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acute tetraplegia caused by rat bite fever in snake keeper and transmission of streptobacillus moniliformis.we report acute tetraplegia caused by rat bite fever in a 59-year old man (snake keeper) and transmission of streptobacillus moniliformis. we found an identical characteristic bacterial pattern in rat and human samples, which validated genotyping-based evidence for infection with the same strain, and identified diagnostic difficulties concerning infection with this microorganism.201728322713
surgical management of multijoint septic arthritis due to rat-bite fever in a pediatric patient: a case study.in the united states, rat-bite fever is a rare systemic illness principally caused by streptobacillus moniliformis, an organism found in the nasopharyngeal flora of rodents. infection through direct exposure to rat excreta such as saliva, urine, or feces can lead to fever, rash, and an asymmetric migratory polyarthritis. as rodents are becoming more popular as pets, more pediatric cases are being documented. we report a pediatric case of delayed onset septic arthritis in the left wrist and right ...201728255484
[streptobacillus moniliformis: in vivo and in vitro differences]. 201728803461
streptobacillus moniliformis bacteremia in a pet shop employee: case report and literature review.a 39-year-old pet shop employee who sustained a bite from one of his store's rats developed fever and arthritis. streptobacillus moniliformis was cultured from the patient's blood, confirming a diagnosis of rat-bite fever. treatment with standard antibiotics was successful. although rat-bite fever is commonly considered a zoonosis transmitted by wild or laboratory rats, our case emphasizes that it may be transmitted by pet animals as well.201728730157
a bacterial abc transporter enables import of mammalian host glycosaminoglycans.glycosaminoglycans (gags), such as hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate, and heparin, constitute mammalian extracellular matrices. the uronate and amino sugar residues in hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate are linked by 1,3-glycoside bond, while heparin contains 1,4-glycoside bond. some bacteria target gags as means of establishing colonization and/or infection, and bacterial degradation mechanisms of gags have been well characterized. however, little is known about the bacterial import of gags. here ...201728432302
a spinal epidural abscess due to streptobacillus moniliformis infection following a rat bite: case report.the authors describe the case of a 40-year-old man suffering from an epidural abscess in the thoracic spine due to a rarely isolated pathogen, streptobacillus moniliformis, the causative agent of rat bite fever. besides diffuse abdominal pain, ataxia, paresthesia, hypesthesia, and enhanced reflexes of the lower extremities, the patient suffered from a decreased sensation of bladder filling. his history was also positive for a rat bite 6 weeks earlier. magnetic resonance imaging showed an epidura ...201728430048
rat-bite fever complicated by vertebral osteomyelitis: a case report.rat-bite fever (rbf) is a challenging diagnosis transmitted by the bite of the rats. we present the first reported case of rbf complicated by vertebral osteomyelitis. it is important to consider performing the mri to differentiate vertebral osteomyelitis from simple back pain to determine the appropriate duration of antibiotic therapy.201626948832
a case of rat bite fever caused by streptobacillus moniliformis.we report a case of rat bite fever (rbf) diagnosed by detection of streptobacillus moniliformis from blood culture and synovial fluid. the patient was a 45-year-old man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. he was bitten on his third finger by a rat, which was caught in a mousetrap installed in his house. after the bite, fever, rash and arthralgia developed over a period of about two weeks. the patient was admitted to our hospital and treated with combination of ampicillin- sulbactam (sam), vancomycin ...201628003596
rat bite fever: a case report and review of the literature.cases of rat-bite fever (rbf) were reported in the literature for more than 2000 years. not until recently, however, were attempts made to differentiate between rbf and streptobacillus moniliformis septic arthritis, 2 arguably different clinical entities. there are limited data regarding s moniliformis septic arthritis and the features that distinguish it from rbf, and most conclude that although clinically disparate diseases, it is difficult to differentiate between them. we report a case of a ...201628002119
phylogenetic and comparative genomics of the family leptotrichiaceae and introduction of a novel fingerprinting mlva for streptobacillus moniliformis.the leptotrichiaceae are a family of fairly unnoticed bacteria containing both microbiota on mucous membranes as well as significant pathogens such as streptobacillus moniliformis, the causative organism of streptobacillary rat bite fever. comprehensive genomic studies in members of this family have so far not been carried out. we aimed to analyze 47 genomes from 20 different member species to illuminate phylogenetic aspects, as well as genomic and discriminatory properties.201627809782
a case of streptobacillus moniliformis infection with cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis.a 71-year-old man presented with a high fever, polyarthralgia, petechiae and palpable purpura accompanied by livedoid change on his legs and feet. histopathological findings of the purpura revealed perivascular infiltration of neutrophils, mononuclear cells, and nuclear debris, and extravasation of red cells mainly in the upper dermis: all signs consistent with leukocytoclastic vasculitis. small vessel thrombi, which are characteristic features of septic vasculopathy, were also observed. direct ...201627777430
isolation and identification of caviibacter abscessus from cervical abscesses in a series of pet guinea pigs (cavia porcellus).an organism reported in the early literature to be a rare cause of cervical lymphadenitis in guinea pigs, streptobacillus moniliformis, has been reclassified as caviibacter abscessus we describe a series of sequential cases of abscesses in guinea pigs that were presented to our clinic from which the only agent isolated was a unique, serum-requiring bacterium. discrete colonies were not detected in 6.5% co2 or anaerobically on routine primary isolation media containing up to 5% whole sheep blood, ...201627698164
a teenager with sacroileitis, rash and fever caused by streptobacillus moniliformis bacteremia.we report a rare case of sacroileitis in a teenager resulting from streptobacillus moniliformis bacteremia, identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight. we discuss the challenges of making this diagnosis and review the literature on rat bite fever.201627626921
streptobacillus moniliformis endocarditis: an unusual case of pulmonary valve erosion resulting in free pulmonary regurgitation and aneurysm.endocarditis is a consideration in the differential diagnosis when masses are seen on echocardiography in a patient with congenital heart disease. we present a case of insidious development of endocarditis caused by streptobacillus moniliformis in a seven-month-old baby after a rat bite, when the baby was three months of age.201627154799
approved and novel strategies in diagnostics of rat bite fever and other streptobacillus infections in humans and animals.rat bite fever (rbf), a worldwide occurring and most likely under-diagnosed zoonosis caused by streptobacillus moniliformis, represents the most prominent disease of streptobacillus infections. recently, novel members have been described, from which a reservoir in rats and other animal species and a zoonotic potential can be assumed. despite regularly published case reports, diagnostics of rbf continues to represent a 'diagnostic dilemma', because the mostly applied 16s rrna sequence analysis ma ...201627088660
streptobacillus ratti sp. nov., isolated from a black rat (rattus rattus).an indole-, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-motile bacterium, strain ogs16t, was isolated from an oral swab of a feral black rat (rattus rattus) in 2007 in japan. it stained gram-negative and had pleomorphic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming cells. based on 16s rrna gene sequence analyses, strain ogs16t was assigned to the genus streptobacillus, with 16s rrna gene sequence similarities of 99.3, 99.0, 98.6 and 95.5% to the type strains of streptobacillus moniliformis, streptobacillus notomytis, ...201626705259
aerococcus christensenii as part of severe polymicrobial chorioamnionitis in a pregnant woman.chorioamnionitis is a potentially life threatening infection of the fetal membranes, commonly caused by ascending bacteria from the vagina and cervix. in our case, a healthy nullipara with a term pregnancy presented clinical signs of infection after induced labour with an intracervical balloon. thick green and foul smelling amniotic fluid was observed and culture showed massive growth of aerococcus christensenii, a facultative anaerob species found in the human vagina, previously only rarely all ...201627014376
oceanivirga salmonicida gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the leptotrichiaceae isolated from atlantic salmon (salmo salar).a pleomorphic, gram-negative, rod-shaped, indole-, oxidase- and catalase- negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium was originally isolated in 1992 from moribund, seawater farmed atlantic salmon with multifocal tissue necrosis. strain avg 2115t displayed considerable similarities with streptobacillus moniliformis, one of the two etiological agents of rat bite fever, and has been stored as streptobacillus sp. ncimb 703044t. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence analyses, this strain disp ...201627031261
caviibacter abscessus gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family leptotrichiaceae isolated from guinea pigs (cavia porcellus).a pleomorphic, gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, indole-, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium was originally isolated from the mandibular lymph node of a guinea pig and deposited as streptobacillus moniliformis ccug 39713 in 1998. a second strain, 151011837, was isolated from an identical lesion in a guinea pig in germany in 2015. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence analyses, these strains displayed highest sequence similarities with sneathia sanguinegens nt ...201626813893
root sepsis associated with insect-dwelling sebaldella termitidis in a lesser dwarf lemur (cheirogaleus medius).sebaldella termitidis is a rare fastidious microorganism of the leptotrichiaceae family. a variety of closely related species are associated with severe and even life-threatening disease in humans and animals, such as streptobacillus moniliformis, the etiological organism of rat-bite fever as well as members of leptotrichia spp. and sneathia sanguinegens, which have been reported from cases of septicaemia. in contrast, since its description some 50 years ago, s. ermitidis has so far never been r ...201526377576
oh rats! fever, rash and arthritis in a young woman.a 17-year-old girl presented with worsening right-sided hip and low back pain for 2 days. she had also experienced intermittent fevers and a recurring maculopapular rash over the past 2 weeks. social history revealed the presence of three domestic rats living in the girl's home. blood cultures returned positive for streptobacillus moniliformis, the causative agent of rat-bite fever. rat-bite fever often goes undiagnosed, as the clinical presentation is non-specific. untreated, the infection can ...201526701936
streptobacillus notomytis sp. nov., isolated from a spinifex hopping mouse (notomys alexis thomas, 1922), and emended description of streptobacillus levaditi et al. 1925, eisenberg et al. 2015 emend.a pleomorphic, gram-negative, rod-shaped, indole-, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium was isolated in 1979 from the heart of a spinifex hopping mouse (notomys alexis thomas, 1922) with septicaemia and stored as streptobacillus moniliformis in the strain collection of the animal health laboratory, south perth, western australia (ahl 370-1), as well as under ccug 12425. on the basis of 16srrna gene sequence analyses, the strain was assigned to the genus strepto ...201526438009
a japanese patient with a rare case of streptobacillus moniliformis bacteremia.streptobacillus moniliformis is the etiological agent of rat-bite fever, a rare disease in asia that is difficult to diagnose. we describe an elderly patient living in rat-infested conditions who presented with severe sepsis. he was successfully treated with meropenem, and blood culture revealed infection with s. moniliformis.201526344724
streptobacillus felis sp. nov., isolated from a cat with pneumonia, and emended descriptions of the genus streptobacillus and of streptobacillus moniliformis.a pleomorphic, gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, indole-, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium (strain 131000547(t)) was isolated from the lungs of a cat with pneumonia. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence analyses the strain was assigned to the genus streptobacillus with 97.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of streptobacillus moniliformis and 94.6% to that of streptobacillus hongkongensis. the clear differentiation of strain 131000547(t) from strepto ...201525858245
rat-bite fever: an uncommon cause of fever and rash in a 9-year-old patient. 201527051784
streptobacillus moniliformis bacteremia in a rheumatoid arthritis patient without a rat bite: a case report.rat bite fever is a relatively rare infectious disease due to infection with streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minus mainly via directs bite by rats, mice, or other rodents. if there is no clear bite history, the diagnosis is difficult or may not be made.201526584844
[rat-bite fever--two cases of infection with streptobacillus moniliformis within two months].medical history and clinical findings | two cases of the rarely diagnosed streptobacillus moniliformis infection (rat bite or haverhill fever) emerged within two months in stuttgart. the first patient presented with typical symptoms, i.e., fever and arthralgia. the second patient, however, was afebrile with severe back pain and fatigue as only symptoms. none of the patients reported rat bites or other animal contacts. examinations | physical examination did not reveal any focus of infection in t ...201525970414
streptobacillus moniliformis endocarditis: case report and review of literature.rat bite fever is a rare infection and sometimes results in complications. this case report describes native mitral valve endocarditis in a 44-year-old male patient caused by streptobacillus moniliformis. the diagnosis was confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography and blood cultures (bactec). the patient was treated with iv crystalline penicillin (6 weeks) and gentamicin (2 weeks). the fundamental importance of a high index of suspicion, interpreting investigations and appropriateness of the ...201523993005
detection of zoonotic pathogens and characterization of novel viruses carried by commensal rattus norvegicus in new york city.norway rats (rattus norvegicus) are globally distributed and concentrate in urban environments, where they live and feed in closer proximity to human populations than most other mammals. despite the potential role of rats as reservoirs of zoonotic diseases, the microbial diversity present in urban rat populations remains unexplored. in this study, we used targeted molecular assays to detect known bacterial, viral, and protozoan human pathogens and unbiased high-throughput sequencing to identify ...201425316698
notes from the field: fatal rat-bite fever in a child - san diego county, california, 2013.in august 2013, the county of san diego health and human services agency was notified of a fatal case of rat-bite fever (rbf) in a previously healthy male, aged 10 years, who owned pet rats. two days before his death, the patient experienced rigors, fevers, vomiting, headaches, and leg pains. his physician noted a fever of 102.6°f (39.2ºc), documented a normal examination, diagnosed viral gastroenteritis, and prescribed anti-nausea medication. during the next 24 hours, the patient experienced vo ...201425522092
a teenager with fever, rash, and arthralgia. streptobacillus moniliformis infection. 201425436846
an unusual tale of rat-bite fever endocarditis.a 49-year-old man presented to our department with an acute history of right leg tenderness, rash, swelling and fever. ct of the chest, abdomen and pelvis and a transoesophageal echocardiogram confirmed the diagnosis of mitral valve infective endocarditis with distal splenic emboli. positive blood cultures revealed the causative organism to be streptobacillus moniliformis. the patient was treated with high-dose antibiotics and had mitral valve replacement surgery.201425414213
direct detection of indirect transmission of streptobacillus moniliformis rat bite fever infection.we describe the evaluation of culture-negative synovial fluid from a 3-year-old boy by pcr and electrospray ionization followed by mass spectrometry (pcr/esi-ms). our patient developed a diffuse rash and fever with systemic signs and symptoms of sepsis, but four sets of blood cultures obtained prior to initiation of antibiotics were negative. after 1 week of illness, he developed right-knee swelling. analysis of synovial fluid was consistent with infection, but cultures of specimens obtained fol ...201424719439
septic arthritis secondary to rat bite fever: a challenging diagnostic course.we describe a challenging diagnostic course of a case of septic arthritis secondary to rat bite fever (streptobacillus moniliformis) in a 29-year-old man who presented with generalised malaise, polyarthralgia and bilateral palmoplantar rash.201424695665
streptobacillus hongkongensis sp. nov., isolated from patients with quinsy and septic arthritis, and emended descriptions of the genus streptobacillus and streptobacillus moniliformis.two bacterial strains, hku33(t) and hku34, were isolated in hong kong from the pus aspirated from the right peritonsillar abscess of a patient with quinsy and the left elbow joint fluid of another patient with tophaceous gout and left elbow septic arthritis, respectively. the bacteria were gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, non-haemolytic pleomorphic bacilli. they grew best on columbia agar with 5 % defibrinated sheep blood in an anaerobic environment or aerobic environment with ...201424912824
rats, cities, people, and pathogens: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of literature regarding the ecology of rat-associated zoonoses in urban centers.urban norway and black rats (rattus norvegicus and rattus rattus) are the source of a number of pathogens responsible for significant human morbidity and mortality in cities around the world. these pathogens include zoonotic bacteria (leptospira interrogans, yersina pestis, rickettsia typhi, bartonella spp., streptobacillus moniliformis), viruses (seoul hantavirus), and parasites (angiostrongylus cantonensis). a more complete understanding of the ecology of these pathogens in people and rats is ...201323590323
septic arthritis and concern for osteomyelitis in a child with rat bite fever.rat bite fever is a rare infection usually caused by streptobacillus moniliformis. a case of septic arthritis and possible osteomyelitis as sequelae of rat bite fever in a pediatric patient is described.201323554193
epidural abscess caused by streptobacillus moniliformis.we present an interesting case of a patient who developed an epidural abscess caused by streptobacillus moniliformis. this is the first report in the medical literature of a spinal epidural abscess associated with this organism. diagnosis of s. moniliformis infection requires a high degree of suspicion, and a delay may be inevitable when a relevant clinical history is lacking.201222718932
Characterization of ß-galactoside phosphorylases with diverging acceptor specificities.Glycoside phosphorylases are a special group of carbohydrate-active enzymes, with characteristics in between those of glycoside hydrolases and glycosyl transferases. The phosphorylases from family GH-112 are exceptional because they employ galactose-1-phosphate instead of glucose-1-phosphate as glycosyl donor. Different acceptor specificities have been observed in this family, ranging from l-rhamnose to GlcNAc, GalNAc and a combination of the latter. Three new phosphorylases from previously unex ...201122112272
rat bite fever as a presenting illness in a patient with aids.the etiology of culture-negative septic arthritis is poorly characterised in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). new molecular methods may assist in the investigation of culture-negative infections of sterile sites, including septic arthritis. we describe the first case of septic arthritis due to the cause of rat bite fever (rbf), streptobacillus moniliformis, confirmed by 16s rrna sequence analysis, in a patient with newly diagnosed hiv infection.201121877181
shell vial cell culture as a tool for streptobacillus moniliformis "resuscitation".streptobacillus moniliformis is a fastidious growing gram-negative bacillus responsible of rat-bite fever. we describe here the first report of this disease in la réunion and the first isolation using shell vial cell culture from a blood culture bottle with a bacterium suspected to be dead.201121292904
rat bite fever, a fatal case of streptobacillus moniliformis infection in a 14-month-old boy.streptobacillus moniliformis is the primary cause of rat bite fever in north america. children under 12 years of age are primarily infected, presenting with an acute syndrome of fever, rash, and polyarthritis. common vectors include rats and mice. transmission is predominantly from a bite or scratch, but contact with or ingestion of food contaminated with feces or saliva has also been reported. we report a fatal case of s. moniliformis infection in a 14-month-old-boy. at home, the child was expo ...201121306374
[streptobacillus moniliformis septic polyarthritis]. 201121397421
[streptobacillus moniliformis]. 201121526287
a 70-year-old man with fever and polyarthralgia. streptobacillus moniliformis. 201122002981
the rise of the rats: a growing paediatric issue.rat bite fever (rbf), a systemic infection of streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minus characterized by fever, arthralgias and petechial-purpuric rash on the extremities, carries a mortality rate of 7% to 10% if untreated. in canada, one adult and two paediatric cases of rbf have been reported since 2000. in recent years, pet rats have become quite popular among children, placing them at an increased risk for rbf. thus, paediatricians need to be more wary of the potential for rbf in their ...201021358889
a case of septic arthritis from rat-bite fever in hawai'i.infection associated with a rat bite has been known for centuries. streptobacillus moniliformis is a zoonotic organism identified in the 20th century as the causative agent of most cases of rat bite fever outside of mainland asia. there are no previously published cases of this pathogen in hawai'i.201020397505
[unexplained fever after exposure to rats: rat bite fever or haverhill fever].a 24-year old man presented himself to the emergency ward with complaints of fever, nausea, headache, muscle ache and chest pain. two weeks before presentation he had been bitten by a pet rat. we determined that he had bacteraemia caused by a streptobacillus moniliformis infection, which led to the development of an illness called rat bite fever. s. moniliformis is a pleomorphic gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium that is considered part of the normal nasopharyngeal flora in rats. it is the cause ...201020619014
streptobacillus moniliformis bacteremia in a child: case report.background: we report a case of bacteremia caused by streptobacillus moniliformis. case presentation and intervention: a 2 years and 3 months female kuwaiti child presented with febrile convulsions, mild cough and vomiting. the patient's history, clinical findings and radiological investigations were reviewed. there was no history of rat/animal bite, but the child had been camping in the desert prior to the illness and may have been exposed to rodent excreta. on two occasions, blood culture spec ...201020639668
isolation of streptobacillus moniliformis from the blood of a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.this is an unusual report of isolation of streptobacillus moniliformis from the blood of a male child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. no history of rat bite was there, but rats were present in the house. the possible source of infection may be food or water contaminated with rat excreta. whether this bacteria can cause opportunistic infection in leukaemic patients, need to be evaluated further.201020966577
rainfall and outbreaks of drinking water related disease and in england and wales.a case-crossover study compared rainfall in the 4 weeks before drinking water related outbreaks with that in the five previous control years. this included public and private drinking water related outbreaks in england and wales from 1910 to 1999. of 111 outbreaks, 89 met inclusion criteria and the implicated pathogens included giardia, cryptosporidium, e. coli, s. typhi, s. paratyphi, campylobacter and streptobacillus moniliformis. weather data was derived from the british atmospheric data cent ...200918957770
complete genome sequence of streptobacillus moniliformis type strain (9901).streptobacillus moniliformis levaditi et al. 1925 is the type and sole species of the genus streptobacillus, and is of phylogenetic interest because of its isolated location in the sparsely populated and neither taxonomically nor genomically much accessed family 'leptotrichiaceae' within the phylum fusobacteria. the 'leptotrichiaceae' have not been well characterized, genomically or taxonomically. s. moniliformis,is a gram-negative, non-motile, pleomorphic bacterium and is the etiologic agent of ...200921304670
rat bite fever: a misnomer?we report a case of rat bite fever (streptobacillus moniliformis) in a young man who presented generally unwell with pyrexia, vomiting, arthralgia and deranged liver function. two weeks before his illness he had disposed of a dead rat but was not bitten by it. this zoonotic infection was treated with broad spectrum antibiotics and he made a complete recovery. it is a rarely diagnosed but likely common infection given the frequent contact between humans and rodents. in the past, confirmation of t ...200922180758
rat-bite fever identified by polymerase chain reaction detection of streptobacillus moniliformis dna.a 74-year-old woman presented with erythema of the extremities, a high fever and arthralgia after being bitten by a rat. the patient was diagnosed as having rat-bite fever based on the symptoms and clinical course, as well as the polymerase chain reaction detection of streptobacillus moniliformis dna in the crust of the bite site. this is the first case to be diagnosed using polymerase chain reaction on a crusted skin lesion specimen. although clinical symptoms initially remitted with minocyclin ...200819017047
dogs as vectors of streptobacillus moniliformis infection?rat bite fever is a bacterial zoonosis transmitted through the bite of rats. one of the two etiological agents that cause rat bite fever is streptobacillus moniliformis. rat bite fever is rare and very likely under diagnosed but occurs worldwide. other animals, like dogs and cats that have mouthed a rat are often mentioned in the literature as potential risks for the attraction of rat bite fever. however, rat bite fever caused by the bite of a dog or cat has very seldom been documented. therefor ...200818061376
positive streptobacillus moniliformis pcr in guinea pigs likely due to leptotrichia spp.streptobacillus moniliformis is a zoonotic bacterium. we obtained positive s. moniliformis pcr results in oral swab samples from guinea pigs from an experimental colony and the breeding colony of origin. comparison of the dna sequence of an amplicon with deposited 16s rdna sequences revealed that leptotrichia sp. can be the source of a false positive s. moniliformis pcr outcome.200818023543
detection of streptobacillus spp. in feral rats by specific polymerase chain reaction.streptobacillus moniliformis is an etiological agent of rat-bite fever and haverhill fever in human infection. as the currently available methods for identifying the causative bacteria are not satisfactory, we attempted to establish them by pcr using newly designed primers for the 16s rrna gene of s. moniliformis. we then determined the prevalence of streptobacillus spp. in two species of feral rats that inhabit an urban region in japan, because information on the prevalence of the bacteria in f ...200818352907
isolation of streptobacillus moniliformis from a pet rat.we isolated streptobacillus moniliformis, the causative agent of rat-bite fever in humans, from the salivary gland of a pet rat postmortem. the isolate was a gram-negative pleomorphic coccobacillus, which produced acid from glucose and showed enzymatic activities for eight items in the api zym system. the results were consistent with those of the reference strain, atcc 14647(t), except for acid production from dextrin. partial sequencing of 16s rrna (1,440 bp) and gyrb genes (514 bp) of the isol ...200818525173
streptobacillus moniliformis as the causative agent in spondylodiscitis and psoas abscess after rooster scratches.we report a case of streptobacillus moniliformis spondylodiscitis accompanied by a psoas abscess in an 80-year-old man scratched by a rooster. s. moniliformis was identified from abscess fluid by use of 16s rrna gene sequencing. after 18 weeks of antimicrobial therapy, the clinical condition of the patient improved.200818562588
[zoonoses transmitted by mouse and rat maintained as laboratory or pet animals].large numbers of mice (mus spp.) and rats (rattus spp.) are maintained for scientific reasons and as pet animals in germany. while laboratory animals are monitored for pathogenic agents, the hygienic status of pet animals is usually completely unknown. despite great efforts, zoonotic infections were reported even in laboratory settings, e.g. with hantavirus (seoul virus), streptobacillus moniliformis, and trichphyton mentagrophytes. however, in current reports, zoonotic infections were transmitt ...200818712260
fulminant endocarditis caused by streptobacillus moniliformis in a young man. 200718023687
rat bite fever and streptobacillus moniliformis.rat bite fever, caused by streptobacillus moniliformis, is a systemic illness classically characterized by fever, rigors, and polyarthralgias. if left untreated, it carries a mortality rate of 10%. unfortunately, its nonspecific initial presentation combined with difficulties in culturing its causative organism produces a significant risk of delay or failure in diagnosis. the increasing popularity of rats and other rodents as pets, together with the risk of invasive or fatal disease, demands inc ...200717223620
[pet-rat bite fever and septic arthritis: molecular identification of streptobacillus moniliformis].pet-rat bite fever is a relatively rare disease consecutive to a rat bite or scratch. the authors report a case of septic arthritis following a pet rat bite. streptobacillus moniliformis was identified in the knee synovial fluid and identified by 16s rrna sequencing. this is a rapid and efficient tool for identification of fastidious bacterium. the patient was cured by an amoxicillin treatment.200717257794
rat-bite fever: a cautionary tale.we present the first ever report of streptobacillary rat-bite fever in new zealand. the patient was a young man who was admitted with systemic sepsis. he presented with a high fever, hypotension, and tender axillary lymphadenopathy. he had been bitten by a rat a week earlier. blood cultures grew streptobacillus moniliformis, thus confirming the diagnosis. the literature on rat-bite fever is also reviewed.200717515945
streptobacillus moniliformis septic arthritis: a clinical entity distinct from rat-bite fever?streptobacillus moniliformis is a zoonotic agent associated with rodent contacts. although it is more commonly reported to cause rat-bite fever with reactive arthritides, it can also lead to pyogenic infection of the joints.200717561996
prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by streptobacillus moniliformis: a case of rat bite fever.we report a case of rat bite fever caused by streptobacillus moniliformis in taiwan. it manifested as prosthetic valve endocarditis, which was cured by cardiac valve replacement and antimicrobial therapy. the dna sequence of the 16s rrna gene of s. moniliformis was detected in valve specimens by pcr and nucleotide sequencing.200717652475
streptobacillus moniliformis endocarditis. 200616752478
haverhill fever with spine involvement.haverhill fever and rat-bite fever are closely-related syndromes caused by streptobacillus moniliformis. this infection is characterized by the abrupt onset of fever with rigors, myalgias, headache, polyarthritis, and rash. we report a case of infection with s. moniliformis that manifested as acute polyarthritis with involvement of the spine. to our knowledge, involvement of the spine has not been reported previously with this infection. diagnosis can be particularly difficult in the absence of ...200616821275
detection of antibodies to streptobacillus moniliformis in rats by an immunoblot procedure.an immunoblot (ib) technique for detecting antibodies to streptobacillus moniliformis in rat sera was evaluated. immune sera to three s. moniliformis strains showed a similar reactivity pattern with both autologous and homologous antigens in the 18-87 kda range. using a rat s. moniliformis strain as the antigen, a similar reactivity pattern was found with sera from rats infected experimentally with s. moniliformis and sentinels. two to five proteins were detected in the 32-55 kda range. over a p ...200617018215
rat-bite fever septic arthritis: illustrative case and literature review.rat-bite fever is a rare zoonotic infection caused by streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minus, which is characterised by fever, rash and arthritis. the arthritis has previously been described as non-suppurative and isolation of the organism from synovial fluid as very uncommon. this article reports a case of septic arthritis diagnosed as rat-bite fever when the organism was cultured from synovial fluid and reviews another 15 cases of s. moniliformis septic arthritis reported in the world ...200617096137
fatal rat-bite fever--florida and washington, 2003.rat-bite fever (rbf) is a rare, systemic illness caused by infection with streptobacillus moniliformis. rbf has a case-fatality rate of 7%-10% among untreated patients. s. moniliformis is commonly found in the nasal and oropharyngeal flora of rats. human infection can result from a bite or scratch from an infected or colonized rat, handling of an infected rat, or ingestion of food or water contaminated with infected rat excreta. an abrupt onset of fever, myalgias, arthralgias, vomiting, and head ...200515635289
rat bite fever mimicking rheumatoid arthritis.we report a case of streptobacillus moniliformis polyarthritis mimicking a rheumatoid arthritis, in a pet shop employee. in culture of fluid joint growth a curious gram-negative bacillus was identified by polymerase chain reaction as streptobacillus moniliformis. the outcome was good after surgical debridment and rifampin-clindamycin combination during 4 weeks.200516012023
rat-bite fever.a 23-year-old woman presented with fever, arthralgias and a skin rash. she possessed nine pet rats, and denied that she had been bitten. blood culture was positive for streptobacillus moniliformis, which can cause rat-bite fever. the patient fully recovered after treatment with clarithromycin.200516186643
rat bite fever caused by streptobacillus moniliformis in a child: human infection and rat carriage diagnosed by pcr.a child owning pet rats developed an eruptive fever with blisters, polyarthritis, and spectacular desquamation of the hands. streptobacillus moniliformis was identified after culture of the child's blister fluid and was detected in rat samples by molecular methods. such detection in the pet of a human victim of rat bite fever has not been reported previously.200516254115
bacteremia by streptobacillus moniliformis: first case described in spain.described here is the case of an 87-year-old man who developed fever, chills and discomfort caused by streptobacillus moniliformis. this pathogen is one of the causes of rat-bite fever, an uncommon bacterial illness transmitted through a bite or scratch from a rodent or the ingestion of food or water contaminated with rat faeces. cases of rat-bite fever are rarely reported in spain. the patient reported no history of rat bite or rodent contact, and the only known risk factor was contact with a d ...200312709841
rat bite fever without fever.rat bite fever is a rarely reported acute febrile bacterial illness caused by streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minus following a rat bite. it is classically characterised by abrupt onset of fever with rigors, myalgias, headache, and the appearance of a generalised maculopapular petechial skin rash. polyarthritis complicates the course of the disease in up to 50% of infected patients, and numerous hurdles can make the diagnosis particularly difficult in the absence of fever or rash, as i ...200312922966
molecular diagnosis of arthritis due to streptobacillus moniliformis.streptobacillus moniliformis was identified as etiologic agent of arthritis utilizing a 16s rdna molecular kit in our clinical laboratory. with the increasing of human contacts with rat as pet, this method would appear suitable to identify fastidious gram-negative rod involved in arthritis specially when the clinical context is not evocative.200314711486
[acute fever due to rats].the bite of a rat can transmit diverse micro-organisms; however, the development of health measures and the improved conditions of habitability of homes have meant that the infectious diseases transmitted by the aggressions of these animals are infrequent in industrialised countries. in occasional circumstances this type of aggression can still take place, especially in depressed areas on the periphery of big cities and in uninhabited premises, this being a possibility that it is advisable to be ...200212861297
pcr for the detection of streptobacillus moniliformis.streptobacillus moniliformis is a gram-negative bacterium found in various laboratory animal species and is the cause of rat bite fever and haverhill fever in man. in order to evaluate a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of this zoonotic bacterium in animal tissues a set of primers was designed based on the dna base sequence of part of the 16s rrna gene from 11 s. moniliformis strains. the pcr detected as few as 2-6 copies of s. moniliformis dna. a 296 bp dna fragment was amplifi ...200211943086
rat-bite fever in children: case report and review.we report 2 cases of rat-bite fever (rbf), a multisystem zoonosis, in children and review the literature. rbf is caused by i of 2 gram-negative organisms: streptobacillus moniliformis or, less commonly, spirillum minus. both of our cases developed in school-aged girls with a history of rat exposure who presented with a multisystem illness consisting of fever, petechial and purpuric rash, arthralgia and polyarthritis. both responded promptly to antibiotic treatment. an additional 10 cases from a ...200212160180
[digital purpura revealing septicaemical rat-bite fever].infection with streptobacillus moniliformis is an uncommon illness which can lead to death if untreated. we report the case in which initially cutaneous signs permitted diagnosis and further identification of the organism.200212442129
spontaneous rat bite fever in non-human primates: a review of two cases.rat bite fever is a worldwide zoonotic, non-reportable disease. this entity encompasses similar, yet distinct, disease syndromes caused by streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minus. naturally occurring rat bite fever has not been previously described in non-human primates. this report describes two cases of non-human primate rat bite fever caused by s. moniliformis; a rhesus macaque (macaca mullata) with valvular endocarditis, and a titi monkey (callicebus sp.) with septic arthritis. poten ...200212519213
remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema associated with subcutaneous streptobacillus moniliformis abscess.we describe an 84-year-old woman who developed remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema (rs3pe) associated with a subcutaneous abscess of the hand due to streptobacillus moniliformis. polyarthritis and edema were relieved after therapy with corticosteroids. we review the association of rs3pe to different rheumatologic, neoplastic, or infectious diseases.200111469482
streptobacillus moniliformis: case report and review of the literature.streptobacillus moniliformis is one of the causes of rat bite fever. the clinical and microbiological diagnosis of this rare infectious disease is often quite problematic. penicillin, in sufficiently high dosis, is the treatment of choice and leads to a prompt resolution of the infection, whereas lack of treatment leads to a 13% mortality rate. as far as we know, this paper reports the first human isolate in belgium.200111484516
a rare and serious consequence of a rat bite.contact with rat saliva or faeces can lead to infection with streptobacillus moniliformis and the condition known as 'rat bite fever'. we report a case of septic arthritis of the hip due to this organism following a bite on the finger of a 14-year-old boy from a rat for sale in a pet shop. the case was successfully treated by arthrotomy, drainage and joint lavage followed by administration of penicillin. septic arthritis of the hip due to s. moniliformis has not been previously described and thi ...200111518380
rat-bite fever (streptobacillus moniliformis): a potential emerging disease.to determine the relative prevalence of human infections attributable to streptobacillus moniliformis in california over the past 3 decades.200111724672
broad range polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of rat-bite fever caused by streptobacillus moniliformis.an 11-year-old boy presented with fever, vomiting, rash, limping and blisters on his feet after a finger bite by his domestic rat. although cultures from blood, cerebrospinal fluid and urine remained negative, broad range polymerase chain reaction amplification of a part of the 16s rrna gene followed by sequencing allowed the detection and identification of streptobacillus moniliformis in blister fluid, thus confirming the suspected clinical diagnosis of rat-bite fever.200111740332
[rat-bite fever].rat bite fever and haverhill fever are caused by streptobacillus moniliformis which is part of the natural oral flora of rats and other rodents. fever accompanied by headache, nausea and myalgia develops within ten days. complications can be fatal.200111757440
septic arthritis of the hip secondary to rat bite fever: a case report.rat bite fever is a rare infection typically caused by streptobacillus moniliformis. the mode of transmission is most commonly through a bite or scratch from an infected rat. this disease is characterized by polyarthritis, fever, and a delayed onset erythematous maculopapular rash of the extremities. the authors report a case of rat bite fever, which led to septic arthritis of the hip. to the authors' knowledge, the complication of hip sepsis requiring an arthrotomy has not been reported in the ...200011064988
streptobacillus moniliformis endocarditis in an hiv-positive patient.streptobacillus moniliformis is the causative agent of rat bite fever, with endocarditis being a rare but well-documented complication. we report the case of an hiv-positive man who acquired s. moniliformis endocarditis through a rat bite. no predisposing cardiac lesion was known. he was treated with ceftriaxone 2 g/day i.v. for 3 weeks, gentamicin 120 mg/day i.v. for 2 weeks and penicillin 24x10(6) units/day for 1 week. at the end of the antibiotic therapy he suffered a generalized candida albi ...200011139161
rat-bite fever--new mexico, 1996.rat-bite fever (rbf) is a systemic bacterial illness caused by streptobacillus moniliformis that can be acquired through the bite or scratch of a rodent or the ingestion of food or water contaminated with rat feces. cases are rarely reported in the united states and the true incidence of disease is unknown. on august 7, 1996, a physician in a rural community reported a case of infection with s. moniliformis bacteremia in a 15-year-old boy to the new mexico department of health. this report summa ...19989480409
rat bite fever in a pet lover.rat-bite fever is an uncommon bacterial illness resulting from infection with streptobacillus moniliformis that is often transmitted by the bite of a rat. the cutaneous findings in rat-bite fever are nonspecific but have been described as maculopapular or petechial. we describe a 9-year-old girl with acrally distributed hemorrhagic pustules, fever, and arthralgias. diagnosis was delayed because of difficulty in identifying the pathologic organism. she was successfully treated with 10 days of cef ...19989486709
streptobacillus moniliformis infection: 2 cases and a literature review.two cases of streptobacillus moniliformis infection are reported in farmers bitten by rats during their work. one patient had a subcutaneous abscess requiring surgical treatment and the other streptobacillary rat bite fever. streptobacillus moniliformis was isolated from pus and blood, respectively. an erythromycin course failed to eradicate the infection in the first patient. both patients were successfully treated with penicillin.19989790145
mutual viral and bacterial infections after housing rats of various breeders within an experimental unit.fifteen athymic rat strains from 11 breeding colonies were housed within an experimental facility for an immunological study. health status records supplied with 14 of the strains listed infections by kilham's rat virus (krv), clostridium piliforme (bacillus piliformis) and pasteurella pneumotropica for 2, 2 and 1 colonies respectively. in sera taken previous to the study from euthymic rats of 10 strains, antibodies to krv were detected in 3 strains, to pneumonia virus of mice (pvm), rat corona ...19968709572
streptobacillus moniliformis infection in swiss white mice.an epizootic of disease attributed to infection with streptobacillus moniliformis occurred in a colony of swiss white mice. the mortality rate among the 180 breeding females in the 6 affected pens was 100%, and most of the sucking young died from starvation. acute septicemia, subacute septicemia, and polyarthritis were the 3 forms of disease observed. clinically, septicemic mice either were found dead or were depressed and hunched for 1-2 days prior to death. about a half of these mice had brown ...19968744742
[streptobacillus moniliformis septic oligoarthritis (fever caused by rat bite)]. 19968767083
isolation of presumptive streptobacillus moniliformis from abscesses associated with the female genital tract.we report three cases in which streptobacillus moniliformis was isolated from abscesses. abscess material in each case contained small, pleomorphic, gram-negative to gram-variable bacilli. anaerobic blood agar cultures yielded pinpoint colonies adjacent to small gray-white colonies. the pinpoint colonies did not gram stain, and the gray-white colonies varied from gram-variable coccobacilli to long, curly, gram-variable rods. the pinpoint colonies microscopically resembled l-forms on dienes-stain ...19968852965
streptobacillus moniliformis--a zoonotic pathogen. taxonomic considerations, host species, diagnosis, therapy, geographical distribution.streptobacillus moniliformis (sm), the causative agent of rat-bite fever and haverhill fever in man, is also a pathogen in certain laboratory and domestic animals. with the introduction of modern maintenance systems, this microorganism seemed to be eradicated from laboratory animal units, but recent reports of streptobacillus moniliformis (sm) in colonies of laboratory rodents give evidence that this 'forgotten' bacterium can still be found even behind hygienic barrier systems. although various ...19957707673
difficulties encountered in identification of a nutritionally deficient streptococcus on the basis of its failure to revert to streptococcal morphology.difficulties were encountered in the recognition of a nutritionally deficient streptococcus which continued to display aberrant morphologic forms (especially bulbous swellings and filament formation) despite provision of growth factors. with isolates displaying diverse morphologic entities not characteristic of a given species, e.g., streptobacillus moniliformis or erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, nutritionally deficient streptococci should be considered.19957790428
polyarthritis in wild mice (mus musculus) caused by streptobacillus moniliformis.mice trapped on farms in south-eastern queensland had chronic abscessating osteoarthritides mainly involving the carpi and tarsi. pleomorphic bacteria were shown by silver staining to be plentiful within lesions. streptobacillus moniliformis was isolated from the joints, and streptobacillary polyarthritis was diagnosed. other lesions observed included subcutaneous and hepatic abscesses.19948067948
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