Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| Adenoviral gene expression and replication in human tumor explant models. | Promising results have been reported from numerous studies with replication-selective oncolytic adenoviral mutants as novel treatments for a variety of cancers. Most of these studies were performed in cancer cell lines, dissociated tumor tissue, or animal models, and the predictive utility for efficacy and safety in the clinical setting is unclear. Indeed, the outcome of many clinical trials with viral mutants that demonstrated high efficacy preclinically has so far been disappointing, necessita ... | 2012 | 21948469 |
| Maintaining and loading neural stem cells for delivery of oncolytic adenovirus to brain tumors. | Despite recent advancements in the treatment of cancer, the prognosis for patients with malignant brain tumors remains poor. The success of currently available therapies has been limited in part because of the disseminated nature of these tumors. Furthermore, most of these tumors, when in a high-grade form, are resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy. Taking the above considerations into account, effective treatment of these cancers not only requires the development of new means to target tumor bur ... | 2012 | 21948472 |
| Construction of targeted and armed oncolytic adenoviruses. | Oncolytic (replication-competent) adenoviruses (Ads) represent the most advanced platform for cancer gene therapy. These viral vectors ablate tumors by killing tumor cells in the process of virus replication. As progeny virions are released, they infect remaining cancer cells, generating a bystander effect. Ads engineered for increased cancer specificity produce less damage to normal tissues. First-generation oncolytic Ads have demonstrated acceptable levels of safety while the efficacy was obse ... | 2012 | 21948467 |
| Targeting brain tumor stem cells with oncolytic adenoviruses. | In 2004, brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) were isolated from surgical human malignant gliomas. This cancer cell population has been identified as the root for tumor initiation and resistance to therapies. Thus, it is imperative to develop new therapies that can eradicate this subpopulation to improve the prognosis of patients with brain tumors. Our group previously reported the antiglioma effect of the tumor-selective oncolytic adenovirus Delta-24-RGD that is now being tested in a phase I clinical ... | 2012 | 21948473 |
| syrian hamster tumor model to study oncolytic ad5-based vectors. | oncolytic (replicating) adenovirus (ad) vectors are emerging as a promising form of a cancer therapy agent. there has been a need for an appropriate animal model to study oncolytic ad since human ad -replication is usually species specific. we have shown that syrian (golden) hamsters are an appropriate animal model to study human ad5-based vectors. syrian hamsters are immunocompetent, and they allow human ad5 replication in normal tissues as well as in syrian hamster cancer cells. the developmen ... | 2012 | 21948468 |
| Imaging luciferase-expressing viruses. | Optical imaging of luciferage gene expression has become a powerful tool to track cells and viruses in vivo in small animal models. Luciferase imaging has been used to study the location of infection by replication-defective and replication-competent viruses and to track changes in the distribution of viruses in mouse models. This approach has also been used in oncolytic studies as a noninvasive means to monitor the growth and killing of tumor cells modified with luciferase genes. In this chapte ... | 2012 | 21948470 |
| Full genome analysis of a novel adenovirus from the South Polar skua (Catharacta maccormicki) in Antarctica. | Adenoviruses have been identified in humans and a wide range of vertebrate animals, but not previously from the polar region. Here, we report the entire 26,340-bp genome of a novel adenovirus, detected by PCR, in tissues of six of nine South Polar skuas (Catharacta maccormicki), collected in Lake King Sejong, King George Island, Antarctica, from 2007 to 2009. The DNA polymerase, penton base, hexon and fiber genes of the South Polar skua adenovirus (SPSAdV) exhibited 68.3%, 75.4%, 74.9% and 48.0% ... | 2012 | 22078165 |
| The fecal viral flora of wild rodents. | The frequent interactions of rodents with humans make them a common source of zoonotic infections. To obtain an initial unbiased measure of the viral diversity in the enteric tract of wild rodents we sequenced partially purified, randomly amplified viral RNA and DNA in the feces of 105 wild rodents (mouse, vole, and rat) collected in California and Virginia. We identified in decreasing frequency sequences related to the mammalian viruses families Circoviridae, Picobirnaviridae, Picornaviridae, A ... | 2011 | 21909269 |
| Analysis of enterovirus and adenovirus presence in swimming pools in Cyprus from 2007-2008. | An analysis was carried out to determine the presence of enteroviruses and adenoviruses in public swimming pools in Cyprus. The effectiveness of the commonly implemented disinfection procedure of chlorination was confirmed by determination of bacteriological markers. Analysis of viral presence was carried out by sampling random swimming pools from the five major cities in Cyprus during a period of 21 months spanning from April 2007 to December 2008. A 10 I sample was taken from each swimming poo ... | 2011 | 22049764 |
| isolation, identification, and complete genome sequence of a bovine adenovirus type 3 from cattle in china. | abstract: | 2011 | 22188676 |
| CD8+ cellular immunity mediates rAd5 vaccine protection against Ebola virus infection of nonhuman primates. | Vaccine-induced immunity to Ebola virus infection in nonhuman primates (NHPs) is marked by potent antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses; however, the immune mechanism of protection remains unknown. Here we define the immune basis of protection conferred by a highly protective recombinant adenovirus virus serotype 5 (rAd5) encoding Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP) in NHPs. Passive transfer of high-titer polyclonal antibodies from vaccinated Ebola virus-immune cynomolgus macaques to ... | 2011 | 21857654 |
| Synthesis and in vitro study of antiviral and virucidal activity of novel 2-[(4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)sulfanyl]acetamide derivatives. | 2-[(4-Methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)sulfanyl]acetamide derivatives were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. Cytotoxicity of the compounds towards HEK-293 and GMK cells was evaluated. Moreover, the antiviral and virucidal activities of these compounds against human adenovirus type 5 and ECHO-9 virus were assessed. Some of the newly synthesized derivatives have the potential to reduce the viral replication of both tested viruses. | 2011 | 21950156 |
| Antibody response and virus shedding of chickens inoculated with left end deleted fowl adenovirus 9-based recombinant viruses. | The nonpathogenic fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) are suitable recombinant virus vectors. Two different replication-competent FAdV-9-based recombinant viruses carrying the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene within a nonessential DNA sequence at the left end genomic region were tested in chickens to study the antibody response by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to both the foreign proteins, EGFP and FAdV-9, and virus shedding through the feces. All inoculations were done intramuscularly: ... | 2011 | 22017044 |
| dna damage response signaling triggers nuclear localization of the chicken anemia virus protein apoptin. | the chicken anemia virus (cav) protein apoptin is a small, 13.6-kda protein that has the intriguing activity of inducing g(2)/m arrest and apoptosis specifically in cancer cells by a mechanism that is independent of p53. the activity of apoptin is regulated at the level of localization. whereas apoptin is cytoplasmic in primary cells and does not affect cell growth, in transformed cells it localizes to the nucleus, where it induces apoptosis. the properties of cancer cells that are responsible f ... | 2011 | 21937663 |
| Combining Liver- and Blood-Stage Malaria Viral-Vectored Vaccines: Investigating Mechanisms of CD8+ T Cell Interference. | Replication-deficient adenovirus and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vectors expressing single pre-erythrocytic or blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum Ags have entered clinical testing using a heterologous prime-boost immunization approach. In this study, we investigated the utility of the same immunization regimen when combining viral vectored vaccines expressing the 42-kDa C terminus of the blood-stage Ag merozoite surface protein 1 and the pre-erythrocytic Ag circumsporozoite protein in th ... | 2011 | 21876036 |
| high prevalence of turkey parvovirus in turkey flocks from hungary experiencing enteric disease syndromes. | samples collected in 2008 and 2009, from 49 turkey flocks of 6 to 43 days in age and presenting clinical signs of enteric disease and high mortality, were tested by polymerase chain reaction and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for the presence of viruses currently associated with enteric disease (ed) syndromes: astrovirus, reovirus, rotavirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, and parvovirus. turkey astroviruses were found in 83.67% of the cases and turkey astrovirus 2 (tast-2) in 26.53%. ... | 2011 | 22017049 |
| rapid and efficient clearance of blood-borne virus by liver sinusoidal endothelium. | the liver removes quickly the great bulk of virus circulating in blood, leaving only a small fraction to infect the host, in a manner characteristic of each virus. the scavenger cells of the liver sinusoids are implicated, but the mechanism is entirely unknown. here we show, borrowing a mouse model of adenovirus clearance, that nearly all infused adenovirus is cleared by the liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (lsec). using refined immunofluorescence microscopy techniques for distinguishing macrop ... | 2011 | 21980295 |
| CAR modulates E-cadherin dynamics in the presence of adenovirus type 5. | Adenovirus (Ad) serotype 5 (Ad5) fiber competitively binds to the coxsackievirus and Ad receptor (CAR) to attach Ad5 to target cells and also disrupts cell junctions and facilitates virus escape at a late stage in Ad5 infection. Here we demonstrate that paracellular permeability in MCF7 and CAR overexpressing MCF7 (FLCARMCF7) cells is increased within minutes following the addition of Ad5 to cells. This is brought about, at least in part, by altering the molecular dynamics of E-cadherin, a key c ... | 2011 | 21850251 |
| sequence typing of adenovirus from samples from hematological stem cell transplant recipients. | adenovirus infections are usually mild or even asymptomatic, but infections with the virus are being recognized increasingly as a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the immunocompromised, particularly hematological stem cell transplant patients where infections can be life threatening and mortality may reach 60%. typing by sequencing the hvr7 region of the hexon was established and validated using 60 isolates of different serotypes from the six of the seven species which had been typed pr ... | 2011 | 21915870 |
| Sustained reduction of vein graft neointima formation by ex vivo TIMP-3 gene therapy. | Coronary artery vein graft failure, resulting from thrombosis, intimal thickening, and atherosclerosis, is a significant clinical problem, with approximately 50% of vein grafts failing within 10 years. Intimal thickening is caused by migration of vascular smooth muscle cells from the media to the intima, where they proliferate. Interventions using gene transfer to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration are attractive because ex vivo access to the graft is possible. The ... | 2011 | 21911803 |
| adenovirus. | adenoviruses (adv) are dna viruses that typically cause mild infections involving the upper or lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal (gi) tract, or conjunctiva. rare manifestations of adv infections include hemorrhagic cystitis, hepatitis, hemorrhagic colitis, pancreatitis, nephritis, or encephalitis. adenovirus infections are more common in young children, owing to lack of humoral immunity. epidemics of adv infections may occur in healthy children or adults in closed or crowded settings (pa ... | 2011 | 21858752 |
| complete genome sequence of human adenovirus prototype 17. | as one of the first five human adenoviruses (hadvs) to be sequenced, type 17 was important as a reference tool for comparative genomics of recently isolated hadv pathogens in species d. hadv-d17 was the first species d adenovirus to be sequenced and was deposited in genbank in 1999. these genome data were not of high quality, and a redetermination of the same stock virus provides corrected data; among the differences are a length of 35,139 bp versus 35,100 bp in the original, and 160 mismatches ... | 2011 | 21980031 |
| a novel combination treatment of armed oncolytic adenovirus expressing il-12 and gm-csf with radiotherapy in murine hepatocarcinoma. | in this study, a novel combination treatment of armed oncolytic adenovirus expressing interleukin 12 (il-12) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) with radiation was investigated for antitumor and antimetastatic effect in a murine hepatic cancer (hca-i) model. tumor bearing syngeneic mice were treated with radiation, armed oncolytic virus ad-δe1bmt7 (db7) expressing both il-12 and gm-csf (armed db7), or a combination of both. the adenovirus was administered by intratumora ... | 2011 | 21952320 |
| Duplex PCR assay for the detection of avian adeno virus and chicken anemia virus prevalent in Pakistan. | Avian Adeno viruses and Chicken Anemia Viruses cause serious economic losses to the poultry industry of Pakistan each year. Timely and efficient diagnosis of the viruses is needed in order to practice prevention and control strategies. In the first part of this study, we investigated broilers, breeder and Layer stocks for morbidity and mortality rates due to AAV and CAV infections and any co-infections by examining signs and symptoms typical of their infestation or post mortem examination. In th ... | 2011 | 21923956 |
| immunoprotectivity of hla-a2 ctl peptides derived from respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein in hla-a2 transgenic mouse. | identification of hla-restricted cd8+ t cell epitopes is important to study rsv-induced immunity and illness. we algorithmically analyzed the sequence of the fusion protein (f) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and generated synthetic peptides that can potentially bind to hla-a*0201. four out of the twenty-five 9-mer peptides tested: peptides 3 (f33-41), 13 (f214-222), 14 (f273-281), and 23 (f559-567), were found to bind to hla-a*0201 with moderate to high affinity and were capable of inducin ... | 2011 | 21980478 |
| Characterization of compound missense mutation and deletion of carnitine palmitoyltransferase II in a patient with adenovirus-associated encephalopathy. | In mammals, carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) system is a pivotal component of energy metabolism through mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. The majority of patients with fatal or handicapped influenza-associated encephalopathy exhibit thermolabile compound homo/heterozygous mutations of CPT II. | 2011 | 21921422 |
| virus hazards from food, water and other contaminated environments. | numerous viruses of human or animal origin can spread in the environment and infect people via water and food, mostly through ingestion and occasionally through skin contact. these viruses are released into the environment by various routes including water run-offs and aerosols. furthermore, zoonotic viruses may infect humans exposed to contaminated surface waters. foodstuffs of animal origin can be contaminated, and their consumption may cause human infection if the viruses are not inactivated ... | 2011 | 22091646 |
| endothelial growth factor therapy improves preeclampsia-like manifestations in a murine model induced by overexpression of svegfr-1. | this study examines the effects of vegf-121 therapy in an animal model of preeclampsia induced by overexpression of soluble vegf receptor 1 (svegfr-1). at day 8 of gestation, cd-1 mice were implanted with subcutaneous osmotic pumps containing either vegf-121 or vehicle and fitted with telemetric blood pressure (bp) catheters for continuous bp monitoring (days 8-18 of gestation). on day 9, the animals in the vegf-121 group were randomly allocated for injection with adenovirus carrying svegfr-1 or ... | 2011 | 21890691 |
| kinesin-1-mediated capsid disassembly and disruption of the nuclear pore complex promote virus infection. | many viruses deliver their genomes into the host cell nucleus for replication. however, the size restrictions of the nuclear pore complex (npc), which regulates the passage of proteins, nucleic acids, and solutes through the nuclear envelope, require virus capsid uncoating before viral dna can access the nucleus. we report a microtubule motor kinesin-1-mediated and npc-supported mechanism of adenovirus uncoating. the capsid binds to the npc filament protein nup214 and kinesin-1 light-chain klc1/ ... | 2011 | 21925109 |
| occurrence of water-borne enteric viruses in two settlements based in eastern chad: analysis of hepatitis e virus, hepatitis a virus and human adenovirus in water sources. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a common cause of water-borne acute hepatitis in areas with poor sanitation. in 2004 an outbreak of hev infection affected around 2,000 people in eastern chad (dar sila). this paper describes the decrease in the incidence of acute jaundice syndrome (ajs) from 2004 until 2009 when a mean incidence of 0.48 cases/1,000 people/year was recorded in the region. outbreaks of ajs were identified in some of the camps in 2007 and 2008. moreover, water samples from drinking water ... | 2011 | 21976198 |
| use of cre/loxp recombination to swap cell binding motifs on the adenoviral capsid protein ix. | we used cre/loxp recombination to swap targeting ligands present on the adenoviral capsid protein ix (pix). a loxp-flanked sequence encoding poly-lysine (pk-binds heparan sulfate proteoglycans) was engineered onto the 3'-terminus of pix, and the resulting fusion protein allowed for routine virus propagation. growth of this virus on cre-expressing cells removed the pk coding sequence, generating virus that could only infect through alternative ligands, such as a tyrosine kinase receptor a (trka)- ... | 2011 | 21968200 |
| microrna controlled adenovirus mediates anti-cancer efficacy without affecting endogenous microrna activity. | micrornas are small non-coding rna molecules that regulate mrna translation and stability by binding to complementary sequences usually within the 3' un-translated region (utr). we have previously shown that the hepatic toxicity caused by wild-type adenovirus 5 (ad5wt) in mice can be prevented by incorporating 4 binding sites for the liver-specific microrna, mir122, into the 3' utr of e1a mrna. this virus, termed ad5mir122, is a promising virotherapy candidate and causes no obvious liver patholo ... | 2011 | 21264344 |
| an adenovirus traffic update: from receptor engagement to the nuclear pore. | adenoviruses have a bipolar nature: they are ubiquitous pathogens that occasionally cause life-threatening diseases or they can be engineered into powerful gene transfer vectors. the goal of this article is to summarize the most recent advances in adenovirus receptor engagement, internalization, endosomal maturation, endosomal escape and trafficking to the nuclear pore. a better understanding of this initial part of the adenovirus lifecycle may identify new mechanistic-based treatments for adeno ... | 2011 | 21366418 |
| a 13-year retrospective review of polymerase chain reaction testing for infectious agents from ocular samples. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is a molecular technique for the diagnosis of ocular infectious disease. in this large patient sample and multiyear study, the impact of pcr for detecting infectious agents from ocular samples was reviewed in comparison with nonmolecular diagnostic techniques. | 2011 | 21367461 |
| a dynamical systems model for combinatorial cancer therapy enhances oncolytic adenovirus efficacy by mek-inhibition. | oncolytic adenoviruses, such as onyx-015, have been tested in clinical trials for currently untreatable tumors, but have yet to demonstrate adequate therapeutic efficacy. the extent to which viruses infect targeted cells determines the efficacy of this approach but many tumors down-regulate the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (car), rendering them less susceptible to infection. disrupting mapk pathway signaling by pharmacological inhibition of mek up-regulates car expression, offering pos ... | 2011 | 21379332 |
| the hdac inhibitor fk228 enhances adenoviral transgene expression by a transduction-independent mechanism but does not increase adenovirus replication. | the histone deacetylase inhibitor fk228 has previously been shown to enhance adenoviral transgene expression when cells are pre-incubated with the drug. upregulation of the coxsackie adenovirus receptor (car), leading to increased viral transduction, has been proposed as the main mechanism. in the present study, we found that the highest increase in transgene expression was achieved when non-toxic concentrations of fk228 were added immediately after transduction, demonstrating that the main effe ... | 2011 | 21379379 |
| adenovirus core protein vii protects the viral genome from a dna damage response at early times after infection. | adenovirus has a linear, double-stranded dna genome that is perceived by the cellular mre11-rad50-nbs1 (mrn) dna repair complex as a double-strand break. if unabated, mrn elicits a double-strand break repair response that blocks viral dna replication and ligates the viral genomes into concatemers. there are two sets of early viral proteins that inhibit the mrn complex. the e1b-55k/e4-orf6 complex recruits an e3 ubiquitin ligase and targets mrn proteins for proteasome-dependent degradation. the e ... | 2011 | 21345950 |
| enhanced safety profiles of the telomerase-specific replication-competent adenovirus by incorporation of normal cell-specific microrna-targeted sequences. | oncolytic adenoviruses (ad) have been actively pursued as potential agents for cancer treatment. among the various types of oncolytic ads, the telomerase-specific replication-competent ad (trad), which possesses an e1 gene expression cassette driven by the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter, has shown promising results in human clinical trials; however, the e1 gene is also slightly expressed in normal cells, leading to replication of trad and cellular toxicity in normal cells. | 2011 | 21346145 |
| antitumor activity of a combination of rad2p53 adenoviral gene therapy and radiotherapy in esophageal carcinoma. | the objective of this study was to determine if a combination of recombinant adenovirus 2 p53 (rad2p53) gene therapy and radiotherapy would have significantly improved outcome from esophageal carcinoma when compared to radiotherapy (rt) alone. forty-five patients diagnosed with esophageal carcinoma (confirmed squamous cell carcinoma) were randomly assigned to one of two study arms: treatment group: rad2p53 gene therapy + rt (n = 22); and control group: radiotherapy (n = 23). for the treatment gr ... | 2011 | 21350839 |
| potential of adenovirus and baculovirus vectors for the delivery of shrna against morbilliviruses. | morbilliviruses are important pathogens of humans, ruminants, carnivores and marine mammals. although good vaccines inducing long-term immunity are available, recurrent outbreaks of measles, canine distemper and peste des petits ruminants (ppr) are observed. in control strategies, antivirals thus could be useful to confine virus spread and application of interfering rnas is a promising approach, provided they can be delivered efficiently into the host cells. we have constructed recombinant adeno ... | 2011 | 21356246 |
| expression of complement component 3 (c3) from an adenovirus leads to pathology in the murine retina. | activation of complement has been implicated as one of the major causes of age-related macular degeneration (amd). evidence is accumulating for a role of complement in other retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. because of the paucity of animal models that directly investigate the role of complement in retinal pathology, the authors sought to develop a model of increased complement expression and activation, specifically in the murine retina. | 2011 | 21357400 |
| heterologous plasmid dna prime-recombinant human adenovirus 5 boost vaccination generates a stable pool of protective long-lived cd8(+) t effector memory cells specific for a human parasite, trypanosoma cruzi. | recently, we described a heterologous prime-boost strategy using plasmid dna followed by replication-defective human recombinant adenovirus type 5 as a powerful strategy to elicit long-lived cd8(+) t-cell-mediated protective immunity against experimental systemic infection of mice with a human intracellular protozoan parasite, trypanosoma cruzi. in the present study, we further characterized the protective long-lived cd8(+) t cells. we compared several functional and phenotypic aspects of specif ... | 2011 | 21357719 |
| lister vaccine strain of vaccinia virus armed with the endostatin-angiostatin fusion gene: an oncolytic virus superior to dl1520 (onyx-015) for human head and neck cancer. | abstract oncolytic viral therapy represents a promising strategy for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc), with dl1520 (onyx-015) the most widely used oncolytic adenovirus in clinical trials. this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the lister vaccine strain of vaccinia virus as well as a vaccinia virus armed with the endostatin-angiostatin fusion gene (vvhea) as a novel therapy for hnscc and to compare them with dl1520. the potency and replication of the list ... | 2011 | 21361787 |
| augmenting the antitumor effect of trail by socs3 with double-regulated replicating oncolytic adenovirus in hepatocellular carcinoma. | abstract aberrant jak/stat3 pathway has been reported to be related to hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) in many cell lines. in this study, a double-regulated oncolytic adenovirus vector that can replicate and induce a cytopathic effect in alpha-fetoprotein (afp)-positive hcc cell lines with p53 dysfunction was successfully constructed. two therapeutic genes, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (socs3) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (trail), were chosen and incorporated ... | 2011 | 21361790 |
| examination of the optimal condition on the in vitro sensitivity to telomelysin in head and neck cancer cell lines. | telomelysin (obp-301) is a telomerase-specific replication-competent adenovirus with a human telomerase reverse transcriptase (htert) promoter. telomelysin has a strong antitumor effect on a variety of cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc), and combining telomelysin treatment with paclitaxel or cisplatin enhances the antitumor effect on hnscc. in the present study, we investigated the relationship between the antitumor activity of telomelysin and tumor cell doubling ti ... | 2011 | 21362583 |
| detection of adenoviruses. | the human adenovirus (hadv) group is represented by 52 serotypes that have been reported to cause a broad range of clinical manifestations including respiratory tract infections, acute conjunctivitis, cystitis, gastroenteritis, and systemic infections. conventional methods for detection of hadvs include electron microscopy, antigen detection, and virus isolation in cell culture. implementation of real-time pcr assays has increased the sensitivity and speed of detection, and allowed for rapid qua ... | 2011 | 21116792 |
| selectivity and efficiency of late transgene expression by transcriptionally targeted oncolytic adenoviruses are dependent on the transgene insertion strategy. | key challenges facing cancer therapy are the development of tumor-specific drugs and potent multimodal regimens. oncolytic adenoviruses possess the potential to realize both aims by restricting virus replication to tumors and inserting therapeutic genes into the virus genome, respectively. a major effort in this regard is to express transgenes in a tumor-specific manner without affecting virus replication. using both luciferase as a sensitive reporter and genetic prodrug activation, we show that ... | 2011 | 20939692 |
| serological immunity to adenovirus serotype 5 is not associated with risk of hiv infection: a case-control study. | adenoviruses are among the most promising vectors for the development of an hiv vaccine. the results of the phase iib study of the adenovirus serotype 5-based merck trivalent hiv vaccine have raised the concern that serological immunity to adenovirus serotype 5 (ad5) could be linked to hiv acquisition risk in high-risk individuals. we examined the association between adenovirus serostatus and the rate of incident hiv infection in populations at elevated risk of hiv acquisition. | 2011 | 21150554 |
| a new generation of serotype chimeric infectivity-enhanced conditionally replicative adenovirals: the safety profile of ad5/3-δ24 in advance of a phase i clinical trial in ovarian cancer patients. | conditionally replicative adenoviral (crad) virotherapy represents a promising therapeutic approach for cancer. we have demonstrated that a serotype chimeric adenoviral 5/3 fiber-knob modification achieves enhanced ovarian cancer infectivity, conditional replication, and oncolytic activity. this study evaluated the safety of intraperitoneal (ip) ad5/3-δ24 in advance of a phase i clinical trial in gynecologic cancers. syrian hamster cohorts were treated with ip ad5/3-δ24 or control buffer for 3 c ... | 2011 | 21171861 |
| progress in filovirus vaccine development: evaluating the potential for clinical use. | marburg and ebola viruses cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates. currently, there are no effective treatments and no licensed vaccines; although a number of vaccine platforms have proven successful in animal models. the ideal filovirus vaccine candidate should be able to provide rapid protection following a single immunization, have the potential to work postexposure and be cross-reactive or multivalent against all marburg virus strains and all relevant ebola virus speci ... | 2011 | 21162622 |
| a novel conditionally replicating "armed" adenovirus selectively targeting gastrointestinal tumors with aberrant wnt signaling. | using conditionally replicating adenoviral vectors (crads) is a promising strategy in the treatment of solid tumors. the prospective of this study was to design a novel crad for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer and show its efficacy in vitro, as well as in vivo. to determine if aberrant wnt signaling in tumor cells can be used to selectively drive viral replication, we analyzed six colorectal and hepatocellular cell lines, as well as 13 colorectal tumors and 17 gastric tumors, for β-cate ... | 2011 | 20925459 |
| prospects for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against the hepatitis c viruses. | encouraging efficacy data have been obtained in the hepatitis c virus (hcv) chimpanzee model using prophylactic vaccines comprising adjuvanted recombinant envelope gpe1/gpe2 glycoproteins or prime/boost immunization regimens using defective adenoviruses and plasmid dna expressing non-structural genes. while usually not resulting in sterilizing immunity after experimental challenge, the progression to chronic, persistent infection (which is responsible for hcv-associated pathogenicity in human) i ... | 2011 | 21198667 |
| prime immunization with rotavirus vlp 2/6 followed by boosting with an adenovirus expressing vp6 induces protective immunization against rotavirus in mice. | rotavirus (rv) is the main cause of severe gastroenteritis in children. an effective vaccination regime against rv can substantially reduce morbidity and mortality. previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of virus-like particles formed by rv vp2 and vp6 (vlp2/6), as well as that of recombinant adenovirus expressing rv vp6 (rad), in eliciting protective immunities against rv. however, the efficacy of such prime-boost strategy, which incorporates vlp and rad in inducing protective immuniti ... | 2011 | 21205330 |
| [construction of the recombinant adenovirus expressing the cvb3 svp1-c3d3 protein and study on its immunological effects in mice]. | to construct recombinant adenovirus ad/c3d3-svp1 and investigate the immune effects against coxsackievirus infection in mouse. | 2011 | 21208565 |
| proanthocyanidin-enriched extract from myrothamnus flabellifolia welw. exerts antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 by inhibition of viral adsorption and penetration. | extracts from the aerial parts of the south african resurrection plant myrothamnus flabellifolia welw. have been used traditionally against infections of the upper respiratory tract and skin diseases. a polyphenol-enriched extract was investigated for potential antiviral effects against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and adenovirus, and the underlying mode of action was to be studied. | 2011 | 21211557 |
| in vitro and in vivo testing of a novel regulatory system for gene therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration. | in vitro and in vivo testing of a gene expression control system. | 2011 | 21224765 |
| active targeting and safety profile of peg-modified adenovirus conjugated with herceptin. | pegylation of adenovirus (ad) increases plasma retention and reduces immunogenicity, but decreases the accessibility of virus particles to target cells. we tested whether pegylated ad conjugated to herceptin (ad-peg-her) can be used to treat her2/neu-positive cells in vitro and in vivo to demonstrate the therapeutic feasibility of this ad formulation. ad-peg-her transduced her2/neu-overexpressing cancer cells through a specific interaction between herceptin and her2/neu. ad-peg-her treatment res ... | 2011 | 21227505 |
| evaluation of systemic targeting of ret oncogene-based mtc with tumor-selective peptide-tagged ad vectors in clinical mouse models. | significant advantage of targeted antitumoral treatment consists in the possibility to restrict maximum therapeutic efficacy to the malignant cell population by reducing toxicity in healthy tissues. using different clinical models for aggressive medullary thyroid carcinoma (mtc), we have recently identified peptide ligands that bind highly selective to tumor cells. by linking the most convincing sresphp peptide to an adenoviral (ad) vector expressing the mtc-related oncogene inhibitor retδtk, ge ... | 2011 | 21228881 |
| use of macrophages to target therapeutic adenovirus to human prostate tumors. | new therapies are required to target hypoxic areas of tumors as these sites are highly resistant to conventional cancer therapies. monocytes continuously extravasate from the bloodstream into tumors where they differentiate into macrophages and accumulate in hypoxic areas, thereby opening up the possibility of using these cells as vehicles to deliver gene therapy to these otherwise inaccessible sites. we describe a new cell-based method that selectively targets an oncolytic adenovirus to hypoxic ... | 2011 | 21233334 |
| pathogenicity and complete genome sequence of a fowl adenovirus serotype 8 isolate. | in this study we determined and analyzed the complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of a fowl adenovirus serotype 8 (fadv-8) isolate and examined its pathogenicity in chickens. the full genome of fadv-8 was 44,055 nucleotides in length with a similar organization to that of fadv-1 and fadv-9 genomes. no regions homologous to early regions e1, e3 and e4 of mastadenoviruses were recognized. along with fadv-9, fadv-8 has only one fiber gene and with regard to sequence composition and genome org ... | 2011 | 21237223 |
| adenovirus virus-associated rnas induce type i interferon expression through a rig-i-mediated pathway. | the current study demonstrates that adenovirus virus-associated rna (va) is recognized by retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i), a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor, and activates rig-i downstream signaling, leading to the induction of type i interferons (ifns), similarly to epstein-barr virus-encoded small rna. further analysis revealed that adenovirus infection leads to biphasic type i ifn induction at 12 to 24 h and 48 to 60 h postinfection. the later induction coincided with va express ... | 2011 | 21248047 |
| reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for identifying acute viral upper respiratory tract infections. | diagnosis of respiratory viruses traditionally relies on culture or antigen detection. we aimed to demonstrate capacity of the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (rt-pcr/esi-ms) platform to identify clinical relevant respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal aspirate (npa) samples and compare the diagnostic performance characteristics relative to conventional culture- and antigen-based methods. an rt-pcr/esi-ms respiratory virus surveillance kit ... | 2011 | 21251562 |
| evaluation of signal transduction pathways after transient cutaneous adenoviral gene delivery. | adenoviral vectors have provided effective methods for in vivo gene delivery in therapeutic applications. however, these vectors can induce immune responses that may severely affect the ability of vector re-application. there is limited information about the mechanisms and signal transduction pathways involved in adenoviral recognition. for optimization of cutaneous gene therapy it is necessary to investigate molecular mechanisms of virus recognition in epidermal cells. the aim of this study was ... | 2011 | 21255430 |
| rapid identification viruses from nasal pharyngeal aspirates in acute viral respiratory infections by rt-pcr and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. | diagnosis of the etiologic agent of respiratory viral infection relies traditionally on culture or antigen detection. this pilot evaluation compared performance characteristics of the rt-pcr and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (rt-pcr/esi-ms) platform to conventional virologic methods for identifying multiple clinically relevant respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal aspirates. the rt-pcr/esi-ms respiratory virus surveillance kit was designed to detect respiratory syncytial virus, influ ... | 2011 | 21256867 |
| enhanced and sustained cd8+ t cell responses with an adenoviral vector-based hepatitis c virus vaccine encoding ns3 linked to the mhc class ii chaperone protein invariant chain. | potent and broad cellular immune responses against the nonstructural (ns) proteins of hepatitis c virus (hcv) are associated with spontaneous viral clearance. in this study, we have improved the immunogenicity of an adenovirus (ad)-based hcv vaccine by fusing ns3 from hcv (strain j4; genotype 1b) to the mhc class ii chaperone protein invariant chain (ii). we found that, after a single vaccination of c57bl/6 or balb/c mice with ad-iins3, the hcv ns3-specific cd8(+) t cell responses were significa ... | 2011 | 21257961 |
| in vivo and in vitro distribution of type 5 and fiber-modified oncolytic adenoviruses in human blood compartments. | successful tumor targeting of systemically administered oncolytic adenoviruses may be hindered by interactions with blood components. | 2011 | 21261555 |
| expression of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor isoforms in developing mouse bladder uroepithelium. | tight junctions are important for uroepithelial paracellular permeability barriers. in the present study, we examined the developmental changes in the expression of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (car) isoforms in mouse bladder uroepithelium. | 2011 | 21269662 |
| intracellular trafficking and gene expression of ph-sensitive, artificially enveloped adenoviruses in vitro and in vivo. | recombinant adenovirus (ad) has shown great promise in gene therapy. artificial envelopment of adenovirus within lipid bilayers has previously been shown to decrease the immunogenicity and hepatic affinity of naked ad in vivo. unfortunately, this also resulted in a significant reduction of gene expression, which we attributed to poor endosomal release of the ad from its artificial lipid envelope. in this work, we explored the artificial envelopment of ad within ph-sensitive dope:chems bilayers a ... | 2011 | 21269689 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus sivmac239deltanef vaccination elicits different tat28-35sl8-specific cd8+ t-cell clonotypes compared to a dna prime/adenovirus type 5 boost regimen in rhesus macaques. | different human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)/simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) vaccine vectors expressing the same viral antigens can elicit disparate t-cell responses. within this spectrum, replicating variable vaccines, like sivmac239?nef, appear to generate particularly efficacious cd8(+) t-cell responses. here, we sequenced t-cell receptor ß-chain (trb) gene rearrangements from immunodominant mamu-a 01-restricted tat(28-35)sl8-specific cd8(+) t-cell populations together with the correspond ... | 2011 | 21270159 |
| insertion of ctcf-binding sites into a first-generation adenovirus vector reduces the innate inflammatory response and prolongs transgene expression. | we have made improvements to e1-deleted adenovirus (ad) transducing vectors that both substantially reduce the innate inflammatory response provoked by the virus in balb/c mouse ears and increase the duration of expression of the gfp transgene in balb/c mouse liver. these improvements result from testing the hypothesis that induction of strong innate responses is primarily a result of the powerful enhancer contained within the strong cmv promoter activating expression of ad genes retained within ... | 2011 | 21272906 |
| adenovirus type 5 induces vitamin a-metabolizing enzymes in dendritic cells and enhances priming of gut-homing cd8 t cells. | protective immunity at the gut-associated mucosal tissue is induced primarily by oral/rectal immunization owing to the need for targeting antigen to the gut-resident dendritic cells (dcs). in this study we show that an adenovirus type 5 (ad5)-based human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine can prime a durable antigen-specific cd8 t-cell response in the gut following intramuscular (im) immunization in mice. the ability of ad5 to prime gut-homing cd8 t cells in vivo was associated with ad5-induc ... | 2011 | 21289616 |
| in vitro cytotoxic and antiviral activities of ficus carica latex extracts. | the latex of fig fruit (ficus carica) is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of skin infections such as warts and also diseases of possible viral origin. five extracts (methanolic, hexanic, ethyl acetate, hexane-ethyl acetate (v/v) and chloroformic) of this species were investigated in vitro for their antiviral potential activity against herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1), echovirus type 11 (ecv-11) and adenovirus (adv). to evaluate the capacity of the extracts to inhibit the replication o ... | 2011 | 21294043 |
| competition for xpo5 binding between dicer mrna, pre-mirna and viral rna regulates human dicer levels. | micrornas (mirnas) are a class of small, noncoding rnas that function by regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. alterations in mirna expression can strongly influence cellular physiology. here we demonstrated cross-regulation between two components of the rna interference (rnai) machinery in human cells. inhibition of exportin-5, the karyopherin responsible for pre-mirna export, downregulated expression of dicer, the rnase iii required for pre-mirna maturation. this effect was post-t ... | 2011 | 21297638 |
| adaptive seamless design for an efficacy trial of replication-competent adenovirus-mediated suicide gene therapy and radiation in newly-diagnosed prostate cancer (recap trial). | cumulative evidence has suggested investigation of the efficacy of replication-competent adenovirus-mediated suicide gene therapy in newly-diagnosed prostate cancer (recap). there is a challenge in designing an efficacy trial for newly-diagnosed prostate cancer given its long natural history. the regulatory agency recommended a phase ii trial for safety before conducting the efficacy trial. | 2011 | 21300181 |
| treatment of yellow fever virus with an adenovirus-vectored interferon, def201, in a hamster model. | interferon (ifn) is an innate immune response protein that is involved in the antiviral response during viral infection. treatment of acute viral infections with exogenous interferon may be effective but is generally not feasible for clinical use due to many factors, including cost, stability, and availability. to overcome these limitations, an adenovirus type 5-vectored consensus alpha ifn, termed def201, was constructed as a potential way to deliver sustained therapeutic levels of systemic ifn ... | 2011 | 21300837 |
| improved particle counting and size distribution determination of aggregated virus populations by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation and multiangle light scattering techniques. | a method using a combination of asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (affff) and multiangle light scattering (mals) techniques has been shown to improve the estimation of virus particle counts and the amount of aggregated virus in laboratory samples. the method is based on the spherical particle counting approach given by wyatt and weida in 2004, with additional modifications. the new method was tested by analyzing polystyrene beads and adenovirus samples, both having a well-characterized pa ... | 2011 | 21302365 |
| adenovirus vector-mediated assay system for hepatitis c virus replication. | the efficient delivery of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna subgenomic replicon into cells is useful for basic and pharmaceutical studies. the adenovirus (ad) vector is a convenient and efficient tool for the transduction of foreign genes into cells in vitro and in vivo. however, an ad vector expressing the hcv replicon has never been developed. in the present study, we developed ad vector containing an rna polymerase (pol) i-dependent expression cassette and a tetracycline-controllable rna pol i- ... | 2011 | 21306994 |
| the irf-3/bax-mediated apoptotic pathway, activated by viral cytoplasmic rna and dna, inhibits virus replication. | induction of apoptosis in cells infected by sendai virus (sev), which triggers the cytosolic rig-i pathway, requires the presence of interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf-3). independent of irf-3's transcriptional role, a novel irf-3 activation pathway causes its interaction with the proapoptotic protein bax and its mitochondrial translocation to induce apoptosis. here we report that two other rna viruses, vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), may also activate th ... | 2011 | 21307205 |
| e-selectin is a viable route of infection for polymer-coated adenovirus retargeting in tnf-a-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. | background: e-selectin is an attractive endothelial cell surface marker in inflammation and cancer. purpose: we sought to investigate retargeting of adenovirus via e-selectin as a viable pathway of infection in tumor necrosis factor-a (tnf-a)-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvecs). methods: e1, e3-deleted ad5 expressing cytomegalovirus immediate-early (cmv ie) promoter-driven luciferase (adluc) was coated with an amino-reactive multivalent hydrophilic polymer based on poly [n- ... | 2011 | 21309681 |
| lysosomal localization and mechanism of membrane penetration influence nonenveloped virus activation of the nlrp3 inflammasome. | adenovirus (ad) endosomal membrane penetration activates the nlrp3 inflammasome by releasing lysosomal cathepsin b (catb) into the cytoplasm. we therefore examined the extent to which inflammasome activation correlates with ad colocalization with catb-enriched lysosomes. inflammasome activation, is greater during infections with ad5 possessing an ad16 fiber (ad5f16gfp), or ad5gfp neutralized by human serum, than ad5gfp alone. enhanced il-1ß release by ad5f16gfp is partially due to increased tlr9 ... | 2011 | 21315400 |
| viral-mediated stabilization of au-rich element containing mrna contributes to cell transformation. | e4orf6 is one of the oncogene products of adenovirus, and it also has an important role for transportation of cellular and viral messenger rna (mrna) during the late phase of virus infection. we previously revealed that e4orf6 controls the fate of au-rich element (are) containing mrna by perturbing the chromosome maintenance region 1-dependent export mechanism. here, we show that e4orf6 stabilizes are-mrna through the region required for its oncogenic activity and ubiquitin e3 ligase assembly. c ... | 2011 | 21317928 |
| treatment of viral conjunctivitis with antiviral drugs. | viral conjunctivitis is one of the most common disorders observed in ophthalmic emergency departments, yet no established treatment exists. lately, antiviral medications have been introduced into clinical practice; however, a systematic review focusing on their use and effectiveness in the treatment of viral conjunctivitis has not been previously reported. we systemically reviewed the literature to identify studies where antiviral drugs were used to treat viral conjunctivitis. currently, aciclov ... | 2011 | 21319870 |
| a complex adenovirus vaccine against chikungunya virus provides complete protection against viraemia and arthritis. | chikungunya virus, a mosquito-borne alphavirus, recently caused the largest epidemic ever seen for this virus. chikungunya disease primarily manifests as a painful and debilitating arthralgia/arthritis, and no effective drug or vaccine is currently available. here we describe a recombinant chikungunya virus vaccine comprising a non-replicating complex adenovirus vector encoding the structural polyprotein cassette of chikungunya virus. a single immunisation with this vaccine consistently induced ... | 2011 | 21320541 |
| infant lungs are preferentially infected by adenovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1 vectors: role of the tissue mesenchymal cells. | adenovirus (ad) and herpes-simplex-virus-1 (hsv-1) have been extensively applied as vectors for gene and cancer therapy in clinical trials. ad5, from which the vector was constructed, is a common respiratory virus that infects mainly infants, yet the reasons for infant sensitivity to infection, other than immunity, are not clear. hsv-1, usually a neurotropic virus, may also cause severe pneumonia or disseminated diseases in infants and immunocompromised patients. | 2011 | 21322100 |
| the impact of early viral infections and graft-versus-host disease on immune reconstitution following paediatric stem cell transplantation. | viral infections and graft-versus-host disease (gvhd) render an impact on both the clinical and immunological recovery following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). we studied the recuperation of the immune defence after transplant in the paediatric setting and assessed the impact of early (<100 days post-hsct) viral [cytomegalovirus (cmv), ebstein-barr virus (ebv) and adenovirus] reactivations/infections and gvhd. fifty-one paediatric recipients of hsct were enrolled. t c ... | 2011 | 21323694 |
| preclinical evaluation of telomerase-specific oncolytic virotherapy for human bone and soft tissue sarcomas. | tumor-specific replication-selective oncolytic virotherapy is a promising antitumor therapy for induction of cell death in tumor cells but not of normal cells. we previously developed an oncolytic adenovirus, obp-301, that kills human epithelial malignant cells in a telomerase-dependent manner. recent evidence suggests that nonepithelial malignant cells, which have low telomerase activity, maintain telomere length through alternative lengthening of telomeres (alt). however, it remains unclear wh ... | 2011 | 21325287 |
| bone morphogenetic protein 2 signaling in osteoclasts is negatively regulated by the bmp antagonist, twisted gastrulation. | bone morphogenetic proteins (bmps) have been shown to regulate both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. we previously reported that bmp2 could directly enhance rankl-mediated osteoclast differentiation by increasing the size and number of osteoclasts. similarly, genetic deletion of the bmp antagonist twisted gastrulation (twsg1) in mice, resulted in an enhancement of osteoclast formation, activity and osteopenia. this was accompanied by increased levels of phosphorylated smad (psmad) 1/5/8 in twsg1(-/- ... | 2011 | 21328453 |
| opposing oncogenic activities of small dna tumor virus transforming proteins. | the e1a gene of species c human adenovirus is an intensely investigated model viral oncogene that immortalizes primary cells and mediates oncogenic cell transformation in cooperation with other viral or cellular oncogenes. investigations using e1a proteins have illuminated important paradigms in cell proliferation and about the functions of cellular proteins such as the retinoblastoma protein. studies with e1a have led to the unexpected discovery that e1a also suppresses cell transformation and ... | 2011 | 21330137 |
| double suicide genes selectively kill human umbilical vein endothelial cells. | to construct a recombinant adenovirus containing cdglytk double suicide genes and evaluate the killing effect of the double suicide genes driven by kinase domain insert containing receptor (kdr) promoter on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. | 2011 | 21333030 |
| synergistic therapeutic effect in gastric cancer cells produced by oncolytic adenovirus encoding drosophila melanogaster deoxyribonucleoside kinase. | drosophila melanogaster multisubstrate deoxyribonucleoside kinase (dm-dnk), a novel suicide kinase, was applied as a cancer gene therapeutic approach. to improve the antitumor effect of dm-dnk and its substrate with the selectivity and safety control in consideration, the conditionally replicative gene-viral system zd55-dnk, which includes the replicationselective adenovirus zd55 armed with the dm-dnk, was used to further explore the potential of this approach. when zd55-dnk was combined with bv ... | 2011 | 21383545 |
| trivalent adenovirus type 5 hiv recombinant vaccine primes for modest cytotoxic capacity that is greatest in humans with protective hla class i alleles. | if future hiv vaccine design strategies are to succeed, improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying protection from infection or immune control over hiv replication remains essential. increased cytotoxic capacity of hiv-specific cd8+ t-cells associated with efficient elimination of hiv-infected cd4+ t-cell targets has been shown to distinguish long-term nonprogressors (ltnp), patients with durable control over hiv replication, from those experiencing progressive disease. here, measuremen ... | 2011 | 21383976 |
| enhancement of vaccine-induced primary and memory cd8(+) t-cell responses by soluble pd-1. | programmed death 1 (pd-1) signaling through its ligands, pd-l1 and pd-l2, has been known to negatively regulate t-cell responses. in addition, pd-l1 has been shown to interact with b7-1 costimulatory molecule to inhibit t-cell responses. extensive studies have shown that pd-1/pd-l blockade restores exhausted t cells during chronic viral infections and tumors. in this study, we evaluated the effects of soluble pd-1 (spd-1) as a blockade of pd-1 and pd-l1 on vaccine-elicited antigen-specific t-cel ... | 2011 | 21389868 |
| wnt10b promotes growth of hair follicles via a canonical wnt signalling pathway. | wnt10b (wingless-related mouse mammary tumour virus integration site 10b) plays various roles in a wide range of biological actions, including hair-follicle development. | 2011 | 21392083 |
| amplification of emerging viruses in a bat colony. | bats host noteworthy viral pathogens, including coronaviruses, astroviruses, and adenoviruses. knowledge on the ecology of reservoir-borne viruses is critical for preventive approaches against zoonotic epidemics. we studied a maternity colony of myotis myotis bats in the attic of a private house in a suburban neighborhood in rhineland-palatinate, germany, during 2008, 2009, and 2010. one coronavirus, 6 astroviruses, and 1 novel adenovirus were identified and monitored quantitatively. strong and ... | 2011 | 21392436 |
| adenovirus-mediated intratumoral expression of immunostimulatory proteins in combination with systemic treg inactivation induces tumor-destructive immune responses in mouse models. | tumor-associated antigens (taas) include overexpressed self-antigens (for example, her2/neu) and tumor virus antigens (for example, hpv-16 e6/e7). although in cancer patients, taa-specific cd4+ and cd8+ cells are often present, they are not able to control tumor growth. in recent studies, it became apparent that tumor site-located immune evasion mechanisms contribute to this phenomenon and that regulatory t cells have a major role. we tested in her2/neu+ breast cancer and hpv-16 e6/e7+ cervical ... | 2011 | 21394107 |
| the challenge for gene therapy: innate immune response to adenoviruses. | adenoviruses are the most commonly used vectors for gene therapy. despite the promising safety profile demonstrated in clinical trials, the efficacy of using adenoviruses for gene therapy is poor. a major hurdle to adenoviral-mediated gene therapy is the innate immune system. cell-mediated recognition of viruses via capsid components or nucleic acids has received significant attention, principally thought to be regulated by the toll-like receptors (tlrs). antiviral innate immune responses are in ... | 2011 | 21399236 |
| improved targeting of ligand-modified adenovirus as a new near infrared fluorescence tumor imaging probe. | e1/e3-deleted adenovirus 5 (ad.5) possesses a great potential in gene therapy because of its high efficacy in gene transfer and low toxicity. studies have shown that coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (car) is the determinant factor for the targeting of adenovirus vectors. to extend the natural targeting of ad to low car expressing tumors, we covalently attached folic acid (fa) to e1/e3-deleted ad.5 capsids. near-infrared (nir) fluorescent dye icg-der-02 was subsequently conjugated with fa-ad particl ... | 2011 | 21401110 |
| factors associated with viral rebound in hiv-1-infected individuals enrolled in a therapeutic hiv-1 gag vaccine trial. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) vaccines directed to the cell-mediated immune system could have a role in lowering the plasma hiv-1 rna set point, which may reduce infectivity and delay disease progression. | 2011 | 21402549 |
| the hiv protease inhibitor nelfinavir inhibits kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication in vitro. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is the most common hiv-associated cancer worldwide and is associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality in some regions. antiretroviral (arv) combination regimens have had mixed results for ks progression and resolution. anecdotal case reports suggest that protease inhibitors (pis) may have effects against ks that are independent of their effect on hiv infection. as such, we evaluated whether pis or other arvs directly inhibit replication of kaposi's sarcoma-associ ... | 2011 | 21402841 |
| long-term cardiac pro-b-type natriuretic peptide gene delivery prevents the development of hypertensive heart disease in spontaneously hypertensive rats. | diastolic dysfunction associated with high blood pressure (bp) leads to cardiac remodeling and fibrosis and progression to congestive heart failure. b-type natriuretic peptide (bnp) has bp-lowering, antifibrotic, and antihypertrophic properties, which makes bnp an attractive agent for attenuating the adverse cardiac remodeling associated with hypertension. in the current study, we tested the effects of sustained cardiac probnp gene delivery on bp, cardiac function, and remodeling in spontaneousl ... | 2011 | 21403100 |