Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| fifteen shades of green: the evolution of bufotes toads revisited. | the radiation of palearctic green toads (bufotes) holds great potential to evaluate the role of hybridization in phylogeography at multiple stages along the speciation continuum. with fifteen species representing three ploidy levels, this model system is particularly attractive to examine the causes and consequences of allopolyploidization, a prevalent yet enigmatic pathway towards hybrid speciation. despite substantial efforts, the evolutionary history of this species complex remains largely bl ... | 2019 | 31520778 |
| urban plums and toads: do fleshy fruits affect the post-metamorphic growth of amphibians? | the main aim of the study was to analyse the influence of fleshy fruits (plums) on the post-metamorphic growth and feeding behaviour of the green toad bufotes viridis. we tested the following two hypotheses: (1) juveniles of the green toad are characterised by faster growth in conditions involving fallen plums prunus cerasifera due to the associated presence of more varied food such as invertebrates; (2) green toads exhibit more active feeding behaviour in the presence of fleshy fruits. | 2019 | 30723623 |
| an unknown collection of lizards from afghanistan. | afghanistan is a herpetologically understudied country with few published papers since the end of "afghanistan's golden age" from the 1930s to the 1970s. although a detailed checklist of the herpetofauna of the country, based on exploration of herpetodiversity using biodiversity archives, has been published recently, there still exist additional historical data that have not been considered. this is the case for a so far unknown collection of lizards from afghanistan deposited in the herpetologi ... | 2019 | 31558882 |
| comparative assessment of the antioxidative defense system in subadult and adult anurans: a lesson from the bufotes viridis toad. | during their complex life cycle, anurans are faced with various physiological and biochemical demands that can result in increased free radical production. the antioxidative system (aos), assumes a central role in protection from oxidative stress, and increased knowledge of its response would allow us to identify and quantify underlying costs of free radical production. in this study, we compared the patterns and levels of integration of the aos during two life stages of bufotes viridis toads fr ... | 2018 | 30502836 |
| introgression across hybrid zones is not mediated by large x-effects in green toads with undifferentiated sex chromosomes. | divergence between incipient species remains an incompletely understood process. hybrid zones provide great research potential, reflecting natural organismal genomic interactions and gene evolution in a variety of recombinants over generations. while sex chromosomes are known evolutionary drivers of reproductive isolation, empirical population genetics has mostly examined species with heteromorphic sex chromosomes. we recently reported restricted introgression at sex-linked markers in an amphibi ... | 2018 | 30332580 |
| prooxidant effects of chronic exposure to deltamethrin in green toad bufotes viridis. | pesticide-induced oxidative stress, as one of mechanism of toxicity, has been a focus of toxicological research. however, there is a lack of data for certain pesticides-oxidative stress effects especially on terrestrial amphibians. this study evaluates the prooxidative effects of orally administered insecticide deltamethrin (dm) in some tissues of the terrestrial toad bufotes viridis. toads were randomly divided and assigned to a control group and a test group that was orally exposed to the pest ... | 2018 | 30173389 |
| phylogeography of aegean green toads (bufo viridis subgroup): continental hybrid swarm vs. insular diversification with discovery of a new island endemic. | debated aspects in speciation research concern the amount of gene flow between incipient species under secondary contact and the modes by which post-zygotic isolation accumulates. secondary contact zones of allopatric lineages, involving varying levels of divergence, provide natural settings for comparative studies, for which the aegean (eastern mediterranean) geography offers unique scenarios. in palearctic green toads (bufo viridis subgroup or bufotes), plio-pleistocene (~ 2.6 mya) diverged sp ... | 2018 | 29720079 |
| profound genetic divergence and asymmetric parental genome contributions as hallmarks of hybrid speciation in polyploid toads. | the evolutionary causes and consequences of allopolyploidization, an exceptional pathway to instant hybrid speciation, are poorly investigated in animals. in particular, when and why hybrid polyploids versus diploids are produced, and constraints on sources of paternal and maternal ancestors, remain underexplored. using the palearctic green toad radiation (including bisexually reproducing species of three ploidy levels) as model, we generate a range-wide multi-locus phylogeny of 15 taxa and pres ... | 2018 | 29436499 |
| amphibians distribution and habitats in the southwestern region of saudi arabia. | this study surveyed 205 wetland sites in the southwestern saudi arabia. we found seven species of amphibians (anura), which belong to four families: bufonidae; which includes four species, sclerophrys tihamica; s. arabica, duttaphrynus dhufarensis, and bufotes viridis; hylidae, represented by only one species, the tree frog hyla savignyi; ranidae, which represented by one species, pelophylax ridibundus and finally the dicroglossidae, represented by one species, euphlyctis ehrenbergii. the reason ... | 2018 | 30505185 |
| climate change promotes hybridisation between deeply divergent species. | rare hybridisations between deeply divergent animal species have been reported for decades in a wide range of taxa, but have often remained unexplained, mainly considered chance events and reported as anecdotal. here, we combine field observations with long-term data concerning natural hybridisations, climate, land-use, and field-validated species distribution models for two deeply divergent and naturally sympatric toad species in europe (bufo bufo and bufotes viridis species groups). we show th ... | 2017 | 28348926 |
| neogene amphibians and reptiles (caudata, anura, gekkota, lacertilia, and testudines) from the south of western siberia, russia, and northeastern kazakhstan. | the present-day amphibian and reptile fauna of western siberia are the least diverse of the palaearctic realm, as a consequence of the unfavourable climatic conditions that predominate in this region. the origin and emergence of these herpetofaunal groups are poorly understood. aside from the better-explored european neogene localities yielding amphibian and reptile fossil remains, the neogene herpetofauna of western asia is understudied. the few available data need critical reviews and new inte ... | 2017 | 28348925 |
| sublethal effects of the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin on oxidative stress parameters in green toad (bufotes viridis l.). | pyrethroids are synthetic insecticides widely used in agriculture, public health, and veterinary medicine. deltamethrin, a type ii pyrethroid insecticide, has attracted particular attention because of its frequent use. the mechanisms of the toxicity of most pesticides (including pyrethroids) in nontarget organisms is linked to the production of free radicals, oxidative stress induction, increased lipid peroxidation, and disruption of the total antioxidant potential. the aim of the present study ... | 2017 | 28475267 |
| cryopreservation of bufotes viridis embryos by vitrification. | loss of biodiversity among amphibians is a current concern. our hypothesis is that the embryos of amphibian species at risk of extinction could be cryopreserved by vitrification, using methods which have proved successful with fish oocyte. to test this hypothesis, samples of four cryoprotectants - methanol (meoh), dimethyl sulphoxide (me2so), propylene glycol (pg) and polyethylene glycol (peg), some singly, some in combination, were plunged in liquid nitrogen for 5 min to find the best solution ... | 2017 | 28193448 |
| impaired gonadal and somatic development corroborate vulnerability differences to the synthetic estrogen ethinylestradiol among deeply diverged anuran lineages. | amphibians are undergoing a global decline. one poorly investigated reason could be the pollution of aquatic habitats by endocrine disrupting compounds (edcs). we tested the susceptibility to the synthetically stabilized estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (ee2) in three deeply diverged anuran species, differing in sex determination systems, types of gonadogenesis and larval ecologies. to understand whether data from the amphibian model xenopus laevis (pipidae) are analogous and applicable to only dis ... | 2016 | 27434076 |
| the plasticizer bisphenol a affects somatic and sexual development, but differently in pipid, hylid and bufonid anurans. | due to their terrestrial habitats and aquatic reproduction, many amphibians are both very vulnerable and highly suitable bioindicators. the plasticizer bisphenol a (bpa) is one of the most produced chemical substances worldwide, and knowledge on its impacts on humans and animals is mounting. bpa is used for the industrial production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins and found in a multitude of consumer products. studies on bpa have involved mammals, fish and the fully aquatic anuran mod ... | 2016 | 27285164 |
| sex reversal assessments reveal different vulnerability to endocrine disruption between deeply diverged anuran lineages. | multiple anthropogenic stressors cause worldwide amphibian declines. among several poorly investigated causes is global pollution of aquatic ecosystems with endocrine disrupting compounds (edcs). these substances interfere with the endocrine system and can affect the sexual development of vertebrates including amphibians. we test the susceptibility to an environmentally relevant contraceptive, the artificial estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (ee2), simultaneously in three deeply divergent systematic ... | 2016 | 27029458 |
| density regulation in toad populations (epidalea calamita, bufotes viridis) by differential winter survival of juveniles. | the size of amphibian populations varies considerably between years, so that systematic trends in dynamics are difficult to detect. informed conservation management of presumably declining populations requires the identification of the most sensitive life stage. in temperate-zone anurans there is growing evidence that juveniles hibernating for the first time suffer from substantial winter losses. in two syntopic toads (epidalea calamita, bufotes viridis) we monitored survival of such juveniles d ... | 2016 | 26724194 |
| integrated assessment of biochemical markers in premetamorphic tadpoles of three amphibian species exposed to glyphosate- and methidathion-based pesticides in single and combination forms. | in this study, we evaluated the toxic effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide (gbh) and a methidathion-based insecticide (mbi), individually and in combination, on premetamorphic tadpoles of three anuran species: pelophylax ridibundus, xenopus laevis, and bufotes viridis. based on the determined 96-h lc50 values of each species, the effects of a series of sublethal concentrations of single pesticides and their mixtures after 96-h exposure and also the time-related effects of a high sublethal con ... | 2016 | 26595308 |
| a single transcriptome of a green toad (bufo viridis) yields candidate genes for sex determination and -differentiation and non-anonymous population genetic markers. | large genome size, including immense repetitive and non-coding fractions, still present challenges for capacity, bioinformatics and thus affordability of whole genome sequencing in most amphibians. here, we test the performance of a single transcriptome to understand whether it can provide a cost-efficient resource for species with large unknown genomes. using rna from six different tissues from a single palearctic green toad (bufo viridis) specimen and hiseq2000, we obtained 22,5 mio reads and ... | 2016 | 27232626 |
| [changes in heat resistance of the muscle and glycerinated muscle fibers of green toad (bufo viridis complex)]. | heat resistance of muscles and actomyosin proteins was determined at damaging temperatures of 41, 42, and 43 degrees c in three green toad (bufo viridis complex) populations from different climatic zones of uzbekistan. the highest muscle and model resistance to these temperatures was revealed in toads living in the warmest plain regions of the country, while the lowest resistance was specific for animals from the piedmont and mountain regions. the variability of heat resistance of the muscle and ... | 2016 | 16004272 |
| retinoic acid homeostasis regulates meiotic entry in developing anuran gonads and in bidder's organ through raldh2 and cyp26b1 proteins. | the vitamin a (retinol) and its metabolites such as retinoic acid (ra) affect vertebrate gametogenesis. the level of ra in cells relies on the balance between its synthesis and degradation. the sex-dependent equilibrium is reached in different ways in various species. it is known that ra induces meiosis in developing gonads in mouse, chicken and urodel amphibians, but its role in anuran amphibians has not been studied. here we show in six anuran species (xenopus laevis, bombina bombina, hyla arb ... | 2016 | 24056063 |
| [effects of paraoxypropiophenone on the growth and metamorphosis of tadpoles of bufo viridis and of rana agilis]. | 2016 | 14904797 | |
| [experimental studies on alcohol oxyphore; determination of catalase activity in bufo viridis larvae exposed to thyroid extracts]. | 2015 | 13048493 | |
| acute toxicity of maneb in the tadpoles of common and green toad. | pesticides used in agriculture can have hazardous effects on aquatic organisms, and amphibians are even more threatened than other aquatic vertebrates. maneb is widely used to control fungal diseases on crops, fruits, and vegetables. the aim of this study was to investigate the acute toxic effects of maneb on the common (bufo bufo) and green toad (pseudepidalea viridis) tadpoles. tadpoles at the development stage 21 were exposed to maneb (0-5 mg l(-1)) for 120 h. maneb lc50 values at hour 120 we ... | 2015 | 26444339 |
| origin and genome evolution of polyploid green toads in central asia: evidence from microsatellite markers. | polyploidization, which is expected to trigger major genomic reorganizations, occurs much less commonly in animals than in plants, possibly because of constraints imposed by sex-determination systems. we investigated the origins and consequences of allopolyploidization in palearctic green toads (bufo viridis subgroup) from central asia, with three ploidy levels and different modes of genome transmission (sexual versus clonal), to (i) establish a topology for the reticulate phylogeny in a species ... | 2015 | 25370211 |
| renal response of euryhaline toad (bufo viridis) to acute immersion in tap water, nacl, or urea solutions. | green toads (bufo viridis) were acclimated to either tap water, 230 mosmol nacl kg-1 h2o (saline), 500 mosmol nacl kg-1 h2o (high saline), or 500 mmol l-1 urea. renal functions for each acclimation group were studied on conscious animals that had one ureter chronically catheterized. reciprocal immersion of tap-water- and saline-acclimated toads in the opposite solution did not stress the animals osmotically, and plasma osmolality increased or decreased by no more than 15%. however, urine osmolal ... | 2015 | 10068626 |
| [studies on the skin grafts performed between adult specimen of bufo viridis and bufo vulgaris]. | 2015 | 4619485 | |
| sex chromosome conservation, dmrt1 phylogeny and gonad morphology in diploid palearctic green toads (bufo viridis subgroup). | due to the prevailing sex chromosome homomorphy and large genome size, the knowledge on sex determination systems, sex chromosomes and sex-determining genes in amphibians remains scarce. using 3 cross-amplifying sex-linked microsatellite markers, we uncover sex determination systems and sex chromosomes in purebred, diploid palearctic green toads (bufo viridis subgroup), which had so far only been characterized in laboratory-bred hybrids. our data support an xy system in b. balearicus, b. viridis ... | 2014 | 25823515 |
| inferring the degree of incipient speciation in secondary contact zones of closely related lineages of palearctic green toads (bufo viridis subgroup). | reproductive isolation between lineages is expected to accumulate with divergence time, but the time taken to speciate may strongly vary between different groups of organisms. in anuran amphibians, laboratory crosses can still produce viable hybrid offspring >20 my after separation, but the speed of speciation in closely related anuran lineages under natural conditions is poorly studied. palearctic green toads (bufo viridis subgroup) offer an excellent system to address this question, comprising ... | 2014 | 24713825 |
| evolutionary trend for metamery reduction and gonad shortening in anurans revealed by comparison of gonad development. | the gonads develop as the metameric mesodermal structures at the ventral surface of the mesonephroi. to study the evolutionary trends for anuran gonads, we performed comparative analysis of three species from the basal paraphyletic group - archaeobatrachia (bombina bombina, xenopus laevis, pelobates fuscus) and five species from more derived monophyletic neobatrachia group (hyla arborea, bufotes viridis, rana dalmatina, rana arvalis, rana temporaria). light and scanning electron microscopy analy ... | 2014 | 26154333 |
| low rates of x-y recombination, not turnovers, account for homomorphic sex chromosomes in several diploid species of palearctic green toads (bufo viridis subgroup). | contrasting with birds and mammals, most ectothermic vertebrates present homomorphic sex chromosomes, which might be due either to a high turnover rate or to occasional x-y recombination. we tested these two hypotheses in a group of palearctic green toads that diverged some 3.3 million years ago. using sibship analyses of sex-linked markers, we show that all four species investigated share the same pair of sex chromosomes and a pattern of male heterogamety with drastically reduced x-y recombinat ... | 2013 | 23316809 |
| sexual dimorphism of amh, dmrt1 and rspo1 localization in the developing gonads of six anuran species. | in vertebrates, several genes which are differentially expressed in various species, have been implicated in sex determination and gonadal differentiation. we used immunolocalization to study the expression pattern of three proteins amh, dmrt1, rspo1 involved in the sexual differentiation of gonads. the pattern of amh, dmrt1 and rspo1 expression was analyzed in x. laevis and in five other divergent anuran species: bombina bombina, bufo viridis, hyla arborea, rana arvalis and rana temporaria duri ... | 2013 | 24623081 |
| comparative toxicity of methidathion and glyphosate on early life stages of three amphibian species: pelophylax ridibundus, pseudepidalea viridis, and xenopus laevis. | the assessments of pesticide toxicity on nontarget organisms have largely been focused on the determination of median lethal concentration (lc50) values using single/laboratory species. although useful, these studies cannot describe the biochemical mechanisms of toxicity and also cannot explain the effects of pesticides on natural species. in this study, the toxic effects of glyphosate and methidathion were evaluated comparatively on early developmental stages of 3 anurans-2 natural (pelophylax ... | 2013 | 23831689 |
| glyconeogenesis and urea synthesis in the toad bufo viridis during acclimation to water restriction. | metabolic consequences of osmotic stress were investigated in the toad bufo viridis. toads were acclimated either to terrestrial conditions in the absence of free water or to being partially immersed in 250 mmol l-1 nacl, which was achieved by gradually increasing the salinity of the bath. this slow acclimation evoked little metabolic response, whereas the immediate osmotic challenge of water restriction resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of urea in the plasma and in liver g ... | 2013 | 9472816 |
| [serotonin inhibits phorbol ester-induced oocyte maturation in the green toad (bufo viridis)]. | the activator of protein kinase c phorbol-12-myristat-13-acetate (pma) induces maturation of the definitive intact (coated with the follicular envelopes) and defolliculated oocytes of the green toad. this effect is more pronounced in case of defolliculated oocytes. the amount of matured oocytes depends on the pma concentration in solution. serotonin (5-ht) inhibits or blocks maturation of the oocytes induced either by progesterone or by pma. a possible mechanism of this effect is discussed with ... | 2013 | 8725438 |
| differential effects of testosterone and 17β-estradiol on gonadal development in five anuran species. | sex hormones are essential for sexual differentiation and play a key role in the development of gonads in amphibians. the goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of exogenous sex steroids, testosterone, and 17β-estradiol (e(2)) on development of gonads in five anuran species differing in their evolutionary positions, sex determination, and mode of gonadogenesis. we found that in two closely related species of fire-bellied toad, bombina bombina and bombina variegata, testosterone and e(2 ... | 2012 | 22641770 |
| a cryptic heterogametic transition revealed by sex-linked dna markers in palearctic green toads. | in sharp contrast to birds and mammals, most cold-blooded vertebrates have homomorphic (morphologically undifferentiated) sex chromosomes. this might result either from recurrent x-y recombination (occurring e.g. during occasional events of sex reversal) or from frequent turnovers (during which sex-determining genes are overthrown by new autosomal mutations). evidence for turnovers is indeed mounting in fish, but very few have so far been documented in amphibians, possibly because of practical d ... | 2011 | 21338434 |
| distribution of major brain gangliosides in olfactory tract of frogs. | gangliosides are major cell-surface determinants in the central nervous system (cns) of vertebrates, found both in neuronal and glial cell membranes. together with cholesterol and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) - anchored proteins, gangliosides are involved in organization of plasma membrane microdomains. based on biochemical studies, frog brain was previously described as having low quantities of gangliosides and their distribution pattern in specific brain regions was unknown. using highly ... | 2011 | 21648321 |
| quantitative recommendations for amphibian terrestrial habitat conservation derived from habitat selection behavior. | conservation scientists have noted that conservation managers rarely use scientific information when making decisions. one of the reasons why managers rarely use scientific information may be that conservation scientists rarely provide their knowledge in a way that can directly be used by conservation practitioners. here we show how quantitative recommendations for conservation can be derived. previous research on terrestrial habitat selection behavior of toads (bufo bufo and bufo viridis) showe ... | 2011 | 22073643 |
| predation of amphibians by carabid beetles of the genus epomis found in the central coastal plain of israel. | the genus epomis is represented in israel by two species: epomis dejeani and epomis circumscriptus. in the central coastal plain these species are sympatric but do not occur in the same sites. the objective of this study was to record and describe trophic interactions between the adult beetles and amphibian species occurring in the central coastal plain of israel. day and night surveys at three sites, as well as controlled laboratory experiments were conducted for studying beetle-amphibian troph ... | 2011 | 21738411 |
| assessment of pollution in road runoff using a bufo viridis biological assay. | road runoff is a major source of environmental pollution, significantly threatening nearby aquatic habitats. chemical analyses indicate high pollutant concentrations in the road's "first flush", but bioassays are more advantageous for addressing the cumulative effects of the numerous pollutants within the runoff. we used bufo viridis embryos and larvae to assess the toxicity of road runoff from two major highways in israel. we show, for the first time, that exposure to midseason runoff not only ... | 2010 | 20828901 |
| a vertebrate reproductive system involving three ploidy levels: hybrid origin of triploids in a contact zone of diploid and tetraploid palearctic green toads (bufo viridis subgroup). | the rise and consequences of polyploidy in vertebrates, whose origin was associated with genome duplications, may be best studied in natural diploid and polyploid populations. in a diploid/tetraploid (2n/4n) geographic contact zone of palearctic green toads in northern kyrgyzstan, we examine 4ns and triploids (3n) of unknown genetic composition and origins. using mitochondrial and nuclear sequence, and nuclear microsatellite markers in 84 individuals, we show that 4n (bufo pewzowi) are allopolyp ... | 2010 | 19863582 |
| comparison of toad venoms from different bufo species by hplc and lc-dad-ms/ms. | toad venom, called chansu in china, has been widely used for the treatment of heart failure, sores, pains, and various cancers for a long time in clinic. | 2010 | 20637273 |
| strong reproductive barriers in a narrow hybrid zone of west-mediterranean green toads (bufo viridis subgroup) with plio-pleistocene divergence. | one key question in evolutionary biology deals with the mode and rate at which reproductive isolation accumulates during allopatric speciation. little is known about secondary contacts of recently diverged anuran species. here we conduct a multi-locus field study to investigate a contact zone between two lineages of green toads with an estimated divergence time of 2.7 my, and report results from preliminary experimental crosses. | 2010 | 20670415 |
| in vitro cardiotoxicity and mechanism of action of the egyptian green toad bufo viridis skin secretions. | amphibian skin secretions are considered a rich source of biologically active compounds and are known to be rich in bufadienolides, peptides and alkaloids. bufadienolides are cardioactive steroids derived from animals and plants as well. the current study was conducted to investigate the influence of skin secretions of the egyptian green toad bufo viridis (ssbv) on the cardiac electrical activity. isolated toad's heart was used to reveal the mechanism of action. application of ssbv (40microg/ml) ... | 2010 | 19825411 |
| [polyploidy and deviations in the gonadal morphology of tetraploid toads, bufo danatensis (amphibia: anura: bufonidae)]. | morphological features of gonads of diploid bufo viridis and tetraploid b. danatensis from 15 localities of ussr (453 spec.) were investigated. females with the rudimentary ovaries were found among polyploid toads from south turkmenia. the toads from tajikistan having the external features of males usually demonstrated a specific kind of lateral gynandromorphism: a single side testes and rudimentary ovaries (with the normal ovarioles). the observed facts are treated either as a result of hybridi ... | 2010 | 1292159 |
| new polymorphic microsatellite markers and development of mitotyping primers for west mediterranean green toad species (bufo viridis subgroup). | we report new polymorphic microsatellites for three species of palearctic green toads (bufo viridis subgroup): 10 in b. balearicus and seven each in b. siculus and b. boulengeri. diversity at these loci, measured for 27 b. balearicus, 23 b. siculus and 11 b. boulengeri, ranged from low to high (two to 10 alleles). mitotyping primers, specific to the control region, which allow fast screening of parapatric sicilian endemic b. siculus and italian mainland-origin b. balearicus, were developed. | 2009 | 21564854 |
| behavior-based scale definitions for determining individual space use: requirements of two amphibians. | understanding individual space use remains a major issue in ecology, and it is complicated by definitions of spatial scale and the interplay of multiple factors. we quantified the effect of habitat and biotic and individual factors on space use by amphibians (bufo bufo spinosus [bb] and bufo viridis [bv]) that were radio-tracked in their terrestrial summer habitat. we analyzed two spatial scales, 50% core areas and 95% home ranges (excluding 50% core areas), thought to represent resting and fora ... | 2009 | 19063672 |
| [comparative analysis of radioprotective properties of some zootoxins]. | comparative study of radioprotective properties of venoms of the honeybee apis mellifera, salamander salamandra salamandra, and toad bufo viridis was performed on a model of the bone marrow form of radiation disease in rats. it has been revealed that after repeated administrations at low doses, all studied venoms produce radioprotective effect. the state of radioresistance has been established to remain for 4 weeks after the end of the venom administration. it has been shown that the revealed ef ... | 2008 | 18767560 |
| phylogeography of a widespread terrestrial vertebrate in a barely-studied palearctic region: green toads (bufo viridis subgroup) indicate glacial refugia in eastern central asia. | the phylogeography of western palearctic species is relatively well studied, but data on eastern central asia are scarce. we present one of the first data sets from a widespread terrestrial vertebrate (bufo pewzowi) inhabiting eastern central asian mountains and deserts to gain knowledge on its phylogeography in this region. we applied combined phylogenetic and demographic analyses to understand the evolutionary history using mitochondrial dna d-loop variation of toads from 37 locations. genetic ... | 2008 | 18301990 |
| [effect of focused ultrasound on the electroreceptor system of skates and certain fish and amphibian tissues]. | the effects of focused ultrasound have been investigated on the structures of electroreceptor system of the black sea skates (raja clavata, dasyatis pastinaca), as well as on the tissues of some other poikilotherms (fishes belone belone and solea lascaris, toad bufo viridis, frog rana temporaria). it was shown that focused ultrasound evokes excitation (onset of impulse activity) when applied to the pore of electroreceptors and inhibition of the activity when applied to the ampulla itself. the da ... | 2008 | 6968488 |
| post-messinian evolutionary relationships across the sicilian channel: mitochondrial and nuclear markers link a new green toad from sicily to african relatives. | little attention has been paid to the consequences of the last landbridge between africa and sicily on mediterranean biogeography. previous paleontological and scarce molecular data suggest possible faunal exchange later than the well-documented landbridge in the messinian (5.3 my); however, a possible african origin of recent terrestrial sicilian fauna has not been thoroughly tested with molecular methods. to gain insight into the phylogeography of the region, we examine two mitochondrial and t ... | 2008 | 18294389 |
| the voltage-dependent chloride current conductance of toad skin is localized to mitochondria-rich cells. | the chloride current across the isolated epithelium from saline-acclimated bufo viridis toads was studied using the extracellular vibrating probe technique. local peak current densities varying between 5 and 100 microa/cm2 were recorded over subpopulation of mitochondria-rich cells, but never over granulosum cells. these local transepithelial currents had characteristics similar to the activated chloride current observed in the whole skin (katz, u. and larsen, e.h. (1984) j. exp. biol. 109, 353- ... | 2008 | 3768357 |
| [the determination of ectodermal derivatives in various species of amphibia]. | the process of labyrinth determination has been studied in amphibians (three urodela and seven anura species) using homoplastic transplantation of ear ectoderm, containing labyrinth material onto the abdominal wall of embryos of the same stage of development. the stage of appearance of organ-specific properties in ear ectoderm was determined and the increase of these properties in the course of development was observed. the frequency of ear vesicles formation, the level of their differentiation ... | 2008 | 2717137 |
| [two new nematode species found in amphibians and reptiles from the north part of fergana valley]. | two new species of nematodes found, in the north of fergana plain (uzbekistan): raillietnema uzbekistanica sp. n. (cosmocercidae) from the horsfields tortoise testudo horstfieldi (testudinidae), and spironoura govacus sp. n. (kathlaniidae) from the green toad bufo viridis (bufonidae). data on infection of r. uzbekistanica sp. n. with predatory fungi in different seasons are given. | 2007 | 14964852 |
| a note on asymmetric use of the forelimbs during feeding in the european green toad (bufo viridis). | european green toads (bufo viridis) were tested for one-sided forelimb lateralisation during prey ingestion, i.e., when pushing food into the mouth. results showed that toads preferentially used their left forelimb to help themselves in the ingestion of living larvae. it is argued that previous failure to reveal lateralisation in tests in which b. viridis toads wiped a foreign object off their snout was due to prevalent activation of grooming behaviour; in contrast, lateralisation seems clear wh ... | 2007 | 17712715 |
| effect of bromocriptine on the larval skin of the green toad, bufo viridis viridis leurenti. | in the premetamorphic larval green toad, b. viridis viridis, as in other anurans, the skin is made up of a fibrous dermis and an epidermis of stratified epithelium. the effects of bromocriptine, an antiprolactin drug, on the premetamorphic skin of b. viridis viridis was examined. bromocriptine, dissolved in rearing water at four different concentrations, induced a number of changes in the skin of treated tadpoles. in rough sequence of appearance, these changes include: retraction ofthe melanocyt ... | 2007 | 17687933 |
| biosystematic study of anura in the markazy province of central iran. | only recently anuran fauna of iran has been studied systematically. in order to study the biosystematics of anuran in the markazy province, 122 specimens were collected from six stations during spring and summer 2004-2005. samples were transferred alive to the zoology laboratory, identified and were preserved. the samples composed of the marsh frog, rana ridibunda and the green toad, bufo viridis. the phenetic studies between populations of the two species, 14 characteristics in frog and 17 char ... | 2007 | 19069937 |
| a metazoan parasitological research of some iraqi amphibians. | the incidence and intensity of metazoan parasites in 3 species of iraqi amphibians were studied. the amphibians were rana ridibunda, bufo viridis and hyla arborea. twenty-four species of helminths were encountered, including 16 trematodes, 1 cestode and 7 nematodes. their respective names are: polystoma integerrimum, prosotocus confusus, p. fuelleborni, pleurogenoides gastroporus, p. medians, sonsinotrema tacapense, opisthioglyphe ranae, haplometra cylindracea, haematoloechus volgensis, h. vitel ... | 2007 | 18224630 |
| [helminths of amphibians of the fergana valley of uzbekistan]. | species diversity and some ecological peculiarities of helminthes parasitizing amphibians in the fergana valley of uzbekistan have been investigated. in 652 examined specimens of amphibians (bufo viridis--237, rana ridibunda--415 specimens), have been found 32 helminth species belonging to 26 genera of 12 families. | 2007 | 15069882 |
| [a shift in prey color preference in the green toad bufo viridis laur. after food satiation]. | in the behavioural experiments when showing simultaneously coloured stimuli (food targets) and also in choosing between two stimuli, red and blue, it had been shown with a high level of reliability that the hungry bufo viridis which had not been fed for at least a week, in the overwhelming majority of cases chose the red-coloured food targets. within 1-3 days after an abundant feeding, in the same animals the changes occurred in their preferences of the prey colour. the percentage of choosing th ... | 2006 | 10368629 |
| evolution of mitochondrial relationships and biogeography of palearctic green toads (bufo viridis subgroup) with insights in their genomic plasticity. | taxa involving three bisexually reproducing ploidy levels make green toads a unique amphibian system. we put a cytogenetic dataset from central asia in a molecular framework and apply phylogenetic and demographic methods to data from the entire palearctic range. we study the mitochondrial relationships of diploids to infer their phylogeography and the maternal ancestry of polyploids. control regions (and trnas between nd1 and nd2 in representatives) characterize a deeply branched assemblage of t ... | 2006 | 16919484 |
| [variation of microsatellites bm224 and bcal7 in populations of green toads (bufo viridis complex) with various nuclear dna content and ploidy]. | we studied variation of microsatellites bm224 and bcal7 in three species of the bufo viridis diploid-polyploid complex. we found that locus bcal7 in all examined samples was monomorphic. three alleles of microsatellite bm224 were found. among tetraploid toads, the western species b. oblongus had only one allele variant, whereas the eastern species b. pewzowi had two other alleles. similar distribution of alleles was observed in triploid specimens, collected in the area borders of tetraploid and ... | 2006 | 16841495 |
| a new type of cell in the larval epidermis of the green toad, bufo viridis viridis. | the flank skin of the premetamorphic stage of the green toad, bufo viridis viridis, was studied by transmission electron microscopy. the skin was typically larval amphibian, made up of a highly fibrous and vascular dermis to the inside and a highly cellular epidermis to the outside with a distinct basal lamina separating the two layers. the epidermis is three-cells thick. the epidermal cells, mostly keratinocytes, are closely packed together and are attached to each other through desmosomes and ... | 2005 | 19058540 |
| the development and fine structure of ultimobranchial glands in larval anurans. ii. bufo viridis, hyla arborea, and rana ridibunda. | a comparative optical microscopic and ultrastructural study on the ultimobranchial (ub) glands of three common species of israeli anurans: bufo viridis, hyla arborea, and rana ridibunda during metamorphosis is presented. the ub glands typically consist of a single follicle with a central lumen, though occasionally secondary follicles are present in hyla and rana. a single ub cell type is found which appears either in a very electron-dense "dark" form or as a less dense "light" form, though the r ... | 2005 | 1201602 |
| multiple origins of tetraploid taxa in the eurasian bufo viridis subgroup. | we used q-banding and analyzed nucleolar organizing regions (nors) to study the cytogenetic evolution of tetraploids within the palearctic bufo viridis subgroup, the only known amphibian complex comprising di-, tri- and tetraploid bisexually reproducing taxa. we examined three diploid (2n) nominal taxa (bufo viridis viridis, b. v. turanensis, b. v. kermanensis) from five eurasian localities and six tetraploid (4n) nominal taxa (b. oblongus, b. o. danatensis, b. pewzowi pewzowi, b. p. taxkorensis ... | 2005 | 16134338 |
| [effects of cortisone administration on thyroid function of bufo viridis larvae]. | 2005 | 13426289 | |
| interindividual variation of isolated muscle performance and fibre-type composition in the toad bufo viridus. | interindividual analyses of physiological performance represent one of the most powerful tools for identifying functional positive and negative linkages between various performance traits. in this study we investigated functional linkages in the whole-gastrocnemius performance of juvenile bufo viridis by examining interindividual variation in in vitro muscle performance and muscle fibre-type composition. we used the work-loop technique to investigate the maximum in vitro power output and fatigue ... | 2004 | 15185115 |
| evidence for chromosome and pst i satellite dna family evolutionary stasis in the bufo viridis group (amphibia, anura). | the west palearctic green toads, bufo viridis , represent a species complex. apart from tetraploid populations, which form at least one separate species, evidence exists for relevant differentiation among diploid populations. we present the results of a chromosomal (c-, ag-nor-, replication pattern, dapi and cma3 banding) and molecular study (isolation and characterization of a satellite dna family) carried out on a number of central asian, european and north african populations. for comparative ... | 2004 | 15505402 |
| the relationship between total sialic acid levels and antioxidant status in the tadpoles of bufo viridis and rana ridibunda ridibunda. | total sialic acid levels (tsa), antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat) and lipid peroxidation (lpo) levels were investigated during the developmental period in tadpoles of the predominantly terrestrial amphibian b. viridis and the predominantly aquatic amphibian r. r. ridibunda. maximum tsa levels were observed in b. viridis and r. r. ridibunda at the fifth and third week of their development, respectively. sod and cat activity variations during develop ... | 2003 | 12910479 |
| effects of season and temperature acclimation on electrocardiogram and heart rate of toads. | electrocardiogram (ecg) was recorded from unrestrained toads of two species, one resistant (bufo viridis) and the other sensitive (b. regularis) to low temperatures. although the temperature-sensitive species could not survive at temperatures below 7-8 degrees c, heart rate is linearly and similarly related to ambient temperature in the two species. in b. viridis, the cold resistant species, heart rate in winter was 25% lower than in summer, and the dependency of heart rate on temperature was re ... | 2003 | 12507610 |
| lateralisation of predator avoidance responses in three species of toads. | lateralisation of responses to presentation of a simulated predator was investigated in three species of toads: two european species (the common toad, bufo bufo, and the green toad, bufo viridis) and one species introduced to australia from south america, the cane toad bufo marinus . first a simulated snake was presented moving rapidly towards the toad in the frontal field of vision and the toad's escape responses, including jumps to the right and to the left, were recorded. no significant bias ... | 2002 | 15513195 |
| species-specificity of amphibia carbohydrate chains: the bufo viridis case study. | the jelly coat surrounding the eggs of amphibia is composed of oviducal mucins and plays an important role in the fertilization process. from a structural and chemical point of view, these jellies are very different from one species to another. bufo viridis is the 13th amphibia species studied in term of carbohydrate structural analysis. the oligosaccharides have been released from the oviducal mucins by reductive beta elimination, purified by various chromatography procedures and analyzed by (1 ... | 2002 | 11814443 |
| [the study of cardiotonic action of green frog poison bufo viridis]. | 2002 | 12070919 | |
| frogs and toads in front of a mirror: lateralisation of response to social stimuli in tadpoles of five anuran species. | tadpoles of five anuran species were tested for preferences in the use of the eyes during inspection of their own visual image in a mirror. when tested in a tank with several small mirrors, tadpoles of five different species (bufo bufo, bufo viridis, rana temporaria, rana esculenta, bombina variegata) preferentially approached and positioned themselves with the mirror located on their left side, thus looking at the image with the monocular field of their left eye. similar results were obtained w ... | 2002 | 12191829 |
| [cardiotropic activity of total bufadienolides from the poison of central asian toad bufo viridis]. | the sum of bufadienolides (bacagin) isolated from the poison of bufo viridis toad occurring in central asia produces a selective strophanthin-k-like action upon the heart function, increasing myocardial contractility, retarding cardiac rhythm, and positively influencing the parameters of myocardial metabolism. the mechanism of realization of the positive ionotropic effect of bacagin is probably related to the ability of increasing the basal level of cytosol calcium at the expense of inhibiting t ... | 2002 | 12449070 |
| preferential limb use in relation to epicoracoid overlap in the shoulder girdle of toads. | we studied left-right asymmetry in forelimb and hindlimb use in green toads (bufo viridis) and fire-bellied toads (bombina bombina) and investigated its possible relationship to the asymmetric structure of the shoulder girdle (epicoracoid overlap) in the latter species. to estimate forelimb use preference we used a modified ''snout-wiping test'' (bisazza et al., 1997) and to estimate hindlimb use preference we used the ''righting response test'' (robins et al., 1998). the position of epicoracoid ... | 2002 | 15513184 |
| histochemical investigations on the secretory cells in the oesophagogastric tract of the eurasian green toad, bufo viridis. | the secretory cells of the oesophagogastric tract of the eurasian toad, bufo viridis, were examined using standard histochemical methods and lectin histochemistry. two goblet cell types were found in the oesophageal epithelium, differing in their morphology and the histochemical features of the secretory granules. these contained mainly acidic glycoconjugates, both sulphated and carboxylated, and a small amount of pepsinogen. type i goblet cells contained stable class-iii mucosubstances, which w ... | 2002 | 12945734 |
| karyological and flow cytometric evidence of triploid specimens in bufo viridis (amphibia anura). | karyological and flow cytometric (fcm) analyses were performed on a group of 14 green toads of the bufo viridis species from seven eurasian populations. both approaches gave concordant results concerning the dna ploidy level. all the populations examined were represented exclusively by diploid or tetraploid specimens, except one, where triploids were found. results evidenced an interpopulation variability in dna content against the same ploidy level, as well as an unusually high number of triplo ... | 2002 | 12152793 |
| [differences in muscle thermostability between diploid and tetraploid species of green toads (bufo viridis complex) of middle asia]. | significant differences were found between diploid (bufo viridis) and tetraploid (b. danatensis) toad species in their skeletal muscle thermostability. the lower muscle thermostability in tetraploids may be associated with the adaptation of b. danatensis to colder conditions of arid mountain area in the middle asia. | 2002 | 12094763 |
| a bisexually reproducing all-triploid vertebrate. | green toads are common in the palaearctic region, where they have differentiated into several taxa. the toads exist with variable amounts of ploidy, similar to other anuran species or reptiles. in vertebrate biology, the very rare occurrence of triploidy is coupled with infertility or unisexuality, or requires the coexistence of individuals of different ploidy in a reproductive community. the reproduction of naturally occurring triploids has been reported to occur only through parthenogenesis, g ... | 2002 | 11836500 |
| selective inhibition of cl(-) conductance in toad skin by blockers of cl(-) channels and transporters. | we compared the effects exerted by two classes of cl(-) transport inhibitors on a cl(-)-selective, passive anion transport route across the skin of bufo viridis, the conductance (g(cl)) of which can be activated by transepithelial voltage perturbation or high camp at short circuit. inhibitors of antiporters (erythrosine, eosin) or cotransporters (furosemide) reduced voltage-activated g(cl) with ic(50) of 6 +/- 1, 54 +/- 12, and 607 +/- 125 microm, respectively; they had no effect on the camp-ind ... | 2001 | 11546659 |
| chloride conductance across toad skin: effects of ionic acclimations and cyclic amp and relationship to mitochondria-rich cell density. | the anionic conductance across toad (bufo viridis) skin was studied using the voltage-clamp technique following long-term (more than 10 days) acclimation to nacl and kcl solutions. the non-specific baseline conductance was approximately 0.6 ms cm(-)(2) and was similar in skins from all acclimation conditions. the voltage-activated cl(-) conductance (g(cl)) was maximal in skins from distilled-water- and kcl-acclimated toads (>3 ms cm(-)(2)) and was greatly reduced following acclimation to nacl so ... | 2000 | 10851120 |
| morphology of the kidney in larvae of bufo viridis (amphibia, anura, bufonidae). | this study deals primarily with the morphology and ultrastructure of the pronephros in the green toad bufo viridis during prometamorphosis when the pronephros and the developing mesonephros function simultaneously. furthermore, the mesonephros was studied during pro- and postmetamorphosis with emphasis on the distal segments of the nephron. the paired kidneys consist of two cranial pronephroi immediately behind the gill region and two more caudal elongated mesonephroi. each pronephros consists o ... | 2000 | 10972968 |
| phylogeny of east asian bufonids inferred from mitochondrial dna sequences (anura: amphibia). | we investigated the relationships of asian bufonids using partial sequences of mitochondrial dna genes. twenty-six samples representing 14 species of bufo from china and vietnam and 2 species of torrentophryne from china were examined. three samples of bufo viridis from armenia and georgia were also sequenced to make a comparison to its sibling tetraploid species b. danatensis. bufo americanus, from canada, was used as the outgroup. sequences from the 12s ribosomal rna, 16s ribosomal rna, cytoch ... | 2000 | 10712847 |
| mitochondria-rich cells in anuran amphibia: chloride conductance and regional distribution over the body surface. | the distribution and density (d(mrc)) of mitochondria-rich cells (mr cells) in skin epithelium, were determined over the whole body surface in nine species of anuran amphibia that live in a variety of habitats. it was found that the more terrestrial species (beginning with hyla arborea) have a higher density of mr cells in their pelvic region. in the skin of aquatic (xenopus laevis) or fossorial (pelobates syriacus) species, d(mrc) is evenly distributed over the whole body surface. in dorsal ski ... | 2000 | 10779739 |
| [dynamics of the intensity of respiration in early embryogenesis of amphibians]. | we studied growth and respiration rate during early ontogenesis of the axolotl ambystoma mexicanum, bosca's newt triturus waltlii, the green toad bufo viridis, and the smooth clawed frog xenopus laevis. the respiration rate in these amphibian species increases during embryonal and larval development, peaks after transition to active feeding, and decreases at later stages of ontogenesis. the patterns of dynamics of this energy metabolism index in tailed and tailless amphibians have some differenc ... | 2000 | 11036669 |
| [homoplastic transplantation of ++cloacal elements in anura amphibians (bufo bufo, bufo viridis, rana esculenta)]. | 1999 | 10765671 | |
| renal response of euryhaline toad (bufo viridis) to acute immersion in tap water, nacl, or urea solutions | 1999 | 10438687 | |
| elevated plasma osmotic concentration stimulates water absorption response in a toad. | the water-seeking behavior (wr) of toads (bufo viridis) was investigated. fully hydrated toads that are allowed free choice of wet or dry filter paper voluntarily and spontaneously select to sit on water-soaked paper at a regular frequency during trials. dehydration of bladder-emptied toads by 14% elicits wr in all animals. injection of aldosterone or angiotensin-i reduced the dehydration threshold to 7% weight loss. wr frequency increased when plasma osmolality was elevated by injection of nacl ... | 1999 | 10404645 |
| effects of aminoperimidine on electrolyte transport across amphibian skin. | the effect of aminoperimidine (ap) on transepithelial na+ transport and cl- conductance (g(cl)) of isolated amphibian skin (bufo viridis and rana esculenta) was analyzed using transepithelial and intracellular electrophysiological techniques. ap, applied at concentrations between 30 and 100 microm from the mucosal side, stimulated na+ transport rapidly and reversibly by more than 30% of the control value due to an increase in apical membrane na+ permeability. influence of ap on basolateral membr ... | 1998 | 9694348 |
| lateralized agonistic responses and hindlimb use in toads. | the recent discovery of forepaw preferences (handedness) in toad species has provided some insight into the evolution of brain lateralization. we tested the prediction that, as in higher vertebrates, visual lateralization and other motor preferences (footedness) also exists in toad species. during feeding periods, south american cane toads, bufo marinus, showed a population bias to strike with the tongue at other toads occupying their left visual field. this is the first demonstration of lateral ... | 1998 | 9790698 |
| stabilizing and directional female choice for male calls in the european green toad. | we analysed variation in three temporal (pulse rate, call and intercall duration) and one spectral (fundamental frequency) acoustic properties of the green toad's, bufo viridis, advertisement call, at different levels, from the single bout of an individual to between populations. independent of the level, pulse rate and fundamental frequency were less variable than intercall and call durations. the former were classified as static, the latter as dynamic properties of the signal. we analysed the ... | 1998 | 9787018 |
| flow cytometric approach to study genome size variation in eurasiatic green toads of the bufo viridis complex. | 1997 | 9859836 | |
| ouabain-sensitive na+,k(+)-atpase activity in toad brain. | toads of the genus bufo are highly resistant to the toxic effects of digitalis glycosides, and the na+,k(+)-atpase of all toad tissues studied to date has been relatively insensitive to inhibition by digitalis and related compounds. in studies of brain microsomal preparations from two toad species, bufo marinus and bufo viridis, inhibition of atpase activity and displacement of [3h]ouabain from na+,k(+)-atpase occurred over broad ranges of ouabain or bufalin concentrations, consistent with the p ... | 1997 | 9406436 |
| lectin binding pattern and band 3 localization in toad skin epithelium and the effect of salt acclimation. | seven lectins were employed to localize glycoconjugates in the skin of a toad (bufo viridis). each of the lectins exhibited a particular, specific and selective binding pattern. peanut lectin (pna) and wga bound to mitochondria-rich (mr) cells, but wga bound also abundantly, in the dermis. band 3-like protein, as indicated by the reaction with polyclonal anti band 3 antibody, was localized exclusively in mr cells. ionic acclimation (200 mmol/l nacl, or 50 mmol/l kcl) affected profoundly the bind ... | 1997 | 9351193 |
| salt and water balance in the toad bufo viridis during recovery from two different osmotically stressful conditions. | toads, bufo viridis, were subjected to two modes of osmotic stress: on soil of water potential approximately 5 atm and continuous partial immersion in 250 mmol/l nacl solution. in both conditions, plasma osmolality was greatly elevated involving a large increase in urea concentration and was maintained hyperosmotic to the external environment. after acclimation to either condition, toads were allowed access to tap water, and the concentrations of body fluids and gross body weight were followed o ... | 1997 | 9185343 |
| pawedness and motor asymmetries in toads. | pawedness was investigated in three species of toads, bufo bufo , bufo viridis , and bufo marinus. samples from natural populations were collected in two successive years and tested during attempts to remove a strip of paper stuck onto the snout ( bufo bufo and bufo viridis ) or during attempts to remove an elastic balloon wrapped around the head ( bufo bufo ). a preferential right forelimb use at the population level was observed in bufo bufo in both tests, whereas no clear pawedness was observ ... | 1997 | 15513053 |
| trypanosoma mega (kinetoplastida) from bufo viridis in siwah oasis, egypt. | a large pleomorphic trypanosome, identified as trypanosoma mega, is described from the toad bufo viridis collected from siwah oasis at the western desert of egypt. the prevalence of the trypanosome is 83.3%. three trypanosome forms are described, small, intermediate and large stumpy form. observations were also made on the lysed (diffused) trypanosomes. this is the first record of t. mega from b. viridis in egypt which represents a new host and new geographical location. the measurements of the ... | 1997 | 9097527 |
| urea and amphibian water economy. | accumulation of urea in the body fluids enables some amphibians to tolerate high ambient salinities (bufo viridis, xenopus laevis, rana cancrivora, ambystoma tigrinum, batrachoseps spp.) or to estivate in soil with low water potentials (scaphiopus spp.). these species are assumed not only to accumulate urea produced in the normal metabolism, but to synthesize urea in response to water shortage. re-examination of the data did not support the view of an osmoregulatory urea synthesis. increased ure ... | 1997 | 9172374 |