Publications

the ferulic acid esterases of chrysosporium lucknowense c1: purification, characterization and their potential application in biorefinery.	three ferulic acid esterases from the filamentous fungus chrysosporium lucknowense c1 were purified and characterized. the enzymes were most active at neutral ph and temperatures up to 45 °c. all enzymes released ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid from a soluble corn fibre fraction. ferulic acid esterases faea1 and faea2 could also release complex dehydrodiferulic acids and dehydrotriferulic acids from corn fibre oligomers, but released only 20% of all ferulic acid present in sugar beet pectin oli ...	2012	22133444
entrapment of mycelial fragments in calcium alginate: a general technique for the use of immobilized filamentous fungi in biocatalysis.	transformation reactions on 3β,17β-dihydroxyandrost-5-ene using free fungal cells were compared with those carried out by macerated mycelia, immobilized in calcium alginate beads. six fungi were utilized in this study, namely rhizopus oryzae atcc 11145, mucor plumbeus atcc 4740, cunninghamella echinulata var. elegans atcc 8688a, aspergillus niger atcc 9142, phanerochaete chrysosporium atcc 24725 and whetzelinia sclerotiorum atcc 18687. the results show, for the first time, that encapsulated myce ...	2012	22064215
a novel combined thermometric and amperometric biosensor for lactose determination based on immobilised cellobiose dehydrogenase.	a novel method for lactose determination in milk is proposed. it is based on oxidation of lactose by cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh) from the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium, immobilised in an enzyme reactor. the reactor was prepared by cross-linking cdh onto aminopropyl-silanised controlled pore glass (cpg) beads using glutaraldehyde. the combined biosensor worked in flow injection analysis (fia) mode and was developed for simultaneous monitoring of the thermometric signal associated w ...	2012	22078845
A comparative characterization of indigenous keratinase enzymes from district Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan.	To isolate and characterize keratinolytic fungi and bacteria from indigenous soils, a total of 80 samples were collected from Ghari Mori District. Khairpur, and these organisms were isolated using standard microbiological technique. The isolated keratinolytic microorganisms comprised: Absidia sp., Chrysosporium asperatum, Chrysosporium keratinophilum, Entomophthora coronata, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and their keratinolytic properties were distinguished from the production of k ...	2012	22186312
identification of cytochrome p450 monooxygenase genes from the white-rot fungus phlebia brevispora.	abstract: three cytochrome p450 monooxygenase (cyp) genes, designated pb-1, pb-2 and pb-3, were isolated from the white-rot fungus, phlebia brevispora, using reverse transcription pcr with degenerate primers constructed based on the consensus amino acid sequence of eukaryotic cyps in the o2-binding, meander and heme-binding regions. individual full-length cyp cdnas were cloned and sequenced, and the relative nucleotide sequence similarity of pb-1 (1788 bp), pb-2 (1881 bp) and pb-3 (1791 bp) was ...	2012	22273259
effects of phosphorus concentration on the growth and enzyme production of phanerochaete chrysosporium.	the effects of different phosphorus concentrations in culture media on the growth and enzyme production of phanerochaete chrysosporium was investigated at a glucose concentration of 10gl(-1). the results showed that the optimal kh(2)po(4) concentration was 2.0gl(-1). optimal phosphorus content not only supported robust growth of p. chrysosporium, but also helped produce higher yields of manganese-dependent peroxidase (mnp) (324.9ul(-1)). in addition, the results revealed that a relationship betw ...	2012	22248801
a case of adiaspiromycosis causing respiratory failure and a review of human infections due to the fungi emmonsia and chrysosporium.	we report a case of a 27 year-old male who presented with respiratory distress that required mechanical ventilation. transbronchial biopsy revealed adiaspores of the fungus emmonsia crescens within granulomata, a condition known as adiaspiromycosis. the patient received amphotericin products and corticosteroids, followed by itraconazole, and made a full recovery. emmonsia crescens is a saprobe with a wide distribution that is primarily a rodent pathogen. the clinical characteristics of the 20 ca ...	2012	22259200
High throughput screening of fungal endoglucanase activity in Escherichia coli.	Cellulase enzymes (endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases, and ß-glucosidases) hydrolyze cellulose into component sugars, which in turn can be converted into fuel alcohols. The potential for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass to provide renewable energy has intensified efforts to engineer cellulases for economical fuel production. Of particular interest are fungal cellulases, which are already being used industrially for foods and textiles processing. Identifying active variants among a libr ...	2011	21860379
Effective Removal of Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds by Lignin Peroxidase from the White-Rot Fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624.	The removal of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) by lignin peroxidase from white-rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 (YK-LiP1) was investigated. Five endocrine disruptors, p-t-octylphenol (OP), bisphenol A (BPA), estrone (E(1)), 17ß-estradiol (E(2)), and ethinylestradiol (EE(2)) were eliminated by YK-LiP1 more effectively than lignin peroxidase from P. chrysosporium (Pc-LiP), and OP and BPA were disappeared almost completely in the reaction mixture containing YK-LiP1 after a 24-h treatme ...	2011	22203416
Lignolytic Enzymes of a Mushroom Stereum ostrea Isolated from Wood Logs.	Production of lignolytic enzymes by the mushroom fungus Stereum ostrea in liquid medium under conditions of vegetative growth was examined for 10 days in comparison to the reference culture Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Though growth and secretion of extracellular protein by S. ostrea were comparable to those of P. chrysosporium, yields of laccase enzyme by S. ostrea were higher than laccase titres of P. chrysosporium by more than 2 folds on the peak production time interval (IVth day of incubati ...	2011	21941632
fungal diversity in cow, goat and ewe milk.	knowledge of fungal diversity in the environment is poor compared with bacterial biodiversity. in this study, we applied the denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (d-hplc) technique, combined with the amplification of the its1 region from fungal rdna, for the rapid identification of major fungal species in 9 raw milk samples from cow, ewe and goat, collected at different periods of the year. a total of 27 fungal species were identified. yeast species belonged to candida, cryptococcus ...	2011	21944758
artificial construction and characterization of a fungal consortium that produces cellulolytic enzyme system with strong wheat straw saccharification.	a consortium-apct2 composed of 92% of trichoderma sp. t-1, 6.7% of p. chrysosporium and 1.3% of a. oryzae a-4 that produces cellulolytic enzyme system with strong wheat straw saccharification was constructed using taguchi design combined with variance analysis (anova). among 32 consortia constructed from 6 fungi using taguchi design, consortium 20 with the strongest composition was selected. the inhibitive fungal constituent in consortium 20 was subsequently removed according to the anova result ...	2011	21924894
application of the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium in biotreatment of bagasse effluent.	biotreatment of bagasse effluent using phanerochaete chrysosporium (white rot fungus) is investigated. this study confirmed that lignin is the major pollutant component in this effluent followed by different carbohydrates. the treatment conditions must be very proper, especially in terms of biomass culture to achieve a successful treatment. the best conditions of temperature, biomass concentration, ph and duration for biotreatment of this effluent were 35°c, 552 mg l(-1), 6 and 5 to 9 days, resp ...	2011	20857176
quantitative proteomic analysis of lignocellulolytic enzymes by phanerochaete chrysosporium on different lignocellulosic biomass.	lignocellulosic biomass from agricultural crop residues and forest waste represents an abundant renewable resource for bioenergy and future biofuel. the current bottleneck of lignocellulosic biofuel production is the hydrolysis of biomass to sugar. to understand the enzymatic hydrolysis of complex biomasses, in this report, lignocellulolytic enzymes secretion by phanerochaete chrysosporium cultivated in different natural lignocellulosic biomass such as corn stover, hay, sawdust, sugarcane baggas ...	2011	22146477
characterization and mode of action of two acetyl xylan esterases from chrysosporium lucknowense c1 active towards acetylated xylans.	two novel acetyl xylan esterases, axe2 and axe3, from chrysosporium lucknowense (c1), belonging to the carbohydrate esterase families 5 and 1, respectively, were purified and biochemically characterized. axe2 and axe3 are able to hydrolyze acetyl groups both from simple acetylated xylo-oligosaccharides and complex non-soluble acetylglucuronoxylan. both enzymes performed optimally at ph 7.0 and 40°c. axe2 has a clear preference for acetylated xylo-oligosaccharides (acxos) with a high degree of su ...	2011	22112517
chrysosporium sp. infection in eastern massasauga rattlesnakes.	to the editor: during 2008, the ninth year of a long-term biologic monitoring program, 3 eastern massasauga rattlesnakes (sistrurus catenatus catenatus) with severe facial swelling and disfiguration died within 3 weeks after discovery near carlyle, illinois, usa. in spring 2010, a similar syndrome was diagnosed in a fourth massasauga; this snake continues to be treated with thermal and nutritional support and antifungal therapy. a keratinophilic fungal infection caused by chrysosporium sp. was d ...	2011	22172594
composition and antifungal activities of the leaf essential oil of neolitsea parvigemma from taiwan.	the hydrodistillated leaf essential oil of neolitsea parvigemma was analyzed to determine its composition and yield. sixty-two compounds were identified, the main components being beta-caryophyllene (14.2%), beta-eudesmol (12.9%), alpha-cadinol (10.2%) and tau-cadinol (8.8%). oxygenated sesquiterpenes (48.9%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (48.8%) were the predominant groups of compounds. the antifungal indexes of the leaf oil against the 7 fungi, aspergillus clavatus, a. niger, chaetomium globo ...	2011	21941915
the putative endoglucanase pcgh61d from phanerochaete chrysosporium is a metal-dependent oxidative enzyme that cleaves cellulose.	many fungi growing on plant biomass produce proteins currently classified as glycoside hydrolase family 61 (gh61), some of which are known to act synergistically with cellulases. in this study we show that pcgh61d, the gene product of an open reading frame in the genome of phanerochaete chrysosporium, is an enzyme that cleaves cellulose using a metal-dependent oxidative mechanism that leads to generation of aldonic acids. the activity of this enzyme and its beneficial effect on the efficiency of ...	2011	22132148
itraq-based quantitative secretome analysis of phanerochaete chrysosporium.	the basidiomycete fungi such as phanerochaete chrysosporium secrete large amount of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes and degrade lignocellulosic biomass. the lignin depolymerizing proteins were extensively studied, but cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin hydrolyzing enzymes were poorly explored. in this study p. chrysosporium was grown in cellulose, lignin and mixture of cellulose and lignin, and secretory proteins were quantified by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (itraq)-ba ...	2011	21945728
deep fungal dermatitis caused by the chrysosporium anamorph of nannizziopsis vriesii in captive coastal bearded dragons (pogona barbata).	deep fungal dermatitis caused by the chrysosporium anamorph of nannizziopsis vriesii (canv) was diagnosed in a group of coastal bearded dragons (pogona barbata). the outbreak extended over a 6-month period, with four of six lizards from the same zoological outdoor enclosure succumbing to infection. a fifth case of dermatomycosis was identified in a pet lizard originally sourced from the wild. diagnosis of infection with the canv was based on similar clinical signs and histopathology in all anima ...	2011	22103953
A Fungal P450 (CYP5136A3) Capable of Oxidizing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Endocrine Disrupting Alkylphenols: Role of Trp and Leu.	The model white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium, which is known for its versatile pollutant-biodegradation ability, possesses an extraordinarily large repertoire of P450 monooxygenases in its genome. However, the majority of these P450s have hitherto unknown function. Our initial studies using a genome-wide gene induction strategy revealed multiple P450s responsive to individual classes of xenobiotics. Here we report functional characterization of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, CYP5136A ...	2011	22164262
Heterologous expression and mechanistic investigation of a fungal cytochrome P450 (CYP5150A2): Involvement of alternative redox partners.	A fungal cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP5150A2) from the white-rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and purified as an active form. The purified CYP5150A2 was capable of hydroxylating 4-propylbenzoic acid (PBA) with NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CPR) as the single redox partner; the reaction efficiency was improved by the addition of electron transfer protein cytochrome b5 (Cyt-b5). Furthermore, CYP5150A2 exhibited su ...	2011	22206618
Flavin-containing monooxygenases from Phanerochaete chrysosporium responsible for fungal metabolism of phenolic compounds.	We investigated the cellular responses of the white-rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium against vanillin. Based upon a proteomic survey, it was demonstrated that two flavin-containing monooxygenases (PcFMO1 and PcFMO2) are translationally up-regulated in response to exogenous addition of vanillin. To elucidate their catalytic functions, we cloned cDNAs and heterologously expressed them in Escherichia coli. The recombinant PcFMO1 showed catalytic activities against monocyclic phenols su ...	2011	22102096
Biodegradation pathway and detoxification of the diazo dye Reactive Black 5 by Phanerochaete chrysosporium.	The in vivo biodegradation of the diazo dye Reactive Black 5 (RB5) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium immobilised on cubes of nylon sponge and on sunflower-seed shells (SS) in laboratory-scale bioreactors was investigated. The SS cultivation led to the best results with a decolouration percentage of 90.3% in 72 h for an initial RB5 concentration of 100 mg/L. It was found that the addition of 0.4 mM veratryl alcohol (VA) into the medium considerably increased the decolouration rate in SS cultivation. ...	2011	21955876
chrysosporium lucknowense c1 arabinofuranosidases are selective in releasing arabinose from either single or double substituted xylose residues in arabinoxylans.	two novel arabinofuranosidases, abn7 and abf3 from chrysosporium lucknowense (c1), belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 43 and 51 were purified and characterized. abn7 is exclusively able to hydrolyze arabinofuranosyl residues at position o-3 of double substituted xylosyl residues in arabinoxylan-derived oligosaccharides, an activity rarely found thus far. abf3 is able to release arabinose from position o-2 or o-3 of single substituted xyloses. both enzymes performed optimal at ph 5.0 and ...	2011	22112956
cloning and transcriptional analysis of the gene encoding 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase of the white-rot fungus phanerochaete sordida yk-624.	in this study, we cloned the gene encoding 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase (alas) from the hyper-lignin-degrading fungus phanerochaete sordida yk-624. the deduced amino acid sequence showed highest identity (93.0%) to alas of p. chrysosporium. expression of the gene encoding alas, which we named aas, corresponded temporally with the expression and activity of manganese peroxidase.	2011	21228472
effects of pluronic f68 on manganese peroxidase production by pelletized phanerochaete chrysosporium.	in this study, a new process was developed for manganese peroxidase (mnp) production by phanerochaete chrysosporium under an agitated and aerated cultivation condition. it was found that change of the inoculum from spore suspension to pellets resulted in enhanced mnp production of 200 u/l in rotated shake flasks. several additives, including pluronic f68, tween 80, and peg8000, significantly increased the enzyme production. with an optimal concentration in 125 ml flasks, pluronic f68 increased m ...	2011	21234704
surface-modified phanerochaete chrysosporium as a biosorbent for cr(vi)-contaminated wastewater.	to improve the removal efficiency of heavy metals from wastewater, the surface of a fungal biomass was modified to obtain a high-capacity biosorbent for cr(vi) in wastewater. the effects of ph, initial concentration, and sorption time on cr(vi) removal by polyethylenimine (pei)-modified phanerochaete chrysosporium were investigated. the biomass adsorption capacity was significantly dependent on the ph of the solution, and the optimum ph was approximately 3.0. the maximum removal for cr(vi) was 3 ...	2011	21247693
homology modelling and site-directed mutagenesis studies of the epoxide hydrolase from phanerochaete chrysosporium.	three-dimensional structural model of epoxide hydrolase (pcheha) from phanerochaete chrysosporium was constructed based on x-ray structure of agrobacterium radiobacter ad1 seh using swiss-model server. conserved residues constituting the active site cavity were identified, of which the functional roles of 14 residues were determined by site-directed mutagenesis. in catalytic triad, asp105 and his308 play a leading role in alkylation and hydrolysis steps, respectively. distance between asp105 and ...	2011	21292804
the genus chaetomium in iran, a phylogenetic study including six new species.	twenty-one species of chaetomium known from iran were compared on the basis of morphological and molecular characters. six new species are recognized, five isolated from cereals and one from nematode cysts. a combined sequence dataset of the its region, partial lsu rdna, and ß-tubulin gene sufficiently resolved five species groups of chaetomium that are largely concordant with combined features of peridium structure, ascospore shape and germ pore position. among the new species c. undulatulum is ...	2011	21307161
insight into functional diversity of cytochrome p450 in the white-rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium: involvement of versatile monooxygenase.	to elucidate functional diversity of cytochrome p450 monooxygenases from the white-rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium (pccyps), we conducted a comprehensive functional screening using a wide variety of compounds. a functionomic survey resulted in characterization of novel pccyp functions and discovery of versatile pccyps that exhibit broad substrate profiles. these results suggested that multifunctional properties of the versatile pccyps would play crucial roles in diversification of ...	2011	21362401
crystallographic, kinetic, and spectroscopic study of the first ligninolytic peroxidase presenting a catalytic tyrosine.	trametes cervina lignin peroxidase (lip) is a unique enzyme lacking the catalytic tryptophan strictly conserved in all other lips and versatile peroxidases (more than 30 sequences available). recombinant t. cervina lip and site-directed variants were investigated by crystallographic, kinetic, and spectroscopic techniques. the crystal structure shows three substrate oxidation site candidates involving his-170, asp-146, and tyr-181. steady-state kinetics for oxidation of veratryl alcohol (the typi ...	2011	21367853
isolation and characterization of a novel pyrene-degrading bacillus vallismortis strain jy3a.	the pahs-degrading bacterium strain jy3a was newly isolated from the polluted soil in the jinan oil refinery factory, shandong province of china. the isolate was identified as bacillus vallismortis with respect to its 16s rdna sequence, dna-dna relatedness and fatty acid profiles, as well as various physiological characteristics. the strain was gram-positive, motile, endospore forming, aerobic, oxidase and catalase-positive. the cells were 0.8-1.0µm wide and 2.0-2.5µm long, single or in pairs an ...	2011	21371739
determination of a catalytic tyrosine in trametes cervina lignin peroxidase with chemical modification techniques.	trametes cervina lignin peroxidase (lip) lacks a catalytic tryptophan strictly conserved in other lip and versatile peroxidases. it contains tyrosine(181) at the potential catalytic site. this protein and the well-characterized phanerochaete chrysosporium lip with the catalytic tryptophan(171) have been chemically modified: the tryptophan-specific modification with n-bromosuccinimide sufficiently disrupted oxidation of veratryl alcohol by p. chrysosporium lip, whereas the activity of t. cervina ...	2011	21373922
cytochrome b5 reductase-cytochrome b5 as an active p450 redox enzyme system in phanerochaete chrysosporium: atypical properties and in vivo evidence of electron transfer capability to cyp63a2.	two central redox enzyme systems exist to reduce eukaryotic p450 enzymes, the p450 oxidoreductase (por) and the cyt b5 reductase-cyt b5. in fungi, limited information is available for the cyt b(5) reductase-cyt b(5) system. here we characterized the kinetic mechanism of (cyt b5r)-cyt b5 redox system from the model white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium (pc) and made a quantitative comparison to the por system. we determined that pc-cyt b5r followed a "ping-pong" mechanism and could directl ...	2011	21376009
characterization of proteome alterations in phanerochaete chrysosporium in response to lead exposure.		2011	21388532
heterologous expression of endo-1,4-beta-xylanasec from phanerochaete chrysosporium in pichia pastoris.	the cdna of endo-1,4-+¦-xylanasec, isolated from phanerochaete chrysosporium, was expressed in pichia pastoris, under the control of the alcohol oxidase i promoter. using either the intrinsic leader peptide of xylanasec or the +¦-factor signal peptide of saccharomyces cerevisiae, xylanasec is efficiently secreted into the medium, at a maximum concentration of 2500 u-àl(-1).	2011	21393056
microbial mannosidation of bioactive chlorogentisyl alcohol by the marine-derived fungus chrysosporium synchronum.	the biological transformation of the biologically active chlorogentisyl alcohol (1), isolated from the marine-derived fungus aspergillus sp., was studied. preparative-scale fermentation of chlorogentisyl alcohol with marine-derived fungus chrysosporium synchronum resulted in the isolation of a new glycosidic metabolite, 1-o-(a-d-mannopyranosyl)chlorogentisyl alcohol (2). the stereostructure of the new metabolite obtained was assigned on the basis of detailed spectroscopic data analyses, chemical ...	2011	21467683
cloning, expression and purification of the anion exchanger 1 homologue from the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium.	anion exchangers are membrane proteins that have been identified in a wide variety of species, where they transport cl(-) and hco3- across the cell membrane. in this study, we cloned an anion-exchange protein from the genome of the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium (pcaep). pcaep is a 618-amino acid protein that is homologous to the human anion exchanger (ae1) with 22.9% identity and 40.3% similarity. pcaep was overexpressed by introducing the pcaep gene into the genome of pichia pastori ...	2011	21515379
increasing manganese peroxidase productivity of phanerochaete chrysosporium by optimizing carbon sources and supplementing small molecules.	aims: to overproduce manganese peroxidase (mnp) using phanerochaete chrysosporium. effects of carbon sources, agricultural by-products and small molecules were tested to enhance the mnp productivity. methods and results: various carbon sources and agricultural by-products were compared as the basal medium. a mnp activity of 4·7 ± 0·31 u ml(-1) was obtained using mannose as a carbon source. the enzyme productivity further reached 7·36 ± 0·05 and 8·77 ± 0·23 u ml(-1) when the mannose medium was ...	2011	21535047
gene expression of wood decay fungi postia placenta and phanerochaete chrysosporium is significantly altered by plant species.	identification of specific genes and enzymes involved in conversion of lignocellulosics from an expanding number of potential feedstocks is of growing interest to bioenergy process development. basidiomycetous wood decay fungi phanerochaete chrysosporium and postia placenta are promising in this regard as they are able to utilize a wide range of simple and complex carbon compounds. however, systematic comparative studies with different woody substrates have not been reported. addressing this iss ...	2011	21551287
mycological survey of activated sludge in mbrs.	the objective of this research was to conduct a survey of fungi in activated sludge plants with membrane bioreactors (mbrs). thirty-six samples of both aerobic and anoxic activated sludge were taken from two plants with mbrs treating domestic wastewater. over a period of 8 months, two samples from each plant were taken per month. the samples were prepared for count and identification of fungi. the obtained data show that 61 species belonging to 30 genera were identified from activated sludge sam ...	2011	21554420
simultaneous cadmium removal and 2,4-dichlorophenol degradation from aqueous solutions by phanerochaete chrysosporium.	phanerochaete chrysosporium has been recognised as an effective bioremediation agent due to its unique degradation to xenobiotic and biosorption ability to heavy metals. however, few studies have focused on the simultaneous removal of heavy metals and organic pollutants. the aim of this work was to study the feasibility of simultaneous cadmium removal and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp) degradation in p. chrysosporium liquid cultures. the removal efficiencies were ph dependent and the maximum remov ...	2011	21556917
effects of xylan and starch on secretome of the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium grown on cellulose.	lignocellulosic biomass contains cellulose and xylan as major structural components, and starch as a storage polysaccharide. in the present study, we have used comparative secretomic analysis to examine the effects of xylan and starch on the expression level of proteins secreted by the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium grown on cellulose,. forty-seven spots of extracellular proteins expressed by p. chrysosporium separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis were identified by liquid chrom ...	2011	21569082
[breeding and characterization of laccase-producing phanerochaete chrysosporium mutant resistant to nutritional repression].	to screen phanerochaete chrysosporium mutants resisting nutritional repression and to characterize laccase produced by the mutants.	2011	21604549
alternatives to trichoderma reesei in biofuel production.	mutant strains of trichoderma reesei are considered indisputable champions in cellulase production among biomass-degrading fungi. so, it is not surprising that most r&d projects on bioethanol production from lignocellulosics have been based on using t. reesei cellulases. the present review focuses on whether any serious alternatives to t. reesei enzymes in cellulose hydrolysis exist. although not widely accepted, more and more data have been accumulated that demonstrate that fungi belonging to t ...	2011	21612834
isolation, optimization, and partial purification of amylase from chrysosporium asperatum by submerged fermentation.	a potent fungus for amylase production, chrysosporium asperatum, was isolated from among 30 different cultures obtained from wood samples collected in the junagadh forest, india. all of the isolated cultures were screened for their ability to produce amylase by submerged fermentation. among the selected cultures, c. asperatum (class euascomycetes; onygenales; onygenaceae) gave maximum amylase production. in all of the different media tested, potato starch was found to be a good substrate for pro ...	2011	21617343
[extracellular polymeric substances (eps) of white-rot fungus and their effects on pb2+ adsorption by biomass].	the extracellular polymeric substances (eps) of p. chrysosporium and their effects on pb2+ biosorption were studied. the product, composition of eps and the effects on pb2+ biosorption capacity were investigated in lab via flask experiments. the surface changes of mycelium before and after eps extraction, before and after pb2+ adsorption were researched by environment scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (esem-edx). results showed that at 113 h, the maximum yield of ...	2011	21634177
efficacy of fungus mediated silver and gold nanoparticles against aedes aegypti larvae.	chrysosporium tropicum is a pathogenic fungus. it is known to be an effective mosquito control agent. in the present study, we have synthesized the silver and gold nanoparticles using c. tropicum. these nanoparticles have been characterized through microscan reader, x-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscopy, and further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. the characterization study confirmed the spherical shape and size (2-15 and 20-50 nm) of gold and silver nanoparticles. th ...	2011	21647674
simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of ground corn stover for the production of fuel ethanol using phanerochaete chrysosporium, gloeophyllum trabeum, saccharomyces cerevisiae, and escherichia coli k011.	enzymatic saccharification of corn stover using phanerochaete chrysosporium and gloeophyllum trabeum and subsequent fermentation of the saccharification products to ethanol by saccharomyces cerevisiae and escherichia coli k011 were achieved. prior to simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) for ethanol production, solid-state fermentation was performed for four days on ground corn stover using either p. chrysosporium or g. trabeum to induce in situ cellulase production. during ssf wi ...	2011	21791956
understanding ligninase-mediated reactions of endocrine disrupting chemicals in water: reaction rates and quantitative structure-activity relationships.	we have verified in our previous work that lignin peroxidase (lip) mediates effective removal of selected natural and synthetic estrogens. the efficiency of these reactions was greatly enhanced in the presence of veratryl alcohol (va), a chemical that is produced along with lip by certain white rot fungi, for example, phanerochaete chrysosporium. in this study, we systematically evaluated the kinetic behaviors of lip-mediated reactions for six endocrine disrupting compounds (edcs), that is, ster ...	2011	21702433
biotransformation of three pharmaceutical active compounds by the fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium in a fed batch stirred reactor under air and oxygen supply.	white-rot fungi are a group of microorganisms capable of degrading xenobiotic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or synthetic dyes, by means of the action of extracellular oxidative enzymes secreted during secondary metabolism. in this study, the transformation of three anti-inflammatory drugs: diclofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen were carried out by pellets of phanerochaete chrysosporium in fed-batch bioreactors operating under continuous air supply or periodic pulsation of oxyge ...	2011	21695453
oxalate production at different initial pb(2+) concentrations and the influence of oxalate during solid-state fermentation of straw with phanerochaete chrysosporium.	the production of oxalate at different initial pb(2+) concentrations during solid-state fermentation of straw with phanerochaete chrysosporium was investigated. it was found that the maximal peak value of oxalate concentration (22.84mm) was detected at the initial pb(2+) concentration of 200mgkg(-1) dry straw, while the minimum (15.89mm) at the concentration of 600mgpb(2+)kg(-1) dry straw, and at moderate concentration of pb(2+) the capability of oxalic acid secretion was enhanced. in addition, ...	2011	21700451
Functional diversification of fungal glutathione transferases from the ure2p class.	The glutathione-S-transferase (GST) proteins represent an extended family involved in detoxification processes. They are divided into various classes with high diversity in various organisms. The Ure2p class is especially expanded in saprophytic fungi compared to other fungi. This class is subdivided into two subclasses named Ure2pA and Ure2pB, which have rapidly diversified among fungal phyla. We have focused our analysis on Basidiomycetes and used Phanerochaete chrysosporium as a model to corr ...	2011	22164343
Molecular identification and functional characterization of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases from the brown-rot basidiomycete Postia placenta.	We explored the molecular diversity and functional capabilities of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) from the brown-rot basidiomycete Postia placenta. Using bioinformatic and experimental data, we found 250 genes of P450s in the whole genome, including 60 putative allelic variants. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of 42 families, including 18 novel families. Comparative phylogenetic analysis of P450s from P. placenta and the white-rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium sug ...	2011	21938516
characterization of a recombinant aryl β-glucosidase from neosartorya fischeri nrrl181.	an isolated gene from neosartorya fischeri nrrl181 encoding a β-glucosidase (bgl) was cloned, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. dna sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1,467 bp, capable of encoding a polypeptide of 488 amino acid residues. the gene was over-expressed in escherichia coli, and the protein was purified using nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid chromatography. the purified recombinant bgl showed a high level of catalytic activity, with v (max) ...	2011	22042231
phanerochaete chrysosporium ibl-03 secretes high titers of manganese peroxidase during decolorization of drimarine blue k2rl textile dye.	a novel indigenous strain, phanerochaete chrysosporium ibl-03, with high manganese peroxidase (mnp) activities was used for decolorization of a reactive textile dye, drimarine blue k2r, which is used extensively in textile units of pakistan. the initial experiment was run for seven days with 0.01% (w/v) dye solution prepared in kirk's basal nutrient medium. samples were removed after every 24 h and the extent of dye decolorization was determined at lambda(max) of the dye. the study revealed that ...	2011	21970166
phylogeny and intraspecific variation of the extreme xerophile, xeromyces bisporus.	the filamentous ascomycete xeromyces bisporus is an extreme xerophile able to grow down to a water activity of 0.62. we have inferred the phylogenetic position of xeromyces in relation to other xerophilic and xerotolerant fungi in the order eurotiales. using nrdna and betatubulin sequences, we show that it is more closely related to the xerophilic foodborne species of the genus chrysosporium, than to the genus monascus. the taxonomy of x. bisporus and monascus is discussed. based on physiologica ...	2011	22036289
keratinophilic fungi on feathers of common clinically healthy birds in bahrain.	the occurrence of keratinophilic fungi associated with feather samples from 10 bird species was investigated using mycobiotic agar(®) following the incubation at 25 ± 2°c for 4 weeks. a total of 225 feather samples were cultured, of which 157 (69.77%) were found to be positive. altogether 184 fungal isolates represented by 11 species and grouped into five genera were recovered viz. chrysosporium, trichophyton, arthroderma, scopulariopsis and sepedonium. based on relative density values to rank s ...	2011	19627507
distribution of dermatophytes and other related fungi in jaipur city, with particular reference to soil ph.	screening of 217 soil samples of different habitats, such as pg study centre, garden, farmhouse, nursery, roadside, hostel, animal habitat, bird habitat, marriage garden, temple, vegetable market and house dust, was carried out for the presence of dermatophytes and related fungi in relation to soil ph. a total of 461 isolates belonging to 26 genera and 34 species were recorded. soil ph values vary from 3 to 10.5. trichophyton verrucosum, microsporum audouinii and m. canis were isolated for the f ...	2011	19638000
bioremediation of a chilean andisol contaminated with pentachlorophenol (pcp) by solid substrate cultures of white-rot fungi.	this study provides a first attempt investigation of a serie of studies on the ability of anthracophyllum discolor, a recently isolated white-rot fungus from forest of southern chile, for the treatment of soil contaminated with pentachlorophenol (pcp) to future research on potential applications in bioremediation process. bioremediation of soil contaminated with pcp (250 and 350 mg kg⁻¹ soil) was investigated with a. discolor and compared with the reference strain phanerochaete chrysosporium. bo ...	2011	20512655
potential for bioremediation of agro-industrial effluents with high loads of pesticides by selected fungi.	wastewaters from the fruit packaging industry contain a high pesticide load and require treatment before their environmental discharge. we provide first evidence for the potential bioremediation of these wastewaters. three white rot fungi (wrf) (phanerochaete chrysosporium, trametes versicolor, pleurotus ostreatus) and an aspergillus niger strain were tested in straw extract medium (stem) and soil extract medium (sem) for degrading the pesticides thiabendazole (tbz), imazalil (imz), thiophanate ...	2011	20635121
prp8 intein in ajellomycetaceae family pathogens: sequence analysis, splicing evaluation and homing endonuclease activity.	inteins are intervening sequences that are transcribed and translated with flanking host protein sequences and then self-excised by protein splicing. bi-functional inteins also contain a homing endonuclease responsible for their genetic mobility. the prp8 intein, the most widespread among fungi, occurs in important pathogens such as histoplasma capsulatum and paracoccidioides brasiliensis, from the ajellomycetaceae family. herein, we describe the bi-functional prp8 intein in two other ajellomyce ...	2011	20682355
effect of chrysosporium keratinophilum metabolites against culex quinquefasciatus after chromatographic purification.	chrysosporium keratinophilum is known to be a keratinophilic fungus and an effective mosquito control agent. this fungus was grown on sabauraud dextrose broth in the laboratory at 25°c, while the relative humidity was maintained at 75 ± 5% for 15 days. filtration process of metabolites was done using whatman-1 filter paper, column chromatography and flash, chromatography. larvicidal efficacy was performed against all instars of culex quinquefasciatus. larvicidal efficacy was performed at six dif ...	2010	20689969
estimation of treatment time for microbial preprocessing of biomass.	biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol involves size reduction, preprocessing, pretreatment, enzyme hydrolysis, and fermentation. in recent years, microbial preprocessing has been gaining attention as a means to produce labile biomass for lessening the requirement of pretreatment severity. however, loss of sugars due to microbial consumption is a major consequence, suggesting its minimization through optimization of nutrients, temperature, and preprocessing time. in this wo ...	2010	20703957
the effectiveness of arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi and aspergillus niger or phanerochaete chrysosporium treated organic amendments from olive residues upon plant growth in a semi-arid degraded soil.	arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi and a residue from dry olive cake (doc) supplemented with rock phosphate (rp) and treated with either aspergillus niger (doc-a) or phanerochaete chrysosporium (doc-p), were assayed in a natural, semi-arid soil using trifolium repens or dorycnium pentaphyllum plants. the effects of the am fungi and/or doc-a were compared with p-fertilisation (p) over eleven successive harvests to evaluate the persistence of the effectiveness of the treatments. the biomass of dual ...	2010	20705386
molecular and structural modeling of the phanerochaete flavido-alba extracellular laccase reveals its ferroxidase structure.	the fungus phanerochaete flavido-alba is highly efficient in the oxidation of olive oil wastewater-derived polyphenols. this capability is largely due to the action of a multicopper-oxidase (mco), encoded by the pfal gene. we describe the sequence and organization of pfal gene and the biochemical characterization and predicted 3d structural model of the encoded protein. pfal gene organization and peptide sequence are highly similar to those of p. chrysosporium mcos. however, pfal is the first mc ...	2010	20717649
use of microfungi in the treatment of oak chips: possible effects on wine.	oak barrels are commonly used in the aging of wines and spirits because of their positive effects on the product. in recent years the addition of oak chips has been used to introduce desirable wood aromas and flavours into wines. in this study, oak chips in saline solution or laboratory medium were inoculated with penicillium purpurogenum, aureobasidium pullulans, phialemonium obovatum, phanerochaete chrysosporium and a combination of ph. chrysosporium and a. pullulans. after 12 weeks of incubat ...	2010	20718033
biodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in a fluidized bed reactor with immobilized phanerochaete chrysosporium.	the performance of a fluidized bed reactor using immobilized phanerochaete chrysosporium to remove 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp) from aqueous solution was investigated. the contribution of lignin peroxidase (lip) and manganese peroxidase (mnp) secreted by phanerochaete chrysosporium to the 2,4-dcp degradation was examined. results showed that lip and mnp were not essential to 2,4-dcp degradation while their presence enhanced the degradation process and reaction rate. in sequential batch experimen ...	2010	20729600
[diversity and evolution of ltr retrotransposons in the genome of phanerochaete chrysosporium (fungi: basidiomycota)].	the diversity of mobile elements, in particular ltr retrotransposons, in basidiomycetes fungi has been poorly studied. using complete genomic sequences, we have for the first time screened the genome of the lignin-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium for ltr retrotransposons. a surprisingly high diversity of ltr retrotransposons was found. twenty-three novel mobile elements from two superfamilies, pseudoviridae and metaviridae, were described. the proportion of ltr retrotransposons in th ...	2010	20734762
genetic transformation of lignin degrading fungi facilitated by agrobacterium tumefaciens.	white-rot fungi are primarily the major degraders of lignin, a major obstacle for commercial exploitation of plant byproducts to produce bioethanol and other industrially important products. however, to improve their efficacy for lignin degradation, it has become necessary to genetically modify these organisms using appropriate vectors. agrobacterium tumefaciens, a soil phytopathogenic bacterium, generally transforms plants by delivering a portion of the resident ti- plasmid, the t-dna (transfer ...	2010	20836896
effects of different wavelengths of light on lignin peroxidase production by the white-rot fungi phanerochaete chrysosporium grown in submerged cultures.	in this study, the effects of different wavelengths of light (uv, blue, green, yellow, red) and white light on lignin peroxidase (lip), protein, biomass and exo-polysaccharide production and glucose uptake by phanerochaete chrysosporium bkm-f-1767 were determined. the experiments were conducted under aerated (cs) and oxygenated (rs) culture conditions. the results showed that only green light significantly increased maximum lip production (by 20% and 27% in cs and rs cultures respectively). gree ...	2010	20655205
cellotriose and cellotetraose as inducers of the genes encoding cellobiohydrolases in the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium.	the wood decay basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium produces a variety of cellobiohydrolases belonging to glycoside hydrolase (gh) families 6 and 7 in the presence of cellulose. however, no inducer of the production of these enzymes has yet been identified. here, we quantitatively compared the transcript levels of the genes encoding gh family 6 cellobiohydrolase (cel6a) and gh family 7 cellobiohydrolase isozymes (cel7a to cel7f/g) in cultures containing glucose, cellulose, and cellooligosac ...	2010	20656867
removal of oseltamivir (tamiflu) and other selected pharmaceuticals from wastewater using a granular bioplastic formulation entrapping propagules of phanerochaete chrysosporium.	the capacity of the ligninolytic fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium to degrade a wide variety of environmentally persistent xenobiotics has been largely reported in the literature. beside other factors, one barrier to a wider use of this bioremediation fungus is the availability of effective formulations that ensure easy preparation, handling and application. in this series of laboratory experiments, we evaluated the efficiency of a granular bioplastic formulation entrapping propagules of p. chr ...	2010	20673959
genome-to-function characterization of novel fungal p450 monooxygenases oxidizing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs).	fungi, particularly the white rot basidiomycetes, have an extraordinary capability to degrade and/or mineralize (to co(2)) the recalcitrant fused-ring high molecular weight (4 aromatic-rings) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (hmw pahs). despite over 30years of research demonstrating involvement of p450 monooxygenation reactions in fungal metabolism of hmw pahs, specific p450 monooxygenases responsible for oxidation of these compounds are not yet known. here we report the first comprehensive iden ...	2010	20674550
characterization of three mnp genes of fomitiporia mediterranea and report of additional class ii peroxidases in the order hymenochaetales.	we report the sequence-based characterization and expression patterns of three manganese peroxidase genes from the white rot fungus and grape vine pathogen fomitiporia mediterranea (agaricomycotina, hymenochaetales), termed fmmnp1, fmmnp2, and fmmnp3. the predicted open reading frames (orfs) are 1,516-, 1,351-, and 1,345-bp long and are interrupted by seven, four, and four introns, respectively. the deduced amino acid sequences encode manganese peroxidases (ec 1.11.1.13) containing 371, 369, and ...	2010	20675443
transcriptional effect of a calmodulin inhibitor, w-7, on the ligninolytic enzyme genes in phanerochaete chrysosporium.	we investigated the effects of a calmodulin (cam) inhibitor, w-7, on the expression of lignin peroxidase (lip) and manganese peroxidase (mnp) genes in phanerochaete chrysosporium to consider the role of cam gene, which was upregulated in parallel with the total activities of lip and mnp in our previous transcriptomic analysis. the addition of 100 μm w-7 to the fungal cultures repressed the total activities of lip and mnp, whereas the addition of 100 μm w-5, which is a control drug of w-7, retain ...	2010	20532887
suspected fatal chrysosporium anamorph of nannizziopsis vriesii (canv) dermatitis in an albino boa constrictor (constrictor constrictor).		2010	20536700
chrysosporium lucknowense arabinohydrolases effectively degrade sugar beet arabinan.	the filamentous fungus chrysosporium lucknowense (c1) is a rich source of cell wall degrading enzymes. in the present paper four arabinose releasing enzymes from c1 were characterized, among them one endoarabinanase, two arabinofuranosidases and one exoarabinanase. combinations of these enzymes released up to 80% of the arabinose present in sugar beet arabinan to fermentable monosugars. besides the main product arabinobiose, unknown arabinose oligomers are produced from highly branched arabinan ...	2010	20566287
ethanol production via in situ fungal saccharification and fermentation of mild alkali and steam pretreated corn fiber.	the effect of mild alkali and steam pretreatments on fungal saccharification and sequential simultaneous-saccharification and fermentation (ssf) of corn fiber to ethanol was studied. the corn fiber was pretreated with: (i) 2% naoh (w/w) at 30 degrees c for 2h and (ii) steaming at 100 degrees c for 2h. ethanol yields were 2.6g, 2.9g and 5.5g ethanol/100g of corn fiber, respectively, for phanerochaete chrysosporium, gloeophyllum trabeum and trichoderma reesei saccharification and sequential ssfs. ...	2010	20624677
characterisation of recombinant pyranose oxidase from the cultivated mycorrhizal basidiomycete lyophyllum shimeji (hon-shimeji).	the flavin-dependent enzyme pyranose 2-oxidase (p2ox) has gained increased attention during the last years because of a number of attractive applications for this enzyme. p2ox is a unique biocatalyst with high potential for biotransformations of carbohydrates and in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. recently, it was shown that p2ox is useful as bioelement in biofuel cells, replacing glucose oxidase (gox), which traditionally is used in these applications. p2ox offers several advantages over gox ...	2010	20630076
atypical kinetics of cytochromes p450 catalysing 3'-hydroxylation of flavone from the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium.	we cloned full-length cdnas of 130 cytochrome p450s (p450s) derived from phanerochaete chrysosporium and successfully expressed 70 isoforms in saccharomyces cerevisiae. to elucidate substrate specificity of p. chrysosporium p450s, we examined various substrates including steroid hormones, several drugs, flavonoids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using the recombinant s. cerevisiae cells. of these p450s, two cyps designated as pccyp50c and pccyp142c with 14% identity in their amino acid sequ ...	2010	19819902
in vitro degradation of carbamazepine and diclofenac by crude lignin peroxidase.	carbamazepine and diclofenac were frequently detected in water bodies. in this study, crude lignin peroxidase, produced from a white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium, was studied on its in vitro degradation of both drugs. the influencing parameters were studied, including ph, the hydrogen peroxide concentration, veratryl alcohol and the temperature. it was found that lip completely degraded diclofenac at ph 3.0-4.5 and 3-24 ppm h(2)o(2) while the degradation efficiency of carbamazepine was ...	2010	19945218
enhanced decolourization of direct red-80 dye by the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium employing sequential design of experiments.	decolourization of direct red 80 (dr-80) by the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium mtcc 787 was investigated employing sequential design of experiments. media components for growing the white rot fungus were first screened using plackett-burman design and then optimized using response surface methodology (rsm), which resulted in enhancement in the efficiency of dye removal by the fungus. for determining the effect of media constituents on the dye removal, both percent dye decolourizati ...	2010	19960234
biodegradation of physicochemically treated polycarbonate by fungi.	two fungal strains isolated from soil and a commercial white-rot fungus, phanerochaete chrysosporium ncim 1170 (sf2), were tested for biodegradation of untreated, uv-, and thermal-treated bisphenol a polycarbonate (pc). the isolated strains based on 18s rdna analysis were characterized as engyodontium album mtp091 (sf1) and pencillium spp. mtp093 (sf3). about 5.4% weight loss and 40% reduction in m(n) were observed for uv-treated polycarbonate in one year with sf2 strain. an increase in surface ...	2010	19961236
evaluation of internal transcribed spacer 2-rflp analysis for the identification of dermatophytes.	a total of 95 isolates, belonging to 33 species of five dermatophyte genera, i.e. arthroderma (15 species), chrysosporium (two), epidermophyton (one), microsporum (three) and trichophyton (12), were studied using internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2)-pcr-rflp analysis (its2-rflp), consisting of amplification of the its2 region, restriction digestion with bstui (cg/cg) and restriction fragment length determination by capillary electrophoresis. its2-rflp analysis proved to be most useful for identi ...	2010	19779030
induction of functional cytochrome p450 and its involvement in degradation of benzoic acid by phanerochaete chrysosporium.	the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium has the largest cytochrome p450 contingent known to date in fungi, but the study on the function of these p450s is limited. in this study, induction of functional p450 in p. chrysosporium was first shown and p450-mediate degradation of benzoic acid was demonstrated in this fungus. carbon monoxide difference spectra indicated significant induction of p450 by benzoic acid, m-chlorobenzoic acid, p-chlorobenzoic acid and n-hexane, and showed the effec ...	2010	19787435
transformation of 17beta-estradiol mediated by lignin peroxidase: the role of veratryl alcohol.	lignin peroxidases (lips) are a group of extracellular enzymes excreted by certain fungi, e.g., phanerochaete chrysosporium. these fungi also produce veratryl alcohol (va) as a secondary metabolite to regulate the performance of lip. 17ss-estradiol (e2) is a natural female hormone that is strongly endocrine disruptive when released to the natural environment. the widespread occurrence of e2 and related hormonal chemicals in soil and water environments has been identified, representing an emergin ...	2010	20035325
comparative analysis of expressed sequence tags from the white-rot fungi (phanerochaete chrysosporium).	comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome of the p. chrysosporium is a useful approach to improve our understanding of its special and unique enzyme system and fungal evolution in molecular and industrial aspects. in order to unveil the functional diversity of this white-rot fungus in gene level and the expression patterns of its genes, in this study we carried out sequencing and annotation of 4,917 p. chrysosporium expressed sequence tags (ests). through our bioinformatic ests analysis, we el ...	2010	20069385
molecular characterization of lignin peroxidase from the white-rot basidiomycete trametes cervina: a novel fungal peroxidase.	the lignin peroxidase (lip) from trametes cervina was cloned, characterized, and identified as a novel fungal peroxidase. the sequence of t. cervina lip encodes the essential amino acids for shaping the heme cavity and calcium-binding sites, which are conserved in plant and fungal peroxidases. however, a sequence homology analysis showed that t. cervina lip has two unique features: it lacks the conserved tryptophan residue corresponding to the substrate-oxidation site (trp171) of phanerochaete c ...	2010	20070371
synthesis of cyclic beta-glucan using laminarinase 16a glycosynthase mutant from the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium.	glycosynthases are precise molecular instruments for making specifically linked oligosaccharides. x-ray crystallography screening of ligands bound to the 1,3(4)-beta-d-glucanase nucleophile mutant e115s of phanerochaete chrysosporium laminarinase 16a (lam16a) showed that laminariheptaose (l7) bound in an arch with the reducing and nonreducing ends occupying either side of the catalytic cleft of the enzyme. the x-ray structure of lam16a e115s in complex with alpha-laminariheptaosyl fluoride (alph ...	2010	20078120
metabolism of mono- and dichloro-dibenzo-p-dioxins by phanerochaete chrysosporium cytochromes p450.	the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium possesses biodegradative capabilities of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds). one hundred twenty yeast clones expressing individual p450s of p. chrysosporum (pccyps), generated in our previous efforts, were screened for transformation of dioxin, and 40 positive clones were obtained. of these clones, six clones showed metabolism of 2-chloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin, and a microsomal pccyp designated as pccyp11a3 showed much higher activity than any o ...	2010	20084508
effects of tertiary treatment by fungi on organic compounds in a kraft pulp mill effluent.	pulp and paper mills generate a plethora of pollutants depending upon the type of pulping process. efforts to mitigate the environmental impact of such effluents have been made by developing more effective biological treatment systems in terms of biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, colour and lignin content. this study is the first that reports an evaluation of the effects of a tertiary treatment by fungi (pleurotus sajor caju, trametes versicolor and phanerochaete chrysosporium a ...	2010	20101467
enzymatic degradation of tetracycline and oxytetracycline by crude manganese peroxidase prepared from phanerochaete chrysosporium.	pharmaceuticals have been attracting increasing attention in recent years as emerging contaminants, of which the most frequently detected kind in various environments are antibiotics. in this study, crude manganese peroxidase (mnp) prepared from the phanerochaete chrysosporium, a white rot fungi, was taken as a highly efficient biocatalyst to degrade tetracycline (tc) and oxytetracycline (otc) which are widely used antibiotics. the results show that 72.5% of 50mg/l of tc was degraded when added ...	2010	20117880
amino acid substitution at the substrate-binding subsite alters the specificity of the phanerochaete chrysosporium cellobiose dehydrogenase.	the active site of cellobiose dehydrogenase from phanerochaete chrysosporium is composed of two subsites, a catalytic c subsite and a substrate-binding b subsite. based on the crystal structure of the enzyme with a cellobiose analogue, residue glu279 was selected for site-directed mutagenesis studies. substitution of glu279 to ala, asn, and asp had no effect on the expression of the protein in pichia pastoris but completely abolished its enzymatic activity. substitution of glu279 to gln drastica ...	2010	20120044
biodelignification of rice straw by phanerochaete chrysosporium in the presence of dirhamnolipid.	lignin degradation by white-rot fungi has received considerable attention as a means for reducing accumulation of lignocellulosic wastes in the environment. the stimulatory effect of surfactants on fungal lignocellulose bioconversion also has attracted wide interest. in this study the influence of dirhamnolipid biosurfactant on biodegradation of rice straw by phanerochaete chrysosporium was investigated. it was shown that the biodelignification process of rice straw can be significantly enhanced ...	2010	20131085
functional expression of phanerochaete chrysosporium cellobiose dehydrogenase flavin domain in escherichia coli.	cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh; ec 1.1.99.18) is an extracellular glycosylated protein composed of two distinct domains, a c-terminal catalytic flavin domain and an n-terminal cytochrome-b-type heme domain, which transfers electrons from the flavin domain to external electron acceptors. the soluble flavin domain of the phanerochaete chrysosporium cdh was successfully expressed in escherichia coli. the enzyme showed dye-mediated cdh activity higher than that of the complete cdh, composed of flavin ...	2010	20140751
cloning and heterologous expression of two aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenases from the white-rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium.	we identified two aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase proteins (pcaldh1 and pcaldh2) from the white-rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. both pcaldhs were translationally up-regulated in response to exogenous addition of vanillin, one of the key aromatic compounds in the pathway of lignin degradation by basidiomycetes. to clarify the catalytic functions of pcaldhs, we isolated full-length cdnas encoding these proteins and heterologously expressed the recombinant enzymes using a pet/escherichia ...	2010	20175998
characterization of a unique proline iminopeptidase from white-rot basidiomycetes phanerochaete chrysosporium.	a putative gene encoding proline iminopeptidase (pchpipa) was cloned from phanerochaete chrysosporium bkm-f-1767 by rt-pcr and expressed successfully in escherichia coli. the cdna is 942 bp in length and encodes 313 amino acids. the recombinant enzyme was only able to hydrolyze pro-pna among the tested synthetic substrates. there is no activity detected toward leu-pna, phe-pna and tyr-pna, as well as ggg-pna, sgr-pna, aav-pna, aapl-pna, aava-pna. and the recombinant enzyme could cleave the pepti ...	2010	20188787
basidiomycete mating type genes and pheromone signaling.	the genome sequences of the basidiomycete agaricomycetes species coprinopsis cinerea, laccaria bicolor, schizophyllum commune, phanerochaete chrysosporium, and postia placenta, as well as of cryptococcus neoformans and ustilago maydis, are now publicly available. out of these fungi, c. cinerea, s. commune, and u. maydis, together with the budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, have been investigated for years genetically and molecularly for signaling in sexual reproduction. the comparison of th ...	2010	20190072