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dietary myrtle (myrtus communis l.) improved non-specific immune parameters and bactericidal activity of skin mucus in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings.the present study examined the effects of dietary myrtle (myrtus communis l.) on non-specific immune parameters and bactericidal activity of skin mucus in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. three hundred and sixty fingerlings (6.50 ± 0.55 g (were distributed in twelve cages (65 × 65 × 65 cm) with a metal framework. the study included four treatments repeated in triplicates. the treatments were feeding trouts with experimental diets containing different levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5%) o ...201728330807
physico-cultural parameters during agnps biotransformation with bactericidal activity against human pathogens.production of agnps with desired morphologies and surface characteristics using facile, economic and non-laborious processes is highly imperative. cell extract based syntheses are emerging as a novel technique for the production of diverse forms of nps, and is assured to meet the requirements. therefore, in order to have a better understanding, and to improvise and gain control over the nps morphological and surface characteristics, the present investigation systematically evaluates the influenc ...201728284311
the role of universal stress proteins in bacterial infections.universal stress proteins are ubiquitously expressed in bacteria, archaea and plants and other eukaryotes. a general property of usps is their role in adaptation of bacteria to oxidative stress, high temperature, low ph and/or hypoxia. there is increasing evidence that these proteins facilitate the adaption of bacterial pathogens to the human host environment, thereby facilitating colonisation and pathogenicity. usps in mycobacterium tuberculosis are well studied and may play a role in latency o ...201728120710
a serosurvey of greater sage-grouse ( centrocercus urophasianus ) in nevada, usa.to better understand the potential avian diseases in greater sage-grouse ( centrocercus urophasianus ) in the great basin in nevada, us, we collected 31 blood samples march-april 2014 and tested for antibodies to eight viruses and two bacteria. specifically, sera were tested for antibodies to avian leukosis virus type a, b, and j (alv-a, alv-b, and alv-j, respectively), infectious bursal disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, reticuloendothelial virus, avian influenza virus (aiv), west nile ...201727705104
development of an acid-resistant salmonella typhi ty21a attenuated vector for improved oral vaccine delivery.the licensed oral, live-attenuated bacterial vaccine for typhoid fever, salmonella enterica serovar typhi strain ty21a, has also been utilized as a vaccine delivery platform for expression of diverse foreign antigens that stimulate protection against shigellosis, anthrax, plague, or human papilloma virus. however, ty21a is acid-labile and, for effective oral immunization, stomach acidity has to be either neutralized with buffer or by-passed with ty21a in an enteric-coated capsule (ecc). several ...201727673328
biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by novosphingobium sp. thg-c3 and their antimicrobial potential.the present study described biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) using a bacterial strain novosphingobium sp. thg-c3, isolated from soil, and their application in antibacterial activity. the maximum absorbance values of the synthesized agnps was measured at 406 nm in ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and were mostly spherical in shape with particle size in range of 8-25 nm by field emission transmission electron microscopy analysis. x-ray diffraction pattern corresponding to planes ( ...201727145847
kinneretia thg-sqi4 mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and its antimicrobial efficacy.simple, facile, effective approach for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using kinneretia species and its antimicrobial activity against human pathogens has been demonstrated in this study. kinneretia thg-sqi4 has been isolated from soil sample collected from shangqui, china. the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (uv-vis), field emission transmission electron microscopy (fe-tem), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (edx), elemental mapp ...201728211298
epidihydropinidine, the main piperidine alkaloid compound of norway spruce (picea abies) shows promising antibacterial and anti-candida activity.this study reports for the first time promising antibacterial and antifungal effects of epidihydropinidine, the major piperidine alkaloid in the needles and bark of norway spruce, picea abies (l.) karsten. epidihydropinidine was growth inhibitory against all bacterial and fungal strains used in our investigation, showing the lowest mic value of 5.37μg/ml against pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococcus faecalis, candida glabrata and c. albicans. epidihydropinidine was nearly three times more active ...201728163074
cellulolytic potential of probiotic bacillus subtilis ams6 isolated from traditional fermented soybean (churpi): an in-vitro study with regards to application as an animal feed additive.the aim of the present study is to evaluate the probiotic attributes of bacillus subtilis ams6 isolated from fermented soybean (churpi). this isolate exhibited tolerance to low ph (ph 2.0) and bile salt (0.3%), capability to autoaggregate and coaggregate. ams6 also showed highest antibacterial activity against the pathogenic indicator strain salmonella enterica typhimurium (mtcc 1252) and susceptibility towards different antibiotics tested. the isolate was effective in inhibiting the adherence o ...201727242144
biocontrol of the internalization of salmonella enterica and enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli in mung bean sprouts with an endophytic bacillus subtilis.internalization of salmonella enterica and enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) in seed sprouts poses a health risk to consumers, and the conventional sanitization methods are not always effective to reduce this risk. this study initiated a biocontrol approach to limit the internalization using endophytic bacillus subtilis strains, which were isolated from the inner tissue of mung bean seeds or lettuce stems. by using the deferred agar method, 12 strains of b. subtilis out of 94 putative b ...201728364624
preliminary assessment on potentials of probiotic b. subtilis rx7 and b. methylotrophicus c14 strains as an immune modulator in salmonella-challenged weaned pigs.a total of 40 crossbred weaned piglets (28 days old; [landrace × yorkshire] × duroc) were used for preliminary assessment on potentials of bacillus-based probiotics as an immune modulator in a salmonella typhimurium challenge model in a 3-week experiment. pigs were randomly allotted to four experimental diets according to their initial body weight (9.21 ± 1.1 kg) and sex (10 pigs per treatment; 5 barrows and 5 gilts). the dietary treatments were basal diet (con), basal diet + oral administration ...201728326485
bacterial protein meta-interactomes predict cross-species interactions and protein function.protein-protein interactions (ppis) can offer compelling evidence for protein function, especially when viewed in the context of proteome-wide interactomes. bacteria have been popular subjects of interactome studies: more than six different bacterial species have been the subjects of comprehensive interactome studies while several more have had substantial segments of their proteomes screened for interactions. the protein interactomes of several bacterial species have been completed, including s ...201728298180
evaluation of colonisation resistance in stool of human donors using ex vivo, in vitro and in vivo assays.the indigenous microbiota is the population of microorganisms normally present on the surface and mucosa of an individual, where it performs essential health functions, including the colonisation resistance (cr) against pathogens. to identify the bacteria responsible and the mechanisms involved in the cr, the germ-free (gf) animal model has been used, because in vitro studies cannot always be extrapolated to what occurs in vivo. in this study, ex vivo antagonism assays against seven enteropathog ...201728116929
health survey of free-ranging raccoons (procyon lotor) in central park, new york, new york, usa: implications for human and domestic animal health.we conducted health assessments on 113 free-ranging raccoons ( procyon lotor ) in central park, new york city, us, in february 2010, september 2010, and november 2011 in conjunction with a trap-vaccinate-release program to control a raccoon rabies epizootic. five individuals were sampled at two time points for 118 raccoon examinations in total. we tested 13 of 13 and 8 of 13 euthanized raccoons for rabies and canine distemper virus (cdv), respectively, by antigen testing on brain tissue; all wer ...201728135131
respiration of microbiota-derived 1,2-propanediol drives salmonella expansion during colitis.intestinal inflammation caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium increases the availability of electron acceptors that fuel a respiratory growth of the pathogen in the intestinal lumen. here we show that one of the carbon sources driving this respiratory expansion in the mouse model is 1,2-propanediol, a microbial fermentation product. 1,2-propanediol utilization required intestinal inflammation induced by virulence factors of the pathogen. s. typhimurium used both aerobic and anaerobic ...201728056091
collateral damage: insights into bacterial mechanisms that predispose host cells to cancer.infections are estimated to contribute to 20% of all human tumours. viruses are known to induce cell transformation, but evidence has also linked bacteria, such as helicobacter pylori and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi, to different cancer types. in addition, chlamydia trachomatis, fusobacterium nucleatum and bacteroides fragilis are associated with the development of cancer, although a causal relationship has not yet been established. bacterial effectors such as colibactin an ...201728045107
causes and outcomes of sepsis in southeast asia: a multinational multicentre cross-sectional study.improved understanding of pathogens that cause sepsis would aid management and antimicrobial selection. in this study, we aimed to identify the causative pathogens of sepsis in southeast asia.201728104185
colony fingerprint for discrimination of microbial species based on lensless imaging of microcolonies.detection and identification of microbial species are crucial in a wide range of industries, including production of beverages, foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. traditionally, colony formation and its morphological analysis (e.g., size, shape, and color) with a naked eye have been employed for this purpose. however, such a conventional method is time consuming, labor intensive, and not very reproducible. to overcome these problems, we propose a novel method that detects microcolonies (diam ...201728369067
human α-defensin 6: a small peptide that self-assembles and protects the host by entangling microbes.human α-defensin 6 (hd6) is a 32-residue cysteine-rich peptide that contributes to innate immunity by protecting the host at mucosal sites. this peptide is produced in small intestinal paneth cells, stored as an 81-residue precursor peptide named prohd6 in granules, and released into the lumen. one unusual feature of hd6 is that it lacks the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity observed for other human α-defensins, including the paneth cell peptide human α-defensin 5 (hd5). hd6 exhibits unprece ...201728296382
essential oils against pathogen and spoilage microorganisms of fruit juices: use of versatile antimicrobial delivery systems.essential oils (eo) are increasingly used as natural antimicrobial compounds, however the effect of delivery system to enhance their antimicrobial activity has not been widely studied. limonene (0 to 10 μl/ml) was added to microbial suspensions (∼10(5) cfu/ml) of selected foodborne pathogens (listeria monocytogenes scott a, salmonella enterica typhimurium, escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus), and spoilage microorganisms (lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomyces cerevisiae, and candida albi ...201728071802
a comparative analysis of the lyve-set phylogenomics pipeline for genomic epidemiology of foodborne pathogens.modern epidemiology of foodborne bacterial pathogens in industrialized countries relies increasingly on whole genome sequencing (wgs) techniques. as opposed to profiling techniques such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, wgs requires a variety of computational methods. since 2013, united states agencies responsible for food safety including the cdc, fda, and usda, have been performing whole-genome sequencing (wgs) on all listeria monocytogenes found in clinical, food, and environmental samples ...201728348549
selection for pro-inflammatory mediators produces chickens more resistant to campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter spp. are the second leading cause of bacterial-induced foodborne illnesses with an estimated economic burden of nearly $2b usd per year. most human illness associated with campylobacteriosis is due to infection by c. jejuni and chickens are recognized as a reservoir that could lead to foodborne illness in humans resulting from handling or consuming raw or undercooked chicken. we recently developed a novel breeding strategy based on identification and selection of chickens with an i ...201728339707
molecular architecture of an n-formyltransferase from salmonella enterica o60.n-formylated sugars are found on the lipopolysaccharides of various pathogenic gram negative bacteria including campylobacter jejuni 81116, francisella tularensis, providencia alcalifaciens o30, and providencia alcalifaciens o40. the last step in the biosynthetic pathways for these unusual sugars is catalyzed by n-formyltransferases that utilize n(10)-formyltetrahydrofolate as the carbon source. the substrates are dtdp-linked amino sugars with the functional groups installed at either the c-3' o ...201728263875
enteric pathogens and their toxin-induced disruption of the intestinal barrier through alteration of tight junctions in chickens.maintaining a healthy gut environment is a prerequisite for sustainable animal production. the gut plays a key role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients and constitutes an initial organ exposed to external factors influencing bird's health. the intestinal epithelial barrier serves as the first line of defense between the host and the luminal environment. it consists of a continuous monolayer of intestinal epithelial cells connected by intercellular junctional complexes which shrink the s ...201728208612
in-package inactivation of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria associated with poultry using dielectric barrier discharge-cold plasma treatments.the goal of this study was to test the efficacy of in-package dielectric barrier discharge-cold plasma (dbd-cp) treatment to inactivate poultry-associated spoilage (pseudomonas fluorescens) and pathogenic (salmonella enterica typhimurium, campylobacter jejuni) bacteria. liquid cultures of the bacterial isolates were sealed within packages containing ambient air (trial 1) or modified air (65% o2:30% co2:5% n2; trial 2). the packages were subjected to treatment times ranging from 30 to 180 s, and ...201727885385
antimicrobial resistance of salmonella serovars and campylobacter spp. isolated from an opportunistic gull species, yellow-legged gull ( larus michahellis ).wildlife is a natural reservoir of salmonella and campylobacter, the most important human foodborne pathogens worldwide. free-living birds have the potential to transport, over large distances, such zoonotic bacteria that may harbor antimicrobial resistance traits. on the northeastern iberian coast, we assessed the role of yellow-legged gulls ( larus michahellis ) as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance in salmonella and thermophilic campylobacter isolates recovered from gulls at three colonie ...201727723383
interferon-inducible guanylate-binding proteins at the interface of cell-autonomous immunity and inflammasome activation.guanylate-binding proteins (gbps) are essential components of cell-autonomous immunity. in response to ifn signaling, gbps are expressed in the cytoplasm of immune and nonimmune cells, where they unleash their antimicrobial activity toward intracellular bacteria, viruses, and parasites. recent studies have revealed that gbps are essential for mediating activation of the caspase-1 inflammasome in response to the gram-negative bacteria salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, francisella novicida, ...201727418355
bile acid administration elicits an intestinal antimicrobial program and reduces the bacterial burden in two mouse models of enteric infection.in addition to their chemical antimicrobial nature, bile acids (ba) are thought to have other functions in the homeostatic control of gastrointestinal immunity. however, those functions have remained largely undefined. in this work, we used ileal explants and mouse models of ba administration to investigate the role of ba in the regulation of the intestinal antimicrobial response. mice fed on a diet supplemented with 0.1% chenodeoxycholic acid (cdca) showed an upregulated expression of paneth ce ...201728348052
identification of novel host interactors of effectors secreted by salmonella and citrobacter.many pathogenic bacteria of the family enterobacteriaceae use type iii secretion systems to inject virulence proteins, termed "effectors," into the host cell cytosol. although host-cellular activities of several effectors have been demonstrated, the function and host-targeted pathways of most of the effectors identified to date are largely undetermined. to gain insight into host proteins targeted by bacterial effectors, we performed coaffinity purification of host proteins from cell lysates usin ...201727822540
determination of free polysaccharide in vi glycoconjugate vaccine against typhoid fever.glycoconjugate vaccines based on the vi capsular polysaccharide directed against salmonella enterica serovar typhi are licensed or in development against typhoid fever, an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. quantification of free polysaccharide in conjugate vaccines is an important quality control for release, to monitor vaccine stability and to ensure appropriate immune response. however, we found that existing separation methods based on size are not appropriat ...201728282600
soil type, soil moisture, and field slope influence the horizontal movement of salmonella enterica and citrobacter freundii from floodwater through soil.pathogens in soil are readily mobilized by infiltrating water to travel downward through the soil. however, limited data are available on the horizontal movement of pathogens across a field. this study used a model system to evaluate the influence of soil type, initial soil moisture content, and field slope on the movement of salmonella enterica serovar newport across a horizontal plane of soil under flooding conditions. three soil types of varying clay content were moistened to 40, 60, or 80% o ...201728221887
development of a high-throughput method to evaluate serum bactericidal activity using bacterial atp measurement as survival readout.serum bactericidal activity (sba) assay is the method of choice to evaluate the complement-mediated functional activity of both infection- and vaccine-induced antibodies. to perform a typical sba assay, serial dilutions of sera are incubated with target bacterial strains and complement. the conventional sba assay is based on plating on agar the sba reaction mix and counting the surviving bacterial colony forming units (cfu) at each serum dilution. even with automated colony counting, it is labor ...201728192483
galleria mellonella as an in vivo model for assessing the protective activity of probiotics against gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens.the antagonistic activity against gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens is an important property of probiotic bacteria and a desirable feature for pre-selection of novel strains with probiotic potential. pre-screening of candidate probiotics for antibacterial activity should be based on in vitro and in vivo tests. this study investigated whether the protective activity of probiotic bacteria against gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens can be evaluated using galleria mellonella larvae as an in viv ...201728369512
seeds of the wild progenitor of maize possess bacteria that antagonize foodborne pathogens.endophytes are microorganisms that inhabit plant tissues without causing disease. some endophytes help their hosts to combat pathogens. here we explored the hypothesis that the plant-derived foods consumed by humans and other animals host endophytes that also antagonize foodborne pathogens or food-rotting agents. our laboratory previously cultured a library of bacterial endophytes from different members of the maize/corn family (zea) including wild relatives. here, 190 of these endophytes were s ...201728186422
poultry: the most common food in outbreaks with known pathogens, united states, 1998-2012.as poultry consumption continues to increase worldwide, and as the united states accounts for about one-third of all poultry exports globally, understanding factors leading to poultry-associated foodborne outbreaks in the united states has important implications for food safety. we analysed outbreaks reported to the united states' foodborne disease outbreak surveillance system from 1998 to 2012 in which the implicated food or ingredient could be assigned to one food category. of 1114 outbreaks, ...201727780481
robust growth of avirulent phase ii coxiella burnetii in bone marrow-derived murine macrophages.published data show that murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmdm) restrict growth of avirulent phase ii, but not virulent phase i, coxiella burnetii. growth restriction of phase ii bacteria is thought to result from potentiated recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which leads to production of inhibitory effector molecules. past studies have used conditioned medium from l-929 murine fibroblasts as a source of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (m-csf) to promote different ...201728278296
a survey of zoonotic pathogens carried by non-indigenous rodents at the interface of the wet tropics of north queensland, australia.in 1964, brucella was isolated from rodents trapped in wooroonooran national park (wnp), in northern queensland, australia. genotyping of bacterial isolates in 2008 determined that they were a novel brucella species. this study attempted to reisolate this species of brucella from rodents living in the boundary area adjacent to wnp and to establish which endo- and ecto-parasites and bacterial agents were being carried by non-indigenous rodents at this interface. seventy non-indigenous rodents wer ...201725906923
the locus of heat resistance (lhr) mediates heat resistance in salmonella enterica, escherichia coli and enterobacter cloacae.enterobacteriaceae comprise food spoilage organisms as well as food-borne pathogens including escherichia coli. heat resistance in e. coli was attributed to a genomic island called the locus of heat resistance (lhr). this genomic island is also present in several other genera of enterobacteriaceae, but its function in the enteric pathogens salmonella enterica and enterobacter cloacae is unknown. this study aimed to determine the frequency of the lhr in food isolates of e. coli, and its influence ...201728213040
diffusible substances from lactic acid bacterial cultures exert strong inhibitory effects on listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in a co-culture model.food-borne infections cause huge economic and human life losses. listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis are among the top ranking pathogens causing such losses. control of such infections is hampered by persistent contamination of foods and food-processing environments, resistance of pathogens to sanitizing agents, existence of heterogeneous populations of pathogens (including culturable and viable but non-culturable cells) within the same food items, and inability to ...201728202007
colonization resistance: the deconvolution of a complex trait.carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae are an emerging threat to hospitals worldwide and antibiotic exposure is a risk factor for developing fecal carriage that may lead to nosocomial infection. here we review how antibiotics reduce colonization resistance against enterobacteriaceae to pinpoint possible control points for curbing their spread. recent work identifies host-derived respiratory electron acceptors as a critical resource driving a post-antibiotic expansion of enterobacteriaceae wi ...201728389556
mechanism of action of electrospun chitosan-based nanofibers against meat spoilage and pathogenic bacteria.this study investigates the antibacterial mechanism of action of electrospun chitosan-based nanofibers (cnfs), against escherichia coli, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, staphylococcus aureus and listeria innocua, bacteria frequently involved in food contamination and spoilage. cnfs were prepared by electrospinning of chitosan and poly(ethylene oxide) (peo) blends. the in vitro antibacterial activity of cnfs was evaluated and the susceptibility/resistance of the selected bacteria toward ...201728383516
biological synthesis of gold and silver chloride nanoparticles by glycyrrhiza uralensis and in vitro applications.the current study highlights the rapid biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (gu-aunps) and silver chloride nanoparticles (gu-agclnps) by aqueous root extract of glycyrrhiza uralensis, a medicinal plant. g. uralensis has been reported for anticancer and hepatoprotective effects. the reduction of chloroauric acid and silver nitrate by the glycyrrhiza root extract prompted the formation of gu-aunps and gu-agclnps within 4 and 40 min at 80 °c, respectively. the complete reaction did not require supple ...201728375686
proq/fino-domain proteins: another ubiquitous family of rna matchmakers?small rnas (srnas), particularly those that act by limited base pairing with mrnas, are part of most regulatory networks in bacteria. in many cases, the base-pairing interaction is facilitated by the rna chaperone hfq. however, not all bacteria encode hfq and some base-pairing srnas do not require hfq raising the possibility of other rna chaperones. candidates are proteins with homology to fino, a factor that promotes base pairing between the finp antisense srna and the traj mrna to control f pl ...201728370625
a rapid analysis of variations in conformational behavior during dihydrofolate reductase catalysis.protein flexibility is central to enzyme catalysis, yet it remains challenging both to predict conformational behavior on the basis of analysis of amino acid sequence and protein structure and to provide the necessary breadth of experimental support to any such predictions. here a generic and rapid procedure for identifying conformational changes during dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) catalysis is described. using dhfr from escherichia coli (ecdhfr), selective side-chain (13)c labeling of methion ...201728368101
spasmolytic and antibacterial activity of two citrus sinensis osbeck varieties cultivated in mexico.antibacterial activity on atcc strains of escherichia coli, salmonella enterica, salmonella enteritidis, and salmonella choleraesuis and spasmolytic effect on contraction on rat ileum trips were determinate. eight organic extracts (hexanic and methanolic) of albedo (mesocarp) and flavedo (pericarp) of two varieties (valencian and national) of citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck of yucatán, méxico, were studied. additionally, chromatographic fingerprints were obtained and correlated with their pharmacolo ...201728356916
comparative genomics of transport proteins in probiotic and pathogenic escherichia coli and salmonella enterica strains.escherichia coli is a genetically diverse species that can be pathogenic, probiotic, commensal, or a harmless laboratory strain. pathogenic strains of e. coli cause urinary tract infections, diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and pyelonephritis, while the two known probiotic e. coli strains combat inflammatory bowel disease and play a role in immunomodulation. salmonella enterica, a close relative of e. coli, includes two important pathogenic serovars, typhi and typhimurium, causing typhoid fever an ...201728344124
production of reuterin in a fermented milk product by lactobacillus reuteri: inhibition of pathogens, spoilage microorganisms, and lactic acid bacteria.we assessed the antimicrobial activity of reuterin produced in vitro in glycerol aqueous solutions in situ by lactobacillus reuteri atcc 53608 as part of a fermented milk product against starter (lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and streptococcus thermophilus), spoilage (penicillium expansum), pathogenic (staphylococcus aureus, salmonella enterica ssp. enterica, and listeria monocytogenes), and pathogen surrogate (escherichia coli dh5α) microorganisms. we also assayed the influence of c ...201728342608
molecular mechanism of mrna repression in trans by a proq-dependent small rna.research into post-transcriptional control of mrnas by small noncoding rnas (srnas) in the model bacteria escherichia coli and salmonella enterica has mainly focused on srnas that associate with the rna chaperone hfq. however, the recent discovery of the protein proq as a common binding partner that stabilizes a distinct large class of structured srnas suggests that additional rna regulons exist in these organisms. the cellular functions and molecular mechanisms of these new proq-dependent srnas ...201728336682
detection of brucellosis in sika deer ( cervus nippon ) through loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp).brucellosis (brucella bovis) in sika deer ( cervus nippon ) can cause enormous losses to stag breeding, especially in areas in which stag breeding has become an important industry. it also poses a threat to humans because it is a zoonotic disease. use of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay has been poorly described in the diagnosis of brucellosis in deer. we developed a lamp assay targeting the omp25 gene sequence to detect brucellosis (brucella bovis) in sika deer. the react ...201728318383
inducible spy transcription acts as a sensor for envelope stress of salmonella typhimurium.salmonella enterica infects a broad range of host animals, and zoonostic infection threatens both public health and the livestock and meat processing industries. many antimicrobials have been developed to target salmonella envelope that performs essential bacterial functions; however, there are very few analytical methods that can be used to validate the efficacy of these antimicrobials. in this study, to develop a potential biosensor for salmonella envelope stress, we examined the transcription ...201728316480
bacteriophage sp6 encodes a second tailspike protein that recognizes salmonella enterica serogroups c2 and c3.sp6 is a salmonella phage closely related to coliphage k1-5. k1-5 is notable in that it encodes two polysaccharide-degrading tailspike proteins, an endosialidase that allows it to infect e. coli k1, and a lyase that enables it to infect k5 strains. sp6 is similar to k1-5 except that it encodes a p22-like endorhamnosidase tailspike, gp46, allowing it to infect group b salmonella. we show here that sp6 can also infect salmonella serogroups c2 and c3 and that a mutation in a putative second tailspi ...201728285722
comparative analyses of selection operating on non-translated intergenic regions of diverse bacterial species.non-translated intergenic regions (igrs) comprise 10-15% of bacterial genomes, and contain many regulatory elements with key functions. despite this, there are few systematic studies on the strength and direction of selection operating on igrs in bacteria using whole genome sequence datasets. here we exploit representative whole genome datasets from six diverse bacterial species; staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, mycobacterium tuberculosis, salmonella enterica, klebsiella pneumoni ...201728280056
activation of leuo by lrha in escherichia coli.leuo is a conserved lysr-type transcription factor of pleiotropic function in enterobacteria. regulation of the leuo gene has been best studied in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. its expression is silenced by the nucleoid-associated proteins h-ns and stpa, autoregulated by leuo, and in e. coli activated by the transcription regulator bglj-rcsb. however, signals which induce leuo expression remain unknown. here we show that lrha, a conserved lysr-type transcription regulator, activates ...201728252809
deletion of nudb causes increased susceptibility to antifolates in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica.co-trimoxazole, a fixed-dose combination of sulfamethoxazole (smx) and trimethoprim (tmp), has been used for the treatment of bacterial infections since the 1960s. since it has long been assumed that the synergistic effects between smx and tmp are the consequence of targeting 2 different enzymes of bacterial folate biosynthesis, 2 genes (pabb and nudb) involved in the folate biosynthesis of escherichia coli were deleted, and their effects on the susceptibility to antifolates were tested. the res ...201728223385
enrichment, amplification, and sequence-based typing of salmonella enterica and other foodborne pathogens.detection of salmonella enterica in foods typically involves microbiological enrichment, molecular-based assay, and subsequent isolation and identification of a pure culture. this is ideally followed by strain typing, which provides information critical to the investigation of outbreaks and the attribution of their sources. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is the "gold standard" for s. enterica strain typing, but its limitations have encouraged the search for alternative methods, including whole ...201728221883
drying and decontamination of raw pistachios with sequential infrared drying, tempering and hot air drying.pistachio nuts have been associated with outbreaks of foodborne disease and the industry has been impacted by numerous product recalls due to contamination with salmonella enterica. the current hot air drying of pistachios has low energy efficiency and drying rates, and also does not guarantee the microbial safety of products. in the study described herein, dehulled and water-sorted pistachios with a moisture content (mc) of 38.14% (wet basis) were dried in a sequential infrared and hot air (sir ...201728226285
regulation of nrf operon expression in pathogenic enteric bacteria: sequence divergence reveals new regulatory complexity.the escherichia coli k-12 nrf operon encodes a periplasmic nitrite reductase, the expression of which is driven from a single promoter, pnrf. expression from pnrf is activated by the fnr transcription factor in response to anaerobiosis and further increased in response to nitrite by the response regulator proteins, narl and narp. fnr-dependent transcription is suppressed by the binding of two nucleoid associated proteins, ihf and fis. as fis levels increase in cells grown in rich medium, the pos ...201728211111
prevalence and molecular characterization of mcr-1-positive salmonella strains recovered from clinical specimens in china.the recently discovered colistin resistance-encoding element, mcr-1, adds to the list of antimicrobial resistance genes that rapidly erodes the antimicrobial efficacy of not only the commonly used antibiotics, but also the last line agents of carbapenems and colistin. this study investigated the prevalence of the mobile colistin resistance determinant mcr-1 in salmonella strains recovered from clinical settings in china, and the transmission potential of mcr-1-bearing mobile elements harbored by ...201728193662
self-oligomerizing structure of the flagellar cap protein flid and its implication in filament assembly.flid is a self-oligomerizing structural protein that caps the growing end of the bacterial flagellar filament. flid also plays a key role in the flagellar system by continuously adding a new flagellin protein to the tip of the filament. to structurally characterize flid oligomerization and to provide a flid-mediated flagellin polymerization mechanism, we have determined the crystal structures of flid proteins from escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (ecflid and stflid, r ...201728179186
the mechanism of killing by the proline-rich peptide bac7(1-35) against clinical strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa differs from that against other gram-negative bacteria.pseudomonas aeruginosa infections represent a serious threat to worldwide health. proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (pr-amps), a particular group of peptide antibiotics, have demonstrated in vitro activity against p. aeruginosa strains. here we show that the mammalian pr-amp bac7(1-35) is active against some multidrug-resistant cystic fibrosis isolates of p. aeruginosa by confocal microscopy and cytometric analyses, we investigated the mechanism of killing against p. aeruginosa strain pao1 and ...201728137800
differential attachment of salmonella enterica and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli to alfalfa, fenugreek, lettuce, and tomato seeds.vegetable seeds have the potential to disseminate and transmit foodborne bacterial pathogens. this study was undertaken to assess the abilities of selected salmonella and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) strains to attach to fungicide-treated versus untreated, and intact versus mechanically damaged, seeds of alfalfa, fenugreek, lettuce, and tomato. surface-sanitized seeds (2 g) were exposed to four individual strains of salmonella or ehec at 20°c for 5 h. contaminated seeds were rinsed ...201728130295
biosynthesis, characterization, and bioactivities evaluation of silver and gold nanoparticles mediated by the roots of chinese herbal angelica pubescens maxim.a facile synthesis and biological applications of silver (dh-agnps) and gold nanoparticles (dh-aunps) mediated by the aqueous extract of angelicae pubescentis radix (du huo) are explored. du huo is a medicinal root belonging to angelica pubescens maxim which possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties. the absorption spectra of nanoparticles in varying root extract and metal ion concentration, ph, reaction temperatures, and time were recorded by ultraviolet-visible (uv-vis ...201728097599
bacterium-derived cell-penetrating peptides deliver gentamicin to kill intracellular pathogens.commonly used antimicrobials show poor cellular uptake and often have limited access to intracellular targets, resulting in low antimicrobial activity against intracellular pathogens. an efficient delivery system to transport these drugs to the intracellular site of action is needed. cell-penetrating peptides (cpps) mediate the internalization of biologically active molecules into the cytoplasm. here, we characterized two cpps, α1h and α2h, derived from the yersinia enterocolitica yopm effector ...201728096156
antimicrobial probiotics reduce salmonella enterica in turkey gastrointestinal tracts.despite the arsenal of technologies employed to control foodborne nontyphoidal salmonella (nts), infections have not declined in decades. poultry is the primary source of nts outbreaks, as well as the fastest growing meat sector worldwide. with recent fda rules for phasing-out antibiotics in animal production, pressure is mounting to develop new pathogen reduction strategies. we report on a technology to reduce salmonella enteritidis in poultry. we engineered probiotic e. coli nissle 1917, to ex ...201728094807
the promiscuous suma missense suppressor from salmonella enterica has an intriguing mechanism of action.while most missense suppressors have very narrow specificities and only suppress the allele against which they were isolated, the suma missense suppressor from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a promiscuous or broad-acting missense suppressor that suppresses numerous missense mutants. the suma missense suppressor was identified as a glyv trna gly3(gau/c) missense suppressor that can recognize gau or gac aspartic acid codons and insert a glycine amino acid instead of aspartic acid. in a ...201727974497
a novel cmos image sensor system for quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays to detect food-borne pathogens.loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is considered as one of the alternatives to the conventional pcr and it is an inexpensive portable diagnostic system with minimal power consumption. the present work describes the application of lamp in real-time photon detection and quantitative analysis of nucleic acids integrated with a disposable complementary-metal-oxide semiconductor (cmos) image sensor. this novel system works as an amplification-coupled detection platform, relying on a cmos i ...201727965010
modeling stochastic variability in the numbers of surviving salmonella enterica, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, and listeria monocytogenes cells at the single-cell level in a desiccated environment.despite effective inactivation procedures, small numbers of bacterial cells may still remain in food samples. the risk that bacteria will survive these procedures has not been estimated precisely because deterministic models cannot be used to describe the uncertain behavior of bacterial populations. we used the poisson distribution as a representative probability distribution to estimate the variability in bacterial numbers during the inactivation process. strains of four serotypes of salmonella ...201727940547
metagenomics of two severe foodborne outbreaks provides diagnostic signatures and signs of coinfection not attainable by traditional methods.diagnostic testing for foodborne pathogens relies on culture-based techniques that are not rapid enough for real-time disease surveillance and do not give a quantitative picture of pathogen abundance or the response of the natural microbiome. powerful sequence-based culture-independent approaches, such as shotgun metagenomics, could sidestep these limitations and potentially reveal a pathogen-specific signature on the microbiome that would have implications not only for diagnostics but also for ...201727881416
analysis of pcerc7, a small antibiotic resistance plasmid from a commensal st131 escherichia coli, defines a diverse group of plasmids that include various segments adjacent to a multimer resolution site and encode the same nika relaxase accessory protein enabling mobilisation.the ampicillin resistance plasmid pcerc7, carrying transposon tn2 with an is4 insertion, was detected in the draft genome of a commensal escherichia coli isolate. the genome data also revealed that this isolate belongs to st131, clade b. pcerc7 is 9712bp comprised of a 3319bp backbone, tn2::is4 (6388bp) and 5bp of target site duplication, and was present at a copy number of 40. pcerc7 is related to several plasmids composed of only the backbone, or the backbone with the tn2 insertion in the same ...201727826018
antimicrobial susceptibility and phylotyping profile of pathogenic escherichia coli and salmonella enterica isolates from calves and pigs in minas gerais, brazil.the aims of the present study were to determine (i) the profiles of phylogroup and (ii) the antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic escherichia coli strains isolated from calves, and of salmonella spp. strains isolated from calves and pigs in minas gerais state, brazil. sixty-one pathogenic e. coli strains and salmonella spp. (n = 24) strains isolated from fecal samples of calves and salmonella spp. (n = 39) strains previously isolated from fecal samples of growing/finishing pigs were tested. ...201727709395
comparing nucleic acid lateral flow and electrochemical genosensing for the simultaneous detection of foodborne pathogens.due to the increasing need of rapid tests for application in low resource settings, who summarized their ideal features under the acronym assured (affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free, delivered to those who need it). in this work, two different platforms for the rapid and simultaneous testing of the foodborne pathogens e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica, in detail a nucleic acid lateral flow and an electrochemical magneto-genosensor are presented ...201727599431
contribution of asparagine catabolism to salmonella virulence.salmonellae are pathogenic bacteria that cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. salmonellae establish infection and avoid clearance by the immune system by mechanisms that are not well understood. we previously showed that l-asparaginase ii produced by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s typhimurium) inhibits t cell responses and mediates virulence. in addition, we previously showed that asparagine deprivation such as that mediated by l-asparaginase ii of s typhimu ...201727849183
high-virulence cmy-2- and ctx-m-2-producing avian pathogenic escherichia coli strains isolated from commercial turkeys.this study reports the high-virulence phylogenetic backgrounds of cmy-2- and ctx-m-2-producing avian pathogenic escherichia coli strains isolated from turkeys sent to slaughter and condemned by airsacculitis in brazil. among 300 air sac samples, seven e. coli strains produced plasmid-mediated cmy-2-type ampc, of which three carried also the blactx-m-2 extended spectrum beta-lactamase encoding gene. interestingly, the transfer of the blacmy-2 gene was positive for three e. coli strains, being ass ...201727773543
alterations in ribosomal protein l19 that decrease the fidelity of translation.ribosomal protein l19 is an essential ribosomal protein and is a component of bridge b8, one of the protein-rna bridges linking the large and small ribosomal subunits. bridge b8 also contributes to the accuracy of translation by affecting gtpase activation by ribosome-bound aminoacyl trna-ef-tu•gtp ternary complexes. previous work has identified a limited number of accuracy-altering alterations in protein l19 of salmonella enterica and thermus thermophilus. here, we have targeted the escherichia ...201727477481
detection of a novel qnrb19-carrying plasmid variant mediating decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility in salmonella enterica serovar hadar.thirty salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar hadar isolates of avian origin collected between 2007 and 2010 from chicken carcasses in five geographically spread abattoirs in germany were investigated for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants. four isolates were identified by pcr analysis and hybridization experiments to carry qnrb genes. the isolates were indistinguishable by their xbai macrorestriction patterns and did not exhibit a mutation in the quinolone resistance-determ ...201727404660
roles of two ryhb paralogs in the physiology of salmonella enterica.salmonella has evolved complicated regulatory systems to regulate the expression of virulence determinants that are acquired by horizontal gene transfer in response to various environmental niches. among these, small rna (srna)-mediated regulation exhibits unique features, distinct from those of protein factor-mediated regulation, which may provide benefits for a pathogen coping with the complex stress conditions encountered during host infection. specifically, iron acquisition by this pathogeni ...201727242152
pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations of a 10 mg/kg enrofloxacin intramuscular administration in bearded dragons (pogona vitticeps): a preliminary assessment.enrofloxacin (e) is commonly used in veterinary medicine. it is necessary to perform pharmacokinetic/dynamic studies to minimize the selection of resistant mutants of bacteria and extend the efficacy of antimicrobial agents. eight healthy adult pogona vitticeps were assigned into two groups of equal size and treated with a single intramuscular injection of e at 10 mg/kg. blood samples were withdrawn at different scheduled times for each group, and rectal swabs were collected. e and ciprofloxacin ...201727121980
biofilm-associated bacterial amyloids dampen inflammation in the gut: oral treatment with curli fibres reduces the severity of hapten-induced colitis in mice.a disruption of epithelial barrier function can lead to intestinal inflammation. toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 activation by microbial products promotes intestinal epithelial integrity and overall gut health. several bacterial species, including enteric bacteria, actively produce amyloid proteins as a part of their biofilms. recognition of amyloid fibres found in enteric biofilms, termed curli, by the toll-like receptor (tlr)2/1 complex reinforces barrier function. here, we investigated the effect ...201726855788
bacterial community radial-spatial distribution in biofilms along pipe wall in chlorinated drinking water distribution system of east china.biofilms in the pipe wall may lead to water quality deterioration and biological instability in drinking water distribution systems (dwdss). in this study, bacterial community radial-spatial distribution in biofilms along the pipe wall in a chlorinated dwds of east china was investigated. three pipes of large diameter (300, 600, and 600 mm) were sampled in this dwds, including a ductile cast iron pipe (dcip) with pipe age of 11 years and two gray cast iron pipes (gcip) with pipe ages of 17 and 1 ...201727761636
isolation of escherichia coli and salmonella spp. from free-ranging wild animals.increasing interactions between humans, domestic animals and wildlife may result in inter-species transmission of infectious agents. to evaluate the presence of pathogenic e. coli and salmonella spp. and to test the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates, rectal swabs from 36 different free-ranging wild mammals were taken from two distinct natural sites in brazil: cantareira state park (csp, state of são paulo) and santa isabel do rio negro region (sirnr, state of amazonas). the swabs were ran ...201726691488
a small-scale experiment of using phage-based probiotic dietary supplement for prevention of e. coli traveler's diarrhea.traveler's diarrhea (td) is caused by escherichia coli in 30% of cases. we have developed a phage cocktail for prophylaxis of td caused by e.coli, shigella flexneri, shigella sonnei, salmonella enterica, listeria monocytogenes or staphylococcus aureus, and investigated its effectiveness against infection caused by the non-pathogenic lac (-) strain of e.coli k12 c600 in animal and human trials. on the 6th day of both animal and human trials e. coli k12 c600 strain was detected in titer of 10(4) c ...201726458758
comparative genome analysis of inchi2 vim-1 carbapenemase-encoding plasmids of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica isolated from a livestock farm in germany.carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae are not any more isolated only from human settings, but also from livestock. we reported for the first time the presence of vim-1 carbapenemases in a livestock farm in germany. the vim-1 resistance gene found in these farms was located on inchi2 plasmids. in order to be able to analyse these plasmids in more detail, two different plasmids from a single farm (prh-r27 from salmonella enterica and prh-r178 from escherichia coli) were completely sequenced and ...201726411323
orally administered live attenuated salmonella typhimurium protects mice against lethal infection with h1n1 influenza virus.pre-stimulation of toll-like receptors (tlrs) by agonists has been shown to increase protection against influenza virus infection. in this study, we evaluated the protective response generated against influenza a/puerto rico/8/1934 (pr8; h1n1) virus by oral and nasal administration of live attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, jol911 strain, in mice. oral and nasal inoculation of jol911 significantly increased the mrna copy number of tlr-2, tlr4 and tlr5, and downstream type i inte ...201728284594
macrophage origin limits functional plasticity in helminth-bacterial co-infection.rapid reprogramming of the macrophage activation phenotype is considered important in the defense against consecutive infection with diverse infectious agents. however, in the setting of persistent, chronic infection the functional importance of macrophage-intrinsic adaptation to changing environments vs. recruitment of new macrophages remains unclear. here we show that resident peritoneal macrophages expanded by infection with the nematode heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri altered their activati ...201728334040
rampant infections of bone marrow stem cell niches as triggers for spondyloarthropathies and rheumatoid arthritis.tropheryma whipplei can induce rheumatism mimicking spa or ra, but even more rampant bacterial/viral infections in epiphyseal bones could also contribute to the onset of ra and spa. indeed, as bone marrow stem cell niches are enriched in tregs and myeloid derived suppressor cells, these areas are favourable for the persistence of quiescent viruses and/or dormant bacteria. this review focuses on the possibility that such silent infections of bone marrow stem cell niches might contribute to the pa ...201726886813
identification of invasive salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium st313 in ambulatory hiv-infected adults in mozambique.despite evidence describing the burden of invasive non-typhoidal salmonella (ints) disease in sub-saharan africa, ints is not recognized as a priority within global health policy institutions. recently, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, sequence type (st) 313, has been identified as the predominant cause of ints disease in multiple sub-saharan african countries.201726751031
mcr-1.3: a new mcr variant carried by an incp plasmid in a colistin-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolated from a healthy individual.in this study, we reported a novel mcr-1 gene variant, named mcr-1.3, carried by an incp plasmid in a colistin-resistant salmonella typhimurium from a healthy person. compared with mcr-1, the mcr-1.3 gene contained two snps; one of them resulted in an arginine to histidine variation (arg536->his). the plasmid carrying mcr-1.3 gene was designated pmcr1.3_p053, and was highly similar to a recently discovered mcr-1-bearing plasmid found in klebsiella pneumoniae.201728264851
anti-salmonella activity and probiotic trends of kluyveromyces marxianus s-2-05 and kluyveromyces lactis s-3-05 isolated from a french cheese, tomme d'orchies.kluyveromyces marxianus s-2-05 and kluyveromyces lactis s-3-05 were recently isolated from a traditional french cheese, tomme d'orchies, and characterized here for their advantages using a different application perspective. first, we established their anti-salmonella activity and downregulation of the virulence sopd gene of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium, mainly in the presence of k. marxianus s-2-05. in addition to their antagonism, these non-saccharomyces yeasts were a ...201728366839
prediction of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella , and listeria monocytogenes growth in leafy greens without temperature control.a recent study by the centers for disease control and prevention reported that between 1998 and 2008, leafy greens outbreaks accounted for 22.3% of foodborne outbreaks in the united states. several studies on the growth of bacteria at different temperatures have been conducted; however, there is a need for the prediction of bacterial growth when leafy greens are transported without temperature control. food products, when taken out of refrigeration, undergo a temperature change, with the rate of ...201728221878
pathogen biofilm formation on cantaloupe surface and its impact on the antibacterial effect of lauroyl arginate ethyl.pathogen biofilm at fruit surface may pose a particular risk to food safety. in this study, the biofilms of listeria monocytogenes v7 and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium atcc 13311 on cantaloupe fruit surface were visualized, and the resistance of biofilms against lauroyl arginate ethyl (lae, an antibacterial compound) was evaluated. each bacterium was inoculated on isolated cantaloupe rind surfaces at 10(5)-10(6) cfu/cm(2) and after incubation for 2, 12, 24, and 48 h, the surfaces were ...201728213018
comparative analysis of the bacterial membrane disruption effect of two natural plant antimicrobial peptides.in the medicago truncatula genome about 700 genes code for nodule-specific cysteine-rich (ncr) small peptides that are expressed in the symbiotic organ, the root nodule, where they control terminal differentiation of the endosymbiotic rhizobium bacteria to nitrogen-fixing bacteroids. cationic ncr peptides were predicted to have antimicrobial activities. here antibacterial activities of ncr247, ncr335, polymyxin b (pmb), and streptomycin were investigated and compared on two foodborne pathogens s ...201728167938
promyelocytic leukemia protein (pml) controls listeria monocytogenes infection.the promyelocytic leukemia protein (pml) is the main organizer of stress-responsive subnuclear structures called pml nuclear bodies. these structures recruit multiple interactors and modulate their abundance or their posttranslational modifications, notably by the sumo ubiquitin-like modifiers. the involvement of pml in antiviral responses is well established. in contrast, the role of pml in bacterial infection remains poorly characterized. here, we show that pml restricts infection by the patho ...201728074026
application of a 222-nm krypton-chlorine excilamp to control foodborne pathogens on sliced cheese surfaces and characterization of the bactericidal mechanisms.this study was conducted to investigate the basic spectral properties of a 222-nm krypton-chlorine (krcl) excilamp and its inactivation efficacy against major foodborne pathogens on solid media, as well as on sliced cheese compared to a conventional 254-nm low-pressure mercury (lp hg) lamp. selective media and sliced cheese inoculated with escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes were irradiated with a krcl excilamp and a lp hg lamp at the sam ...201728039742
thermal inactivation and sublethal injury kinetics of salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes in broth versus agar surface.the objective of the present study was to compare the thermal inactivation and sublethal injury kinetics of salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes in broth (suspended cells) and on solid surface (agar-seeded cells). a 3-strain cocktail of s. enterica or l. monocytogenes inoculated in broth or on agar was subjected to heating in a water bath at various set temperatures (55.0, 57.5 and 60.0°c for s. enterica and 60.0, 62.5 and 65°c for l. monocytogenes). the occurrence of sublethally injur ...201728011300
effect of inoculum size, bacterial species, type of surfaces and contact time to the transfer of foodborne pathogens from inoculated to non-inoculated beef fillets via food processing surfaces.the objective of the present study was to determine the factors affecting the transfer of foodborne pathogens from inoculated beef fillets to non-inoculated ones, through food processing surfaces. three different levels of inoculation of beef fillets surface were prepared: a high one of approximately 10(7) cfu/cm(2), a medium one of 10(5) cfu/cm(2) and a low one of 10(3) cfu/cm(2), using mixed-strains of listeria monocytogenes, or salmonella enterica typhimurium, or escherichia coli o157:h7. the ...201727889165
study of the antibacterial activity of electro-activated solutions of salts of weak organic acids on salmonella enterica, staphylococcus aureus and listeria monocytogenes.this work assessed the antibacterial activity of electro-activated solutions of salts of weak organic acids (potassium acetate, potassium citrate and calcium lactate) on salmonella enterica, staphylococcus aureus and listeria monocytogenes. this activity was compared in terms of minimal inhibitory (bactericidal) concentration to the effect of commercial acetic, citric and lactic acid at equivalent titratable acidity. staining live/dead baclight method was used to consider physiological state of ...201727838894
preparation and characterization of agar-based nanocomposite films reinforced with bimetallic (ag-cu) alloy nanoparticles.agar-based active nanocomposite films were prepared by incorporating silver-copper (ag-cu) alloy nanoparticles (nps) (0.5-4wt%) into glycerol plasticized agar solution. thermo-mechanical, morphological, structural, and optical properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized by texture analyzer, differential scanning calorimetry (dsc), scanning electron microscope (sem), x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier transforms infrared (ftir) spectroscopy, and surface color measurement. tensile stren ...201727702525
impact of starch-based emulsions on the antibacterial efficacies of nisin and thymol in cantaloupe juice.the use of antimicrobial compounds to prevent foodborne pathogens from contaminating fresh-cut produce has received broad attentions; however, the applications of these compounds are hindered by their rapid depletion in foods. to prolong their efficacies, the use of delivery systems is essential. in this study, oil-in-water emulsions formed using starch octenyl succinate (starch-os) were used to stabilize nisin and thymol in cantaloupe juice-containing fluid. listeria monocytogenes v7 and salmon ...201727664621
combination of cymbopogon citratus and allium cepa essential oils increased antibacterial activity in leafy vegetables.cymbopogon citratus and allium cepa essential oils (eos) are rich in terpenes and sulfur compounds respectively, both with antibacterial activity and different cell targets, supporting the idea that their combination can increase their efficacy.201727611358
different behavior of enteric bacteria and viruses in clay and sandy soils after biofertilization with swine digestate.enteric pathogens from biofertilizer can accumulate in the soil, subsequently contaminating water and crops. we evaluated the survival, percolation and leaching of model enteric pathogens in clay and sandy soils after biofertilization with swine digestate: phix-174, mengovirus (vmc0), salmonella enterica typhimurium and escherichia coli o157:h7 were used as biomarkers. the survival of vmc0 and phix-174 in clay soil was significantly lower than in sandy soil (it90 values of 10.520 ± 0.600 vs. 21. ...201728197137
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