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screening of eurasian tundra reindeer for viral sequences by next-generation sequencing.reindeer husbandry is essential for the livelihood and culture of indigenous people in the arctic. parts of the herding areas are also used as pastures for farm animals, facilitating potential transmission of viruses between species. following the covid-19 pandemic, viruses circulating in the wild are receiving increased attention, since they might pose a potential threat to human health. climate change will influence the prevalence of infectious diseases of both humans and animals. the aim of t ...202134207171
detection of pestivirus a (bovine viral diarrhea virus 1) in free-living wild boars in brazil.bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a major pathogen in cattle herds. considering the epidemiological importance of pestiviruses and the process of wild boar invasion in brazil, this study aimed to investigate the presence of bvdv in free-living boars. forty-nine free-living wild boars were collected by exotic wildlife controller agents in 2017 and 2018. the presence of bvdv antibodies was evaluated in 42 serum samples using the virus neutralization test, and the detection of bvdv rna was perf ...202133638128
neurotropic bovine astrovirus-associated encephalitis: an underdiagnosed disease in south america?we describe a case of neurotropic bovine astrovirus-associated encephalitis in a jersey dairy cow from the department of san josé, uruguay. this represents the second case of this condition reported in the southern hemisphere. the cow was the only one affected in a herd of 70 cows, showing neurological signs with a 2-day clinical course, before dying spontaneously. histopathological examination revealed lymphocytic, histiocytic, and plasmacytic meningoencephalitis with neuronal necrosis, without ...202134148730
bohv-1-vectored bvdv-2 subunit vaccine induces bvdv cross-reactive cellular immune responses and protects against bvdv-2 challenge.the bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc) remains a major problem for both beef and dairy cattle industries worldwide. brdc frequently involves an initial viral respiratory infection resulting in immunosuppression, which creates a favorable condition for fatal secondary bacterial infection. current polyvalent modified live vaccines against bovine herpesvirus type 1(bohv-1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) have limitations concerning their safety and efficacy. to address these shortcomi ...202133451136
effects of multivalent brd vaccine treatment and temperament on performance and feeding behavior responses to a bvdv1b challenge in beef steers.this study examined the effects of multivalent respiratory vaccine treatment (vt) and animal temperament classification on feeding behavior traits, feed intake and animal performance in response to a bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) challenge. nellore-angus crossbred steers (n = 360; initial body weight (bw) 330 ± 48 kg) were assigned to one of three vaccine treatments: non-vaccinated (non), modified live (mlv) and killed (kv) regarding respiratory viral pathogens, and inoculated intranasally ...202134359261
the participation of a malignant catarrhal fever virus and mycoplasma bovis in the development of single and mixed infections in beef and dairy cattle with bovine respiratory disease.the bovine respiratory disease (brd) complex is a multietiological and multifactorial disease associated with a wide range of viral and bacterial pathogens. this study evaluated the contribution of specific infectious disease agents in the development of brd in cattle from brazil and determined if a virus within the malignant catarrhal fever virus (mcfv) group and mycoplasma bovis, acting individually or in conjunction, can be associated with the development of brd. formalin-fixed paraffin-embed ...202134368279
seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus in local borana cattle breed and camels (camelus dromedarius) in ethiopia.bovine viral diarrhea, caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), has been considered a disease of cattle but is now emerging in camels. in ethiopia it has been detected in exotic and cross-bred dairy cattle but no information is available on its occurrence in indigenous cattle breeds and camels. this study was, therefore, conducted to estimate the prevalence of bvdv infection in indigenous borana cattle and camels (camelus dromedarius) in moyale and miesso pastoral districts.202134136370
bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenotype 1a in a mummified fetus from a brazilian dairy cattle herd.we describe the molecular analysis of a wild-type field strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) identified in a mummified fetus from a small brazilian dairy cattle herd. nucleic acids extracted from samples of the lung, liver, heart, spleen, and kidney were tested by pcr assays for bovine alphaherpesvirus 1, neospora caninum, leptospira spp., histophilus somni, and brucella abortus, a nested pcr assay for mycoplasma bovigenitalium and ureaplasma diversum, and a rt-pcr assay for bvdv. amplic ...202134078202
prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus antibodies and risk factors in dairy cattle in gondar city, northwest ethiopia.bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) is a disease that affects cattle and other ruminants worldwide and causes considerable economic losses. a cross-sectional study was carried out between december 2017 and july 2018 with the aim to estimate the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) antibodies and to identify potential risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease in dairy cattle in peri-urban areas of gondar city, northwest ethiopia. a total of 339 serum samples obtained from ran ...202133933916
molecular detection and genotyping of bovine viral diarrhea virus in western china.bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is an important global viral pathogen of cattle and other ruminants. to survey the infection rate and genetic diversity of bvdv in western china, a total of 1234 serum samples from 17 herds of dairy cattle, beef cattle and yak in 4 provinces were collected in 2019.202133531007
quantitative risk assessment of introduction of bvdv and bohv-1 through indirect contacts based on implemented biosecurity measures in dairy farms of spain.a stochastic quantitative risk assessment model was developed to estimate the annual probability of introduction of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) on 127 dairy farms through indirect contacts. vehicles transporting calves, cattle to slaughterhouse, dead animals, and mixture of feed, as well as visits by veterinarians and hoof trimmers, farm workers and contacts with neighbors were considered in the model. data from biosecurity questionnaires of each farm, sc ...202133453562
viral infections shared between water buffaloes and small ruminants in switzerland.importation of exotic animals that may harbor infectious agents poses risks for native species with potentially severe impacts on animal health and animal production. although the asian water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) population in europe is steadily increasing, its susceptibility to viral infections and its role for interspecies transmission is largely unknown. to identify viral infections that are shared between exotic water buffaloes and native small ruminants, we collected blood samples from ...202134166139
guinea pig cytomegalovirus protective t cell antigen gp83 is a functional pp65 homolog for innate immune evasion and pentamer dependent virus tropism.the guinea pig is the only small animal model for congenital cmv but requires species-specific guinea pig cytomegalovirus (gpcmv). tegument protein gp83 is the presumed homolog of hcmv pp65 but gene duplication in the ul82-ul84 homolog locus in various animal cmv made it unclear if gp83 was a functional homolog. a gp83 null deletion mutant gpcmv (gp83dpc+) generated in the backdrop of glycoprotein pentamer complex (pc) positive virus, required for non-fibroblast infection, had normal growth kine ...202133658350
serological evidence of bovine viral diarrhea virus and peste des petits ruminants virus infection in alpacas (vicugna pacos) in shanxi province, northern china.bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) are two important pathogens associated with a variety of disease syndromes that result in substantial financial losses in animal husbandry. this study was performed to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies to bvdv and pprv among alpacas raised in shanxi province of northern china. serum samples were obtained from 246 alpacas in taiyuan (n=182), xinzhou (n=31), and jinzhong cities (n=33) of shanxi province, and serol ...202133939008
a serological investigation of bovine enterovirus-1, bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and parainfluenza-3 infections in camelsin western turkey.camels (camelus dromedarius) are bred in western turkey, particularly in the province of aydin, for touristic, social and cultural purposes. bovine enterovirus‑1 (bev‑1), bovine herpesvirus type‑1 (bhv‑1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and parainfluenza‑3 (pi‑3) virus infections are significant causes of health and/or economic concerns in several animal species. these agents have not been investigated in the camel population in turkey. the objective of this study was to serologically inves ...202033635614
the effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus introduction on milk production of dutch dairy herds.dairy cows are negatively affected by the introduction of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and consequently, produce less milk. existing literature on potential milk production losses is based on relatively outdated data and hardly evaluates milk production loss in relation to a new bvdv infection in a surveillance system. this study determined the annual and quarterly loss in milk production of bvdv introduction in 3,126 dairy herds participating in the dutch bvdv-free program between 2007 a ...202033309379
persistent infection of american bison (bison bison) with bovine viral diarrhea virus and bosavirus.bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) are significant pathogens of cattle, leading to losses associated with reproductive failure, respiratory disease and immune dysregulation. while cattle are the reservoir for bvdv, a wide range of domestic and wild ruminants are susceptible to infection and disease caused by bvdv. samples from four american bison (bison bison) from a captive herd were submitted for diagnostic testing due to their general unthriftiness. metagenomic sequencing on pooled nasal sw ...202033338948
assessment of multicolor flow cytometry panels to study leukocyte subset alterations in water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) during bvdv acute infection.the identification of cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that recognize orthologous leukocyte differentiation molecules (ldm) in buffaloes has overcome a major impediment limiting research on the immune response to pathogens and development of vaccines. as reported, two pilot trials were conducted to accomplish two objectives: (1) demonstrate that multiparameter flow cytometry can be conducted equally well in buffalo with mabs directly and indirectly labeled with fluorochromes in resear ...202033178728
mycoplasma bovis and viral agents associated with the development of bovine respiratory disease in adult dairy cows.the etiology and pathologic findings of bovine respiratory disease (brd) in adult dairy cows (n = 35) from a commercial dairy herd in southern brazil were investigated. pulmonary samples were examined for histopathologic patterns and specific features within these patterns, while immunohistochemical (ihc) assays were designed to detect the intralesional antigens of viral infectious disease agents and mycoplasma bovis. pneumonia was diagnosed in 91.4% (32/35) of these cases; neither pneumonia nor ...202031232526
genetically distinct pestiviruses pave the way to improved classical swine fever marker vaccine candidates based on the chimeric pestivirus concept.classical swine fever (csf) is one of the most important viral diseases of pigs. in many countries, the use of vaccines is restricted due to limitations of subunit vaccines with regard to efficacy and onset of protection as well as failure of live vaccines to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (diva principle). chimeric pestiviruses based on csf virus (csfv) and the related bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) have been licensed as live marker vaccines in europe and asia, but cross-rea ...202032962557
diphtheric aspergillosis tracheitis with gastrointestinal dissemination secondary to viral infections in a dairy calf.diphtheric aspergillosis tracheitis is an uncommon syndrome described in human pathology, usually associated with immunosuppression in the affected individuals. interestingly, no comparative/equivalent cases were found in domestic animals. this report describes the pathological and mycological findings associated with diphtheric aspergillosis tracheitis in an immunocompromised calf. the main pathological findings were diphtheric tracheitis and rhinitis, and necrotizing ruminitis associated with ...202032910985
failure in dry period vaccination strategy for bovine viral diarrhea virus.bovine viral diarrhea is a common disease of cattle and has significant impact on animal welfare worldwide. there are fundamental approaches i.e. elimination of persistently infected animals, vaccination and biosecurity measures for effective control and eradication of bvd virus (bvdv). by this study, the presence of persistent infection with divergent bvdv subgenotype in the calves in a dairy herd having regular vaccination program was investigated. in the herd, vaccinated with a killed whole v ...202032768238
development of a quantitative risk assessment of bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus-1 introduction in dairy cattle herds to improve biosecurity.a quantitative risk assessment model was developed to estimate the annual probability of introducing bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) at the farm level through animal movements. data from 2017 official animal movements, biosecurity questionnaires, scientific literature, and expert opinion from field veterinarians were taken into consideration for model input parameters. purchasing or introducing cattle, rearing replacement heifers offsite, showing cattle at co ...202032359990
importance of viral disease in dairy cow fertility.many viral diseases are endemic in cattle populations worldwide. the ability of many viruses to cross the placenta and cause abortions and fetal malformations is well understood. there is also significant evidence that viral infections have additional actions in dairy cows, which are reflected in reduced conception rates. these effects are, however, highly dependent on the time at which an individual animal first contracts the disease and are less easy to quantify. this paper reviews the evidenc ...202032288965
prevalence and genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus in dairy herds of china.to determine the nationwide prevalence and genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in china, 92 dairy farms with more than 500 animals in 19 provinces of china were surveyed in 2017. at each farm, ear notch samples from calves less than six months old and bulk tank milk (btm) samples were collected. a total of 901 ear notch samples and 329 btm samples from 183 tanks were sampled. a total of 20 (20/901, 2.22 %) ear notch samples from 10 (10/92, 10.86 %) farms tested positive for b ...202032122580
rna sequencing (rna-seq) based transcriptome analysis in immune response of holstein cattle to killed vaccine against bovine viral diarrhea virus type i.immune response of 107 vaccinated holstein cattle was initially obtained prior to the elisa test. five cattle with high and low bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type i antibody were identified as the final experimental animals. blood samples from these animals were then utilized to determine significant differentially expressed genes (degs) using the rna-seq transcriptome analysis and enrichment analysis. our analysis identified 261 degs in cattle identified as experimental animals. functional ...202032098229
seroprevalence and risk factors assessment of the three main infectious agents associated with abortion in dairy cattle in isfahan province, iran.this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and identify the risk factors associated with neospora caninum, bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection on industrial holstein dairy cattle farms in isfahan province, central iran. blood samples were taken from 216 apparently healthy cattle from 16 randomly selected holstein dairy farms in the north, south, east, and west of isfahan in the summer of 2017. the antibodies to n. caninum, bhv-1, and bvdv wer ...202031983025
diseases associated with bovine viral diarrhea virus subtypes 1a and 2b in beef and dairy cattle in uruguay.bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv, pestivirus) causes significant economic losses to the livestock industry worldwide. although serological surveys show that bvdv exposure is widespread in cattle in uruguay, bvdv-associated diseases are greatly underreported. the aim of this work is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, pathological, and virological findings from spontaneous outbreaks of bvdv-associated diseases in cattle in uruguay. diagnostic investigations were performed during 6 spontan ...202031650465
increased genetic variation of bovine viral diarrhea virus in dairy cattle in poland.bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) causes severe economic losses and is one of the most important viral pathogens of ruminants worldwide. the infection manifests itself in a variety of clinical symptoms. phylogenetic studies based mainly on 5'utr of its genome, identified many different subtypes of bvdv. previous study indicated the predominance of bvdv-1b and bvdv-1d in poland. the aim of this study was to genotype bvdv isolates currently circulating in polish dairy herds.201931382966
genotyping of pestivirus a (bovine viral diarrhea virus 1) detected in faeces and in other specimens of domestic and wild ruminants at the wildlife-livestock interface.pestiviruses are widespread in the world among ungulates and infect both domestic and wild animals causing severe economic losses in livestock. bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (bvdv-1), now re-designated as pestivirus a, causes diseases mainly in cattle, while few data are available about infection in wild ruminants and about the role of these animals in viral maintenance and spread. in order to investigate bvdv-1 infection in domestic and wild ruminants, especially at the wildlife/livestock ...201931383300
investigation of persistent infection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in holstein dairy cows.the aim of this study was to investigate the persistent infection (pi) of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) along with its coexistence between bvdv antibody titer and bvd virus in blood of holstein dairy cows. only large commercial farms (each contained < 1000-3000 unvaccinated cows) were included. there were 11 dairy cattle herds. they included nearly 20,000 dairy cows. totally, 140 cows, > 3 months to almost 10 years old, were randomly sampled. indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elis ...201930535897
prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus in dairy cattle herds in eastern china.bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a worldwide spreading pestivirus affecting cattle and other ruminants; however, there have been few reports on epidemiologic investigation of bvdv in eastern china. in this study, bulk tank milk from 36 herds of dairy cattle in eastern china was submitted to serological investigations, 77.8% of herds was bvdv antibody positive. individual animal status in two herds was further investigated collecting blood samples, the positive ratio was 49.74% and 24.64%, a ...201930456692
pestivirus infections in semi-domesticated eurasian tundra reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus): a retrospective cross-sectional serological study in finnmark county, norway.members of the pestivirus genus (family flaviviridae) cause severe and economically important diseases in livestock. serological studies have revealed the presence of pestiviruses in different cervid species, including wild and semi-domesticated eurasian tundra reindeer. in this retrospective study, serum samples collected between 2006 and 2008 from 3339 semi-domesticated eurasian reindeer from finnmark county, norway, were tested for anti-pestivirus antibodies using an enzyme linked immunosorbe ...201931888097
a systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection in dairy cattle in china.bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection causes significantly economic losses to cattle industry worldwide, also including china. the epidemiological prevalence of infection associated with bvdv in dairy cattle has not been systematically assessed in china. therefore, we undertook this study to evaluate prevalent of bvdv infection. we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from papers on the bvdv incidence and prevalence in dairy cattle in china by searching china science an ...201930165071
experimental infection of korean native goats (capra aegagrus hircus) with bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b.bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infects various ungulates and causes reproductive failure in infected goats. bvdv has been detected among goats in the republic of korea, but the route of transmission remains unclear. here, we aimed to investigate whether bvdv-1b circulating among korean cattle can be transmitted to korean native goats (capra aegagrus hircus) and characterize the outcomes of bvdv infection in these goats.201931200717
first report of bovine viral diarrhea virus and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in tibetan sheep (ovis aries) in tibetan plateau, china.bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) are important pathogens, which cause serious disease in animals. however, information about bvdv and map infection in tibetan sheep in china is limited. two thousand one hundred and eighty-seven blood samples were collected from tibetan sheep between april 2013 and march 2014 from the tibetan plateau and tested for bvdv and map antibodies using commercial elisa kits. the overall seroprevalence of bvdv an ...201930269235
bovine viral diarrhea in captive rocky mountain bighorn sheep associated with administration of a contaminated modified-live bluetongue virus vaccine.in late summer 2017, we observed acute, fatal cases of bovine viral diarrhea in captive rocky mountain bighorn sheep ( ovis canadensis canadensis) in colorado following use of a contaminated modified-live bluetongue virus vaccine. following vaccination, at least 14 of 28 (50%) vaccinated bighorn sheep developed hemorrhagic diarrhea, and 6 of 28 (21%) vaccinated bighorn sheep died. autopsy findings were predominantly necroulcerative-to-necrohemorrhagic gastrointestinal lesions. less frequent lesi ...201930541417
serological survey for antibodies against pestiviruses in wyoming domestic sheep.pestiviruses including bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (bvdv-1), bvdv-2 and border disease virus (bdv) have been reported in both sheep and cattle populations, together with the hobi-like, an emerging group of pestiviruses. pestivirus control programs in the united states have focused on the control of bvdv-1 and 2. the incidence of pestivirus infection in sheep in the united states and the risk of transmission between cattle and sheep populations are unknown. the aim of this study was to per ...201829778211
bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenotype 1b in water buffalos (bubalus bubalis) from brazil.serological studies have characterized the presence of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection in water buffalo herds worldwide. however, the molecular characterization of bvdv strains circulating in this animal species is uncommon. the aim of this study was to identify young water buffalo with acute infection and characterize the subgenotype of the infecting wild-type bvdv strain. two dairy water buffalo herds from northeastern brazil were selected based on the results of virus neutral ...201829855763
bovine respiratory syncytial virus seroprevalence and risk factors in non-vaccinated dairy cattle herds in brazil.the cattle industry is one of the most important brazilian agribusiness sectors and is a strong contributor to the national economy. annually about 44.6 million calves are bred, which makes the optimal management of these animals extremely important. several diseases can affect the initial stages of the bovine production chain, being the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) one of the most relevant pathogens. this study aimed to characterize the epidemiology of brsv infection in dairy cattl ...201829945679
seroprevalence and factors associated with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection in dairy cattle in three milksheds in ethiopia.this work was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence, to identify potential factors that influence seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and to investigate the association between bvdv serostatus and occurrence of reproductive disorders in dairy cattle in three milksheds in ethiopia. a total of 1379 serum samples were obtained from cattle randomly selected from 149 herds from three milksheds representing central, southern, and western ethiopia. sera samples were examined for bo ...201829855764
infectious keratoconjunctivitis in free-ranging mule deer in wyoming: a retrospective study and identification of a novel alphaherpesvirus.we describe the clinicopathologic findings, relative prevalence, and pathogens associated with infectious keratoconjunctivitis in mule deer ( odocoileus hemionus) in wyoming. seventeen cases with ocular lesions were identified among 1,036 mule deer postmortem submissions (1.6%) in an ~16 y period. sixteen cases were observed in winter and most were in male (15 cases) and juvenile (13 cases) deer. blindness was the most commonly reported clinical sign (10 cases). a herpesvirus was detected only i ...201830032722
comparative health assessment of urban and non-urban free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in southeastern british columbia, canada.the provincial wildlife management agency, british columbia ministry of forests, lands, natural resource operations and rural development, performed a translocation to control the urban mule deer (odocoileus hemionus; umd) overpopulation and supplement the declining non-urban mule deer (numd) population in the kootenay region, british columbia, canada. the objectives of this cross-sectional study were to evaluate the health of the urban and numd populations by comparing pathogen exposure, body c ...201829942678
detection of seroconversion to bovine herpesvirus 1 related alphaherpesvirus and bovine viral diarrhea virusin polish free-living deer.there are several infectious agents of domestic cattle that can also be present in free-living ruminant populations. these include bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) which are the causative agents of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea, respectively. the study was conducted on serum samples from 59 red deer, 24 roe deer, and 3 fallow deer (86 in total), originating from two geographically separate areas of poland. the samples were tested ...201830468331
detection of persistent pestivirus infection in pudú (pudu puda) in a captive population of artiodactyls in chile.bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is the viral agent causing the most important economic losses in livestock throughout the world. infection of fetuses before their immunological maturity causes the birth of animals persistently infected with bvdv (pi), which are the main source of infection and maintenance of this pathogen in a herd. there is evidence of susceptibility to infection with bvdv in more than 50 species of the order artiodactyla, and the ability to establish persistent infection in ...201829391001
new insights on pestivirus infections in transhumant sheep and sympatric pyrenean chamois (rupicapra p. pyrenaica).border disease virus (bdv) causes health and economic impact on livestock and is also of importance in wildlife conservation as it causes high mortality outbreaks in pyrenean chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica). pastoral practices are known as a main interspecies pathogen transmission. hence, the presence of pestivirus in transhumant sheep flocks and sympatric chamois was assessed in areas with different epidemiological scenarios of chamois bdv infections. moreover, the present study had als ...201829615262
seroprevalence and risk factors for selected respiratory and reproductive tract pathogen exposure in european bison (bison bonasus) in poland.after the complete extinction from the wild of european bison (bison bonasus) at the beginning of the twentieth century, the worldwide species population was restored to approximately 5500 individuals, with the species however remaining endangered. despite numerous studies on the ecology and genetics of european bison, the threats of infectious diseases have been largely unexamined. the aim of this study was to screen the exposure of the world's largest population of european bison to the pathog ...201829426407
survey for selected pathogens in philippine deer (rusa marianna) from guam, marianna islands, usa.philippine deer (rusa marianna), native to the philippine islands, were introduced to guam in the late 1700's. dense populations have become established throughout the island where they cause damage to native plant communities resulting in habitat degradation. in addition, cervids can serve as reservoirs for important pathogens of livestock and people. from february-march 2015, blood, tissue and ectoparasite samples were collected from 132 free-ranging philippine deer on guam. data from 10 deer ...201831014616
bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in wild boar.bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) is one of the most economically important diseases of cattle. with its very high prevalence, cattle kept on pastures become a source of the virus for the wildlife which, due to their susceptibility, then easily can serve as a source for re-infections of cattle. therefore, we investigated the bvdv infection in serbian wild boar and assessed the role of wild boar in bvdv epidemiology including possible spreading to domestic species. this study was based on examination o ...201829879634
serological evidence of bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus and schmallenberg virus infections in relation to reproductive disorders in dairy cattle in ethiopia.reproductive disorders in dairy cattle have been noted to be common in urban and peri-urban dairy production system in ethiopia. the available reports on the causes of these disorders, however, are not conclusive. a case-control study was designed to investigate the possible association of major reproductive disorders in dairy cattle with exposure status to bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and schmallenberg virus (sbv). cows with history of abortion/stillbirth wer ...201829217378
parapoxviral vulvovaginitis in holstein cows.a group of holstein first-calved heifers developed small pustules and ulcers on the vulva and in the vagina during the first 1-4 wk postpartum. the lesions varied from small red pinpoint foci to pustules and ulcers, 3-5 mm diameter. some ulcers coalesced to form large ulcerated areas up to 15 mm diameter. in some animals, these ulcers progressed to become deep ulceration of the vaginal and vulvar mucosa with >50% of the mucosa involved. vaginal biopsies from 4 heifers and vaginal individual swab ...201829429402
bta-mir-2411 attenuates bovine viral diarrhea virus replication via directly suppressing pelota protein in madin-darby bovine kidney cells.micrornas (mirnas) are endogenous ∼22 nt noncoding rnas that control the translation initiation and stability of target genes in a sequence-specific manner and, thus, play important regulatory roles in animals and plants. homologs of dom34, called pelota or pelo, are broadly conserved in eukaryotes and archaea. biochemical and genetic studies indicate that eukaryotic dom34/pelota plays an important role in cell division, differentiation of germline stem cells, and stem cell self-renewal by contr ...201829426405
decline of antibody response in indirect elisa tests during the periparturient period caused diagnostic gaps in coxiella burnetii and bvdv serology in pluriparous cows within a holstein dairy herd.in cattle, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) tests are commonly used in serological routine diagnostics. in a longitudinal study design, changes in relative optical density (od) from drying-off until week 11 after calving were analyzed in blood and milk samples from pluriparous dairy cows (n=21) using a commercial indirect anti-c. burnetii elisa test. in a second part of this study, changes over time were evaluated in blood and milk samples of 11 of these cows in an indirect eli ...201829421490
salmonella in dairy cattle.as an infectious, contagious pathogen, salmonella is probably rivaled by only bovine viral diarrhea virus in its ability to cause clinical disease, such as enteritis, septicemia, pneumonia, and reproductive losses. the increasing prevalence of salmonella, particularly salmonella dublin, on dairies presents new challenges to producers and veterinarians. no current discussion of bovine salmonellosis is complete without acknowledging the increasing public health concern. increasing antimicrobial re ...201829224803
seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus in crossbred dairy cattle in bangladesh.the study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and hematological features in crossbred dairy cattle in chittagong, bangladesh.201728919681
virus neutralization technique as a tool to evaluate the virological profile for bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in dairy water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) herds.serological evidence shows that the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections are present in brazilian dairy and beef water buffalo herds. as few reports describe the bvdv infection profile the aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of bvdv circulation in brazilian dairy water buffalo herds through analysis of the seropositivity rate and the titer range of anti-bvdv neutralizing antibodies in a group of animals that are considered sentinels. blood samples (n = 305) were obtained from ...201729260489
bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine leukemia virus (blv) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections in algerian dromedary camels (camelus dromaderius).this study was performed to investigate the presence of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine leukemia virus (blv) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections in dromedary camels (camelus dromaderius) kept in mixed herds with sheep and goats in algeria, since the prevalence of bhv-1, bvdv, and blv infections among dromedary camels in algeria is unknown. totally, 111 camel sera were collected from two provinces (laghouat and ghardaia) in algeria. the sera were analyzed for bhv-1 specific ant ...201729134541
impact of exercise on productivity, behavior, and immune functioning of weanedbos indicus-cross calves housed in drylots.the effects of 2 exercise regimes on cattle productivity, immune function, and behavior were evaluated against a control ( = 4 pens/treatment) using weaned -cross calves ( = 203) housed in drylots (16-18 calves/single sex pens). three treatments were applied 3 times per week for 4 wk: 1) programmatic exercise (pro), in which cattle and a stockperson walked in the alleyway behind their home pen for 20 min; 2) free exercise (free), in which cattle were moved into the drovers alley for 60 min, not ...201729293791
feed intake and weight changes in bos indicus-bos taurus crossbred steers following bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1b challenge under production conditions.bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) has major impacts on beef cattle production worldwide, but the understanding of host animal genetic influence on illness is limited. this study evaluated rectal temperature, weight change and feed intake inbos indicuscrossbred steers (n= 366) that were challenged with bvdv type 1b, and where family lines were stratified across three vaccine treatments of modified live (mlv), killed, (kv) or no vaccine (non). pyrexia classification based on 40.0 °c threshold fol ...201729231886
infectious causes of bovine abortion in qazvin province, iran.abortion in dairy cattle is generally defined as the loss of fetus on days 47-265 of pregnancy and can significantly reduce the income and capital gain of farmers and producers. therefore, sufficient economical support and preventive measurements are essential for this issue. in this study, genetic materials were extracted from the abomasum rennet, as well as homogenous preparations of brain, kidney, spleen, liver, and lung tissues of 128 aborted fetuses. afterward, polymerase chain reaction (pc ...201730315698
outbreaks of bovine herpesvirus 2 infections in calves causing ear and facial skin lesions.we describe 3 outbreaks of superficial dermatitis caused by bovine herpesvirus 2 (bohv-2) in dairy breed calves. clinically, all of the affected calves were 12-26 d of age, had alopecia and crusts on the face and ears, and were non-pruritic and afebrile. affected animals recovered spontaneously without any treatment within 2-4 wk after onset of clinical signs based on 1 herd with follow up. histologic examination of all skin crust or tissue samples identified neutrophilic inflammation, mild hype ...201728423989
serologic evidence of hobi-like virus circulation in argentinean water buffalo.hobi-like pestiviruses (also known as bovine viral diarrhea virus 3) have been sporadically reported from naturally infected cattle in brazil, asia, and europe. although hobi-like viruses seem to be endemic in brazilian cattle and buffalo, they have not been studied in the other countries of south america to our knowledge. herein we report serologic results of buffalo from 12 large farms in argentina located near the brazilian border. these buffalo were not vaccinated against pestiviruses. our r ...201728677409
virus detection by pcr following vaccination of naive calves with intranasal or injectable multivalent modified-live viral vaccines.we evaluated duration of pcr-positive results following administration of modified-live viral (mlv) vaccines to beef calves. twenty beef calves were randomly assigned to either group 1 and vaccinated intranasally with a mlv vaccine containing bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (bohv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), and bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (bpiv-3), or to group 2 and vaccinated subcutaneously with a mlv vaccine containing bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2 (bvdv-1, -2), bohv-1, brs ...201728545321
type 2 bvdv n(pro) suppresses ifn-1 pathway signaling in bovine cells and augments brsv replication.bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection induces immunosuppression and in conjunction with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) contributes to the bovine respiratory disease complex. bovine turbinate cells were single or co-infected with type 2 bvdv wild-type (bvdv2-wt), its dysfunctional n(pro) mutant (bvdv2-e), and/or brsv. bvdv2-e significantly up-regulated pkr, irf-7, tbk-1, irf-3, and ifn-β mrnas based on real-time q-rt-pcr. brsv-infected cells expressed significantly up-regulated ...201728432927
proposed revision to the taxonomy of the genus pestivirus, family flaviviridae.we propose the creation of seven new species in the genus pestivirus (family flaviviridae) in addition to the four existing species, and naming species in a host-independent manner using the format pestivirus x. only the virus species names would change; virus isolates would still be referred to by their original names. the original species would be re-designated as pestivirus a (original designation bovine viral diarrhea virus 1), pestivirus b (bovine viral diarrhea virus 2), pestivirus c (clas ...201728786787
herd-level prevalence of selected endemic infectious diseases of dairy cows in great britain.to implement appropriate and effective disease control programs at the national level, up-to-date and unbiased information on disease frequency is needed. the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of selected endemic infectious diseases in the population of dairy herds in great britain. bulk milk tank (bmt) samples from 225 randomly selected dairy farms, stratified by region and herd size, were tested for antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine herpesvirus type 1 ...201728843682
bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b fetal infection with extensive hemorrhage.bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) 1b was isolated from tissues of a term bovine fetus with petechial hemorrhages noted throughout the body and placenta at autopsy. fresh lung, kidney, thymus, and liver tissues were examined by direct fluorescent antibody testing and were positive for bvdv antigen and negative for bovine herpesvirus 1 antigen. an organ pool of fresh tissues was positive for noncytopathic (ncp) bvdv-1 by virus isolation. bvdv-1b was identified by sequencing of the 5'-utr region o ...201728803536
photodynamic effect of some phthalocyanines on enveloped and naked viruses.activity of three photosensitizing phthalocyanine derivatives was tested for photodynamic inactivation towards two coated and two non-enveloped viruses - bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), influenza virus a(h3n2), poliovirus type 1 (pv-1) and human adenovirus type 5 (hadv5). in the case of coated viruses, a combination of virucidal and irradiation effects was registered by octa-methylpyridyloxy-substituted ga phthalocyanine (ga8) toward bvdv, whereas tetra-methylpyridyloxy-substituted ga phthal ...201728854799
n(pro) his49 and e(rns) lys412 mutations in pig bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 synergistically enhance the cellular antiviral response.type i interferons are major components of the innate immune response of hosts, and accordingly, many viruses have evolved mechanisms to modulate the host response during infection. bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) nonstructural protein n(pro) and structural protein e(rns) play important roles in inhibiting type i interferon. the aim of this study was to explore the epistatic effects of amino acid mutations in n(pro) and e(rns) in porcine st cells to characterize the immune response induced by ...201728852929
evaluation of 16 commercial antibody elisas for the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus-specific antibodies in serum and milk using well-characterized sample panels.we performed a thorough fit-for-purpose evaluation of commercial elisas for the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv)-specific antibodies in serum and in milk by testing 2 panels of well-characterized serum and milk samples. sixteen elisas from 9 different manufacturers, available on the belgian market at the time of our study, were assessed for their diagnostic and analytical sensitivity (dse and ase, respectively), diagnostic specificity (dsp), and repeatability relative to the virus ...201728803517
characterization of thymus-associated lymphoid depletion in bovine calves acutely or persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 or hobi-like pestivirus.naïve pregnant cattle exposed to pestiviruses between 40-125 days of gestation can give birth to persistently infected (pi) calves. clinical presentation and survivability, in pi cattle, is highly variable even with the same pestivirus strain whereas the clinical presentation in acute infections is more uniform with severity of symptoms being primarily a function of virulence of the infecting virus. the aim of this study was to compare thymic depletion, as measured by comparing the area of the t ...201728795249
inactivation of model viruses and bacteria in human fresh frozen plasma using riboflavin and long wave ultraviolet rays.pathogen reduction technologies are among methods to eliminate transfusion transmitted infections. mirasol method using riboflavin in combination with ultraviolet rays is one of them. the aims of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of mirasol method to inactivate some model pathogens as well as examination of the sensitivity of plasma proteins after treatment.201728775824
bovine a20 gene overexpression during bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 infection blocks nf-κb pathway in mdbk cells.viruses have developed cellular strategies to ensure progeny survival. one of the most interesting is immune camouflage, where the virus triggers a controlled-intensity immune response that prevents total destruction of the infected cell, thus "winning time" for the virus. this study explored the regulatory contexts of the bovine a20 gene during bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv)-1 infection, using il-8 as an immune-response sentinel molecule. assessments were conducted through rt-qpcr, western ...201728735964
complete nucleotide sequence of a novel bovine viral diarrhea virus subtype 1 isolate from italy.to gain further insight into the genomic features of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1) subtypes, we sequenced the complete genome of the bvdv-1 isolate ve/245/12. this is an uncommon subtype that was isolated from a persistently infected animal. here, we report the complete genome sequence, consisting of 12,295 nucleotides (nt) with an open reading frame of 11,694 nt encoding 3,898 amino acids. phylogenetic analysis of the full-length genome, 5'-utr, and n(pro) region confirmed that the bvd ...201728717858
autophagy induced by bovine viral diarrhea virus infection counteracts apoptosis and innate immune activation.bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is an important pathogen of cattle that plays a complex role in disease. there are two biotypes of bvdv: non-cytopathic (ncp) and cytopathic (cp). one strategy that has been used to treat or prevent virus-associated diseases is the modulation of autophagy, which is used by the innate immune system to defend against viral infection; however, at present, the interplay between autophagy and bvdv remains unclear. madin-darby bovine kidney cells stably expressing mi ...201728702931
circulating micrornas in serum from cattle challenged with bovine viral diarrhea virus.bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is an rna virus that is often associated with respiratory disease in cattle. micrornas have been proposed as indicators of exposure to respiratory pathogens. the objective of this study was to identify micrornas in cattle that had been challenged with a non-cytopathic field strain of bvdv. five colostrum deprived neonate holstein calves were inoculated with bvdv (challenged) and 4 were mock challenged (control). serum from all calves was collected at four diffe ...201728702050
improved detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in bovine lymphoid cell lines using primeflow rna assay.bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections, whether as acute, persistent or contributing to co-infections, result in significant losses for cattle producers. although, bvdv can be identified readily by real-time pcr and elisa, detection and quantification of viral infection at the single cell level is extremely difficult. detection at the single lymphoid cell level is important due to the immunomodulation that accompanies bvdv infection. a novel primeflow rna assay using in-situ detection of ...201728688346
replicon particle expressing the e2 glycoprotein of bovine viral diarrhea virus immunization and evaluation of antibody response.the objective of this study was to develop a new antigen delivery system using an alphavirus replicon particle (rp) to induce humoral antibody responses against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) recombinant antigen produced from envelope glycoprotein e2. an alphavirus rp expressing the e2 glycoprotein of bvdv was used for immunization of pigs. a fluorescent microsphere immunoassay (fmia) has been applied to detect bvdv e2 antigen-specific antibody isotype in pig immunized with alphavirus rp. fu ...201728686540
genomic and antigenic relationships between two 'hobi'-like strains and other members of the pestivirus genus.'hobi'-like viruses comprise a putative new species within the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae. 'hobi'-like viruses have been detected worldwide in batches of fetal calf serum, in surveillance programs for bovine pestiviruses and from animals presenting clinical signs resembling bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv)-associated diseases. to date, few complete genome sequences of 'hobi'-like viruses are available in public databases. moreover, detailed analyses of such genomes are still s ...201728669036
evolution of bovine viral diarrhea virus in canada from 1997 to 2013.bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a rapidly evolving, single-stranded rna virus and a production limiting pathogen of cattle worldwide. 79 viral isolates collected between 1997 and 2013 in canada were subjected to next-generation sequencing. bayesian phylogenetics was used to assess the evolution of this virus. a mean substitution rate of 1.4×10(-3) substitutions/site/year was found across both bvdv1 and bvdv2. evolutionary rates in the e2 gene were slightly faster than other regions. we als ...201728668732
development of a new method based on unmodified gold nanoparticles and peptide nucleic acids for detecting bovine viral diarrhea virus-rna.a simple colorimetric assay is presented for detecting bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv)-rna based on aggregation of gold nanoparticles (aunps) in the presence of charge-neutral peptide nucleic acids (pna). free charge-neutral pna oligomers tended to be adsorbed onto aunps and act as a coagulant, whereas hybridizing complementary rna with pna disrupted pna-induced aunp aggregation, and the nps remained stable. however, non-complementary rna did not have this effect, and pna induced aggregation ...201728655215
efficacy of inactivation of viral contaminants in hyperimmune horse plasma against botulinum toxin by low ph alone and combined with pepsin digestion.assuring viral safety of horse plasma-derived products is fundamental for ethical and regulatory reasons. we previously demonstrated the ability of pepsin digestion at low ph to inactivate west nile and sindbis viruses in horse plasma. the present study further examined the efficiency of pepsin digestion to inactivate four additional viruses: hsv-1 and bvdv (lipid-enveloped), bpv and reo-3 (nonenveloped). these viruses were spiked into hyperimmunized horse plasma against botulinum toxin and subj ...201728633975
antigenic diversity of brazilian isolates of hobi-like pestiviruses.hobi-like viruses comprise an unclassified group of bovine pestiviruses related to bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1) and 2 (bvdv-2). these viruses were originally identified in fetal bovine serum from brazilian origin and, subsequently, isolated from diseased animals in several countries. herein we performed an antigenic characterization of eight brazilian hobi-like viruses isolated from persistently infected (pi) animals and from gastroenteric disease (2007-2015). phylogenetic analysis bas ...201728619148
acute bovine viral diarrhea virus infection inhibits expression of interferon tau-stimulated genes in bovine endometrium.bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) can evade host detection by downregulation of interferon signaling pathways. infection of cows with noncytopathic (ncp) bvdv can cause early embryonic mortality. upregulation of type i interferon stimulated genes (isgs) by blastocyst-secreted interferon tau (ifnt) is a crucial component of the maternal recognition of pregnancy (mrp) in ruminants. this study investigated the potential of acute bvdv infection to disrupt mrp by modulating endometrial isg expressio ...201728605413
synthesis, antiviral evaluation and molecular docking studies of n(4)-aryl substituted/unsubstituted thiosemicarbazones derived from 1-indanones as potent anti-bovine viral diarrhea virus agents.a series of n(4)-arylsubstituted thiosemicarbazones derived from 1-indanones and a set of compounds lacking such substitution in the n(4) position of the thiosemicarbazone moiety were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) activity. among these, derivatives 2 and 15 displayed high activity (ec50=2.7±0.4 and 0.7±0.1µm, respectively) as inhibitors of bvdv replication. novel key structural features related to the anti-bvdv activity were identified by structure-a ...201728600079
the effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus on bovine monocyte phenotype.bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is an economically important pathogen of the livestock industry worldwide. bvdv is classified into cytopathic (cp) and noncytopathic (ncp), depending on its effects on cultured cells. bvdv is known to alter the host's immune response. of this, major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii molecules play a central role in the development and function of the immune system, and are comprised of two types, dr and dq, in cattle. in this study, we investigated the ...201728588628
variability and global distribution of subgenotypes of bovine viral diarrhea virus.bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a globally-distributed agent responsible for numerous clinical syndromes that lead to major economic losses. two species, bvdv-1 and bvdv-2, discriminated on the basis of genetic and antigenic differences, are classified in the genus pestivirus within the flaviviridae family and distributed on all of the continents. bvdv-1 can be segregated into at least twenty-one subgenotypes (1a-1u), while four subgenotypes have been described for bvdv-2 (2a-2d). with res ...201728587150
selection and characterization of specific nanobody against bovine virus diarrhea virus (bvdv) e2 protein.bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease (bvd-md) is caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and results in abortion, stillbirth, and fetal malformation in cows. here, we constructed the phage display vector pcantab 5e-vhh and then transformed it into escherichia coli tg1-competent cells, to construct an initial anti-bvdv nanobody gene library. we obtained a bvdv-e2 antigen epitope bait protein by prokaryotic expression using the nucleotide sequence of the e2 gene of the bvdv-nadl strain publ ...201728582444
[translational efficiency of bvdv ires and emcv ires for t7 rna polymerase driven cytoplasmic expression in mammalian cell lines].mammalian t7 polymerase-based cytoplasmic expression systems are common tool for molecular studies. the majority of these systems include the internal ribosome entry site (ires) of the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). to carry out a cap-independent translation process, this type of ires might require the expression of an extensive array of host factors, what is a disadvantage. other ireses might be less dependent on the host cell factors, but their biology is characterized to a lesser degree. ...201728537239
local innate responses and protective immunity after intradermal immunization with bovine viral diarrhea virus e2 protein formulated with a combination adjuvant in cattle.bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is one of the most serious pathogens in cattle. recently, we developed a novel adjuvant platform (triadj) that includes a toll-like receptor 3 agonist, poly (i:c); an innate defense regulatory peptide; and water-soluble polymer, poly[di(sodiumcarboxylatoethylphenoxy)]-phosphazene (pcep). to develop a needle-free intradermal (id) subunit vaccine, the bvdv type-2 e2 protein was formulated with triadj, and immune protection was evaluated in calves against a bvdv-2 ...201728527686
first report on serological evidence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection in farmed and free ranging mithuns (bos frontalis).despite reports of bvdv infection in several domestic and wild ruminants, no information exists for mithun (bos frontalis) species. hence, this study was undertaken to determine prevalence of bvdv infection in mithuns, which contribute significantly to local economy in the north eastern region of india. blood and serum samples were collected between 2013 and 2016 from mithuns (n = 466) belonging to the states of nagaland, mizoram, and arunachal pradesh. serum samples were tested for bvdv antibod ...201728504301
comparison of humoral and t-cell-mediated immune responses to a single dose of bovela(®) live double deleted bvdv vaccine or to a field bvdv strain.the objective of this study was to determine and compare the humoral and cellular immune responses of calves exposed to a single dose of bovela(®) bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) live double deleted vaccine or a field strain virus (fsv) of bvdv type 2 (strain 890). thirty seronegative, colostrum-deprived 5 month-old holstein steer calves that tested negative for persistent bvdv by ear notch immunohistochemistry and seronegative to bvdv types 1 and 2 were used. calves were screened by multi-pa ...201728494925
pathogen exposure in cattle at the livestock-wildlife interface.land use is an important driver of variation in human infectious disease risk, but less is known about how land use affects disease risk in livestock. to understand how land use is associated with disease risk in livestock, we examined patterns of pathogen exposure in cattle across two livestock ranching systems in rural kenya: private ranches with low- to medium-intensity cattle production and high wildlife densities, and group ranches with high-intensity cattle production and low wildlife dens ...201728470362
complete genome sequence of a bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenotype 1g strain isolated in italy.we report here the full-length sequence of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strain um/103/04, isolated from a persistently infected cow in italy. it belongs to the subgenotype 1g, which is described as a sporadic subgenotype in italy. this is the first report of a complete genome sequence of bvdv-1g.201728450521
a novel viewrna in situ hybridization method for the detection of the dynamic distribution of classical swine fever virus rna in pk15 cells.classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious fatal infectious disease caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv). a better understanding of csfv replication is important for the study of pathogenic mechanism of csf. with the development of novel rna in situ hybridization method, quantitatively localization and visualization of the virus rna molecular in cultured cell or tissue section becomes very important tool to address these pivotal pathogenic questions. in this study, we established ...201728420390
vaccination of cattle against bovine viral diarrhea virus.bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is responsible for significant losses to the cattle industry. currently, modified-live viral (mlv) and inactivated viral vaccines are available against bvdv, often in combination with other viral and bacterial antigens. inactivated and mlv vaccines provide cattle producers and veterinarians safe and efficacious options for herd immunization to limit disease associated with bvdv infection. vaccination of young cattle against bvdv is motivated by prevention of cl ...201728400145
new leaves in the growing tree of pestiviruses.pestiviruses are a group of viruses of veterinary importance infecting livestock animals like pigs, cattle, and sheep, and also wildlife animals like wild boar and different deer species. while for decades only four classical species (classical swine fever virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2, border disease virus), and a few so-called atypical pestiviruses were known (e.g., giraffe virus, pronghorn virus, hobi virus), a series of novel pestiviruses was identified in the last years ( ...201729029724
tissue tropism in host transcriptional response to members of the bovine respiratory disease complex.bovine respiratory disease (brd) is the most common infectious disease of beef and dairy cattle and is characterized by a complex infectious etiology that includes a variety of viral and bacterial pathogens. we examined the global changes in mrna abundance in healthy lung and lung lesions and in the lymphoid tissues bronchial lymph node, retropharyngeal lymph node, nasopharyngeal lymph node and pharyngeal tonsil collected at the peak of clinical disease from beef cattle experimentally challenged ...201729263411
variation in pestivirus growth in testicle primary cell culture is more dependent on the individual cell donor than cattle breed.the causes of bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc) are multifactorial and include infection with both viral and bacterial pathogens. host factors are also involved as different breeds of cattle appear to have different susceptibilities to brdc. infection with bovine pestiviruses, including bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv1), bvdv2 and 'hobi'-like viruses, is linked to the development of brdc. the aim of the present study was to compare the growth of different bovine pestiviruses in prima ...201727864728
roles of bta-mir-29b promoter regions dna methylation in regulating mir-29b expression and bovine viral diarrhea virus nadl replication in mdbk cells.micrornas (mirnas) are an important class of small, non-coding rnas that control target genes expression by degradation of target mrnas or by inhibiting protein translation in many biological processes and cellular pathways. in a previous study, we found that mir-29b interfered with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) replication. however, the mechanisms of regulation of mir-29b expression are not well known. dna methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism for silencing gene transcription, a ...201727766427
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