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the novel role of β-aescin in attenuating ccl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.β-aescin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and antiedematous properties.201728064552
the efficacy of aesculus hippocastanum seeds on diabetic nephropathy in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model.cytokines, such as transforming growth factor (tgf)-ß1, and increased oxidative stress are considered to be responsible for the development of diabetic nephropathy. we hypothesized that aesculus hippocastanum (ah) seeds may have preventive effects on oxidative stress and tgf-β-related diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin (stz)-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. twenty-one male sprague-dawley albino rats were divided into three groups (n=7). except for the control group, they all had diabeti ...201627424320
molecular mechanism for cellular response to β-escin and its therapeutic implications.β-escin is a mixture of triterpene saponins isolated from the horse chestnut seeds (aesculus hippocastanum l.). the anti-edematous, anti-inflammatory and venotonic properties of β-escin have been the most extensively clinically investigated effects of this plant-based drug and randomized controlled trials have proved the efficacy of β-escin for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. however, despite the clinical recognition of the drug its pharmacological mechanism of action still remain ...201627727329
efficacy test of horse chestnut leaf extract (alh-l1005) as matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in ligature-induced periodontitis in canine model.matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) are the main proteinase associated with periodontal tissue destruction and remodeling. therefore, inhibition of the host-derived mmps is accounted to play a key role in the prevention and reduction of the periodontitis progression. horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.) extracts had been used as a remedy for inflammatory disease, traditionally. this study was performed to assess the clinical effect of alh-l1005 on the periodontitis as mmps inhibitor. alh-l100 ...201627515267
bioaccumulation of metals in the trees of novi sad, serbia.in urban and industrial areas, higher plants are used as biomonitors of exposure. the objective of this study was to assess metals accumulation in leaves of dendroflora for the city of novi sad, serbia, in may and september. the investigation was conducted at three sites in the urban area of novi sad. determination of metals concentration for al, as, cr, mn, fe, co, ni, cu, zn, cd, and pb in the sample was performed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (icp/oes). in the le ...201627459035
selective behaviour of honeybees in acquiring european propolis plant precursors.honey bees harvest resins from various plant species and use them in the hive as propolis. while there have been a number of studies concerning the chemical composition of this antimicrobial product, little is known about selective behavior and bee preference when different potential plant sources of resin are available. the main objective of this paper was to investigate some aspects of behavioral patterns of honeybees in the context of resin acquisition. samples of propolis originating from te ...201627294416
physiological aspects of seed recalcitrance: a case study on the tree aesculus hippocastanum.recalcitrant seeds are typical of some tropical and subtropical trees. their post-shedding life activity proceeds in humid air and wet litter. they are desiccation sensitive and, for this reason, have a short life span and need some special procedures for cryopreservation. this review is devoted to the post-shedding life strategy of recalcitrant seeds, which includes the maintenance of high hydration status, metabolic readiness and ability to rapidly germinate before desiccation-induced damage e ...201627259638
acute effusive pericarditis due to horse chestnut consumption.there are many well-known causes of pericardial effusion, such as cancer metastasis, bacterial or viral pericarditis, and uremic pericarditis; however, no reports exist in the literature demonstrating a pericardial effusion that led to cardiac tamponade following consumption of an herbal remedy.201627141926
potential tree species for use in urban areas in temperate and oceanic climates.this study aims to assess the potential of trees for integration in urban development by evaluating the damage caused by trees in relation to various tree characteristics. tree damage to permeable pavement systems and other urban structures such as impermeable pavements, kerbs, roads, retaining walls, footpaths, walls and buildings were assessed to identify the most suitable trees for the urban environment. one hundred square sites of 100 m × 100 m were randomly selected in greater manchester fo ...201627699277
chemometrics in biomonitoring: distribution and correlation of trace elements in tree leaves.the concentrations of 15 elements were measured in the leaf samples of aesculus hippocastanum, tilia spp., betula pendula and acer platanoides collected in may and september of 2014 from four different locations in belgrade, serbia. the objective was to assess the chemical characterization of leaf surface and in-wax fractions, as well as the leaf tissue element content, by analyzing untreated, washed with water and washed with chloroform leaf samples, respectively. the combined approach of self- ...201626748000
transpiration of urban trees and its cooling effect in a high latitude city.an important ecosystem service provided by urban trees is the cooling effect caused by their transpiration. the aim of this study was to quantify the magnitude of daytime and night-time transpiration of common urban tree species in a high latitude city (gothenburg, sweden), to analyse the influence of weather conditions and surface permeability on the tree transpiration, and to find out whether tree transpiration contributed to daytime or nocturnal cooling. stomatal conductance and leaf transpir ...201626048702
the role of geography and host abundance in the distribution of parasitoids of an alien pest.chalcid wasps (hymenoptera: chalcidoidea) are probably the most effective and abundant parasitoids of the horse chestnut leaf miner (cameraria ohridella), an alien pest in europe that lacks specialized enemies. we studied how the species richness and abundance of chalcids are influenced by altitude, direction of an alien spread and host abundance of c. ohridella. we quantified the numbers and species richness of chalcid wasps and the numbers of c. ohridella that emerged from horse chestnut (aesc ...201626819849
somatic embryogenesis in horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.).embryogenic cultures of horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.) can be obtained from different organs and tissues. we describe here the induction from stamen filaments and the procedures applied for the successive phases of somatic embryo development and maturation. embryogenic tissues are obtained on murashige and skoog medium containing 9.0 μm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. somatic embryos develop after transfer to hormone-free medium enriched with glutamine. maturation and germination of ...201626619878
natural biosorbents (garlic stem and horse chesnut shell) for removal of chromium(vi) from aqueous solutions.the biosorption of cr(vi) by the garlic stem (gs)-allium sativum l. and horse chesnut shell (hcs)-aesculus hippocastanum plant residues in a batch type reactor was studied in detail for the purpose of wastewater treatment. the influence of initial cr(vi) concentration, time, and ph was investigated to optimize cr(vi) removal from aqueous solutions and equilibrium isotherms and kinetic data. this influence was evaluated. the adsorption capacity of the gs and the hcs for cr(vi) was determined with ...201526581609
esculin exhibited anti-inflammatory activities in vivo and regulated tnf-α and il-6 production in lps-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro through mapk pathway.esculin, a coumarinic derivative found in aesculus hippocastanum l. (horse-chestnut), has been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory properties. the present study is designed to investigate the protective effects of esculin on various inflammation models in vivo and in vitro and to clarify the possible mechanism. induced-animal models of inflammation and lipopolysaccharide (lps)-challenged mouse peritoneal macrophages were used to examine the anti-inflammatory activity of esculin. in present ...201526391063
rutosides for treatment of post-thrombotic syndrome.post-thrombotic syndrome (pts) is a long-term complication of deep venous thrombosis (dvt) that is characterised by pain, swelling, and skin changes in the affected limb. one in three patients with dvt will develop post-thrombotic sequelae within five years. rutosides are a group of compounds derived from horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum), a traditional herbal remedy for treating oedema formation in chronic venous insufficiency (cvi). however, it is not known whether rutosides are effectiv ...201526376212
rutosides for prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome.post-thrombotic syndrome (pts) is a long-term complication of deep venous thrombosis (dvt) that is characterised by pain, swelling, and skin changes in the affected limb. one in three patients with dvt will develop post-thrombotic sequelae within five years. the current standard care for the prevention of pts following dvt is elastic compression stockings. rutosides are a group of compounds derived from horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum), a traditional herbal remedy for treating oedema form ...201526373375
the novel approach to the biomonitor survey using one- and two-dimensional kohonen networks.to compare the applicability of the leaves of horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum) and linden (tilia spp.) as biomonitors of trace element concentrations, a coupled approach of one- and two-dimensional kohonen networks was applied for the first time. the self-organizing networks (sons) and the self-organizing maps (soms) were applied on the database obtained for the element accumulation (cr, fe, ni, cu, zn, pb, v, as, cd) and the som for the pb isotopes in the leaves for a multiyear period (2 ...201526353966
perception of photoperiod in individual buds of mature trees regulates leaf-out.experimental data on the perception of day length and temperature in dormant temperate zone trees are surprisingly scarce. in order to investigate when and where these environmental signals are perceived, we carried out bagging experiments in which buds on branches of fagus sylvatica, aesculus hippocastanum and picea abies trees were exposed to natural light increase or kept at constant 8-h days from december until june. parallel experiments used twigs cut from the same trees, harvesting treated ...201526096967
dietary effects on body weight of predatory mites (acari, phytoseiidae).pollen is offered as alternative or supplementary food for predacious mites; however, it may vary in its nutritional value. body weight appears a representative parameter to describe food quality. thus, we assessed the body weight for adults of the generalist mites amblyseius swirskii, amblydromalus limonicus, and neoseiulus cucumeris reared on 22, 12, and 6 pollen species, respectively. in addition, a. swirskii and a. limonicus was reared on codling moth eggs. in all mite species, female body w ...201526014648
ethnomedicinal plants of shankaracharya hill, srinagar, j&k, india.primitive human societies have always relied on plants and plant products for various remedies. in certain areas, these folk medical prescriptions are endemic and have survived through ages from one generation to the next through word of mouth. they do not exist as written knowledge. the present study was undertaken with an objective of documenting the ethnobotanical information of medicinal plants of shankaracharya hill by taking the help of local herbalists, elderly and knowledgeable people.201526008867
escin reduces cell proliferation and induces apoptosis on glioma and lung adenocarcinoma cell lines.aesculus hippocastanum (the horse chestnut) seed extract has a wide variety of biochemical and pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, antianalgesic, and antipyretic activities. the main active compound of this plant is escin. it is known that several medicinal herbs with anti-inflammatory properties have been found to have a role in the prevention and treatment of cancer. in the present study, the cytotoxic effects of escin in the c6 glioma and a549 cell lines were analyzed by mtt. ...201525906387
antioxidant potential of aesculus hippocastanum extract and escin against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and venoconstrictor properties have been attributed to extracts from aesculus hippocastanum. these unusual and diverse properties may be possibly basically linked with ability to scavenge free radicals.201525807442
comparison of ultraviolet detection and charged aerosol detection methods for liquid-chromatographic determination of protoescigenin.escin, a complex mixture of pentacyclic triterpene saponins obtained from horse chestnut seeds extract (hcse; aesculus hippocastanum l.), constitutes a traditional herbal active substance of preparations (drugs) used for a treatment of chronic venous insufficiency and capillary blood vessel leakage. a new approach to exploitation of pharmacological potential of this saponin complex has been recently proposed, in which the β-escin mixture is perceived as a source of a hitherto unavailable raw mat ...201525745765
environmental fate of emamectin benzoate after tree micro injection of horse chestnut trees.emamectin benzoate, an insecticide derived from the avermectin family of natural products, has a unique translocation behavior in trees when applied by tree micro injection (tmi), which can result in protection from insect pests (foliar and borers) for several years. active ingredient imported into leaves was measured at the end of season in the fallen leaves of treated horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum) trees. the dissipation of emamectin benzoate in these leaves seems to be biphasic and d ...201525363584
influence of extrahent on antioxidant capacity of aesculus hippocastanum seeds.in this study, the optimisation of horse chestnut seed extraction was performed to determine the best extraction solvent in the recovery of pharmacologically active escin from raw material. all extracts were obtained by accelerated solvent extraction and were analysed for their antioxidant potential (dpph test), phenolic content (folin-ciocalteu (fc) assay) and escin content (esi-tof-ms extracts profiling). methanol was found to recover the highest amount of escin from the plant matrix as well a ...201525109836
escin, a novel triterpene, mitigates chronic mptp/p-induced dopaminergic toxicity by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.parkinson's disease (pd) is a common, chronic, and debilitating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons due to unknown factors. in the present study, we have evaluated if escin, a triterpene saponin from seeds of horse chestnut tree (aesculus hippocastanum), offers neuroprotection against chronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/probenecid (mptp/p)-induced toxicity using a mouse model. chronic administration of mptp/p deterio ...201524788336
a modified version of fluctuating asymmetry, potential for the analysis of aesculus hippocastanum l. compound leaves.my research interest was to create a new, simple and tractable mathematical framework for analyzing fluctuating asymmetry (fa) in aesculus hippocastanum l. palmately compound leaves (each compound leaf with 7 obviate, serrate leaflets). fa, being random differences in the development of both sides of a bilaterally symmetrical character, has been proposed as an indicator of environmental and genetic stress. in the present paper the well-established palmer's procedure for fa has been modified to i ...201518604782
assessment of the potential health benefits of certain total extracts from vitis vinifera, aesculus hyppocastanum and curcuma longa.a number of recent studies have illustrated the active role of food/natural components in the prevention of chronic diseases and in the improvement of the quality of life. in the present study, we aimed to obtain and characterize certain extracts from vitis vinifera l., aesculus hippocastanum l. and curcuma longa l., focusing on their antioxidant effects in vitro. three vegetal extracts were obtained for each plant: in water, 50% water-alcohol and in 96% ethanol. these extracts were then analyze ...201526640536
β-aescin at subinhibitory concentration (sub-mic) enhances susceptibility of candida glabrata clinical isolates to nystatin.aescin (escin) derived from the seeds of horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.) is a natural mixture of triterpene saponins exhibiting a wide variety of pharmacological properties, including antiinflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities. however, data concerning antifungal activities of these compounds are limited. this study aims to evaluate the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of candida glabrata clinical isolates to α-aescin sodium, β-aescin crystalline and β-aescin sodium usi ...201526092104
determination of four major saponins in skin and endosperm of seeds of horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.) using high performance liquid chromatography with positive confirmation by thin layer chromatography.to separate and quantify four major saponins in the extracts of the skin and the endosperm of seeds of horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.) using ultrasonic solvent extraction followed by a high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (hplc-dad) with positive confirmation by thin layer chromatography (tlc).201526819933
contact dermatitis as an adverse reaction to some topically used european herbal medicinal products - part 1: achillea millefolium-curcuma longa.this review focuses on contact dermatitis as an adverse effect of a selection of topically used herbal medicinal products for which the european medicines agency has completed an evaluation up to the end of november 2013 and for which a community herbal monograph has been produced. part 1: achillea millefolium l.-curcuma longa l.201424621152
effects of aescin on cytochrome p450 enzymes in rats.aescin, the main active component found in extracts of horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum) seed a traditional medicinal herb, is a mixture of triterpene saponins. it has been shown to be effective in inflammatory, chronic venous and edematous treatment conditions in vitro and in vivo, and is broadly used to treat chronic venous insufficiency. the purpose of this study was to find out whether aescin influences the effect on rat cytochrome p450 (cyp) enzymes (cyp1a2, cyp2c9, cyp2e1 and cyp3a4) ...201424252494
plant extracts inhibit adp-induced platelet activation in humans: their potential therapeutic role as adp antagonists.adenosine diphosphate (adp) plays a pivotal role in platelet activation. platelet hyperactivity is associated with vascular disease and also has a key role in haemostasis and thrombosis. adp activates platelets through three purinoceptor subtypes, the g(q)-coupled p2y(1) receptor, g(i)-coupled p2y(12) receptor and p2x(1) ligand-gated cation channel. platelet adp purinergic receptors are therefore suitable targets for antiplatelet drugs. thienopyridines such as clopidogrel and ticlopidine, as wel ...201424190032
comparative study of antioxidant status in androgenic embryos of aesculus hippocastanum and aesculus flava.in vivo (leaves and seed embryos) and in vitro (androgenic embryos) antioxidant scavenging activity of aesculus hippocastanum and aesculus flava medical plants was examined. here we report antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione quantity, flavonoids, soluble protein contents, quantities of malondialdehyde, and (•)oh radical presence in the investigated plant samples. total antioxidant capacity of all the ...201424672369
the success of the horse-chestnut leaf-miner, cameraria ohridella, in the uk revealed with hypothesis-led citizen science.citizen science is an increasingly popular way of undertaking research and simultaneously engaging people with science. however, most emphasis of citizen science in environmental science is on long-term monitoring. here, we demonstrate the opportunities provided by short-term hypothesis-led citizen science. in 2010, we ran the 'conker tree science' project, in which over 3500 people in great britain provided data at a national scale of an insect (horse-chestnut leaf-mining moth, cameraria ohride ...201424465973
changes in radiocesium contamination from fukushima in foliar parts of 10 common tree species in japan between 2011 and 2013.yearly changes in radiocesium ((137)cs) contamination, primarily due to the fukushima accident of march 2011, were observed in the foliar parts of 10 common woody species in japan (chamaecyparis obtusa, cedrus deodara, pinus densiflora, cryptomeria japonica, phyllostachys pubescens, cinnamomum camphora, metasequoia glyptostroboides, prunus × yedoensis, acer buergerianum, and aesculus hippocastanum). the samples were obtained from abiko (approximately 200 km ssw of the fukushima dai-ichi nuclear ...201425261868
the content of phenolic compounds in leaf tissues of white (aesculus hippocastanum l.) and red horse chestnut (aesculus carea h.) colonized by the horse chestnut leaf miner (cameraria ohridella deschka & dimić).normally, plant phenolics are secondary metabolites involved in the defense mechanisms of plants against fungal pathogens. therefore, in this study we attempted to quantify and characterize phenolic compounds in leaves of white and red horse chestnut with leaf miner larvae before and after cameraria ohridella attack. a total of 17 phenolic compounds belonging to the hydroxycinnamic acid, flavan-3-ols and flavonol groups were identified and quantified in white and red horse chestnut leaf extracts ...201425225723
horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.) starch: basic physico-chemical characteristics and use as thermoplastic material.starch isolated from non-edible aesculus hippocastanum seeds was characterized and used for preparing starch-based materials. the apparent amylose content of the isolated starch was 33.1%. the size of starch granules ranged from 0.7 to 35 μm, and correlated with the shape of granules (spherical, oval and irregular). the chain length distribution profile of amylopectin showed two peaks, at polymerization degree (dp) of 12 and 41-43. around 53% of branch unit chains had dp in the range of 11-20. a ...201425129797
[intoxication by powdered seeds of horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum) used nasally as snuff - a case report].there are only few reports in the medical literature about side effects and toxicity of horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum). we report a 15-year-old woman who was admitted to the hospital because of symptoms including: vomiting, dyspnea, burning in the nose and throat, and syncope, after intranasal snuff of powdered horse chestnut seeds. laboratory tests showed no abnormalities. after 2 days of hospitalization the female was discharged home with subjective and objective improvement. preparat ...201425632792
hymenoscyphus fraxineus vs. hymenoscyphus albidus - a comparative light microscopic study on the causal agent of european ash dieback and related foliicolous, stroma-forming species.five species of hymenoscyphus that fruit on black stromatized parts of dead leaves of deciduous trees are presented, giving details on their morphological and ecological characteristics. several of these species have previously been misplaced in rutstroemiaceous genera because of the presence of a substratal stroma. however, the heteropolar, scutuloid ascospores with an often hook-like lateral protrusion at the rounded apex and the ascus apical ring of the hymenoscyphus-type represent two reliab ...201425544935
escin chemosensitizes human pancreatic cancer cells and inhibits the nuclear factor-kappab signaling pathway.background. there is an urgent need to develop new treatment strategies and drugs for pancreatic cancer that is highly resistant to radio-chemotherapy. aesculus hippocastanum (the horse chestnut) known in chinese medicine as a plant with anti-inflammatory, antiedema, antianalgesic, and antipyretic activities. the main active compound of this plant is escin (c54h84o23). objective. to evaluate the effect of escin alone and combined with chemotherapy on pancreatic cancer cell survival and to unrave ...201324282639
coumarins in horse chestnut flowers: isolation and quantification by uplc method.the coumarins: scopoletin, esculetin and fraxetin were isolated from the flowers of horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l., hippocastanaceae) and identified by spectrophotometric methods (uv, 1h, 13c nmr, esi-ms). their content, determined using the ultra performance liquid chromatography (uplc), was 0.41, 0.13 and 0.05%, respectively.201323757942
suitability of different pollen as alternative food for the predatory mite amblyseius swirskii (acari, phytoseiidae).the predacious mite amblyseius swirskii athias-henriot is used as a biological control agent against various pests in greenhouses. pollen offered as supplementary food is reported to improve their fast establishment and performance. however, the nutritional suitability of different pollens for a. swirskii is not sufficiently known yet. pollens of 21 plant species were offered to the mites as exclusive food during preimaginal development. preimaginal mortality and developmental time have been ass ...201323670826
rutosides for prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome.post-thrombotic syndrome (pts) is a long-term complication of deep venous thrombosis (dvt) that is characterised by pain, swelling, and skin changes in the affected limb. one in three patients with dvt will develop post-thrombotic sequelae within five years. the current standard care for the prevention of pts following dvt is elastic compression stockings. rutosides are a group of compounds derived from horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum), a traditional herbal remedy for treating oedema form ...201323633331
rutosides for treatment of post-thrombotic syndrome.post-thrombotic syndrome (pts) is a long-term complication of deep venous thrombosis (dvt) that is characterised by pain, swelling, and skin changes in the affected limb. one in three patients with dvt will develop post-thrombotic sequelae within five years. rutosides are a group of compounds derived from horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum), a traditional herbal remedy for treating oedema formation in chronic venous insufficiency (cvi). however, it is not known whether rutosides are effectiv ...201323633330
synergistic protective effects of escin and low‑dose glucocorticoids on blood‑retinal barrier breakdown in a rat model of retinal ischemia.escin, a natural mixture of triterpenoid saponins isolated from the seed of the horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum), has been demonstrated to possess glucocorticoid (gc)‑like anti‑edematous and anti‑inflammatory effects. the aim of the present study was to investigate whether escin exhibits synergistic protective effects on blood‑retinal barrier (brb) breakdown when combined with gcs in a rat model of retinal ischemia. low concentrations of escin and triamcinolone acetonide (ta) alone did not ...201323525122
a rapid method for total β-escin analysis in dry, hydroalcoholic and hydroglycolic extracts of aesculus hippocastanum l. by capillary zone electrophoresis.seeds of aesculus hippocastanum l. are used in european phytotherapy to treat inflammatory and vascular problems, and also to help in the regulation of the microcirculation. thus, the quality control of herbal medicines using this species is important.201323508832
lipid composition of castanea sativa mill. and aesculus hippocastanum fruit oils.sweet and horse chestnut fruit contain carbohydrates, fibers, proteins, lipids, vitamins, glycosides and coumarin. the lipids are rich in biologically active substances as fatty acids, phospholipids, sterols and tocopherols. the fruit has been used as food, and for medicinal purposes to treat inflammatory and vascular problems.201323174908
the apoptotic effects of escin in the h-ras transformed 5rp7 cell line.extracts of aesculus hippocastanum l. (horse chestnut) seed have been used in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, edema and hemorrhoids. most of the beneficial effects of horse chestnut are attributed to its principal component β-escin or escin. we have evaluated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of escin in the h-ras 5rp7 cell line by analyzing cell growth inhibition, apoptosis and caspase-3 dependent activity. we have also shown structural and ultrastructural changes in these cell ...201322911540
leaves of higher plants as biomonitors of radionuclides (137cs, 40k, 210pb and 7be) in urban air.leaves of linden (tilia tomentosa l. and tilia cordata mill.) and horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.) were analysed as biomonitors of radionuclides in urban air. samples of soils, leaves and aerosols were collected in belgrade, serbia. activities of (137)cs, (40)k, (210)pb and (7)be in the samples were measured on an hpge detector by standard gamma spectrometry. "soil-to-leaves" transfer factors were calculated. student's t test and linear pearson correlation coefficients were used for st ...201322562351
flavonoids from the flowers of aesculus hippocastanum.the flavonoids, kaempferol derivatives: 3-o-alpha-arabinofuranoside, 3-o-beta-glucopyranoside, 3-o-alpha-rhamnopyranoside, 3-o-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 6)-o-beta-glucopyranoside and quercetin derivatives: 3-o-alpha-arabinofuranoside, 3-o-beta-glucopyranoside, 3-o-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 6)-o-beta-glucopyranoside, were isolated from the flowers of aesculus hippocastanum and identified. the structures of these compounds were confirmed by a chemical analysis and spectrophotometric methods ...201321648195
using sex pheromone and a multi-scale approach to predict the distribution of a rare saproxylic beetle.the european red click beetle, elater ferrugineus l., is associated with wood mould in old hollow deciduous trees. as a result of severe habitat fragmentation caused by human disturbance, it is threatened throughout its distribution range. a new pheromone-based survey method, which is very efficient in detecting the species, was used in the present study to relate the occurrence of e. ferrugineus to the density of deciduous trees. the latter data were from a recently completed regional survey in ...201323840415
Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of escin Ia and isoescin Ia after administration of escin and of pure escin Ia and isoescin Ia in rat.Escin Ia and isoescin Ia have been traditionally used clinically as the chief active ingredients of escin, a major triterpene saponin isolated from horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) seeds for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, hemorrhoids, inflammation and edema.201222094055
[rheologic properties of some pharmaceutical excipients in drug forms and cosmetic preparation technology].the establishment of mechanisms and principles of the formation of deformation (fracture) of spatial structure of bentonite solutions and various solutions and disperse systems is one or the most important problems of modern pharmaceutical technology. the article presents the results of a long-term research of influence of high-molecular compounds and surfactants on the properties of designed dosage drug forms and cosmetic preparation. research data, as the basis for drug combinations "gel" with ...201222859452
vacuolar status and water relations in embryonic axes of recalcitrant aesculus hippocastanum seeds during stratification and early germination.in tropical recalcitrant seeds, their rapid transition from shedding to germination at high hydration level is of physiological interest but difficult to study because of the time constraint. in recalcitrant horse chestnut seeds produced in central russia, this transition is much longer and extends through dormancy and dormancy release. this extended time period permits studies of the water relations in embryonic axes during the long recalcitrant period in terms of vacuolar status and water tran ...201222593822
characterisation of the antioxidant effects of aesculus hippocastanum l. bark extract on the basis of radical scavenging activity, the chemiluminescence of human neutrophil bursts and lipoperoxidation assay.oxidative stress is increasingly recognised as a pivotal factor that plays a number of roles in the inflammatory response to environmental signals. it has been claimed that aesculus hippocastanum extracts have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, but these claims are mainly based on the results of chemical reactions and folk-medicine.201222957412
high biological variability of plastids, photosynthetic pigments and pigment forms of leaf primordia in buds.to study the formation of the photosynthetic apparatus in nature, the carotenoid and chlorophyllous pigment compositions of differently developed leaf primordia in closed and opening buds of common ash (fraxinus excelsior l.) and horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.) as well as in closed buds of tree of heaven (ailanthus altissima p. mill.) were analyzed with hplc. the native organization of the chlorophyllous pigments was studied using 77 k fluorescence spectroscopy, and plastid ultrastruc ...201122160501
escin exerts synergistic anti-inflammatory effects with low doses of glucocorticoids in vivo and in vitro.escin, a natural mixture of triterpenoid saponins isolated from the seed of the horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum), had been demonstrated to possess anti-edematous and anti-inflammatory effects. the present study was designed to investigate whether escin exhibits synergistic anti-inflammatory effects when combined with glucocorticoids. the carrageenan-induced paw edema and pleuritis in bilaterally adrenalectomized rats were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of escin and gluc ...201120850956
change in medical plant use in estonian ethnomedicine: a historical comparison between 1888 and 1994.the aim of this paper is to compare the changes in the utilization of species from various hemeroby categories (indicating the degree of sensitivity of the plant to human impact) using historical data concerning the years 1888-1994.201121376110
ß-escin sodium inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression via downregulation of the jak/stat pathway in a549 cells.ß-escin, a triterpene saponin, is one of the major active compounds extracted from horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum) seed. previous work has found that ß-escin sodium has antiinflammatory and antitumor effects. in the present study, we investigated its effect on cell proliferation and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (inos) expression in human lung carcinoma a549 cells. ß-escin sodium (5-40?µg/ml) inhibited cytokine mixture (cm)-induced nitric oxide (no) production in a549 cells by reducing ...201121400616
an attempt to control cameraria ohridella using an attract-and-kill technique.this study estimates the efficacy of an attract-and-kill (a&k) technique to control the horse chestnut leaf miner, cameraria ohridella deschka and dimic (lepidoptera, gracillariidae), an invasive insect pest of the horse chestnut, aesculus hippocastanum l. (hippocastanaceae). the a&k formulation was dispensed as 50 μl droplets of paste-like matrix, containing c. ohridella sex pheromone, (8e,10z)-tetradeca-8,10-dienal (85% + pure; 0.16% w/w) and a fast acting contact toxicant, pyrocides (94% pure ...201121654920
protective effect of aescin from the seeds of aesculus hippocastanum on liver injury induced by endotoxin in mice.to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of aescin on acute liver injury induced by endotoxin, liver injury was established by injecting lipopolysaccharide (lps) in mice. animals were assigned to seven groups: the control group and groups treated with lps (40mg/kg), aescin (3.6mg/kg), lps plus dexamethasone (4mg/kg) and lps plus aescin (0.9, 1.8 or 3.6mg/kg). hepatic histopathological changes were examined under a light microscope. activities of alanine aminotransferase (alt) and aspar ...201121802269
Bacterial biofilm formation inhibitory activity revealed for plant derived natural compounds.Use of herbal plant remedies to treat infectious diseases is a common practice in many countries in traditional and alternative medicine. However to date there are only few antimicrobial agents derived from botanics. Based on microbiological screening tests of crude plant extracts we identified four compounds derived from Krameria, Aesculus hippocastanum and Chelidonium majus that showed a potentially interesting antimicrobial activity. In this work we present an in depth characterization of the ...201122182580
inhibition of viral rna synthesis in canine distemper virus infection by proanthocyanidin a2.canine distemper virus (cdv) is a contagious and multisystemic viral disease that affects domestic and wild canines as well as other terrestrial and aquatic carnivores. the disease in dogs is often fatal and no specific antiviral therapy is currently available. in this study, we evaluated the in vitro antiviral activity against cdv of proanthocyanidin a2 (pa2), a phenolic dimer belonging to the class of condensed tannins present in plants. our results showed that pa2 exerted in vitro antiviral a ...201122020306
immunostimulatory complexes containing eimeria tenella antigens and low toxicity plant saponins induce antibody response and provide protection from challenge in broiler chickens.immunostimulating complexes (iscoms) are unique multimolecular structures formed by encapsulating antigens, lipids and triterpene saponins and are one of the most successful antigen delivery systems for microbial antigens. in the current study, both the route of administration and the antigen concentration of iscoms, containing eimeria tenella antigens and saponins from native plants, were evaluated in their ability to stimulate humoral immunity and to protect chickens against a challenge infect ...201019879050
horse chestnut extract contracts bovine vessels and affects human platelet aggregation through 5-ht(2a) receptors: an in vitro study.extract from seeds and bark of horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l) is used as an herbal medicine against chronic venous insufficiency. the effect and mechanism of action on veins, arteries, and platelets are not fully understood. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of action of horse chestnut on the contraction of bovine mesenteric veins and arteries, and human platelet aggregation. contraction studies showed that horse chestnut extract dose-dependently cont ...201020148408
beneficial effects of aesculus hippocastanum l. seed extract on the body's own antioxidant defense system on subacute administration.seeds of aesculus hippocastanum l. have long been used in european phytotherapy to treat inflammatory and vascular problems. in turkish folk medicine, tea prepared from the crushed seeds was used to pass kidney stone and against stomach ache, while a fraction of seed was swallowed to alleviate hemorrhoids symptoms. in order to evaluate the in vivo effects of escin mixture from aesculus hippocastanum seed on the blood and tissue antioxidant defense systems in standard pellet diet (spd) and in hig ...201020219666
comparative genome analysis provides insights into the evolution and adaptation of pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi on aesculus hippocastanum.a recently emerging bleeding canker disease, caused by pseudomonas syringae pathovar aesculi (pae), is threatening european horse chestnut in northwest europe. very little is known about the origin and biology of this new disease. we used the nucleotide sequences of seven commonly used marker genes to investigate the phylogeny of three strains isolated recently from bleeding stem cankers on european horse chestnut in britain (e-pae). on the basis of these sequences alone, the e-pae strains were ...201020419105
the effect of probiotic microorganisms and bioactive compounds on chemically induced carcinogenesis in rats.diet interventions and natural bioactive supplements have now been extensively studied to reduce risks of colon cancer, which is one of the major public health problem throughout the world. the objective of our investigation was to study the effects of probiotic, prebiotic, nutritional plant extract, and plant oil on selected biochemical and immunological parameters in rats with colon cancer induced by n,n dimethylhydrazine (dmh). male and female wistar albino rats were were fed by a high-fat (h ...201020568896
determination of escin content in androgenic embryos and hairy root culture of aesculus hippocastanum.escin, a group of chemically related triterpenic glycosides, is widely used in commercial preparations for the treatment of venous insufficiency. since the zygotic embryo cotyledons accumulate the highest amount of escin, it is currently extracted from the seeds of horse chestnut, aesculus hippocastanum l. (hippocastanaceae), on a large scale. as this material is available during only short period of the year, we studied the possibility of using plant tissue culture to obtain escin. for this pur ...201020645800
effects of escin mixture from the seeds of aesculus hippocastanum on obesity in mice fed a high fat diet.escins, a triterpene glycoside mixture obtained from the ethanol extract of aesculus hippocastanum l. (hippocastanaceae) seed, was evaluated for its in vivo effects on the plasma levels of some hormones (leptin, insulin, ft(3), ft(4)) and biochemical parameters (glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, hdl-c, ldl-c concentrations) in mice fed with a high fat diet for 5 weeks. a high fat diet induced a remarkable increment in the plasma leptin (p <0.01), total cholesterol (p <0.01) and ldl-c (p ...201020645808
which plant for which skin disease? part 2: dermatophytes, chronic venous insufficiency, photoprotection, actinic keratoses, vitiligo, hair loss, cosmetic indications.this paper continues our review of scientifically evaluated plant extracts in dermatology. after plants effective against dermatophytes, botanicals with anti-edema effects in chronic venous insufficiency are discussed. there is good evidence from randomized clinical studies that plant extracts from grape vine leaves (vitis vinifera), horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum), sea pine (pinus maritima) and butcher's broom (ruscus aculeatus) can reduce edema in chronic venous insufficiency. plant ex ...201020707877
leafminers help us understand leaf hydraulic design.leaf hydraulics of aesculus hippocastanum l. were measured over the growing season and during extensive leaf mining by the larvae of an invasive moth (cameraria ohridella deschka et dimic) that specifically destroy the palisade tissue. leaves showed seasonal changes in hydraulic resistance (r(lamina)) which were related to ontogeny. after leaf expansion was complete, the hydraulic resistance of leaves and the partitioning of resistances between vascular and extra-vascular compartments remained u ...201020199625
[multicentric study on a topical compound with lymph-draining action in the treatment of the phlebostatic ulcer of the inferior limbs].phlebostatic sore of the lower limbs is a typical chronic venous insufficiency complication and is still a widely controversial issue in its treatment. the common therapies, in fact, are not yet standardized and they not show complete efficacy. since 2005 to 2007 a multicentric clinical trial was conducted at the plastic and reconstructive surgery of "sapienza" university of rome and at the plastic and reconstructive surgery department, university of perugia, in order to evaluate the efficacy of ...201020109380
evaluation of thin-layer chromatography methods for quality control of commercial products containing aesculus hippocastanum, turnera diffusa, matricaria recutita, passiflora incarnata, and tilia occidentalis.in mexico, plant-derived products with health claims are sold as herbal dietary supplements, and there are no rules for their legal quality control. aesculus hippocastanum, turnera diffusa, matricaria recutita, passiflora incarnata, and tilia occidentalis are some of the major commercial products obtained from plants used in this region. in this paper, we describe the effectiveness of thin-layer chromatography methods to provide for the quality control of several commercial products containing t ...200917760328
aesculus hippocastanum (horse chestnut). monograph. 200919803552
immunostimulating complexes incorporating eimeria tenella antigens and plant saponins as effective delivery system for coccidia vaccine immunization.immunostimulating complexes (iscoms) are unique, multimolecular structures formed by encapsulating antigens, lipids, and triterpene saponins of plant origin, and are an effective delivery system for various kinds of antigens. the uses of iscoms formulated with saponins from plants collected in kazakhstan, with antigens from the poultry coccidian parasite eimeria tenella, were evaluated for their potential use in developing a vaccine for control of avian coccidiosis. saponins isolated from the pl ...200818564738
effect of beta-escin sodium on endothelial cells proliferation, migration and apoptosis.beta-escin, the major active compound in extracts of the horse chestnut aesculus hippocastanum seed, has shown clinically significant activity in chronic venous insufficiency (cvi). our previous studies had shown that beta-escin sodium inhibited angiogenesis in chick chorioallantoic membrane (cam) and in aortic disk assay. in this study, we explored the direct effect of beta-escin sodium on proliferation, migration and apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvecs) and ecv304 cells ...200818718875
antifeedants and feeding stimulants in bark extracts of ten woody non-host species of the pine weevil, hylobius abietis.bark of ten woody species, known to be rejected as a food source by the pine weevil, hylobius abietis, were sequentially extracted by a soxhlet apparatus with pentane followed by methanol. species were alder (alnus glutinosa), aspen (populus tremula), beech (fagus sylvatica), guelder rose (viburnum opulus), holly (ilex aquifolium), horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum), lilac (syringa vulgaris), spindle tree (evonymus europaeus), walnut (juglans regia), and yew (taxus baccata). bark of each sp ...200818719963
triazole induced drought tolerance in horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum).we determined the influence of the triazole derivatives paclobutrazol, penconazole, epixiconazole, propiconazole and myclobutanil on the drought tolerance and post drought recovery of container-grown horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.) saplings. myclobutanil neither conferred drought resistance, as assessed by its effects on a number of physiological and biochemical parameters, nor affected growth parameters measured after recovery from drought. chlorophyll fluorescence (f(v)/f(m)), photo ...200818765373
contribution to biomonitoring of some trace metals by deciduous tree leaves in urban areas.leaves of the deciduous tree species, horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.) and turkish hazel (corylus colurna l.) were used as accumulative biomonitors of trace metal pollution in the urban area of belgrade. using differential pulse anodic stripping voltametry, trace metal concentrations (pb, cu, zn, cd) were determined at the single leaf level (ten leaves per species, per month), during two successive years with markedly different atmospheric level of trace metals. increased trace metal c ...200817505898
endothelium protectant and contractile effects of the antivaricose principle escin in rat aorta.the triterpene saponin escin is the active component of the extract of seeds of aesculus hippocastanum used in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. escin is also used experimentally to increase membrane permeability in isolated cells. since endothelial dysfunction is postulated to be involved in venous insufficiency, the possible endothelium-protectant effect of escin was explored in rat aortic rings, a model widely used to study such effects with cardiovascular agents. escin enhanced ...200717512261
[physiological and biochemical characteristics of recalcitrant seed under the condition of true dormancy: a review].the review considers and sums up the results of studies of physiological and biochemical characteristics of dormant and germinating recalcitrant seed (the object of the study, the seed of common horse chestnut, aesculus hippocastanum l., is viewed as an exemplary case). the results of analysis of the proteomes of the axis and cotyledons have been studied and the effects of the stratification, assessed. gene expression has been studied at the level of protein synthesis; the protein-synthesizing c ...200717619586
flavonoids in horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum) seeds and powdered waste water byproducts.horse chestnut extracts are widely used in pharmacy and cosmetic industries. the main active constituents are saponins of oleane type, but seeds of horse chestnut also contain flavonoids, being glycosides of quercetin and kaempferol. their contribution to the overall activity of the extracts was not clear. in the present work, the main flavonoids from horse chestnut seeds were isolated and their structures established with spectral methods. seven glycosides were isolated, out of which six ( 2, 3 ...200717867637
pavietin, a coumarin from aesculus pavia with antifungal activity.a new prenylated coumarin, s-6-[2-(hydroxymethyl)butoxy]-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2 h-chromen-2-one ( 1), named pavietin, has been isolated from the leaves of an aesculus pavia genotype along with three known flavonol glycosides, quercetin 3- o-alpha-rhamnoside (quercitrin, 2), quercetin 3- o-alpha-arabinoside ( 3), and isorhamnetin 3- o-alpha-arabinoside (distichin, 4). the chemical structure of compound 1 was determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods, inclusive of uv, ms, and 1d and 2d nmr ex ...200717914881
two methods of assessing the mortality factors affecting the larvae and pupae of cameraria ohridella in the leaves of aesculus hippocastanum in switzerland and bulgaria.the horse-chestnut leaf miner, cameraria ohridella, is an invasive alien species defoliating horse-chestnut, a popular ornamental tree in europe. this paper presents quantitative data on mortality factors affecting larvae and pupae of the leaf miner in switzerland and bulgaria, both in urban and forest environments. two sampling methods were used and compared: a cohort method, consisting of the surveying of pre-selected mines throughout their development, and a grab sampling method, consisting o ...200717916263
the ecological aspect of ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology of population in bosnia and herzegovina.this paper contains first systematical revision of the results on traditional use of wild medicinal and aromatic herbs on the territory of bosnia and herzegovina (b&h)--west of balkan peninsula; southeast of europe. there have been detected 227 plants belonging to 71 different plant families, which are being used with ethno therapeutic purpose. results were obtained by method of open ethno botanical interview which comprised 150 persons, whose average age was 63. medicinal plants in ethno therap ...200718041402
sequential sampling plan for cameraria ohridella (lepidoptera: gracillariidae) on horse chestnut tree.a fixed precision sequential sampling plan for estimating the density of the horse chestnut, aesculus hippocastanum l., leafminer cameraria ohridella deschka & dimic (lepidoptera: gracillariidae) was developed. data were collected from 2002 to 2004 in turin, northwestern italy, with the aim of developing a sampling strategy for estimating populations of c. ohridella mines. taylor's power law was used as a regression model. sampling parameters were estimated from 216 data sets, and an additional ...200718232410
evaluation of the community of native eulophid parasitoids on cameraria ohridella deschka and dimic in urban areas.the parasitoid complex associated with the exotic leafminer cameraria ohridella deschka and dimic (lepidoptera: gracillariidae), which attacks horse chestnut (aesculus hippocastanum l.), was studied in the urban environment of turin (northern italy). the studies were carried out over 5 yr after the first detection of the pest in our region in 1999. to evaluate parasitism, 438,029 leaf mines were examined over the 5-yr period, of which 29,033 were found to be parasitized (6.6%). also, ornamental ...200718284739
perspectives for the biological control of cameraria ohridella.the horse chestnut leaf-miner, cameraria ohridella deschka et dimic (lepidoptera, gracillariidae) is a serious invasive pest of aesculus hippocastanum in europe. the larvae of this species feed on leaf parenchyma and can reduce the tree growth. we studied the impact of parasitoids on c. ohridella in the czech republic and also searched for entomopathogenic fungi associated with this pest. the results showed that the rate of parasitism varied between 5% and 15% in most cases. the most parasitized ...200718399483
modulation of activity of the adipocyte aquaglyceroporin channel by plant extracts.the plasma membrane protein, aquaglyceroporin-7 (aqp7) is exclusively expressed in adipocytes and appears to be a channel for glycerol entry and exit. it is possible that by facilitating the opening of these channels, the loss of intracellular glycerol could be encouraged and thus reduce the size of the lipid reservoir. human preadipocytes and mouse 3t3-l1 preadipocytes were induced to develop an adipocytic phenotype by culture in a semi-defined medium. after 7 days, the expression of aqp7 messa ...200718489306
chromatographic behaviour of steroidal saponins studied by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.the chromatographic behaviour of steroidal saponins found in anemarrhena asphodeloides, asparagus officinalis, convallaria majalis, digitalis purpurea and ruscus aculeatus was studied by hplc-ms using a c-18 reversed-phase column and aqueous acetonitrile or aqueous methanol mobile phase gradients, with or without the addition of 1% acetic acid. the behaviour was compared to that of triterpene saponins found in aesculus hippocastanum, centella asiatica, panax notoginseng and potentilla tormentill ...200717391684
antitumor agents, 82. cytotoxic sapogenols from aesculus hippocastanum.two cytotoxic sapogenols, the new hippocaesculin (1) and the known barringtogenol-c 21-angelate (2), were isolated from the acid hydrolysis product of a crude saponin fraction that was obtained from the fruits of aesculus hippocastanum. the structures of 1 and 2 were determined from their chemical transformations and spectral data. compound 1 is either 21-o-angeloyl, 22-o-tigloyl r1-barrigenol, or 21-o-tigloyl, 22-o-angeloyl r1-barrigenol.20073783160
[effect of aesculus hippocastanum on the body]. 200714011910
[therapeutic properties of aesculus hippocastanum]. 200613241573
using horsechestnut seed extract in the treatment of venous leg ulcers: a cost-benefit analysis.venous leg ulcers affect approximately 0.6% of the western population, consuming millions of healthcare dollars every year. to determine whether an alternative venous ulcer treatment using horsechestnut seed extract-- aesculus hippocastanum-- and conventional therapy involving dressings and compression was more cost-effective than using conventional therapy alone, a 12-week cost-benefit analysis of horsechestnut seed extract therapy was conducted. the study, using data from a 12-week prospective ...200616636364
triterpenoid saponins from the fruits of aesculus pavia.the compounds, named aesculiosides ia-ie, iia-iid, and iva-ivc, were isolated from an ethanol extract of the fruits of north american aesculus pavia, along with two known compounds. their structures were characterized as polyhydroxyoleanene pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins by spectroscopic and chemical analyses. these saponins were divided into three elution zones by chromatography according to the polarity because of the acyl substitution at c-21 and c-22 of the aglycone saponins moiety. these ...200616497343
densitometric thin-layer chromatographic determination of aescin in a herbal medicinal product containing aesculus and vitis dry extracts.a thin-layer chromatographic (tlc) method is developed to analyze the total saponin content, also referred to as the aescin content, in a herbal medicinal product (hmp) containing two dry extracts in capsules. the capsules contain 250 mg of aesculus hippocastanum dry extract, 120 mg of vitis vinifera dry extract and 50mg of excipients. after a purification step using c(18) solid phase extraction (spe) cartridges, the samples are analyzed on a silica-gel hptlc plate with the upper layer of a mixt ...200616364347
plant development scores from fixed-date photographs: the influence of weather variables and recorder experience.in 1944, john willis produced a summary of his meticulous record keeping of weather and plants over the 30 years 1913-1942. this publication contains fixed-date, fixed-subject photography taken on the 1st of each month from january to may, using as subjects snowdrop galanthus nivalis, daffodil narcissus pseudo-narcissus, horse chestnut aesculus hippocastanum and beech fagus sylvatica. we asked 38 colleagues to assess rapidly the plant development in each of these photographs according to a suppl ...200616402207
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