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ascaridia galli infection in a checkered keelback (xenochrophis piscator) snake.the checkered keelback is also known as asiatic water snake and is common species of non-venomous snake known to occur in india. the present study report the occurrence of ascaridia galli infection in a checkered keelback snake, which was found dead near veterinary college hostel premises. the post-mortem examination of the snake revealed catarrhal exudate without ingesta in the stomach and showed gastric ulcerations with edema. large numbers of round worms were packed in the lumen of small inte ...201728316392
assessment of health and welfare of austrian laying hens at slaughter demonstrates influence of husbandry system and season.1. selected health and welfare variables of laying hens from 79 flocks kept in alternative husbandry systems were assessed at the end of lay. 2. investigations were carried out on 100 hens per flock at the slaughter line and recorded as part of a novel scoring system. in addition, post-mortem investigations as well as parasitological examinations were conducted on 10 birds from each flock. 3. birds with access to free range had better plumage than birds kept in barn systems. housing in aviaries ...201728084805
occurrence and hat-rapd analysis of gastrointestinal helminths in domestic chickens (gallus gallus domesticus) in phayao province, northern thailand.the present study determined the prevalence and distribution of gastrointestinal helminths in domestic chickens (gallus gallus domesticus) between november 2012 and august 2013. one hundred and twenty domestic chickens were purchased from villages in four districts of phayao province; mae chai, dok khamtai, chun and chiang kham. morphological differences were used to identify the helminth species, and hat-rapd technique was used to differentiate among closely related species. the results reveale ...201728053568
maternal protection against ascaridia galli?maternally derived antibodies can provide partial protection against certain bacterial and viral infections. we investigated whether chicks descending from nematode-infected hens are more resistant against ascaridia galli, a prevalent gastrointestinal nematode, than chicks from nematode-free mothers. one-day-old chicks (n=153) from infected (mab+; maternal antibody+) or uninfected control dams (mab-) were experimentally infected with a. galli at two different levels (100 or 1000 eggs/chick). the ...201728043387
coprodiagnosis of echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs from ankara, turkey.the present study were undertaken to compare two isolation techniques (centrifugal flotation and sedimentation) for recovering taeniid eggs from faecal samples, to identify e. granulosus dna from taeniid eggs by pcr, and to determine the prevalence of e. granulosus in dogs in villages. faecal samples were collected from 100 dogs in ankara province. taenia spp. eggs were found in 27% of dogs faeces. echinococcus granulosus-specific pcr was obtained in 14 (51.85%) of the taeniid eggs-positive samp ...201728606323
cuticular surface damage of ascaridia galli adult worms treated with veitchia merrillii betel nuts extract in vitro.the objective of this research was to in vitro evaluate the cuticular surface damage of ascaridia galli adult worms treated with ethanolic extract of betel nuts veitchia merrillii.201728831213
demonstration of biological activities of extracts from isodon rugosus wall. ex benth: separation and identification of bioactive phytoconstituents by gc-ms analysis in the ethyl acetate extract.since long, natural sources have been explored for possible managements of various diseases. in this context, the study is designed to evaluate isodon rugosus wall. ex benth for biological potentials including antibacterial, anthelmintic, insecticidal, anti-termites and anti-pharaoh activities followed by gc-ms analysis of active fraction to identify various bioactive compounds.201728558679
evaluation of benzimidazole resistance status in ascaridia galli.susceptability of ascaridia galli to benzimidazole (bz) was investigated using faecal egg count reduction test (fecrt), in ovo larval development test (ldt) and genetic markers (mutations at codons 167, 198 and 200 of β-tubulin gene). six flocks (f1-f6) of a commercial laying hen farm with different number of exposure to bz were recruited. the fecr was calculated by analyzing individual faeces (f1, f2, f4 and f5) before and 10 days after treatment. the ldt was performed on parasite eggs from poo ...201728514980
immune responses following experimental infection with ascaridia galli and necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.broilers commonly suffer from necrotic enteritis (ne). other gastrointestinal infectious diseases affect poultry, including nematode infections which are considered a re-emerging disease in barn and free-range systems. the aim of this study was to characterize the immune response of broilers after artificial infection with ne and contrast these with responses to the nematode ascaridia galli and determine whether immune parameters measured during the course of infection can be used to distinguish ...201728503936
survival and development of chicken ascarid eggs in temperate pastures.eggs of chicken ascarids (ascaridia galli and heterakis spp.) are believed to be hardy and survive for long periods. however, this has not been evaluated quantitatively and our study therefore aimed to determine development and recovery of chicken ascarid eggs after burying in pasture soil. unembryonated eggs were mixed with soil, placed in sealed nylon bags and buried at 7 cm depth in pasture plots april (spring, n = 72) and december 2014 (winter, n = 72). eight randomly selected bags per seaso ...201728482946
a comprehensive evaluation of an elisa for the diagnosis of the two most common ascarids in chickens using plasma or egg yolks.classical faecal egg counts (fec) provide less reliable diagnostic information for nematode infections in chickens. we developed an elisa based on ascaridia galli antigens and tested two hypotheses, as follows: (i) igy antibodies developed against a. galli will also be useful to identify heterakis gallinarum infections, and (ii) circulating antibodies stored in egg yolks are as good as plasma samples, so a non-invasive diagnosis is possible. the aim of this study, therefore, was to compare the d ...201728420423
variation in lipid and fatty acid uptake among nematode and cestode parasites and their host, domestic fowl: host-parasite interaction.lipid synthesis is an important process in most organisms as well as in helminths. the present observation shows the variation of lipid and fatty acid uptake among cestode, raillietina (fuhrmannetta) echinobothrida; nematode, ascaridia galli and their host, gallus domesticus, the common country fowl. total lipid (tl), neutral lipid (nl), glycolipid (gl), phospholipid (pl) and their fatty acid of cestode, nematode and liver and intestinal fluid of the host were analyzed by thin layer chromatograp ...201627876973
gastrointestinal helminth parasites of local chickens from selected communities in nsukka region of south eastern nigeria.the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths of local chickens in nsukka region of southeastern nigeria was studied using 125 free range local birds purchased from four communities in nsukka zone namely, obollo-afor, orba, nsukka urban and owerre eze-orba. the birds were sacrificed humanely and their oesophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine and caecum examined for the presence of gastrointestinal helminths. worms when present were isolated and identified using standard parasito ...201627876952
prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites of backyard chickens (gallus domesticus) in and around shimoga.the present study was conducted for 1 year from march 2010 to february 2011 to identify gastro-intestinal parasites of backyard chickens and to estimate its prevalence in and around shimoga, a malnad region of karnataka. a total of 250 gastro-intestinal tracts were collected from backyard chickens for the detection of gastrointestinal parasites. among the 250 birds screened, 183 (73.2 %) were found positive for gastrointestinal parasites by gross examination of gastrointestinal tract. out of 183 ...201627605824
cross sectional epidemiological investigation on the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in free range chickens in narsingdi district, bangladesh.rural poultry production in bangladesh is mainly based on the free range or backyard poultry production system. this backyard poultry plays a vital tool for poverty alleviation as well as for empowerment of poor women of this country. however, this production system has disadvantage of susceptibility to many diseases including higher burden of parasitic infection. therefore this cross sectional epidemiological investigation was done to determine the prevalence and distribution of gastrointestina ...201627605790
prevalence of the gastro-intestinal parasites of domestic chicken gallus domesticus linnaeus, 1758 in tunisia according to the agro-ecological zones.helminthosis is a very important disease affecting the poultry industry, especially the traditionally reared free ranging chickens. in tunisia, the poultry production is considered as the most important source of protein in as much as chickens provide 53 % of animal protein production. the traditionally reared poultry farming system exposes chickens to many types of parasites, however, very little work has been done to establish the extend of helminth infection in tunisia. the aim of this work i ...201627605783
seasonal prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in desi fowl (gallus gallus domesticus) in and around gannavaram, andhra pradesh.a study was carried out to know the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in desi fowl in and nearby villages of gannavaram, andhra pradesh for a period of 1 year. screening of 492 samples comprising faecal samples and gastrointestinal tracts from freshly slaughtered desi birds at local poultry shops and samples from post mortem examinations at ntr college of veterinary science, gannavaram revealed 63.21 % of gastrointestinal parasites. faecal samples were examined by floatation technique usi ...201627605762
comparison between anthelmintic treatment strategies against ascaridia galli in commercial laying hens.the efficacy of a sustainable deworming strategy based on targeted treatments (tt) against ascaridia galli was investigated for the first time in laying hen flocks on a swedish commercial farm. three experimental protocols with different levels of treatment, e.g. targeted treatment (tt), conventional treatment (ct) and untreated (ut), were tested in randomly allocated flocks of two different bird hybrids. every second week faecal egg counts (fecs) were determined from pooled faecal materials col ...201627514895
helminth infection is associated with hen mortality in danish organic egg production.the aim of this study was to investigate whether two highly prevalent helminth infections (ascaridia galli and heterakis species) are associated with an increased mortality rate for hens at the peak of lay. an observational event study with 11 farms was conducted between 2012 and 2013, with weekly mortality recordings and grouping of the farms into low-infected with a galli and heterakis species (0-200 epg of faeces) or high-infected (over 200 epg of faeces). survival analysis was performed usin ...201627436011
ascaridia galli induced ulcerative proventriculitis in a poultry bird.various possible causes of proventriculitis include virus, bacteria, fungus, protozoans, nematodes, biogenic amines and excessive copper sulphate. in the present case, parasites were found in the lumen of the proventriculus, gizzard and duodenum of a poultry bird. characteristic features of the parasite were studied and confirmed as ascaridia galli. an ulcerative proventriculitis evident as denuded superficial epithelium, sub-epithelial hemorrhages, infiltration of the inflammatory cells and fib ...201627413342
a description of village chicken production systems and prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites: case studies in limpopo and kwazulu-natal provinces of south africa.the majority of rural households in developing countries own village chickens that are reared under traditional scavenging systems with few inputs and exposure to various parasitic infestations. understanding of the village chicken farming system and its influence on helminth infestation is a prerequisite for optimal prevention and control strategies. this study investigated the village chicken production system and associated gastrointestinal parasites in 87 households from limpopo (n = 39) and ...201627247063
the efficacy of flubendazole against different developmental stages of the poultry roundworm ascaridia galli in laying hens.infection with the poultry roundworm ascaridia galli has increased in european countries due to the ban on battery cages. this study was conducted in two commercial laying hen flocks (f1 & f2) on different farms in central sweden. the aims were to (1) investigate the efficacy of flubendazole (flbz, 1.43 mg/kg administered in drinking water for 7 days) against adult and larval stages including histotrophic larvae of a. galli, and (2) determine how long it took before the flocks were reinfected af ...201626872930
population genetic structure of ascaridia galli of extensively raised chickens of south africa.ascaridia galli is one of the most common nematode affecting chickens. this study characterized a. galli parasites collected from south african village chickens of limpopo (n=18) and kwazulu-natal (n=22) provinces using the 510bp sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene of the mitochondrial dna. fourteen and 12 polymorphic sites were observed for limpopo and kwazulu-natal sequences, respectively. six haplotypes were observed in total. haplotype diversity was high and ranged from 0.749 fo ...201626801600
embryonation ability of ascaridia galli eggs isolated from worm uteri or host faeces.experimental infection models for ascaridia galli rely on the use of eggs isolated either directly from worm uteri or from host faeces. we investigated whether a. galli eggs isolated from the two sources differ in their embryonation ability. a. galli eggs originating from 12 worm infrapopulations were isolated both from faeces of the living host (faecal eggs) and directly from worm uteri after host necropsy (uterine eggs). the isolated eggs from each infrapopulation and source were incubated in ...201626790734
associations between and development of welfare indicators in organic layers.the retail market share of organic eggs in denmark is high, and the consumers expect high animal welfare standards in the organic production. documentation of animal welfare is important, however, knowledge about the associations between animal-based welfare indicators is limited. the aims of the study were to investigate the associations between selected welfare indicators at two ages (peak and end of lay), and to examine the development with age of the chosen welfare indicators. the chosen wel ...201626753536
ultrastructure of ascaridia galli (schrank, 1788) (nematoda: ascaridida) from the endangered green peafowl pavo muticus linnaeus (galliformes: phasianidae).ascaridia galli (schrank, 1788) is a common parasite of various galliform birds worldwide. although a. galli has been extensively studied by many author, knowledge of the morphology of this species in detail is still insufficient. in the present paper, the detailed morphology of a. galli was further studied using light and scanning electron microscopy, based on specimens collected from the endangered green peafowl pavo muticus linnaeus (galliformes: phasianidae) in china. the results revealed so ...201626751873
prevalence and magnitude of helminth infections in organic laying hens (gallus gallus domesticus) across europe.helminths are associated with health- and welfare problems in organic laying hens. the present observational cross-sectional study therefore aimed to estimate the prevalence and worm burdens of intestinal helminths in organic flocks of laying hens in 8 european countries, and to identify management factors that might be associated with helminth infections, with emphasis on ascaridia galli. data on flock-level management factors (e.g. nutritional factors, litter quality, housing system, opening- ...201526518645
new records of three species of nematodes in cerdocyon thous from the brazilian pantanal wetlands.we report the occurrence of nematodes collected from the gut of roadkilled crab-eating foxes (two adult males and one juvenile female), cerdocyon thous (linnaeus, 1766), found on the br 262 highway in mato grosso do sul state, brazil in 2011. three helminth species were identified: ancylostoma buckleyi, pterygodermatites (multipectines) pluripectinata, and ascaridia galli. these nematodes are reported for the first time to infect c. thous from the brazilian pantanal wetlands, thereby expanding t ...201526444063
natural infection of free-range chickens with the ascarid nematode toxocara sp.human toxocariasis may be acquired by eating raw chicken liver. however, there are no reports on the prevalence of natural infection of chickens with toxocara. the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of anti-toxocara antibodies as indicators of natural infection with toxocara, in free-range chickens from espírito santo state, brazil. an elisa test with secretory and excretory toxocara canis antigens was used. negative controls were 20 industrial chickens reared in a high hygiene stand ...201526319520
effects of alcoholic extract of curcuma longa on ascaridia infestation affecting chicken.ascaridia galli, the common intestinal nematode, remains a major cause of economic loss in the poultry industry in developing countries. treatments using chemicals are not only expensive but also affect host health. plant extracts as better alternative is gaining significance. here, we have studied the effects of alcoholic extract of turmeric, curcuma longa l. (zingiberaceae) roots, against a. galli infection in chicken. different concentrations of c. longa root extract were tested in vitro on 5 ...201526245030
parasiticidal and brine shrimp cytotoxicity potential of crude methanolic extract of rind of punica granatum linn against round worms and tape worms.rind of punica granatum is traditionally used for anthelmintic purposes. the current work describes the possible anthelmintic activity of crude methanolic extract of punica granatum (pg. cr) against round worms (ascaridia galli) and the tape worms (raillietina spiralis). brine shrimp cytotoxicity is also performed. brine shrimp cytotoxic activity was tested using different concentrations (1000 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml) of pg.cr. in vitro anthelmintic activity of pg. cr was determined agains ...201526004729
the jejunal cellular responses in chickens infected with a single dose of ascaridia galli eggs.this histopathological study was carried out in order to investigate the cellular response in the jejunum to ascaridia galli during the first 7 weeks of infection. fourty-two isa brown chickens (7 weeks old) were infected orally with 500 embryonated a. galli eggs each while 28 chickens were left as uninfected controls. six infected and four control chickens were necropsied at each time point 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days post-infection (dpi). samples for histopathology were taken from three s ...201525877388
the use of genetically marked infection cohorts to study changes in establishment rates during the time course of a repeated ascaridia galli infection in chickens.this study investigated the changes in establishment rates during the time course of a 6 week trickle infection of chickens with ascaridia galli at two different dose levels, using a molecular marker. to differentiate early and late infection, two different egg cohorts (haplotype a and haplotype b, genetically identified using pcr-linked restriction fragment length polymorphism on the cox1 gene of the mitochondrial dna) were used. cohort-specific egg batches were produced by harvesting eggs from ...201525812834
prevalence of ascaridia galli in white leghorn layers and fayoumi-rhode island red crossbred flock at government poultry farm dina, punjab, pakistan.poultry farming not only provides high nutritious food but also creates employment opportunity for rural masses. documented evidences elaborates that helminth parasitism is most deciduous problem of chickens especially in developing world. ascaridia (a.) galli, a nematode of small intestine, has been considered as the most common and important parasite of chicken. the present study was carried out to investigate prevalence and severity of a. galli in white leghorn layers (housing type: battery c ...201525801250
environmental tolerance of free-living stages of the poultry roundworm ascaridia galli.the poultry roundworm ascaridia galli is re-emerging in laying hens in many european countries due to the increase in non-caged housing. a series of in vitro experiments was carried out to study the in ovo larval development (embryonation) under different environmental conditions. between 83% and 96% of the eggs developed to l3 within 7-21 days of incubation in water between 20 and 30°c. twenty-six percent completed development at 33°c and 4% at 35°c after 31 days. at 15°c parasite egg developme ...201525720552
prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in banaraja fowls reared in semi-intensive system of management in mayurbhanj district of odisha.studies on the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths infection in banaraja fowls of three blocks (chandua, shamakhunta and bangriposi) of mayurbhanj district in odisha with respect to semi-intensive system of rearing.201527065637
diurnal fluctuations in nematode egg excretion in naturally and in experimentally infected chickens.we investigated whether nematode egg excretion through feces of naturally or experimentally infected chickens follow certain patterns within a day, which may allow determining the most appropriate sampling time for the highest parasite egg concentration. feces samples (n=864) from chickens (n=36) with naturally occurring mixed nematode infections (trials n1, n2) or with an experimental ascaridia galli infection (e) were collected quantitatively every 4h for four consecutive days. number of eggs ...201525700938
gastrointestinal parasitic infections in chickens of upper gangetic plains of india with special reference to poultry coccidiosis.studies on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of chicken reared under backyard and intensive systems were carried out in two north indian states viz., uttar pradesh and uttarakhand. out of 58 poultry farms screened for gastrointestinal parasites, 81.03 % were positive for eimeria spp., 15.52 % for ascaridia galli, 3.45 % for hetarakis gallinarum, 1.72 % for syngamus trachea, 5.17 % for capillaria spp, 1.72 % for raillietina spp., 1.72 % for trichostrongylus tenuis, 1.72 % for choanotae ...201525698854
immune gene expression in the spleen of chickens experimentally infected with ascaridia galli.ascaridia galli is a gastrointestinal nematode infecting chickens. chickens kept in alternative rearing systems or at free-range experience increased risk for infection with resulting high prevalences. a. galli infection causes reduced weight gain, decreased egg production and in severe cases increased mortality. more importantly, the parasitised chickens are more susceptible to secondary infections and their ability to develop vaccine-induced protective immunity against other diseases may be co ...201525649508
genetic variation for worm burdens in laying hens naturally infected with gastro-intestinal nematodes.1. genetic parameters were determined for the worm burden of the most common gastro-intestinal nematodes in two chicken genotypes after being exposed to free-range farming conditions for a laying period. 2. seventeen-week-old hens of 2 brown genotypes, lohmann brown (lb) plus (n = 230) and lb classic (n = 230), were reared for a laying period and subjected to post-mortem parasitological examinations at 79 weeks (lb plus) or 88 weeks (lb classic) of age. 3. there was no significant difference in ...201525486507
ascaridia nymphii n. sp. (nematoda: ascaridida) from the alimentary tract of a severely emaciated dead cockatiel nymphicus hollandicus.this report describes ascaridia nymphii n. sp., a new species isolated from the alimentary tract of cockatiel nymphicus hollandicus in japan. more than 63 nematodes were found in the formalin-fixed small intestine, ventriculus, proventriculus and crop of a 48-day-old young cockatiel that died after exhibiting severe emaciation. no nematode eggs were observed in the faecal examination performed while the cockatiel was alive, but cryptosporidium oocysts were found. the intestinal mucosa was damage ...201526276643
heavy metals analysis, phytochemical, phytotoxic and anthelmintic investigations of crude methanolic extract, subsequent fractions and crude saponins from polygonum hydropiper l.polygonum hydropiper l decoctions are traditionally used in the treatment of various ailments including inflammation, dyspepsia, diarrhea, menorrhagia, hemorrhoids, helminthiasis and cns disorders. present study was undertaken to investigate p. hydropiper l. for heavy metals content, phytoconstituents, phytotoxic and anthelmintic activities to explore its toxicological and pharmacological potentials and rationalize its ethnomedicinal uses.201425472835
cytokine gene expression profiles in chicken spleen and intestinal tissues during ascaridia galli infection.in the poultry production industry, chickens with access to outdoor areas are exposed to a wide range of parasites e.g. the helminth ascaridia galli. by real-time quantitative rt-pcr, the relative gene expression of the t helper 1 (th1) cytokine ifn-γ, the t helper 2 (th2) cytokine il-13, the anti-inflammatory cytokines il-10 and tgf-β4 and the pro-inflammatory cytokine il-17f were determined over a period of 3 weeks in a. galli and non-a. galli-infected chickens. a characteristic th2 response w ...201425468030
establishment of gastro-intestinal helminth infections in free-range chickens: a longitudinal on farm study.the objective of this study was to monitor establishment and development of gastro-intestinal helminth infections in chickens over two production years (py) on a free-range farm in lower saxony, germany. the data were collected between july 2010 and june 2011 (py1) and july 2011 and january 2013 (py2), respectively. during py1, lohmann brown classic (lb classic, n = 450) was tested, while in py2 two different genotypes (230 lb classic, 230 lb plus) were used. the hens were kept in two mobile sta ...201425080825
acquisition of resistance after continuous infection with ascaridia galli in chickens.summary acquired resistance against ascaridia galli infection was studied in seventy-two 18-week-old white leghorn chickens allocated to six groups (g1-g6). in order to understand the population dynamics following trickle-infection (100 eggs per chicken twice weekly), chickens of subgroups of g1 were necropsied 3 days after 1, 6 or 12 inoculations (g1a, g1b and g1c respectively), while g2-g4 were inoculated for 6 weeks. g2 was necropsied 4 weeks after the last inoculation. the number of establis ...201425003836
molecular identification of heterakis spumosa obtained from brown rats (rattus norvegicus) in japan and its infectivity in experimental mice.heterakis spumosa is a nematode of invasive rodents, mainly affiliated with rattus spp. of asian origin. despite the ecological importance and cosmopolitan distribution, little information is available on the genetic characteristics and infectivity to experimental animals of this roundworm. heterakis isolates obtained from naturally infected brown rats caught in 2007 in the city of sagamihara, east central honshu, japan, and maintained by laboratory passages were subjected to mitochondrial seque ...201424997621
survival of ascaris suum and ascaridia galli eggs in liquid manure at different ammonia concentrations and temperatures.eggs of ascaris suum from pigs are highly resistant and commonly used as a conservative indicator of pathogen inactivation during slurry storage. eggs of ascaridia galli, the poultry ascarid, are also known to be highly resistant but the suitability as an indicator of pathogen inactivation has never been tested. pig slurry has to be stored for several months to inactivate pathogens but chemical treatment of slurry may reduce this time. the suitability of a. galli as an indicator of slurry sanita ...201424893691
response to ascaridia galli infection in growing chickens in relation to their body weight.it was hypothesized that chickens with extremely varying body weights (bw) from an otherwise homogeneous host sample cope differently with ascaridia galli (schrank 1788) infection. small and large birds, falling into either the lower or the upper 5% quantiles of bw distribution of a parent stock flock, were selected at an age of 4 weeks, housed separately and fed restrictively with the same amount of feed. at week 5, all the small and large birds (635 and 1,297 g/bird, respectively; p < 0.001) w ...201424585156
ascaridia galli infection influences the development of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity after newcastle disease vaccination in chickens.potent vaccine efficiency is crucial for disease control in both human and livestock vaccination programmes. free range chickens and chickens with access to outdoor areas have a high risk of infection with parasites including ascaridia galli, a gastrointestinal nematode with a potential influence on the immunological response to vaccination against other infectious diseases. the purpose of this study was to investigate whether a. galli infection influences vaccine-induced immunity to newcastle d ...201424269617
gastrointestinal parasites of free-range chickens.the aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of parasitic gastrointestinal infections in free-range chickens from the west pomerania province. experimental material for the study was taken from 10 farms. breeds raised in farms participating in the study included miniature chickens called polish lilliputians and green- legged partridge. a total of 104 samples of faeces were examined. the willis-schlaff flotation method was used to assess the prevalence of infection, and mcma ...201425706430
ascaridia galli infection affects pullets differently when feed is contaminated with the fusarium toxin deoxynivalenol (don).the fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (don) is a common contaminant of cereal grains used as animal feed. don is known for its cytotoxic and anti-proliferative properties and might adversely affect the health of poultry. the prevalence of the intestinal parasitizing roundworm ascaridia galli is higher in outdoor housing systems and has been associated with maldigestion and malabsorption. it was hypothesized that ingested don might not only affect the pullet itself but could also act on the nemat ...201324113465
in vitro and in vivo screening of anthelmintic activity of ginger and curcumin on ascaridia galli.intestinal helmintic infection, continue to be a cause of major concern in several parts of the world, particularly in the developing nations. the use of plant extracts to control poultry helminths is increasing in different rearing systems. the anthelmintic activity of ginger and curcumin was studied on the nematode ascaridia galli. in vitro and in vivo studies were allocated. live parasites for in vitro studies were collected from the intestine of naturally infected chickens. some living worms ...201324046262
molecular characterization of ascaridia galli infecting native chickens in egypt.family: ascaridae as a whole is distributed among africa and adjacent regions and in many areas of the world. the nematode ascaridia galli is one of the most pathogenic and economically important parasites of poultry. the adult affect the small intestine of the hosts feeding on digested food materials. its control costs million dollars annually. the genomic dna was extracted from nematode parasites, a. galli, from specific host, native chickens. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was applied to ...201323793336
acute toxicity, brine shrimp cytotoxicity, anthelmintic and relaxant potentials of fruits of rubus fruticosus agg.rubus fruticosus is used in tribal medicine as anthelmintic and an antispasmodic. in the current work, we investigated the anthelmintic and antispasmodic activities of crude methanol extract of fruits of r. fruticosus on scientific grounds. acute toxicity and brine shrimp cytotoxicity activity of the extract were also performed.201323773797
no protection in chickens immunized by the oral or intra-muscular immunization route with ascaridia galli soluble antigen.in chickens, the nematode ascaridia galli is found with prevalences of up to 100% causing economic losses to farmers. no avian nematode vaccines have yet been developed and detailed knowledge about the chicken immune response towards a. galli is therefore of great importance. the objective of this study was to evaluate the induction of protective immune responses to a. galli soluble antigen by different immunization routes. chickens were immunized with a crude extract of a. galli via an oral or ...201323718808
sequencing of the β-tubulin genes in the ascarid nematodes parascaris equorum and ascaridia galli.benzimidazoles (bz) are used to control infections of the equine roundworm parascaris equorum and the poultry roundworm ascaridia galli. there are still no reports of anthelmintic resistance (ar) to bz in these two nematodes, although ar to bz is widespread in several other veterinary parasites. several single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) in the β-tubulin genes have been associated with bz-resistance. in the present study we have sequenced β-tubulin genes: isotype 1 and isotype 2 of p. equorum ...201323685342
population dynamics of ascaridia galli following single infection in young chickens.the population dynamics of ascaridia galli was studied in 70 isa brown layer pullets, 42 of them were each experimentally infected with 500 embryonated a. galli eggs and 28 chickens were kept as uninfected controls. six chickens from the infected group and 4 from the control group were necropsied at 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days post-infection (d.p.i.). the mean worm recovery varied from 11-20% of the infection dose with the highest recovery at 3 d.p.i. and the lowest at 21 and 42 d.p.i. (p < ...201323673198
proteomic analysis of ascaridia galli. identification of immunoreactive proteins in naturally and experimentally infected hens.ascaridia galli, intestinal parasite of domestic fowl, is responsible of economic losses in avian exploitations. however, molecular mechanisms that govern avian ascaridiasis remain largely unknown. the aim of the present work was to identify proteins of a. galli recognized by the immune system of naturally and experimentally infected hens, using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de) and mass spectrometry (ms). sixteen immunoreactive proteins of a. galli were identified. these proteins are mainl ...201323578998
sequence variation in three mitochondrial dna genes among isolates of ascaridia galli originating from guangdong, hunan and yunnan provinces, china.the present study examined sequence variation in three mitochondrial dna (mtdna) genes, namely cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 (cox3) and nadh dehydrogenase subunits 1 and 4 (nad1 and nad4), among ascaridia galli isolates from different geographical localities in china. a portion of cox3 (pcox3), nad1 (pnad1) and nad4 (pnad4) genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) separately from adult a. galli individuals and the amplicons were subjected to sequencing from both directions. the l ...201323046568
comparison of parasite-specific immunoglobulin levels in two chicken lines during sustained infection with ascaridia galli.increasingly large numbers of poultry are held in production systems with access to outdoor areas. in these systems intestinal helminths are found with flock prevalences of up to 100%. helminth infections influence chicken health negatively, which is why the following investigation has been performed. in the present experiment, 20 chickens of two inbred chicken lines containing the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) haplotypes, b14 and r5, were inoculated with 500 embryonated ascaridia galli ...201322981407
ascaridia galli in chickens: intestinal localization and comparison of methods to isolate the larvae within the first week of infection.this study was conducted to observe the localization and to compare methods for isolation of minute ascaridia galli larvae in chicken intestine. firstly, six 7-week-old layer pullets were orally infected with 2,000 embryonated a. galli eggs and necropsied either at 3, 5 or 7 days post infection (dpi). more than 95 % of the recovered larvae were obtained from the anterior half of the jejunoileum, suggesting this part as the initial predilection site for a. galli larvae. secondly, the intestinal w ...201222915270
population genetic structure of ascaridia galli re-emerging in non-caged laying hens.the poultry roundworm ascaridia galli has reappeared in hens kept for egg production in sweden after having been almost absent a decade ago. today this is a frequent intestinal nematode parasite in non-caged laying hens. the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity (fst) in a. galli collected from different poultry production sites in southern sweden, to identify possible common routes of colonization.201222607623
anthelmintic effects of citrus peels ethanolic extracts against ascaridia galli.the use of phytogenic bioactive compounds to control poultry helminthes is increasing in different production systems. in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of citrus peels against ascaridia galli was investigated. ethanolic extracts of three citrus peels species were suspended in 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) to form an experimental composition (ec). ec was mainly composed of limonene (96%), followed by β-pinene (1.5%), α-pinene (0.5%), and sabinene (0.3%). for in vitro investigation, adu ...201222463876
anthelmintic and relaxant activities of verbascum thapsus mullein.verbascum thapsus is used in tribal medicine as an antispasmodic, anti-tubercular agent and wormicide. in this study, we investigated the antispasmodic and anthelmintic activities of crude aqueous methanolic extract of the plant.201222463730
gastrointestinal helminths are highly prevalent in scavenging chickens of selected districts of eastern shewa zone, ethiopia.a cross-sectional survey on gastrointestinal helminths was conducted on 124 chickens raised under traditional management system in two selected districts namely ada'a and adamitulu of eastern shewa zone, ethiopia. of these chickens, 111 (89.5%) were found to harbor one of the five different helminth parasites and 13 (10.48%) were free of helminths parasites. the study also found that 103 (83.0%) and 72 (58.0%) of the examined chickens were invariably infected by diverse species of cestodes and n ...201224175425
prevalence and impact of gastrointestinal helminths on body weight gain in backyard chickens in subtropical and humid zone of jammu, india.necropsy of gastrointestinal tract of 125 free-range chickens from a subtropical and humid zone of northwestern india revealed four nematode spp. (ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, capillaria spp. and cheilospirura hamulosa) and four cestode spp. (raillietina cesticillus, raillietina echinobothrida, raillietina tetragona and amoebotaenia cuneata) the overall prevalence of the helminth parasites was 72.0%. amongst various helminth species encountered in the region, a. galli emerged out as th ...201223543701
prevalence of parasites and associated risk factors in domestic pigeons (columba livia domestica) and free-range backyard chickens of sistan region, east of iran.this study was carried out on free-range backyard chickens and domestic pigeons (columba livia domestica) from december 2010 to november 2011 to determine the prevalence, intensity and species of internal and external parasites in sistan region, east of iran. of the total of 59 (27 males and 32 females) free-range backyard chickens and 46 (26 males and 20 females) domestic pigeons inspected, 55 (93.22 %) and 39 (84.78 %) were infected respectively. ten species of free-range backyard chickens par ...201224082532
ascaridiasis in peafowl pavo cristatus (phasianidae) due to ascaridia galli schrank, 1788.twelve white peafowl (pavo cristatus) affected by an outbreak of an intestinal disease were referred for more detailed examination at the universidade estadual de santa cruz-ba, brazil. during the course of the disease, peachicks were severely affected, with enteric signs such as diarrhea plus dehydration, decreased feed intake and progressive weight loss. after examination, 8 of 12 samples (66.6%) presented single or mixed nematode infection and ascarid eggs were the most frequent finding on fe ...201223082523
efficacy of allicin from garlic against ascaridia galli infection in chickens.the use of garlic as a treatment against helminth infections is increasing in organic layer farms in several european countries. its efficacy against these parasites, however, has not been demonstrated thus far. therefore, a study was conducted to determine the efficacy of a commercially available garlic product consisting of a high concentration of allicin (i.e., the main active component of garlic) against experimentally induced ascaridia galli infection in chickens. in total, 450 lohmann lsl- ...201121248333
immunopathogenesis of ascaridia galli infection in layer chicken.gastro-intestinal nematode infections in mammals are associated with local t lymphocyte infiltrations, th2 cytokine induction, and alterations in epithelial cell secretion and absorption. this study demonstrates that ascaridia (a.) galli infection in chicken also elicits local gut-associated immune reactions and changes in the intestinal electrogenic nutrient transport. in a. galli-infected birds we observed infiltrations of different t cell populations in the intestinal lamina propria and accum ...201121382408
identification of ascaridia numidae in guinea fowl (numida meleagris) and association with elevated mortality.an outbreak of ascaridiasis occurred in 10-wk-old guinea fowl (numida meleagris) on a commercial farm. birds had exhibited elevated mortality (11.66%) in the previous week, as well as increased water consumption, weakness, anorexia, and stunted growth. numerous nematodes, occasionally occluding the intestinal lumen, were present in the jejunum and ileum and were identified as ascaridia numidae based on microscopic morphology. ribosomal dna 18s and 28s d3 sequences of the nematode were deposited ...201121500654
infection dynamics of ascaridia galli in non-caged laying hens.the infection dynamics of ascaridia galli in laying hens was investigated in six commercial non-caged flocks. three flocks were managed in accordance with the regulations for organic production and had outdoor access, whereas three flocks were housed indoors in aviaries or traditional floor systems. faecal egg counts and total worm burdens were determined at specified intervals during the first 50 weeks of the production period. in two conventional flocks the efficacy of flubendazole on lumenal ...201121514056
association study in naturally infected helminth layers shows evidence for influence of interferon-gamma gene variants on ascaridia galli worm burden.abstract: single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the genes for interleukin-4, -13 and interferon-gamma, and 21 additional snps which previously had been significantly associated with immune traits in the chicken, were genotyped in white and brown layer hens and analyzed for their association with helminth burden following natural infections. a nucleotide substitution located upstream of the promoter of the interferon-gamma gene was significantly associated with the log transformed number of a ...201121749701
structure-activity relationship of anthelmintic cyclooctadepsipeptides.the relationship between cyclooctadepsipeptides and their anthelmintic efficacy was examined by converting the natural products, pf1022a, pf1022e and pf1022h. some analogues substituted at the para position of the phenyllactate moiety showed higher or equivalent activity against the parasitic nematode, ascaridia galli in chicken when compared with the parent compounds. it is suggested that lipophilicity and the polar surface area, in addition to structural requirements of the derivatives, influe ...201121737929
pochonia chlamydosporia fungal activity in a solid medium and its crude extract against eggs of ascaridia galli.the present study aimed to evaluate the ovicidal activity (type 3 effect) of vc1 and vc4 isolates of pochonia chlamydosporia in a solid medium and the action of a crude extract of p. chlamydosporia against eggs of ascaridia galli. to evaluate ovicidal activity in culture medium, 1000 a. galli eggs were plated on petri dishes containing 2% water-agar with grown fungal isolates (vc1 or vc4) and without fungus (control group) and were examined at 1, 3 and 5 days post-inoculation (assay a). then, to ...201121838959
The effects of dietary non-starch polysaccharides on Ascaridia galli infection in grower layers.SUMMARYThis study examined whether Ascaridia galli infection can be controlled by dietary non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in chickens. One-day-old chicks were fed either a basal diet (CON) or CON plus insoluble NSP (I-NSP), or CON plus soluble NSP (S-NSP) for 11 weeks. Three weeks later, birds from half of each feeding group were inoculated with 250 embryonated eggs of A. galli, and slaughtered 8 weeks post-infection to determine worm counts. Both NSP diets, particularly S-NSP, increased preval ...201121939584
Localization of Ascaridia galli larvae in the jejunum of chickens 3 days post infection.The normal habitat of the parasitic stages of Ascaridia galli is in the small intestine of poultry but the exact localization is poorly understood. Therefore, a histological study was conducted in order to localize the larvae during the early phase of infection. Six layer pullets seven-week old were infected orally with 20,000 embryonated A. galli eggs each, whereas four chickens were left as un-infected controls. At necropsy 3 days after infection the first half of jejunum/ileum was divided int ...201122133491
Comparative efficacy of flubendazole and a commercially available herbal wormer against natural infections of Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum and intestinal Capillaria spp. in chickens.The efficacy of a commercially available flubendazole-based product and a commercially available herbal product were compared against three species of helminth parasites of chickens: Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum and Capillaria spp. A total of 48 naturally infected chickens were used in the study with 16 birds in each of three treatment groups (untreated control; flubendazole; and a herbal product). One bird from each treatment group was necropsied on Day 0 prior to first treatment to co ...201122024017
surface topographical and ultrastructural alterations of raillietina echinobothrida and ascaridia galli induced by a compound isolated from acacia oxyphylla.the stem bark of acacia oxyphylla graham ex bentham is used as an anthelmintic by the natives of mizoram (north-east india). therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the effect of the active compound isolated from a. oxyphylla on the tegument of adult raillietina echinobothrida and ascaridia galli. the test parasites r. echinobothrida and a. galli were incubated in physiological buffered saline containing 0.0005, 0.001, 0.05, 0.1 and 1mg/ml of the isolated compound. the alterations in the t ...201122265802
major lipid classes and their fatty acids in a parasitic nematode, ascaridia galli.the paper presents major lipid classes and their fatty acids investigated from ascaridia galli, a nematode parasite of country fowl. thin layer chromatography (tlc) reveals that the percent of total lipid, neutral lipid, phospholipids, and glycolipids are 1.94, 54.39, 26.95 and 18.66, respectively. gas-liquid chromatography (glc) analysis shows that the saturated fatty acids are the major components in all the lipid fractions followed by monoenes and dienes. polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) we ...201021526035
mhc haplotype and susceptibility to experimental infections (salmonella enteritidis, pasteurella multocida or ascaridia galli) in a commercial and an indigenous chicken breed.in three independent experimental infection studies, the susceptibility and course of infection of three pathogens considered of importance in most poultry production systems, ascaridia galli, salmonella enteritidis and pasteurella multocida were compared in two chicken breeds, the indigenous vietnamese ri and the commercial luong phuong. furthermore, the association of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) with disease-related parameters was evaluated, using alleles of the lei0258 microsat ...201019945754
effect of extra dietary lysine in ascaridia galli-infected grower layers.the hypothesis examined in this study was that extra dietary lysine (lys) above the recommended standard exerts beneficial effects on the defence reactions, growth performance and nutrient utilization in ascaridia galli-infected chickens. therefore, 1-day-old female lohmann selected leghorn chickens were at first fed standard lys diet (8.5 g lys/kg dm). at 4 weeks of age, the birds were allocated to groups 1 and 3, both being continued on standard lys diet, whereas birds in groups 2 and 4 were s ...201020299150
molecular and parasitological tools for the study of ascaridia galli population dynamics in chickens.experiments were first conducted to compare and evaluate different methods of ascaridia galli larval recovery from the chicken intestine. the number of larvae recovered from the intestinal wall of chickens infected with 1000 embryonated a. galli eggs and killed 15 days post infection (p.i.) by three methods (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid [edta], pepsin digestion and scraping) were compared. the edta and pepsin digestion were found to be the most efficient methods with no significant differenc ...201020390541
paralytic and lethal effects of trichosanthes dioica root extracts in experimental worms.trichosanthes dioica roxb. (cucurbitaceae), called pointed gourd in english, is a dioecious climber and its roots are traditionally used in india as a hydrogouge cathartic, tonic, and febrifuge, and in the treatment of jaundice, anasarca, and ascites.201020695728
genetic resistance to natural helminth infections in two chicken layer lines.groups of lohmann brown (lb) and lohmann selected leghorn (lsl) hens were reared under helminth-free conditions and kept afterwards together in a free range system. mortality rate, body weight development, laying performance and faecal egg counts (fec) were recorded during a 12 month laying period. at the end of the laying period, 246 lsl and 197 lb hens were necropsied and worms counted following the world association for the advancement of veterinary parasitology (w.a.a.v.p.) guidelines. in ad ...201021185121
prevalence of helminth parasites in free-range chickens from selected rural communities in kwazulu-natal province of south africa.a total of 79 chickens were randomly collected from 4 rural localities and processed to detect the presence of helminth parasites and their prevalences. sixteen helminth species comprising 12 nematode and 4 cestode species were recorded from the 4 localities. syngamus trachea and cyathostoma spp. were the only helminth species recovered from the respiratory tract and the rest of the helminth species were from the gastrointestinal tract. the most prevalent nematode species across the 4 localities ...201021247015
parasite egg contamination of vegetables from a suburban market in hanoi, vietnam.helminth egg contamination of vegetables purchased at suburban market in hanoi, vietnam was examined. a total of 317 vegetables were examined and 82 (26%) were revealed to be positive for parasite eggs. of the 15 varieties, 13 were positive except for horseradish and cucumber. contamination was highest in leafy vegetables (31%), followed by root vegetables (17%) and fruit vegetables (3%). throughout the survey, five species of parasite eggs were found: ascaris sp., trichuris sp., toxocara sp., t ...200919968142
[anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of morinda citrifolia fruit on ascaridia galli].the anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of morinda citrifolia fruit (noni) was evaluated in chicken naturally infected by ascaridia galli. the anthelmintic activity in vitro was determined in adult parasites. the aqueous and ethanolic extracts were used in the following concentrations: 1.69; 3.37; 6.74; 13.48 e 26.96 mg.ml(-1) and 4.17; 8.34; 16.68; 33.36 and 66.72 mg.ml(-1), respectively. the anthelmintic activity in vivo was determined by the administration of 10 ml.kg(-1) ...200920040206
do stocking rate and a simple run management practice influence the infection of laying hens with gastrointestinal helminths?the aim of this experiment conducted at four sites in switzerland was to investigate the transmission and infectivity of the two main helminth parasite species of poultry (ascaridia galli and heterakis gallinarum) in outdoor runs with two different stocking rates. additionally, the influence of a simple management practice (mowing of run) on helminth transmission was studied. three run types were created on each site: runs c served as control (stocking rate 10 m(2)/hen, no management), runs b co ...200919019546
antibody and inflammatory responses in laying hens with experimental primary infections of ascaridia galli.ascaridia galli, an intestinal nematode that affects hens and other domestic and wild birds, causes economic losses in avian exploitations. the present work shows that a. galli stimulates a strong antibody response as well as an intense inflammatory reaction, in the intestinal mucous of experimentally infected lohmann brown laying hens. igg antibodies against soluble extracts of a. galli embrionated eggs and adult worms, were detected in both blood and yolks eggs from infected hens during a peri ...200919167166
poultry litter as a source of gastrointestinal helminth infections.the aim of this study carried out in 6 commercial layer houses was to examine the effect of litter management on water content, helminth egg count and litter infectiousness with the intestinal nematodes ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, and capillaria spp. three types of litter management were established in each layer house in parallel: in compartment a, litter was left undisturbed, in compartment b, wet litter was replaced and in compartment c, new litter material was added weekly. dry ma ...200919251370
compositional variations and anthelmentic activity of essential oils from rhizomes of different wild populations of acorus calamus l. and its major component, beta-asarone.hydro-distilled essential oils from acorus calamus rhizomes collected from six different geographical zones in the northwest himalayan region of uttarakhand have been analyzed by gc and gc/ms. all the oils differed in their qualitative and quantitative make up, although beta-asarone was the major constituent of all of them. the essential oils and the isolated beta-asarone were screened for anthelmintic activity using contractility of ascaridia galli. beta-asarone, in particular, showed potent ac ...200919370938
[determination of parasite fauna of chicken in the van region].the aim of this study was to determine the parasite fauna of the chicken in van province in 2002 and 2003. the material of the present study included endoparasites and ectoparasites determined by rutine parasitological examinations. direct, flotation and sedimentation techniques for endoparasites were used. the total of endoparasites and ectoparasites were determined as 85% and 76% respectively. the ratios of endoparasites obtained from the chicken were coccidial oocystis 65%, echinostoma spp. 2 ...200919598095
ascaridia galli infection of pullets and intestinal viscosity: consequences for nutrient retention and gut morphology.1. pullets were given a control diet or a diet supplemented with a non-starch-polysaccharide hydrolysing enzyme preparation (nsp-enzyme) from weeks 6 to 14 of age to induce differences in the viscosity of the small intestinal ingesta. half of each feeding group (n = 25) was infected with 250 embryonated ascaridia galli eggs at an age of 6 weeks. 2. at 14 weeks of age, before the pullets were slaughtered, a balance experiment was conducted, to sample ingesta for viscosity measurements. also, tiss ...200919735021
prevalence and burden of gastrointestinal helminthes among local chickens, in northern jordan.we conducted a cross-sectional study from december 2004 to february 2005 and from june 2005 to august 2005. the study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal and tracheal helminthes among local chickens in northern jordan. a total of 208 male and female local scavenging chickens were selected randomly. we examined the trachea and gastrointestinal tract of each bird for the presence of helminthes. we recovered three nematode and eight cestode species. no trematodes were found. one h ...200818329115
prevalence of parasites of the local scavenging chickens in a selected semi-arid zone of eastern kenya.a study to identify and estimate the prevalence of parasites of local chickens in a semi arid area of kenya was conducted between march 2005 and august 2006. three hundred and sixty (360) local chickens purchased from yathui division of machakos were examined. of those, 93.3% had helminths. nematodes were recovered in 268 (74.4%) chickens whereas 245 (68.1%) had cestodes. tetrameres americana (37.7%), ascaridia galli (33.3%) and heterakis gallinarum (22.8%) were the most important nematode speci ...200818422252
cross-sectional survey on helminth infections of chickens in the samsun region, turkey.a cross-sectional survey was performed to determine the prevalence and intensity of helminth infections in 185 chickens from nine districts in the samsun region, northern turkey between july 1999 and june 2000. in total, 88% of 83 scavenging chickens and 4% of 52 layers from laying batteries were infected, but none of the 50 broilers harboured helminths in the alimentary tract or trachea. the difference in prevalence was statistically significant among broilers, layers from laying batteries and ...200818605376
response of two breeds of chickens to ascaridia galli infections from two geographic sources.comparative resistance to different isolates of ascaridia galli was investigated in a local chicken breed from jordan (lc) and in the lohmann lsl white chicken (lw) strain. in two trials, birds of lc and lw were inoculated orally at 1-day old with 250 embryonated a. galli eggs. in the first trial a german source of a. galli was used, whereas in the second trial, a jordan source of a. galli was used. at week 7 of infection, infected lc birds harbored significantly (p<0.05) fewer worms and excrete ...200717157986
gastrointestinal helminths in indigenous and exotic chickens in vietnam: association of the intensity of infection with the major histocompatibility complex.this study compared the prevalence and intensity of infections of helminths in 2 chicken breeds in vietnam, the indigenous ri and the exotic luong phuong. also, possible correlations with the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) were tested. the most prevalent helminths were ascaridia galli, heterakis beramporia, tetrameres mothedai, capillaria obsignata, raillietina echinobothrida and raillietina tetragona. differences in prevalence and intensity of infection were found between the 2 breeds. ...200717166322
influence of ascaridia galli infections and anthelmintic treatments on the behaviour and social ranks of laying hens (gallus gallus domesticus).in the present study, the effects of an experimental ascaridia galli infection and anthelmintic treatment on the behaviour and social status of laying hens of two different lines were studied. sixty white (lohmann lsl; lsl) and 60 brown (lohmann brown; lb) hens were reared under helminth-free conditions. the hens of each line were divided into four groups. the birds in two of the groups were artificially infected with 250 embryonated a. galli eggs at an age of 27 weeks. the other two groups were ...200717434676
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