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correction: castanea sativa (european chestnut) leaf extracts rich in ursene and oleanene derivatives block staphylococcus aureus virulence and pathogenesis without detectable resistance.[this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136486.].201727657727
cytotoxic triterpenoids isolated from sweet chestnut heartwood (castanea sativa) and their health benefits implication.for centuries wood containers have been used in aging of wines and spirits, due to the pleasant flavors they give to the beverages. together with oak, sweet chestnut wood (castanea sativa) have been often used for such purpose. the maturation process involves the transfer of secondary metabolites, mainly phenolics, from the wood to the liquid. at the same time, other metabolites, such as triterpenoids and their glycosides, can also be released. searching for the extractable triterpenoids from sw ...201728363853
the tree drought emission monitor (tree demon), an innovative system for assessing biogenic volatile organic compounds emission from plants.biogenic volatile organic compounds (bvoc) emitted by plants play an important role for ecological and physiological processes, for example as response to stressors. these emitted compounds are involved in chemical processes within the atmosphere and contribute to the formation of aerosols and ozone. direct measurement of bvoc emissions requires a specialized sample system in order to obtain repeatable and comparable results. these systems need to be constructed carefully since bvoc measurements ...201728321263
in vitro activity of a partially purified and characterized bark extract of castanea sativa mill. (enc®) against chlamydia spp.castanea sativa mill (enc®), containing tannins against 33 chlamydia strains, was compared to smap-29 with inhibitory effect against c. trachomatis and c. pneumoniae. the enc® activity against chlamydia spp. was evaluated determining the lowest concentration to achieve more than half reduction of intact chlamydial inclusions versus controls. enc® reduced all chlamydia strains tested at 1 µg/ml, while smap-29 induced reductions of c. trachomatis and c. pneumoniae infectivity at 10 µg/ml. a great ...201728277149
does gnomoniopsis castanea contribute to the natural biological control of chestnut gall wasp?gnomoniopsis castanea has been reported as the causal agent of necrosis of chestnut wasp (dryocosmus kuriphilus) galls. the fungus is frequently observed on galls in chestnut stands infested by the insect in italy. in the present study the impact of gall necrosis and the dynamic of its development have been studied in mature and young castanea sativa stands in central italy during spring and early summer, before the d. kuriphilus adult flies. results suggest that gall necrosis develops from resi ...201728007215
castanea sativa mill. bark extract protects u-373 mg cells and rat brain slices against ischemia and reperfusion injury.ischemic brain injury is one of the most important causes of death worldwide. the use of one-drug-multi-target agents based on natural compounds is a promising therapeutic option for cerebral ischemia due to their pleiotropic properties. this study assessed the neuroprotective properties of castanea sativa mill. bark extract (enc) in human astrocytoma u-373 mg cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion and rat cortical slices subjected to ischemia-like conditions or treated wi ...201727739104
the castanea sativa bur as a new potential ingredient for nutraceutical and cosmetic outcomes: preliminary studies.chestnuts are a common food product in mediterranean countries, being recognized also for their beneficial effects on human health. nevertheless, during processing, these fruits generate a large amount of food by-products, such as shells and burs. in the present work, the macronutrient composition, vitamin e profile and amino acid content of the burs were determined in samples from three different portuguese regions (minho, trás-os-montes and beira-alta). the nutritional composition was similar ...201727990543
new formulation and delivery method of cryphonectria parasitica for biological control of chestnut blight.this study aimed to develop a new formulation of cryphonectria parasitica hypovirulent mycelium suitable for inoculations of tall trees from the ground. cryphonectria parasitica hypovirulent strains are widely used for biological control of chestnut blight. however, it is often inconsistent and ineffective not only for biological reasons but also because the current manual application of hypovirulent strains on adult plants is difficult, time-consuming and expensive. here, we propose an improved ...201727748552
novel resistance measurement method: analysis of accuracy and thermal dependence with applications in fiber materials.material resistance is important since different physicochemical properties can be extracted from it. this work describes a novel resistance measurement method valid for a wide range of resistance values up to 100 gω at a low powered, small sized, digitally controlled and wireless communicated device. the analog and digital circuits of the design are described, analysing the main error sources affecting the accuracy. accuracy and extended uncertainty are obtained for a pattern decade box, showin ...201627983652
morphological characterization and chemical composition
of fruits of the traditional croatian chestnut variety
'lovran marron'.'lovran marron' is the only known traditional croatian variety of the sweet chestnut. the objective of this study is to specify qualitative and quantitative morphological characteristics and to analyze the chemical composition of the 'lovran marron' fruits as well as to compare them to marušnjak fruits (trees from the 'lovran marron' seed) and fruits from the local natural sweet chestnut population. seven morphological characteristics were measured: fruit mass, height, width and thickness, scar ...201627904409
comments on the morphology and biology of pammene castanicola trematerra & clausi, 2009 (lepidoptera: tortricidae: grapholitini).many insects are reported to damage cultivated chestnut (castanea sativa mill.; fagaceae) in italy, but the most important pests of chestnut fruits are weevils (curculio elephas gyll. and curculio glandium marsh.; curculionidae) and tortricid moths (pammene and cydia; tortricidae) (pollini, 1998, speranza, 1999). the larvae of the tortricid pests develop internally, tunnelling in the fruits and eating the endocarp (rotundo et al. 1991), which significantly reduces nut quality and commercial valu ...201627701328
nutritional characteristics and quality of eggs from laying hens fed on a diet supplemented with chestnut tannin extract (castanea sativa miller).the trial was performed with 80 laying hens belonging to two tuscan autochthonous breeds: 40 birds of the mugellese (mu) breed and 40 of the white leghorn (wl) breed. the animals were allotted to 4 groups of individually caged 20 hens each: two groups were fed on a commercial diet and worked as the control groups (muc and wlc); the other two groups received the same diet, integrated with 2 g of chestnut tannin (ct) extract per kg of diet (mut and wlt). a sample of 70 eggs were randomly collected ...201627636857
a comparative study of the antihyaluronidase, antiurease, antioxidant, antimicrobial and physicochemical properties of different unifloral degrees of chestnut (castanea sativa mill.) honeys.this study was planned to investigate some physicochemical and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial properties of three different degrees of unifloral characters of chestnut honeys. antihyaluronidase, antiurease and antimicrobial activities were evaluated as anti-inflammatory characteristics. total phenolic contents, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic profiles, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (frap), scavenging activities of 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (abts(+)) a ...201627440492
common trends in elements? within- and between-tree variations of wood-chemistry measured by x-ray fluorescence - a dendrochemical study.element composition of annually resolved tree-rings constitutes a promising biological proxy for reconstructions of environmental conditions and pollution history. however, several methodological and physiological issues have to be addressed before sound conclusions can be drawn from dendrochemical time series. for example, radial and vertical translocation processes of elements in the wood might blur or obscure any dendrochemical signal. in this study, we tested the degree of synchronism of ele ...201627267719
hydrolyzable tannins from sweet chestnut fractions obtained by a sustainable and eco-friendly industrial process.sweet chestnut (castanea sativa mill.) wood extracts, rich in hydrolyzable tannins (hts), are traditionally used in the tanning and textile industries, but recent studies suggest additional uses. the aim of this work is the hplc-dad-esi-ms characterization of sweet chestnut aqueous extracts and fractions obtained through a membrane separation technology system without using other solvents, and the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiradical activities. total tannins range between 2.7 and 138 ...201627169194
chestnut and lemon balm based ingredients as natural preserving agents of the nutritional profile in matured "serra da estrela" cheese.chestnut flowers, lemon balm plants and their decoctions were incorporated into "serra da estrela" cheese, to assess their potential to preserve its nutritional properties and provide new foodstuffs. the analyses were carried out after the normal ripening period of 1month and after 6months of storage. the most abundant nutrients were proteins and fats. the most abundant minerals were ca and na, while c16:0 and c18:1 were the main fatty acids. saturated fatty acids were the most abundant, followe ...201626988492
spectroscopy analysis of phenolic and sugar patterns in a food grade chestnut tannin.tannin of chestnut (castanea sativa mill.) wood, commonly used in winemaking was characterised with a spectroscopy qualitative approach that revealed its phenolic composition: several vibrational diagnostic bands assigned using the attenuated total reflectance-infrared spectroscopy, and fragmentation patterns obtained using the laser-desorption-ionization time-of-flight technique evidenced polygalloylglucose, e.g. castalagin/vescalagin-like structures as the most representative molecules, togeth ...201626948634
airborne castanea pollen forecasting model for ecological and allergological implementation.castanea sativa miller belongs to the natural vegetation of many european deciduous forests prompting impacts in the forestry, ecology, allergological and chestnut food industry fields. the study of the castanea flowering represents an important tool for evaluating the ecological conservation of north-western spain woodland and the possible changes in the chestnut distribution due to recent climatic change. the castanea pollen production and dispersal capacity may cause hypersensitivity reaction ...201626802339
potential of ultrasonic pulse velocity for evaluating the dimensional stability of oak and chestnut wood.the objective of this study was to examine the potential of ultrasonic velocity as a rapid and nondestructive method to predict the dimensional stability of oak (quercus petraea (mattuschka) lieblein) and chestnut (castanea sativa mill.) that are commonly used in flooring industry. ultrasonic velocity, specific gravity, and radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkages were measured on seventy-four 20×20×30-mm(3) specimens obtained from freshly cut oak and chestnut stems. the ultrasonic velocitie ...201626678790
betaines and related ammonium compounds in chestnut (castanea sativa mill.).chestnut fruits, being poor of simple sugars and consisting mainly of fibers and starch, are among the constituents of mediterranean diet. while numerous studies report on content of proteins and amino acids in chestnut, no one has appeared so far on betaines, an important class of nitrogen compounds ubiquitous in plants for their protective action in response to abiotic stress. in this study, we analyzed by hplc-esi-tandem mass spectrometry, in fruits and flours of varieties of chestnut cultiva ...201626593620
neuroprotective effects of castanea sativa mill. bark extract in human neuroblastoma cells subjected to oxidative stress.one of the major features of neurodegenerative disease is the selective vulnerability of different neuronal populations that are affected in a progressive and often stereotyped manner. despite the susceptible neuronal population varies between diseases, oxidative stress is implicated as the major pathogenic process in all of them. natural extract of castanea sativa mill. bark (enc), recently characterized in its phenolic composition, acts as antioxidant and cardioprotective agent. its neuroprote ...201626240013
starch characterization in seven raw, boiled and roasted chestnuts (castanea sativa mill.) cultivars from portugal.changes occurring in seven chestnut (castanea sativa sp.) cultivars, caused by boiling and roasting, on starch content, cell and starch granules dimension were evaluated, and morphological changes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. three clear patterns of variation were detected after processing, namely: i) decrease of starch content with processing; ii) starch increase with the applied treatments; iii) increase of starch with boiling and decrease with roasting. starch granules ...201626787954
gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi causes chestnut canker symptoms in castanea sativa shoots in switzerland.a screening of castanea sativa scions for grafting for the presence of endophytes showed that the opportunistic fungal pathogen gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi was the most abundant member of the endophytic flora. this fungus is known as a pathogen affecting chestnut fruits in italy and australia. here, we present evidence that it causes cankers very similar to the ones due to cryphonectria parasitica infection on twigs and scions of chestnut trees. we found natural infections of g. smithogilvyi in he ...201626768710
occurrence and transmission of mycovirus cryphonectria hypovirus 1 from dejecta of thyreophagus corticalis (acari, acaridae).the natural spread of virus-induced hypovirulence is highly involved in the recovery of blighted chestnut stands and orchards in italy and in europe. the potential role of corticolous mites as vectors of hypovirulence in blighted chestnut castanea sativa (mill.) stands was pointed out in previous reports. here, by using rt-pcr, mycovirus cryphonectria hypovirus (chv1) was detected in thyreophagus corticalis mites reared on a hypovirulent strain in monoxenic cultures and in their faecal pellets. ...201626895863
phenol-rich compounds sweet gel: a statistically more effective antibiotic than cloxacillin against pseudomonas aeruginosa.the purpose of this study was to obtain a natural antibiotic from phenol-rich compounds; for the dressing and the treatment of chronic wounds.201627695634
fatty acid and proximate composition of bee bread.palynological spectrum, proximate and fatty acid (fa) composition of eight bee bread samples of different botanical origins were examined and significant variations were observed. the samples were all identified as monofloral, namely castanea sativa (94.4%), trifolium spp. (85.6%), gossypium hirsutum (66.2%), citrus spp. (61.4%) and helianthus annuus (45.4%). each had moisture content between 11.4 and 15.9%, ash between 1.9 and 2.54%, fat between 5.9 and 11.5%, and protein between 14.8 and 24.3% ...201628115909
hpce quantification of 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine in genomic dna: methodological optimization for chestnut and other woody species.quantification of deoxynucleosides using micellar high-performance capillary electrophoresis (hpce) is an efficient, fast and inexpensive evaluation method of genomic dna methylation. this approach has been demonstrated to be more sensitive and specific than other methods for the quantification of dna methylation content. however, effective detection and quantification of 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine depend of the sample characteristics. previous works have revealed that in most woody species, the ...201618538578
anti-aging potential of phytoextract loaded-pharmaceutical creams for human skin cell longetivity.the exposure to ultraviolet radiations (uvr) is the key source of skin sunburn; it may produce harmful entities, reactive oxygen species (ros), leading to aging. the skin can be treated and protected from the injurious effects of ros by using various pharmaceutical formulations, such as cream. cream can be loaded with antioxidants to quench ros leading to photo-protective effects. moreover, modern medicines depend on ethnobotanicals for protection or treatment of human diseases. this review arti ...201526448818
using dna metabarcoding to identify the floral composition of honey: a new tool for investigating honey bee foraging preferences.identifying the floral composition of honey provides a method for investigating the plants that honey bees visit. we compared melissopalynology, where pollen grains retrieved from honey are identified morphologically, with a dna metabarcoding approach using the rbcl dna barcode marker and 454-pyrosequencing. we compared nine honeys supplied by beekeepers in the uk. dna metabarcoding and melissopalynology were able to detect the most abundant floral components of honey. there was 92% corresponden ...201526308362
castanea sativa (european chestnut) leaf extracts rich in ursene and oleanene derivatives block staphylococcus aureus virulence and pathogenesis without detectable resistance.the mediterranean is home to a rich history of medical traditions that have developed under the influence of diverse cultures over millennia. today, many such traditions are still alive in the folk medical practices of local people. investigation of botanical folk medicines used in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections led us to study castanea sativa (european chestnut) for its potential antibacterial activity. here, we report the quorum sensing inhibitory activity of refined and chem ...201526295163
dietary effects of oregano (origanum vulgaris l.) plant or sweet chestnut (castanea sativa mill.) wood extracts on microbiological, chemico-physical characteristics and lipid oxidation of cooked ham during storage.the aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary effect of feeding pigs with diets enriched with sweet chestnut wood (castanea sativa mill.) or oregano (origanum vulgaris l.) extract on the microbiological and chemical characteristics of cooked pork ham. three groups of 10 pigs were fed with a control diet (ctrl), with the ctrl diet enriched with 0.2% of oregano extract (or) and with the ctrl diet enriched with 0.2% of sweet chestnut wood extract (scw), respectively. six cooked hams per group w ...201527800421
promising new applications of castanea sativa shell: nutritional composition, antioxidant activity, amino acids and vitamin e profile.the present study was aimed to assess the macronutrient composition and the amino acid and vitamin e profiles of castanea sativa shell from different production regions of portugal (minho, trás-os-montes and beira-alta). the nutritional composition was similar for all samples, with a high moisture content and low fat amounts. arginine and leucine were the predominant essential amino acids (eaa) accounting for 3.55-7.21% and 1.59-2.08%, respectively, for samples of the different production zones. ...201526190821
responses of primary production, leaf litter decomposition and associated communities to stream eutrophication.we assessed the eutrophication effects on leaf litter decomposition and primary production, and on periphytic algae, fungi and invertebrates. according to the subsidy-stress model, we expected that when algae and decomposers were nutrient limited, their activity and diversity would increase at moderate levels of nutrient enrichment, but decrease at high levels of nutrients, because eutrophication would lead to the presence of other stressors and overwhelm the subsidy effect. chestnut leaves (cas ...201525797823
protective effect of c. sativa leaf extract against uv mediated-dna damage in a human keratinocyte cell line.toxic effects of ultraviolet (uv) radiation on skin include protein and lipid oxidation, and dna damage. the latter is known to play a major role in photocarcinogenesis and photoaging. many plant extracts and natural compounds are emerging as photoprotective agents. castanea sativa leaf extract is able to scavenge several reactive species that have been associated to uv-induced oxidative stress. the aim of this work was to analyze the protective effect of c. sativa extract (ecs) at different con ...201525686820
diversity of cryphonectria parasitica populations from the carpathian basin.the ascomycetous fungus cryphonectria parasitica (murr.) is one of the most important fungal pathogens of chestnut (castanea sativa mill.), causing chestnut blight. it is originated from eastern asia and was introduced into north america, and later into europe. almost 100 c. parasitica isolates were collected mainly from the carpathian basin to study their diversity and phylogenetic relationships. three nuclear molecular markers were tested: (i) internal transcribed spacers (its), (ii) translati ...201526551568
interaction between two invasive organisms on the european chestnut: does the chestnut blight fungus benefit from the presence of the gall wasp?the impact of invasive fungal pathogens and pests on trees is often studied individually, thereby omitting possible interactions. in this study the ecological interaction between the chestnut blight fungus cryphonectria parasitica and the chestnut gall wasp dryocosmus kuriphilus was investigated. we determined if abandoned galls could be colonized by c. parasitica and thereby act as an entry point and a source of pathogen inoculum. moreover we assessed the identity and diversity of other gall-co ...201526472577
upgrade of castanea sativa (mill.) genetic resources by sequencing of barcode markers. 201526440095
tree diversity limits the impact of an invasive forest pest.the impact of invasive herbivore species may be lower in more diverse plant communities due to mechanisms of associational resistance. according to the "resource concentration hypothesis" the amount and accessibility of host plants is reduced in diverse plant communities, thus limiting the exploitation of resources by consumers. in addition, the "natural enemy hypothesis" suggests that richer plant assemblages provide natural enemies with more complementary resources and habitats, thus promoting ...201526360881
dietary effects of a mix derived from oregano (origanum vulgare l.) essential oil and sweet chestnut (castanea sativa mill.) wood extract on pig performance, oxidative status and pork quality traits.the effects of a pre-formulated commercial plant extract mix, composed of equal parts of oregano essential oil and sweet chestnut wood extract, on performance, oxidative status and pork quality traits were evaluated. in two 155-d studies, 60 pigs (mean liveweight: 42.9 kg) were assigned to either a control diet (ctr) or an identical diet supplemented (0.2%) with the plant extract mix (oc). no differences in the growth rate were observed. glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activitie ...201525454470
chestnut, european (castanea sativa).development of a system for direct transfer of antifungal candidate genes into european chestnut (castanea sativa) would provide an alternative approach to conventional breeding for production of chestnut trees that are tolerant to ink disease caused by phytophthora spp. overexpression of genes encoding pr proteins (such as thaumatin-like proteins), which display antifungal activity, may represent an important advance in control of the disease. we have used a chestnut thaumatin-like protein gene ...201525416257
castanea sativa by-products: a review on added value and sustainable application.castanea sativa mill. is a species of the family fagaceae abundant in south europe and asia. the fruits (chestnut) are an added value resource in producing countries. chestnut economic value is increasing not only for nutritional qualities but also for the beneficial health effects related with its consumption. during chestnut processing, a large amount of waste material is generated namely inner shell, outer shell and leaves. studies on chestnut by-products revealed a good profile of bioactive ...201525204784
models to predict the start of the airborne pollen season.aerobiological data can be used as indirect but reliable measures of flowering phenology to analyze the response of plant species to ongoing climate changes. the aims of this study are to evaluate the performance of several phenological models for predicting the pollen start of season (pss) in seven spring-flowering trees (alnus glutinosa, acer negundo, carpinus betulus, platanus occidentalis, juglans nigra, alnus viridis, and castanea sativa) and in two summer-flowering herbaceous species (arte ...201525234751
soil dna pyrosequencing and fruitbody surveys reveal contrasting diversity for various fungal ecological guilds in chestnut orchards.fungal diversity in mediterranean forest soils is poorly documented, particularly when considering saprobic and pathogenic organisms. next-generation sequencing (ngs) methods applied to soil fungi provide the opportunity to unveil the most inconspicuous functional guilds (e.g. saprobes) and life forms (e.g. corticiaceae) of this tremendous diversity. we used fruitbody surveys over 2 years and soil 454 metabarcoding in castanea sativa orchards to evaluate respectively the reproductive (fruitbodie ...201526391727
characterization of an antioxidant surfactant-free topical formulation containing castanea sativa leaf extract.inclusion of antioxidants in topical formulations can contribute to minimize oxidative stress in the skin, which has been associated with photoaging, several dermatosis and cancer.201524188328
thyreophagus corticalis as a vector of hypovirulence in cryphonectria parasitica in chestnut stands.the natural spread of hypovirulence in cryphonectria parasitica (murr.) barr. occurs in chestnut (castanea sativa mill) stands and orchards in italy and other european countries, leading to spontaneous recovery of the diseased trees. little is known about how hypovirulence spreads in chestnut stands but various corticolous mite species frequently detected on chestnut cankers could be one of the many factors playing a role in the spread. artificial virulent cankers created in inoculation field te ...201424114335
optimization of a surfactant-free antioxidant formulation using response surface methodology.topical application of natural antioxidants has proven to be effective in protecting the skin against ultraviolet radiation-mediated oxidative damage. in previous studies, a castanea sativa leaf ethanol:water (7:3) extract exhibited scavenging activity against different reactive oxygen species that are thought to contribute to oxidative damage in the skin. its stability was shown to be enhanced in the presence of glycerine, and therefore a glycerine-based formulation with carbopol 940 and liquid ...201423336810
contribution of botanical origin and sugar composition of honeys on the crystallization phenomenon.the present work provides information regarding the statistical relationships among the palynological characteristics, sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, melezitose and maltose), moisture content and sugar ratios (f+g, f/g and g/w) of 136 different honey types (including bramble, chestnut, eucalyptus, heather, acacia, lime, rape, sunflower and honeydew). results of the statistical analyses (multiple comparison bonferroni test, spearman rank correlations and principal components) revealed the va ...201424295680
erythrocytes and cell line-based assays to evaluate the cytoprotective activity of antioxidant components obtained from natural sources.oxidative stress can damage cellular components including dna, proteins or lipids, and may cause several skin diseases. to protect from this damage and addressing consumer's appeal to natural products, antioxidants obtained from algal and vegetal extracts are being proposed as antioxidants to be incorporated into formulations. thus, the development of reliable, quick and economic in vitro methods to study the cytoactivity of these products is a meaningful requirement. a combination of erythrocyt ...201424134852
partial structural characterization and antioxidant activity of a phenolic-xylan from castanea sativa hardwood.4-o-methylglucuronoxylans (mgx) were isolated from chestnut wood sawdust using two different procedures: chlorite delignification followed by the classical alkaline extraction step, and an unusual green chemistry process of delignification using phthalocyanine/h2o2 followed by a simple extraction with hot water. antioxidant properties of both mgx were evaluated against the stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) by electronic spin resonance (esr). ic50 of water-extracted mgx was foun ...201425043130
calcaridorylaimus castaneae sp. n. (nematoda, dorylaimidae) from bulgaria with an identification key to the species of the genus.an unknown species belonging to the genuscalcaridorylaimus andrássy, 1986 was collected from the litter of broadleaf forests dominated by castanea sativa mill. and mixed with quercus daleshampii ten. and fagus sylvatica l. on belasitsa mountain, south-western bulgaria. calcaridorylaimus castaneae sp. n. is characterised by its long body (1.4-2.1 mm), lip region practically not offset, vulva transverse, short odontostyle (14.5-16 μm) and tail (75.5-110.5 μm, c=14.7-23.6; c'=2.9-4.4) in females an ...201424899849
pollen diversity and volatile variability of honey from corsican anthyllis hermanniae l. habitat.melissopalynological, physicochemical, and volatile analyses of 29 samples of corsican 'summer maquis' honey were performed. the pollen spectrum was characterized by a wide diversity of nectariferous and/or polleniferous taxa. the most important were anthyllis hermanniae and rubus sp., associated with some endemic taxa. castanea sativa was also determined in these honeys with a great variation. the volatile fraction was characterized by 37 compounds and dominated by phenolic aldehydes and linear ...201425491334
physicochemical properties of honey from marche, central italy: classification of unifloral and multifloral honeys by multivariate analysis.the purpose of this study was the physicochemical characterization and classification of italian honey from marche region with a chemometric approach. a total of 135 honeys of different botanical origins [acacia (robinia pseudoacacia l.), chestnut (castanea sativa), coriander (coriandrum sativum l.), lime (tilia spp.), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), metcalfa honeydew and multifloral honey] were considered. the average results of electrical conductivity (0.14-1.45 ms cm(-1)), ph (3.89-5.42), f ...201425532290
tannin analysis of chestnut bark samples (castanea sativa mill.) by hplc-dad-ms.in the present investigation, an hplc-dad/esi-ms method for the complete analysis of tannins and other phenolic compounds of different commercial chestnut bark samples was developed. a total of seven compounds (vescalin, castalin, gallic acid, vescalagin, 1-o-galloyl castalagin, castalagin and ellagic acid) were separated and quantified, being 1-o-galloyl castalagin tentatively identified and found for the first time in chestnut bark samples. thus, this method provided information regarding the ...201424679783
effects of long-term supplementation of chestnut and valonea extracts on methane release, digestibility and nitrogen excretion in sheep.the long-term effects of adding chestnut (che; castanea sativa) and valonea (val; quercus valonea) tannin-rich extracts to sheep feed were investigated. in experiment 1, sheep (65 kg bw) were fed 842 g/day of a ryegrass-based hay. the control-treated animals (con) received 464 g/day of concentrate, and tannin-treated animals received the same amount of concentrate additionally containing 20 g of the respective tannin-rich extract. hay and concentrates were offered together in one meal. after the ...201424679509
castanea sativa mill. extract contracts gallbladder and relaxes sphincter of oddi in guinea pig: a natural approach to biliary tract motility disorders.impaired gallbladder motility is a contributing factor to gallstone formation. since many drugs delaying intestinal motility inhibit gallbladder emptying, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect on gallbladder and sphincter of oddi motility of a natural chestnut wood extract (nec) that reduces intestinal motility. in order to evaluate the effect of the extract in normal- and high-risk gallstone conditions, the investigation was performed using tissues from animals fed normal and ...201424654975
survey of italian honeys for the presence of foreign matter using the filth test.honey is an ancient food that has always been considered a natural and healthy product, free of contaminants. however, it can contain toxic substances, such as antibiotics, pesticides and heavy metals, as well as foreign matter (e.g. arthropod body parts and microbial contaminants), working as allergens and vectors of human pathogens. in this study we used the filth test to evaluate the abundance of foreign matter in 70 italian honeys, including castanea sativa, robinia pseudoacacia and multi-fl ...201424512355
scientifically advanced solutions for chestnut ink disease.on the north regions of portugal and spain, the castanea sativa mill. culture is extremely important. the biggest productivity and yield break occurs due to the ink disease, the causal agent being the oomycete phytophthora cinnamomi. this oomycete is also responsible for the decline of many other plant species in europe and worldwide. p. cinnamomi and phytophthora cambivora are considered, by the generality of the authors, as the c. sativa ink disease causal agents. most phytophthora species sec ...201424622889
dynamics of cryphonectria hypovirus infection in chestnut blight cankers.virulent strains of the chestnut blight fungus cryphonectria parasitica cause lethal bark cankers on chestnut trees. infection of c. parasitica with cryphonectria hypovirus 1 in europe biologically controls this disease, leading to nonlethal and inactive cankers. unexpectedly, virus-free c. parasitica strains have been isolated from inactive cankers. in this study, we compared the virulence of virus-infected and virus-free c. parasitica strains isolated from either inactive or active cankers on ...201424601984
optimization of water curing for the preservation of chestnuts (castanea sativa mill.) and evaluation of microbial dynamics during process.chestnuts are very perishable fruits, whose quality may be compromised during postharvest handling. damage can be caused both by insects and fungi. water curing, a commonly used postharvest method, is based on soaking fruits in water typically for about one week. factors that affect effectiveness of water curing have only been explained partially. a decrease in ph, likely imputable to a light fermentation caused by lactic acid bacteria, may inhibit the growth of moulds. in this study a lactobaci ...201424929716
castanea sativa mill. flowers amongst the most powerful antioxidant matrices: a phytochemical approach in decoctions and infusions.infusions and decoction of chestnut tree flowers have been used for different medical purposes, but their phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity are still mostly unknown. herein, decoctions and infusions of flowers from the two most appreciated chestnut cultivars (longal and judia) in trás-os-montes, portugal, were prepared and characterized with regard to their content in free sugars, organic acids, and phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and hydrolyzable tannins, and their antioxida ...201424822186
melissopalynological and volatile analysis of honeys from corsican arbutus unedo habitat.thirty corsican "autumn maquis" honeys were characterized by the typical combination of autumnal taxa: arbutus unedo, hedera helix, smilax aspera, rosmarinus officinalis, and two asteraceae pollen forms. corsican origin was characterized by the diversity of the taxa's biogeographical origins and significant presence of castanea sativa and quercus sp. volatile fractions of "autumn maquis" honeys were dominated by isophorone and 3,4,5-trimethylphenol. the latter is reported in a. unedo honey for t ...201425522552
ethnobotanical and phytomedical knowledge in the north-western ligurian alps.the ethnobotany of european alpine regions is much diversified and scarcely investigated. these regions retain a well-developed heritage culture and botanical traditional knowledge, favored by the isolated montane location. we carried out a study of therapeutic and traditional uses of native plants of a poorly explored area of the western italian alps in the ligurian region (nw italy). the area has been the object of human activities since prehistoric ages, and an obliged crossroad for people mo ...201424910407
volatile compounds and bacterial community dynamics of chestnut-flour-based sourdoughs.the aims of this study were the monitoring of the microbial dynamics by means of a polyphasic approach based on conventional isolation techniques and pcr-dgge-based methods in different chestnut-based sourdoughs and the evaluation of the impact of fermentation on volatile organic compounds formation during sourdoughs ripening. members of the lactobacillus plantarum group and pediococcus pentosaceous dominated the sourdough ecosystems. nevertheless, rapd-pcr allowed recording a relevant genotypic ...201323870973
pyrosequencing of environmental soil samples reveals biodiversity of the phytophthora resident community in chestnut forests.pyrosequencing analysis was performed on soils from italian chestnut groves to evaluate the diversity of the resident phytophthora community. sequences analysed with a custom database discriminated 15 pathogenic phytophthoras including species common to chestnut soils, while a total of nine species were detected with baiting. the two sites studied differed in phytophthora diversity and the presence of specific taxa responded to specific ecological traits of the sites. furthermore, some species n ...201323560715
in-vitro, anti-bacterial activities of aqueous extracts of acacia catechu (l.f.)willd, castanea sativa, ephedra sinica stapf and shilajita mumiyo against gram positive and gram negative bacteria.evaluations of the in-vitro anti-bacterial activities of aqueous extracts of acacia catechu (l.f.)willd, castanea sativa, ephedra sinica stapf and shilajita mumiyo against gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumonia) and gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa) are reasonable since these ethnomedicinal plants have been used in persian folk medicine for treating skin diseases, venereal diseases, respirat ...201325780663
discovery of a new gene pool and a high genetic diversity of the chestnut blight fungus cryphonectria parasitica in caucasian georgia.in this study, we investigated the population genetic structure and possible origins of the plant pathogen cryphonectria parasitica in caucasian georgia, a region within the centre of origin of the host species castanea sativa. a total of 427 c. parasitica isolates from nine populations were genotyped at 10 microsatellite loci. a high genetic diversity was detected, but the overall georgian population was dominated by three haplotypes which were present in most individual populations. two of the ...201323994123
microsatellite markers reveal a strong geographical structure in european populations of castanea sativa (fagaceae): evidence for multiple glacial refugia. 201323613354
chemical composition and functional properties of native chestnut starch (castanea sativa mill).starch isolation methods can change their physico-chemical and functional characteristics hindering the establishment of a starch-food functionality relation. a simple high yield and soft isolation method was applied for chestnut (castanea sativa mill) starch consisting in steeping and fruit disintegration in a 25 mm sodium bisulfite solution and purification by sedimentation. starch integrity, physico-chemical composition, morphology and functional properties were determined, being observed sig ...201323544579
sweet chestnut (castanea sativa mill.) bark extract: cardiovascular activity and myocyte protection against oxidative damage.this work was aimed at evaluating the cardioprotective effects of castanea sativa mill. (csm) bark extract characterized in its phenolic composition by hplc-dad-ms analysis. the study was performed using primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to investigate the antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of csm bark extract and isolated guinea pig left and right atria, left papillary muscle, and aorta to evaluate its direct effect on cholinergic and adrenergic response. in cultured cardiomyo ...201323533692
analysis of organic acids in electron beam irradiated chestnuts (castanea sativa mill.): effects of radiation dose and storage time.since 2010, methyl bromide, a widely used fumigant was banned from the european union under the montreal protocol guidelines, due to its deleterious effects on health and risk to the environment. since then, many alternatives for chestnut conservation have been studied (hot water dip treatment being the most common), among them, electron beam irradiation has been proposed as being a safe, clean and cheap alternative. herein, the effects of this radiation at different doses up to 6kgy and over st ...201323376134
light energy management in micropropagated plants of castanea sativa, effects of photoinhibition.the limited development of photoprotective mechanisms, specifically heat dissipation capacity, found in micropropagated plants may be the result of low xanthophyll cycle pigment content and reduced de-epoxidation capacity making them highly susceptible to photodamage. the effects of gradual or sudden increase of light on castanea sativa in vitro cultured and during their ex vitro transference was evaluated. the results were compared with those determined in nursery-grown plants. in vitro plants ...201323352399
lipid composition of castanea sativa mill. and aesculus hippocastanum fruit oils.sweet and horse chestnut fruit contain carbohydrates, fibers, proteins, lipids, vitamins, glycosides and coumarin. the lipids are rich in biologically active substances as fatty acids, phospholipids, sterols and tocopherols. the fruit has been used as food, and for medicinal purposes to treat inflammatory and vascular problems.201323174908
influence of experience on intake and feeding behavior of dairy sheep when offered forages from woody plants in a multiple-choice situation.a satisfactory intake of novel low-quality forages by ruminants may require previous experience with this feed. therefore, this study tested in sheep whether experience with forages from woody plants had an influence on feed intake, feeding behavior, and nutrient supply when offered in a multiple-choice arrangement. two sheep experiments were conducted, 1 in syria (mediterranean region; exp. 1) and the other in switzerland (central europe; exp. 2), that investigated 5 and 6 woody test plants, re ...201323989878
lichenized fungi of a chestnut grove in livari (rumija, montenegro).sixty taxa (59 species and 1 variety) of lichenized fungi are reported from a chestnut grove in livari. the majority of them (55 species and 1 variety) occurred on castanea sativa. the recently described xylographa soralifera is new to the balkan peninsula. the lichenicolous fungus monodictys epilepraria growing on lepraria rigidula is new to montenegro. the lichen mycota is compared with similar localities in italy and switzerland. the species composition in livari is most similar to the montie ...201326869743
karyotypes, b-chromosomes and meiotic abnormalities in 13 populations of alebra albostriella and a. wahlbergi (hemiptera, auchenorrhyncha, cicadellidae) from greece.in this work 13 populations of the leafhopper species alebra albostriella (fallén, 1826) (6 populations) and a. wahlbergi (boheman, 1845) (7 populations) (cicadellidae: typhlocybinae) from greece were studied cytogenetically. we examined chromosomal complements and meiosis in 41 males of a. albostriella sampled from castanea sativa, fagus sylvatica and quercus cerris and in 21 males of a. wahlbergi sampled from c. sativa, acer opalus and ulmus sp. the species were shown to share 2n = 22 + x(0) a ...201324455103
comparative mapping in the fagaceae and beyond with est-ssrs.genetic markers and linkage mapping are basic prerequisites for comparative genetic analyses, qtl detection and map-based cloning. a large number of mapping populations have been developed for oak, but few gene-based markers are available for constructing integrated genetic linkage maps and comparing gene order and qtl location across related species.201222931513
detection of a hypersensitive reaction in the chestnut hybrid 'bouche de bétizac' infested by dryocosmus kuriphilus yasumatsu.the purpose of the study was the identification of the mechanisms of resistance to dryocosmus kuriphilus yasumatsu in the hybrid-resistant cultivar 'bouche de bétizac' (castanea sativa × castanea crenata). larvae and eggs of the insect are found in the buds of this cultivar at the end of winter, but there is no gall development after budburst. the hypothesis of the presence of a hypersensitive reaction (hr) in the buds was tested using diaminobenzidine (dab) to detect h(2)o(2) and by real time p ...201222906812
comparative effects of gamma and electron beam irradiation on the antioxidant potential of portuguese chestnuts (castanea sativa mill.).chestnuts (castanea sativa mill.) are widely consumed all over the world, and have been recently studied for their antioxidant potential. the present study reports the effect of e-beam and gamma radiation (doses of 0, 0.5, 1 and 3 kgy) on the antioxidant potential of portuguese chestnuts. irradiation might be an alternative preservation method, since methyl bromide, a widely used fumigant, was banished by the european union in 2010 due to its toxicity. the antioxidant activity was evaluated thro ...201222847131
effects of electron-beam radiation on nutritional parameters of portuguese chestnuts (castanea sativa mill.).chestnuts are a widely consumed fruit around the world, with portugal being the fourth biggest producer in europe. storage of these nuts is an important step during processing, and the most widely used fumigant was banned in the european union under the montreal protocol because of its toxicity. recently, radiation has been introduced as a cheap and clean conservation method. previous studies of our research group proved that γ radiation had no negative effect on the nutritional value of chestnu ...201222809396
polyphenolic profile as a useful tool to identify the wood used in wine aging.although oak wood is the main material used in cooperage, other species are being considered as possible sources of wood for the production of wines and their derived products. in this work we have compared the phenolic composition of acacia (robinia pseudoacacia), chestnut (castanea sativa), cherry (prunus avium) and ash (fraxinus excelsior and f. americana) heartwoods, by using hplc-dad/esi-ms/ms (some of these data have been showed in previous paper), as well as the changes that toasting inte ...201222688032
antioxidant activities of chestnut nut of castanea sativa mill. (cultivar 'judia') as function of origin ecosystem.the antioxidant properties of different ecotypes of chestnut nut (cv. judia) were studied. total phenolics and flavonoids were also determinated. total phenolics amount ranged from 9.6mg/g of gae (hottest ecotype, murça) to 19.4mg/g of gae (coldest ecotype, valpaços). gallic and ellagic acid were the predominant compounds and valpaços had the highest values while, murça had the lowest ones. the antioxidant capacity of ethanolic extracts were evaluated through several biochemical essays: abts (2, ...201226434256
chemical characterization of chestnut cultivars from three consecutive years: chemometrics and contribution for authentication.four castanea sativa miller cultivars (aveleira, boaventura, judia and longal) belonging to the protected designation of origin "castanha da terra fria", from the northeast of portugal, were selected in 2006, 2007 and 2008. their nutritional, fatty acids, triacylglycerols and tocopherols profiles were evaluated. water was the major component, followed by carbohydrates, protein and fat, with energetic values lower than 190 kcal/100g of fresh fruit. oleic, linoleic and palmitic were the major fatt ...201222525865
csrav1 induces sylleptic branching in hybrid poplar.• sylleptic branching in trees may increase significantly branch number, leaf area and the general growth of the tree, particularly in its early years. although this is a very important trait, so far little is known about the genes that control this process. • this article characterizes the castanea sativa rav1 gene, homologous to arabidopsis tem genes, by analyzing its circadian behavior and examining its winter expression in chestnut stems and buds. transgenic hybrid poplars over-expressing cs ...201222229950
the protective effect of a mix of lactarius deterrimus and castanea sativa extracts on streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and pancreatic β-cell death.pancreatic β-cell death or dysfunction mediated by oxidative stress underlies the development and progression of diabetes mellitus. in the present study, we tested extracts from the edible mushroom lactarius deterrimus and the chestnut castanea sativa, as well as their mixture (mix ld/cs), for potential beneficial effects on streptozotocin (stz)-induced pancreatic β-cell death. analysis of chelating effects, reducing power and radical-scavenging assays revealed strong antioxidant effects of the ...201222186906
high diversity in populations of the introduced plant pathogen, cryphonectria parasitica, due to encounters between genetically divergent genotypes.the ascomycete fungus cryphonectria parasitica is an aggressive introduced pathogen of sweet chestnut (castanea sativa mill.). it has spread throughout the chestnut-growing areas of europe, with higher diversity in the regions close to its first introduction and lower diversity in its expanding ranges in europe. to reconstruct the invasion events that could explain the high diversity of c. parasitica in croatia and slovenia, 180 samples were genotyped using 11 sequence-characterized amplified re ...201222092517
genetic transformation of european chestnut somatic embryos with a native thaumatin-like protein (cstl1) gene isolated from castanea sativa seeds.the availability of a system for direct transfer of antifungal candidate genes into european chestnut (castanea sativa mill.) would offer an alternative approach to conventional breeding for production of chestnut trees tolerant to ink disease caused by phytophthora spp. for the first time, a chestnut thaumatin-like protein gene (cstl1), isolated from chestnut cotyledons, has been overexpressed in three chestnut somatic embryogenic lines. transformation experiments have been performed using an a ...201223086811
riboflavin and lumichrome in dalmatian sage honey and other unifloral honeys determined by lc-dad technique.riboflavin (vitamin b(2)) and its metabolite lumichrome were quantified in 117 samples from 11 unifloral honeys types (arbutus unedo l., asphodelus microcarpus salzm. et viv., citrus spp., eucalyptus spp., hedysarum coronarium l., castanea sativa l. honeydew, mentha spp., paliurus spina-christi., salix spp., salvia officinalis l., satureja spp.). the quantification of these two compounds was performed by lc-dad method which does not require sample purification. the proposed method in our study h ...201222953948
comparative study of different portuguese samples of propolis: pollinic, sensorial, physicochemical, microbiological characterization and antibacterial activity.the aim of this work was to study four propolis samples from trás-os-montes region of portugal. the propolis samples' color was different, which pollen analysis showed to be due to different botanical sources: populus sp., pinus sp., quercus sp. and castanea sativa. the data from physicochemical analysis (moisture, soluble and insoluble solids content, ph, conductivity, ash content, wax, total phenolics and flavonoids content) was treated using multivariate statistical tools as cluster heat map, ...201222981908
antiradical activity of natural honeys and antifungal effect against penicillium genera.the purpose of the study was to examine the antiradical activity of 11 natural honeys and to evaluate the antifungal properties of honey. honey samples (10) were collected from different locations of slovak republic. honeys were native to different plant species of robinia pseudoacaccia, brassica napus subs. napus, castanea sativa mill. thymus serpyllum vulgaris and the other samples had multifloral origin. the low antiradical activitity in honey samples was determined. the best results were fou ...201121240710
influence of gamma irradiation in the antioxidant potential of chestnuts (castanea sativa mill.) fruits and skins.as seasonal products chestnuts have to be post-harvest treated to increase their shelf-life. the most common preservation method for chestnuts is the chemical fumigation with methyl bromide, a toxic agent that is under strictly montreal protocol due to its adverse effects on human health and environment. food irradiation is a possible feasible alternative to substitute the traditional quarantine chemical fumigation treatment. this preliminary study evaluated the influence of gamma irradiation in ...201121371520
in vivo antioxidant potential of sweet chestnut (castanea sativa mill.) wood extract in young growing pigs exposed to n-3 pufa-induced oxidative stress.farm animals in intensive farming systems are frequently exposed to oxidative stress, which demands adequate antioxidant protection. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of different concentrations of sweet chestnut wood extract (scw; 0.75, 1.5 and 3 g kgôü+-¦) in case of n-3 pufa-induced oxidative stress in young pigs.201121384375
effect of competitive interactions between ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi on castanea sativa performance.in northeast of portugal, the macrofungal community associated to chestnut tree (castanea sativa mill.) is rich and diversified. among fungal species, the ectomycorrhizal pisolithus tinctorius and the saprotroph hypholoma fasciculare are common in this habitat. the aim of the present work was to assess the effect of the interaction between both fungi on growth, nutritional status, and physiology of c. sativa seedlings. in pot experiments, c. sativa seedlings were inoculated with p. tinctorius an ...201121484339
chestnut cultivar diversification process in the iberian peninsula, canary islands, and azores.this is a large-scale molecular study based on simple sequence repeat (ssr) loci of the diversification process in chestnut cultivars from portugal and spain, from the northern iberian peninsula to the canary islands and the azores. a total of 593 grafted chestnut trees (castanea sativa mill.) were analysed with 10 ssrs: 292 from portugal and 301 from spain. some of the trees studied were more than 300 years old. accessions were analysed using a model-based bayesian procedure to assess the geogr ...201121491973
dietary crude protein and tannin impact dairy manure chemistry and ammonia emissions from incubated soils.excess crude protein (cp) in dairy cow diets is excreted mostly as urea nitrogen (n), which increases ammonia (nh) emissions from dairy farms and heightens human health and environmental concerns. feeding less cp and more tannin to dairy cows may enhance feed n use and milk production, abate nh emissions, and conserve the fertilizer n value of manure. lab-scale ventilated chambers were used to evaluate the impacts of cp and tannin feeding on slurry chemistry, nh emissions, and soil inorganic n l ...201122031559
touchdown nested multiplex pcr detection of phytophthora cinnamomi and p. cambivora from french and english chestnut grove soils.soil borne phytophthora cinnamomi and phytophthora cambivora are considered the most pathogenic species associated with chestnut (castanea sativa) decline in europe. mapping their incidence and distribution from nursery and plantation soils may offer valuable information for limiting spread. as conventional biological baiting and taxonomic confirmation is generally time consuming, labour, logistically and space intensive, we have focused on the development of a specific touchdown nested multiple ...201121724173
quorum sensing inhibitors of staphylococcus aureus from italian medicinal plants.morbidity and mortality estimates due to methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infections continue to rise. therapeutic options are limited by antibiotic resistance. anti-pathogenic compounds, which inhibit quorum sensing (qs) pathways, may be a useful alternative to antibiotics. staphylococcal qs is encoded by the agr locus and is responsible for the production of δ-hemolysin. quantification of δ-hemolysin found in culture supernatants permits the analysis of agr activity at the tr ...201120645243
csscl1 is differentially regulated upon maturation in chestnut microshoots and is specifically expressed in rooting-competent cells.the castanea sativa scl1 gene (csscl1) has previously been shown to be induced by auxin during adventitious root (ar) formation in rooting-competent microshoots. however, its expression has not previously been analyzed in rooting-incompetent shoots. this study focuses on the regulation of csscl1 during maturation and the role of the gene in the formation of ar. the expression of csscl1 in rooting-incompetent microshoots and other tissues was investigated by quantitative reverse transcriptase--po ...201121964478
effect of cooking on total vitamin c contents and antioxidant activity of sweet chestnuts (castanea sativa mill.).in this work the total vitamin c contents (ascorbic acid+dehydroascorbic acid) and antioxidant activity of raw and cooked chestnuts was evaluated. the vitamin c contents of raw chestnuts varied significantly between the different cultivars (cv) studied and it varied from 400mg/kg dry weight (cv lada) to 693mg/kg dry weight (cv martaínha). the different cultivars behave differently during the cooking process concerning the loss of vitamin c. a significant decrease in the vitamin c content of the ...201125214344
cryphonectria naterciae: a new species in the cryphonectria-endothia complex and diagnostic molecular markers based on microsatellite-primed pcr.in a recent study intended to assess the distribution of cryphonectria parasitica in portugal, 22 morphologically atypical orange isolates were collected in the midwestern regions. eleven isolates were recovered from castanea sativa, in areas severely affected by chestnut blight and eleven isolates from quercus suber in areas with cork oak decline. these isolates were compared with known c. parasitica and cryphonectria radicalis isolates using an integrated approach comprising morphological and ...201121872182
low dose γ-irradiation as a suitable solution for chestnut (castanea sativa miller) conservation: effects on sugars, fatty acids, and tocopherols.along with dehydration, the development of insects and microorganisms is the major drawback in chestnut conservation. irradiation has been regaining interest as an alternative technology to increase food product shelf life. in the present work, the effects of low dose gamma irradiation on the sugar, fatty acid, and tocopherol composition of chestnuts stored at 4 °c for different storage periods (0, 30, and 60 days) was evaluated. the irradiations were performed in a 60co experimental equipment, ...201121823582
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