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effects of aqueous extracts of taraxacum officinale on expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and intracellular adhesion molecule 1 in lps-stimulated rmmvecs.mastitis gives rise to big financial burden to farm industry (mainly dairy production) and public health. its incidence is currently high and therefore, highly effective treatments for therapy, especially with natural products are required. taraxacum officinale has been reported to use for anti-inflammation. however, its effect on endothelium during mastitis has not been reported.201728077102
the essential oil of monarda didyma l. (lamiaceae) exerts phytotoxic activity in vitro against various weed seed.the chemical composition of the essential oil of the flowering aerial parts of monarda didyma l. cultivated in central italy was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms). the major compounds of the oil were thymol (59.3%), p-cymene (10.3%), terpinolene (9.2%), δ-3-carene (4.4%), myrcene (3.7%), and camphene (3.4%). the essential oil was tested in vitro for its anti-germination activity against papaver rhoeas l., taraxacum officinale f. h. wigg., avena fatua l., raphanus sativus l ...201728157176
using plant wax markers to estimate the diet composition of grazing holstein dairy cows.the objective of this study was to test whether diet selection of dairy cows under grazing conditions could be estimated using plant wax markers. furthermore, differences between 2 cow strains and the effect of concentrate supplementation on plant species selection were investigated. the experiment was a study with a crossover design performed on an organic farm with 12 swiss holstein cows and 12 new zealand holstein cows. both experimental periods consisted of a 21-d adaptation and a 7-d measur ...201727939548
different anti-adipogenic effects of bio-compounds on primary visceral pre-adipocytes and adipocytes.several natural compounds exhibit strong capacity for decreasing triglyceride accumulation, enhancing lipolysis and inducing apoptosis. the present study reports the anti-adipogenic effects of silybum marianum (sl), citrus aurantium (ca), taraxacum officinale (to), resveratrol (re), curcuma longa (cu), caffeine (cf), oleuropein (ol) and docosahexaenoic acid (dha) in reducing differentiation and increasing lipolysis and apoptosis. analyses were performed on human primary visceral pre-adipocytes a ...201627540349
weeds ability to phytoremediate cadmium-contaminated soil.an alternative method to other technologies to clean up the soil, air and water pollution by heavy metals is phytoremediation. therefore, a pot culture experiment was conducted at the college of agriculture, ferdowsi university of mashhad, mashhad, iran, in 2014 to determine the potential absorption of cadmium by portulaca oleracea (common purslane), solanum nigrum (black nightshade), abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) and taraxacum officinale (dandelion). the type of experiment was completely ra ...201626125671
bee fauna and floral abundance within lawn-dominated suburban yards in springfield, ma.private yards comprise a significant component of urban lands, with managed lawns representing the dominant land cover. lawns blanket > 163,000 km(2) of the united states, and 50% of urban and suburban areas. when not treated with herbicides, lawns have the capacity to support a diversity of spontaneous (e.g., not planted) flowers, with the potential to provide nectar and pollen resources for pollinators such as native bees. in order to determine the extent to which suburban lawns support these ...201627651546
therapeutic potential of taraxacum officinale against hcv ns5b polymerase: in-vitro and in silico study.discovery of alternative and complementary regimens for hcv infection treatment is a need of time from clinical as well as economical point of views. low cost of bioactive natural compounds production, high biochemical diversity and inexistent/milder side effects contribute to new therapies. aim of this study is to clarify anti-hcv role of taraxacum officinale, a natural habitat plant rich of flavonoids. in this study, methanol extract of t. officinale leaves was initially analyzed for its cytot ...201627513212
characterisation of antimicrobial extracts from dandelion root (taraxacum officinale) using lc-spe-nmr.plant extracts have traditionally been used as sources of natural antimicrobial compounds, although in many cases, the compounds responsible for their antimicrobial efficacy have not been identified. in this study, crude and dialysed extracts from dandelion root (taraxacum officinale) were evaluated for their antimicrobial properties against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains. the methanol hydrophobic crude extract (dre3) demonstrated the strongest inhibition of microbial growth a ...201525644491
using dna metabarcoding to identify the floral composition of honey: a new tool for investigating honey bee foraging preferences.identifying the floral composition of honey provides a method for investigating the plants that honey bees visit. we compared melissopalynology, where pollen grains retrieved from honey are identified morphologically, with a dna metabarcoding approach using the rbcl dna barcode marker and 454-pyrosequencing. we compared nine honeys supplied by beekeepers in the uk. dna metabarcoding and melissopalynology were able to detect the most abundant floral components of honey. there was 92% corresponden ...201526308362
application of its2 metabarcoding to determine the provenance of pollen collected by honey bees in an agroecosystem. 201525606352
plants with potential use on obesity and its complications.obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disease and a growing public health problem worldwide. this disease is a causal component of the metabolic syndrome related with abnormalities, including hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, inflammation, among others. there are anti-obesity drugs, affecting the fundamental processes of the weight regulation; however they have shown serious side effects, which outweigh their beneficial effects. most recent studies on the treatment of obesity and it ...201526869866
in vitro and in vivo antimutagenic effects of dig, a herbal preparation of berberis vulgaris, taraxacum officinale and arctium lappa, against mitomycin c.dig, a liquid herbal preparation made from a mixture of diluted mother tinctures of berberis vulgaris, taraxacum officinale and arctium lappa, was assessed for its antimutagenic properties against mitomycin c. the micronucleus assay on chinese hamster ovary (cho)-k1 cells was used to evaluate the in vitro anticlastogenic activity of dig compared to those of separately diluted mother tinctures. the micronucleus assay was performed on mouse erythrocytes and the comet assay was performed on mouse l ...201525666712
traditional phytoremedies for the treatment of menstrual disorders in district udhampur, j&k, india.herbal remedies form an integral part of healing and are considered to be the oldest forms of health care known to mankind. the present study aims to document traditional phytoremedies for the treatment of menstrual disorders in udhampur district of j&k, india.201525479156
antiproliferative activity and phenotypic modification induced by selected peruvian medicinal plants on human hepatocellular carcinoma hep3b cells.the high incidence of human hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) in peru and the wide use of medicinal plants in this country led us to study the activity against hcc cells in vitro of somes species used locally against liver and digestive disorders.201525701751
ethnomedicinal plants used by the villagers of district udhampur, j&k, india.plants are an integral part of life in many indigenous communities. besides, being the source of food, fodder, fuel, etc., the use of plants as herbal medicines in curing several ailments goes parallel to the human civilization. ethnopharmacology involves the investigation of the plants used by the traditional communities and further understand the pharmacological basis of these culturally important medicinal plants. present study was conducted to enlist the medicinal plants used by the local in ...201424365639
predominant and secondary pollen botanical origins influence the carotenoid and fatty acid profile in fresh honeybee-collected pollen.total and individual carotenoids, fatty acid composition of total lipids, and main lipid classes of 16 fresh bee-collected pollen samples from romania were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection and capillary gas chromatography with mass detection. analyzed samples were found rich in lutein, whereas β-criptoxanthin and β-carotene were present in a wide range of amounts correlated with predominant botanical origin of the samples. high amounts of lutei ...201424938997
isotopologue profiling of triterpene formation under physiological conditions. biosynthesis of lupeol-3-(3'-r-hydroxy)-stearate in pentalinon andrieuxii.the biosynthesis of lupeol-3-(3'r-hydroxy)-stearate (procrim b, 1) was investigated in the mexican medicinal plant pentalinon andrieuxii by (13)co2 pulse-chase experiments. nmr analyses revealed positional enrichments of (13)c2-isotopologues in both the triterpenoid and the hydroxystearate moieties of 1. five of the six isoprene units reflected a pattern with [1,2-(13)c2]- and [3,5-(13)c2]-isotopologues from the respective c5-precursors, ipp and dmapp, whereas one isoprene unit in the ring e of ...201424606167
wild food plants traditionally consumed in the area of bologna (emilia romagna region, italy).this research was performed in an area belonging to the province of the city of bologna (emilia-romagna region, northern italy). the purpose of the present survey was to record the local knowledge concerning traditional uses of wild food plants and related practices, such as gathering, processing, cooking, therapeutic uses, with the aim of preserving an important part of the local cultural heritage.201425258146
pollen morphology and total protein of taraxacum officinale and aster alpinus. 201427202876
investigating the potential of under-utilised plants from the asteraceae family as a source of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant extracts.antimicrobial properties of ethanol and water extracts from eight asteraceae species were investigated against three gram positive (staphylococcus aureus, mrsa and bacillus cereus) and two gram negative (escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium) bacterial strains. ethanol extracts from centaurea scabiosa, arctium minus, taraxacum officinale, centaurea nigra and cirsium palustre demonstrated antimicrobial activity against strains of s. aureus, mrsa and b. cereus (mic=187.5-365μg/ml). ethanol e ...201424837924
cellulase-assisted extraction and antibacterial activity of polysaccharides from the dandelion taraxacum officinale.in the present study, we investigated the cellulase-assisted extraction and antibacterial activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from the dandelion taraxacum officinale. the extraction conditions, optimized for improving yield, were as follows: time, 46.11 min; temperature, 54.87 °c; ph, 4.51 and cellulase enzyme, 4000 u/g. under these conditions, the yield of polysaccharides from dandelion (pd) reached 20.67% (w/w). the sugar content of pd was 95.6% (w/w), and it displayed high antibacterial ...201424528711
preparation and antibacterial activity of oligosaccharides derived from dandelion.in this study, we prepared oligosaccharides from dandelion (taraxacum officinale) by hydrolysis with hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) and investigated their antibacterial activity. the optimum hydrolysis conditions, as determined using the response surface methodology, were as follows: reaction time, 5.12h; reaction temperature, 65.53 °c and h2o2 concentration, 3.16%. under these conditions, the maximum yield of the oligosaccharides reached 25.43%. the sugar content in the sample was 96.8%, and the aver ...201424368113
effect of traditional leafy vegetables on the growth of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria.traditional leafy vegetables, apart from being a staple in the diet of most of sub-saharan africa, are an essential part of traditional medicine and are used daily by traditional healers in the region to treat a wide variety of ailments. in this study, a batch culture technique was used to investigate whether 25 infusions from 22 traditional leafy vegetables stimulated the growth of lactobacillus bulgaricus, lactobacillus lactis, lactobacillus reuteri and bifidobacterium longum in pure culture. ...201425088723
above- and belowground herbivory jointly impact defense and seed dispersal traits in taraxacum officinale.plants are able to cope with herbivores by inducing defensive traits or growth responses that allow them to reduce or avoid the impact of herbivores. since above- and belowground herbivores differ substantially in life-history traits, for example feeding types, and their spatial distribution, it is likely that they induce different responses in plants. moreover, strong interactive effects on defense and plant growth are expected when above- and belowground herbivores are jointly present. the str ...201425473483
exploring insights for virulent gene inhibition of multidrug resistant salmonella typhi, vibrio cholerae, and staphylococcus areus by potential phytoligands via in silico screening.in our recent studies on prevalence of multidrug resistant pathogens in byramangala reservoir, karnataka, india, we identified salmonella typhi, staphylococcus aureus, and vibrio cholerae which had acquired multiple drug resistance (mdr) and emerged as superbugs. hence, there is a pressing demand to identify alternative therapeutic remedies. our study focused on the screening of herbal leads by structure-based virtual screening. the virulent gene products of these pathogens towards kanamycin(aph ...201423876154
structural diversity in the dandelion (taraxacum officinale) polyphenol oxidase family results in different responses to model substrates.polyphenol oxidases (ppos) are ubiquitous type-3 copper enzymes that catalyze the oxygen-dependent conversion of o-diphenols to the corresponding quinones. in most plants, ppos are present as multiple isoenzymes that probably serve distinct functions, although the precise relationship between sequence, structure and function has not been addressed in detail. we therefore compared the characteristics and activities of recombinant dandelion ppos to gain insight into the structure-function relation ...201424918587
parameters that enhance the bacterial expression of active plant polyphenol oxidases.polyphenol oxidases (ppos, ec 1.10.3.1) are type-3 copper proteins that enzymatically convert diphenolic compounds into their corresponding quinones. although there is significant interest in these enzymes because of their role in food deterioration, the lack of a suitable expression system for the production of soluble and active plant ppos has prevented detailed investigations of their structure and activity. recently we developed a bacterial expression system that was sufficient for the produ ...201324204791
effect of cooking methods on antioxidant activity and nitrate content of selected wild mediterranean plants.wild edible plants (wep), traditionally consumed in the mediterranean diet, are considered a rich source of natural antioxidants but can also accumulate significant amount of nitrates. most wep are cooked before consumption, therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the effects of boiling, steaming and microwave cooking processes on the total antioxidant activity (taa) and nitrate content of eight common wep. boiling caused the highest losses of taa, resulting in a reduction of the taa on dry ...201323701122
effects of carbaryl-bran bait on trap catch and seed predation by ground beetles (coleoptera: carabidae).carbaryl-bran bait is effective against grasshoppers without many impacts on nontarget organisms, but ground beetles (coleoptera: carabidae) may be susceptible to these baits. carabids are beneficial in agricultural settings as predators of insect pests and weed seeds. carabid species and their consumption of weed seeds have not been previously studied in agricultural settings in alaska. this study examined the effect of grasshopper bran bait on carabid activity-density, as measured by pitfall t ...201323786053
adverse effects of herbal medicines: an overview of systematic reviews.this overview of systematic reviews (srs) aims to evaluate critically the evidence regarding the adverse effects of herbal medicines (hms). five electronic databases were searched to identify all relevant srs, with 50 srs of 50 different hms meeting our inclusion criteria. most had only minor weaknesses in methods. serious adverse effects were noted only for four hms: herbae pulvis standardisatus, larrea tridentate, piper methysticum and cassia senna. the most severe adverse effects were liver o ...201323472485
perceived health properties of wild and cultivated food plants in local and popular traditions of italy: a review.many wild and cultivated plants are rich in mineral elements and bioactive compounds and are consumed for health purposes. studies have demonstrated the curative properties of many of these food plants. in this paper, we discuss the properties of several plants with potential health benefits that have previously received little attention.201323395624
the root herbivore history of the soil affects the productivity of a grassland plant community and determines plant response to new root herbivore attack.insect root herbivores can alter plant community structure by affecting the competitive ability of single plants. however, their effects can be modified by the soil environment. root herbivory itself may induce changes in the soil biota community, and it has recently been shown that these changes can affect plant growth in a subsequent season or plant generation. however, so far it is not known whether these root herbivore history effects (i) are detectable at the plant community level and/or (i ...201323441201
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce the differences in competitiveness between dominant and subordinate plant species.in grassland communities, plants can be classified as dominants or subordinates according to their relative abundances, but the factors controlling such distributions remain unclear. here, we test whether the presence of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus glomus intraradices affects the competitiveness of two dominant (taraxacum officinale and agrostis capillaris) and two subordinate species (prunella vulgaris and achillea millefolium). plants were grown in pots in the presence or absence of ...201323064770
rapid plant identification using species- and group-specific primers targeting chloroplast dna.plant identification is challenging when no morphologically assignable parts are available. there is a lack of broadly applicable methods for identifying plants in this situation, for example when roots grow in mixture and for decayed or semi-digested plant material. these difficulties have also impeded the progress made in ecological disciplines such as soil- and trophic ecology. here, a pcr-based approach is presented which allows identifying a variety of plant taxa commonly occurring in centr ...201222253728
assessment of anti-quorum sensing activity for some ornamental and medicinal plants native to egypt.this study investigated the effects of some plant extracts on the bacterial communication system, expressed as quorum sensing (qs) activity. quorum sensing has a directly proportional effect on the amount of certain compounds, such as pigments, produced by the bacteria. alcohol extracts of 23 ornamental and medicinal plants were tested for anti-qs activity by the chromobacterium violaceum assay using the agar cup diffusion method. the screening revealed the anti-qs activity of six plants; namely ...201223641343
evaluation of houttuynia cordata and taraxacum officinale on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, and fecal microbial shedding in diet for weaning pigs.a total of 144 pigs ((landrace×yorkshire)×duroc] with an average initial bw of 8.45±0.57 kg were used in a 5-wk growth trial. pigs were randomly allocated to 4 treatments with 9 replications per pen in a randomized complex block design. dietary treatments included: i) con (basal diet), ii) ant (con+tylosin 1 g/kg), iii) h1 (con+h. cordata 1 g/kg) and iv) t1 (con+t. officinale 1 g/kg). in this study, pigs fed the ant and t1 treatment had a higher (p<0.05) average daily gain (adg) and gain:feed (g ...201225049500
site-directed mutagenesis of a tetrameric dandelion polyphenol oxidase (ppo-6) reveals the site of subunit interaction.polyphenol oxidases (ppos) catalyze the oxidation of ortho-diphenols to the corresponding quinones (ec 1.10.3.1). in plants ppos appear in gene families, and the corresponding isoenzymes are located to the thylakoid lumen of chloroplasts. although plant ppos are often discussed with regard to their role in defense reactions, a common physiological function has not yet been defined. we analyzed a tetrameric ppo isoenzyme (ppo-6) from dandelion (taraxacum officinale) heterologously expressed in es ...201222814940
silencing and heterologous expression of ppo-2 indicate a specific function of a single polyphenol oxidase isoform in resistance of dandelion (taraxacum officinale) against pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato.dandelion (taraxacum officinale) possesses an unusually high degree of disease resistance. as this plant exhibits high polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activity and ppo have been implicated in resistance against pests and pathogens, we analyzed the potential involvement of five ppo isoenzymes in the resistance of dandelion against botrytis cinerea and pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. only one ppo (ppo-2) was induced during infection, and ppo-2 promoter and β-glucuronidase marker gene fusions revealed st ...201122026646
inhibitory effect of aqueous dandelion extract on hiv-1 replication and reverse transcriptase activity.abstract:201122078030
host identity impacts rhizosphere fungal communities associated with three alpine plant species.fungal diversity and composition are still relatively unknown in many ecosystems; however, host identity and environmental conditions are hypothesized to influence fungal community assembly. to test these hypotheses, we characterized the richness, diversity, and composition of rhizosphere fungi colonizing three alpine plant species, taraxacum ceratophorum, taraxacum officinale, and polemonium viscosum. roots were collected from open meadow and willow understory habitats at treeline on pennsylvan ...201122038036
the effects of taraxacum officinale extracts (toe) supplementation on physical fatigue in mice.the study is to investigate the effect of taraxacum officinale extracts (toe) supplementation on physical fatigue based on the forced swimming capacity in mice. forty kunming male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e., normal control (nc) and three doses of toe treated group (high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose). three toe treated groups were treated by oral toe with 10, 30 and 100mg/kg b.w respectively for a period of 42 days. the normal control group was given a corresponding volume o ...201122238492
dandelion (taraxacum officinale) decreases male rat fertility in vivo.taraxacum officinale (l.) weber ex f.h. wigg. is commonly used in jordan folk medicine for the treatment of panophthalmitis, chronic constipation, and diabetes. in addition, herbalists prescribe the aqueous extract of taraxacum officinale to enhance male's fertility. the current work was undertaken to investigate the validity and/or invalidity of the aqueous extract of taraxacum officinale on enhancing the reproductive activity in male rat.201121354287
the effect of taraxacum officinale on gastric emptying and smooth muscle motility in rodents.taraxacum officinale (to) is a traditional herbal medicine that has been widely used for abdominal illnesses. however, the efficacy and the mechanism of to on gastric emptying (ge) and smooth muscle motility are unknown.201121453412
herbivore resistance of invasive fallopia species and their hybrids.hybridization has been proposed as a mechanism by which exotic plants can increase their invasiveness. by generating novel recombinants, hybridization may result in phenotypes that are better adapted to the new environment than their parental species. we experimentally assessed the resistance of five exotic fallopia taxa, f. japonica var. japonica, f. sachalinensis and f. baldschuanica, the two hybrids f. × bohemica and f. × conollyana, and the common european plants rumex obtusifolius and tarax ...201121656300
organic parasite control for poultry and rabbits in british columbia, canada.abstract: plants used for treating endo- and ectoparasites of rabbits and poultry in british columbia included arctium lappa (burdock), artemisia sp. (wormwood), chenopodium album (lambsquarters) and c. ambrosioides (epazote), cirsium arvense (canada thistle), juniperus spp. (juniper), mentha piperita (peppermint), nicotiana sp. (tobacco), papaver somniferum (opium poppy), rubus spp. (blackberry and raspberry relatives), symphytum officinale (comfrey), taraxacum officinale (common dandelion), th ...201121756341
host plant suitability and feeding preferences of the grapevine pest abagrotis orbis (lepidoptera: noctuidae).thirteen plant species were tested for their suitability as hosts for abagrotis orbis (grote), a climbing cutworm pest of grapevines in british columbia. choice tests were also conducted to investigate larval feeding preferences for the brassicaceae species joi choi, brassica rapa variety. chinensis l., spring draba; draba verna l.; and shepherd's purse, capsella bursa-pastoris (l.) medik; compared with postdormant buds of grape, vitis vinifera l. (vitaceae), and leaves of nine other plant speci ...201122217761
carotenoid and chlorophyll composition of commonly consumed leafy vegetables in mediterranean countries.major chloroplast pigments in five leafy vegetables (chicory-cichorium intybus, cv. 'anivip' and cv. 'monivip', dandelion-taraxacum officinale, garden rocket-eruca sativa and wild rocket-diplotaxis tenuifolia), commonly consumed in mediterranean countries, have been separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) on a reversed-phase column. three classes of pigments were identified and quantified: xanthophylls (oxygenated carotenoids), carotenes (hydrocarbon carotenoids) and chlorophy ...201125212352
effects of genotype identity and diversity on the invasiveness and invasibility of plant populations.genetic diversity within species is a potentially important, but poorly studied, determinant of plant community dynamics. here we report experiments testing the influence of genotype identity and genotypic diversity both on the invasibility of a foundation, matrix-forming species (kentucky bluegrass, poa pratensis), and on the invasiveness of a colonizing species (dandelion, taraxacum officinale). genotypes of kentucky bluegrass in monoculture showed significant variation in productivity and res ...201019865832
hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of dandelion (taraxacum officinale) root and leaf on cholesterol-fed rabbits.dandelion (taraxacum officinale), an oriental herbal medicine, has been shown to favorably affect choleretic, antirheumatic and diuretin properties. recent reports have indicated that excessive oxidative stress contributes to the development of atherosclerosis-linked metabolic syndrome. the objective of this current study was to investigate the possible hypolipidemic and antioxidative effects of dandelion root and leaf in rabbits fed with a high-cholesterol diet. a group of twenty eight male rab ...201020162002
top1 and 2, polysaccharides from taraxacum officinale, attenuate ccl(4)-induced hepatic damage through the modulation of nf-kappab and its regulatory mediators.in this work, we estimate the inhibitory effect of two polysaccharides from taraxacum officinale (top) on ccl(4)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in sprague-dawley rats. top1 and 2 (304, 92 mg/kg bw) were administered for 7 days via a stomach sonde, and hepatitis was induced by a single dose of ccl(4) (50% ccl(4)/olive oil; 0.5 ml/kg bw) administration. ccl(4) significantly elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase (ast) and alanine aminotransferase (alt) activities. histopathological o ...201020170702
in vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective effects of the aqueous extract from taraxacum officinale (dandelion) root against alcohol-induced oxidative stress.the protective effects of taraxacum officinale (dandelion) root against alcoholic liver damage were investigated in hepg2/2e1 cells and icr mice. when an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species was induced by 300 mm ethanol in vitro, cell viability was drastically decreased by 39%. however, in the presence of hot water extract (toh) from t. officinale root, no hepatocytic damage was observed in the cells treated with ethanol, while ethanol-extract (toe) did not show potent hepatopr ...201020347918
taraxacum officinale protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice.taraxacum officinale has been frequently used as a remedy for inflammatory diseases. in the present study, we investigated the in vivo protective effect of taraxacum officinale on acute lung injury (ali) induced by lipopolysaccharide (lps) in mice.201020510343
hepatocurative potential of sesquiterpene lactones of taraxacum officinale on carbon tetrachloride induced liver toxicity in mice.the hepatocurative potential of ethanolic extract (eto) and sesquiterpene lactones enriched fraction (sl) of taraxacum officinale roots was evaluated against carbon tetrachloride (ccl 4 ) induced hepatotoxicity in mice. the diagnostic markers such as alanine aminotransferase (alt), aspartate aminotransferase (ast), alkaline phosphatase (alp) and total bilirubin contents were significantly elevated, whereas significant reduction in the level of reduced glutathione (gsh) and enhanced hepatic lipid ...201020519172
antifibrotic activity of taraxacum officinale root in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in mice.dandelion (taraxacum officinale) has been traditionally used in the treatment of various liver disorders. the present study was aimed to assess the efficacy of dandelion root water-ethanol extract (dwe) in carbon tetrachloride (ccl(4))-induced hepatic fibrosis.201020561925
anti-inflammatory effect of taraxacum officinale leaves on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in raw 264.7 cells.to investigate the efficacy and the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of taraxacum officinale leaves (tols), the effect of a methanol extract and its fractions recovered from tols on lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced responses was studied in the mouse macrophage cell line, raw 264.7. cells were pretreated with various concentrations of the methanol extract and its fractions and subsequently incubated with lps (1 microg/ml). the levels of nitric oxide (no), prostaglandin (pg) e(2), and pro ...201020673058
platanus pollen allergen, pla a 1: quantification in the atmosphere and influence on a sensitizing population.the allergic response in susceptible patients does not always coincide with the presence and magnitude of airborne pollen counts. the prevalence of allergy to platanus is currently moderate, although the percentage of monosensitized patients is low. this hinders accurate interpretation of the relationship between the amount of pollen inhaled and the patient's symptoms.201020813013
content of toxic and essential metals in medicinal herbs growing in polluted and unpolluted areas of macedonia.the aim of this study was to determine and compare ba, cr, cd, fe, sr, pb, and zn content in medicinal herbs urtica dioica l., taraxacum officinale, and matricaria recutita growing in polluted and unpolluted areas of the republic of macedonia. the metal content was determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (icp-aes). in the unpolluted area of mt. plackovica the metal content in taraxacum officinale was in the descending order: fe>sr>zn>ba>cr, while pb and cd were b ...201020860970
taraxacum officinale weber extracts inhibit lps-induced oxidative stress and nitric oxide production via the nf-κb modulation in raw 264.7 cells.the common dandelion (taraxacum officinale g.h. weber ex wiggers, asteraceae) has been widely used in folklore medicine to treat dyspepsia, heartburn, and spleen and liver disorders.201021075189
the diuretic effect in human subjects of an extract of taraxacum officinale folium over a single day.taraxacum officinale (l.) weber (asteraceae) has been extensively employed as a diuretic in traditional folk medicine and in modern phytotherapy in europe, asia, and the americas without prior clinical trial substantiation.200919678785
polyphenoloxidase silencing affects latex coagulation in taraxacum species.latex is the milky sap that is found in many different plants. it is produced by specialized cells known as laticifers and can comprise a mixture of proteins, carbohydrates, oils, secondary metabolites, and rubber that may help to prevent herbivory and protect wound sites against infection. the wound-induced browning of latex suggests that it contains one or more phenol-oxidizing enzymes. here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the major latex proteins from two dandelion species, taraxacum ...200919605551
[compositae dermatitis].compositae dermatitis is an allergic contact dermatitis caused by plant species of the compositae family. the first report of a cutaneous reaction to the chrysanthemum genus was made by howe js in 1887. in 1895 maiden jh reported about skin lesions among men working with tagetes minuta. case reports of contact allergic-ragweed dermatitis appeared in the american literature as early as 1919. the north american feverfew--parthenium hysterophorus was brought to india from america in 1956 and it cau ...200912793186
total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some medicinal plants.crude extracts from inula aucherana, fumaria officinalis, crocus sativus, vicum album, tribulus terestris, polygonatum multiflorum, alkanna tinctoria and taraxacum officinale were screened for their in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. total phenolic content of extracts from these plants were also determined. beta-carotene bleaching assay and folin-ciocalteu reagent were used to determine total antioxidant activity and total phenols of plant extracts. antimicrobial activity was det ...200919168430
phytotoxicity evaluation of five pharmaceutical pollutants detected in surface water on germination and growth of cultivated and spontaneous plants.the phytotoxicity of 5 pharmaceuticals detected in italian rivers, atorvastatin (7-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-4-(phenylcarbamoyl)-5-propan-2-yl-pyrrol-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-heptanoic acid), gemfibrozil (5-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-pentanoic acid), tamoxifene (2-[4-(1,2-diphenylbut-1-enyl)phenoxy]-n,n-dimethyl-ethanamine), ethinyl estradiol (17-ethynyl-13-methyl-7,8,9,11, 12,13,14,15,16,17-decahydro-6h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol) and sildenafil (methyl-9-propyl-2,4,7,8-tetrazabi ...200818205060
pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of taraxacum officinale in vitro and in vivo.obesity has become a worldwide health problem. orlistat, an inhibitor of pancreatic lipase, is currently approved as an anti-obesity drug. however, gastrointestinal side effects caused by orlistat may limit its use. in this study the inhibitory activities of dandelion (taraxacum officinale) against pancreatic lipase in vitro and in vivo were measured to determine its possible use as a natural anti-obesity agent. the inhibitory activities of the 95% ethanol extract of t. officinale and orlistat w ...200820016719
anti-inflammatory activity of taraxacum officinale.taraxacum officinale has been widely used as a folkloric medicine for the treatment of diverse diseases. the dried plant was extracted with 70% ethanol to generate its ethanol extract (tee). for some experiments, ethyl acetate (ea), n-butanol (buoh) and aqueous (aq) fractions were prepared in succession from tee. tee showed a scavenging activity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) assay, a diminishing effect on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ros) level, and an anti-angiogenic act ...200817949929
risks and benefits of commonly used herbal medicines in mexico.in mexico, local empirical knowledge about medicinal properties of plants is the basis for their use as home remedies. it is generally accepted by many people in mexico and elsewhere in the world that beneficial medicinal effects can be obtained by ingesting plant products. in this review, we focus on the potential pharmacologic bases for herbal plant efficacy, but we also raise concerns about the safety of these agents, which have not been fully assessed. although numerous randomized clinical t ...200818037151
evaluation of aqueous extracts of taraxacum officinale on growth and invasion of breast and prostate cancer cells.ethnotraditional use of plant-derived natural products plays a significant role in the discovery and development of potential medicinal agents. plants of the genus taraxacum, commonly known as dandelions, have a history of use in chinese, arabian and native american traditional medicine, to treat a variety of diseases including cancer. to date, however, very few studies have been reported on the anti-carcinogenic activity of taraxacum officinale (to). in the present study, three aqueous extracts ...200818425335
toxicological assessment of p-9801091 plant mixture extract after chronic administration in cba/hzg mice--a biochemical and histological study.acute, subchronic and chronic effects of the p-9801091 plant mixture extract at a dose of 20 mg/kg body mass were assessed in serum of healthy cba/hzg mice at 24 hours, 7 days, 3 months and 6 months of treatment (experimental group), and compared with the values obtained in the control group of untreated healthy cba/hzg mice. the p-9801091 plant mixture extract is an antihyperglycemic preparation containing myrtilli folium (vaccinium myrtillus l.), taraxaci radix (taraxacum officinale web.), cic ...200818756913
ethnoveterinary medicines used for ruminants in british columbia, canada.the use of medicinal plants is an option for livestock farmers who are not allowed to use allopathic drugs under certified organic programs or cannot afford to use allopathic drugs for minor health problems of livestock.200717324258
the importance of a taste. a comparative study on wild food plant consumption in twenty-one local communities in italy.a comparative food ethnobotanical study was carried out in twenty-one local communities in italy, fourteen of which were located in northern italy, one in central italy, one in sardinia, and four in southern italy. 549 informants were asked to name and describe food uses of wild botanicals they currently gather and consume. data showed that gathering, processing and consuming wild food plants are still important activities in all the selected areas. a few botanicals were quoted and cited in mult ...200717480214
role of myzus persicae (hemiptera: aphididae) and its secondary hosts in plum pox virus propagation.plum pox virus (family potyviridae, genus potyvirus, ppv) is one of the most important viral pathogens of plants in the genus prunus, particularly prunus persica l. the role of the myzus persicae (sulzer) (hemiptera: aphididae) as a vector of ppv-m, and its role in spreading ppv-m, was investigated. ppv-m-infected peach trees were used as inoculum sources, and transmission to 15 herbaceous species commonly present in and around peach orchards was evaluated. the presence of ppv-m in secondary hos ...200717849850
[karyotypes of the stem eelworms from wild-growing plants].unlike the stem eelworms of cultivated plants, which have n = 12, the stem eelworms of wild plants (picris sp., taraxacum officinale, hieracium pratense, h. pilosella, cirsium setosum and falcaria vulgaris) possess high chromosomal numbers (from n = 19 in the first to n = 28 in the latter). due to this the stem eelworms of wild plants must be separated from the collective species ditylenchus dipsaci. apparently these forms of stem eelworms are distinct species polyploid in their origin.2007440781
[genetic and physiological compatibility of different forms of stem eelworms. vi. the crossing of eelworms from cultivated plants and weeds].the crossing of stem eelworms of onion and red clover with these from cirsium setosum and taraxacum officinale resulted in the fertilization of females, egglaying and embriogenesis. however, the hybrid eggs died, as a rule. only in one experiment a large population developed up to f5 but few hybrids survived to f10. the studied stem eelworms of weeds are genetically non-compatible with ditylenchus dipsaci of onion and red clover and are distinct species.2007673464
cross-allergenicity of pollens from the compositae family: artemisia vulgaris, dendranthema grandiflorum, and taraxacum officinale.chrysanthemum, dandelion, and mugwort belong to the compositae (asteraceae) family. their cross-allergenicity has not yet been completely evaluated.200718219834
antioxidant capacity changes and phenolic profile of echinacea purpurea, nettle (urtica dioica l.), and dandelion (taraxacum officinale) after application of polyamine and phenolic biosynthesis regulators.the changes of the antioxidant (aoa) and antiradical activities (ara) and the total contents of phenolics, anthocyanins, flavonols, and hydroxybenzoic acid in roots and different aerial sections of echinacea purpurea, nettle, and dandelion, after treatment with ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor, a polyamine inhibitor (o-phosphoethanolamine, kf), and a phenol biosynthesis stimulator (carboxymethyl chitin glucan, cchg) were analyzed spectrophotometrically; hydroxycinnamic acids content was analyze ...200717579437
a multi-species assessment of post-dispersal seed predation in the central chilean andes.post-dispersal seed predation in alpine communities has received little attention despite evidence that seeds removed by granivores can decrease plant recruitment into ecosystems. moreover, few studies have assessed the effects of removal of seeds of a range of species after dispersal on the seeds remaining in ecosystems. a comparison was made of the magnitude of seed removal by ants and birds of nine different shrubby-, herbaceous- and cushion-plant species in the central chilean andes in order ...200616687429
taraxacum officinale protects against cholecystokinin-induced acute pancreatitis in rats.taraxacum officinale (to) has been frequently used as a remedy for inflammatory diseases. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of to on cholecystokinin (cck)-octapeptide-induced acute pancreatitis in rats.200515641154
traditional phytotherapy in central italy (marche, abruzzo, and latium).in this study, the more significant results of extensive ethnopharmacobotanical research carried out by the author in the years 1977-2000 in 175 localities of three regions of central italy (marche, abruzzo, and latium) have been reported and compared. the usages of 80 species belonging to 36 families are described, of which 71 were used in human therapy and 29 in veterinary medicine. uses are suited with the number of localities in which they have been mentioned. among the wild plant mainly sti ...200515664457
inhibition of alpha-glucosidase by aqueous extracts of some potent antidiabetic medicinal herbs.diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalant diseases of adults. agents with alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity have been useful as oral hypoglycemic drugs for the control of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2; noninsulin-dependent, diabetes mellitus (niddm). investigation of some medicinal herbs: urtica dioica, taraxacum officinale, viscum album, and myrtus communis with alpha-glucosidase inhibitor activity was conducted to identify a prophylactic effect for diabetes in vitro. all plant ...200515704495
a comparison of phenotypic plasticity in the native dandelion taraxacum ceratophorum and its invasive congener t. officinale.we compared plastic responses to variation in the light environment for sympatric populations of native and exotic dandelion species, taraxacum ceratophorum and taraxacum officinale. plasticity in leaf size, inflorescence height, reproductive phenology and dispersal-related traits were measured under experimentally altered light quality (red : far-red light ratio, r : fr) and light intensity (photosynthetically active radiation, par). to test whether differences in means and reaction norms of di ...200515760361
dandelion (taraxacum officinale) flower extract suppresses both reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide and prevents lipid oxidation in vitro.flavonoids and coumaric acid derivatives were identified from dandelion flower (taraxacum officinale). characteristics of chain-breaking antioxidants, such as extended lag phase and reduced propagation rate, were observed in oxidation of linoleic acid emulsion with the addition of dandelion flower extract (dfe). dfe suppressed both superoxide and hydroxyl radical, while the latter was further distinguished by both site-specific and non-specific hydroxyl radical inhibition. dpph-radical-scavengin ...200516121519
priority of color over scent during flower visitation by adult vanessa indica butterflies.most flower visitors innately prefer a particular color and scent, and use them as cues for flower recognition and selection. however, in most cases, since color and scent serve as a combined signal, not only does the preference for an individual cue, but also the preference hierarchy among different cues, influence their flower visitation. in the present study, we attempted to reveal (1) the chromatic and (2) the olfactory cues that stimulate flower visiting, and (3) the preference hierarchy be ...200515688217
taraxacum officinale induces cytotoxicity through tnf-alpha and il-1alpha secretion in hep g2 cells.taraxacum officinale (to) has been frequently used as a remedy for women's disease (e.g. breast and uterus cancer) and disorders of the liver and gallbladder. several earlier studies have indicated that to exhibits anti-tumor properties, but its mechanism remains to be elucidated. in this study, we investigated the effect of to on the cytotoxicity and production of cytokines in human hepatoma cell line, hep g2. our results show that to decreased the cell viability by 26%, and significantly incre ...200414687655
the effect of medicinal plants of islamabad and murree region of pakistan on insulin secretion from ins-1 cells.in vitro testing of the extracts of medicinal plants collected from islamabad and the murree region on insulin secretagogue activity was carried out. dried ethanol extracts of all plants (zh1-zh19) were dissolved in ethanol and dmso, and tested at various concentrations (between 1 and 40 microg/ml) for insulin release from ins-1 cells in the presence of 5.5 mm glucose. glibenclamide was used as a control. promising insulin secretagogue activity in various plant extracts at 1, 10, 20 and 40 micro ...200414750205
luteolin and luteolin-7-o-glucoside from dandelion flower suppress inos and cox-2 in raw264.7 cells.both reactive oxygen- and nitrogen-derived reactive species play important roles in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. flavones, luteolin and luteolin-7-o-glucoside along with a rich plant source of both flavones, namely dandelion (taraxacum officinale) flower extract were studied for antioxidant activity in different in vitro model systems. in this current study, luteolin and luteolin-7-o-glucoside at concentrations lower than 20 microm, significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed the pro ...200415543940
the bifidogenic effect of taraxacum officinale root.the infusion of dandelion root (taraxacum officinale) stimulated in vitro the growth of 14 strains of bifidobacteria. the utilization of oligofructans, glucose, fructose and total saccharides was determined by enzymatic and phenol-sulfuric methods. dandelion oligofructans were important source of carbon and energy for bifidobacteria tested.200415567259
distribution of platinum group elements and other traffic related elements among different plants along some highways in germany.using icp-ms and icp-aes platinum group elements (pt, pd, rh, ru and ir) and ce, la, nd, pb and zr have been determined in street dust, taraxacum officinale (dandelion), plantago lanceolata (plantain), lolium multiflorum (annual ryegrass), rhytidiadelphus squarrosus (moss) and vascellum pratense (mushrooms) collected along highways and streets in germany during 1999. among the plants taraxacum officinale (dandelion) reflects most adequately the pollution with the investigated elements matching t ...200312738216
137cs soil-to-plant transfer for individual species in a semi-natural grassland. influence of potassium soil content.in the present study we assessed the radiocaesium uptake by plants in order to piece together information on factors affecting the uptake processes, particularly k supply and plant species differences. vegetation uptake from soil contaminated by the chernobyl accident was compared at two semi-natural grasslands. the cs/k discrimination factor (df), which is often used to evaluate a plant's efficiency in absorbing nutrients from soil, was estimated. the obtained df values (0.01 to 0.8) vary with ...200314646233
vertical leaf nitrogen distribution in relation to nitrogen status in grassland plants.vertical gradients of leaf nitrogen (n) per unit leaf area (nla) are viewed as plastic responses that optimize n utilization with respect to carbon assimilation. however, it has been shown that plant species, sowing density and n availability affect the steepness of the nla gradient relative to the photon flux density (pfd) gradient. this paper tests the hypothesis that such variation is related to the n status of the plant. the n status was analysed using the concept of the critical n concentra ...200312967909
altered gene expression in three plant species in response to treatment with nep1, a fungal protein that causes necrosis.nep1 is an extracellular fungal protein that causes necrosis when applied to many dicotyledonous plants, including invasive weed species. using transmission electron microscopy, it was determined that application of nep1 (1.0 micro g ml(-)(1), 0.1% [v/v] silwet-l77) to arabidopsis and two invasive weed species, spotted knapweed (centaurea maculosa) and dandelion (taraxacum officinale), caused a reduction in the thickness of the cuticle and a breakdown of chloroplasts 1 to 4 h after treatment. me ...200312857840
effect of 'antidiabetis' herbal preparation on serum glucose and fructosamine in nod mice.the antihyperglycemic effect of the antidiabetis herbal preparation ((myrtilli folium (vaccinium myrtillus l.), taraxaci radix (taraxacum officinale web.), cichorii radix (cichorium intybus l.), juniperi fructus (juniperus communis l.), centaurii herba (centaurium umbellatum gilib.), phaseoli pericarpium (phaseolus vulgaris), millefollii herba (achillea millefolium l.), morii folium (morus nigra l.), valeriane radix (valleriana officinalis l.), urticae herba et radix (urtica dioica l.)), patent ...200111297848
changes in cytokinin distribution in the ovule and ovary of taraxacum officinale web. in early stages of embryogenesis.quantitative changes in the hormonal status of the ovules and ovaries were first studied in taraxacum officinale web. at the early stages of embryogenesis. the plant material was analyzed by elisa using labeled anti-rabbit antibodies. a new procedure for differential and quantitative determination of the main endogenous cytokinins based on the estimation of the effective zeatin and zeatin riboside concentrations from calibration curves constructed using zeatin and zeatin riboside as standard ant ...200111333155
sesquiterpene glucosides from anti-leukotriene b4 release fraction of taraxacum officinale.chemical examination of the meoh extract of the root of taraxacum officinale, which exhibited inhibitory activity on the formation of leukotriene b4 from activated human neutrophils, has resulted in the isolation of 14-o-beta-d-glucosyl-11,13-dihydro-taraxinic acid (1) and 14-o-beta-d-glucosyl-taraxinic acid (2). the absolute stereostructure of 1 has been established by x-ray chrystallographic examination.200111491394
cloning, developmental, and tissue-specific expression of sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyl transferase from taraxacum officinale. fructan localization in roots.sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyl transferase (1-sst) is the key enzyme initiating fructan synthesis in asteraceae. using reverse transcriptase-pcr, we isolated the cdna for 1-sst from taraxacum officinale. the cdna-derived amino acid sequence showed very high homology to other asteracean 1-ssts (cichorium intybus 86%, cynara scolymus 82%, helianthus tuberosus 80%), but homology to 1-sst from allium cepa (46%) and aspergillus foetidus (18%) was much lower. fructan concentrations, 1-sst activities, 1-s ...200010806226
taraxacum officinale inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha production from rat astrocytes.substance p (sp) can stimulate production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) from astrocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (lps). the objective of the current study was to determine the effect of taraxacum officinale (to) on the production of tnf-alpha from primary cultures of rat astrocytes. to (100 and 1000 microg/ml) significantly inhibited the tnf-alpha production by astrocytes stimulated with lps and sp. interleukin-1 (il-1) has been shown to elevate tnf-alpha production from l ...200010946829
activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase by taraxacum officinale in mouse peritoneal macrophages.the objective of the current study was to determine the effect of taraxacum officinale (to) on the production of nitric oxide (no). stimulation of mouse peritoneal macrophages with to after the treatment of recombinant interferon-gamma (rifn-gamma) resulted in increased no synthesis. to had no effect on no synthesis by itself. when to was used in combination with rifn-gamma, there was a marked cooperative induction of no synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. the optimal effect of to on no synthe ...199910401993
a new subtilisin-like proteinase from roots of the dandelion taraxacum officinale webb s. l.a serine proteinase from roots of taraxacum officinale webb s. l. was isolated by affinity chromatography and gel-filtration on superose 6r using fplc. the enzyme is a 67-kd glycoprotein containing 54% carbohydrate which we have named taraxalisin. the substrate specificity of taraxalisin toward synthetic peptides and oxidized insulin b-chain is comparable with that of cucumisin from cucumis melo and the subtilisin-like serine proteinase macluralisin from maclura pomifera. the proteinase is inact ...199910521720
two branches of the lupeol synthase gene in the molecular evolution of plant oxidosqualene cyclases.two new triterpene synthase cdnas, named as oew and trw, were cloned from olive leaves (olea europaea) and from dandelion roots (taraxacum officinale), respectively, by the pcr method with primers designed from the conserved sequences found in the known oxidosqualene cyclases. their orfs consisted of 2274 bp nucleotides and coded for 758 amino acid long polypeptides. they shared high sequence identity (78%) to each other, while they showed only about 60% identities to the known triterpene syntha ...199910542078
the mads-domain protein agamous-like 15 accumulates in embryonic tissues with diverse origins.agl15 (agamous-like 15), a member of the mads-domain family of regulatory factors, accumulates preferentially in the organs and tissues derived from double fertilization in flowering plants (i.e. the embryo, suspensor, and endosperm). the developmental role of agl15 is still undefined. if it is involved in embryogenesis rather than some other aspect of seed biology, then agl15 protein should accumulate whenever development proceeds in the embryonic mode, regardless of the origin of those embryos ...199910318690
taraxacum officinale restores inhibition of nitric oxide production by cadmium in mouse peritoneal macrophages.nitric oxide (no) produced at high concentrations by the inducible no synthase is an important effector molecule involved in immune regulation and defense. the involvement of no in the toxicity of cadmium (cd) has been proposed. we have established that cd inhibits the production of no by recombinant ifn-gamma (rifn-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. in the present study, we searched restoration drug against the inhibition of no production by cd in oriental me ...19989653673
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