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essential oil composition and antifungal activity of melissa officinalis originating from north-est morocco, against postharvest phytopathogenic fungi in apples.to investigate biological control methods against post-harvest phytopathogenic fungi in apples, tests on the antifungal activity of essential oil of melissa officinalis were carried out. the essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (gc-ms). analysis of the essential oil was able to detect 88.7% of the components. the main components are p-mentha-1,2,3-triol (13.1%), p-menth-3-en-8-ol (8.8%), pulegone (8.8%), piperitynone oxid ...201728389346
biological activities of asteraceae (achillea millefolium and calendula officinalis) and lamiaceae (melissa officinalis and origanum majorana) plant extracts.asteraceae (achillea millefolium and calendula officinalis) and lamiaceae (melissa officinalis and origanum majorana) extracts were obtained by applying two sequential extraction processes: supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide, followed by ultrasonic assisted extraction using green solvents (ethanol and ethanol:water 50:50). the extracts were analyzed in terms of the total content of phenolic compounds and the content of flavonoids; the volatile oil composition of supercritical ext ...201728101823
medicinal plants targeting cardiovascular diseases in view of avicenna.cardiovascular disease (cvd) is a spectrum of diseases involving the heart and blood vessels, and the first cause of mortality worldwide. medicinal plants have been used for thousands of years to treat cvd. in traditional persian medicine (tpm), there is a special focus on heart diseases. avicenna, a persian physician of the eleventh century compiled a book devoted to this field named "the treatise on cardiac drugs" which is a compendium of tpm knowledge on cvd. avicenna mentioned 50 cardiovascul ...201728215156
hypnotic effect of coriandrum sativum, ziziphus jujuba, lavandula angustifolia and melissa officinalis extracts in mice.the aim of the present study was to evaluate hypnotic effect of coriandrum sativum, ziziphus jujuba, lavandula angustifolia and melissa officinalis hydroalcoholic extracts in mice to select the most effective ones for a combination formula. three doses of the extracts (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of c. sativum and z. jujuba and 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of l. angustifolia and m. officinalis) were orally administered to male swiss mice (20-25 g) and one hour later pentobarbital (50 mg/kg, i.p.) was inje ...201726779267
potential benefits of phytochemicals against alzheimer's disease.our current therapeutic drugs for alzheimer's disease are predominantly derived from the alkaloid class of plant phytochemicals. these drugs, such as galantamine and rivastigmine, attenuate the decline in the cholinergic system but, as the alkaloids occupy the most dangerous end of the phytochemical spectrum (indeed they function as feeding deterrents and poisons to other organisms within the plant itself), they are often associated with unpleasant side effects. in addition, these cholinesterase ...201728143625
essential oils: in vitro activity against leishmania amazonensis, cytotoxicity and chemical composition.the current chemotherapy for cutaneous leishmaniosis (cl) has a series of drug limitations such as toxic side effects, long duration, high costs and drug resistance, which requires the development of new drugs or effective alternatives to the cl treatment. essential oils (eos) are complex mixtures of secondary metabolites from various plants. it has been shown that several eos, or their constituents, have inhibitory activity against protozoa. thus, this study aims to evaluate the biological acti ...201627825341
medicinal herbs in iranian traditional medicine for learning and memory.a few factors such as age, stress, and emotions may lead to impaired learning, memory loss, amnesia, and dementia or threats like schizophrenia and alzheimer's disease (ad). iranian traditional medicine (itm) recommends some herbs and herbal preparations for the treatment or prevention of cns problems.201627840509
medicinal herbs in iranian traditional medicine for learning and memory.a few factors such as age, stress, and emotions may lead to impaired learning, memory loss, amnesia, and dementia or threats like schizophrenia and alzheimer's disease (ad). iranian traditional medicine (itm) recommends some herbs and herbal preparations for the treatment or prevention of cns problems.201627516676
adverse effects of plant food supplements and plants consumed as food: results from the poisons centres-based plantlibra study.plant food supplements (pfs) are products of increasing popularity and wide-spread distribution. nevertheless, information about their risks is limited. to fill this gap, a poisons centres-based study was performed as part of the eu project plantlibra. multicentre retrospective review of data from selected european and brazilian poisons centres, involving human cases of adverse effects due to plants consumed as food or as ingredients of food supplements recorded between 2006 and 2010. ten poison ...201626948409
chestnut and lemon balm based ingredients as natural preserving agents of the nutritional profile in matured "serra da estrela" cheese.chestnut flowers, lemon balm plants and their decoctions were incorporated into "serra da estrela" cheese, to assess their potential to preserve its nutritional properties and provide new foodstuffs. the analyses were carried out after the normal ripening period of 1month and after 6months of storage. the most abundant nutrients were proteins and fats. the most abundant minerals were ca and na, while c16:0 and c18:1 were the main fatty acids. saturated fatty acids were the most abundant, followe ...201626988492
hplc-dad phenolic profile, cytotoxic and anti-kinetoplastidae activity of melissa officinalis.context melissa officinalis subsp. inodora bornm. (lamiaceae) has been used since ancient times in folk medicine against various diseases, but it has not been investigated against protozoa. objective to evaluate the activities of m. officinalis against leishmania braziliensis, leishmania infantum and trypanosoma cruzi as well as its cytotoxicity in fibroblast cell line. materials and methods the fresh leaves were chopped into 1 cm(2) pieces, washed and macerated with 99.9% of ethanol for 72 h at ...201626864563
[investigation of the in vitro effects of melissa officinalis l., mentha x piperita l. and ocimum basilicum l. (lamiaceae) essential oils on the cysts and trophozoites of acanthamoeba castellani].acanthamoeba species are free living amoeba found widely all over the world. they are responsible for acanthamoeba keratitis (ak), an infection which is especially seen in contact lens users and after minor corneal traumas, that may lead blindness. at present, antifungals and antiseptics are used for the treatment of ak cases, however, some problems such as long treatment periods and the occurrence of side effects, resistance of cyst forms against drugs, emphasize the need for new drugs. there a ...201628124962
antiviral activity of the oseltamivir and melissa officinalis l. essential oil against avian influenza a virus (h9n2).lemon balm derivatives are going to acquire a novelty as natural and potent remedy for treatment of viral infections since the influenza viruses are developing resistance to the current antivirals widely. oseltamivir, melissa officinalis essential oil (moeo) and their synergistic efficacy against avian influenza virus (aiv) subtype h9n2 were evaluated in vitro in mdck cells at different time exposure by using tcid50, ha, real time pcr and hi assay. the results showed that moeo could inhibit repl ...201627366768
effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and polyphenol profile of marjoram, lemon balm, and marigold.the aim of this study is to examine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) colonization on biomass, polyphenol profile, and content of economically important herbs. a pot experiment was performed with marjoram, lemon balm, and marigold applying a commercially available amf mixture for inoculation. major polyphenols were identified using hplc-uv-esi-qtofms on the basis of their uv-vis and mass spectral characteristics, and selected ones were quantified. we showed that amf can provide di ...201627096876
drug target identification and elucidation of natural inhibitors for bordetella petrii: an in silico study.environmental microbes like bordetella petrii has been established as a causative agent for various infectious diseases in human. again, development of drug resistance in b. petrii challenged to combat against the infection. identification of potential drug target and proposing a novel lead compound against the pathogen has a great aid and value. in this study, bioinformatics tools and technology have been applied to suggest a potential drug target by screening the proteome information of b. pet ...201628154518
toxic potentials of ten herbs commonly used for aphrodisiac effect in turkey.sexual dysfunction is a serious problem worldwide. in turkey, herbal products are used by some people suffering from sexual dysfunction. despite their therapeutic advantages, some constituents of herbs are potentially toxic and pose health risks because they can be bought from the market without a prescription. therefore, we aimed to determine the safety of herbs possessing aphrodisiac effects, chosen on the basis of their frequency of medicinal use and commercial importance in turkey.201526281312
melissa officinalis l. decoctions as functional beverages: a bioactive approach and chemical characterization.lemon balm (melissa officinalis l.) is a member of the lamiaceae family with a long story of human consumption. it has been consumed for decades, directly in food and as a decoction or an infusion for its medicinal purposes. in this manuscript, a detailed chemical characterization of the decoction of this plant is described, encompassing antimicrobial, antioxidant and antitumor activities. rosmarinic acid and lithospermic acid a were the most abundant phenolic compounds. quinic acid, fructose, g ...201526075899
pp-12 efficacy of a standardized extract of matricariae chamomilla l., melissa officinalis l. and tyndallized lactobacillus acidophilus (h122) compared with lactobacillus reuteri (dsm 17938) and with simethicone for the treatment of infantile colic.infant colic is a prevalent physiological event of healthy children under 3 months of age, which can disrupt the child's home environment. despite its benign natural history, sometimes it requires a therapeutic approach. there is limited evidence supporting the use of complementary and alternative treatments. the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a mixture of standardized extract of matricariae chamomilla l., melissa officinalis l. and tyndallized lactobacillus acidophilu ...201526439577
detection of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in german licensed herbal medicinal teas.because of the hepatotoxic, mutagenic, and cancerogenic effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (pas) the german federal institute for risk assessment (bfr) recommends not to exceed a daily pa intake of 0.007 µg/kg body weight (0.42 µg/60 kg adult). in a recent study conducted by the bfr, up to 5647 µg pa/kg dried herbal material were detected in tea products marketed as food.201526055130
a review study on the effect of iranian herbal medicines on opioid withdrawal syndrome.addiction is a chronic and recurring disease that recurrence phenomenon is the most important challenge in treatment of this disease. recent experiences have shown that synthetic drugs have undesirable side effects. recent studies on medicinal plants have shown that they might be effective in treatment of different stages of addiction with lower side effects and costs. the aim of this study was to review the effects of medicinal plants in the treatment of morphine addiction in experimental anima ...201525818661
volatile compounds of lamiaceae exhibit a synergistic antibacterial activity with streptomycin.bacterial infections cause thousands of deaths in the world every year. in most cases, infections are more serious because the patient is already weakened, and often, the bacteria are already resistant to the antibiotics used. counterparting this negative scenario, the interest in medicinal plants as an alternative to the synthetic antimicrobial drugs is blossoming worldwide. in the present work, we identified the volatile compounds of ethanol extracts of melissa officinalis, mentha sp., ocimum ...201425763039
how sensitive is melissa officinalis to realistic ozone concentrations?lemon balm (melissa officinalis, l.; lamiaceae) was exposed to realistic ozone (o3) dosages (80 ppb for 5 h), because high background levels of o3 are considered to be as harmful as episodic o3 regimes. temporal alterations of different ecophysiological, biochemical and structural parameters were investigated in order to test if this species can be considered as an o3-bioindicator regarding changes in background concentrations. at the end of ozone exposure, the plants did not exhibit any visible ...201424321873
chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from leaves of algerian melissa officinalis l.the essential oil obtained from leaves of melissa officinalis l. (family of lamiaceae) growing in algeria, was investigated for its chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial activity. the chemical composition was determined by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gc/ms and gc-fid. sixty-three compounds were identified in the essential oil, representing 94.10 % of the total oil and the yields were 0.34 %. the major component was geranial (44.20 %). other predominant components were neral (30.2 ...201426417300
attachment and penetration of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus are inhibited by melissa officinalis extract.medicinal plants are increasingly of interest as novel source of drugs for antiherpetic agents, because herpes simplex virus (hsv) might develop resistance to commonly used antiviral drugs. an aqueous extract of melissa officinalis and the phenolic compounds caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and rosmarinic acid were examined for their antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) acyclovir-sensitive and clinical isolates of acyclovir-resistant strains in vitro. when drugs were added ...201424817544
ftir spectroscopic evaluation of changes in the cellular biochemical composition of the phytopathogenic fungus alternaria alternata induced by extracts of some greek medicinal and aromatic plants.in this study, the biological activity of aquatic extracts of selected greek medicinal and aromatic plants to the phytopathogenic fungus alternaria alternata was investigated. lamiaceae species (hyssopus officinalis l., melissa officinalis l., origanum dictamnus l., origanum vulgare l. and salvia officinalis l.) were found to enhance significantly the mycelium growth whereas crocus sativus appears to inhibit it slightly. m. officinalis and s. officinalis caused the highest stimulation in myceliu ...201424657421
antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the beverage obtained by fermentation of sweetened lemon balm
(melissa officinalis l.) tea with symbiotic consortium 
of bacteria and yeasts.kombucha is a fermented tea beverage which is traditionally prepared by fermenting sweetened black or green tea (camellia sinensis l.) with symbiotic consortium of bacteria and yeasts (scoby). in this study, lemon balm (melissa officinalis l.) was used as the only nitrogen source for kombucha fermentation. during the seven-day fermentation process, ph value, titratable acidity (ta), total phenolic content, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity against hydroxyl (˙oh) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-pic ...201427904315
assessment of inhibitory potential of essential oils on natural mycoflora and fusarium mycotoxins production in wheat.in the last years essential oils from different plants were used in the prevention of fungi and mycotoxins accumulation in cereals. the most attractive aspect derived from using of essential oils as seed grains protectants is due to their non-toxicity. this study was focused on assessment the inhibitory effect of some essential oils: melissa officinalis (o1), salvia officinalis (o2), coriandrum sativum (o3), thymus vulgaris (o4) mentha piperita (o5) and cinnamomum zeylanicum (o6) against natural ...201323409841
[antiinflammatory potential of seven plant extracts in the ultraviolet erythema test. a randomized, placebo-controlled study].phytotherapeutics are widely used in medicine. the aim of this study was the evaluation of the antiinflammatory potential of seven medical plant extracts using the ultraviolet- (uv)-erythema test.201323337964
plant-based medicines for anxiety disorders, part 2: a review of clinical studies with supporting preclinical evidence.research in the area of herbal psychopharmacology has revealed a variety of promising medicines that may provide benefit in the treatment of general anxiety and specific anxiety disorders. however, a comprehensive review of plant-based anxiolytics has been absent to date. thus, our aim was to provide a comprehensive narrative review of plant-based medicines that have clinical and/or preclinical evidence of anxiolytic activity. we present the article in two parts. in part one, we reviewed herbal ...201323653088
adverse effects of herbal medicines: an overview of systematic reviews.this overview of systematic reviews (srs) aims to evaluate critically the evidence regarding the adverse effects of herbal medicines (hms). five electronic databases were searched to identify all relevant srs, with 50 srs of 50 different hms meeting our inclusion criteria. most had only minor weaknesses in methods. serious adverse effects were noted only for four hms: herbae pulvis standardisatus, larrea tridentate, piper methysticum and cassia senna. the most severe adverse effects were liver o ...201323472485
melissa officinalis extract inhibits attachment of herpes simplex virus in vitro.extracts and essential oils of medicinal plants are increasingly of interest as novel drugs for antiherpetic agents, since the herpes simplex virus (hsv) might develop resistance to commonly used antiviral drugs.201222377592
analysis of plant galactolipids by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with accurate mass measurement.the composition of plant membrane lipids was investigated by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry with accurate mass measurement. the data dependent methods for the analysis of monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (mgdgs) and digalactosyldiacylglycerols (dgdgs) have been developed. the optimised chromatographic systems were based on a 2.0 mm i.d. nucleosil c18 column with methanol/water (mgdgs) or acetonitrile/methanol/water (dgdgs) gradients. the galactolipids were i ...201222465211
an evaluation of the inhibitory effects against rotavirus infection of edible plant extracts.rotaviruses are the single most important cause of severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. the developments of specific, potent and accessible antiviral treatments that restrain rotavirus infection remain important to control rotavirus disease.201222834653
exploring biodiversity in the bacterial community of the mediterranean phyllosphere and its relationship with airborne bacteria.we studied the structure and diversity of the phyllosphere bacterial community of a mediterranean ecosystem, in summer, the most stressful season in this environment. to this aim, we selected nine dominant perennial species, namely arbutus unedo, cistus incanus, lavandula stoechas, myrtus communis, phillyrea latifolia, pistacia lentiscus, quercus coccifera (woody), calamintha nepeta, and melissa officinalis (herbaceous). we also examined the extent to which airborne bacteria resemble the epiphyt ...201222544345
Protective effect of Melissa officinalis aqueous extract against Mn-induced oxidative stress in chronically exposed mice.Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for biological systems; however occupational exposure to high levels of this metal may lead to neurodegenerative disorders, resembling Parkinson's disease (PD). While its mechanisms of neurotoxicity have yet to be fully understood, oxidative stress plays a critical role. Thus, the main goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of aqueous extract of Melissa officinalis in attenuating Mn-induced brain oxidative stress in mice. Sixteen male mice were ...201222020131
Anti-proliferative Effect of Melissa officinalis on Human Colon Cancer Cell Line.Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) is consumed as a traditional herbal tea in the Mediterranean region. The cytotoxic effect of the 50% ethanolic and aqueous extract, determined by the MTT and NR assays, was evaluated in vitro on Human Colon Cancer Cell Line (HCT-116), using Triton 10% as positive control. The 50% ethanolic extract showed significant differences after 72 h of treatment, reducing cell proliferation to values close to 40%, even the lowest dose tested (5 µg/ml). In the MTT assay, t ...201121964875
evaluation of two natural extracts (rosmarinus officinalis l. and melissa officinalis l.) as antioxidants in cooked pork patties packed in map.two natural extracts, from rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis l.; nutrox) and lemon balm (melissa officinalis l.; meliox) showing a potential antioxidant activity, have been evaluated and compared with a synthetic antioxidant (butylated hydroxytoluene; bht) and a control batch. pork meat patties were made by addition of the mentioned compounds, cooked and packed in modified atmosphere and stored under illumination for 6 days. a descriptive sensory analysis was also conducted. the patties with natu ...201121345605
cloning and characterisation of rosmarinic acid synthase from melissa officinalis l.lemon balm (melissa officinalis l.; lamiaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant mainly due to two groups of compounds, the essential oil and the phenylpropanoid derivatives. the prominent phenolic compound is rosmarinic acid (ra), an ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid. ra shows a number of interesting biological activities. rosmarinic acid synthase (ras; 4-coumaroyl-coa:hydroxyphenyllactic acid hydroxycinnamoyltransferase) catalyses the ester formation. cell cultures of m. o ...201121354582
microbiological and toxicological quality of dried herbs.the microbiological and toxicological quality of 51 samples of dried herbs (melissa officinalis, salvia officinalis, malva sylvestris, matricaria chamomilla, alchemilla vulgaris and centaurea cyanus) cultivated in family-managed farms in molise region (italy) was evaluated.201121375549
"high in omega-3 fatty acids" bologna-type sausages stabilized with an aqueous-ethanol extract of melissa officinalis.a new formulation of bologna-type sausage enriched in ?-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) (8.75% linseed oil) was developed, using a lyophilized aqueous-ethanolic extract of melissa officinalis. a comparison with the effectiveness of butylhydroxy anisole (bha) synthetic antioxidant to decrease the oxidation of pufas was performed. the formulation increased the ?-3 pufas content, especially a-linolenic acid, decreasing significantly the ?-6/?-3 ratio from 17.3 to 1.9, and also the atherogenic ...201121439735
antibiofilm activity of selected plant essential oils and their major components.the aim of the study was to examine the antibiofilm activity of selected essential oils (eo): lavandula angustifblia (leo), melaleuca alternifolia (tto), melissa officinalis (meo) and some of their major constituents: linalool, linalyl acetate, alpha-terpineol, terpinen-4-ol. biofilms were formed by staphylococcus aureus atcc 29213 and escherichia coli nctc 8196 on the surface of medical biomaterials (urinary catheter, infusion tube and surgical mesh). ttc reduction assay was used for the evalua ...201121630572
antioxidant capacity and total phenolic contents of oregano (origanum vulgare), lavender (lavandula angustifolia) and lemon balm (melissa officinalis) from romania.the study reported here presents a comparative screening of three medicinal plants including oregano (origanum vulgare l.), lavender (lavandula angustifolia) and lemon balm (melissa officinalis) having the same geographical origin, the southeast region of romania, and growing in the same natural conditions. the contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids for the extracts of these were determined. furthermore, the total antioxidant capacity was also evaluated. it was found that origanum vulg ...201121707233
the effects of powdered fertilized eggs on depression.abstract this 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the effects of fertilized egg powder (young tissue extract; yte(®)) intake on outcome measures for depression. fifty-five patients with depression were randomly assigned to receive yte, yte plus melissa officinalis, or placebo for 12 weeks. at baseline, there were no significant differences in scores on the hamilton depression rating scale (ham-d) or beck depression inventory ii (bdi-ii) among the 3 groups. at 12 weeks, t ...201121631360
herbal extracts and phytochemicals: plant secondary metabolites and the enhancement of human brain function.humans consume a wide range of foods, drugs, and dietary supplements that are derived from plants and which modify the functioning of the central nervous sytem (cns). the psychoactive properties of these substances are attributable to the presence of plant secondary metabolites, chemicals that are not required for the immediate survival of the plant but which are synthesized to increase the fitness of the plant to survive by allowing it to interact with its environment, including pathogens and h ...201122211188
in vitro amoebicidal activities of satureja cuneifolia and melissa officinalis on acanthamoeba castellanii cysts and trophozoites.amoebic keratitis is difficult to treat without total efficacy in some patients because of cysts, which are less susceptible than trophozoites to the usual treatments. the aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro amoebicidal activity of the methanolic extracts of satureja cuneifolia and melissa officinalis. in the presence of methanolic extracts (ranging from 1.0 to 32.0 mg/ml), numbers of the viable acanthamoe castellanii trophozoites and cysts were decreased during the experimental proces ...201122160280
the role of phytochemicals in the treatment and prevention of dementia.dementia pathologies such as alzheimer's disease (ad) are reaching epidemic proportions, yet they are not successfully managed by effective symptomatic treatments. only five drugs have been developed to alleviate cognitive symptoms, and more effective and safe treatments are needed for both the cognitive symptoms and behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (bpsd). as two of these licensed drugs (cholinesterase inhibitors [cheis]) are naturally derived (galantamine and rivastigmine), t ...201121639405
Evaluation of the genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of Melissa officinalis in mice.Melissa officinalis (L.) (Lamiaceae), a plant known as the lemon balm, is native to the east Mediterranean region and west Asia. Also found in tropical countries, such as Brazil, where it is popularly known as "erva-cidreira" or "melissa", it is widely used in aqueous- or alcoholic-extract form in the treatment of various disorders. The aim was to investigate in vivo its antigenotoxicity and antimutagenicity, as well as its genotoxic/mutagenic potential through comet and micronucleus assaying. C ...201121734832
phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of some traditionally used medicinal plants affected by the extraction time and hydrolysis.polyphenolic phytochemicals in traditionally used medicinal plants act as powerful antioxidants, which aroused an increasing interest in their application in functional food development.201120848396
Pilot trial of Melissa officinalis L. leaf extract in the treatment of volunteers suffering from mild-to-moderate anxiety disorders and sleep disturbances.Botanicals are an alternative option to prescription drugs for the alleviation of symptoms due to anxiety disorders and insomnia. Melissa officinalis L. has been shown as an anti-stress and anxiolytic agent. We previously reported moderate stress improvement in mice in which Cyracos(®), a standardized Melissa officinalis L. extract, was administrated. Cyracos(®) contains phytochemicals that inhibit gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolism. This was a prospective, open-label, 15-day study to evaluate t ...201122207903
effect of plant extracts on alzheimer's disease: an insight into therapeutic avenues.alzheimer's disease (ad) is a devastative neurodegenerative disorder which needs adequate studies on effective treatment options. the extracts of plants and their effect on the amelioration of ad symptoms have been extensively studied. this paper summarizes the mechanisms like acetylcholinesterase (ache) inhibition, modification of monoamines, antiamyloid aggregation effect, and antioxidant activity which are actively entailed in the process of amelioration of ad symptoms. these effects are indu ...201121716802
the anti-angiogenic herbal extracts ob-x from morus alba, melissa officinalis, and artemisia capillaris suppresses adipogenesis in 3t3-l1 adipocytes.growing adipose tissue is thought to require adipogenesis, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ecm) remodeling. close examination of developing adipose tissue microvasculature reveals that angiogenesis often precedes adipogenesis. since our previous study demonstrated that ob-x, the anti-angiogenic herbal composition composed of melissa officinalis l. (labiatae), morus alba l. (moraceae), and artemisia capillaris thunb. (compositae), reduced adipose tissue mass in obese mice, we hypothesized ...201121449830
inhibition of hiv-1 infection by aqueous extracts of prunella vulgaris l.abstract:201121513560
the anti-angiogenic herbal composition ob-x from morus alba, melissa officinalis, and artemisia capillaris regulates obesity in genetically obese ob/ob mice.context: the growth and development of adipose tissue leading to obesity is suggested to depend on angiogenesis. our previous study showed that melissa officinalis l. (labiatae), morus alba l. (moraceae), and artemisia capillaris thunb. (compositae) are involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. we hypothesized that ob-x, a mixture of three herbs, m. alba, m. officinalis, and a. capillaris, can regulate obesity. objective: to investigate the inhibitory effect of ob-x on obesity in genetically o ...201121554004
inhibitory effects of 16-hydroxy-9-oxo-10e,12e,14e-octadecatrienoic acid (corchorifatty acid b) isolated from melissa officinalis linné on melanogenesis.16-hydroxy-9-oxo-10e,12e,14e-octadecatrienoic acid, also known as corchorifatty acid b (cfab), is isolated from the ethanol extracts of the aerial parts of melissa officinalis linné (labiatae) and exhibits inhibitory effects on cellular pigmentation in both human melanocytes and mouse melanoma b16 cells. cfab specifically decreases cellular melanin by most likely inducing rapid degradation of tyrosinase in b16 cells. interestingly, unlike other reagents that promote degradation of tyrosinase in ...201121410768
anthelmintic effects of phytogenic feed additives in ascaris suum inoculated pigs.two experiments were performed to determine the anthelmintic effect of some phytogenic feed additives on a mild infection of ascaris suum in growing and finishing pigs. usually, an infection of a. suum is controlled by using conventional synthetic drugs. organic farmers, however, prefer a non-pharmaceutical approach to worm control. therefore, phytotherapy could be an appropriate alternative. in the first experiment, a commercial available organic starter diet was supplemented with 3% of a herb ...201019954891
effects of chronic administration of melissa officinalis l. extract on anxiety-like reactivity and on circadian and exploratory activities in mice.this study aimed to determine the effects of chronic (15 consecutive days of treatment) per os administration of melissa officinalis l. extract (cyracos, naturex) on anxiety-like reactivity in mice. as measured by hplc, cyracos contains significant amounts of rosmarinic acid and the triterpenoids oleanolic acid and ursolic acid, which inhibit gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase (gaba-t) activity and increase gaba levels in the brain (awad et al., 2007; awad et al., 2009). thus, we evaluated cyr ...201020171069
therapeutic effects on murine oral candidiasis by oral administration of cassia (cinnamomum cassia) preparation.we examined the effects of spices and herbs on candida albicans growth using in vitro assay and therapeutic activity of some selected herbal preparations against murine oral candidiasis. all tested samples: lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus), lemon balm (melissa officinalis), thyme (thymus vulgaris), rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis), roselle (hibiscus sabdariffa), green tea (camellia sinensis), and cassia (cinnamomum cassia) inhibited candida mycelial growth in vitro. the results of this assay sh ...201020185867
phytochemistry and nematicidal activity of the essential oils from 8 greek lamiaceae aromatic plants and 13 terpene components.eight essential oils (eos) as well as 13 single terpenes were studied for their nematicidal activity against meloidogyne incognita , for three immersion periods (24, 48, and 96 h). the eos were isolated from eight greek lamiaceae species: melissa officinalis , sideritis clandestina , origanum dictamnus , ocimum basilicum , mentha pulegium , origanum vulgare , vitex agnus castus , and salvia officinalis . the eos nematicidal activity was correlated to their chemical composition as well as to the ...201020527965
an attempt of postharvest orange fruit rot control using essential oils from mediterranean plants.twelve essential oils from mediterranean aromatic plants were tested at different doses against four fungi known as causal agents of post-harvest orange fruit rot: botrytis cinerea, penicillium italicum, phytophthora citrophthora, and rhizopus stolonifer. essential oils were obtained from hyssopus officinalis, lavandula angustifolia, majorana hortensis, melissa officinalis, ocimum basilicum, origanum vulgare, salvia officinalis, and thymus vulgaris (family lamiaceae), verbena officinalis (family ...201020874226
effects of melissa officinalis l. (lemon balm) extract on neurogenesis associated with serum corticosterone and gaba in the mouse dentate gyrus.lemon balm, leaves of melissa officinalis l., has been used for anti-anxiety and spasmolytics. we observed the extract of melissa officinalis l. (moe) on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (dg) of middle-aged mice (12 months of age) using ki67 and doublecortin (dcx), respectively. we also observed changes in corticosterone, gad67 and gaba-transaminase (gaba-t) to check their possible mechanisms related to neurogenesis. we administered 50 or 200 mg/ ...201021076869
selenium, iodine, omega-3 pufa and natural antioxidant from melissa officinalis l.: a combination of components from healthier dry fermented sausages formulation.a new formulation of dry fermented sausage, including ingredients that improve the nutritional and health benefits of this type of product is presented. se yeast (2g/kg), iodized salt (26g/kg), linseed:algae (3:2) emulsion (62.5g/kg), and lyophilized water extract of melissa officinalis l. as a source of natural antioxidants (686mg/kg), yielded dry fermented sausages with technological and sensory properties similar to traditional ones. from the nutritional standpoint, a 50g portion of this prod ...201020374898
chemical composition and larvicidal evaluation of mentha, salvia, and melissa essential oils against the west nile virus mosquito culex pipiens.the volatile metabolites of wild-growing mentha spicata, m. longifolia, m. suaveolens, melissa officinalis, salvia fruticosa, s. pomifera subsp. calycina, and s. pomifera subsp. pomifera from greece were determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the insecticidal properties of the analyzed essential oils were screened on culex pipiens larvae. additionally two of the main components of the essential oils, piperitenone oxide and 1,8-cineole were assayed against c. p ...201020405142
anti-diabetic effects of lemon balm ( melissa officinalis) essential oil on glucose- and lipid-regulating enzymes in type 2 diabetic mice.the antioxidant activity of lemon balm (melissa officinalis) essential oil (lbeo) on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) radicals and its hypoglycaemic effect in db/db mice were investigated. lbeo scavenged 97 % of dpph radicals at a 270-fold dilution. mice administered lbeo (0.015 mg/d) for 6 weeks showed significantly reduced blood glucose (65 %; p < 0.05) and tag concentrations, improved glucose tolerance, as assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test, and significantly higher serum insulin ...201020487577
assessment of the antioxidant potential of selected plant extracts--in vitro and in vivo experiments on pork.the antioxidant potential of selected plant extracts was assessed in vitro and in vivo experiments on pork. in the in vitro experiment, the anti-oxidative capacity of ethanol-water extract of melissa officinalis (mw), ethanol-propylene-glycol extracts of m. officinalis (mp), origanum vulgaris (o) and salvia officinalis (s) at different dilutions was analysed. furthermore a 2% essential oil concentrate was added to origanum (osi) and salvia (ssi). in the two in vivo experiments in total 104 slova ...201020488625
enzymes of phenylpropanoid metabolism in the important medicinal plant melissa officinalis l.lemon balm (melissa officinalis, lamiaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant. amongst the biologically active ingredients are a number of phenolic compounds, the most prominent of which is rosmarinic acid. to obtain better knowledge of the biosynthesis of these phenolic compounds, two enzymes of the general phenylpropanoid pathway, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) and 4-coumarate:coenzyme a-ligase (4cl), were investigated in suspension cultures of lemon balm. mopal1 and mo4cl1 cdnas were cloned ...201020563822
phytotoxic activities of mediterranean essential oils.twelve essential oils from mediterranean aromatic plants were tested for their phytotoxic activity, at different doses, against the germination and the initial radicle growth of seeds of raphanus sativus, lactuca sativa and lepidium sativum. the essential oils were obtained from hyssopus officinalis, lavandula angustifolia, majorana hortensis, melissa officinalis, ocimum basilicum, origanum vulgare, salvia officinalis and thymus vulgaris (lamiaceae), verbena officinalis (verbenaceae), pimpinella ...201020657443
composition of the fresh leaves and stems of melissa officinalis and evaluation of skin irritation in a reconstituted human epidermis model.the composition of a centrifuged product obtained from the fresh leaves and stems of melissa officinalis and skin irritation in the reconstituted human epidermis (episkin model) have been investigated in comparison to the etoh-h(2)o (1:1) extract obtained by soxhlet from the dried plant. two new sulfated triterpenes (1 and 2) and two ionol derivatives have been isolated for the first time from melissa officinalis together with caffeic and rosmarinic acids. the structures of compounds 1 and 2 wer ...200919653667
neuroprotective and neurological properties of melissa officinalis.melissa officinalis has traditionally been used due to its effects on nervous system. both methanolic and aqueous extracts were tested for protective effects on the pc12 cell line, free radical scavenging properties and neurological activities (inhibition of mao-a and acetylcholinesterase enzymes and affinity to the gaba(a)-benzodiazepine receptor). the results suggest that the plant has a significant (p < 0.05) protective effect on hydrogen peroxide induced toxicity in pc12 cells. the radical s ...200919760174
formulations of dietary supplements and herbal extracts for relaxation and anxiolytic action: relarian.dietary supplements are widely used for desired effects on memory, insomnia, mood and anxiety. this review focuses on supplements which have anxiolytic or mild relaxation properties and enhance mood. for example, kava (piper methysticum) is reported to have anaxiolytic actions and to reduce tension through skeletal muscle relaxation. dried passion flower (genus passiflora) is reported to reduce insomnia and hysteria. skullcap (genus scutellaria), hops (humulus lupulus), lemon balm (melissa offic ...200919865069
bioassay-guided fractionation of lemon balm (melissa officinalis l.) using an in vitro measure of gaba transaminase activity.a novel pharmacological mechanism of action for the anxiolytic botanical melissa officinalis l. (lemon balm) is reported. the methanol extract was identified as a potent in vitro inhibitor of rat brain gaba transaminase (gaba-t), an enzyme target in the therapy of anxiety, epilepsy and related neurological disorders. bioassay-guided fractionation led to the identification and isolation of rosmarinic acid (ra) and the triterpenoids, ursolic acid (ua) and oleanolic acid (oa) as active principles. ...200919165747
mechanisms involved in the antinociception caused by ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of melissa officinalis (lemon balm) in mice.the present study examined the antinociceptive effect of the ethanolic extract from melissa officinalis l. and of the rosmarinic acid in chemical behavioral models of nociception and investigates some of the mechanisms underlying this effect. the extract (3-1000 mg/kg), given orally (p.o.) 1 h prior to testing, produced dose-dependent inhibition of acetic acid-induced visceral pain, with id50 value of 241.9 mg/kg. in the formalin test, the extract (30-1000 mg/kg, p.o.) also caused significant in ...200919358864
appraisal of scopolamine-induced antiamnesic effect in mice and in vitro antiacetylcholinesterase and antioxidant activities of some traditionally used lamiaceae plants.salvia species and melissa officinalis are used for their memory-enhancing effects in european folk medicine. teucrium polium was reported to be used in anatolia for memory-enhancement in a very old book written by an ottoman herbalist-physician.200919162154
antioxidant effects of different extracts from melissa officinalis, matricaria recutita and cymbopogon citratus.considering the important role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases, and the growing evidence of the presence of compounds with antioxidant properties in the plant extracts, the aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant capacity of three plants used in brazil to treat neurological disorders: melissa officinalis, matricaria recutita and cymbopogon citratus. the antioxidant effect of phenolic compounds commonly found in plant extracts, namely, ...200918853256
endothelium-dependent induction of vasorelaxation by melissa officinalis l. ssp. officinalis in rat isolated thoracic aorta.in the current study, vasorelaxant effect produced by the aqueous extract of melissa officinalis l. ssp. officinalis (moo) (lamiaceae) and its possible mechanism in isolated rat aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine were examined. in the first series of experiments, effect of moo on the baseline and phenylephrine (10(-5)m) precontracted arteries was investigated, while in the second group of experiments, endothelium intact or endothelium denuded effect was determined. the agents used wer ...200818606529
medicinal plant treatments for fleas and ear problems of cats and dogs in british columbia, canada.research conducted in 2003/2004 documented and validated (in a non-experimental way) ethnoveterinary medicines used by small-scale, organic livestock farmers in british columbia (bc), canada. interviews were conducted with 60 participants who were organic farmers or holistic medicinal/veterinary practitioners. a workshop was held with selected participants to discuss the plant-based treatments. this paper reports on the medicinal plants used for fleas in cats and dogs. fleas and flies are treate ...200818563443
activity of essential oils and individual components against acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase.we have tested acetylcholinesterase (ache) and butyrylcholinesterase (bche) inhibitory activities of nineteen essential oils obtained from cultivated plants, namely one from anethum graveolens l. (organic fertilizer), two from foeniculum vulgare mill. collected at fully-mature and flowering stages (organic fertilizer), two from melissa officinalis l. (cultivated using organic and chemical fertilizers), two from mentha piperita l. and m. spicata l. (organic fertilizer), two from lavandula officin ...200818810999
radical scavenging, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of melissa officinalis l. extracts.the aromatic herb melissa officinalis l. can be used as an easily accessible source of natural antioxidants and as a possible food supplement and as a phytochemical. radical scavenging, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water extracts of m. officinalis l. extracts were investigated. the results of antioxidative activity, obtained by electron spin resonance spectroscopy, confirmed that investigated extracts suppressed the ...200818361749
[advances on the effects of the compounds of a phytotherapic agent (colimil) on upper gastrointestinal transit in mice].phytotherapic agents, such as herbal formulations containing matricariae recutita flowers (chamomile) extract, foeniculum vulgare fruit (fennel) extract and melissa officinalis aerial parts (lemon balm) extract have beneficial effects on gastrointestinal tract in colicky infants. however, the mechanism is largely unexplored and, particularly, it is not clear if it affects intestinal motility. the aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effect of different herbal formulations containin ...200818487975
chemical compositions and antioxidant properties of essential oils from nine species of turkish plants obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and steam distillation.chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of essential oils from nine different species of turkish plants, namely melissa officinalis l., rosmarinus officinalis l., cuminum cyminum l., piper nigrum l., lavandula stoechas spp., foeniculum vulgare, pimpinella anisum l., thymus serpyllum and liquidamber orientalis mill., were studied. essential oils were obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide (scco2) extraction and steam distillation, and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectromet ...200819382349
pharmacological profile of an essential oil derived from melissa officinalis with anti-agitation properties: focus on ligand-gated channels.a dual radioligand binding and electrophysiological study, focusing on a range of ligand-gated ion channels, was performed with a chemically-validated essential oil derived from melissa officinalis (mo), which has shown clinical benefit in treating agitation. mo inhibited binding of [35s] t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate (tbps) to the rat forebrain gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba)(a) receptor channel (apparent ic50 0.040+/-0.001 mg ml(-1)), but had no effect on n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda), alpha-am ...200818284819
melissa officinalis oil affects infectivity of enveloped herpesviruses.extracts and essential oils of medicinal plants are increasingly of interest as novel drugs of antimicrobial and antiviral agents, since herpes simplex virus (hsv) might develop resistance to commonly used antiviral agents. melissa officinalis essential oil was phytochemically examined by gc-ms analysis, its main constituents were identified as monoterpenaldehydes citral a, citral b and citronellal. the antiviral effect of lemon balm oil, the essential oil of melissa officinalis, on herpes simpl ...200818693101
aqueous extracts from peppermint, sage and lemon balm leaves display potent anti-hiv-1 activity by increasing the virion density.aqueous extracts from leaves of well known species of the lamiaceae family were examined for their potency to inhibit infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1).200818355409
pharmacological profile of essential oils derived from lavandula angustifolia and melissa officinalis with anti-agitation properties: focus on ligand-gated channels.both melissa officinalis (mo) and lavandula angustifolia (la) essential oils have putative anti-agitation properties in humans, indicating common components with a depressant action in the central nervous system. a dual radioligand binding and electrophysiological study, focusing on a range of ligand-gated ion channels, was performed with a chemically validated essential oil derived from la, which has shown clinical benefit in treating agitation. la inhibited [35s] tbps binding to the rat forebr ...200818957173
inhibitory activity of melissa officinalis l. extract on herpes simplex virus type 2 replication.melissa officinalis l. (lamiaceae) (lemon balm) is used in folk medicine for nervous complaints, lower abdominal disorders and, more recently, for treating herpes simplex lesions. in this work the antiviral activity of a hydroalcoholic extract of lemon balm leaves against the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) was assessed by the cytopathic effect inhibition assay on vero cells (atcc ccl-81), in comparison with acyclovir. the cytotoxicity of the extract on vero cells was previously tested by ev ...200819023806
chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oil of melissa officinalis l. from romania.melissa officinalis l. (lemon balm) is used in traditional medicine to treat insomnia, anxiety, gastric conditions, psychiatric conditions, migraines, hypertension and bronchial conditions. natural essential oils (mixtures of fragrant chemical) obtained from various parts of plants are efficient active antimicrobial agents. the widespread use of antimicrobial agents selects resistant bacterial strains, which seriously compromise the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment. the use of herbal medici ...200820201279
regulation of obesity and lipid disorders by herbal extracts from morus alba, melissa officinalis, and artemisia capillaris in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.melissa officinalis l. (labiatae), morus alba l. (moraceae), and artemisia capillaris thunb. (compositae) are suggested to be involved in the regulation of hyperlipidemia. we hypothesized that ob-x, a mixture of three herbs, morus alba, melissa officinalis and artemisia capillaris [corrected] improves lipid metabolism, body weight gain and adiposity and that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (pparalpha) is associated with these events. mice fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks exhibit ...200818023310
application of poly(dimethylsiloxane) fiber sol-gel coated onto niti alloy electrodeposited with zirconium oxide for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in herbal infusions.a pdms fiber sol-gel coated onto an niti alloy previously electrodeposited with zirconium oxide (named niti-zro(2)-pdms) was applied to the determination of organochlorine pesticides (ocps) in infusions of peppermint (mentha piperita l.), lemon grass (cymbopogon citratus stapf), chamomile (matricaria recutita l.), lemon balm (melissa officinalis l.), and anise seeds (pimpinella anisum l.). salting-out effect, extraction time, and extraction temperature were optimized firstly by means of a full-f ...200818666186
ethnoveterinary medicines used for ruminants in british columbia, canada.the use of medicinal plants is an option for livestock farmers who are not allowed to use allopathic drugs under certified organic programs or cannot afford to use allopathic drugs for minor health problems of livestock.200717324258
medicinal plants used in kirklareli province (turkey).in this paper, 126 traditional medicinal plants from kirklareli province in turkey have been reported. one hundred and twenty six plant species belonging to 54 families and among them 100 species were wild and 26 species were cultivated plants. most used families were rosaceae, labiatae, compositae and the most used plants were cotinus coggyria, sambucus ebulus, achillea millefolium subsp. pannonica, hypericum perforatum, matricaria chamomilla var. recutita, melissa officinalis subsp. officinali ...200717257791
effects of the herbal formulation colimil on upper gastrointestinal transit in mice in vivo.clinical evidence suggests that the herbal formulation colimil (which contains matricaria recutita flowers extract, foeniculum vulgare fruit extract and melissa officinalis aerial parts extract) is effective in the treatment of breastfed colic in infants. therefore the effect of this phytotherapeutic formulation and its herbal constituents on upper gastrointestinal transit was investigated in mice in vivo. oral administration of the herbal formulation (0.4-0.8 ml/mice) dose-dependently delayed u ...200717582592
ethnoveterinary medicines used to treat endoparasites and stomach problems in pigs and pets in british columbia, canada.this paper documents the medicinal plants used to treat endoparasites and stomach problems in dogs, cats and pigs in british columbia, canada. ethnoveterinary data was collected over a 6-month period in 2003. the majority of the information on pets came from 2 naturopaths, 10 herbalists, 5 dog trainers, breeders and pet shop owners, 9 holistic veterinarians and 6 of 27 organic farmers. two pig farmers joined the study in the final stages. the following plants were used as anthelmintics: artemisi ...200717628343
in vitro antioxidant and anti-rhizopus activities of lamiaceae herbal extracts.eighty-eight extracts of different polarity obtained from 18 lamiaceae medicinal and aromatic plants were screened for their antioxidant and antifungal properties. a tlc analysis combined with two bioassays were used to detect these activities. in most cases the highest radical scavenger capacity was detected in methanolic and aqueous extracts and polyphenols may be responsible. the most interesting antioxidant activity was observed in polar extracts obtained from lycopus europaeus, melissa offi ...200717912643
effects of traditionally used anxiolytic botanicals on enzymes of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) system.in canada, the use of botanical natural health products (nhps) for anxiety disorders is on the rise, and a critical evaluation of their safety and efficacy is required. the purpose of this study was to determine whether commercially available botanicals directly affect the primary brain enzymes responsible for gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) metabolism. anxiolytic plants may interact with either glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad) or gaba transaminase (gaba-t) and ultimately influence brain gaba le ...200718066140
the in vitro screening for acetylcholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant activity of medicinal plants from portugal.essential oil, ethanolic extract and decoction of 10 plant species from interior portugal were analyzed for their activity towards acetylcholinesterase (ache) enzyme and their antioxidant activity. of these, melissa officinalis, paronychia argentea, sanguisorba minor, hypericum undulatum and malva silvestris are used in herbal medicine, laurus nobilis and mentha suaveolens as condiments, and salvia officinalis, lavandula angustifolia and lavandula pedunculata also as aromatics. melissa officinal ...200616737790
larvicidal activity of some labiatae (lamiaceae) plant extracts from turkey.ethanol extracts of the aerial parts from five labiatae (lamiaceae) species, obtained from antalya, turkey, were tested for larvicidal activity against the house mosquito culex pipiens l. (diptera: culicidae) under laboratory conditions. third and fourth instar mortality from six concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm) of each plant extract were compared against the organophosphorus insecticide, temephos which is currently used for larval control. all plant extracts showed high larvicida ...200617009204
antiviral effect of aqueous extracts from species of the lamiaceae family against herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in vitro.aqueous extracts from species of the lamiaceae family were examined for their antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus (hsv). extracts from lemon balm (melissa officinalis), peppermint (mentha x piperita), prunella (prunella vulgaris), rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis), sage (salvia officinalis) and thyme (thymus vulgaris) were screened. their inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), type 2 (hsv-2) and an acyclovir-resistant strain of hsv-1 (acv (res)) was tested i ...200617091431
the cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of some herbal teas.the total antioxidant capacity of the aqueous extracts of some endemic herbs-prepared as infusions by steeping these herbs in hot water--was assayed with bis(neocuproine)copper(ii) chloride, also known as the cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (cuprac) reagent, which was easily accessible, rapid, stable and responsive to both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants. the highest antioxidant capacities of some herbal teas available in the turkish market were observed for scarlet pimpernel (a ...200617135020
the psychopharmacology of european herbs with cognition-enhancing properties.extensive research suggests that a number of plant-derived chemicals and traditional oriental herbal remedies possess cognition-enhancing properties. widely used current treatments for dementia include extracts of ginkgo biloba and several alkaloidal, and therefore toxic, plant-derived cholinergic agents. several non-toxic, european herbal species have pan-cultural traditions as treatments for cognitive deficits, including those associated with ageing. to date they have not received research int ...200617168769
natural remedies for herpes simplex.herpes simplex is a common viral infection of the skin or mucous membranes. the lesions caused by this infection are often painful, burning, or pruritic, and tend to recur in most patients. short-term treatment with acyclovir can accelerate the healing of an acute outbreak, and continuous acyclovir therapy is often prescribed for people with frequent recurrences. while this drug can reduce the recurrence rate by 60-90 percent, it can also cause a wide array of side effects, including renal failu ...200616813459
the efficacy of an herbal medicine, carmint, on the relief of abdominal pain and bloating in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a pilot study.carmint contains total extracts of melissa officinalis, mentha spicata, and coriandrum sativum, which have antispasmodic, carminative, and sedative effects. as abdominal pain/discomfort and bloating are commonly observed in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, we decided to evaluate the effectiveness of carmint in relieving these symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome patients. we randomly assigned 32 irritable bowel syndrome patients to receive either carmint or placebo, plus loperamide or psy ...200616868824
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