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analysis of complete genome sequences of g9p[19] rotavirus strains from human and piglet with diarrhea provides evidence for whole-genome interspecies transmission of nonreassorted porcine rotavirus.whole genomes of g9p[19] human (rva/human-wt/tha/cmh-s070-13/2013/g9p[19]) and porcine (rva/pig-wt/tha/cmp-015-12/2012/g9p[19]) rotaviruses concurrently detected in the same geographical area in northern thailand were sequenced and analyzed for their genetic relationships using bioinformatic tools. the complete genome sequence of human rotavirus rva/human-wt/tha/cmh-s070-13/2013/g9p[19] was most closely related to those of porcine rotavirus rva/pig-wt/tha/cmp-015-12/2012/g9p[19] and to those of ...201727894992
genomic organization and recombination analysis of a porcine sapovirus identified from a piglet with diarrhea in china.sapovirus (sav), a member of the family caliciviridae, is an etiologic agent of gastroenteritis in humans and pigs. to date, both intra- and inter-genogroup recombinant strains have been reported in many countries except for china. here, we report an intra-genogroup recombination of porcine sav identified from a piglet with diarrhea of china.201728302145
il-22 suppresses the infection of porcine enteric coronaviruses and rotavirus by activating stat3 signal pathway.interleukin-22 (il-22), a member of the il-10 superfamily, plays essential roles in fighting against mucosal microbial infection and maintaining mucosal barrier integrity within the intestine. however, little knowledge exists on the ability of porcine il-22 (pil-22) to fight against viral infection in the gut. in this study, we found that recombinant mature pil-22 (mpil-22) inhibited the infection of multiple diarrhea viruses, including alpha coronavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), ...201728322925
identification and characterization of a human g9p[23] rotavirus strain from a child with diarrhoea in thailand: evidence for porcine-to-human interspecies transmission.an unusual rotavirus strain with the g9p[23] genotype (rva/human-wt/tha/kkl-117/2014/g9p[23]) was identified in a stool specimen from a 10-month-old child hospitalized with severe diarrhoea. in this study, we sequenced and characterized the complete genome of strain kkl-117. on full-genomic analysis, strain kkl-117 was found to have the following genotype constellation: g9-p[23]-i5-r1-c1-m1-a8-n1-t1-e1-h1. the non-g/p genotype constellation of this strain (i5-r1-c1-m1-a8-n1-t1-e1-h1) is commonly ...201728382902
porcine rotaviruses: epidemiology, immune responses and control strategies.rotaviruses (rvs) are a major cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in young animals and children worldwide. immunocompetent adults of different species become resistant to clinical disease due to post-infection immunity, immune system maturation and gut physiological changes. of the 9 rv genogroups (a-i), rv a, b, and c (rva, rvb, and rvc, respectively) are associated with diarrhea in piglets. although discovered decades ago, porcine genogroup e rvs (rve) are uncommon and their pathogenesis is n ...201728335454
dietary pectic oligosaccharide administration improves growth performance and immunity in weaned pigs infected by rotavirus.rotavirus infection is one of the main pathogenic causes of gastroenteritis and diarrhea in children and young animals. the present study aimed to determine whether dietary pectic oligosaccharide (pos) supplementation could improve the growth performance and immunity in weaned pigs infected by porcine rotavirus (prv). twenty-eight crossbred weaned galts were randomly divided into two groups fed basal diet with or without pos for 18 days. on the 15th day, prv was orally infused to half of the pig ...201728320203
analysis of porcine rotavirus a enterotoxin gene for structure-function relationship.rotavirus (rv) infected piglets are presumed to be the latent sources of heterologous rv infection to humans and other animals. in rvs, non-structural protein 4 (nsp4) is the major virulence factor with pleiotropic properties. in this study, we analyzed nsp4 gene from porcine rvs, isolated from diarrheic and non-diarrheic cases, at different levels of protein folding to explore any correlation with their diarrhea inducing capabilities and evolution of nsp4 in porcine population. the full length ...201728057906
whole genome analysis provides evidence for porcine-to-simian interspecies transmission of rotavirus-a.we report here whole genome analysis of a porcine rotavirus-a (rva) strain rva/pig-wt/kna/et8b/2015/g5p[13] detected in a diarrheic piglet, and nearly whole genome (except for vp4 gene) analysis of a simian rva strain rva/simian-wt/kna/08979/2015/g5p[x] detected in a non-diarrheic african green monkey (agm) on the island of st. kitts, caribbean region. strain et8b exhibited a g5-p[13]-i5-r1-c1-m1-a8-n1-t7-e1-h1 genotype constellation that was identical to those of brazilian porcine rva g5p[13] s ...201728039076
milk oligosaccharides inhibit human rotavirus infectivity in ma104 cells.background: oligosaccharides in milk act as soluble decoy receptors and prevent pathogen adhesion to the infant gut. milk oligosaccharides reduce infectivity of a porcine rotavirus strain; however, the effects on human rotaviruses are less well understood.objective: in this study, we determined the effect of specific and abundant milk oligosaccharides on the infectivity of 2 globally dominant human rotavirus strains.methods: four milk oligosaccharides-2'-fucosyllactose (2'fl), 3'-sialyllactose ( ...201728637685
development and validation of monoclonal antibody-based antigen capture elisa for detection of group a porcine rotavirus.porcine rotavirus-a (porva) is one of the common causes of mild to severe dehydrating diarrhea, leading to losses in weaning and postweaning piglets. a rapid, highly specific, and sensitive antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ac-elisa) was developed for detection of porva, by using vp6 (a highly conserved and antigenic protein of group-a rotavirus)-directed rabbit polyclonal antibodies (capture antibody) and murine monoclonal antibodies (detector antibody). the detection limit of ...201728414586
changes of haemogram and serum biochemistry in neonatal piglet diarrhoea associated with porcine rotavirus type a.porcine rotavirus type a (rva) is a major cause of neonatal piglet mortality in india. the effect of the disease on haemogram and serum biochemical profile is not well established in piglets. accordingly, we assessed the haemogram and serum biochemical profile in the neonatal piglet diarrhoea with rva infection (n = 17). the diagnosis of rva was confirmed using rna-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (rna-page), commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kit and reverse tran ...201728752213
murine bone marrow-derived dcs activated by porcine rotavirus stimulate the th1 subtype response in vitro.rotavirus (rv) infection causes acute, watery dehydrating diarrhea and even death in infants and other young animals, resulting in a severe economic burden; however, little is known about the innate immune mechanisms associated with rv infection. dendritic cells (dcs), which are professional antigen-presenting cells (apcs), serve as a bridge connecting the innate and adaptive immune system. in this study, the interaction between murine bone marrow-derived dcs (bmdcs) and porcine rotavirus (prv) ...201728710013
unexpected detection of porcine rotavirus c strains carrying human origin vp6 gene.rotavirus c (rvc), a known etiological agent of diarrheal outbreaks, mainly inflicts swine population globally with sporadic incidence in human, cattle, ferret, mink and dog.201728643555
dietary human milk oligosaccharides but not prebiotic oligosaccharides increase circulating natural killer cell and mesenteric lymph node memory t cell populations in noninfected and rotavirus-infected neonatal piglets.background: human milk oligosaccharides (hmos) have antimicrobial and immunomodulatory actions. it has previously been reported that these oligosaccharides contribute to the reduced duration of rotavirus-induced diarrhea in pigs.objective: we measured the effects of hmos and prebiotic oligosaccharides on immune cell populations from noninfected and rotavirus-infected pigs. we hypothesized that dietary hmos would modulate systemic and gastrointestinal immunity.methods: colostrum-deprived newborn ...201728490677
genotypic and epitope characteristics of group a porcine rotavirus strains circulating in canada.surveillance of rotavirus a (rva) infections in north america swine populations are limited and not performed over a significant time period to properly assess the diversity of rva strains in swine. the vp7 (g) and vp4 (p) genes of 32 canadian rva strains, circulating between 2009 and 2015 were sequenced, identifying the g3p[13], g5p[7], g9p[7], g9[13], and g9[19] genotype combinations. the canadian rva strains were compared to the rva strains present in the swine prosystems rce rotavirus vaccin ...201728399437
the interaction of rotavirus a pig/china/nmtl/2008/g9p[23] vp6 with cellular beta-actin is required for optimal rv replication and infectivity.vp6 forms the intermediate layer of the rotavirus (rv) capsid, and it plays important roles after rv penetration and uncoating. these functions rely on its ability to interact with host cell proteins. to gain further insights into the role of vp6 in porcine rv (porv) infection, a glutathione s-transferase pull-down assay was utilized to find unknown cellular factors that interact with vp6. in this study, beta-actin, tropomyosin 1, and 40s ribosomal protein s16 were identified as interaction part ...201627938672
occurrence and sequence analysis of porcine deltacoronaviruses in southern china.following the initial isolation of porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) from pigs with diarrheal disease in the united states in 2014, the virus has been detected on swine farms in some provinces of china. to date, little is known about the molecular epidemiology of pdcov in southern china where major swine production is operated.201627496131
the rate of co-infection for piglet diarrhea viruses in china and the genetic characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine kobuvirus.piglet diarrhea epidemics result in major economic losses for the swine industry. four viruses are closely linked to porcine diarrhea: porcine kobuvirus (pkv), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and porcine rotavirus (prov). we have conducted an epidemiology study to determine the frequency of infection and co-infection with these viruses in china, and characterized the genetic variation of the isolated pedv and pkv strains. stool and inte ...201626982468
neonatal mortality, vesicular lesions and lameness associated with senecavirus a in a u.s. sow farm.a 300-sow farrow-to-finish swine operation in the united states experienced a sudden and severe increase in mortality in neonatal piglets with high morbidity followed by vesicular lesions on the snout and feet of adult females and males. affected live piglets were submitted for diagnostic investigation. samples tested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) negative for foot-and-mouth disease virus, porcine delta coronavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus, porcine rotavirus types a, b and c, transmis ...201627213868
directed chromosomal integration and expression of porcine rotavirus outer capsid protein vp4 in lactobacillus casei atcc393.using two-step plasmid integration in the presence of 5-fluorouracil (5-fu), we developed a stable and markerless lactobacillus casei strain for vaccine antigen expression. the upp of l. casei, which encodes uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (uprtase), was used as a counterselection marker. we employed the δupp isogenic mutant, which is resistant to 5-fu, as host and a temperature-sensitive suicide plasmid bearing upp expression cassette as counterselectable integration vector. extrachromosomal e ...201627557715
dietary lactobacillus rhamnosus gg supplementation improves the mucosal barrier function in the intestine of weaned piglets challenged by porcine rotavirus.lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) has been regarded as a safe probiotic strain. the aim of this study was to investigate whether dietary lgg supplementation could alleviate diarrhea via improving jejunal mucosal barrier function in the weaned piglets challenged by rv, and further analyze the potential roles for apoptosis of jejunal mucosal cells and intestinal microbiota. a total of 24 crossbred barrows weaned at 21 d of age were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 diets: the basal diet and lgg supplemen ...201626727003
polarized rotavirus entry and release from differentiated small intestinal cells.rotaviruses infect mature enterocytes from small intestine, however most data about their cellular entry are from studies carried out in non-intestinal polarized or non-polarized cell lines. in this work the entry of porcine rotavirus ym strain into small intestinal cell line ipec-j2 was studied. it was found that ym and the human rotavirus wa strain infect preferentially from the basolateral cell surface. cell infection from the apical and basolateral surfaces was dependent on the presence of c ...201627639572
effect of leaf surface chemical properties on efficacy of sanitizer for rotavirus inactivation.the use of sanitizers is essential for produce safety. however, little is known about how sanitizer efficacy varies with respect to the chemical surface properties of produce. to answer this question, the disinfection efficacies of an oxidant-based sanitizer and a new surfactant-based sanitizer for porcine rotavirus (prv) strain osu were examined. prv was attached to the leaf surfaces of two kale cultivars with high epicuticular wax contents and one cultivar of endive with a low epicuticular wax ...201627520815
whole genome sequences of japanese porcine species c rotaviruses reveal a high diversity of genotypes of individual genes and will contribute to a comprehensive, generally accepted classification system.porcine rotavirus c (rvc) is distributed throughout the world and is thought to be a pathogenic agent of diarrhea in piglets. although, the vp7, vp4, and vp6 gene sequences of japanese porcine rvcs are currently available, there is no whole-genome sequence data of japanese rvc. furthermore, only one to three sequences are available for porcine rvc vp1-vp3 and nsp1-nsp3 genes. therefore, we determined nearly full-length whole-genome sequences of nine japanese porcine rvcs from seven piglets with ...201627353186
characterization of a genetically heterogeneous porcine rotavirus c, and other viruses present in the fecal virome of a non-diarrheic belgian piglet.next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies are becoming increasingly accessible, leading to an expanded interest in the composition of the porcine enteric virome. in the present study, the fecal virome of a non-diarrheic belgian piglet was determined. although the virome of only a single piglet was analyzed, some interesting data were obtained, including the second complete genome of a pig group c rotavirus (rvc). this belgian strain was only distantly related to the only other completely cha ...201627184192
genomic sequence of the first porcine rotavirus group h strain in the united states.the genomic sequence of a rotavirus group h was identified in the intestine of a diarrheal pig in the united states, designated rvh/pig-wt/usa/mn9.65/2008/gxp[x].201626966223
phylogenetic inference of the porcine rotavirus a origin of the human g1 vp7 gene.rotavirus a (rva) is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. the most common vp7 genotype of human rva is g1, but g1 is rarely detected in porcine strains. to understand the evolutionary relationships between human and porcine g1 vp7 genes, we sequenced the vp7 genes of three japanese g1 porcine strains; the first two (prv2, s80b) were isolated in 1980 and the third (kyusyu-14) was isolated in 2001. then, we performed phylogenetic and in-silico structural analyses. all ...201626961591
genetic heterogeneity of the vp6 gene and predominance of g6p[5] genotypes of brazilian porcine rotavirus c field strains.the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of the vp6, vp7, and vp4 genes of 15 brazilian wild-type porcine rvc strains identified in diarrheic fecal samples. the vp6 gene analysis demonstrated heterogeneity between the 15 rvc strains, which clustered in three distinct genotypes (i1, i5, and i6). in the vp7 and vp4 gene analysis, the genotype combination g6p[4] was detected in only one strain (uel-77), while g6p[5] was the most commonly (n = 14) detected in rvc strains identi ...201626758732
complete genome analyses of the first porcine rotavirus group h identified from a south african pig does not provide evidence for recent interspecies transmission events.rotaviruses (rvs) are classified into eight species/groups (rva-rvh) according to the migration patterns of their 11 genome segments, as well as by serological and molecular properties of viral protein 6 (vp6). in 1997 a new unclassified rv was reported infecting adults in bangladesh and china. this virus was initially named novel adult diarrhoea rotavirus (adrv-n), but later renamed as rvh. since then, rvh has been detected in humans only very sporadically. however, rvh is increasingly being de ...201626658066
establishment of a nanoparticle-assisted rt-pcr assay to distinguish field strains and attenuated strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) can cause serious disease and even death in neonatal piglets, resulting in serious damage to the swine industry worldwide. open reading frame 3 (orf3) is the only accessory gene in the pedv genome. previous studies have indicated that pedv vaccine strains have a partial deletion in orf3. in this study, a nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (nanoparticle-assisted rt-pcr) assay targeting the orf3 of pedv was developed to distinguish pedv field str ...201627287433
diversity of vp7, vp4, vp6, nsp2, nsp4, and nsp5 genes of porcine rotavirus c: phylogenetic analysis and description of potential new vp7, vp4, vp6, and nsp4 genotypes.rotavirus c (rvc) is a cause of gastroenteritis in swine and has a worldwide distribution. a total of 448 intestinal or faecal samples from pigs of all ages were tested for viruses causing gastroenteritis. rvc was detected in 118 samples (26.3%). to gain information on virus diversity, the complete coding nucleotide sequences of the vp7, vp4, vp6, nsp2, nsp4, and nsp5 genes of seven rvc strains were determined. phylogenetic analysis of vp7 nucleotide sequence divided studied czech strains into s ...201525951969
the use of convalescent sera in immune-electron microscopy to detect non-suspected/new viral agents.negative staining electron microscopy methods can be employed for the diagnosis of viral particles in animal samples. in fact, negative staining electron microscopy methods are used to identify viruses, especially in minor species and wild animals, when no other methods are available and in cases of rare, emerging or re-emerging infections. in particular, immune-electron-microscopy with convalescent sera is employed to detect etiological agents when there are undiagnosed clinical outbreaks, when ...201526008707
comparative in vitro and in vivo studies of porcine rotavirus g9p[13] and human rotavirus wa g1p[8].the changing epidemiology of group a rotavirus (rv) strains in humans and swine, including emerging g9 strains, poses new challenges to current vaccines. in this study, we comparatively assessed the pathogenesis of porcine rv (prv) g9p[13] and evaluated the short-term cross-protection between this strain and human rv (hrv) wa g1p[8] in gnotobiotic pigs. complete genome sequencing demonstrated that prv g9p[13] possessed a human-like g9 vp7 genotype but shared higher overall nucleotide identity wi ...201526468523
whole genomic analysis of a porcine g6p[13] rotavirus strain.we report here the whole genomic analysis of an unusual porcine g6p[13] rotavirus-a (rva) strain, rva/pig-wt/ind/hp113/2002/g6p[13], detected from a diarrheic piglet in eastern india in 2002. strain hp113 exhibited a g6-p[13]-i2-r1-c1-m1-a1-n1-t7-e1-h1 genotype constellation, not reported previously. the vp1, vp3, vp4, nsp1 and nsp3-nsp5 genes of rva strain hp113 were found to be closely related to those of porcine and/or porcine-like human rvas. on the other hand, the nsp2 gene of hp113 was fou ...201526454565
efficacy of disinfectants against porcine rotavirus in the presence and absence of organic matter.rotavirus is an enteric pathogen that causes morbidity and mortality in young mammals, including pigs. outbreaks of rotavirus on commercial farms have a significant economic impact in terms of losses in production. effective cleaning and disinfection along with good farm management can reduce rotavirus contamination in the environment, and decrease the chance of outbreaks of disease. this study investigated the efficacy of six commercial disinfectants against ms2 bacteriophage and group a porcin ...201526427034
dietary leucine supplementation improves the mucin production in the jejunal mucosa of the weaned pigs challenged by porcine rotavirus.the present study was mainly conducted to determine whether dietary leucine supplementation could attenuate the decrease of the mucin production in the jejunal mucosa of weaned pigs infected by porcine rotavirus (prv). a total of 24 crossbred barrows weaned at 21 d of age were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 diets supplemented with 1.00% l-leucine or 0.68% l-alanine (isonitrogenous control) for 17 d. on day 11, all pigs were orally infused prv or the sterile essential medium. during the first 10 d o ...201526336074
immunogenicity of porcine p[6], p[7]-specific △vp8* rotavirus subunit vaccines with a tetanus toxoid universal t cell epitope.currently, commercial porcine rotavirus vaccines remain varied limitations. the objective of this study is to develop an alternative porcine rotavirus subunit vaccine candidate by parenteral administration, which enables to elicit robust immune responses against most prevalence porcine rotavirus strains. the bacterially-expressed porcine rotavirus p[6]- or p[7]-specific truncated vp8* (aa 64-223) recombinant protein with or without a universal tetanus toxoid cd4(+) t cell epitope p2 was generate ...201526192360
influence of epicuticular physicochemical properties on porcine rotavirus adsorption to 24 leafy green vegetables and tomatoes.foodborne diseases are a persistent problem in the united states and worldwide. fresh produce, especially those used as raw foods like salad vegetables, can be contaminated, causing illness. in this study, we determined the number of rotaviruses adsorbed on produce surfaces using group a porcine rotaviruses and 24 cultivars of leafy vegetables and tomato fruits. we also characterized the physicochemical properties of each produce's outermost surface layer, known as the epicuticle. the number of ...201526181904
effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 on rotavirus replication and gene expressions of rig-i signalling molecule in porcine rotavirus-infected ipec-j2 cells.the study evaluated whether a 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 (25d3) supplementation decreases the replication of rotavirus by the retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i) signalling pathway in a porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line (ipec-j2). the results show that ipec-j2 cells express high baseline levels of 1α-hydroxylase (cyp27b1), which converts inactive 25d3 to the active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 (1,25d3). porcine rotavirus (prv) infection alone resulted in a significant increase in cyp27b1 mr ...201525897656
isolation, molecular characterization and evaluation of the pathogenicity of a porcine rotavirus isolated from jiangsu province, china.in this study, a porcine rotavirus was isolated from a fecal sample from a diarrheic piglet in jiangsu province, china. rotavirus-specific cytopathic effects were observed after 12 blind passages on ma-104 cells, yielding a virus titer of 10(6.125) tcid50/ml. by applying an 80 % nucleotide cutoff value and the rotac(2.0) automated genotyping tool, the vp4 genotype of the new isolate was identified as p[7]. the vp7 genotype was identified as g[9], lineage vi, and sublineage c. experimentally infe ...201525742930
nsp1 of human rotaviruses commonly inhibits nf-κb signalling by inducing β-trcp degradation.rotavirus is a leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants worldwide. rotavirus nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) is a virulence factor that inhibits innate host immune responses. nsp1 from some rotaviruses targets host interferon response factors (irfs), leading to inhibition of type i interferon expression. a few rotaviruses encode an nsp1 that inhibits the nf-κb pathway by targeting β-trcp, a protein required for iκb degradation and nf-κb activation. available evidence suggests that these ...201525701827
analysis of genetic divergence among strains of porcine rotavirus c, with focus on vp4 and vp7 genotypes in japan.porcine rotavirus c (rvc) has been often detected in sporadic cases or outbreaks of diarrhoea in suckling and weaned pigs. surveillance studies of rvcs have demonstrated high prevalence in the united states, and japan, and some other countries. to date, the zoonotic impact and pathogenicity of rvcs are not well understood, and only a few complete sequences of rvcs are available. the aim of this study was to perform sequence and phylogenetic analyses for the vp4 and vp7 genes of the 22 porcine rv ...201525499298
genetic variability of vp6, vp7, vp4, and nsp4 genes of porcine rotavirus group h detected in brazil.rotaviruses (rv) are a common cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans and animals. despite the seven groups/species of rv (a-g), recently it was proposed the creation of a new rv group/specie h (rvh) based on vp6 sequence analysis. in this study we determined the vp6, vp7, vp4, and nsp4 nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of 6 (br59-br64) rvh-positive stool specimens obtained from piglets with diarrhea in mato grosso do sul, central-west region of brazil in 2012, using rt-pcr assay. bas ...201525499297
rapid detection and high occurrence of porcine rotavirus a, b, and c by rt-qpcr in diagnostic samples.rotaviruses are important cause of diarrhea in animals, including humans. currently, rotavirus species a, b, c, e, and h (rva-rvc, rve, and rvh) have been identified in pigs. traditionally, rva has been considered the primary cause of diarrhea in pigs, and rvb and rvc had been described sporadically in pigs until recently. qualitative porcine rva, rvb, and rvc rt-pcr (rt-qpcr) assays were designed and 7508 porcine diarrheic samples, submitted to university of minnesota, were tested to estimate t ...201425194889
genetic diversity of porcine group a rotavirus strains in the uk.rotavirus is endemic in pig farms where it causes a loss in production. this study is the first to characterise porcine rotavirus circulating in uk pigs. samples from diarrheic pigs with rotavirus enteritis obtained between 2010 and 2012 were genotyped in order to determine the diversity of group a rotavirus (garv) in uk pigs. a wide range of rotavirus genotypes were identified in uk pigs: six g types (vp7); g2, g3, g4, g5, g9 and g11 and six p types (vp4); p[6], p[7], p[8], p[13], p[23], and p[ ...201425123085
phylogenetic characterization of vp6 gene (inner capsid) of porcine rotavirus c collected in japan.porcine rotavirus c (rvc) has been often detected in sporadic cases or outbreaks of diarrhea in suckling and weaned pigs. previous surveillance studies using both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in some countries including japan and the united states have demonstrated a high prevalence of porcine rvcs. in order to understand the phylogenetic relatedness of rvcs, we performed genetic analysis of vp6 gene encoding inner capsid protein by using ...201424929122
species h rotavirus detected in piglets with diarrhea, brazil, 2012.we determined nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the rotavirus gene encoding viral protein 6 from 3 fecal samples collected from piglets with diarrhea in brazil, 2012. the analyses showed that the porcine rotavirus strains in brazil are closely related to the novel species h rotavirus.201424855935
alterations in oxidant/antioxidant balance, high-mobility group box 1 protein and acute phase response in cross-bred suckling piglets suffering from rotaviral enteritis.rotaviral enteritis has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in piglets during their post-natal life. the present study was carried out to examine high-mobility group box 1 (hmgb1) protein, acute phase response and oxidative stress indices in the serum of suckling piglets suffering from enteritis with or without association of porcine group a rotavirus infection. the present investigation utilized 23 clinical cases with signs of acute enteritis and 12 more healthy piglets of a sim ...201424848720
dietary vitamin d supplementation attenuates immune responses of pigs challenged with rotavirus potentially through the retinoic acid-inducible gene i signalling pathway.in the present study, twenty-four duroc × landrance × yorkshire (initial body weight (bw) of 21·82 (sem 2·06) kg) cross-bred pigs were used to determine whether dietary vitamin d supplementation could confer protection against viral infections through the retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i) signalling pathway in pigs. experimental treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial manner with the main effects of immune challenge (control v. porcine rotavirus (prv) challenge) and dietary concentrat ...201424833277
full-length genomic analysis of porcine rotavirus strains isolated from pigs with diarrhea in northern italy.group a rotaviruses (rva) cause acute dehydrating diarrhea in young of man and many animal species, including pigs. swine rva has an important economic impact on the farming industry, and pigs represent a potential reservoir for zoonotic transmission of rva to humans. to investigate the genetic diversity of porcine rva strains in italy and identify their possible zoonotic characteristics, 25 rva-positive feces were collected from diarrheic pigs in northern italy, in 2009-2010; all viral strains ...201424704759
anti-rotavirus effects by combination therapy of stevioside and sophora flavescens extract.anti-rotaviral activities of sophora flavescens extract (sfe) and stevioside (sv) from stevia rebaudiana bertoni either singly or in various combinations were examined in vitro and in vivo using a porcine rotavirus g5[p7] strain. combination of sfe and sv inhibited in vitro virus replication more efficiently than each single treatment. in the piglet model, sv had no effect on rotavirus enteritis, whereas sfe improved but did not completely cure rotaviral enteritis. interestingly, combination the ...201424704033
immortalized porcine intestinal epithelial cell cultures susceptible to porcine rotavirus infection.in vitro studies related to various viral pathogenesis in swine have been hampered by the lack of relevant porcine cell lines. the susceptibility to porcine rotavirus infection was evaluated by using a newly established porcine intestinal epithelial cell line. immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin confirmed that the cultured cells were epithelial cells. measurement of cell viability and detection of infected cells confirmed that these epithelial cells were susceptible to porcine rotavirus ...201424642240
human milk oligosaccharides shorten rotavirus-induced diarrhea and modulate piglet mucosal immunity and colonic microbiota.the impact of human milk oligosaccharides (hmo) on mucosal immunity, gut microbiota and response to rotavirus (rv) infection was investigated in the piglet model. newborn piglets were fed with formula alone (ff) or formula supplemented with 4 g l(-1) hmo (hmo) or a prebiotic mixture of 9:1 short-chain galactooligosaccharides (3.6 g l(-1)) and long-chain fructooligosaccharides (0.4 g l(-1)) (pre) (n=19-21 per group) for 15 days. piglets (n=7-8) in each dietary group were orally infected with porc ...201424522264
a rare g1p[6] super-short human rotavirus strain carrying an h2 genotype on the genetic background of a porcine rotavirus.rotavirus strains with a rearranged 11th genome segment may show super-short rna electropherotypes. examples from human strains were limited to seven strains, 69m, 57m, b37, mc345, au19, b4106 and be2001, which have a variety of g and p genotypes. au19 is a rare g1p[6] human rotavirus strain detected in a japanese infant with severe acute gastroenteritis. this study was undertaken to better understand the origin of au19 by determining the genotype constellation of au19. upon nearly-full genome s ...201424316290
prevalence study and phylogenetic analysis of group c porcine rotavirus in the czech republic revealed a high level of vp6 gene heterogeneity within porcine cluster i1.group c rotavirus (rvc) has been described to be a causative agent of gastroenteritis in humans and animals. in the current study, the presence of porcine rvc was confirmed in 25.6 % of 293 porcine faecal samples collected from seven czech farms. a significantly larger (p < 0.05) number of rvc-positive samples was detected in groups of finisher pigs and post-weaning piglets (4-12 weeks of age). phylogenetic analysis of nine rvc-positive czech strains and their comparison with available sequence ...201424212886
rotavirus associated gastroenteritis in thailand.group a rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children, and in young animals of many species worldwide. rotavirus is also the major cause of deaths of children younger than 5 years of age, particularly, in developing countries in asia and africa. in thailand, the burden of rotavirus infection rate in children admitted to the hospitals with acute gastroenteritis ranged from 28.4 to 44.5 %. the seasonality of rotavirus gastroenteritis in thailand was detected all-y ...201425674586
porcine group a rotaviruses with heterogeneous vp7 and vp4 genotype combinations can be found together with enteric bacteria on belgian swine farms.group a rotaviruses (rva) are an important cause of diarrhea in young piglets, resulting in significant economic losses. however, the role of rva in the etiology of piglet diarrhea on belgian swine farms was previously unreported. in the present study, different techniques, including fast antigen detection tests, virus isolation, rt-pcr and rt-qpcr have been applied for detection of rva in diarrheic (n=28) and asymptomatic (n=6) fecal samples collected on belgian pig farms. rt-qpcr was shown to ...201424837191
development of porcine rotavirus vp6 protein based elisa for differentiation of this virus and other viruses.the context and purpose of the study included 1) bacterial expression of viral protein 6 (vp6) of porcine rotavirus (prv) and generation of rabbit polyclonal antiserum to the vp6 protein; 3) establishment of a discrimination elisa to distinguish prv from a panel of other porcine viruses.201323517810
sunlight-induced inactivation of human wa and porcine osu rotaviruses in the presence of exogenous photosensitizers.human rotavirus wa and porcine rotavirus osu solutions were irradiated with simulated solar uv and visible light in the presence of different photosensitizers dissolved in buffered solutions. for human rotavirus, the exogenous effects were greater than the endogenous effects under irradiation with full spectrum and uva and visible light at 25 °c. for porcine rotavirus, the exogenous effects with uva and visible light irradiation were only observed at high temperatures, >40 °c. the results from d ...201323978054
construction of an artificial recombinant bicistronic plasmid dna vaccine against porcine rotavirus.the attenuated salmonella typhimurium χ4550 strain was used to harbour a reconstructed bicistronic dna vaccine against porcine rotavirus, which carried the rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (nsp4) and vp7 genes simultaneously. using a balanced lethal system, the kanamycin resistance gene of expressing eukaryotic plasmids pvax1 and pvaxd were replaced by the aspartate β-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (asd) gene. the nsp4 cleavage product (259-525) of rotavirus osu strain and vp7 full-length genes wer ...201323718860
whole genomic analysis of a porcine-like human g5p[6] rotavirus strain isolated from a child with diarrhoea and encephalopathy in japan.an unusual rotavirus strain, ryukyu-1120, with g5p[6] genotypes (rva/human-wt/jpn/ryukyu-1120/2011/g5p[6]) was identified in a stool specimen from a hospitalized child aged 4 years who showed diarrhoea and encephalopathy. in this study, we sequenced and characterized the complete genome of strain ryukyu-1120. on whole genomic analysis, this strain was found to have a unique genotype constellation: g5-p[6]-i5-r1-c1-m1-a8-n1-t1-e1-h1. the vp6 and nsp1 genotypes i5 and a8 are those commonly found i ...201323515025
rotavirus acceleration of murine type 1 diabetes is associated with a t helper 1-dependent specific serum antibody response and virus effects in regional lymph nodes.rotavirus infection in at-risk children correlates with production of serum autoantibodies indicative of type 1 diabetes progression. oral infection with rhesus monkey rotavirus (rrv) accelerates diabetes onset in mice. this relates to their rotavirus-specific serum antibody titre and local pro-inflammatory cytokine induction without pancreatic infection. our aim was to further investigate the roles of serum antibodies and viral extra-intestinal spread in diabetes acceleration by rotavirus.201323238791
full-length genome analysis of g2, g9 and g11 porcine group a rotaviruses.group a rotaviruses with g2 and g9 vp7 specificity are common in humans, while g11 strains have been detected only sporadically. g2, g9 and g11 rotaviruses also circulate in pigs and swine rotaviruses have been suspected of interspecies and zoonotic transmissions in numerous studies. however, the complete gene constellation of g2 and g9 porcine rotaviruses has not yet been determined. in order to start filling this gap, the genomic make up of two g2, one g9 and one g11 porcine rotavirus strains, ...201323017831
prevalence and genotypic (g and p) determination of porcine group a rotaviruses from different regions of india.group a rotaviruses can infect both humans and animals and have been recognized as an important cause of diarrhea in porcine. in this study, we report the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses detected in piglets in different regions of india. a total 275 fecal samples (180 diarrheal and 95 non-diarrheal) from piglets were collected from the western (135), southern (60), northern (20), and north-eastern hill (neh) (60) regions of india and tested for rotaviruses. all the samples w ...201323011672
genetic diversity and novel combinations of g4p[19] and g9p[19] porcine rotavirus strains in thailand.several epidemiological studies reported the detection of rotavirus strains bearing unusual combinations of genetic background of human and porcine rotaviruses. this observation supports the hypothesis of interspecies transmission of rotaviruses in humans and pigs. the aims of this study were to investigate the genotypes and molecular characteristics of rotaviruses in piglets with diarrhea in several farms from two provinces in thailand. a total of 207 fecal specimens collected from diarrheic pi ...201322884282
a serological survey of selected pathogens in wild boar (sus scrofa) in northern turkey.during the hunting season in march 2012, a total of 93 blood samples were collected from wild boars (sus scrofa) shot in the area of northern turkey (samsun and gumushane provinces). these blood samples were examined by enzyme immunoassay (elisa) for the presence of antibodies to classical swine fever virus (csfv), aujeszky's disease virus (adv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv), swine influenza virus (siv), porcine parvovirus (p ...201332214940
phylogenetic analysis of nonstructural protein 5 (nsp5) gene sequences in porcine rotavirus b strains.porcine rotavirus b (rvb) has frequently been detected in the diarrhea of suckling and weaned pigs. because it is difficult to propagate rvbs serially in cell culture, little genetic information about rna segments other than vp7, nsp1 and nsp2 is available for porcine rvbs. we conducted a phylogenetic analysis focusing on nonstructural protein 5 (nsp5) using 22 porcine rvb strains, which were identified in fecal samples collected around japan. sequence analysis showed that nsp5 genes of rvbs con ...201222871651
detection of rare reassortant g5p[6] rotavirus, bulgaria.during the ongoing rotavirus strain surveillance program conducted in bulgaria, an unusual human rotavirus a (rva) strain, rva/human/bg/bg620/2008/g5p[6], was identified among 2200 genotyped bulgarian rvas. this strain showed the following genomic configuration: g5-p[6]-i1-r1-c1-m1-a8-n1-t1-e1-h1. phylogenetic analysis of the genes encoding the neutralization proteins and backbone genes identified a probable mixture of rva genes of human and porcine origin. the vp1, vp6 and nsp2 genes were more ...201222850117
molecular characterization of a rare g9p[23] porcine rotavirus isolate from china.the fifth most important g genotype, g9 rotavirus, is recognized as an emerging genotype that is spreading around the world. sequence analysis was completed of a rare group a rotavirus, strain g9p[23], that was designated rotavirus a pig/china/nmtl/2008/g9p[23] and abbreviated as nmtl. it was isolated from a piglet with diarrhea in china. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the vp7 gene clustered within the g9 lineage vid. the vp4 gene clustered within the rare p[23] genotype. nmtl is the ...201222729562
identification of porcine rotavirus-like genotype p[6] strains in taiwanese children.the molecular characterization of genotype p[6] rotavirus strains collected from children admitted to hospital with acute dehydrating diarrhoea during a 6-year surveillance period in taiwan is described in this study. in total, three g4p[6] strains, one g5p[6] and one g12p[6] were characterized by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the vp4, vp7, vp6 and nsp4 genes. whilst all four genes of the single taiwanese g12p[6] strain clustered with the respective genes of globally common human rotav ...201222466032
structural basis of rotavirus strain preference toward n-acetyl- or n-glycolylneuraminic acid-containing receptors.the rotavirus spike protein domain vp8* is essential for recognition of cell surface carbohydrate receptors, notably those incorporating n-acylneuraminic acids (members of the sialic acid family). n-acetylneuraminic acids occur naturally in both animals and humans, whereas n-glycolylneuraminic acids are acquired only through dietary uptake in normal human tissues. the preference of animal rotaviruses for these natural n-acylneuraminic acids has not been comprehensively established, and detailed ...201223035213
sequence and phylogenetic analyses of nonstructural protein 2 genes of species b porcine rotaviruses detected in japan during 2001-2009.porcine rotavirus b (rvb) has been often detected in diarrhea of suckling and weaned pigs. because it is difficult to serially cultivate rvbs in cell culture, the number of available sequence data for rna segments other than vp7 and nsp1 in especially porcine rvbs is still limited. we performed genetic analysis focusing on nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) using several porcine rvb strains, which were detected in diarrheic feces collected around japan during 2001-2009. comparison of nsp2 nucleotide ...201222248642
annual changes in predominant genotypes of rotavirus a detected in the feces of pigs in various developmental stages raised on a conventional farm.the goal of the present study was to improve understanding of the ecology of porcine rotavirus a (rva) infection in pigs raised on a conventional farrow-to-finish farm. we collected 145 fecal samples over a 3-year period from suckling pigs and their dams, and pigs at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 days of age. reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that 29 samples (20%) were positive for the viral vp7 gene. the detection rate of vp7 sequences was highest in 30-day-old pigs ( ...201223313539
anti-rotaviral effects of glycyrrhiza uralensis extract in piglets with rotavirus diarrhea.since rotavirus is one of the leading pathogens that cause severe gastroenteritis and represents a serious threat to human and animal health, researchers have been searching for cheap, safe, and effective anti-rotaviral drugs. there is a widespread of interest in using natural products as antiviral agents, and among them, licorice derived from glycyrrhiza spp. has exerted antiviral properties against several viruses. in this study, anti-rotaviral efficacy of glycyrrhiza uralensis extract (gue) a ...201223244491
development of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.in this study, a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was developed for detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). six primers were designed to amplify the nucleocapsid (n) gene of pedv. the optimization, sensitivity, and specificity of the rt-lamp were investigated. the results showed that the optimal reaction condition for rt-lamp amplifying pedv n gene was achieved at 63°c for 50 min. the rt-lamp assay was more sensitive than gel-based rt-pcr and en ...201121286798
porcine rotavirus closely related to novel group of human rotaviruses.we determined nucleotide sequences and inferred amino acid sequences of viral protein (vp) 4, vp6, vp7, and nonstructural protein 4 genes of a porcine rotavirus strain (ska-1) from japan. the strain was closely related to a novel group of human rotavirus strains (b219 and j19).201121801631
detection of a porcine rotavirus strain with vp4, vp7 and nsp4 genes of different animal origins.a new rotavirus strain, sh0902, was detected in diarrheic piglets on a farm in shanghai, china, and its genotype was characterized as g1p[7]. analysis of the vp4, vp7 and nsp4 genes demonstrated vp4 homology to bovine and swine rotavirus strains; the nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) identities were 99.7% and 99.5%, respectively. the vp7 gene was highly homologous to that of a giant panda rotavirus strain, with 98.5% similarity at the nt level and 99% similarity at the aa level. the nucleotide ...201121796401
genetic heterogeneity of wild-type g4p[6] porcine rotavirus strains detected in a diarrhea outbreak in a regularly vaccinated pig herd.group a rotavirus (rv-a) with short electropherotype was identified by ss-page in a neonatal diarrhea outbreak at a brazilian pig farm where the sows were regularly vaccinated with a commercial vaccine containing osu (g5p[7]) and gottfried (g4p[6]) porcine rv-a (porv-a) strains. the ss-page positive stool samples (n=20) were characterized as p[6] genotype by multiplex-nested-rt-pcr assay. the nucleotide analysis of the vp4 gene (vp8*) state that the viruses clustered in p[6] lineages that are al ...201121775076
genetic divergence and classification of nonstructural protein 1 among porcine rotaviruses of species b.porcine rotavirus b (rvb) has been often detected in diarrhea of suckling and weaned pigs. moreover, epidemiological studies using elisa demonstrated high antibody prevalence in sera from sows, indicating that rvb infections are widespread. because it is difficult to serially propagate rvbs in cell culture, genetic analysis of rna segments of porcine rvbs other than those encoding vp7 and nsp2 has been scarcely performed. we conducted sequence and phylogenetic analyses focusing on nonstructural ...201121832005
Rapid and sensitive detection of PRRSV by a reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay.A real-time monitoring reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was developed for the sensitive and specific detection of prototypic, prevalent North American porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains. As a higher sensitivity and specificity method than reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the RT-LAMP method only used a turbidimeter, exhibited a detection limit corresponding to a 10(-4) dilution of template RNA ex ...201121847756
genetic diversity of group a rotaviruses associated with repeated outbreaks of diarrhea in a farrow-to-finish farm: identification of a porcine rotavirus strain bearing a novel vp7 genotype, g26.abstract: group a rotaviruses (gars) are one of the most common causes of diarrhea in suckling pigs. although a number of g and p genotypes have been identified in porcine gars, few attempts have been made to study the molecular epidemiology of these viruses associated with diarrhea outbreaks within a farm over an extended period of time. here, we investigated the molecular characteristics of gars that caused four outbreaks of diarrhea among suckling pigs in a farrow-to-finish farm over the cour ...201122067072
role of temperature and suwannee river natural organic matter on inactivation kinetics of rotavirus and bacteriophage ms2 by solar irradiation.although the sunlight-mediated inactivation of viruses has been recognized as an important process that controls surface water quality, the mechanisms of virus inactivation by sunlight are not yet clearly understood. we investigated the synergistic role of temperature and suwannee river natural organic matter (srnom), an exogenous sensitizer, for sunlight-mediated inactivation of porcine rotavirus and ms2 bacteriophage. upon irradiation by a full spectrum of simulated sunlight in the absence of ...201122017181
diversity and zoonotic potential of rotaviruses in swine and cattle across europe.group a rotaviruses can infect both humans and animals. individual rotavirus strains can occasionally cross species barriers and might hereby contribute to the emergence of new genotypes in heterologous hosts. the incidence and impact of zoonotic rotavirus are not well defined, and one reason for this is a lack of data about strains circulating in suspected reservoir animal hosts. in this study we report the incidence, genetic diversity, and molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses detected in dome ...201122079216
inhibition of rotavirus infectivity by a neoglycolipid receptor mimetic.group a rotaviruses are a major cause of diarrhea in the young of many mammalian species. in rotavirus infected piglets mortality can be as high as 60%. previous research in this laboratory has identified a porcine intestinal gm(3) ganglioside receptor that is required for sialic acid-dependent rotavirus recognition of host cells. in addition, we previously demonstrated exogenously added gm(3) can competitively inhibit porcine rotavirus binding and infectivity of host cells in vitro. sialyllacto ...201122254094
rotavirus enterotoxin nsp4 has mucosal adjuvant properties.rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (nsp4) is a protein with pleiotropic properties. it functions in rotavirus morphogenesis, pathogenesis, and is the first described viral enterotoxin. since many bacterial toxins function as potent mucosal adjuvants, we evaluated whether baculovirus-expressed recombinant simian rotavirus sa11 nsp4 possesses adjuvant activity by co-administering nsp4 with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh), tetanus toxoid (tt) or ovalbumin (ova) as model antigens in mice. following i ...201020197138
isolation and characterization of the first chinese strain of porcine teschovirus-8.investigations were carried out to identify the causal agent of acute diarrhea, respiratory distress, and death of pigs on a swine farm in jilin province, northern china. only porcine teschovirus (ptv, designated as ptv-8 jilin/2003) was isolated from samples of organs. the presence of ptv was confirmed by the production of a specific cytopathic effect on susceptible cells and by the results of the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma), polymerase chain reaction, and electron microscopy. other ...201020362007
porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line (ipec-j2) of rotavirus infection as a new model for the study of innate immune responses to rotaviruses and probiotics.previous studies of epithelial immune responses to rotavirus infection have been conducted in transformed cell lines. in this study, we evaluated a non-transformed porcine jejunum epithelial cell line (ipec-j2) as an in-vitro model of rotavirus infection and probiotic treatment. cell-culture-adapted porcine rotavirus (prv) osu strain, or human rotavirus (hrv) wa strain, along with lactobacillus acidophilus (la) or lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) were used to inoculate ipec-j2 cells. la or lgg t ...201020373994
bile tolerant lactobacillus reuteri isolated from pig feces inhibits enteric bacterial pathogens and porcine rotavirus.lactic acid producing bacterial strain probio-16 was isolated from the swine excrements under anaerobic conditions and characterized by morphology and biochemical characteristics. the strain was further identified by 16s rrna gene sequencing and phylogeneitc analysis. the antimicrobial activity of the strain was assayed by testing for growth inhibition of thirteen pathogenic microorganisms. the strain was tested for antiviral activity against porcine rotavirus in vitro in african green monkey ep ...201020396947
full genomic analysis of a porcine-bovine reassortant g4p[6] rotavirus strain r479 isolated from an infant in china.during the 2004 surveillance of rotaviruses in wuhan, china, a g4p[6] rotavirus strain r479 was isolated from a stool specimen collected from a 2-year-old child with diarrhea. the strain r479 had an uncommon subgroup specificity i + ii, and analysis of the vp6 gene suggested that it was related to porcine rotaviruses. in the present study, full-length nucleotide sequences of all the rna segments of r479 were determined and analyzed phylogenetically to identify the origin of individual rna segmen ...201020419827
oral vaccination with the porcine rotavirus vp4 outer capsid protein expressed by lactococcus lactis induces specific antibody production.the objective of this study to design a delivery system resistant to the gastrointestinal environment for oral vaccine against porcine rotavirus. lactococcus lactis nz9000 was transformed with segments of vp4 of the porcine rotavirus inserted into the pnz8112 surface-expression vector, and a recombinant l. lactis expressing vp4 protein was constructed. an approximately 27 kda vp4 protein was confirmed by sds-page , western blot and immunostaining analysis. balb/c mice were immunized orally with ...201020625406
identification of a g2-like porcine rotavirus bearing a novel vp4 type, p[32].a porcine group a rotavirus (garv) strain, 61/07/ire, was isolated from a 4-5 week asymptomatic piglet, during an epidemiological survey of porcine herds in southern ireland, in 2007. the nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) sequence of the full-length vp4 protein of the porv strain 61/07/ire was determined. based on the entire vp4 open reading frame (nt), strain 61/07/ire displayed ≤76.5% identity to representatives of the established 31 p-types, a value far lower than the percentage identity cu ...201020663474
reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of transmissible gastroenteritis virus.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is the causative agent of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis, and sensitive detection methods are required for preventing the disease. in this article, reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was developed to detect tgev. three pairs of primers targeting the nucleocapsid (n) gene of tgev were synthesized and used in the rt-lamp. the optimization, sensitivity, and specificity of the rt-lamp were evaluated. our results sh ...201021127872
genome sequence based molecular epidemiology of unusual us rotavirus a g9 strains isolated from omaha, usa between 1997 and 2000.after discovery in the early 1980s, rotavirus a serotype g9 was detected infrequently for almost a decade. since the mid-1990s, however, serotype g9 has emerged to become a globally common strain linked to the introduction of a single, new genetic variant of g9 vp7 gene. studies have demonstrated that genetically divergent g9 strains co-circulated at low frequency with the emerging variants. examples include unique u.s. g9 strains om46/hu/usa/1998 and om67/hu/usa/1998, isolated in omaha during t ...201021130184
detection of porcine rotavirus from tissue and faecal specimens.porcine small intestinal sub-mucosa is a cell-free collagen matrix that has demonstrated its ability as a scaffold material. transplantation poses special hazards because grafted tissues and organs transmit pathogens efficiently, especially viruses. rotavirus is thought to be confined to the intestine, causing acute diarrhoea. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the porcine intestinal tissue scaffold for rotavirus and to study the incidence of this virus among pig herds. only one isolate w ...200919384040
comparison of the efficacy of rotavirus vlp vaccines to a live homologous rotavirus vaccine in a pig model of rotavirus disease.rotavirus-like particles (vlps) have shown promise as rotavirus vaccine candidates in mice, rabbits and pigs. in pigs, vlp vaccines reduced rotavirus shedding and disease but only when used in conjunction with live attenuated human rotavirus. using a porcine rotavirus pig model, rotavirus antigen shedding was reduced by up to 40% after vaccination with vlps including the neutralizing antigens vp7 and vp8* when used in combination with the adjuvant polyphosphazene poly[di(carbozylatophenoxy)phosh ...200919446192
multiplex pcr and multiplex rt-pcr for inclusive detection of major swine dna and rna viruses in pigs with multiple infections.multiplex pcr and multiplex rt-pcr were developed to identify nine viruses in pigs with multiple infections. these viruses are: porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), suid herpesvirus 1, porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), japanese encephalitis virus, porcine rotavirus a (porv-a), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and getah virus. these methods were shown to be high specificity and sensitivity. in the ...200919467264
molecular characterization of a rare g1p[19] rotavirus strain from india: evidence of reassortment between human and porcine rotavirus strains.this study pertains to the characterization of a human rotavirus strain (niv929893) with a rare specificity of g1p[19]. three structural genes (vp4, vp6 and vp7) and one non-structural gene (nsp4) of strain niv929893 were subjected to rt-pcr for amplification of entire coding regions. all of the amplicons were sequenced to carry out phylogenetic analysis. the complete amino acid sequences of the vp7 and vp4 gene products showed clustering of the vp7 gene with g1 strains of human origin and the v ...200919679684
molecular characterization of a rare, human-porcine reassortant rotavirus strain, g11p[6], from ecuador.the pan-american health organization established a rotavirus pre-vaccination disease burden and strain surveillance network in latin america and the caribbean in 2004. during strain surveillance in ecuador in 2005-2006, a rare rotavirus genotype, g11p[6], was detected among common strains. sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of this strain identified a novel lineage of the g11 vp7 gene, most closely related to a253 (91.8% nt identity), a porcine rotavirus strain identified in venezuela. most ge ...200919763776
recombinant porcine rotavirus vp4 and vp4-ltb expressed in lactobacillus casei induced mucosal and systemic antibody responses in mice.porcine rotavirus infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the swine industry necessitating the development of effective vaccines for the prevention of infection. immune responses associated with protection are primarily mucosal in nature and induction of mucosal immunity is important for preventing porcine rotavirus infection.200919958557
phylogenetic analysis of porcine rotavirus in argentina: increasing diversity of g4 strains and evidence of interspecies transmission.group a rotaviruses are one of the most frequently detected viral agents associated with neonatal diarrhea in piglets. in order to characterize rotavirus (rv) strains circulating in argentinean swine, four porcine production farms located in buenos aires were studied. rv strains genotyped as p[6]g4, p[6]g8 and p[1]g6 were found in piglets under 30 days of age, without diarrhea. phylogenetic and sequence analysis of the vp7 gene from g4 strains available in databases, reveals five porcine new lin ...200817659850
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