Publications

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comparative transcriptomics in three ladybird species supports a role for immunity in invasion biology.the spread of the invasive harlequin ladybird (harmonia axyridis) in europe is accompanied by the decline of the native and non-invasive two-spotted ladybird (adalia bipunctata). here we show that microsporidia carried by h. axyridis can kill a. bipunctata following the oral uptake of spores, suggesting that their horizontal transmission via intraguild predation may help the invader to outcompete its native competitor. the native seven-spotted ladybird (coccinella septempunctata) is thought to b ...201727693193
interactions of the asian lady beetle, harmonia axyridis (coleoptera: coccinellidae), and the north american native lady beetle, coccinella novemnotata (coleoptera: coccinellidae): prospects for recovery post-decline.the decline of the north american native lady beetle, coccinella novemnotata herbst, is strongly correlated with the introduction of coccinella septempunctata l., and c. novemnotata are locally extirpated across much of the united states. since c. novemnotata's decline, the invasive harmonia axyridis pallas has become dominant in north america. this study investigated whether h. axyridis has the potential to impede the recovery of c. novemnotata populations. to determine how h. axyridis interact ...201728049630
nano-formulation enhances insecticidal activity of natural pyrethrins against aphis gossypii (hemiptera: aphididae) and retains their harmless effect to non-target predators.the insecticidal activity of a new nano-formulated natural pyrethrin was examined on the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover (hemiptera: aphididae), and the predators coccinella septempunctata l. (coleoptera: coccinellidae) and macrolophus pygmaeus rambur (hemiptera: miridae), in respect with the nano-scale potential to create more effective and environmentally responsible pesticides. pyrethrin was nano-formulated in two water-in-oil micro-emulsions based on safe biocompatible materials, i.e., l ...201728210947
assessment of biotransfer and bioaccumulation of cadmium, lead and zinc from fly ash amended soil in mustard-aphid-beetle food chain.the present study investigates the extent of biotransfer and bioaccumulation of cadmium (cd), lead (pb) and zinc (zn) from fly ash amended soil in mustard (brassica juncea)-aphid (lipaphis erysimi)-beetle (coccinella septempunctata) food chain and its subsequent implications for the beetle. the soil was amended with fly ash at the rates of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40% (w/w). our results showed that the uptake of cd, pb and zn from soil to mustard root increased with the increase in fly ash application r ...201728153402
estimating the effect of plant-provided food supplements on pest consumption by omnivorous predators: lessons from two coccinellid beetles.plant-provided food supplements can influence biological pest control by omnivorous predators in two counteracting ways: they can (i) enhance predator populations, but (ii) reduce pest consumption by individual predators. yet the majority of studies address only one of these aspects. here, we first tested the influence of canola (brassica napus l.) pollen supplements on the life history of two ladybeetle species: hoppodamia variegata (goeze) and coccinella septempunctata (l.). we then developed ...201727470503
intraguild predation among three common coccinellids (coleoptera: coccinellidae) in china: detection using dna-based gut-content analysis.the ubiquity of intraguild predation (igp) has been widely recognized for predatory coccinellids (coleoptera: coccinellidae). in chinese agroecosystems, three species (coccinella septempunctata l., harmonia axyridis (pallas), and propylea japonica (thunberg)) are particularly common, but there is little information of interactions occurring between them. in no-choice laboratory feeding trials, differential directional predation was observed between species: c. septempunctata preyed on eggs of p. ...201728025220
trap height affects capture of lady beetles (coleoptera: coccinellidae) in pecan orchards.there is scarce information regarding the vertical stratification of predaceous coccinellidae in tall trees. although numerous studies have been done in orchards and forests, very few studies have assessed the occurrence of predaceous coccinellidae high in tree canopies. the objective of this study was to examine the abundance of coccinellidae at different heights in mature pecan, carya illinoinensis (wangenh.) k. koch, orchards with tall trees. from spring through late fall during 2013 and 2014 ...201728334128
complete mitochondrial genome sequence of a phytophagous ladybird beetle, henosepilachna pusillanima (mulsant) (coleoptera: coccinellidae).ladybird beetles are generally considered as agriculturally beneficial insects, but the ladybird beetles in the coleopteran subfamily epilachninae are phytophagous and major plant feeding pest species which causes severe economic losses to cucurbitaceous and solanaceous crops. henosepilachna pusillanima (mulsant) is one of the important pest species of ladybird beetle. in this report, we sequenced and characterized the complete mitochondrial genome of h. pusillanima. for sequencing of the comple ...201624617459
corrigendum: selection of reference genes for rt-qpcr analysis in coccinella septempunctata to assess un-intended effects of rnai transgenic plants.[this corrects the article on p. 1672 in vol. 7, pmid: 27877186.].201627904471
selection of reference genes for rt-qpcr analysis in coccinella septempunctata to assess un-intended effects of rnai transgenic plants.the development of genetically engineered plants that employ rna interference (rnai) to suppress invertebrate pests opens up new avenues for insect control. while this biotechnology shows tremendous promise, the potential for both non-target and off-target impacts, which likely manifest via altered mrna expression in the exposed organisms, remains a major concern. one powerful tool for the analysis of these un-intended effects is reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, a te ...201627877186
surface roughness rather than surface chemistry essentially affects insect adhesion.the attachment ability of ladybird beetles coccinella septempunctata was systematically investigated on eight types of surface, each with different chemical and topographical properties. the results of traction force tests clearly demonstrated that chemical surface properties, such as static/dynamic de-wettability of water and oil caused by specific chemical compositions, had no significant effect on the attachment of the beetles. surface roughness was found to be the dominant factor, strongly a ...201627826522
influence of ambient humidity on the attachment ability of ladybird beetles (coccinella septempunctata).many insects possess adhesive foot pads, which enable them to scale smooth vertical surfaces. the function of these organs may be highly affected by environmental conditions. ladybird beetles (coccinellidae) possess dense tarsal soles of tenent setae, supplemented with an adhesive fluid. we studied the attachment ability of the seven-spotted ladybird beetle (coccinella septempunctata) at different humidities by horizontal traction experiments. we found that both low (15%) and high (99%) relative ...201627826506
sublethal effects of imidacloprid on the predatory seven-spot ladybird beetle coccinella septempunctata.the seven-spot ladybird beetle, coccinella septempunctata, is a major natural enemy of aphids in the field and in greenhouses in china and is part of integrated pest management (ipm). imidacloprid, a highly efficient insecticide that not only kills aphids at lethal concentrations, but also can cause various sublethal effects in nontarget organisms. to strengthen ipm and its sustainability, it is important assessing possible side effects on natural enemies. when the effects of sublethal concentra ...201627670666
genetic diversity and structuring across the range of a widely distributed ladybird: focus on rear-edge populations phenotypically divergent.population genetics and phenotypic structures are often predicted to vary along the geographic range of a species. this phenomenon would be accentuated for species with large range areas, with discontinuities and marginal populations. we herein compare the genetic patterns of central populations of coccinella septempunctata l. with those of two phenotypically differentiated populations considered as rear-edge populations and subspecies based on phenotype (algeria and japan). according to the cen ...201627551401
the influence of exotic lady beetle (coleoptera: coccinellidae) establishment on the species composition of the native lady beetle community in missouri.the diversity and abundance of native lady beetles (coccinellidae) in north america has declined in recent decades. this decline is often correlated with the introduction and establishment of exotic lady beetle species, including coccinella septempunctata l. and harmonia axyridis pallas, suggesting that exotic species precipitated the decline of native lady beetles. we examined species records of native coccinellids in missouri over 118 yr and asked whether the species composition of the communi ...201627271949
functional morphology and structural characteristics of wings of the ladybird beetle, coccinella septempunctata (l.).in recent years, the surface morphology and microstructure of ladybird (coccinella septempunctata) wings have been used to help design the flapping-wing micro air vehicle (fwmav). in this study, scanning electron microscopy (sem) was used to verify the functional roles of the ladybird forewing and hindwing. surface morphology and the cross-sectional microstructure of the wings are presented. detailed morphology of ladybird forewings was observed using atomic force microscopy (afm) and the compos ...201627111868
antagonistic interactions between an invasive alien and a native coccinellid species may promote coexistence.despite the capacity of invasive alien species to alter ecosystems, the mechanisms underlying their impact remain only partly understood. invasive alien predators, for example, can significantly disrupt recipient communities by consuming prey species or acting as an intraguild predator (igp). behavioural interactions are key components of interspecific competition between predators, yet these are often overlooked invasion processes. here, we show how behavioural, non-lethal igp interactions migh ...201626996740
proteomic research on diapause-related proteins in the female ladybird, coccinella septempunctata l.in the experiments reported here, we used the female ladybird coccinella septempunctata l. as a model to identify diapause-associated proteins using proteomics technology. our results indicated that protein expression patterns of diapausing and nondiapausing individuals were highly differentiated. a total of 58 spots showed significant differences in abundance (ratio > 2 and p < 0.05) according to two-dimensional electrophoresis and ge image scanner iii analysis. sixteen protein spots were furth ...201626603522
intraspecific differences in plant chemotype determine the structure of arthropod food webs.it is becoming increasingly appreciated that the structure and functioning of ecological food webs are controlled by the nature and level of plant chemicals. it is hypothesized that intraspecific variation in plant chemical resistance, in which individuals of a host-plant population exhibit genetic differences in their chemical contents (called 'plant chemotypes'), may be an important determinant of variation in food web structure and functioning. we evaluated this hypothesis using field assessm ...201626581421
comparison of relative bias, precision, and efficiency of sampling methods for natural enemies of soybean aphid (hemiptera: aphididae).generalist natural enemies play an important role in controlling soybean aphid, aphis glycines (hemiptera: aphididae), in north america. several sampling methods are used to monitor natural enemy populations in soybean, but there has been little work investigating their relative bias, precision, and efficiency. we compare five sampling methods: quadrats, whole-plant counts, sweep-netting, walking transects, and yellow sticky cards to determine the most practical methods for sampling the three mo ...201526470267
effect of lures and colors on capture of lady beetles (coleoptera: coccinellidae) in tedders pyramidal traps.purposeful attraction and aggregation of adult coccinellidae at target sites would be useful for sampling purposes and pest suppression. we field-tested 1) lures in yellow and black pyramidal traps and 2) pyramidal traps that had been painted one or two colors (without lures) to determine if lures or trap color affected capture of adult coccinellidae. in only one experiment with lures did a single rate of limonene increase trap capture, whereas no other lure ever did. yellow traps, regardless of ...201526314010
intraguild interactions of native and introduced coccinellids: the decline of a flagship species.the decline of coccinella novemnotata herbst, the ninespotted lady beetle, across north america has been attributed to the introduction of coccinella septempunctata l. it has been suggested that c. septempunctata negatively impacted c. novemnotata through a combination of mechanisms. we investigated the effects of scramble competition and intraguild predation between groups of c. septempunctata and c. novemnotata. a novel aspect of these experiments for this species combination was that we provi ...201526308807
egg predation by the introduced lady beetle, coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae), lowers mortality but raises relative risk for the native lady beetle, coccinella novemnotata.populations of the native ninespotted lady beetle, coccinella novemnotata herbst, have undergone precipitous declines in north america following the establishment of the exotic sevenspotted lady beetle, coccinella septempunctata l. recent volunteer efforts have made it possible to establish colonies of the now-rare c. novemnotata and test mechanisms contributing to its decline. we evaluated the relative frequencies of intraguild predation and cannibalism of eggs between these two species. a sing ...201526090935
do microsporidia function as "biological weapon" for harmonia axyridis under natural conditions?invasive alien species, such as the multicoloured asian ladybird harmonia axyridis, are often regarded as major drivers of biodiversity loss. therefore understanding which characteristics or mechanisms contribute to their invasive success is important. here the role of symbiotic microsporidia in the hemolymph of h. axyridis was investigated in the context of intraguild predation between wild-caught h. axyridis and the native ladybird species coccinella septempunctata. the microsporidia were rece ...201525829258
the transfer and fate of pb from sewage sludge amended soil in a multi-trophic food chain: a comparison with the labile elements cd and zn.the contamination of agroecosystems due to the presence of trace elements in commonly used agricultural materials is a serious issue. the most contaminated material is usually sewage sludge, and the sustainable use of this material within agriculture is a major concern. this study addresses a key issue in this respect, the fate of trace metals applied to soil in food chains. the work particularly addresses the transfer of pb, which is an understudied element in this respect, and compares the tra ...201526070738
soil-applied imidacloprid translocates to ornamental flowers and reduces survival of adult coleomegilla maculata, harmonia axyridis, and hippodamia convergens lady beetles, and larval danaus plexippus and vanessa cardui butterflies.integrated pest management (ipm) is a decision making process used to manage pests that relies on many tactics, including cultural and biological control, which are practices that conserve beneficial insects and mites, and when needed, the use of conventional insecticides. however, systemic, soil-applied neonicotinoid insecticides are translocated to pollen and nectar of flowers, often for months, and may reduce survival of flower-feeding beneficial insects. imidacloprid seed-treated crops (0.05 ...201525799432
de novo transcriptome sequencing and analysis of coccinella septempunctata l. in non-diapause, diapause and diapause-terminated states to identify diapause-associated genes.the most common ladybird beetle, coccinella septempunctata l., is an excellent predator of crop pests such as aphids and white flies, and it shows a wide range of adaptability, a large appetite and a high reproductive ability. diapause research plays an important role in the artificial propagation and shelf-life extension of insect products. although this lady beetle's regulatory, physiological and biochemical characteristics in the diapause period are well understood, the molecular mechanism of ...201526689283
methoxypyrazine composition of coccinellidae-tainted riesling and pinot noir wine from germany.harmonia axyridis (multicolored asian ladybeetle) and coccinella septempunctata (seven-spot ladybeetle) (coccinellidae) are found in many wine regions in europe and the americas, where they are responsible for a pronounced wine fault known as 'ladybug taint' when incorporated with grapes during harvest operations. methoxypyrazines have been proposed in the literature as the compounds responsible for the taint. this study sought to expand on this identification and also determine the effectivenes ...201524863136
[anticholinesterase effect of organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides on some phytophages, their predators, and parasites].the normal catalytic activity of insects cholinesterases was determined: apanteles glomeratus l., coccinella septempunctata l., rhopalosiphum padi l. and pieris brassicae l. constants of bimolecular interaction of three insecticides for insects were calculated: cholinesterase of c. septempunctata were the most sensitive to bi-58 new [kii = (4.54 +/- 0.23). 10(4)], cholinesterase of aphids was revealed to be the most sensitive to acetec [kii = (2.9 +/- 0.14). 10(5)]. the studies have been carried ...201510609334
impact of imidacloprid on life-cycle development of coccinella septempunctata in laboratory microcosms.long-term effects of a single application of imidacloprid on ladybird beetle, coccinella septempunctata l., were studied in indoor laboratory microcosms, starting with the 2nd instar larvae of c. septempunctata but covering the full life cycle. the microcosms comprised enclosures containing a pot with soil planted with broad bean plants and black bean aphid, aphis craccivora koch, as food. exposure doses (0.85-13.66g a.i. ha(-1)) in the long-term microcosm experiment were based on a preliminary ...201425240465
activities of glutathione s-transferase and glutathione peroxidases related to diet quality in an aphid predator, the seven-spot ladybird, coccinella septempunctata l. (coleoptera: coccinellidae(.larvae of coccinella septempunctata were reared on three aphid diets, consisting of pure rhopalosiphum padi, pure metopolophium dirhodum, and an equal mix of these aphid species. in the pupal stage, the activities of three detoxifying enzyme systems - glutathione s-transferase (gst) with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate, glutathione peroxidase with hydrogen peroxide as substrate (gsh-px[h2o2]), and glutathione peroxidase with tert-butyl hydroperoxide as substrate (gsh-px[tbh]) - were ass ...201425419924
incorporating natural enemy units into a dynamic action threshold for the soybean aphid, aphis glycines (homoptera: aphididae).recommended action thresholds for soybean aphid, aphis glycines, do not adjust for natural enemy impact, although natural enemies contribute important biological control services. because individual natural enemy species have varied impacts on pest population dynamics, incorporating the impact of a diverse predator guild into an action threshold can be cumbersome.201424214819
toxic effects of hexaflumuron on the development of coccinella septempunctata.studying the toxic risk of pesticide exposure to ladybird beetles is important from an agronomical and ecological perspective since larval and adult ladybirds are dominant predators of herbivorous pest insects (e.g., aphids) in various crops in china. this article mainly deals with the long-term effects of a single application of the insect growth regulator hexaflumuron on coccinella septempunctata. a 72-h and a 33-day toxicity test with hexaflumuron (single application) were performed, starting ...201423917742
botanicals, selective insecticides, and predators to control diaphorina citri (hemiptera: liviidae) in citrus orchards.the asian citrus psyllid (acp) diaphorina citri kuwayama vectors pathogens that cause huanglongbing (hlb) or citrus greening devastating and economically important disease present in most citrus growing regions. young citrus shoots are required for psyllid reproduction and development. during winter citrus trees produce little or no new growth. overwintering adults reproduce in spring on newly emerging shoots also attractive to other pests and beneficial insects. botanicals and relatively select ...201425205398
intraguild predation responses in two aphidophagous coccinellids identify differences among juvenile stages and aphid densities.(1) intraguild predation (igp) can occur among aphidophagous predators thus reducing their effectiveness in controlling crop pests. among ladybirds, coccinella septempunctata l. and hippodamia variegata goeze are the most effective predators upon aphis gossypii glov., which is an economically important pest of melon. understanding their likelihood to engage in reciprocal predation is a key point for conservation of biological control. here, we aim to investigate, under laboratory conditions, the ...201426462953
do defensive chemicals facilitate intraguild predation and influence invasion success in ladybird beetles?egg predation and cannibalism are believed to be common phenomena among many species of aphidophagous predatory ladybird beetles despite the presence of alkaloid based defensive chemicals in all life stages. we identified defensive chemicals from eggs of three congeneric species, one introduced into north america (coccinella septempunctata l.), and two native (c. transversoguttata richardsoni brown, and c. novemnotata herbst), and examined the effects of ingested defensive chemicals on first ins ...201425380992
development times and age-specific life table parameters of the native lady beetle species coccinella novemnotata (coleoptera: coccinellidae) and its invasive congener coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae).to determine if differences in life history parameters contribute to native species exclusion, immature development times, larval survivorship, reproductive life history parameters, and age-specific life tables were determined for two populations (eastern united states and western united states) of ninespotted lady beetles (coccinella novemnotata herbst) and one population of sevenspotted lady beetles (coccinella septempunctata l.). developing larvae were provided an ad libitum diet of pea aphid ...201425182621
comparison of the wing polyphenic response of pea aphids (acyrthosiphon pisum) to crowding and predator cues.1. pea aphids (acyrthosiphon pisum harris; hemiptera: aphididae) exhibit transgenerational wing polyphenism, in which unwinged females produce genetically identical winged offspring in response to environmental cues such as overcrowding and predation risk that indicate poor habitat quality. 2. laboratory experiments were carried out to explore the intensity of the wing polyphenic response of pea aphids exposed to cues from ladybird predators and crowding, and their response was compared to pea a ...201424791058
avoidance of intraguild predation leads to a long-term positive trait-mediated indirect effect in an insect community.intraguild predation among natural enemies is common in food webs with insect herbivores at their base. though intraguild predation may be reciprocal, typically one species suffers more than the other and frequently exhibits behavioural strategies to lessen these effects. how such short-term behaviours influence population dynamics over several generations has been little studied. we worked with a model insect community consisting of two species of aphid feeding on different host plants (acyrtho ...201424122178
volatile interaction between undamaged plants affects tritrophic interactions through changed plant volatile emission.volatile interactions between unattacked plants can lead to changes in their volatile emissions. exposure of potato plants to onion plant volatiles results in increased emission of 2 terpenoids, (e)-nerolidol and tmtt. we investigated whether this is detectable by the ladybird coccinella septempunctata. the odor of onion-exposed potato was significantly more attractive to ladybirds than that of unexposed potato. further, a synthetic blend mimicking the volatile profile of onion-exposed potato wa ...201425763628
insect attachment on crystalline bioinspired wax surfaces formed by alkanes of varying chain lengths.the impeding effect of plant surfaces covered with three-dimensional wax on attachment and locomotion of insects has been shown previously in numerous experimental studies. the aim of this study was to examine the effect of different parameters of crystalline wax coverage on insect attachment. we performed traction experiments with the beetle coccinella septempunctata and pull-off force measurements with artificial adhesive systems (tacky polydimethylsiloxane semi-spheres) on bioinspired wax sur ...201425161838
comparative study of the fluid viscosity in tarsal hairy attachment systems of flies and beetles.wet adhesive systems of insects strongly rely for their function on the formation of capillary bridges with the substrate. studies on the chemical composition and evaporation dynamics of tarsal secretions strongly suggest a difference in chemistry of secretion in beetles and flies, both possessing hairy attachment devices. this difference is assumed to influence the viscosity of the secretion. here, we applied a microrheological technique, based on the immersion of nanometric beads in the collec ...201425142527
characterization and analysis of structural isomers of dimethyl methoxypyrazines in cork stoppers and ladybugs (harmonia axyridis and coccinella septempunctata).the three constitutional isomers of dimethyl-substituted methoxypyrazines: 3,5-dimethyl-2-methoxypyrazine 1; 2,5-dimethyl-3-methoxypyrazine 2; and 2,3-dimethyl-5-methoxypyrazine 3 are potent flavor compounds with similar mass spectrometric, gas chromatographic, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic behavior. therefore, unambiguous analytical determination is critical, particularly in complex matrices. the unequivocal identification of 1-3 could be achieved by homo- and heteronuclear nmr c ...201425120181
does the volatile hydrocarbon profile differ between the sexes: a case study on five aphidophagous ladybirds.insect hydrocarbons (hcs) primarily serve as a waterproofing cuticular layer and function extensively in chemical communication by facilitating species, sex, and colony recognition. in this study, headspace solid-phase microextraction is employed for investigating the sex-specific volatile hc profile of five ladybirds collected from lucknow, india namely, coccinella septempunctata (l.), coccinella transversalis (fabr.), menochilus sexmaculatus (fabr.), propylea dissecta (mulsant), and anegleis c ...201425060353
larval and female footprints as feeding deterrent cues for immature stages of two congeneric ladybird predators (coleoptera: coccinellidae).in the present study predation parameters, i.e. consumption rate, conversion efficiency and growth rate, and total developmental duration of immature stages of two congeneric ladybirds, coccinella septempunctata (l.) and coccinella transversalis f., have been evaluated in presence of conspecific and heterospecific fourth instar larval and adult female tracks. we hypothesized that the semiochemicals within larval/adult female tracks might act as foraging/feeding deterrent pheromones (fdps) and wo ...201424963549
effect of prey limitation on competitive interactions between a native lady beetle, coccinella novemnotata, and an invasive lady beetle, coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae).the size and geographic distribution of coccinella novemnotata herbst populations have been decreasing rapidly across north america closely following the establishment, spread, and population growth of the invasive seven-spotted lady beetle, coccinella septempunctata l. to determine whether intraguild predation and competition for prey may be partially responsible for the decline, we paired first-instar larvae of two populations of c. novemnotata (eastern and western) with first-instar c. septem ...201424937124
volatile interaction between undamaged plants affects tritrophic interactions through changed plant volatile emission.volatile interactions between unattacked plants can lead to changes in their volatile emissions. exposure of potato plants to onion plant volatiles results in increased emission of 2 terpenoids, (e)-nerolidol and tmtt. we investigated whether this is detectable by the ladybird coccinella septempunctata. the odor of onion-exposed potato was significantly more attractive to ladybirds than that of unexposed potato. further, a synthetic blend mimicking the volatile profile of onion-exposed potato wa ...201424927115
two volatile organic compounds trigger plant self-defense against a bacterial pathogen and a sucking insect in cucumber under open field conditions.systemic acquired resistance (sar) is a plant self-defense mechanism against a broad-range of pathogens and insect pests. among chemical sar triggers, plant and bacterial volatiles are promising candidates for use in pest management, as these volatiles are highly effective, inexpensive, and can be employed at relatively low concentrations compared with agrochemicals. however, such volatiles have some drawbacks, including the high evaporation rate of these compounds after application in the open ...201323698768
time-response relationships for the accumulation of cu, ni and zn by seven-spotted ladybirds (coccinella septempunctata l.) under conditions of single and combined metal exposure.accumulation, and therefore toxicity, of trace metals in invertebrates may be affected by potential interactive effects that can occur amongst different metallic elements. however, there is little data on the nature and effects of such interactions in terrestrial systems. this work reports the interactions among cu, ni and zn during accumulation by the beetle coccinella septempunctata. test animals were treated with 500mgkg(-1) of each metal singularly and in combination for 15d. the effects of ...201323810517
invasive harlequin ladybird carries biological weapons against native competitors.invasive species that proliferate after colonizing new habitats have a negative environmental and economic impact. the reason why some species become successful invaders, whereas others, even closely related species, remain noninvasive is often unclear. the harlequin ladybird harmonia axyridis, introduced for biological pest control, has become an invader that is outcompeting indigenous ladybird species in many countries. here, we show that harmonia carries abundant spores of obligate parasitic ...201323687046
virtual garden computer program for use in exploring the elements of biodiversity people want in cities.urban ecology is emerging as an integrative science that explores the interactions of people and biodiversity in cities. interdisciplinary research requires the creation of new tools that allow the investigation of relations between people and biodiversity. it has been established that access to green spaces or nature benefits city dwellers, but the role of species diversity in providing psychological benefits remains poorly studied. we developed a user-friendly 3-dimensional computer program (v ...201323646997
sexual activity diminishes male virility in two coccinella species: consequences for female fertility and progeny development.male contributions, both chemical and behavioural, can influence female sperm usage and reproductive success. to determine whether such male factors are subject to depletion in coccinella septempunctata and coccinella transversalis, we tested the effects of male mating history on male virility, as estimated by measures of mating behaviour, female reproductive success and progeny fitness, with parental age held constant. overt measures of male mating effort (wriggling duration, number of shaking ...201323590838
evidence for a material gradient in the adhesive tarsal setae of the ladybird beetle coccinella septempunctata.for an insect to be able to efficiently attach to surfaces, the adhesive pads on the distal parts of its legs must establish large contact areas. in case of hairy adhesive pads this requires flexibility of the contact-forming bristles, called adhesive tarsal setae. however, too flexible setae would have a low mechanical stability resulting in a decreased attachment ability of the pads. here we show that the adhesive tarsal setae of the ladybird beetle coccinella septempunctata feature pronounced ...201323552076
a switch from constitutive chemical defence to inducible innate immune responses in the invasive ladybird harmonia axyridis.the harlequin ladybird, harmonia axyridis, has emerged as a model species for invasion biology, reflecting its remarkable capacity to outcompete native ladybird species when introduced into new habitats. this ability may be associated with its prominent resistance to pathogens and intraguild predation. we recently showed that the constitutive antibacterial activity present in the haemolymph of h. axyridis beetles can be attributed to the chemical defence compound harmonine. here, we demonstrate ...201323466480
is the multicolored asian ladybeetle, harmonia axyridis, the most abundant natural enemy to aphids in agroecosystems?the multicolored asian ladybeetle, harmonia axyridis pallas (coleoptera: coccinellidae), was introduced into western europe in the late 1990s. since the late 2000s, this species has been commonly considered one of the most abundant aphid predators in most western european countries. in spite of the large amount of research on h. axyridis, information concerning its relative abundance in agroecosystems is lacking. this study aims to evaluate the abundance of h. axyridis within the aphidophage com ...201324785375
seasonal dynamics of wheat aphid complex and predator coccinella septempunctata in relation to abiotic and biotic factors.seasonal dynamics studies on wheat aphid complex, comprising of four major species and its predator coccinella septempunctata were conducted in context to abiotic and biotic factors. the alate form of aphids appeared on the crop during the 1st week of december. the colony build up of aphid complex started during the 2nd week of january and peak was observed after the 1st week of march. wheat aphid complex started declining in the last week of march and disappeared by mid april. the abiotic facto ...201324640244
characteristics and drivers of high-altitude ladybird flight: insights from vertical-looking entomological radar.understanding the characteristics and drivers of dispersal is crucial for predicting population dynamics, particularly in range-shifting species. studying long-distance dispersal in insects is challenging, but recent advances in entomological radar offer unique insights. we analysed 10 years of radar data collected at rothamsted research, u.k., to investigate characteristics (altitude, speed, seasonal and annual trends) and drivers (aphid abundance, air temperature, wind speed and rainfall) of h ...201324367512
impact of host plant resistance on the tritrophic interactions between wheat genotypes, schizaphis graminum (homoptera: aphididae), and coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae) using molecular methods.the objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of wheat resistance on digestibility of schizaphis graminum (rondani) in the coccinella septempunctata l. gut. four wheat genotypes including an ancient wheat species (einkorn) and three iranian wheat genotypes (azadi, ommid, and moghan2) were used. einkorn was found to be a highly resistant species, while azadi, ommid, and moghan2 were characterized as resistant, semiresistant, and susceptible genotypes, respectively, based on some b ...201324331623
occurrence and contribution of alkyl methoxypyrazines in wine tainted by harmonia axyridis and coccinella septempunctata.ladybug taint (lbt) is a wine fault caused by the inadvertent incorporation of ladybeetles to the wine during the winemaking process. harmonia axyridis, also known as the multicolored asian lady-beetle (malb), was the only species considered responsible for causing the taint. a second species, coccinella septempunctata (7 spot), has recently also been implicated. the main objectives of this study were to identify and quantify the compounds associated with ladybug taint of white and red wine from ...201323079938
determination of ortho- and retronasal detection thresholds and odor impact of 2,5-dimethyl-3-methoxypyrazine in wine.2,5-dimethyl-3-methoxypyrazine (dmmp) has been recently identified in both coccinellidae-tainted (by either coccinella septempunctata or harmonia axyridis beetles) and untainted wines; however, little is known regarding its impact on wine aroma and flavor. the aims of this study were to obtain an accurate estimate of both the ortho- and retronasal detection thresholds of dmmp in red wine and to understand how dmmp contributes to the aroma profile of red wine. in the first study, thresholds were ...201223057415
a population genetic signature of human releases in an invasive ladybeetle.biological invasions have been accelerated by a variety of human activities. propagule pressure, the number of introduced individuals and independent introductions, is probably to be influenced by these human activities and may be an important factor for successful range expansion in new environments. we tested whether the current distribution of the predatory ladybeetle coccinella septempunctata in the introduced range (usa) is the result of multiple historical human introductions or natural ra ...201223043276
intraguild predation behaviour of ladybirds in semi-field experiments explains invasion success of harmonia axyridis.harmonia axyridis has been introduced as a biological control agent in europe and the usa. since its introduction, it has established and spread, and it is now regarded as an invasive alien species. it has been suggested that intraguild predation is especially important for the invasion success of h. axyridis. the aim of this study was to compare the intraguild predation behaviour of three ladybird species (coccinella septempunctata, adalia bipunctata, and h. axyridis). predation behaviour was i ...201222815790
a comparative study on effects of normal versus elevated temperatures during preimaginal and young adult period on body weight and fat body content of mature coccinella septempunctata and harmonia axyridis (coleoptera: coccinellidae).two climate chamber experiments were performed to simulate the effects of global warming on life table parameters of coccinellids. we investigated the effects of two daily temperature profiles during preimaginal development (larval and pupal) and the young adult period (first 10 d) on body weight and fat body content of adult coccinella septempunctata l. and harmonia axyridis (pallas) fed english grain aphids [sitobion avenae (f.)] ad libitum: 1) normal, i.e., current daily temperatures in centr ...201222732627
complete mitochondrial genome of the seven-spotted lady beetle, coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae).the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the seven-spotted lady beetle, coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae), which is one of the best known insects capable of predation, is described with an emphasis on the noteworthy composition of the a+t-rich region. the c. septempunctata genome consists of 2 rrnas, 22 trnas, 13 protein-coding genes, and 1 control region, designated as the a+t-rich region in insects. along with an unusually long a+t-rich region (4469 bp), the 18,965 ...201222515209
evaporation dynamics of tarsal liquid footprints in flies (calliphora vicina)and beetles (coccinella septempunctata).insect tarsal adhesive structures secrete a thin layer of fluid into the contact area. it was previously reported that the presence of this fluid significantly increases adhesion on various substrata. previous data obtained from representatives of different insect groups suggest a difference not only in the chemical composition of the fluid, but also in its physical properties. in the present study, we have measured for the first time changes in the droplet geometry over time and the evaporation ...201222442363
seasonal abundance of aphids and aphidophagous insects in pecan.seasonal occurrence of aphids and aphidophagous insects was monitored for six years (2006-2011) from full leaf expansion in may to leaf fall in october in "desirable" variety pecan trees that were not treated with insecticides. aphid outbreaks occurred two times per season, once in the spring and again in the late summer. yellow pecan and blackmargined aphids exceeded the recommended treatment thresholds one time and black pecan aphids exceeded the recommended treatment levels three times over t ...201226466738
development of an early-tier laboratory bioassay for assessing the impact of orally-active insecticidal compounds on larvae of coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae).early-tier studies are the initial step in the environmental risk assessment of genetically engineered plants on nontarget arthropods. they are conducted in the laboratory where surrogate species are exposed to higher concentrations of the arthropod-active compound than those expected to occur in the field. thus, early-tier tests provide robust data and allow to make general conclusions about the susceptibility of the surrogate to the test substance. we have developed an early-tier test for asse ...201223321119
influence of diet on fecundity, immune defense and content of 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine in harmonia axyridis pallas.food type can affect all functional aspects of an insect's life. we investigated the effects of different diet regimes on life history parameters of the ladybird beetle harmonia axyridis. furthermore, we tested the importance of elytral color, sex, and diet on chemical and immune defense in this species. we also compared hemolymph from cohorts of h. axyridis and coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae) fed different diets to examine effects on the 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (ipmp ...201222648506
avoidance of a generalist entomopathogenic fungus by the ladybird, coccinella septempunctata.fungal entomopathogens are ubiquitous within the environment and susceptible insects are predicted to be under strong selection pressure to detect and avoid virulent isolates. beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus with a wide host range including coccinellids. seven-spot ladybirds, coccinella septempunctata, overwinter predominantly in leaf litter and b. bassiana is one of their major mortality factors during winter in temperate regions. behavioural assays were conducted to assess the ...201121449938
temporal dynamics of the arthropod community in pear orchards intercropped with aromatic plants.background: increasing attention has been paid to enhancing biological control through habitat management in agricultural systems for enhanced pest management. pest management benefits can be realised by intercropping, which can increase natural enemy abundance and, in turn, reduce pest abundance. in this study, the composition and temporal dynamics of arthropod communities in pear orchards when intercropped with aromatic plants were investigated, and the effectiveness and applicability of aroma ...201121480464
response of coccinellid larvae to conspecific and heterospecific larval tracks: a mechanism that reduces cannibalism and intraguild predation.cannibalism, where one species feeds on individuals of its own species, and intraguild predation (igp), where a predator feeds on other predatory species, can both pose significant threats to natural enemies and interfere with their biological control of pests. behavioral mechanisms to avoid these threats, however, could help maintain superior pest control. here, we ask whether larvae of coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera: coccinellidae) and harmonia axyridis (coleoptera: coccinellidae) respo ...201122182618
cannibalism and intraguild predation of eggs within a diverse predator assemblage.greater biodiversity among aphid predators sometimes leads to greater predator reproductive success. this could occur if cannibalism of predator eggs is consistently stronger than intraguild predation, such that diversity dilutes cannibalism risk when total predator densities remain constant across diversity levels. we compared the frequency of cannibalism versus intraguild predation by adult predators of four species [the lady beetles coccinella septempunctata l. and hippodamia convergens gueri ...201122182605
the effect of surface anisotropy in the slippery zone of nepenthes alata pitchers on beetle attachment.the slippery zone in pitchers of the carnivorous plant nepenthes alata bears scattered prominent lunate cells and displays continuous epicuticular crystalline wax coverage. the aim of this study was to examine the influence of the surface anisotropy, caused by the shape of lunate cells, on insect attachment ability. traction tests with ladybird beetles coccinella septempunctata were performed in two types of experiments, where surface samples of (1) intact pitchers, (2) chemically de-waxed pitch ...201121977443
intraguild predation and native lady beetle decline.coccinellid communities across north america have experienced significant changes in recent decades, with declines in several native species reported. one potential mechanism for these declines is interference competition via intraguild predation; specifically, increased predation of native coccinellid eggs and larvae following the introduction of exotic coccinellids. our previous studies have shown that agricultural fields in michigan support a higher diversity and abundance of exotic coccinell ...201121931606
prey dna detection success following digestion by intraguild predators: influence of prey and predator species.intraguild predation (igp) has been increasingly recognized as an important interaction in ecological systems over the past two decades, and remarkable insights have been gained into its nature and prevalence. we have developed a technique using molecular gut-content analysis to compare the rate of igp between closely related species of coccinellid beetles (lady beetles or ladybirds), which had been previously known to prey upon one another. we first developed pcr primers for each of four lady b ...201121749673
barcode haplotype variation in north american agroecosystem lady beetles (coleoptera: coccinellidae).dna barcodes have proven invaluable in identifying and distinguishing insect pests, most notably for determining the provenance of exotic invasives, but relatively few insect natural enemies have been barcoded. we used folmer et al.'s (1994) universal invertebrate primers and hebert et al.'s (2004) for lepidoptera, to amplify 658 bp at the 5' end of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit i (coi) gene in five species of lady beetles from crop fields in six states in the us mid-atlantic, p ...201121457477
predator biodiversity increases the survivorship of juvenile predators.when predator biodiversity strengthens herbivore suppression, the pattern generally is attributed to interspecific complementarity. however, the relaxation of intraspecific interference within diverse communities has received less attention as an underlying factor, and most experiments to date span much less than one predator generation. here, working with a community of aphid predators, we compared the survivorship of juvenile predators embedded within diverse versus single-species communities ...201121203775
olfactory learning of plant genotypes by a polyphagous insect predator.olfactory learning may allow insects to forage optimally by more efficiently finding and using favourable food sources. although olfactory learning has been shown in bees, insect herbivores and parasitoids, there are fewer examples from polyphagous predators. in this study, olfactory learning by a predatory coccinellid beetle is reported for the first time. in laboratory trials, adults of the aphidophagous ladybird coccinella septempunctata did not prefer the odour of one aphid-infested barley c ...201121203774
differential consumption of four aphid species by four lady beetle species.the acceptability of four different aphid species macrosiphum albifrons (essig), macrosiphum euphorbiae (thomas), macrosiphum pseudorosae patch, and myzus persicae (sulzer) (hemiptera: aphididae), as prey for four lady beetle species, one native species coccinella trifasciata l, and three non-native coccinella septempunctata l, harmonia axyridis pallas, propylea quatuordecimpunctata l (coleoptera: coccinellidae) were tested in the laboratory. the relative field abundance of adults of the same la ...201020578952
slippery pores: anti-adhesive effect of nanoporous substrates on the beetle attachment system.traction experiments with adult seven-spotted ladybird beetles coccinella septempunctata (l.) were carried out to study the influence of surface structure on insect attachment. force measurements were performed with tethered walking insects, both males and females, on five different substrates: (i) smooth glass plate, (ii) smooth solid al(2)o(3) (sapphire) disc, and (iii-v) porous al(2)o(3) discs (anodisc membranes) with the same pore diameter but different porosity. the traction force of beetle ...201020427333
the ladybeetle community (coleoptera: coccinellidae) in southern olive agroecosystems of spain.the aim of this survey is to faunistically describe ladybeetle assemblages from the canopies of olive orchards in southern spain (córdoba and granada) and determine the indicator ladybeetle species that are representative of each region, taking into account (1) the ecological importance of predatory ladybeetle species in olive orchards and (2) the variability of ladybeetle community composition in relation to landscape configuration and different farming systems (organic, integrated, and convent ...201020146842
intraspecific alkaloid variation in ladybird eggs and its effects on con- and hetero-specific intraguild predators.egg predation and cannibalism are common phenomena in predatory ladybirds despite the presence of defensive alkaloids. consumption of heterospecific eggs negatively affects survivorship and development; however, intraspecific variation in quantities of alkaloids and post-ingestion responses to con- and hetero-specific alkaloids, are not well understood. we examined variation in the quantity of alkaloids in eggs of harmonia axyridis (pallas), coccinella septempunctata l., and hippodamia convergen ...201020049478
factors affecting the concentration in seven-spotted ladybirds (coccinella septempunctata l.) of cd and zn transferred through the food chain.the transfer of cd and zn from soils amended with sewage sludge was followed through a food chain consisting of wheat, aphids and the predator coccinella septempunctata. multiple regression models were generated to predict the concentrations of cd and zn in c. septempunctata. no significant model could be generated for cd, indicting that the concentration of this metal was maintained within relatively narrow limits. a model predicting 64% of the variability in the zn concentration of c. septempu ...201019683847
a well protected intruder: the effective antimicrobial defense of the invasive ladybird harmonia axyridis.the harlequin ladybird harmonia axyridis (coleoptera: coccinellidae) is a polyphagous predatory beetle native to central and eastern asia. since 2007 it has established all over central europe. in order to elucidate which defense strategy is responsible for its high resistance to diseases, we tested hemolymph as well as eleven main components of the headspace of h. axyridis for antimicrobial activity against gram-positive (bacillus subtilis, b. thuringiensis ssp. tenebrionis, micrococcus luteus) ...201020890794
effect of within-species plant genotype mixing on habitat preference of a polyphagous insect predator.the effects of within-species plant genotype mixing on the habitat preference of a polyphagous ladybird were studied. plant species diversity is often claimed to positively affect habitat preferences of insect predators, but the effects of within-species genotype diversity have not been extensively studied. in a field experiment with different barley (hordeum vulgare) genotypes in mixed and pure stands, adult seven-spot ladybird coccinella septempunctata, a polyphagous predator, preferred a spec ...201021080002
frass analysis of diets of aphidophagous lady beetles (coleoptera: coccinellidae) in utah alfalfa fields.aphidophagous lady beetles enhance their foraging success in natural settings by consuming other types of food in addition to aphids. frass analysis was used to examine natural diets of female lady beetles in fields of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) in northern utah. the first (spring) alfalfa crop was censused in 2004 and 2005 to determine the diet of female adults of the introduced coccinella septempunctata l., and two native species, c. transversoguttata richardsoni brown, and hippodamia conver ...201020388290
reproductive responses of invasive and native predatory lady beetles (coleoptera: coccinellidae) to varying prey availability.as adults, many predatory insects must adjust to a constantly changing prey environment while balancing between survival and reproduction. two laboratory experiments were conducted to compare reproductive responses of females of two species of lady beetles, invasive coccinella septempunctata l. and native c. transversoguttata richardsoni (brown), in utah alfalfa fields to varying availability of prey. when both lady beetles were placed immediately on experimental diets after being collected from ...200919689911
predation by coccinella septempunctata and harmonia axyridis (coleoptera: coccinellidae) on aphis glycines (homoptera: aphididae).coccinella septempunctata l. and harmonia axyridis pallas are key natural enemies of soybean aphid, aphis glycines matsumura, in north america. third instars, adult females, and adult males of both c. septempunctata and h. axyridis exhibited a type ii functional response for predation toward adult soybean aphids at 26 +/- 1 degrees c. in c. septempunctata, the functional response curve of adult males differed from those of third instars and adult females, but there was no difference between thir ...200919508779
interactions of native and non-native lady beetle species (coleoptera: coccinellidae) with aphid-tending ants in laboratory arenas.interactions between lady beetles and the european fire ant (myrmica rubra l.) tending potato aphids [macrosiphum euphorbiae (thomas)] were compared in the laboratory. lady beetle species native to north america (coccinella trifasciata perplexa mulsant, coleomegilla maculata lengi timberlake, hippodamia convergens guérin-méneville) and non-native species of palearctic origin [coccinella septempunctata l., harmonia axyridis (pallas), hippodamia variegata (goeze), propylea quatuordecimpunctata l.) ...200919508795
intraguild interactions between the entomopathogenic fungus pandora neoaphidis and an aphid predator and parasitoid at the population scale.the interactions that occur between the entomopathogenic fungus pandora neoaphidis and a predator (coccinella septempunctata) and a parasitoid (aphidius ervi) were assessed in microcosm and polytunnel experiments. transmission of p. neoaphidis to the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum, was enhanced in the presence of both c. septempunctata and a. ervi in microcosm experiments done under fixed abiotic conditions. in contrast, the reproductive success of a. ervi was reduced in the presence of p. neoap ...200919682460
investigation on effect of populus alba stands distance on density of pests and their natural enemies population under poplar/alfalfa agroforestry system.this study was carried out in order to distinguish the effect of agroforestry system (combination of agriculture and forestry) on pests and natural enemy's population in poplar research station. wood is one of the first substances that naturally was used for a long period of time. forage is an important production of natural resources too. some factors such as proper lands deficit, lack of economy, pest and disease attacks and faced production of these materials with serious challenges. agrofore ...200919579945
field-testing of synthetic herbivore-induced plant volatiles as attractants for beneficial insects.seven synthetic herbivore-induced plant volatiles (hipvs) and a mixture of nonanal + (z)-3-hexen-1-ol were field tested for their ability to attract beneficial insects in an open cotton field. eleven species of the main natural enemies of insect pests in cotton fields were studied. significantly greater numbers of the ladybird beetle coccinella septempunctata were trapped on (z)-3-hexenyl acetate-baited cards than on others that were hipv baited or the control cards. erigonidium graminicolum was ...200819161683
effects of a microsporidium from the convergent lady beetle, hippodamia convergens guérin-méneville (coleoptera: coccinellidae), on three non-target coccinellids.a microsporidium from hippodamia convergens was transmitted horizontally to three non-target coccinellid hosts (adalia bipunctata l., coccinella septempunctata l. and harmonia axyridis pallas) under laboratory conditions. for all species examined, microsporidia-infected larvae took significantly longer to develop than did uninfected larvae but the microsporidium had no effect on larval mortality. adult sex ratios of uninfected and microsporidia-infected adults were about 1:1 (female symbol:male ...200818809408
accumulation of glucosinolates by the cabbage aphid brevicoryne brassicae as a defense against two coccinellid species.brassica nigra plants, characterized by high levels of sinigrin, and artificial aphid diets to which sinigrin was selectively added were used to rear the crucifer specialist, brevicoryne brassicae. aphids were provided as a food source to two species of polyphagous ladybird, adalia bipunctata and coccinella septempunctata. first instar a. bipunctata were unable to survive when fed with b. brassicae reared on b. nigra or diets containing 0.2% sinigrin, but when fed with aphids reared on diets con ...200818270780
temporal detection of cry1ab-endotoxins in coccinellid predators from fields of bacillus thuringiensis corn.the area planted to genetically engineered crops has increased dramatically in the last ten years. this has generated many studies examining non-target effects of bioengineered plants expressing bacillus thuringiensis endotoxins. to date, most have focused on population-level effects in the field or laboratory evaluation of specific plant-herbivore or plant-herbivore-predator trophic pathways. using a post-mortem enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we examined the uptake of cry1ab-endotoxins by p ...200717997879
intraguild interactions of aphidophagous predators in fields: effect of coccinella septempunctata and episyrphus balteatus occurrence on aphid infested plants.intraguild relations between beneficial insects have become a major research topic in biological pest control. in order to understand the intraguild competitions between aphidophagous populations in natural conditions, a field experiment was carried out in the experimental farm of the gembloux agricultural university. as biological control of pests involve a community of diverse natural enemies, this experiment firstly aimed to assess the aphidophagous predator diversity and abundance in green p ...200718399466
incorporating ecologically relevant measures of pesticide effect for estimating the compatibility of pesticides and biocontrol agents.the compatibility of biological control agents with pesticides is a central concern in integrated pest management programs. the most common assessments of compatibility consist of simple comparisons of acute toxicity among pest species and select biocontrol agents. a more sophisticated approach, developed by the international organisation of biological control (iobc), is based on a tiered hierarchy made up of threshold values for mortality and sublethal effects that is used to determine the comp ...200717849847
survey of predatory coccinellids (coleoptera: coccinellidae) in the chitral district, pakistan.an extensive survey of predatory coccinellid beetles (coleoptera: coccinellidae) was conducted in the chitral district, pakistan, over a period of 7 months (april through october, 2001). a total of 2600 specimens of coccinellids were collected from 12 different localities having altitudes from 1219.40-2651.63 m. twelve different species belonging to 9 genera of 3 tribes and 2 sub-families were recorded. two sub-families, viz, coccinellinae latreille, 1807 and chilocorinae mulsant, 1846 were iden ...200720334592
direct effects of snowdrop lectin (gna) on larvae of three aphid predators and fate of gna after ingestion.plants genetically modified to express galanthus nivalis agglutinin (gna) have been found to confer partial resistance to homopteran pests. laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate direct effects of gna on larvae of three species of aphid predators that differ in their feeding and digestive physiology, i.e. chrysoperla carnea, adalia bipunctata and coccinella septempunctata. longevity of all three predator species was directly affected by gna, when they were fed a sucrose solution co ...200616620868
[responses to contrast objects in coccinella septempunctata (coleoptera, coccinellidae)]. 200611642157
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