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data on rna-seq analysis of garcinia mangostana l. seed development.mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) has exceptional potential for commercial and pharmaceutical applications due to its delicious fruit and medicinal properties. nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of mangosteen seed development is poorly understood. in this study, we performed transcriptomic analysis of four seed developmental stages; eight, ten, twelve and fourteen weeks after anthesis. illumina hiseq™ 4000 sequencer was used to generate raw data of approximately 68 gb in size. from 451,495, ...201829188226
effects of α-mangostin on viability, growth and cohesion of multicellular spheroids derived from human breast cancer cell lines.background: α-mangostin (αmg) is extracted from garcinia mangostana linn and exerts antiproliferative activities. although several researches on αmg were performed using cell monolayers, the in vitro pharmacological effects on 3d cancer models have never been investigated. aim of the present study was to find new anticancer properties of αmg by evaluating the changes that this compound provokes in multicellular tumour spheroids (mctss). methods: mctss were generated from mda-mb-231 and mcf-7 bre ...201829333084
garcixanthone a, a new cytotoxic xanthone from the pericarps of garcinia mangostana.a new prenylated xanthone, garcixanthone a (5), together with eight known compounds, mangostanaxanthones i (1) and ii (2), garcinone e (3), β-mangostin (4), 8-hydroxycudraxanthone g (6), garcinone c (7), cudraxanthone g (8), and (-)-epicatechin (9) were isolated from the etoac-soluble fraction of the air-dried pericarps of garcinia mangostana (family clusiaceae). their structures were verified on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation as well as comparison with the literature. the cytoto ...201829307236
antibiofilm activity of α-mangostin extracted from garcinia mangostana l. against staphylococcus aureus.to isolate α-mangostin (amg) from the peels of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.), grown in vietnam, and to investigate antibiofilm activity of this compound against three staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) strains, one of which was methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) and the other two strains were methicillin-sensitive s. aureus (mssa).201729268971
the bionomics of the cocoa mealybug, exallomochlus hispidus (morrison) (hemiptera: pseudococcidae), on mangosteen fruit and three alternative hosts.the cocoa mealybug, exallomochlus hispidus morrison (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) is known to attack mangosteen, an important fruit export commodity for indonesia. the mealybug is polyphagous, so alternative host plants can serve as a source of nourishment. this study aimed to record the bionomics of e. hispidus on mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) and three alternative hosts, kabocha squash (cucurbita maxima l.), soursop (annona muricata, l.), and guava (psidium guajava l.). first-instar nymphs ...201728757558
nanocarrier-mediated delivery of α-mangostin for non-surgical castration of male animals.the overpopulation of abandoned and stray companion animals has become a global crisis. the main purpose of this study was to develop a novel nanomedicine-based antifertility compound for non-surgical castration of male animals. mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l) pericarp extract has been shown to exhibit anti-fertility property. α-mangostin (am)-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (am-nlc) was developed to improve male germ cell apoptosis. this study was conducted to investigate physicochemical ...201729176590
a novel xanthone dimer derivative with antibacterial activity isolated from the bark of garcinia mangostana.a novel xanthone dimer derivative, garmoxanthone (1), together with 10 known compounds (2-11), were isolated from bark of garcinia mangostana. their structures were established through spectroscopic methods. garmoxanthone exhibited strong inhibitory activities against mrsa atcc 43300 and mrsa cgmcc 1.12409 (with mic values of both 3.9 μg/ml) and moderate activities against tested strains of vibrio (with mic values ranging from 15.6 to 31.2 μg/ml). garmoxanthone is a unique xanthone dimer with li ...201729132213
mangostanaxanthone vii, a new cytotoxic xanthone from garcinia mangostana.garcinia mangostana l. (the queen of fruits, mangosteen, family guttiferae) is a wealthy source of xanthones. the chcl3 soluble fraction of the air-dried pericarps of g. mangostana provided a new xanthone: mangostanaxanthone vii (5), along with four known xanthones: mangostanaxanthones i (1) and ii (2), gartanin (3) and γ-mangostin (4). the structural verification of these metabolites was achieved by different spectral techniques, including uv, ir, 1d and 2d nmr and hresims. the new metabolite w ...201729116938
garcinia mangostana linn displays antidepressant-like and pro-cognitive effects in a genetic animal model of depression: a bio-behavioral study in the flinders sensitive line rat.there is abundant evidence for both disorganized redox balance and cognitive deficits in major depressive disorder (mdd). garcinia mangostana linn (gm) has anti-oxidant activity. we studied the antidepressant-like and pro-cognitive effects of raw gm rind in flinders sensitive line (fsl) rats, a genetic model of depression, following acute and chronic treatment compared to a reference antidepressant, imipramine (imi). the chemical composition of the gm extract was analysed for levels of α- and γ- ...201729101602
asymmetric dumbbell-shaped silver nanoparticles and spherical gold nanoparticles green-synthesized by mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) pericarp waste extracts.mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) pericarp waste extract was used to synthesize gold and silver nanoparticles by a green strategy. the extract was both a reducing and stabilizing agent during synthesis. phytochemical screening of the extract was conducted to obtain information regarding the presence/absence of primary and secondary metabolites in the extract. the in vitro antioxidant activity results demonstrated that the extract had excellent antioxidant activity, which was comparable to a stand ...201729066885
synergism between α-mangostin and trail induces apoptosis in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity through the mitochondrial pathway.mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) is a tree found in south-east asia and the pericarp of its fruit has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of many human illnesses. mangosteen fruit rinds contain a high concentration of xanthone, which is a type of polyphenol. one type of xanthone, α-mangostin, has been reported to exert chemopreventive effects against chemically-induced colon cancer through the decrease of c-myc expression, suppressing tumor growth in a mouse model of mammary cancer. a r ...201729039600
protective effects of compounds from garcinia mangostana l. (mangosteen) against uvb damage in hacat cells and hairless mice.ultraviolet b (uvb) radiation causes alterations in the skin, such as epidermal thickening, wrinkle formation and inflammation. therefore, preventing uvb-induced skin damage can promote general health among the human population. garcinia mangostana l. (mangosteen) is a fruit that has become a popular botanical dietary supplement because of its perceived role in promoting overall health. the present study investigated the photoprotective effects of α-, β-, γ-mangostins and gartanin against uvb ra ...201729039482
metabolic profiling of garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) based on ripening stages.metabolomics is an emerging research field based on exhaustive metabolite profiling that have been proven useful to facilitate the study of postharvest fruit development and ripening. specifically, tracking changes to the metabolome as fruit ripens should provide important clues for understanding ripening mechanisms and identify bio-markers to improve post-harvest technology of fruits. this study conducted a time-course metabolome analysis in mangosteen, an economically important tropical fruit ...201728970109
the potential of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) peel extract, combined with demineralized freeze-dried bovine bone xenograft, to reduce ridge resorption and alveolar bone regeneration in preserving the tooth extraction socket.following the extraction of a tooth, bone resorption can cause significant problems for a subsequent denture implant and restorative dentistry. thus, the tooth extraction socket needs to be maintained to reduce the chance of any alveolar ridge bone resorption.201728936043
garcinone e induces apoptosis and inhibits migration and invasion in ovarian cancer cells.ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecological malignant tumor. in this study, 24 xanthones were isolated and identified from the pericarps of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana), and their anti-proliferative activities were tested in ovarian cancer cells. garcinone e (ge) was found to exhibit excellent anti-proliferative effects among the tested xanthones. it significantly inhibited the proliferation in hey, a2780, and a2780/taxol cells as evidenced by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphen ...201728878295
alpha-mangostin inhibits both dengue virus production and cytokine/chemokine expression.since severe dengue virus (denv) infection in humans associates with both high viral load and massive cytokine production - referred to as "cytokine storm", an ideal drug for treatment of denv infection should efficiently inhibit both virus production and cytokine expression. in searching for such an ideal drug, we discovered that α-mangostin (α-mg), a major bioactive compound purified from the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit (garcinia mangostana linn), which has been used in traditional medici ...201728864423
rna-seq assembly and analysis of garcinia mangostana transcriptome during seed germination.garcinia mangostana is a tropical fruit plant rich in antioxidant and bears recalcitrant seeds. the extent of water loss and low temperature tolerable by recalcitrant seed varies from regular orthodox seeds. present study generates transcriptome resources for g. mangostana to postulate potential transcriptome differences between recalcitrant and orthodox seeds during seed germination process. raw reads of pooled samples used for the assembly have been deposited in genbank accession srr5412332.201728861452
alpha-mangostin protects rat articular chondrocytes against il-1β-induced inflammation and slows the progression of osteoarthritis in a rat model.osteoarthritis (oa) is a joint disease characterized by inflammation and cartilage degradation. α-mangostin (α-mg), which can be isolated from the fruit of the tropical evergreen tree garcinia mangostana-l, is known to have anti-inflammatory properties. the aim of the study was to investigate the use of α-mg in the treatment of oa, using both rat chondrocytes and an oa rat model induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (dmm). rat chondrocytes were pretreated with α-mg (0, 1.25, 2.5, and ...201728858724
medicinal properties of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.): a comprehensive update.garcinia mangostana l. (clusiaceae) is a tropical tree native to southeast asia known as mangosteen which fruits possess a distinctive and pleasant taste that has granted them the epithet of "queen of the fruits". the seeds and pericarps of the fruit have a long history of use in the traditional medicinal practices of the region, and beverages containing mangosteen pulp and pericarps are sold worldwide as nutritional supplements. the main phytochemicals present in the species are isoprenylated x ...201728842267
α, γ-mangostins induce autophagy and show synergistic effect with gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cell lines.pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal and aggressive cancers in the world. however, no effective treatment is currently available for pancreatic cancer. the objective of this study was to determine the anti-pancreatic cancer effect of α-mangostin (αm) and γ-mangostin (γm) extracted from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana l.. both αm and γm reduced the viability of pancreatic cancer cells mia paca-2 and panc-1 in a dose-dependent manner. these compounds induced apoptosis by increasing c-pa ...201728822990
identification of lead molecules in garcinia mangostana l. against pancreatic cholesterol esterase activity: an in silico approach.hypercholesterolemia is one of the major risk factors for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. hence, inhibitors of cholesterol absorption have been investigated for decades as a strategy to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases associated with hypercholesterolemia. cholesterol esterase (cease) in pancreatic juice plays a vital role in the hydrolysis of dietary cholesterol esters to cholesterol and fatty acids. since inhibition of cease might lead to a reduction of cholesterol ...201728741279
acetyl- and o-alkyl- derivatives of β-mangostin from garcinia mangostana and their anti-inflammatory activities.pure β-mangostin (1) was isolated from the stem bark of garcinia mangostana l. one monoacetate (2) and five o-alkylated β-mangostin derivatives (3-7) were synthesised from β-mangostin. the structures of these compounds were elucidated and determined using spectroscopic techniques such as 1d nmr and ms. the cytotoxicities and anti-inflammatory activities of these five compounds against raw cell 264.7 were tested. the structural-activity relationship studies indicated that β-mangostin showed a sig ...201728715912
review of garcinia mangostana and its xanthones in metabolic syndrome and related complications.metabolic syndrome is coexistence of abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension that causes cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and their complications, low quality and short lifespan. garcinia mangostana and its xanthones such as α-mangostin have been shown desirable effects such as anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-dyslipidemia, anti-diabetic and antiinflammatory effects in experimental studies. various databases such as pubmed, scopus and web of science with keywords ...201728656594
mangosteen extract prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by suppressing nf-κb activation and inflammation.in this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of mangosteen extract (mge) on dextran sulfate sodium (dss)-induced colitis in mice and nuclear factor (nf)-κb pathway modulation were investigated. acute colitis was induced by administering 3% dss in drinking water for 7 days, and three groups of institute of cancer research mice were treated with 30 and 120 mg/kg mge or 5-aminosalicylic acid for 7 days; an additional two groups of mice served as healthy and disease controls. the results indicated t ...201728654307
alpha-mangostin reverses multidrug resistance by attenuating the function of the multidrug resistance-linked abcg2 transporter.the atp-binding cassette (abc) drug transporter abcg2 can actively efflux a wide variety of chemotherapeutic agents out of cancer cells and subsequently reduce the intracellular accumulation of these drugs. therefore, the overexpression of abcg2 often contributes to the development of multidrug resistance (mdr) in cancer cells, which is one of the major obstacles to successful cancer chemotherapy. moreover, abcg2 is highly expressed in various tissues including the intestine and blood-brain barr ...201728641010
rna-seq analysis of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) fruit ripening.mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) is known for its delectable taste and contains high amount of xanthones which have been reported to possess anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and other bioactive properties. however, stage-specific regulation of mangosteen fruit ripening has never been studied in detail. we have performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis of three ripening stages (stage 0, 2 and 6) of mangosteen. we have obtained a raw data from six libraries through illumina hiseq 4000. a to ...201728560167
garcinia mangostana pericarp extract protects against oxidative stress and cardiovascular remodeling via suppression of p47phox and inos in nitric oxide deficient rats.nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-name)-induced hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling are associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. garcinia mangostana linn., has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. this study investigated whether g. mangostana pericarp extract (gme) could prevent l-name-induced hemodynamic alterations, cardiovascular remodeling, oxidative stress and inflammation in rats. male sprague-dawley rats were given 40mg/kg/day of l-name in ...201728455132
in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of α-mangostin on cholangiocarcinoma cells and allograftswe investigated the anti-cholangiocarcinoma effect of α-mangostin from garcinia mangostana pericarp extract (gm) in a human cholangiocarcinoma (cca) cell line and a hamster cca allograft model. in vitro, human cca cells were treated with gm at various concentrations and for different time periods; then cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis were evaluated using flow cytometry, and metastatic potential with wound healing assays. in vivo, hamster allografts were treated with gm, gemcitabine (positive con ...201728441703
antimicrobial effects of garcinia mangostana on cariogenic microorganisms.garcinia mangostana commonly called as mangosteen fruit has been used as an antibacterial agent since age old times. the mangosteen pericarp has proven to have antibacterial effect, but the effect of the same on cariogenic organisms has not been explored. the present study was an attempt to gain a better understanding of the antibacterial effect of mangosteen pericarp on the cariogenic bacteria, to unravel the therapeutic potential for the same.201728274037
antimalarial activity of garcinia mangostana l rind and its synergistic effect with artemisinin in vitro.malaria especially falciparum malaria still causes high morbidity and mortality in tropical countries. several factors have been linked to this situation and the most important one is the rapid spread of parasite resistance to the currently available antimalarials, including artemisinin. artemisinin is the main component of the currently recommended antimalarial, artemisinin based combination therapy (act), and it is a free radical generating antimalarial. garcinia mangostana l (mangosteen) rind ...201728241761
clinical and microbiological efficacy of 4% garcinia mangostana l. pericarp gel as local drug delivery in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a randomized, controlled clinical trial.the aim of the present study was to assess the periodontal status of individuals and the presence of red complex microorganisms (rcm), such as treponema denticola (td), porphyromonas gingivalis, and tannerella forsythia in the subgingival tissues of periodontitis patients before and after the application of 4% mangostana gel (garcinia mangostana [mga]) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (srp).201728321995
pharmacology of mangostins and their derivatives: a comprehensive review.mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn.) is a well-known tropical tree indigenous to southeast asia. its fruit's pericarp abounds with a class of isoprenylated xanthones which are referred as mangostins. numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that mangostins and their derivatives possess diverse pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic activities as well as neuroprotective properties in alzheimer's disease (ad). this r ...201728284429
unraveling the inhibition mechanism of cyanidin-3-sophoroside on polyphenol oxidase and its effect on enzymatic browning of apples.the hunt for anti-browning agents in the food and agricultural industries aims to minimize nutritional loss and prolong post harvest storage. in the present study, the effect of cyanidin-3-sophoroside (cs) from garcinia mangostana rind, on polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activity was investigated. the non-competitive inhibition mode of cs was determined by lineweaver burk plot. cs forms a ground-state complex by quenching the intrinsic fluorescence of ppo. the static quenching was temperature-dependent ...201728274409
anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity of xanthones obtained via semi-synthetic modification of α-mangostin from garcinia mangostana.the microbial contamination in food packaging has been a major concern that has paved the way to search for novel, natural anti-microbial agents, such as modified α-mangostin. in the present study, twelve synthetic analogs were obtained through semi-synthetic modification of α-mangostin by ritter reaction, reduction by palladium-carbon (pd-c), alkylation, and acetylation. the evaluation of the anti-microbial potential of the synthetic analogs showed higher bactericidal activity than the parent m ...201728208680
new xanthones and cytotoxic constituents from garcinia mangostana fruit hulls against human hepatocellular, breast, and colorectal cancer cell lines.cancer has proceeded to surpass one of the most chronic illnesses to be the major cause of mortality in both the developing and developed world. garcinia mangostana l. (mangosteen, family guttiferae) known as the queen of fruits, is one of the most popular tropical fruits. it is cultivated in southeast asian countries: malaysia, indonesia, sri lanka, burma, thailand, and philippines. traditionally, numerous parts of g. mangostana have been utilized to treat various ailments such as abdominal pai ...201728108382
isogarcinol extracted from garcinia mangostana l. ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice.isogarcinol (ydis), a natural compound extracted from garcinia mangostana l., has a significant immunosuppressive effect on systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. this paper reports that it reduced imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice. it strongly attenuated the aberrant proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes. moreover, the expression of genes involving the interleukin-23 (il-23)/t-helper 17 (th17) axis was significantly inhibited in the dorsal skin o ...201728081600
mangostanaxanthones iii and iv: advanced glycation end-product inhibitors from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana.advanced glycation end-products (ages) are associated with a non-enzymatic reaction between the amino group of a protein and the carbonyl group of a sugar during hyperglycemia. the precipitation of ages in different tissues leads to many complications, such as endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular complications, atherosclerosis, retinopathy, neuropathy, and alzheimer's disease. garcinia mangostana l. (clusiaceae) (gm) was selected owing to the ability of its polar and non-polar fractions to in ...201727738860
food safety in thailand. 3: pesticide residues detected in mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.), queen of fruits.for developing countries like thailand, regulation of pesticide usage exists, but it is not fully enforced. therefore, pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits have not been well monitored. this study aimed to determine the pesticide residues in mangosteen fruits sold in thailand. the mangosteen samples (n = 111) were purchased and the contents of 28 pesticides were analysed by gc-ms/ms method.201727185538
garcinone d, a natural xanthone promotes c17.2 neural stem cell proliferation: possible involvement of stat3/cyclin d1 pathway and nrf2/ho-1 pathway.garcinia mangostana l. (mangosteen) has been used to treat various pathological conditions, including inflammation and urinary tract infections. here, we observed that garcinone d, a natural xanthone from mangosteen, promoted the proliferation of c17.2 neural progenitor cells and also resulted in a larger percentage of cells in s phase compared with the control group. moreover, garcinone d increased the protein levels of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-stat3) ...201627177723
acute garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) supplementation does not alleviate physical fatigue during exercise: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.the purple mangosteen (garcinia mangostana), known as the "queen of fruit," is widely consumed and unique not only because of its outstanding appearance and flavor but also its remarkable and diverse pharmacological effects. the aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of acute mangosteen supplementation on physical fatigue during exercise.201627152103
gartanin, an isoprenylated xanthone from the mangosteen fruit (garcinia mangostana), is an androgen receptor degradation enhancer.androgen receptor (ar) has been a target of prostate cancer for nearly seven decades. in the last several years there has been an interest in identifying compounds that promote degradation of the androgen receptor. in the present study, gartanin, an isoprentylated xanthone in the mangosteen fruit, was evaluated for enhancing ar degradation, and inducing the unfolded protein response pathway.201627019217
dna-seq analysis of garcinia mangostana.mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn.) is a tropical tree mainly found in south east asia and considered as "the queen of fruits". the asexually produced fruit is dark purple or reddish in color, with white flesh which is slightly acidic with sweet flavor and a pleasant aroma. the purple pericarp tissue is rich in xanthones which are useful for medical purposes. we performed the first genome sequencing of this commercially important fruit tree to study its genome composition and attempted draft ...201626981362
antitumor and apoptosis-inducing effects of α-mangostin extracted from the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit (garcinia mangostana l.)in yd-15 tongue mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells.α-mangostin is a dietary xanthone which has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-allergic, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects in various types of human cancer cells. in the present study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the apoptosis-inducing effects of α-mangostin on yd-15 tongue mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells. the results from mtt assays revealed that cell proliferation significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner in the cell ...201626951885
a novel biological role of α-mangostin in modulating inflammatory response through the activation of sirt-1 signaling pathway.several studies have shown that xanthones obtained from garcinia mangostana (gm) have remarkable biological activities. α-mangostin (α-mg) is the main constituent of the fruit hull of the gm. several findings have suggested that sirt-1, a nuclear histone deacetylase, could influence cellular function by the inhibition of nf-kb signaling. ros can inhibit sirt-1 activity by initiating oxidative modifications on its cysteine residues, and suppression of sirt-1 enhances the nf-κb signaling resulting ...201626895796
antiproliferative and apoptosis induction of α-mangostin in t47d breast cancer cells.α-mangostin extracted from mangosteen, garcinia mangostana linn. is known as 'queen of fruits'. the anticancer activity of α-mangostin through apoptosis induction and related signaling pathways in human breast cancer t47d cells was investigated. human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signaling have been shown to play important roles in apoptosis. the results showed that α-mangostin induced cell proliferation inhibition, dna fragmentation, nucl ...201626892433
plant polyphenols to enhance the nutritional and sensory properties of chocolates.a relatively unexplored method to enhance the sensory and nutritional properties of chocolate is to use plant polyphenols. in this study, a low cost agricultural waste product - mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn.) pericarp - was added as powder in graded amounts (1%, 2% and 3%w/w) to dark and compound chocolates during the mixing stage and evaluated. the particle size distributions of the chocolates were mostly within 30 μm and the chocolates displayed a homogeneous morphology. the polyphenol ...201626830559
screening of mammalian dna polymerase and topoisomerase inhibitors from garcinia mangostana l. and analysis of human cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis.we purified and identified eight xanthones from mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) and investigated whether these compounds inhibited the activities of mammalian dna polymerases (pols) and human dna topoisomerases (topos). β-mangostin was the strongest inhibitor of both mammalian pols and human topos among the isolated xanthones, with 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) values of 6.4-39.6 and 8.5-10 µm, respectively. thermal transition analysis indicated that β-mangostin did not directly bind t ...201626781450
a new megastigmane sulphoglycoside and polyphenolic constituents from pericarps of garcinia mangostana.a megastigmane sulphoglycoside together with three phenolic compounds were isolated from the water-soluble fraction of the pericarps of garcinia mangostana. the structure of the new compound was determined as 4-o-sulpho-β-d-glucopyranosyl abscisate (1) by spectroscopic data. proanthocyanidin a2 (2) showed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory and dpph scavenging activities with ic50 values of 3.46 and 11.6 μm, respectively.201626727880
mangosteen extract attenuates the metabolic disorders of high-fat-fed mice by activating ampk.this study investigated the effects of mangosteen on metabolic syndromes in high-fat (hf) diet-fed mice and the underlying mechanisms related to adipogenesis. mangosteen-supplemented mice gained significantly less body weight, compared with the hf group. the levels were markedly elevated in hf mice for serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (ldl) cholesterol, and free fatty acid; whereas these ...201626452017
depigmentation of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-treated melanoma cells by β-mangostin is mediated by selective autophagy.melanogenesis is a key pathway for the regulation of skin pigmentation and the development of skin-lightening/skin-whitening drugs or cosmetics. in this study, we found that β-mangostin from seedcases of garcinia mangostana inhibited α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-msh)-mediated melanogenesis in b16f10 melanoma cells and a three-dimensional human skin model. β-mangostin significantly inhibited the protein level of tyrosinase induced by α-msh in ups (ubiquitin proteasome system)-independent a ...201627714857
de novo transcriptome assembly of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) fruit.garcinia mangostana l. (mangosteen), of the family clusiaceae, is one of the economically important tropical fruits in indonesia. in the present study, we performed de novo transcriptomic analysis of garcinia mangostana l. through rna-seq technology. we obtained the raw data from 12 libraries through ion proton system. clean reads of 191,735,809 were obtained from 307,634,890 raw reads. the raw data obtained in this study can be accessible in ddbj database with accession number of dra005014 with ...201627668185
phenolics from garcinia mangostana alleviate exaggerated vasoconstriction in metabolic syndrome through direct vasodilatation and nitric oxide generation.exaggerated vasoconstriction plays a very important role in the hypertension, a major component of metabolic syndrome (mets). in the current work, the potential protective effect of methanol extract of fruit hulls of garcinia mangostana l. on the exaggerated vasoconstriction in mets has been investigated. in addition, the bioactive fraction and compounds as well as the possible mechanism of action have been illustrated.201627618982
dataset of ssr markers for issr-suppression-pcr to detect genetic variation in garcinia mangostana l. in peninsular malaysia.in this dataset, we present 15 simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers with the motifs (ac)n, (ga)n, and (ac)n(ag)n using a issr-suppression-pcr technique in order to discriminate garcinia mangostana from diverse geographical origins in peninsular malaysia. a few loci showed differences between 3 and 6 bp in allele size, indicating that there are some polymorphisms between individuals correlating to the number of ssr repeats that may be useful for differentiate of genotypes. collectively, these dat ...201627617279
antimicrobial and quorum sensing inhibitory activities of the pericarp of garcinia mangostana.a prenylated xanthone, α-mangostin was separated from the alcoholic extract of garcinia mangostana pericarp. its structure was established by different spectroscopic analysis. the total methanolic extract (tme) and different fractions of g. mangostana pericarp as well as α-mangostin were assessed for their antimicrobial and quorum sensing inhibitory effects (qsi). the tme, chcl3 fraction, and α-mangostin exhibited strong activity against all tested strains. while, etoac, n-buoh, and aqueous frac ...201627592485
α-mangostin extraction from the native mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) and the binding mechanisms of α-mangostin to hsa or trf.in order to obtain the biological active compound, α-mangostin, from the traditional native mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.), an extraction method for industrial application was explored. a high yield of α-mangostin (5.2%) was obtained by extraction from dried mangosteen pericarps with subsequent purification on macroporous resin hpd-400. the chemical structure of α-mangostin was verified mass spectrometry (ms), nuclear magnetic resonance (1h nmr and 13c nmr), infrared spectroscopy (ir) and u ...201627584012
nitric oxide inhibitory xanthones from the pericarps of garcinia mangostana.mangosteen (garcinia mangostana, clusiaceae) is called "queen of fruit" in southeast asia. in the current study, three dimeric xanthones, garcinoxanthones a-c, and four monomeric xanthones, garcinoxanthones d-g, together with 18 known xanthones, were isolated from the pericarps of g. mangostana, collected in thailand. the structures of garcinoxanthones a-g were elucidated by analysis of their 1d and 2d nmr and other spectroscopic data, and their absolute configurations were determined by the cd ...201627561254
efficacy and tolerability of meratrim for weight management: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in healthy overweight human subjects.meratrim is a blend of two plant extracts obtained from sphaeranthus indicus flower heads and garcinia mangostana fruit rinds. previous studies have demonstrated that meratrim is effective for weight management in obese individuals. the objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of meratrim in managing body weight in healthy overweight subjects.201627558585
bioactivity-guided identification of botanical inhibitors of ketohexokinase.in developed countries with westernized diets, the excessive consumption of added sugar in beverages and highly refined and processed foods is associated with increased risk for obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. as a major constituent of added sugars, fructose has been shown to cause a variety of adverse metabolic effects, such as impaired insulin sensitivity, hypertriglyceridemia, and oxidative stress. recent studies have shown that ketohexokinase isoform c is the key enzyme respo ...201627322374
dataset of fourier transform-infrared coupled with chemometric analysis used to distinguish accessions of garcinia mangostana l. in peninsular malaysia.in this dataset, we distinguish 15 accessions of garcinia mangostana from peninsular malaysia using fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis. we found that the position and intensity of characteristic peaks at 3600-3100 cm(-) (1) in ir spectra allowed discrimination of g. mangostana from different locations. further principal component analysis (pca) of all the accessions suggests the two main clusters were formed: samples from johor, melaka, and negeri sembilan ...201627257614
hypoglycaemic activity of ethanolic extract of garcinia mangostana linn. in normoglycaemic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.various parts of garcinia mangostana linn., including its pericarp, have been traditionally used to treat a variety of ailments. in an attempt to establish its medicinal value, the present study was carried out to determine the hypoglycaemic potential of g. mangostana pericarp ethanolic extract (gme) using the streptozotocin-induced (stz) diabetic rats.201627208974
extraction of anthocyanins from pericarp and lipids from seeds of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) by ultrasound-assisted extraction (uae) and evaluation of pericarp extract enriched functional ice-cream.ultrasound-assisted extraction (uae) was used to extract the anthocyanins from pericarp and lipids from the seeds of mangosteen. the optimum time for extraction of anthocyanin by maceration method and shaking water bath was 6 and 4 h, respectively, whereas, it was 5 min only for ultrasonic assisted extraction method. the anthocyanin content, extracted by uae, was 23.54 mg cyn-3-glu/100 g. the regression equation derived by response surface methodology (rsm), was used to predict the anthocyanin c ...201628017996
alpha-mangostin from mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn.) pericarp extract reduces high fat-diet induced hepatic steatosis in rats by regulating mitochondria function and apoptosis.non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) is caused by multiple factors including hepatic oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. obesity is among the risk factors for nafld alongside type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. α- mangostin (α-mg) extracts from the pericarps of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn.) may regulate high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis; however the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. the aim of this study was to investigate the regulator ...201627980597
amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by isogarcinol extracted from garcinia mangostana l. mangosteen.isogarcinol is a new natural immunosuppressant that was extracted from garcinia mangostana l. in our laboratory. knowledge of its effects on treatable diseases and its mechanism of action is still very limited. in this study, we explored the therapeutic effect of isogarcinol in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), a murine model of multiple sclerosis (ms). treatment with oral 100 mg/kg isogarcinol markedly ameliorated clinical scores, alleviated inflammation and demyelination of the ...201627933873
rumen microorganisms, methane production, and microbial protein synthesis affected by mangosteen peel powder supplement in lactating dairy cows.four crossbred dairy cows (50 % holstein-friesian × 50 % thai native), 404 ± 50.0 kg of body weight (4 years old) and 90 ± 5 day in milk with daily milk production of 9 ± 2.0 kg/day, were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 latin square design to study the effect of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) peel powder (msp) supplementation on rumen microorganisms, methane production, and microbial protein synthesis fed concentrate containing yeast fermented cassava chip protein (yefecap). the treatme ...201626885988
dna protection against oxidative damage using the hydroalcoholic extract of garcinia mangostana and alpha-mangostin.garcinia mangostana, popularly known as "mangosteen fruit," originates from southeast asia and came to brazil about 80 years ago where it mainly grows in the states of pará and bahia. although mangosteen or its extracts have been used for ages in asian folk medicine, data on its potential genotoxicity is missing. we, therefore, evaluated genotoxicity/mutagenicity of hydroethanolic mangosteen extract [hegm, 10 to 640 μg/ml] in established test assays (comet assay, micronucleus test, and salmonell ...201627042187
natural xanthones from garcinia mangostana with multifunctional activities for the therapy of alzheimer's disease.natural xanthones have diversity pharmacological activities. here, a series of xanthones isolated from the pericarps of garcinia mangostana linn, named α-mangostin, 8-deoxygartanin, gartanin, garciniafuran, garcinone c, garcinone d, and γ-mangostin were investigated. biological screening performed in vitro and in escherichia coli cells indicated that most of the xanthones exhibited significant inhibition of self-induced β-amyloid (aβ) aggregation and also β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleavin ...201627038926
in vivo antibacterial activity of garcinia mangostana pericarp extract against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in a mouse superficial skin infection model.garcinia mangostana linn. (guttiferae) (gm) pericarp has been shown to exhibit good in vitro antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa); however, there is currently no available information regarding its in vivo antibacterial activity.201627180784
synergism and the mechanism of action of the combination of α-mangostin isolated from garcinia mangostana l. and oxacillin against an oxacillin-resistant staphylococcus saprophyticus.globally, staphylococci have developed resistance to many antibiotics. new approaches to chemotherapy are needed and one such approach could be to use plant derived actives with conventional antibiotics in a synergestic way. the purpose of this study was to isolate α-mangostin from the mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.; gml) and investigate antibacterial activity and mechanisms of action when used singly and when combined with oxacillin against oxacillin-resistant staphylococcus saprophyticus ( ...201627566110
phenolics from garcinia mangostana inhibit advanced glycation endproducts formation: effect on amadori products, cross-linked structures and protein thiols.accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (ages) in body tissues plays a major role in the development of diabetic complications. here, the inhibitory effect of bioactive metabolites isolated from fruit hulls of garcinia mangostana on age formation was investigated through bio-guided approach using aminoguanidine (ag) as a positive control. including g. mangostana total methanol extract (gmt) in the reaction mixture of bovine serum albumin (bsa) and glucose or ribose inhibited the fluoresce ...201626907243
current trends of tropical fruit waste utilization.recent rapid growth of the world's population has increased food demands. this phenomenon poses a great challenge for food manufacturers in maximizing the existing food or plant resources. nowadays, the recovery of health benefit bioactive compounds from fruit wastes is a research trend not only to help minimize the waste burden, but also to meet the intensive demand from the public for phenolic compounds which are believed to have protective effects against chronic diseases. this review is focu ...201627246698
a method of effectively improved α-mangostin bioavailability.α-mangostin, a major xanthone isolated from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects. its absolute bioavailability is low, with minimal oral absorption. in this article, a soft capsule, with vegetable oil as the dispersion matrix, was prepared to improve the bioavailability of α-mangostin. its pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution were determined in rats. an hplc assay was established to determine the concentration of α-mangostin in biological samp ...201625990757
erratum for: different ways to on-line hyphenate centrifugal partition chromatography and mass spectrometry: application to prenylated xanthones from garcinia mangostana. 201525703024
the new immunosuppressant, isogarcinol, binds directly to its target enzyme calcineurin, unlike cyclosporin a and tacrolimus.isogarcinol, a bioactive polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivative isolated from garcinia mangostana l., has been shown previously to exert a strong inhibitory effect on calcineurin and is thus a potential oral, low-toxicity immunomodulatory drug. in the present study, enzyme kinetic analysis showed that inhibition of calcineurin by isogarcinol was competitive. fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that isogarcinol bound to calcineurin. isothermal titration calorimetry showed that binding was main ...201525701551
safety and toxicological evaluation of meratrim®: an herbal formulation for weight management.meratrim is a unique dietary ingredient consisting of extracts from sphaeranthus indicus flower heads and garcinia mangostana fruit rind. clinical studies have demonstrated that meratrim is effective and well-tolerated in weight management. herein we assessed the broad spectrum safety of meratrim in a battery of in vitro and animal toxicological studies including a sub-chronic repeated-dose 13-week oral toxicity study to determine the no-observable-adverse-effect-level (noael). the ld50 levels o ...201525680508
the inhibitory activity of aldose reductase in vitro by constituents of garcinia mangostana linn.we investigated aldose reductase inhibition of garcinia mangostana linn. from indonesia. dichloromethane extract of the root bark of this tree was found to demonstrate an ic50 value of 11.98 µg/ml for human aldose reductase in vitro. from the dichloromethane fraction, prenylated xanthones were isolated as potent human aldose reductase inhibitors. we discovered 3-isomangostin to be most potent against aldose reductase, with an ic50 of 3.48 µm.201525636870
different ways to on-line hyphenate centrifugal partition chromatography and mass spectrometry: application to prenylated xanthones from garcinia mangostana.centrifugal partition chromatography is a liquid-liquid separation method well adapted for the fractionation or purification of natural compounds from plant extracts. however, following the preparative isolation, the fractions collected must be analysed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography to evaluate their composition and/or their purity. these additional steps are time-consuming and increase the risk of compound degradation. in order to get an ...201525615274
functional beverage of garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) enhances plasma antioxidant capacity in healthy adults.this study was to investigate the absorption and antioxidant effect of a mangosteen-based functional beverage in humans. the beverage contained mangosteen, aloe vera, green tea, and multivitamins. a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted with generally healthy male and female subjects between 18 and 60 years of age. ten men and 10 women participated in this study. participants were randomly divided into two groups, treatment and placebo group. participants rece ...201525649891
new insights into the anti-obesity activity of xanthones from garcinia mangostana.obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. this condition, and its related diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, have become major public health challenges. fruits are important dietary components, and bioactive constituents from fruits are considered to be a promising source for developing effective and safe anti-obesity drugs. garcinia mangostana linn. (clusiaceae) is a tropical evergreen tree, and its fruit, mangosteen, is called 'queen of fruit'. the pericarp of g. ...201525520256
two new xanthones from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana.two new xanthones, designated garcimangosxanthone f (1) and garcimangosxanthone g (2), were isolated from the etoac-soluble fraction of ethanolic extract from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana. their structures were established as 1,6,7-trihydroxy-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-6',6'-dimethylpyrano[2',3':3,2]xanthone and 1,6,7-trihydroxy-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-6',6'-dimethyl-4',5'-dihydropyrano[2',3':3,2]xanthone, respectively, on the basis of th ...201525299822
antibacterial activity of garcinia mangostana extracts on oral pathogens.this study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity of garcinia mangostana (gm) extracts on oral pathogens.201525299359
quantitative analysis of α-mangostin in hydrophilic ointment using near-infrared spectroscopy.the objective of this research was to quantify the α-mangostin content in mangosteen pericarp (mp) ointment as a colloidal dispersion using near-infrared (nir) spectroscopy. various concentrations of mp (ip and ep) ointments containing both internal and external pericarps were prepared and the nir spectra of these ointments were measured. the nir spectrum of each ointment was correlated with α-mangostin concentration by partial least square (pls) regression. validation of the models was performe ...201524517571
mucoadhesive electrospun chitosan-based nanofibre mats for dental caries prevention.the mucoadhesive electrospun nanofibre mats were developed using chitosan (cs) and thiolated chitosan (cs-sh) as mucoadhesive polymers. garcinia mangostana (gm) extract was incorporated into nanofibre mats. the antibacterial activity in the single and combined agents was evaluated against dental caries pathogens. the morphology of mats was observed using sem. the mats were evaluated for gm extract amount, mucoadhesion, in vitro release, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity. the mucoadhesion a ...201525498719
chemistry of α-mangostin. studies on the semisynthesis of minor xanthones from garcinia mangostana.α-mangostin is the major prenylated xanthone from garcinia mangostana and it has been used also in recent times as starting material for the semisynthetic preparation of various biologically active derivatives. its structure is characterised by the presence of few functional groups amenable to chemical manipulations, but present in the molecule in multiple instances (three phenolic hydroxyl groups, two prenyl chains and two unsubstituted aromatic carbons). this study represents a first approach ...201525482370
garcinia mangostana: a source of potential anti-cancer lead compounds against cem-ss cell line.our current interest in searching for natural anti-cancer lead compounds from plants has led us to the discovery that the stem and roots of garcinia mangostana can be a source of such compounds. the stem furnished 2,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-xanthone (1), which is a new xanthone. meanwhile, the root bark of the plant furnished six xanthones, namely alpha-mangostin (2), beta-mangostin (3), gamma-mangostin (4), garcinone d (5), mangostanol (6), and gartanin (7). the hexane and c ...201518464091
antibacterial compounds from propolis of tetragonula laeviceps and tetrigona melanoleuca (hymenoptera: apidae) from thailand.this study investigated the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of propolis collected from two stingless bee species tetragonula laeviceps and tetrigona melanoleuca (hymenoptera: apidae). six xanthones, one triterpene and one lignane were isolated from tetragonula laeviceps propolis. triterpenes were the main constituents in t. melanoleuca propolis. the ethanol extract and isolated compounds from t. laeviceps propolis showed a higher antibacterial activity than those of t. melanoleuc ...201525992582
molecular weight, protein binding affinity and methane mitigation of condensed tannins from mangosteen-peel (garcinia mangostana l).the objectives of this study were to determine the molecular weight of condensed tannins (ct) extracted from mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l) peel, its protein binding affinity and effects on fermentation parameters including total gas, methane (ch4) and volatile fatty acids (vfa) production. the average molecular weight (mw) of the purified ct was 2,081 da with a protein binding affinity of 0.69 (the amount needed to bind half the maximum bovine serum albumin). in vitro gas production decline ...201526323400
anti-biofilm activity of α-mangostin isolated from garcinia mangostana l.this study was carried out to further examine the anti-biofilm activity of α-mangostin (αmg) isolated from garcinia mangostana l. grown in vietnam, against a strongly biofilm producing streptococcus mutans, a major causative agent of dental caries. the obtained data indicated that topical applications (twice-daily, 60 s exposure each) of 150 μm αmg during biofilm formation on the surfaces of hydroxyapatite disks (sha) by s. mutans ua159 resulted in 30.7% reduction in biofilm accumulation after 6 ...201526618571
anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of garcinia mangostana extract in hamster opisthorchiasis.administration of praziquantel for treatment of liver fluke infection may affect the host, with mild and severe effects after treatment caused by host immune response. therefore, we focused on the antioxidant property, inflammatory and anthelmintic effects of the traditional folk medicine, g. mangostana pericarp extract, in hamster opisthorchiasis. syrian hamsters were divided into four groups: normal (control) (n); administered g. mangostana alone (gm); infected with opisthorchis viverrini alon ...201525836376
in vivo antimalarial activity of α-mangostin and the new xanthone δ-mangostin.based on the previously reported in vitro antiplasmodial activity of several xanthones from garcinia mangostana, two xanthones, α-mangostin and a new compound, δ-mangostin, were isolated from mangosteen husk, and the in vitro antiplasmodial and cytotoxic effects were determined. α-mangostin was more active against the resistant plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistant (fcr3) strain (ic50  = 0.2 ± 0.01 μm) than δ-mangostin (ic50  = 121.2 ± 1.0 μm). furthermore, the therapeutic response accordi ...201525943035
effect of different levels of mangosteen peel powder supplement on the performance of dairy cows fed concentrate containing yeast fermented cassava chip protein.this study aimed to investigate the effect of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) peel powder (msp) supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and milk production in lactating dairy cows fed a concentrate containing yeast fermented cassava chip protein (yefecap). four crossbred dairy cows (50 % holstein-friesian and 50 % thai native breed) in mid-lactation, 404 ± 50.0 kg of body weight and 90 ± 5 day in milk with daily milk production of 9 ± 2.0 kg/day, were rando ...201526205904
neuroprotective effects of alpha-mangostin on mpp(+)-induced apoptotic cell death in neuroblastoma sh-sy5y cells.in vitro studies have shown that extracts from mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn.) act as antioxidants and cytoprotective agents against oxidative damage. the protective effect of alpha-mangostin, the major xanthone found in the pericarp of the mangosteen, in cellular models of parkinson's disease (pd), has not been investigated. this study aims to investigate whether alpha-mangostin could protect sh-sy5y neuroblastoma cells from mpp(+)-induced apoptosis. the effects of alpha-mangostin on mpp ...201526357513
α- and γ-mangostin cause shape changes, inhibit aggregation and induce cytolysis of rat platelets.α- and γ-mangostin are natural xanthones isolated from mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) and the major constituents responsible for the plant's diverse biological activities. in this study, the effects of α- and γ-mangostin on platelets were investigated based on their possible antiplatelet activity. treatment of isolated platelets with α-mangostin resulted in attenuation of platelet aggregatory response to collagen, thrombin or adp. such antiaggregatory effects were concentration-dependent in ra ...201526343955
isogarcinol extracted from garcinia mangostana l. ameliorates systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease in a murine model.isogarcinol is a new immunosuppressant that we extracted from garcinia mangostana l. in the present study, we elucidate its beneficial effect in chronic graft-versus-host disease (cgvhd) in mice -- a model for systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) in human. the oral administration of 60 mg/kg isogarcinol significantly reduced proteinuria, corrected the abnormal serum biochemical indicator, and decreased the amount of serum antibodies and lowered the renal histopathology score. in addition, isogarci ...201526330173
daily consumption of a mangosteen-based drink improves in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) is a tropical fruit cultivated mainly in southeast asia. recent studies have shown mangosteen has many health benefits. in this study, we aimed to determine the effects of a mangosteen-based beverage on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and immunity biomarkers in plasma of healthy adults. a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted using 60 participants, 30 men, and 30 women, ages 18-60. participants were randomly divided into two ...201526286710
mangosteen pericarp extract inhibits the formation of pentosidine and ameliorates skin elasticity.the inhibition of advanced glycation end-products (ages) by daily meals is believed to become an effective prevention for lifestyle-related diseases. in the present study, the inhibitory effect of hot water extracts of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) pericarp (wem) on the formation of pentosidine, one of ages, in vitro and in vivo and the remedial effect on skin conditions were measured. wem significantly inhibited pentosidine formation during gelatin incubation with ribose. several compound ...201526236097
identification of hepatoprotective xanthones from the pericarps of garcinia mangostana, guided with tert-butyl hydroperoxide induced oxidative injury in hl-7702 cells.bioactivity-guided fractionation of an ethanol-soluble extract from the pericarps of garcinia mangostana, using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-bhp) induced oxidative damage in human normal hepatocytes (hl-7702), led to the identification of 10 known xanthones. among them, γ-mangostin (γ-man) exhibited the most potent activity to attenuate t-bhp induced hepatocyte injury. γ-man significantly ameliorated t-bhp induced reactive oxygen species accumulation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and cel ...201526189454
dose-independent adme properties and tentative identification of metabolites of α-mangostin from garcinia mangostana in mice by automated microsampling and uplc-ms/ms methods.the information about a marker compound's pharmacokinetics in herbal products including the characteristics of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (adme) is closely related to the efficacy/toxicity. also dose range and administration route are critical factors to determine the adme profiles. since the supply of a sufficient amount of a marker compound in in vivo study is still difficult, pharmacokinetic investigations which overcome the limit of blood collection in mice are desirable ...201526176540
polyphenolic constituents of the pericarp of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.).three new polyphenols, together with 14 known compounds, were isolated from a hot water extract of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) pericarp, a plant that has been used medicinally in southeast asia. the three new polyphenols were characterized as a 4-aryl-2-flavanylbenzopyran derivative (tentatively named gm-1), 1, 3,4,3',5'-tetrahydroxy-5-methoxybenzophenone (gm-2), 2, and 2,3-dihydrochromone derivative (gm-3), 3 on the basis of nmr and ms data. the relative stereostructure of gm-1 was assi ...201526023815
depositing α-mangostin nanoparticles to sebaceous gland area for acne treatment.although entrapment of nanoparticles of appropriate sizes at hair follicles has been clarified, there is no report on specific clinical application of this finding. since sebaceous gland is associated with hair follicle, we hypothesize that effective acne vulgaris treatment/prevention can be achieved by depositing anti-acne agent in nanoparticle form at the hair follicles. challenge of this strategy, however, lies at the finding of effective anti-acne particles with minimal skin irritation. here ...201526701606
proteomics analysis of antimalarial targets of garcinia mangostana linn.to investigate possible protein targets for antimalarial activity of garcinia mangostana linn. (g. mangostana) (pericarp) in 3d7 plasmodium falciparum clone using 2-dimensional electrophoresis and liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (lc/ms/ms).201425183269
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