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urban herring gulls use human behavioural cues to locate food.while many animals are negatively affected by urbanization, some species appear to thrive in urban environments. herring gulls (larus argentatus) are commonly found in urban areas and often scavenge food discarded by humans. despite increasing interactions between humans and gulls, little is known about the cognitive underpinnings of urban gull behaviour and to what extent they use human behavioural cues when making foraging decisions. we investigated whether gulls are more attracted to anthropo ...202032257348
intestinal flukes recovered from a herring gull, larus argentatus, in the republic of korea.trematode specimens were collected from the intestine of a herring gull, larus argentatus, which was found in a critical condition on the shore of a small island (yubu-do, seocheon-gun, chungcheongnam-do) located at the western coast of the korean peninsula. total 11 specimens of intestinal flukes, including 3 cryptocotyle lingua (heterophyidae), 1 himasthla alincia (echinostomatidae), 5 cardiocephaloides medioconiger (strigeidae), and 2 diplostomum spathaceum (diplostomidae), were recovered. c. ...202032145732
foraging ecology drives mercury contamination in chick gulls from the english channel.although mercury (hg) occurs naturally, human activity is currently the greatest source of release and the ocean receives hg inputs by rivers and atmospheric deposition. seabirds including chicks serve as valuable bioindicators of hg contamination, reflecting local contamination around the colony. this study investigates the ecological drivers (trophic position and foraging habitat) influencing hg concentrations in blood and feathers of chicks of three sympatric marine gull species. chicks were ...202033162157
interspecies comparisons of brominated flame retardants in relation to foraging ecology and behaviour of gulls frequenting a uk landfill.this study quantifies and compares concentrations and profiles of legacy and alternative (alt-) brominated flame retardants (bfrs) in the eggs of three gull (laridae) species of international/uk conservation concern - great black-backed gulls (larus marinus; n = 7), european herring gulls (l. argentatus; n = 16) and lesser black-backed gulls (l. fuscus; n = 11) in relation to their foraging ecology and behaviour in order to investigate potential exposure pathways at a remote landfill in western ...202033131861
novel insights into chromosome evolution of charadriiformes: extensive genomic reshuffling in the wattled jacana (jacana jacana, charadriiformes, jacanidae).the order charadriiformes comprises three major clades: lari and scolopaci as sister group to charadrii. until now, only three charadriiformes species have been studied by chromosome painting: larus argentatus (lari), burhinus oedicnemus and vanellus chilensis (charadrii). hence, there is a lack of information concerning the third clade, scolapaci. based on this, and to gain a better understanding of karyotype evolution in the order charadriiformes, we applied conventional and molecular cytogene ...202032105288
opportunistic predation of birds by breeding herring gulls (larus argentatus).dietary specialization, exploiting a small fraction of available food resources, is commonly reported for gulls and skuas. predation of birds by these species is usually considered a specialist strategy employed by the minority of the population but non-specialists also predate birds and may actually have a greater impact on the prey species. to date, most studies have focused on predatory bird-specialists, down-playing the possible importance of opportunistic predation by non-specialists. we ad ...202033057336
common eider and herring gull as contaminant indicators of different ecological niches of an urban fjord system.seabirds like gulls are common indicators in contaminant monitoring. the herring gull (larus argentatus) is a generalist with a broad range of dietary sources, possibly introducing a weakness in its representativeness of aquatic contamination. to investigate the herring gull as an indicator of contamination in an urban-influenced fjord, the norwegian oslofjord, we compared concentrations of a range of lipophilic and protein-associated organohalogen contaminants (ohcs), hg, and dietary markers in ...202032926521
genome sequence of colistin-resistant escherichia coli clr8, isolated from the feces of larus argentatus.migratory birds are potential vehicles of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. in this study, a colistin-resistant escherichia coli strain, clr8, was isolated from the feces of larus argentatus the draft genome sequence of the strain indicated that it hosts mcr-1, which is a plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene.202032646903
both short and long distance migrants use energy-minimizing migration strategies in north american herring gulls.recent studies have proposed that birds migrating short distances migrate at an overall slower pace, minimizing energy expenditure, while birds migrating long distances minimize time spent on migration to cope with seasonal changes in environmental conditions.202032549986
occurrence of esbl-producing escherichia coli st131, including the h30-rx and c1-m27 subclones, among urban seagulls from the united kingdom.antimicrobial resistance is a public health concern. understanding any role that urban seagulls may have as a reservoir of resistant bacteria could be important for reducing transmission. this study investigated fecal escherichia coli isolates from seagulls (herring gulls and lesser black-backed gulls) to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (esc-r) and fluoroquinolone-resistant e. coli among gull species from two cities (taunton and birmingham) in the united kin ...202032519936
the prevalence and source of plastic incorporated into nests of five seabird species on a small offshore island.there is little evidence documenting the prevalence of plastic nest incorporation for different seabird species and populations, and even less detailing the source of such debris as nesting material. this study presents a baseline dataset on the presence of plastic in the nests of five seabird species on lady isle, scotland using a novel and repeatable methodology for quantifying plastic incorporated into nests. plastic was found in 24.5% to 80% of nests of all species. we analysed pellets of re ...202032319907
distribution behaviour in body compartments and in ovo transfer of flame retardants in north american great lakes herring gulls.polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and other halogenated flame retardants (hfrs) continue to be an environmental concern. in the laurentian great lakes, herring gulls (larus argentatus) are an important wildlife sentinel species, although very little information is available regarding the body distribution (limited to e.g. liver and blood) of these contaminants and in relation to depuration via in ovo transfer. maternal transfer rates and distribution were presently determined in six body co ...202032163809
molecular identification of four sarcocystis species in the herring gull, larus argentatus, from lithuania.birds of the family laridae have not been intensively examined for infections with sarcocystis spp. to date, sarcocysts of two species, s. lari and s. wobeseri, have been identified in the muscles of gulls. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the species richness of sarcocystis in the herring gull, larus argentatus, from lithuania.202031907072
an engineering perspective on the microstructure and compression properties of the seagull larus argentatus feather rachis.the feathers of the seagull larus argentatus are lightweight but can withstand high alternating stresses and exhibit excellent stiffness and strength. the shaft is an important part of the feather, with the functions of body protection and supporting flight. in this study, the microstructure properties of l. argentatus feather rachis were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (sem). these analysis methods enabled the configuration, structure and compression properties of the rachis to be inve ...201931450186
herring gulls respond to human gaze direction.human-wildlife conflict is one of the greatest threats to species populations worldwide. one species facing national declines in the uk is the herring gull (larus argentatus), despite an increase in numbers in urban areas. gulls in urban areas are often considered a nuisance owing to behaviours such as food-snatching. whether urban gull feeding behaviour is influenced by human behavioural cues, such as gaze direction, remains unknown. we therefore measured the approach times of herring gulls to ...201931387474
halogenated organic compounds in the eggs of aquatic birds from the gulf of gdansk and wloclawek dam (poland).diet is the major route of exposure to environmental contaminants in biota and, after penetration into an organism, xenobiotics continue to accumulate in the body. in birds the egg-laying process acts as a transfer mechanism for the accumulated pollutants and results in the burdening of the next generation at an early stage of development. this transfer has a strong influence on developmental disorders and even breeding success. with this in mind polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbde), polychlori ...201931382198
tetrabromobisphenol-a-bis(dibromopropyl ether) flame retardant in eggs, regurgitates, and feces of herring gulls from multiple north american great lakes locations.the occurrence of tetrabromobisphenol-a-bis(2,3,-dibromopropyl ether) (tbbpa-bdbpe) flame retardant is generally unknown in wildlife. a highly sensitive, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based method was developed for tbbpa-bdbpe with optimized parameters for large volume injection. we report on tbbpa-bdbpe and temporal and spatial trends in herring gull egg pools and individuals from 14 colony sites across the laurentian great lakes of north america. tbbpa-bdbpe identification was confirmed ...201931364365
recent findings of halogenated flame retardants (hfr) in the german and polar environment.to get an overview about distribution, levels and temporal trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbde) and halogenated flame retardants (hfr) of emerging concern, different types of environmental samples archived in the german environment specimen bank as well as fish filet samples from the arctic (n = 13) and antarctica (n = 5) were analysed for 43 substances (24 pbde, 19 hfr) using a multi-column clean-up and gc-api-ms/ms or gc-ms. sample types were herring gull egg (n = 3), blue mussel (n ...201931349194
spatial and temporal variability of perfluoroalkyl substances in the laurentian great lakes.per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (pfas) are a diverse group of fluorinated organic chemicals that have been used in industrial and consumer applications since the 1950s. pfas are resistant to chemical and biological degradation and are ubiquitous in the environment, including in water, sediment, and biota in the laurentian great lakes. this critical review evaluates the spatial and temporal variability of commonly studied perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (pfsas) and perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (pfca ...201931347638
foraging for high caloric anthropogenic prey is energetically costly.several generalist species benefit from food provided by human activities. food from anthropogenic sources is often high in caloric value and can positively influence reproductive success or survival. however, this type of resource may require specific foraging skills and habitat experience with related costs and benefits. as a result, not all individuals utilize these resources equally, with some individuals preferentially foraging in habitats where natural resources of lower energy content are ...201931149339
correction to: winter home range and habitat selection differs among breeding populations of herring gulls in eastern north america.[this corrects the article doi: 10.1186/s40462-019-0152-x.].201931044077
winter home range and habitat selection differs among breeding populations of herring gulls in eastern north america.recognizing the factors influencing migratory individuals throughout their annual cycle is important for understanding the drivers of population dynamics. previous studies have found that herring gulls (larus argentatus) in the atlantic region have lower survival rates than those in the great lakes and the arctic. one possible explanation for divergent survival rates among these populations is differences in their non-breeding habitats.201930891245
interindividual variation in the cytochrome p4501a response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in herring gull embryo hepatocytes.exposure to dioxin-like compounds is consistently associated with concentration-dependent induction of cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a) enzymes in primary cultures of avian hepatocytes. we have previously demonstrated that the median effective concentration (ec50) for induction of this response is predictive of in vivo sensitivity to dioxin-like compounds in birds. we investigated sources of interindividual variation in the cyp1a response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) in wild herring gu ...201930615215
meteorological factors affecting the risk of transmission of hpai in miyazaki, japan.highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) outbreaks engender a severe economic impact on the poultry industry and public health. migratory waterfowl are considered the natural hosts of hpai virus, and hpai viruses are known to be transmitted over long distances during seasonal bird migration. bird migration is greatly affected by the weather. many studies have shown the relationship between either autumn or spring bird migration and climate. however, few studies have shown the relationship betwee ...201931565229
post mortem findings and their relation to aa amyloidosis in free-ranging herring gulls (larus argentatus).since the late 1990s, high mortality and declining populations have been reported among sea birds including herring gulls (larus argentatus) from the baltic sea area in northern europe. repeated bont type c/d botulism outbreaks have occurred, but it remains unclear whether this is the sole and primary cause of mortality. thiamine deficiency has also been suggested as a causal or contributing factor. with this study, we aimed to investigate gross and microscopic pathology in herring gulls from af ...201829494674
the influence of avian biovectors on mercury speciation in a bog ecosystem.methylmercury (mehg) is a neurotoxin and endocrine disruptor that bioaccumulates and biomagnifies through trophic levels, resulting in potentially hazardous concentrations. although wetlands are known hotspots for mercury (hg) methylation, the effects of avian biovectors on these processes are poorly understood. we examined hg speciation and distribution in shallow groundwater and surface water from a raised-bog with over 30years of avian biovector (herring gulls larus argentatus and great black ...201829751308
plastic and non-plastic debris ingestion in three gull species feeding in an urban landfill environment.plastic debris is recognized as a widespread, common and problematic environmental pollutant. an important consequence of this pollution is the ingestion of plastic debris by wildlife. assessing the degree to which different species ingest plastics, and the potential effects of these plastics on their health are important research needs for understanding the impacts of plastic pollution. we examined debris (plastic and other types) ingestion in three sympatric overwintering gull species (herring ...201829282493
effects of urbanization on the foraging ecology and microbiota of the generalist seabird larus argentatus.larus gull species have proven adaptable to urbanization and due to their generalist feeding behaviors, they provide useful opportunities to study how urban environments impact foraging behavior and host-associated microbiota. we evaluated how urbanization influenced the foraging behavior and microbiome characteristics of breeding herring gulls (larus argentatus) at three different colonies on the east coast of the united states. study colonies represented high, medium and low degrees of urbaniz ...201830562368
intercolony variations in movement patterns and foraging behaviors among herring gulls (larus argentatus) breeding in the eastern wadden sea.herring gulls (larus argentatus) are opportunistic predators that prefer to forage in the intertidal zone, but an increasing degree of terrestrial foraging has recently been observed. we therefore aimed to analyze the factors influencing foraging behavior and diet composition in the german wadden sea. gulls from three breeding colonies on islands at different distances from the mainland were equipped with gps data loggers during the incubation seasons in 2012-2015. logger data were analyzed for ...201830151168
decreasing δ13c and δ15n values in four coastal species at different trophic levels indicate a fundamental food-web shift in the southern north and baltic seas between 1988 and 2016.marine ecosystems are exposed to increasing human pressures and climatic change worldwide. it has therefore become essential to describe ecosystem statuses with respect to multinational protection schemes, often necessitating long-term monitoring programmes. changes in the food-web structure, which can be monitored via stable isotope measurements, represent an important descriptor of the status of marine ecosystems. we investigated long-term changes (29 years) in isotopic values (δ13c and δ15n) ...201829998431
legacy of legacies: chlorinated naphthalenes in lake trout, walleye, herring gull eggs and sediments from the laurentian great lakes indicate possible resuspension during contaminated sediment remediation.polychlorinated naphthalenes (pcns) are legacy contaminants, produced primarily as flame retardants and dielectrics until phased-out in europe and north america in the 1970s. spatial and temporal trends (1979-2013) of pcn concentrations were studied in whole fish and herring gull eggs throughout the great lakes and st. lawrence river, whereas sediments were analyzed for 2011-2013 only. for both fish and gull eggs, concentrations of pcns were highest in western lake erie (7660 & 3020pg/gww respec ...201829710642
spatial trends in a biomagnifying contaminant: application of amino acid compound-specific stable nitrogen isotope analysis to the interpretation of bird mercury levels.levels of biomagnifying contaminants are greatest in high-trophic level biota (e.g., predatory birds such as gulls). gull eggs have been used to assess contaminant spatial patterns and sources, but such assessments must consider how organism trophic position may influence spatial inferences. stable nitrogen isotopes (δ15 n) in bulk tissue are routinely used in this context. however, bulk δ15 n values are only useful if spatial differences in baseline δ15 n values are considered. amino acid compo ...201829446488
temporal trends in a biomagnifying contaminant: application of amino acid compound-specific stable nitrogen isotope analysis to the interpretation of bird mercury levels.temporal trends in levels of biomagnifying contaminants, such as mercury (hg), in top predators can provide insights into changes in contaminant bioavailability through time. however, interpreting contaminant temporal trends in predators can be confounded by temporal changes in their diets, which, in turn, could affect organism trophic position and exposure to biomagnifying contaminants. to address this issue, bulk stable nitrogen isotope analysis, that is, analysis of whole tissue, is widely in ...201829341238
substituted diphenylamine antioxidants and benzotriazole uv stabilizers in aquatic organisms in the great lakes of north america: terrestrial exposure and biodilution.substituted diphenylamine antioxidants (sdpas) and benzotriazole uv stabilizers (bzt-uvs) are industrial additives of emerging environmental concern. however, the bioaccumulation, biomagnification, and spatial distribution of these contaminants in the great lakes of north america are unknown. the present study addresses these knowledge gaps by reporting sdpas and bzt-uvs in herring gull (larus argentatus) eggs, lake trout (salvelinus namaycush), and their food web in the great lakes for the firs ...201829286648
in vitro and in silico competitive binding of brominated polyphenyl ether contaminants with human and gull thyroid hormone transport proteins.tetradecabromo-1,4-diphenoxybenzene (tedb-diphobz) is a highly brominated additive flame retardant (fr). debrominated photodegradates of tedb-diphobz are hydroxylated in vitro in liver microsomal assays based on herring gulls (larus argentatus), including one metabolite identified as 4″-oh-2,2',2″,4-tetrabromo-diphobz. chemically related methoxylated tetra- to hexabromo-diphobzs are known contaminants in herring gulls. collectively, nothing is currently known about biological effects of these po ...201829283575
microbiome and antimicrobial resistance genes in microbiota of cloacal samples from european herring gulls (larus argentatus).the aim of the study was to determine microbiota in the cloacal samples of european herring gulls (larus argentatus) and to compare a variety of genes encoding antimicrobial resistance in cultivable and non-cultivable bacteria.201729978052
[hematology and blood chemistry of the herring gull larus argentatus infested by cestodes diphyllobothrium dendriticum (cestoda: diphyllobothriidae)].hematological and plasma biochemical analyses and parasitological detection were carried out in the herring gull larus argentatus. hematological and plasma biochemical parameters in uninfected gulls and gulls infected by diphyllobothrium dendriticum (cestoda: diphyllobothriidae) were compared. hemoglobin content and numbers of erythrocytes were reduced; numbers of leukocytes and sorption capacity of erythrocytes were improved in blood of the infected herring gulls. hematological index (eosinophi ...201729211426
lead levels in exposed herring gulls: differences in the field and laboratory.we compared blood lead levels for herring gull (larus argentatus) chicks exposed at two days of age in the field and the laboratory. one randomly selected chick in each family of three was injected with lead, the second with a sterile saline solution, and the third was not injected. field birds were then completely free-living, and were entirely cared for by their parents. blood was drawn at 35 or 45 days of age for comparison with laboratory-reared chicks. in both the laboratory and the field, ...20179200787
mercury in feathers and blood of gulls from the southern baltic coast, poland.gulls were assessed as sentinels of contamination in the coastal zone of the southern baltic, research material being obtained from dead birds collected on polish beaches and near fishing ports in 2009-2012. in feathers and blood of four gull species: herring gull (larus argentatus), common gull (larus canus), black-headed gull (chroicocephalus ridibundus), and great black-backed gull (larus marinus), concentration of total mercury (hgt) was assayed, taking into account the type of feathers, sex ...201728344366
oxygen isotope fractionation between bird bone phosphate and drinking water.oxygen isotope compositions of bone phosphate (δ(18)op) were measured in broiler chickens reared in 21 farms worldwide characterized by contrasted latitudes and local climates. these sedentary birds were raised during an approximately 3 to 4-month period, and local precipitation was the ultimate source of their drinking water. this sampling strategy allowed the relationship to be determined between the bone phosphate δ(18)op values (from 9.8 to 22.5‰ v-smow) and the local rainfall δ(18)ow values ...201728534252
seasonal changes in the preen wax composition of the herring gull larus argentatus.the preen gland produces oily secretion, which smeared onto a bird's plumage improves its maintenance. the main components of the secretion are waxes, and its composition often changes during the year. the aim of this study was to determine the differences in the chemical composition of preen waxes in adult herring gulls larus argentatus, captured in poland in winter and in the breeding season. preen gland secretions of herring gulls consist of monoester waxes, composed of about 29 saturated c7- ...201728804215
volatile methylsiloxanes and organophosphate esters in the eggs of european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) and congeneric gull species from locations across canada.volatile methylsiloxanes (vmss) and organophosphate esters (opes) are two suites of chemicals that are of environmental concern as organic contaminants, but little is known about the exposure of wildlife to these contaminants, particularly in birds, in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. the present study investigates the spatial distributions of nine cyclic and linear vmss and 17 opes in the eggs of european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) and three congeneric gull species (i.e., herring gull (lar ...201728771368
the most common diet results in low reproduction in a generalist seabird.dietary specialization has been described across a wide range of taxa in the animal kingdom. fitness consequences are, however, not well documented. we examined the reproductive consequences of different dietary specializations in the herring gull larus argentatus, an omnivorous seabird, using an extensive dataset which includes breeding and dietary data of 10 successive years. we hypothesized that pairs that focused on prey of higher energetic value would yield higher fledging rates. an alterna ...201728690792
detection of wellfleet bay virus antibodies in sea birds of the northeastern united states.wellfleet bay virus (wfbv) is a recently described orthomyxovirus isolated from the tissues of common eiders (somateria mollissima) collected during recurrent mortality events on cape cod, massachusetts, usa. coastal massachusetts is the only location where disease or mortality associated with this virus has been detected in wild birds, and a previous seroprevalence study found a significantly higher frequency of viral exposure in eiders from this location than from other areas sampled in north ...201728640712
human hair, baltic grey seal (halichoerus grypus) fur and herring gull (larus argentatus) feathers as accumulators of bisphenol a and alkylphenols.the purpose of the study was to determine the concentration of bisphenol a (bpa), 4-tert-octylphenol (op), and 4-nonylphenol (np), in human hair, the fur of baltic grey seals and the feathers of herring gulls. hair was collected from 42 volunteers, while grey seal fur (n = 17) came from the seal centre in hel (marine station of institute of oceanography, university of gdansk) and gull covert feathers (n = 26) were collected from dead herring gulls along the southern baltic coast. assays of pheno ...201728451711
flexibility of habitat use in novel environments: insights from a translocation experiment with lesser black-backed gulls.being faced with unknown environments is a concomitant challenge of species' range expansions. strategies to cope with this challenge include the adaptation to local conditions and a flexibility in resource exploitation. the gulls of the larus argentatus-fuscus-cachinnans group form a system in which ecological flexibility might have enabled them to expand their range considerably, and to colonize urban environments. however, on a population level both flexibility and local adaptation lead to si ...201728280543
inhalation - route of edc exposure in seabirds (larus argentatus) from the southern baltic.despite the presence of endocrine disrupting mercury, pahs, alkylphenols and bisphenol a in inhaled air, scientific literature lacks information on their penetration into the lungs. large lung capacity in birds makes this route of penetration more significant than in other animals. the studies were conducted on lungs of herring gulls found in the gulf of gdansk area. the results were juxtaposed with other tissues, including the intestines, which reflect the main, alimentary penetration route of ...201728159334
mercury levels in herring gulls and fish: 42 years of spatio-temporal trends in the great lakes.total mercury levels in aquatic birds and fish communities have been monitored across the canadian great lakes by environment and climate change canada (eccc) for the past 42 years (1974-2015). these data (22 sites) were used to examine spatio-temporal variability of mercury levels in herring gull (larus argentatus) eggs, lake trout (salvelinus namaycush), walleye (sander vitreus), and rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax). trends were quantified with dynamic linear models, which provided time-variant ...201728092768
miniaturization of a transthyretin binding assay using a fluorescent probe for high throughput screening of thyroid hormone disruption in environmental samples.thyroid hormone (th) disrupting compounds are potentially important environmental contaminants due to their possible adverse neurological and developmental effects on both humans and wildlife. currently, the most successful bio-analytical method to detect and evaluate th disruptors, which target the plasma transport of th in environmental samples, is the radio-ligand thyroxine-transthyretin (t4-ttr) binding assay. yet, costly materials and tedious handling procedures prevent the use of this assa ...201728063299
chlorinated herbicides in fish, birds and mammals in the baltic sea.the aim of the present work was to determine the concentration levels, as well as accumulation and magnification coefficients, of triazine derivatives in herring gulls and baltic grey seals 11 years after a ban on their use in the eu and eight after their exclusion in poland. dead birds were collected in the coastal zone of the gulf of gdansk in the years 2010-2012. the grey seals, on the other hand, were from before 2007, when s-triazine derivatives were still in use. triazine herbicides (atraz ...201726246644
contaminants of emerging concern in caspian tern compared to herring gull eggs from michigan colonies in the great lakes of north america.a broad suite of 87 contaminants of emerging concern (cecs), including 26 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes), 23 non-pbdes halogenated frs (nphfrs), 16 organophosphate esters (opes), 4 perfluorinated sulfonates (pfsas), 13 perfluorinated carboxylic acids (pfcas) and 5 emerging perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas) or precursors, were determined in 30 individual caspian tern (listed as a threatened species in the u.s. state of michigan) eggs collected in 2013 and 2014 from michigan nesting sites on tw ...201728089466
the peculiarities of the helminth fauna of herring gulls of the synanthropic murmansk population. 201622134819
[study of protein metabolism of herring gulls (larus argentatus pontop.) infected by trematode himasthla larina (trematoda: echinostomatidae)].the values and dynamics of some indices of protein metabolism were studied in herring gulls larus argentatus infected with trematode himasthla larina in natural populations and in experiment. these indices were compared in infected and uninfected birds. trematode infection considerably affected host protein metabolism irrespective of the age; however, the changes were more pronounced in nestlings. increased concentration of gamma-globulins, modified albumin, and circulating immune complexes was ...201618038623
environmentally relevant organophosphate triesters in herring gulls: in vitro biotransformation and kinetics and diester metabolite formation using a hepatic microsomal assay.the in vitro biotransformation and kinetics of six organophosphate triester (ope) flame retardants were investigated in herring gulls (larus argentatus) from the great lakes using a hepatic microsomal metabolism assay. administration of each individual ope (tri-n-butyl phosphate (tnbp), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (tboep), triphenyl phosphate (tphp), triethyl phosphate (tep), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (tdcipp) and tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (tcipp)) to the in vitro assay (co ...201627523639
organochlorine contaminants in the muscle, liver and brain of seabirds (larus) from the coastal area of the southern baltic.the presence of persistent organic pollutants in the environment manifests itself most strongly in the marine trophic chain, where the highest link is comprised of seabirds. at the same time, seabirds are excellent indicators of contamination in their habitat. the present study concentrates on toxic substances: polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (pcdds), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdfs) and chlorinated organic pesticides (ocps) accumulated in the livers, pectoral muscles and brains of dead gu ...201627414257
in vitro metabolism of photolytic breakdown products of tetradecabromo-1,4-diphenoxybenzene flame retardant in herring gull and rat liver microsomal assays.tetradecabromo-1,4-diphenoxybenzene (tedb-diphobz) is used as a flame retardant chemical and has been hypothesized to be the precursor of methoxylated polybrominated diphenoxybenzene (meo-pb-diphobz) contaminants reported in herring gulls from sites across the laurentian great lakes. here, by irradiating the parent tedb-diphobz (solution 1) with natural sunlight or uv, we prepared three solutions where solution 2 was dominated by the br8-11-pb-diphobzs, along with br5-8-pb-diphobzs (solution 3) ...201627351066
premature feather loss among common tern chicks in ontario: the return of an enigmatic developmental anomaly.in july 2014, we observed premature feather loss (pfl) among non-sibling, common tern sterna hirundo chicks between two and four weeks of age at gull island in northern lake ontario, canada. rarely observed in wild birds, to our knowledge pfl has not been recorded in terns since 1974, despite the subsequent banding of hundreds of thousands of tern chicks across north america alone. the prevalence, 5% of chicks (9/167), and extent of feather loss we report is more extreme than in previous reports ...201627231646
spatio-temporal trends and monitoring design of perfluoroalkyl acids in the eggs of gull (larid) species from across canada and parts of the united states.a large spatial dataset of perfluoroalkyl acid (pfaa) concentrations in eggs of herring gulls (larus argentatus or congeneric species) collected from late april to early june between 2009 and 2014 from 28 colonies across canada and parts of the unites states was used to evaluate location-specific patterns in chemical concentrations and to generate hypotheses on the major sources affecting pfaa distributions. the highly bioaccumulative perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (pfos) as well as other perfluo ...201627183458
gps tracking data of lesser black-backed gulls and herring gulls breeding at the southern north sea coast.in this data paper, bird tracking - gps tracking of lesser black-backed gulls and herring gulls breeding at the southern north sea coast is described, a species occurrence dataset published by the research institute for nature and forest (inbo). the dataset (version 5.5) contains close to 2.5 million occurrences, recorded by 101 gps trackers mounted on 75 lesser black-backed gulls and 26 herring gulls breeding at the belgian and dutch coast. the trackers were developed by the university of amste ...201626877689
new data on bird helminths in mongolia.for the first time the data on helminths in piscivorous birds (the great cormorant and the mongolian gull) in mongolia were obtained. surveys yielded 11 species (cestoda--2, trematoda--6, nematoda--3). the cormorant hosted 5 helminth species, the herring gull--6 species.201626827489
developmental toxicity of pfos and pfoa in great cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis), herring gull (larus argentatus) and chicken (gallus gallus domesticus).perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas) are found globally in environmental samples and have been studied in various species. in this study, we compare the sensitivity of three avian species to the toxic effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) and perfluorooctanoate (pfoa). eggs of great cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis), herring gull (larus argentatus) and the domestic white leghorn chicken (gallus gallus domesticus) were exposed in ovo by injection into the air sac. effects on embryo survival ...201626895726
amino acid specific stable nitrogen isotope values in avian tissues: insights from captive american kestrels and wild herring gulls.through laboratory and field studies, the utility of amino acid compound-specific nitrogen isotope analysis (aa-csia) in avian studies is investigated. captive american kestrels (falco sparverius) were fed an isotopically characterized diet and patterns in δ(15)n values of amino acids (aas) were compared to those in their tissues (muscle and red blood cells) and food. based upon nitrogen isotope discrimination between diet and kestrel tissues, aas could mostly be categorized as source aas (retai ...201627786442
species differences in total mercury concentration in gulls from the gulf of gdansk (southern baltic).aquatic birds occupy a high position in the trophic pyramid of the baltic sea. this means that they accumulate the greatest amount of harmful substances, including mercury, in their bodies. this element penetrates into their systems mainly via the alimentary canal. the amount of mercury absorbed from food depends on how badly the environment is polluted with this metal. the aim of this study was to discover the concentrations of total mercury (hgt) in the contour feathers, muscles, brain, lungs, ...201626653750
[the taxonomy of the baku virus (bakv; reoviridae, orbivirus) isolated from the birds obligate parasites argasidae ticks in azerbaijan, turkmenistan, and uzbekistan].the baku virus (bakv) was originally isolated from the ticks ornithodoros capensis neumann, 1901 (acari: argasidae) collected from the seagull (larus argentatus) seating nests on the islands of the baku archipelago, the caspian sea. bakv was assigned to kemerovo group (kemv) (orbivirus, reoviridae). the bakv was frequently isolated from the ticks o. coniceps canestrini, 1980, collected from l. argentatus and tern (sterna hirundo) nests in turkmenia and pigeon (columba livia neglecta) nests in uz ...201624772642
the role of prezygotic isolation mechanisms in the divergence of two parasite species.the formation of reproductive barriers in diverging lineages is a prerequisite to complete speciation according to the biological species concept. in parasites with complex life cycles, speciation may be driven by adaptation to different intermediate hosts, yet diverging lineages can still share the same definitive host where reproduction takes place. in these cases, prezygotic isolation mechanisms should evolve very early and be particularly strong, preventing costly unfavourable matings. in th ...201627829374
retrospective analysis of organophosphate flame retardants in herring gull eggs and relation to the aquatic food web in the laurentian great lakes of north america.with the phase-out and regulation of some flame retardant chemicals, the production and usage of organophosphate triester flame retardants (opfrs) has increased in recent years. in the present study, 14 opfrs (either chlorinated, brominated or non-halogenated) were analyzed in egg pools of 10-13 individual herring gull eggs from five colonial nesting sites for 11 years spanning 1990-2010, (for a total of n=55 egg pools) in the laurentian great lakes of north america (chantry island, fighting isl ...201627322497
increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant e. coli in gulls sampled in southcentral alaska is associated with urban environments.antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose challenges to healthcare delivery systems globally; however, limited information is available regarding the prevalence and spread of such bacteria in the environment. the aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in large-bodied gulls (larus spp.) at urban and remote locations in southcentral alaska to gain inference into the association between antibiotic resistance in wildlife and anthropogenically influenced habitats.201627649798
detection of the mcr-1 gene in escherichia coli prevalent in the migratory bird species larus argentatus. 201627330066
diphyllobothrium dendriticum (cestoda: diphyllobothriidae) in the intestinal tract of the herring gull larus argentatus: localization and trophic parameters.we studied the activities both of digestive enzymes in the small intestine of the herring gull (larus argentatus) and a tapeworm diphyllobothrium dendriticum (cestoda: diphyllobothriidae) residing in the intestine. it was found that d. dendriticum infects the medial section of the small intestine of the herring gull. such localization of d. dendriticum is caused by the maximal activity of proteases and glycosidases and by the high rate of membrane and cavitary digestion in this section. the acti ...201630251791
antimicrobial resistance in wildlife: implications for public health.the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant (amr) bacteria in natural environments is a major concern with serious implications for human and animal health. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of amr escherichia coli (e. coli) in wild birds and mammalian species. thirty faecal samples were collected from each of the following wildlife species: herring gulls (larus argentatus), black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus), lesser black-back gulls (larus fuscus), hybrid deer spe ...201525639901
variations in the in vitro production of corticosteroids by the herring gull (larus argentatus) adrenal glands. 20154699361
chlamydiaceae in north atlantic seabirds admitted to a wildlife rescue center in western france.birds are the primary hosts of chlamydia psittaci, a bacterium that can cause avian chlamydiosis in birds and psittacosis in humans. wild seabirds are frequently admitted to wildlife rescue centers (wrc) at european atlantic coasts, for example, in connection with oil spills. to investigate the extent of chlamydial shedding by these birds and the resulting risk for animals in care and the medical staff, seabirds from a french wrc were sampled from may 2011 to january 2014. by use of a quantitati ...201525934619
relationships in the parasite-host system as exemplified by the diphyllobothrium dendriticum (cestoda: diphyllobothriidae)-herring gull larus argentatus. 201526335966
metal levels in eggs of waterbirds in the new york harbor (usa): trophic relationships and possible risk to human consumers.health professionals are interested in evaluating the risks that heavy metals pose to eco-receptors and humans. the objective of this study was to examine levels of mercury (hg), lead (pb), cadmium (cd), and other contaminants in waterbirds nesting in the new york harbor in 2012 to determine (1) whether there were species and locational differences, and (2) whether consumption of eggs posed a health risk to predators or humans. for arsenic (as), pb, hg, and selenium (se), species contributed mor ...201525424617
biochemical and transcriptomic effects of herring gull egg extracts from variably contaminated colonies of the laurentian great lakes in chicken hepatocytes.determining the effects of complex mixtures of environmental contaminants poses many challenges within the field of ecotoxicology. in this study, graded concentrations of herring gull egg extracts, collected from five great lakes breeding colonies with variable burdens of organohalogen contaminants (ohcs), were administered to chicken embryonic hepatocytes to determine effects on 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) activity, porphyrin accumulation, and mrna expression. erod activity and porphy ...201526192021
characterization of ahr agonists reveals antagonistic activity in european herring gull (larus argentatus) eggs.european herring gull (larus argentatus) eggs from two norwegian islands, musvær in the south east and reiaren in northern norway, were screened for dioxins, furans, and dioxin-like and selected non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), and subjected to non-target analysis to try to identify the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) agonists, responsible for elevated levels measured using the dioxin responsive chemically activated luciferase expression (dr-calux) assay. eggs from musvær contai ...201525666281
feathers as a source of rna for genomic studies in avian species.dioxins and dioxin-like chemicals (dlcs) cause a suite of adverse effects in terrestrial species. most of the adverse effects occur subsequent to binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. avian species vary in their sensitivity to the effects of dlcs and current research indicates that this is mediated by variations in the amino acid sequence within the ligand binding domain (lbd) of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor 1 (ahr1). eighty-eight avian species have been classified into three broad categori ...201525253643
a broad cocktail of environmental pollutants found in eggs of three seabird species from remote colonies in norway.eggs of 3 seabird species, common eider (somateria mollisima), european shag (phalacrocorax aristotelis aristotelis), and european herring gull (larus argentatus), were surveyed for a broad range of legacy and emerging pollutants to assess chemical mixture exposure profiles of seabirds from the norwegian marine environment. in total, 201 chemical substances were targeted for analysis ranging from metals, organotin compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb ...201525728907
spatial and temporal comparisons of legacy and emerging flame retardants in herring gull eggs from colonies spanning the laurentian great lakes of canada and united states.in the laurentian great lakes basin of north america, an increasing number of chemicals of emerging concern (cecs) are being investigated, including legacy and replacement flame retardants (frs). in the present study, 14 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes), 23 non-pbdes halogenated frs (nphfrs) and 16 organophosphate ester frs (ope-frs) were analyzed in 100 individual eggs collected in 2012 and 2013 and in 15 egg pools of herring gulls collected in 2012 from 20 colonies across the entire laur ...201526406977
perfluorinated sulfonate and carboxylate compounds and precursors in herring gull eggs from across the laurentian great lakes of north america: temporal and recent spatial comparisons and exposure implications.chemicals of emerging concern (cecs) in the basin of the laurentian great lakes of north america include per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (pfass) classified as perfluoroalkyl acids. we investigated several pfass, and specifically 13 c4-c16 perfluorinated carboxylic acids (pfcas), 4 (c4, c6, c8 and c10) perfluorinated sulfonates (pfsas), perfluoro-4-ethylcyclohexane sulfonate (pfetchxs) and selected precursors (e.g. perfluorobutane sulfonamide and perfluorooctane sulfonamide) in herring gull ...201526318684
the use of monitoring data in eu chemicals management--experiences and considerations from the german environmental specimen bank.since the 1970s, environmental specimen banks (esb) have emerged in many countries. their highly standardised sampling and archiving strategies make them a valuable tool in tracing time trends and spatial distributions of chemicals in ecosystem compartments. the present article intends to highlight the potential of esbs for regulatory agencies in the european union (eu). the arguments are supported by examples of retrospective monitoring studies conducted under the programme of the german esb. t ...201524770983
[lithium transport in kidney of the gull larus argentatus: induction of the li+ renal netto- secretion by nacl loading ]. 201514520902
the influence of fasting on blood and plasma composition of herring gulls (larus argentatus).populations of scavenging seabird species in the north sea may fluctuate with an artificial food source: the availability of fishery waste. to document this impact, it is necessary to assess the birds' nutritional status during periods with decreased fishing activity. reference data for this purpose was collected from 22 herring gulls investigated during laboratory fasting. after 6 d of food deprivation and body mass losses exceeding 15%, the first birds entered starvation phase 3. comparatively ...201510438680
a transactional analysis of changes in parent and chick behaviour prior to separation of herring gulls (larus argentatus): a three-term contingency model.the effect of the passage of time on parent-offspring behaviour of urban herring gulls (larus argentatus) was studied and analysed using a three-term contingency model. a behavioural sequence was initiated by the arrival of a parental adult gull, which would lead to feeding in the chick. however, with the passage of time, and approach of the separation period, this pattern changed. chicks' begging became more intense, and parent gulls more often withheld food. however, the chicks' begging became ...201526003136
avian bornaviruses in north american gulls.avian bornaviruses, recently described members of the family bornaviridae, have been isolated from captive parrots and passerines as well as wild waterfowl in which they may cause lethal neurologic disease. we report detection of avian bornavirus rna in the brains of apparently healthy gulls. we tested 439 gull brain samples from 18 states, primarily in the northeastern us, using a reverse-transcriptase pcr assay with primers designed to detect a conserved region of the bornavirus m gene. nine b ...201525973630
mercury in the eggs of aquatic birds from the gulf of gdansk and wloclawek dam (poland).the aim of this paper was to assess the influence of diet on the concentrations of total mercury (hgtot) in the eggs of aquatic birds. trophic level was determined using stable isotopes (δ(15)n, δ(13)c). analysis was carried out on eggs (laid in 2010-2012) belonging to two species of terns nesting at the river vistula outlet on the gulf of gdansk and on herring gulls nesting both in gdynia harbour and on the vistula dam in wloclawek. the results show that seafood diet causes the highest load of ...201525649391
contaminant levels in herring (larus argentatus) and great black-backed gull (larus marinus) eggs from colonies in the new york harbor complex between 2012 and 2013.birds living in coastal areas are exposed to severe storms and tidal flooding during the nesting season, but also to contaminants that move up the food chain from the water column and sediment to their prey items. we examine metals in herring gull (larus argentatus) and great black-backed gull (larus marinus) eggs collected from the new york/new jersey harbor estuary in 2012 and in 2013 to determine if there were significant yearly differences in metal levels. we test the null hypothesis that th ...201525471353
methodology and determination of tetradecabromo-1, 4-diphenoxybenzene flame retardant and breakdown by-products in sediments from the laurentian great lakes.tetradecabromo-1,4-diphenoxybenzene (tedb-diphobz) is a brominated polyphenyl ether flame retardant (fr) that is known to photolytically degrade to produce lower brominated polybrominated-diphenoxybenzenes (pb-diphobzs), which may be precursors to meo-pb-diphobzs recently reported in the great lakes herring gulls eggs. to our knowledge, there are no reports on tedb-diphobz or other pb-diphobz by-products in any environmental sample. the present study analyzed for the presence of pb-diphobzs (inc ...201525463260
comparative body compartment composition and in ovo transfer of organophosphate flame retardants in north american great lakes herring gulls.although recent usage of organophosphate (op) flame retardants has increased substantially, very few studies have reported on ops in biota including wildlife, and essentially there is no information on op body compartment composition and in ovo or in utero transfer for any given wildlife species. concentrations and patterns of 16 op triesters were presently screened for and/or determined in six body compartments from female herring gulls (larus argentatus; n=8) and the separate egg yolk and albu ...201424905208
haldane's rule revisited: do hybrid females have a shorter lifespan? survival of hybrids in a recent contact zone between two large gull species.haldane's rule predicts that particularly high fitness reduction should affect the heterogametic sex of interspecific hybrids. despite the fact that hybridization is widespread in birds, survival of hybrid individuals is rarely addressed in studies of avian hybrid zones, possibly because of methodological constraints. here, having applied capture-mark-recapture models to an extensive, 19-year-long data set on individually marked birds, we estimate annual survival rates of hybrid individuals in t ...201424820228
effects of contaminant exposure and food restriction on hepatic autophagic lysosomal parameters in herring gull (larus argentatus) chicks.lysosomal autophagic responses, such as lysosomal membrane stability, neutral lipids (nl), lipofuscin (lf), and malondialdehyde (mda) levels, are valuable measures of cellular early-onset effects induced by environmental stress factors, such as contaminant exposure and fasting. in this study, these parameters were analysed and related to levels of halogenated organic contaminants (hocs) in 40 herring gull (larus argentatus) chicks. chicks were experimentally exposed to hocs through diet and went ...201424787519
aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists in european herring gull (larus argentatus) eggs from norway.herring gull eggs from two locations in norway, an island situated in the north (musvær, 69.88° n, 18.55° e) and an island in the southeast (reiaren, 59.15° n, 10.46° e) of the country, were analyzed for the presence of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) agonists. ahr agonist activity was determined using the dioxin-responsive chemically activated luciferase expression (dr-calux) assay to calculate the toxic equivalent quotient (teq)calux. teqcalux ranged from 16 to 401 pg teq/g lipid in the sample ...201424754391
contaminant exposure of birds nesting in green bay, wisconsin, usa.in earlier studies, elevated concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (dde) were reported in double-crested cormorant (phalacrocorax auritus) eggs and tree swallow (tachycineta bicolor) eggs and nestlings collected from lower green bay (wi, usa) in 1994 and 1995 and black-crowned night-heron (nycticorax nycticorax) eggs collected in 1991. comparable samples collected in 2010 and 2011 indicated that concentrations of pcbs were 35%, 62%, 70%, and 8 ...201424733712
bioamplification as a bioaccumulation mechanism for persistent organic pollutants (pops) in wildlife.persistent organic pollutant bioaccumulation models have generally been formulated to predict bioconcentration and biomagnification. a third bioaccumulation process that can mediate chemical fugacity in an organism is bioamplification.bioamplification occurs when an organism loses body weight and the chemical partitioning capacity occurs at a rate that is faster than the chemical can be eliminated.although bioamplification has not been widely recognized as a bioaccumulation process, the potentia ...201424158581
extensive mitochondrial introgression in north american great black-backed gulls (larus marinus) from the american herring gull (larus smithsonianus) with little nuclear dna impact.recent genetic studies have shown that introgression rates among loci may greatly vary according to their location in the genome. in particular, several cases of mito-nuclear discordances have been reported for a wide range of organisms. in the present study, we examine the causes of discordance between mitochondrial (mtdna) and nuclear dna introgression detected in north american populations of the great black-backed gull (larus marinus), a holarctic species, from the nearctic north american he ...201424105440
use of an avian hepatocyte assay and the avian toxchip polymerse chain reaction array for testing prioritization of 16 organic flame retardants.risk assessors are challenged with the task of providing data for an increasing number of priority chemicals. high-throughput toxicity screening methods--which permit rapid determination of toxic, molecular, and/or biochemical effects of a wide range of chemicals--are essential to help meet this demand. the avian embryonic hepatocyte in vitro screening method has been utilized in the authors' laboratory to assess the effects of a wide range of environmental contaminants on cytotoxicity and mrna ...201424273086
liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of organophosphate diesters in biotic samples including great lakes herring gull plasma.environmentally relevant organophosphate (op) triester flame retardants are known to degrade to op diester phosphoric acids. in this study, a quantitatively sensitive method was developed for op diesters in biological samples of varying complexity, bovine serum, chicken egg homogenate and pork liver. fortified with 1ng or 10ng each of the six op diester and six op triester standards, samples were extracted by accelerated solvent extraction that completely separated op diesters and triesters. op ...201425476687
circulation of a meaban-like virus in yellow-legged gulls and seabird ticks in the western mediterranean basin.in recent years, a number of zoonotic flaviviruses have emerged worldwide, and wild birds serve as their major reservoirs. epidemiological surveys of bird populations at various geographical scales can clarify key aspects of the eco-epidemiology of these viruses. in this study, we aimed at exploring the presence of flaviviruses in the western mediterranean by sampling breeding populations of the yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis), a widely distributed, anthropophilic, and abundant seabird sp ...201424625959
antimicrobial resistant bacteria in wild mammals and birds: a coincidence or cause for concern?the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (amr) is a growing concern to public and animal health. the contribution attributable to wildlife remains unclear. in this study two unrelated wildlife species herring gulls (larus argentatus) and a hybrid deer (cervus elaphus x cervus nippon) were investigated for the presence of escherichia coli expressing an amr phenotype.201424795805
genetic compatibilities, outcrossing rates and fitness consequences across life stages of the trematode diplostomum pseudospathaceum.many parasitic helminths exhibit mixed mating systems, and switches between self-fertilization and outcrossing may be influenced by environmental conditions and parasite demography. while inbreeding depression selects against the development of purely self-fertilizing populations, genetic compatibility may contribute to stabilizing mixed strategies. here we study the effects of inbreeding and genetic compatibility on offspring fitness in the digenean trematode diplostomum pseudospathaceum, a par ...201323416153
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