Publications

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allelopathic effects of volatile organic compounds from eucalyptus grandis rhizosphere soil on eisenia fetida assessed using avoidance bioassays, enzyme activity, and comet assays.allelopathy has been identified as an underlying mechanism of detrimental environmental impacts within commercial plantations. eucalyptus spp. are known to generate huge amounts of volatile organic compounds (vocs) that can function as phytotoxins and thus inhibit other plants. in the present study, biochemical markers, including activities of acetylcholinesterase (ache) and oxidative stress enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (sod) and glutathione s-transferase (gst), were assayed to assess c ...201728113065
root morphogenic pathways in eucalyptus grandis are modified by the activity of protein arginine methyltransferases.methylation of proteins at arginine residues, catalysed by members of the protein arginine methyltransferase (prmt) family, is crucial for the regulation of gene transcription and for protein function in eukaryotic organisms. inhibition of the activity of prmts in annual model plants has demonstrated wide-ranging involvement of prmts in key plant developmental processes, however, prmts have not been characterised or studied in long-lived tree species.201728279165
genome-wide analysis of egeve_1, a transcriptionally active endogenous viral element associated to small rnas in eucalyptus genomes.endogenous viral elements (eves) are the result of heritable horizontal gene transfer from viruses to hosts. in the last years, several eve integration events were reported in plants by the exponential availability of sequenced genomes. eucalyptus grandis is a forest tree species with a sequenced genome that is poorly studied in terms of evolution and mobile genetic elements composition. here we report the characterization of e. grandis endogenous viral element 1 (egeve_1), a transcriptionally a ...201728235127
cellulose nanofibers from softwood, hardwood, and tunicate: preparation-structure-film performance interrelation.this work reveals the structural variations of cellulose nanofibers (cnf) prepared from different cellulose sources, including softwood (picea abies), hardwood (eucalyptus grandis × e. urophylla), and tunicate (ciona intestinalis), using different preparation processes and their correlations to the formation and performance of the films prepared from the cnf. here, the cnf are prepared from wood chemical pulps and tunicate isolated cellulose by an identical homogenization treatment subsequent to ...201728350431
evidence for salicylic acid signalling and histological changes in the defence response of eucalyptus grandis to chrysoporthe austroafricana.eucalyptus species are cultivated for forestry and are of economic importance. the fungal stem canker pathogen chrysoporthe austroafricana causes disease of varying severity on e. grandis. the eucalyptus grandis-chrysoporthe austroafricana interaction has been established as a model system for studying eucalyptus antifungal defence. previous studies revealed that the phytohormone salicylic acid (sa) affects the levels of resistance in highly susceptible (zg14) and moderately resistant (tag5) clo ...201728349984
nosema ceranae winter control: study of the effectiveness of different fumagillin treatments and consequences on the strength of honey bee (hymenoptera: apidae) colonies.in uruguay, colonies of honey bees moving to eucalyptus grandis plantation in autumn habitually become infected with the microsporidian nosema ceranae , a parasite that attacks the digestive system of bees. beekeepers attributed to n. ceranae depopulation of the colonies that often occurs at the end of the blooming period, and many use the antibiotic fumagillin to reduce the level of infection. the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of four different fumagillin treatments and det ...201728025388
identification of the eucalyptus grandis chitinase gene family and expression characterization under different biotic stress challenges.eucalyptus grandis (w. hill ex maiden) is an australian myrtaceae tree grown for timber in many parts of the world and for which the annotated genome sequence is available. known to be susceptible to a number of pests and diseases, e. grandis is a useful study organism for investigating defense responses in woody plants. chitinases are widespread in plants and cleave glycosidic bonds of chitin, the major structural component of fungal cell walls and arthropod exoskeletons. they are encoded by an ...201728338992
transcript profiling of a novel plant meristem, the monocot cambium.while monocots lack the ability to produce a vascular cambium or woody growth, some monocot lineages evolved a novel lateral meristem, the monocot cambium, which supports secondary radial growth of stems. in contrast to the vascular cambium found in woody angiosperm and gymnosperm species, the monocot cambium produces secondary vascular bundles, which have an amphivasal organization of tracheids encircling a central strand of phloem. currently there is no information concerning the molecular gen ...201728304126
insights into temperature modulation of the eucalyptus globulus and eucalyptus grandis antioxidant and lignification subproteomes.eucalyptus grandis and eucalyptus globulus are among the most widely cultivated trees, differing in lignin composition and plantation areas, as e. grandis is mostly cultivated in tropical regions while e. globulus is preferred in temperate areas. as temperature is a key modulator in plant metabolism, a large-scale proteome analysis was carried out to investigate changes in the antioxidant system and the lignification metabolism in plantlets grown at different temperatures. our strategy allowed t ...201728190676
fuzzy logic applied to prospecting for areas for installation of wood panel industries.prospecting for suitable areas for forestry operations, where the objective is a reduction in production and transportation costs, as well as the maximization of profits and available resources, constitutes an optimization problem. however, fuzzy logic is an alternative method for solving this problem. in the context of prospecting for suitable areas for the installation of wood panel industries, we propose applying fuzzy logic analysis for simulating the planting of different species and eucaly ...201728237845
special trends in cbf and dreb2 groups in eucalyptus gunnii vs eucalyptus grandis suggest that cbf are master players in the trade-off between growth and stress resistance.annotation of the eucalyptus grandis genome showed a large amplification of the dehydration-responsive element binding 1/c-repeat binding factor (dreb1/cbf) group without recent dreb2 gene duplication compared with other plant species. the present annotation of the cbf and dreb2 genes from a draft of the eucalyptus gunnii genome sequence reveals at least one additional cbf copy in the e. gunnii genome compared with e. grandis, suggesting that this group is still evolving, unlike the dreb2 group. ...201727861954
plant species differ in early seedling growth and tissue nutrient responses to arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi.experiments with plant species that can host both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) and ectomycorrhizal fungi (emf) are important to separating the roles of fungal type and plant species and understanding the influence of the types of symbioses on plant growth and nutrient acquisition. we examined the effects of mycorrhizal fungal type on the growth and tissue nutrient content of two tree species (eucalyptus grandis and quercus costaricensis) grown under four nutrient treatments (combinations o ...201727838856
in situ 13co2 pulse labelling of field-grown eucalypt trees revealed the effects of potassium nutrition and throughfall exclusion on phloem transport of photosynthetic carbon.potassium (k) is an important limiting factor of tree growth, but little is known of the effects of k supply on the long-distance transport of photosynthetic carbon (c) in the phloem and of the interaction between k fertilization and drought. we pulse-labelled 2-year-old eucalyptus grandis l. trees grown in a field trial combining k fertilization (+k and -k) and throughfall exclusion (+w and -w), and we estimated the velocity of c transfer by comparing time lags between the uptake of (13)co2 and ...201626423335
examining the cause of high inbreeding depression: analysis of whole-genome sequence data in 28 selfed progeny of eucalyptus grandis.the genome-wide heterozygosity at 9590 genes, all heterozygous in a single eucalyptus grandis parent tree, was examined in a group of 28 s1 offspring. heterozygosity ranged from 52-79%, averaging 65.5%, much higher than the 50% expected under random segregation, supporting the occurrence of strong (47%) selection against homozygosity. the expected pattern of heterozygosity from theoretical calculations and simulations for recessive detrimentals (pseudo-overdominance) and intrinsic heterozygote a ...201626356869
modeling additive and non-additive effects in a hybrid population using genome-wide genotyping: prediction accuracy implications.hybrids are broadly used in plant breeding and accurate estimation of variance components is crucial for optimizing genetic gain. genome-wide information may be used to explore models designed to assess the extent of additive and non-additive variance and test their prediction accuracy for the genomic selection. ten linear mixed models, involving pedigree- and marker-based relationship matrices among parents, were developed to estimate additive (a), dominance (d) and epistatic (aa, ad and dd) ef ...201626328760
suppression of nighttime sap flux with lower stem photosynthesis in eucalyptus trees.it is widely accepted that substantial nighttime sap flux (j s,n) or transpiration (e) occurs in most plants, but the physiological implications are poorly known. it has been hypothesized that j s,n or e serves to enhance nitrogen uptake or deliver oxygen; however, no clear evidence is currently available. in this study, sap flux (j s) in eucalyptus grandis × urophylla with apparent stem photosynthesis was measured, including control trees which were covered by aluminum foil (approximately 1/3 o ...201626307638
genome scans for divergent selection in natural populations of the widespread hardwood species eucalyptus grandis (myrtaceae) using microsatellites.identification of loci or genes under natural selection is important for both understanding the genetic basis of local adaptation and practical applications, and genome scans provide a powerful means for such identification purposes. in this study, genome-wide simple sequence repeats markers (ssrs) were used to scan for molecular footprints of divergent selection in eucalyptus grandis, a hardwood species occurring widely in costal areas from 32° s to 16° s in australia. high population diversity ...201627748400
seasonal variation of carbon metabolism in the cambial zone of eucalyptus grandis.eucalyptus species are the most widely hardwood planted in the world. it is one of the successful examples of commercial forestry plantation in brazil and other tropical and subtropical countries. the tree is valued for its rapid growth, adaptability and wood quality. wood formation is the result of cumulative annual activity of the vascular cambium. this cambial activity is generally related to the alternation of cold and warm, and/or dry and rainy seasons. efforts have focused on analysis of c ...201627446160
integrated analysis of gene expression from carbon metabolism, proteome and metabolome, reveals altered primary metabolism in eucalyptus grandis bark, in response to seasonal variation.seasonal variation is presumed to play an important role in the regulation of tree growth, especially for eucalyptus grandis, a fast-growing tree. this variation may induce changes in the whole tree at transcriptional, protein and metabolite levels. bark represents an important group of tissues that protect trees from desiccation and pathogen attack, and it has been identified as potential feedstock for lignocellulosic derived biofuels. despite the growing interest, little is known about the mol ...201627364638
supercritical water gasification of eucalyptus grandis and related pyrolysis char: effect of feedstock composition.eucalyptus grandis (e. grandis) wood and char products derived from pyrolysis of e. grandis wood, were gasified in supercritical water at 450°c - with and without the use of a homogeneous (k2co3) and heterogeneous (ni/al2o3-sio2) catalyst. gas yields and gasification efficiencies were measured experimentally and compared to calculated thermodynamic equilibrium values, specifically considering the effects of the o/c ratio and volatile matter content of the feed material. thermodynamically, feed m ...201627343456
constancy, distribution, and frequency of lepidoptera defoliators of eucalyptus grandis and eucalyptus urophylla (myrtaceae) in four brazilian regions.the growth of the brazilian forest sector with monocultures favors the adaptation of arthropoda pests. the lepidoptera order includes major pests of eucalyptus spp. (myrtaceae). the aim of this work is to study the population constancy, distribution, and frequency of lepidoptera primary pests of eucalyptus spp. lepidoptera pests in eucalyptus spp. plantations were collected in três marias and guanhães (state of minas gerais), niquelândia (state of goiás), and monte dourado (state of pará), brazi ...201627255768
intraspecific competition between ectomycorrhizal pisolithus microcarpus isolates impacts plant and fungal performance under elevated co2 and temperature.root systems are simultaneously colonized by multiple individuals of mycorrhizal fungi. intraspecific competitive interactions between fungal isolates are likely to affect both fungal and plant performance and be influenced by abiotic factors. here, we assessed the impact of intraspecific competition between three pisolithus microcarpus isolates on the establishment of, and benefit derived from, symbioses with eucalyptus grandis seedlings. we investigated the outcomes of competition under ambien ...201627222224
effects of autohydrolysis of eucalyptus urograndis and eucalyptus grandis on influence of chemical components and crystallinity index.samples of eucalyptus urograndis and eucalyptus grandis sawdust were autohydrolyzed in aqueous conditions to reach temperatures in the range 110-190°c and reaction times of 0-150min in a minireactor. in each minireactor were used a liquor:wood ratio (10:1 l:kg dry wood), in order to assess the effects of the autohydrolysis severity and the crystalline properties of cellulose. the content of extractives, lignin, holocellulose, cellulose, hemicelluloses and crystallinity index obtained from the so ...201627187566
antifungal activity of eucalyptus oil against rice blast fungi and the possible mechanism of gene expression pattern.eucalyptus oil possesses a wide spectrum of biological activity, including anti-microbial, fungicidal, herbicidal, acaricidal and nematicidal properties. we studied anti-fungal activities of the leaf oil extracted from eucalyptus. grandis × e. urophylla. eleven plant pathogenic fungi were tested based on the mycelium growth rates with negative control. the results showed that eucalyptus oil has broad-spectrum inhibitory effects toward these fungi. remarkable morphological and structural alterati ...201627187335
transcriptional profiles of hybrid eucalyptus genotypes with contrasting lignin content reveal that monolignol biosynthesis-related genes regulate wood composition.eucalyptus species constitutes the most widely planted hardwood trees in temperate and subtropical regions. in this study, we compared the transcript levels of genes involved in lignocellulose formation such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin biosynthesis in two selected 3-year old hybrid eucalyptus (eucalyptus urophylla × eucalyptus grandis) genotypes (am063 and am380) that have different lignin content. am063 and am380 had 20.2 and 35.5% of klason lignin content and 59.0 and 48.2%, α-cellu ...201627148283
in situ enzyme aided adsorption of soluble xylan biopolymers onto cellulosic material.the functional properties of cellulose fibers can be modified by adsorption of xylan biopolymers. the adsorption is improved when the degree of biopolymers substitution with arabinose and 4-o-methyl-glucuronic acid (meglca) side groups, is reduced. α-l-arabinofuranosidase (abfb) and α-d-glucuronidase (agua) enzymes were applied for side group removal, to increase adsorption of xylan from sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l) bagasse (bh), bamboo (bambusa balcooa) (bm), pinus patula (pp) and eucaly ...201627083357
biochemical and ecophysiological responses to manganese stress by ectomycorrhizal fungus pisolithus tinctorius and in association with eucalyptus grandis.at relatively low concentrations, the element manganese (mn) is essential for plant metabolism, especially for photosynthesis and as an enzyme antioxidant cofactor. however, industrial and agricultural activities have greatly increased mn concentrations, and thereby contamination, in soils. we tested whether and how growth of pisolithus tinctorius is influenced by mn and glucose and compare the activities of oxidative stress enzymes as biochemical markers of mn stress. we also compared nutrient ...201626861483
lanostane-type triterpenes from the fungal endophyte scleroderma ufsmsc1 (persoon) fries.two lanostane triterpenoids (sclerodols a and b) were isolated from the culture of the eucalyptus grandis derived from the endophyte scleroderma ufsm sc1(persoon) fries together with three known compounds: one related triterpenoid lanosta-8,23-dien-3β,25-diol, the disaccharide α,β-trehalose, and the sugar alcohol mannitol. their structures were elucidated on the basis of 2d nmr, hrme, and single-crystal x-ray diffraction data. the methanol crude extract and the isolated lanostane triterpenoids s ...201626826733
allometric models and aboveground biomass stocks of a west african sudan savannah watershed in benin.the estimation of forest biomass changes due to land-use change is of significant importance for estimates of the global carbon budget. the accuracy of biomass density maps depends on the availability of reliable allometric models used in combination with data derived from satellites images and forest inventory data. to reduce the uncertainty in estimates of carbon emissions resulting from deforestation and forest degradation, better information on allometric equations and the spatial distributi ...201627594897
fungal planet description sheets: 469-557.novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: australia: apiognomonia lasiopetali on lasiopetalum sp., blastacervulus eucalyptorum on eucalyptus adesmophloia, bullanockia australis (incl. bullanockia gen. nov.) on kingia australis, caliciopsis eucalypti on eucalyptus marginata, celerioriella petrophiles on petrophile teretifolia, coleophoma xanthosiae on xanthosia rotundifolia, coniothyrium hakeae on hakea sp., diatrypella banksiae on banksia for ...201628232766
dual rna-sequencing of eucalyptus nitens during phytophthora cinnamomi challenge reveals pathogen and host factors influencing compatibility.damage caused by phytophthora cinnamomi rands remains an important concern on forest tree species. the pathogen causes root and collar rot, stem cankers, and dieback of various economically important eucalyptus spp. in south africa, susceptible cold tolerant eucalyptus plantations have been affected by various phytophthora spp. with p. cinnamomi considered one of the most virulent. the molecular basis of this compatible interaction is poorly understood. in this study, susceptible eucalyptus nite ...201626973660
the eucalyptus tonoplast intrinsic protein (tip) gene subfamily: genomic organization, structural features, and expression profiles.plant aquaporins are water channels implicated in various physiological processes, including growth, development and adaptation to stress. in this study, the tonoplast intrinsic protein (tip) gene subfamily of eucalyptus, an economically important woody species, was investigated and characterized. a genome-wide survey of the eucalyptus grandis genome revealed the presence of eleven putative tip genes (referred as egtip), which were individually assigned by phylogeny to each of the classical tip1 ...201627965702
genome-wide analysis of the tpx2 family proteins in eucalyptus grandis.the xklp2 (tpx2) proteins belong to the microtubule-associated (map) family of proteins. all members of the family contain the conserved tpx2 motif, which can interact with microtubules, regulate microtubule dynamics or assist with different microtubule functions, for example, maintenance of cell morphology or regulation of cell growth and development. however, the role of members of the tpx family have not been studied in the model tree species eucalyptus to date. here, we report the identifica ...201627881090
ft overexpression induces precocious flowering and normal reproductive development in eucalyptus.eucalyptus trees are among the most important species for industrial forestry worldwide. however, as with most forest trees, flowering does not begin for one to several years after planting which can limit the rate of conventional and molecular breeding. to speed flowering, we transformed a eucalyptus grandis × urophylla hybrid (sp7) with a variety of constructs that enable overexpression of flowering locus t (ft). we found that ft expression led to very early flowering, with events showing flor ...201626132805
localization and transcriptional responses of chrysoporthe austroafricana in eucalyptus grandis identify putative pathogenicity factors.chrysoporthe austroafricana is a fungal pathogen that causes the development of stem cankers on susceptible eucalyptus grandis trees. clones of e. grandis that are partially resistant and highly susceptible have been identified based on the extent of lesion formation on the stem upon inoculation with c. austroafricana. these interactions have been used as a model pathosystem to enhance our understanding of interactions between pathogenic fungi and woody hosts, which may be different to herbaceou ...201628008326
a snare-like superfamily protein sbslsp from the halophyte salicornia brachiata confers salt and drought tolerance by maintaining membrane stability, k(+)/na(+) ratio, and antioxidant machinery.about 1000 salt-responsive ests were identified from an extreme halophyte salicornia brachiata. among these, a novel salt-inducible gene sbslsp (salicornia brachiata snare-like superfamily protein), showed up-regulation upon salinity and dehydration stress. the presence of cis-regulatory motifs related to abiotic stress in the putative promoter region supports our finding that sbslsp gene is inducible by abiotic stress. the sbslsp protein showed a high sequence identity to hypothetical/uncharact ...201627313584
effects of an inducible aiia gene on disease resistance in eucalyptus urophylla × eucalyptus grandis.n-acyl-homoserine lactones (ahls) are metabolites of mostly gram-negative bacteria and are critical signaling molecules in bacterial quorum-sensing systems. at threshold concentrations, ahls can activate the expression of pathogenic genes and induce diseases. therefore, reducing ahl concentrations is a key point of disease control in plants. ahl-lactonase, which is expressed by aiia, is widespread in bacillus sp and can hydrolyze ahls. in the present study, we cloned aiia from bacillus subtilis ...201626905275
defense responses in plants of eucalyptus elicited by streptomyces and challenged with botrytis cinerea.elicitation of e. grandis plants with streptomyces pm9 reduced the gray-mold disease, through increasing the levels of enzymes directly related to the induction of plant defense responses, and accumulation of specific phenolic compounds. members of eucalyptus are economically important woody species, especially as a raw material in many industrial sectors. species of this genus are susceptible to pathogens such as botrytis cinerea (gray mold). biological control of plant diseases using rhizobact ...201626794965
eucalyptus hairy roots, a fast, efficient and versatile tool to explore function and expression of genes involved in wood formation.eucalyptus are of tremendous economic importance being the most planted hardwoods worldwide for pulp and paper, timber and bioenergy. the recent release of the eucalyptus grandis genome sequence pointed out many new candidate genes potentially involved in secondary growth, wood formation or lineage-specific biosynthetic pathways. their functional characterization is, however, hindered by the tedious, time-consuming and inefficient transformation systems available hitherto for eucalypts. to overc ...201626579999
diversity and distribution of the endophytic bacterial community at different stages of eucalyptus growth.the relationships between plants and endophytic bacteria significantly contribute to plant health and yield. however, the microbial diversity in leaves of eucalyptus spp. is still poorly characterized. here, we investigated the endophytic diversity in leaves of hybrid eucalyptus grandis x e. urophylla (eucalyptus "urograndis") by using culture-independent and culture-dependent approaches, to better understand their ecology in leaves at different stages of eucalyptus development, including bacter ...201627010209
behavioral response of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae to synthetic and natural attractants and repellents.aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) is the key vector of three important arboviral diseases: dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya. immature stages of this species inhabit human-made containers placed in residential landscapes. in this study, we evaluated a few compounds in a sensitive behavioral assay with ae. aegypti larvae. the orientation of larvae to different compounds was surveyed using a performance index (pi). the pi represents the response to each odorant, where a value of +1 is in ...201526352935
the eucalyptus grandis nbs-lrr gene family: physical clustering and expression hotspots.eucalyptus grandis is a commercially important hardwood species and is known to be susceptible to a number of pests and pathogens. determining mechanisms of defense is therefore a research priority. the published genome for e. grandis has aided the identification of one important class of resistance (r) genes that incorporate nucleotide binding sites and leucine-rich repeat domains (nbs-lrr). using an iterative search process we identified nbs-lrr gene models within the e. grandis genome. we cha ...201526793216
the eucalyptus grandis r2r3-myb transcription factor family: evidence for woody growth-related evolution and function.the r2r3-myb family, one of the largest transcription factor families in higher plants, controls a wide variety of plant-specific processes including, notably, phenylpropanoid metabolism and secondary cell wall formation. we performed a genome-wide analysis of this superfamily in eucalyptus, one of the most planted hardwood trees world-wide. a total of 141 predicted r2r3-myb sequences identified in the eucalyptus grandis genome sequence were subjected to comparative phylogenetic analyses with ar ...201525250741
genome-wide analysis of the ap2/erf family in eucalyptus grandis: an intriguing over-representation of stress-responsive dreb1/cbf genes.the ap2/erf family includes a large number of developmentally and physiologically important transcription factors sharing an ap2 dna-binding domain. among them dreb1/cbf and dreb2 factors are known as master regulators respectively of cold and heat/osmotic stress responses.201525849589
does diatomaceous earth control leaf-cutter ants (hymenoptera: formicidae) in the eucalyptus plantations?genus atta includes some of the most important formicidae leaf cutter ants which cause extensive damage to the eucalyptus plantations. atta sexdens rubropilosa forel, one of the chief pests in brazilian reforestation, can restrict and reduce forest productivity by its intense and constant leaf-cutting activities on plants at all stages. therefore, the demand for new products to control a. sexdens rubropilosa indicates the study of the utilization of the dry powder formulation of diatomaceous ear ...201526470237
temporal dynamics of the response to al stress in eucalyptus grandis × eucalyptus camaldulensis.lipid peroxidation and root elongation of eucalyptus grandis × eucalyptus camaldulensis were studied under stress conditions in response to aluminum (al), a metal known to limit agricultural productivity in acidic soils primarily due to reduced root elongation. in brazil, the grancam 1277 hybrid (e. grandis × e. camaldulensis) has been planted in the "cerrado", a region of the country with a wide occurrence of acidic soils. the present study demonstrated that the hybrid exhibited root growth red ...201526062119
genome-wide discovery and validation of eucalyptus small rnas reveals variable patterns of conservation and diversity across species of myrtaceae.micro rnas are a class of small non coding rnas of 20-24 nucleotides transcribed as single stranded precursors from mir gene loci. initially described as post-transcriptional regulators involved in development, two decades ago, mirnas have been proven to regulate a wide range of processes in plants such as germination, morphology and responses to biotic and abiotic stress. despite wide conservation in plants, a number of mirnas are lineage specific. we describe the first genome wide survey of eu ...201526714854
the floral transcriptome of eucalyptus grandis.as a step toward functional annotation of genes required for floral initiation and development within the eucalyptus genome, we used short read sequencing to analyze transcriptomes of floral buds from early and late developmental stages, and compared these with transcriptomes of diverse vegetative tissues, including leaves, roots, and stems. a subset of 4807 genes (13% of protein-coding genes) were differentially expressed between floral buds of either stage and vegetative tissues. a similar pro ...201525353719
genome-wide mapping of histone h3 lysine 4 trimethylation in eucalyptus grandis developing xylem.histone modifications play an integral role in plant development, but have been poorly studied in woody plants. investigating chromatin organization in wood-forming tissue and its role in regulating gene expression allows us to understand the mechanisms underlying cellular differentiation during xylogenesis (wood formation) and identify novel functional regions in plant genomes. however, woody tissue poses unique challenges for using high-throughput chromatin immunoprecipitation (chip) technique ...201525957781
explosive tandem and segmental duplications of multigenic families in eucalyptus grandis.plant organisms contain a large number of genes belonging to numerous multigenic families whose evolution size reflects some functional constraints. sequences from eight multigenic families, involved in biotic and abiotic responses, have been analyzed in eucalyptus grandis and compared with arabidopsis thaliana. two transcription factor families apetala 2 (ap2)/ethylene responsive factor and gras, two auxin transporter families pin-formed and aux/lax, two oxidoreductase families (ascorbate perox ...201525769696
eucalyptus urograndis stem proteome is responsive to short-term cold stress.eucalyptus urograndis is a hybrid eucalyptus of major economic importance to the brazilian pulp and paper industry. although widely used in forest nurseries around the country, little is known about the biochemical changes imposed by environmental stress in this species. in this study, we evaluated the changes in the stem proteome after short-term stimulation by exposure to low temperature. using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry-based protein ident ...201526273222
transcriptionally active ltr retrotransposons in eucalyptus genus are differentially expressed and insertionally polymorphic.in eucalyptus genus, studies on genome composition and transposable elements (tes) are particularly scarce. nearly half of the recently released eucalyptus grandis genome is composed by retrotransposons and this data provides an important opportunity to understand te dynamics in eucalyptus genome and transcriptome.201526268941
modifying solubility of polymeric xylan extracted from eucalyptus grandis and sugarcane bagasse by suitable side chain removing enzymes.α-l-arabinofuranosidase (abfb) and novel α-d-glucuronidase (agu1b) enzymes were applied for selective hydrolysis of beechwood (fagus sylvatica) xylan (sigma-aldrich) as well as xylans extracted from eucalyptus grandis and sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) bagasse, leading to precipitation of these carbohydrate biopolymers. hemicellulose extraction was performed with two mild-alkali methods, höije and pinto. precipitation occurred after removal of 67, 40 and 16% 4-o-methyl-d-glucuronic acid (m ...201526256174
genome-wide patterns of recombination, linkage disequilibrium and nucleotide diversity from pooled resequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping unlock the evolutionary history of eucalyptus grandis.we used high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) data and whole-genome pooled resequencing to examine the landscape of population recombination (ρ) and nucleotide diversity (θw ), assess the extent of linkage disequilibrium (r(2) ) and build the highest density linkage maps for eucalyptus. at the genome-wide level, linkage disequilibrium (ld) decayed within c. 4-6 kb, slower than previously reported from candidate gene studies, but showing considerable variation from absence to complete ...201526079595
the eucalyptus terpene synthase gene family.terpenoids are abundant in the foliage of eucalyptus, providing the characteristic smell as well as being valuable economically and influencing ecological interactions. quantitative and qualitative inter- and intra- specific variation of terpenes is common in eucalypts.201526062733
the transcriptome and terpene profile of eucalyptus grandis reveals mechanisms of defense against the insect pest, leptocybe invasa.plants have evolved complex defenses that allow them to protect themselves against pests and pathogens. however, there is relatively little information regarding the eucalyptus defensome. leptocybe invasa is one of the most damaging pests in global eucalyptus forestry, and essentially nothing is known regarding the molecular mechanisms governing the interaction between the pest and host. the aim of the study was to investigate changes in the transcriptional landscape and terpene profile of a res ...201525948810
transcriptome and hormone profiling reveals eucalyptus grandis defence responses against chrysoporthe austroafricana.eucalyptus species and interspecific hybrids exhibit valuable growth and wood properties that make them a highly desirable commodity. however, these trees are challenged by a wide array of biotic stresses during their lifetimes. the eucalyptus grandis reference genome sequence provides a resource to study pest and pathogen defence mechanisms in long-lived woody plants. e. grandis trees are generally susceptible to chrysoporthe austroafricana, a causal agent of stem cankers on eucalypts. the aim ...201525903559
comparative interrogation of the developing xylem transcriptomes of two wood-forming species: populus trichocarpa and eucalyptus grandis.wood formation is a complex developmental process governed by genetic and environmental stimuli. populus and eucalyptus are fast-growing, high-yielding tree genera that represent ecologically and economically important species suitable for generating significant lignocellulosic biomass. comparative analysis of the developing xylem and leaf transcriptomes of populus trichocarpa and eucalyptus grandis together with phylogenetic analyses identified clusters of homologous genes preferentially expres ...201525659405
integrated hot-compressed water and laccase-mediator treatments of eucalyptus grandis fibers: structural changes of fiber and lignin.eucalyptus grandis fibers were treated with hot-compressed water (hcw) and laccase mediator to enhance the fiber characteristics and to produce an active lignin substrate for binderless fiberboard production. the composition, morphology, and crystallinity index (cri) analysis of fibers showed that the hcw treatment increased the cri and lignin content of the treated fibers through partial removal of hemicelluloses. simultaneously, the hcw treatment produced some granules and holes on the surface ...201525639522
a newly identified passive hyperaccumulator eucalyptus grandis × e. urophylla under manganese stress.manganese (mn) is an essential micronutrient needed for plant growth and development, but can be toxic to plants in excess amounts. however, some plant species have detoxification mechanisms that allow them to accumulate mn to levels that are normally toxic, a phenomenon known as hyperaccumulation. these species are excellent candidates for developing a cost-effective remediation strategy for mn-polluted soils. in this study, we identified a new passive mn-hyperaccumulator eucalyptus grandis × e ...201526327118
hylax bahiensis bechyné (chrysomelidae: eumolpinae): a new potential pest of eucalyptus and species used for atlantic rainforest restoration.hylax bahiensis bechyné (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), a new pest of forest species, including eucalyptus (hybrid eucalyptus urophylla x eucalyptus grandis), joannesia princeps, mimosa artemisiana, croton urucurana, croton floribundus, and senna multijuga is recorded. the insect attack in clonal eucalyptus plantations and in forest restoration areas between 2010 and 2013 in the states of espírito santo, bahia and minas gerais, brasil, was observed for the first time. the outbreaks generally occurr ...201526013018
comparative analysis of plant carbohydrate active enzymes and their role in xylogenesis.carbohydrate metabolism is a key feature of vascular plant architecture, and is of particular importance in large woody species, where lignocellulosic biomass is responsible for bearing the bulk of the stem and crown. since carbohydrate active enzymes (cazymes) in plants are responsible for the synthesis, modification and degradation of carbohydrate biopolymers, the differences in gene copy number and regulation between woody and herbaceous species have been highlighted previously. there are sti ...201525994181
genome-wide analysis of the lignin toolbox of eucalyptus grandis.lignin, a major component of secondary cell walls, hinders the optimal processing of wood for industrial uses. the recent availability of the eucalyptus grandis genome sequence allows comprehensive analysis of the genes encoding the 11 protein families specific to the lignin branch of the phenylpropanoid pathway and identification of those mainly involved in xylem developmental lignification. we performed genome-wide identification of putative members of the lignin gene families, followed by com ...201525684249
the fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein family of eucalyptus grandis contains members that impact wood biology and biomechanics.fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein (fla) families have been identified and characterised in key plant species, with some members exhibiting functional specialization. here we identify the fla family of eucalyptus grandis, and investigate the roles of three single-fas domain flas, with particular focus on secondary cell-wall formation and wood properties. we use various in-silico approaches to identify and characterise e. grandis genome flas, and perform phylogenetic comparisons with other sp ...201525676073
comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the aux/iaa gene family in eucalyptus: evidence for the role of egriaa4 in wood formation.auxin plays a pivotal role in various plant growth and development processes, including vascular differentiation. the modulation of auxin responsiveness through the auxin perception and signaling machinery is believed to be a major regulatory mechanism controlling cambium activity and wood formation. to gain more insights into the roles of key aux/iaa gene regulators of the auxin response in these processes, we identified and characterized members of the aux/iaa family in the genome of eucalyptu ...201525577568
protein domain evolution is associated with reproductive diversification and adaptive radiation in the genus eucalyptus.eucalyptus is a pivotal genus within the rosid order myrtales with distinct geographic history and adaptations. comparative analysis of protein domain evolution in the newly sequenced eucalyptus grandis genome and other rosid lineages sheds light on the adaptive mechanisms integral to the success of this genus of woody perennials. we reconstructed the ancestral domain content to elucidate the gain, loss and expansion of protein domains and domain arrangements in eucalyptus in the context of rosi ...201525494981
measured and modeled interactive effects of potassium deficiency and water deficit on gross primary productivity and light-use efficiency in eucalyptus grandis plantations.global climate change is expected to increase the length of drought periods in many tropical regions. although large amounts of potassium (k) are applied in tropical crops and planted forests, little is known about the interaction between k nutrition and water deficit on the physiological mechanisms governing plant growth. a process-based model (maespa) parameterized in a split-plot experiment in brazil was used to gain insight into the combined effects of k deficiency and water deficit on absor ...201525430918
investigating the molecular underpinnings underlying morphology and changes in carbon partitioning during tension wood formation in eucalyptus.tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. it serves as a good system for investigating the genetic regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthesis and wood formation. the reference genome sequence for eucalyptus grandis allows investigation of the global transcriptional reprogramming that accompanies tension wood formation in this global wood fibre crop. we report the first comprehensive analysis of ph ...201525388807
the capacity to cope with climate warming declines from temperate to tropical latitudes in two widely distributed eucalyptus species.as rapid climate warming creates a mismatch between forest trees and their home environment, the ability of trees to cope with warming depends on their capacity to physiologically adjust to higher temperatures. in widespread species, individual trees in cooler home climates are hypothesized to more successfully acclimate to warming than their counterparts in warmer climates that may approach thermal limits. we tested this prediction with a climate-shift experiment in widely distributed eucalyptu ...201525378195
the effect of elevated carbon dioxide on the interaction between eucalyptus grandis and diverse isolates of pisolithus sp. is associated with a complex shift in the root transcriptome.using the newly available genome for eucalyptus grandis, we sought to determine the genome-wide traits that enable this host to form mutualistic interactions with ectomycorrhizal (ecm) pisolithus sp. and to determine how future predicted concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (co2 ) will affect this relationship. we analyzed the physiological and transcriptomic responses of e. grandis during colonization by different pisolithus sp. isolates under conditions of ambient (400 ppm) and elevate ...201525377589
a novel genome-wide microsatellite resource for species of eucalyptus with linkage-to-physical correspondence on the reference genome sequence.keystone species in their native ranges, eucalypts, are ecologically and genetically very diverse, growing naturally along extensive latitudinal and altitudinal ranges and variable environments. besides their ecological importance, eucalypts are also the most widely planted trees for sustainable forestry in the world. we report the development of a novel collection of 535 microsatellites for species of eucalyptus, 494 designed from ests and 41 from genomic libraries. a selected subset of 223 was ...201525146326
high-resolution genetic maps of eucalyptus improve eucalyptus grandis genome assembly.genetic maps are key tools in genetic research as they constitute the framework for many applications, such as quantitative trait locus analysis, and support the assembly of genome sequences. the resequencing of the two parents of a cross between eucalyptus urophylla and eucalyptus grandis was used to design a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) array of 6000 markers evenly distributed along the e. grandis genome. the genotyping of 1025 offspring enabled the construction of two high-resolution ...201525385325
structural, evolutionary and functional analysis of the nac domain protein family in eucalyptus.nac domain transcription factors regulate many developmental processes and stress responses in plants and vary widely in number and family structure. we analysed the characteristics and evolution of the nac gene family of eucalyptus grandis, a fast-growing forest tree in the rosid order myrtales. nac domain genes identified in the e. grandis genome were subjected to amino acid sequence, phylogenetic and motif analyses. transcript abundance in developing tissues and abiotic stress conditions in e ...201525385212
programmed cell death and necrosis during cryopreparative drying of in vitro eucalyptus grandis axillary buds.in preparation for cryopreservation, eucalyptus grandis in vitro axillary buds were dried over silica gel. pretreatment of the buds with 5 mg per l aba resulted in partial resistance to water loss (0.76 to 0.45 g per g fresh mass basis) as compared with untreated buds (0.76 to 0.33 g per g) and was associated with the retention of viability (70 vs. 55%). the loss of viability of the dried buds was protracted over several days. ultrastructural examination and vital staining demonstrated cellular ...201424441369
phosphorus limits eucalyptus grandis seedling growth in an unburnt rain forest soil.although rain forest is characterized as pyrophobic, pyrophilic giant eucalypts grow as rain forest emergents in both temperate and tropical australia. in temperate australia, such eucalypts depend on extensive, infrequent fires to produce conditions suitable for seedling growth. little is known, however, about constraints on seedlings of tropical giant eucalypts. we tested whether seedlings of eucalyptus grandis experience edaphic constraints similar to their temperate counterparts. we hypothes ...201425339968
eucalyptus tolerance mechanisms to lanthanum and cerium: subcellular distribution, antioxidant system and thiol pools.guanglin 9 (eucalyptus grandis × eucalyptus urophlla) and eucalyptus grandis 5 are two eucalyptus species which have been found to grow normally in soils contaminated with lanthanum and cerium, but the tolerance mechanisms are not clear yet. in this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the tolerance mechanisms of the eucalyptus to lanthanum and cerium. cell walls stored 45.40-63.44% of the metals under lanthanum or cerium stress. peroxidase and catalase activities enhanced with i ...201425303462
photosynthetic and anatomical responses of eucalyptus grandis leaves to potassium and sodium supply in a field experiment.although vast areas in tropical regions have weathered soils with low potassium (k) levels, little is known about the effects of k supply on the photosynthetic physiology of trees. this study assessed the effects of k and sodium (na) supply on the diffusional and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis in eucalyptus grandis leaves. a field experiment comparing treatments receiving k (+k) or na (+na) with a control treatment (c) was set up in a k-deficient soil. the net co2 assimilation rates w ...201423663049
uncovering the defence responses of eucalyptus to pests and pathogens in the genomics age.long-lived tree species are subject to attack by various pests and pathogens during their lifetime. this problem is exacerbated by climate change, which may increase the host range for pathogens and extend the period of infestation by pests. plant defences may involve preformed barriers or induced resistance mechanisms based on recognition of the invader, complex signalling cascades, hormone signalling, activation of transcription factors and production of pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins with ...201425261123
in vitro scleroderma laeve and eucalyptus grandis mycorrhization and analysis of atp6, 17s rdna, and ras gene expression during ectomycorrhizal formation.the interaction between fungi and plants that form ectomycorrhizae (ecm) promotes alterations in the gene expression profiles of both organisms. fungal genes expression related to metabolism were evaluated at the pre-symbiotic stage and during the ecm development between scleroderma laeve and eucalyptus grandis. partial sequences of atp synthase (atp6), translation elongation factor (ef1α), the ras protein (ras), and the 17s rdna genes were isolated. the expression of the atp6 and 17s rdna genes ...201425080195
profiling micrornas in eucalyptus grandis reveals no mutual relationship between alterations in mir156 and mir172 expression and adventitious root induction during development.the change from juvenile to mature phase in woody plants is often accompanied by a gradual loss of rooting ability, as well as by reduced microrna (mir) 156 and increased mir172 expression.201424965948
the genome of eucalyptus grandis.eucalypts are the world's most widely planted hardwood trees. their outstanding diversity, adaptability and growth have made them a global renewable resource of fibre and energy. we sequenced and assembled >94% of the 640-megabase genome of eucalyptus grandis. of 36,376 predicted protein-coding genes, 34% occur in tandem duplications, the largest proportion thus far in plant genomes. eucalyptus also shows the highest diversity of genes for specialized metabolites such as terpenes that act as che ...201424919147
cold pretreatment amplifies the responses of in vitro eucalyptus grandis shoots to cryopreparative drying.eucalyptus grandis is an important commercial forestry species in south africa. little is known about its response (which is both drought and cold sensitive) to cold exposure and subsequent drying.201424872158
eucalyptus grandis hill ex maiden inoculated with pisolithus microcarpus (ufsc-pt116) in land subject to the sandy process in southern brazil.eucalypts is one of the main species used for commercial reforestation in the rio grande do sul state, brazil. this study aimed to evaluate the survival and early growth of eucalyptus trees in an area subject to sandy process after three years of growth. the eucalyptus grandis seedlings were grown in a greenhouse, inoculated or not with the isolated ectomycorrhizal pisolithus microcarpus (ufsc-pt116), produced in peat or entisol. after 120 days, the seedlings were transplanted to an area subject ...201425763017
effects of potassium and sodium supply on drought-adaptive mechanisms in eucalyptus grandis plantations.a basic understanding of nutrition effects on the mechanisms involved in tree response to drought is essential under a future drier climate. a large-scale throughfall exclusion experiment was set up in brazil to gain an insight into the effects of potassium (k) and sodium (na) nutrition on tree structural and physiological adjustments to water deficit. regardless of the water supply, k and na supply greatly increased growth and leaf area index (lai) of eucalyptus grandis trees over the first 3 y ...201424725318
genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of the auxin response factor (arf) gene family in eucalyptus grandis.auxin is a central hormone involved in a wide range of developmental processes including the specification of vascular stem cells. auxin response factors (arf) are important actors of the auxin signalling pathway, regulating the transcription of auxin-responsive genes through direct binding to their promoters. the recent availability of the eucalyptus grandis genome sequence allowed us to examine the characteristics and evolutionary history of this gene family in a woody plant of high economic i ...201425269088
gene expression profiling in juvenile and mature cuttings of eucalyptus grandis reveals the importance of microtubule remodeling during adventitious root formation.the ability to form adventitious roots (ar) is an economically important trait that is lost during the juvenile-to-mature phase change in woody plants. auxin treatment, which generally promotes rooting in juvenile cuttings, is often ineffective when applied to mature cuttings. the molecular basis for this phenomenon in eucalyptus grandis was addressed here.201425266376
flavonoid supplementation affects the expression of genes involved in cell wall formation and lignification metabolism and increases sugar content and saccharification in the fast-growing eucalyptus hybrid e. urophylla x e. grandis.eucalyptus species are the most widely planted hardwood species in the world and are renowned for their rapid growth and adaptability. in brazil, one of the most widely grown eucalyptus cultivars is the fast-growing eucalyptus urophylla x eucalyptus grandis hybrid. in a previous study, we described a chemical characterization of these hybrids when subjected to flavonoid supplementation on 2 distinct timetables, and our results revealed marked differences between the wood composition of the treat ...201425407319
streptomyces rhizobacteria modulate the secondary metabolism of eucalyptus plants.the genus eucalyptus comprises economically important species, such as eucalyptus grandis and eucalyptus globulus, used especially as a raw material in many industrial sectors. species of eucalyptus are very susceptible to pathogens, mainly fungi, which leads to mortality of plant cuttings in rooting phase. one alternative to promote plant health and development is the potential use of microorganisms that act as agents for biological control, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr). ...201425394796
formation of carbonyl groups on cellulose during ozone treatment of pulp: consequences for pulp bleaching.the formation of carbonyl groups during the ozone treatment (z) of eucalyptus (eucalyptus grandis and eucalyptus urophylla hybrid) kraft pulps and their behaviors during subsequent alkaline stages were investigated by the ccoa method with carbazole-9-carboxylic acid [2-(2-aminooxethoxy)-ethoxy] amide (ccoa) as the carbonyl-selective fluorescence label. several pulp samples with or without lignin and hexenuronic acids (hexa) were used to elucidate the effects of these components when present in u ...201424815405
wgdb: wood gene database with search interface.wood quality can be defined in terms of particular end use with the involvement of several traits. over the last fifteen years researchers have assessed the wood quality traits in forest trees. the wood quality was categorized as: cell wall biochemical traits, fibre properties include the microfibril angle, density and stiffness in loblolly pine [1]. the user friendly and an open-access database has been developed named wood gene database (wgdb) for describing the wood genes along the informatio ...201424516325
mixing eucalyptus and acacia trees leads to fine root over-yielding and vertical segregation between species.the consequences of diversity on belowground processes are still poorly known in tropical forests. the distributions of very fine roots (diameter <1 mm) and fine roots (diameter <3 mm) were studied in a randomized block design close to the harvest age of fast-growing plantations. a replacement series was set up in brazil with mono-specific eucalyptus grandis (100e) and acacia mangium (100a) stands and a mixture with the same stocking density and 50% of each species (50a:50e). the total fine root ...201323180423
[effects of eucalyptus grandis leaf litter at its early stage of decomposition on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of cichorium intybus].from march to may, 2010, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of eucalyptus grandis leaf litter at its early stage of decomposition on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of cichorium intybus. four treatments with different application rate of the leaf litter, i.e., 0 g x pot(-1) (ck), 30 g x pot(-1) (a1), 60 g x pot(-1) (a2), and 90 g x pot(-1) (a3), were installed. each pot contained 12 kg soil mixed with the leaf litter, and then, c. intybus was sown. the growth ...201324175509
the identification and differential expression of eucalyptus grandis pathogenesis-related genes in response to salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate.two important role players in plant defence response are the phytohormones salicylic acid (sa) and jasmonic acid (ja); both of which have been well described in model species such as arabidopsis thaliana. several pathogenesis related (pr) genes have previously been used as indicators of the onset of sa and ja signaling in arabidopsis. this information is lacking in tree genera such as eucalyptus. the aim of this study was to characterize the transcriptional response of pr genes (egrpr2, egrpr3, ...201323508356
ion torrent pgm as tool for fungal community analysis: a case study of endophytes in eucalyptus grandis reveals high taxonomic diversity.the kingdom fungi adds substantially to the diversity of life, but due to their cryptic morphology and lifestyle, tremendous diversity, paucity of formally described specimens, and the difficulty in isolating environmental strains into culture, fungal communities are difficult to characterize. this is especially true for endophytic communities of fungi living in healthy plant tissue. the developments in next generation sequencing technologies are, however, starting to reveal the true extent of f ...201324358124
the tonoplast intrinsic aquaporin (tip) subfamily of eucalyptus grandis: characterization of egtip2, a root-specific and osmotic stress-responsive gene.aquaporins have important roles in various physiological processes in plants, including growth, development and adaptation to stress. in this study, a gene encoding a root-specific tonoplast intrinsic aquaporin (tip) from eucalyptus grandis (named egtip2) was investigated. the root-specific expression of egtip2 was validated over a panel of five eucalyptus organ/tissues. in eucalyptus roots, egtip2 expression was significantly induced by osmotic stress imposed by peg treatment. histochemical ana ...201324157213
assessment of cryptococcus albidus for biopulping of eucalyptus.cryptococcus albidus shows delignification activity in nature. it was used for the biopulping of eucalyptus wood (eucalyptus grandis) to access its potential for industrial application in the pulp and paper industry. enzyme analysis on days 15, 30, and 60 showed the presence of laccase and xylanase as key enzymes. the production of endo-glucanase (cmcase) and exo-glucanase (fpase) was very low. scanning electron microscopy (sem) showed the surface colonization of wood and loosening of wood fiber ...201323876135
dynamics of soil exploration by fine roots down to a depth of 10 m throughout the entire rotation in eucalyptus grandis plantations.although highly weathered soils cover considerable areas in tropical regions, little is known about exploration by roots in deep soil layers. intensively managed eucalyptus plantations are simple forest ecosystems that can provide an insight into the belowground growth strategy of fast-growing tropical trees. fast exploration of deep soil layers by eucalypt fine roots may contribute to achieving a gross primary production that is among the highest in the world for forests. soil exploration by fi ...201323847645
impact of decomposing cinnamomum septentrionale leaf litter on the growth of eucalyptus grandis saplings.a pot experiment was performed to study the impact of decomposing cinnamomum septentrionale leaf litter on the growth of eucalyptus grandis saplings. the experimental design scheme was 0 (ck), 40 (a1), 80 (a2) and 120 g pot(-1) (a3) of e. grandis leaves, and changes in the volatile oil chemical composition during litter decomposition were assessed in the present study. the results showed that c. septentrionale leaf litter inhibited the growth of e. grandis saplings, as determined by the height, ...201323835358
induced somatic sector analysis of cellulose synthase (cesa) promoter regions in woody stem tissues.the increasing focus on plantation forestry as a renewable source of cellulosic biomass has emphasized the need for tools to study the unique biology of woody genera such as eucalyptus, populus and pinus. the domestication of these woody crops is hampered by long generation times, and breeders are now looking to molecular approaches such as marker-assisted breeding and genetic modification to accelerate tree improvement. much of what is known about genes involved in the growth and development of ...201323132521
[molecular evolution of orf1 gene in plant ltr-retrotransposons].ltr-retrotransposons are the major dna components in plant genomes. they usually contain gag and pol, two genes necessary for transpositinal process. our previous study on soybean genome annotation identified a sare ltr-retrotransposon family, which carries the third gene, orf1. using a bioinformatics approach, we here reported that 7 out of 33 sequenced genomes have some ltr-retrotransposons with an extra orf1 gene/gene fragment (approximately 1-2 kb) in the region between 5' ltr and gag gene, ...201324400486
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