Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted descending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
the european bison (bison bonasus) as an indicatory species for the circulation of tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) in natural foci in poland.tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) is one of the most common zoonotic diseases in europe transmitted by ixodidae vectors. while small mammals such as bank voles and ticks constitute the main reservoirs for virus transmission, large sylvatic species act as a food source for ticks. cervids such as roe deer and red deer are considered sentinel species for tbe in natural foci. in addition, an increase of the population size and density of large wild mammals in an area corresponds to an increase in the ti ...202134358779
persistent infection of american bison (bison bison) with bovine viral diarrhea virus and bosavirus.bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) are significant pathogens of cattle, leading to losses associated with reproductive failure, respiratory disease and immune dysregulation. while cattle are the reservoir for bvdv, a wide range of domestic and wild ruminants are susceptible to infection and disease caused by bvdv. samples from four american bison (bison bison) from a captive herd were submitted for diagnostic testing due to their general unthriftiness. metagenomic sequencing on pooled nasal sw ...202033338948
predicting acceptance of lethal management of wood bison in alaska, usa.wood bison (bison bison athabascae) were reintroduced into alaska after a 170-year absence in the state. wildlife reintroductions may cause problems by damaging property, spreading disease, increasing fear levels, and human injury and death. we examined the influence of urban alaskan's wildife value orientations (wvo; domination and mutualism), fear, and attitudes toward wood bison on their behavioral intention to support lethal management under specific situations. we hypothesized that: (a) dom ...202030905056
seasonal changes in fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations in bison (bison bison) living with or without wolves (canis lupus).the threat of predation can cause increased adrenal secretion of glucocorticoids that, if sustained, can result in chronic stress that might predispose animals to disease, reduced growth, or poor fertility. fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fgm) concentrations were measured between september 2011 and july 2012 in two montana bison (bison bison) herds, one herd living with and the other without wolves (canis lupus) in their habitat. the relevance of fgm concentrations (as measured by the corticost ...202031295081
autophagy as a consequence of seasonal functions of testis and epididymis in adult male european bison (bison bonasus, linnaeus 1758).the european bison is still an animal endangered with extinction, so by learning factors that regulate its reproduction, we can contribute to the survival of this species. on the other hand, autophagy is a dynamic, lisosomal, and evolutionary conserved process which is essential for animal cell survival, homeostasis, and differentiation. this process was demonstrated in many species and in many organs; however, information on the metabolic course of autophagy in the male reproductive system in s ...202031705214
effect of season and superstimulatory treatment on in vivo and in vitro embryo production in wood bison (bison bison athabascae).two experiments were done using a two-by-two design to determine the effects of season and superstimulatory protocol on embryo production in wood bison. in experiment 1 (in vivo-derived embryos), ovarian superstimulation was induced in female bison during the ovulatory and anovulatory seasons with either two or three doses of fsh given every-other-day (fsh × 2 vs. fsh × 3, respectively). bison were given hcg to induce ovulation, inseminated 12 and 24 hr after hcg, and embryos were collected 8 da ...202031661568
a study of kudurs used by wild animals located on the water sources high in ree content in the caucasus nature reserve.one of the theories explaining the reasons for geophagy, which was proposed earlier by the authors of the article, consists in the assumption that animals need rare-earth elements (ree). in order to test this hypothesis, we studied the chemical composition of spring waters in the territory of the caucasus nature reserve at three kudurs along the achipsta river, as well as at the mamaevsky kudur (southwestern slope of the pshekish mountain). at the mamaevsky kudur, we also studied the chemical co ...202032748302
morphometry and topography of the coronary ostia in the european bison.coronary vessels have been widely studied in many species of domestic and wild mammals. however, there are no available literature reports describing the morphology and morphometry of the coronary ostia of the european bison (bison bonasus). the aim of this study was to measure the area of the coronary ostia and assess their localisation in the coronary sinuses of the aortic root in the european bison.202030973638
a mobile laboratory for ancient dna analysis.mobile devices for on-field dna analysis have been used for medical diagnostics at the point-of-care, forensic investigations and environmental surveys, but still have to be validated for ancient dna studies. we report here on a mobile laboratory that we setup using commercially available devices, including a compact real-time pcr machine, and describe procedures to perform dna extraction and analysis from a variety of archeological samples within 4 hours. the process is carried out on 50 mg sam ...202032187203
a novel swine sex-linked marker and its application across different mammalian species.advances in genome editing tools have reduced barriers to the creation of animal models. due to their anatomical and physiological similarities to humans, there has been a growing need for pig models to study human diseases, for xenotransplantation and translational research. the ability to determine the sex of genetically modified embryos, cells or fetuses is beneficial for every project involving the production of transgenic animals. this strategy can improve the time-efficiency and lower the ...202032607872
crop raiders in an ecological trap: optimal foraging individual-based modeling quantifies the effect of alternate crops.crop raiding is an increasing source of human-wildlife conflict that antagonizes humans and can lead to heightened killing of wildlife. attraction to crops can trigger ecological traps, where animals prefer areas of their range that confer relatively low fitness. food can be used to draw animals away from problematic areas, but an alternative considered less often is to replace high-quality food with poorer alternatives. in any case, managers often have no means of anticipating by how much such ...202032112455
pesticides and conservation of large ungulates: health risk to european bison from plant protection products as a result of crop depredation.the coexistence of large mammals and humans in the contemporary landscape is a big challenge for conservationists. wild ungulates that forage on arable fields are exposed to the negative effects of pesticides, and this problem also applies to protected species for which intoxication by pesticides may pose a health risk and directly affect the effectiveness of conservation efforts. in this paper we assessed the threat posed by pesticides to the european bison bison bonasus, a species successfully ...202031999727
characterization of the nlrp1 inflammasome response in bovine species.inflammasomes act as sensors of infection or damage to initiate immune responses. while extensively studied in rodents, understanding of livestock inflammasomes is limited. the nlrp1 inflammasome sensor in rodents is activated by toxoplasma gondii, bacillus anthracis lethal toxin (lt), and potentially other zoonotic pathogens. lt activates nlrp1 by n-terminal proteolysis, inducing macrophage pyroptosis and a pro-inflammatory cytokine response. in contrast, nlrp1 in macrophages from humans and ce ...202031711335
production of embryos and a live offspring using post mortem reproductive material from bison (bison bison bison) originating in yellowstone national park, usa.bison from yellowstone national park (ynp) have an important genetic history. as one of the few wild herds of bison with no evidence of cattle dna introgression and a large enough population to maintain genetic diversity, they are considered a conservation priority for the species. unfortunately, there is a high prevalence of the zoonotic disease brucellosis in the herd. part of the management strategy for controlling the disease and herd size in ynp is to remove bison from the population during ...202033171350
biopsy and tracheobronchial aspirates as additional tools for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in living european bison (bison bonasus).the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (btb) in living wildlife remains a complex problem, and one of particular importance in endangered species like european bison (bison bonasus). to identify infection and avoid the unnecessary culling of such valuable individuals, current best practice requires the collection and culture of material from living animals, as mycobacteria isolation remains the gold standard in btb diagnosis. however, such isolation is challenging due to the need for the immobiliz ...202033147754
reintroduced grazers and prescribed fire effects on beetle assemblage structure and function in restored grasslands.ecological restoration seeks to reestablish functioning ecosystems, but planning and evaluation often focus on taxonomic community structure and neglect consumers and their functional roles. the functional trait composition of insect assemblages, which make up the majority of animal diversity in many systems, can reveal how they are affected by restoration management and the consequences for ecosystem function. we sampled ground beetle (coleoptera: carabidae) assemblages in restored tallgrass pr ...202032810923
evolution and domestication of the bovini species.domestication of the bovini species (taurine cattle, zebu, yak, river buffalo and swamp buffalo) since the early holocene (ca. 10 000 bce) has contributed significantly to the development of human civilization. in this study, we review recent literature on the origin and phylogeny, domestication and dispersal of the three major bos species - taurine cattle, zebu and yak - and their genetic interactions. the global dispersion of taurine and zebu cattle was accompanied by population bottlenecks, w ...202032716565
the global epidemiology of brucella infections in terrestrial wildlife: a meta-analysis.brucellosis is a widespread zoonotic disease with serious consequences on human and animal health. brucella infections were reported in many terrestrial wild animals, from subtropical and temperate regions to arctic regions. in many areas, the epidemiology of brucellosis in wildlife is closely associated with the occurrence of the disease in livestock. some wild species may contribute to the re-introduction of brucella infections in livestock (spillback), even in officially brucellosis-free (obf ...202032679611
pseudocowpox virus infection in an american bison (bison bison).the present report describes a case of pseudocowpox virus (pcpv) infection in a seven-year-old female bison euthanized due to a history of declining condition and sores on the vulva and udder.202032660468
the nematodes thelazia gulosa railiet and henry, 1910 and thelazia skrjabini erschov, 1928 as a cause of blindness in european bison (bison bonasus) in poland.the nematodes of the genus thelazia are the cause of eye diseases of wild and domestic ruminants throughout the world. the aim of the study was to describe clinical cases of thelasiosis in european bison (bison bonasus) in poland, and provide morphometrical features of thelazia gulosa railiet and henry, 1910 and thelazia skrjabini erschov, 1928 regarded as potentially useful for species differentiation methods: the conjunctival sacs, tear ducts, the surface of the cornea and nicitating membrane ...202032613456
macro- and microscopic study on the tongue and lingual papillae of bison bonasus hybrid as an interspecific species (bos taurus × bison bonasus).nowadays the processes of crossing of different mammalian species are well characterized in light of genetics, and possibility of reproduction. generally, lack detailed studies on changes in anatomy and histology of internal systems of hybrids. bison bonasus hybrid is an interspecific species between the bull of european bison (bison bonasus), and female of domesticated cattle (bos taurus). to study the anatomy of tongue and distribution of lingual papillae on bison bonasus hybrid tongue, a ster ...202032583920
the first report of immunoglobulin g, m, and a concentrations in serum of european bison and their changes with age.the age-specific reference values for immunoglobulin (ig) serum concentrations in european bison (bison bonasus) are lacking. identification of immune alterations that accompany normal physiological aging will help assist in development of better monitoring health programs. in the present study, the age-associated changes in concentration of igg, igm, and iga in serum of apparently healthy european bison of various ages were studied. the quantities of iga, igm, and igg were measured by the use o ...202032411790
parasitological monitoring of european bison (bison bonasus) from three forests of north-eastern poland between 2014 and 2016.common parasites of the european bison include gastro-intestinal and pulmonary nematodes, liver flukes (fasciola hepatica), tapeworms, and protozoa of the genus coccidia. this study compared the extensiveness and intensities of european bison parasitic invasions in three north-eastern polish forests in different seasons and queried the role of parasitological monitoring in sanitary and hygienic control of feeding places.202032258806
occurrence of tapeworms moniezia benedeni (moniez, 1879) in european bison bison bonasus l. in białowieża primeval foresttapeworms moniezia benedeni are cosmopolitan parasites of wild and domestic ruminants. the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of those tapeworms in european bison in białowieża primeval forest. parasitological necropsy of small intestine of 26 bison, aged from 3 months to 26 years was performed in years 2007–2011. tapeworms m. benedeni were isolated from 11 examined animals and the prevalence of infection wasestimated on 42.3%. intensity of infection was ranging from 2 to 25 tapewor ...202032199002
gross anatomy of coronary veins of the european bison (bison bonasus).although significant efforts have been put into restituting the european bison (bison bonasus) and increasing its population, it remains a globally endangered species and requires conservation. protection programs of bison indicate the need for morphological studies of their individual systems, in order to enhance restitution programs and enable appropriate veterinary care. the aim of this study was to investigate the morphology of the coronary veins of the european bison (bison bonasus).202032013970
decadal heat and drought drive body size of north american bison (bison bison) along the great plains.large grazers are visible and valuable indicators of the effects of projected changes in temperature and drought on grasslands. the grasslands of the great plains have supported the greatest number of bison (bison bison; linnaeus, 1758) since prehistoric times. we tested the hypothesis that body mass (bm, kg) and asymptotic body mass (abm, kg) of bison decline with rising temperature and increasing drought over both temporal and spatial scales along the great plains. temporally, we modeled the r ...202031988731
differential antigen recognition by serum antibodies from three bovid hosts of mycobacterium bovis infection.cattle, bison and buffaloes are susceptible to mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent for bovine tuberculosis. accurate and timely identification of infected animals is critical for improved management and control of disease in these species. bovids develop humoral immune responses to m. bovis infection making serological tests attractive for tuberculosis screening. however, optimization and validation of antibody assays designed for various animal species require understanding of antigen reco ...202031972498
migrating bison engineer the green wave.newly emerging plants provide the best forage for herbivores. to exploit this fleeting resource, migrating herbivores align their movements to surf the wave of spring green-up. with new technology to track migrating animals, the green wave hypothesis has steadily gained empirical support across a diversity of migratory taxa. this hypothesis assumes the green wave is controlled by variation in climate, weather, and topography, and its progression dictates the timing, pace, and extent of migration ...201931754040
isotopic paleoecology of northern great plains bison during the holocene.bison (bison bison) are one of the few terrestrial megafauna to survive the transition into the holocene and provide a unique opportunity to study a species on a broad spatiotemporal scale. today, bison are primarily managed in small and isolated herds with little known about their ancestral ecology. we studied the carbon and nitrogen isotopes of northern great plains bison from the terminal pleistocene and throughout the holocene to gain insight into their paleoecology. this time span is contem ...201931719547
bilateral pneumothorax after pacemaker placement "buffalo chest".bilateral pneumothoraces following unilateral subclavian vein cannulation is a rare complication. it is usually associated with an intrapleural communication which can be congenital or formed following cardiothoracic and mediastinal surgeries, or trauma. the term buffalo chest was used to define a single chest cavity with no anatomic separation of the two hemithoraces. it is called buffalo chest because this unique chest anatomy of the american buffalo, or bison, helped hunters to kill them with ...201930740301
multiple innate antibacterial immune defense elements are correlated in diverse ungulate species.in this study, we aimed to evaluate to what extent different assays of innate immunity reveal similar patterns of variation across ungulate species. we compared several measures of innate antibacterial immune function across seven different ungulate species using blood samples obtained from captive animals maintained in a zoological park. we measured mrna expression of two receptors involved in innate pathogen detection, toll-like receptors 2 and 5 (tlr2 and 5), the bactericidal capacity of plas ...201931774834
partial protection in balb/c house mice (mus musculus) and rocky mountain elk (cervus canadensis) after vaccination with a killed, mucosally delivered brucella abortus vaccine.brucellosis, caused by brucella abortus, has been eliminated from livestock in the us. remaining wildlife reservoirs are the bison (bison bison) and elk (cervus canadensis) populations in yellowstone national park and the surrounding area, from which there is periodic exposure and transmission to surrounding livestock herds. elk account for nearly all of the livestock exposure, and the infection appears to be expanding in the elk population. currently, there are no known effective vaccines for b ...201931009310
effects of brucellosis serologic status on physiology and behavior of rocky mountain elk ( cervus canadensis nelsoni) in southwestern montana, usa.brucellosis, caused by bacteria in the genus brucella, is an infectious zoonosis affecting animals and humans worldwide. free-ranging rocky mountain elk ( cervus canadensis nelsoni) and bison ( bison bison) in the greater yellowstone ecosystem (areas of southwestern montana, eastern idaho, and northwestern wyoming, us) are the self-sustaining reservoirs of bovine brucellosis ( brucella abortus) and elk are considered the primary source of livestock infections. it has been hypothesized that bruce ...201930277828
potential bacillus anthracis risk zones for male plains bison ( bison bison bison) in southwestern montana, usa.a re-emergence of anthrax, a zoonosis caused by the long-lived, spore-forming bacillus anthracis, occurred with a multispecies outbreak in southwestern montana, us in 2008. it substantially impacted a managed herd of about 3,500 free-ranging plains bison ( bison bison bison) on a large, private ranch southwest of bozeman, with about 8% mortality and a disproportionate 28% mortality of mature males; a similar high rate occurred in male rocky mountain elk ( cervus canadensis nelson). grazing herbi ...201930016211
american bison in a snow flurry. 201930933220
metapodials of ancient bison (bison priscus) of northeast russia: "stress markers," sex and withers height.a total of 175 metapodials (mp) of pleistocene and early holocene bison (bison priscus boj.) from the vast area of northeast russia were studied. mp were attributed to males and females both visually and statistically. data on the withers height of bison from northeast russia are provided. stress markers were recorded, including so-called "buttresses." with rare exceptions, stress markers were not of a pathological nature. the origin and development of the buttresses are age-related; their preva ...201930019862
managing genetic diversity and extinction risk for a rare plains bison (bison bison bison) population.unfenced plains bison are rare and only occur in a small number of locations throughout canada and the united states. we examined management guidelines for maintenance of genetic health and population persistence for a small and isolated population of plains bison that occupy the interface between a protected national park and private agricultural lands. to address genetic health concerns, we measured genetic diversity relative to other populations and assessed the potential effects of genetic a ...201931578626
differential roles of the right and left brain hemispheres in the social interactions of a free-ranging ungulate.despite the abundant empirical evidence on lateralized social behaviours, a clear understanding of the relative roles of two brain hemispheres in social processing is still lacking. this study investigated visual lateralization in social interactions of free-ranging european bison (bison bonasus). the bison were more likely to display aggressive responses (such as fight and side hit), when they viewed the conspecific with the right visual field, implicating the left brain hemisphere. in contrast ...201931513830
comparison of multilocus sequence types found among north american isolates of mycoplasma bovis from cattle, bison, and deer, 2007-2017.a prior multilocus sequence typing (mlst) study reported that mycoplasma bovis isolates from north american bison possess sequence types (sts) different from those found among cattle. the 42 bison isolates evaluated were obtained in 2007 or later, whereas only 19 of 94 (~20%) of the available cattle isolates, with only 1 from north america, were from that same time. we compared sts of additional, contemporary, north american cattle isolates with those from bison, as well as isolates from 2 north ...201931510908
widespread male sex bias in mammal fossil and museum collections.a recent study of mammoth subfossil remains has demonstrated the potential of using relatively low-coverage high-throughput dna sequencing to genetically sex specimens, revealing a strong male-biased sex ratio [p. pečnerová et al., curr. biol. 27, 3505-3510.e3 (2017)]. similar patterns were predicted for steppe bison, based on their analogous female herd-based structure. we genetically sexed subfossil remains of 186 holarctic bison (bison spp.), and also 91 brown bears (ursus arctos), which are ...201931481609
determination of mammalian dna in commercial canine diets with uncommon and limited ingredients.over-the-counter (otc) limited ingredient canine diets could be reliable alternatives to veterinary therapeutic formulations for the diagnosis and management of adverse food reaction (afr). however, the possibility of undeclared ingredients jeopardizes the efficacious use of otc options for medical purposes. the objective was to determine the presence of undeclared ingredients in otc canine dry diets marketed as limited or single protein source diets. twenty-one otc adult canine diets marketed a ...201930375199
adapt or die-response of large herbivores to environmental changes in europe during the holocene.climate warming and human landscape transformation during the holocene resulted in environmental changes for wild animals. the last remnants of the european pleistocene megafauna that survived into the holocene were particularly vulnerable to changes in habitat. to track the response of habitat use and foraging of large herbivores to natural and anthropogenic changes in environmental conditions during the holocene, we investigated carbon (δ13 c) and nitrogen (δ15 n) stable isotope composition in ...201931298814
digesta passage in nondomestic ruminants: separation mechanisms in 'moose-type' and 'cattle-type' species, and seemingly atypical browsers.ruminants have been classified as having a 'moose-type' or 'cattle-type' digestive physiology. 'cattle-type' ruminants have a clear difference in the mean retention time (mrt) of fluid vs. small particles in the reticulorumen (rr), with a high 'selectivity factor' (sf = mrtparticle/ mrtfluid, >1.80), and are typically grazers and intermediate feeders. 'moose-type' ruminants have lower sf (<1.80), possibly because of defensive salivary proteins that constrain amounts of (high-viscosity) saliva, a ...201931220621
evaluation of fecal samples as a valid source of dna by comparing paired blood and fecal samples from american bison (bison bison).the collection and analysis of fecal dna is a common practice, especially when dealing with wildlife species that are difficult to track or capture. while fecal dna is known to be lower quality than traditional sources of dna, such as blood or other tissues, few investigations have verified fecal samples as a valid source of dna by directly comparing the results to high quality dna samples from the same individuals. our goal was to compare dna from fecal and blood samples from the same 50 americ ...201930808294
seasonal expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf-1), its receptor igf-1r and klotho in testis and epididymis of the european bison (bison bonasus, linnaeus 1758).the european bisons are the largest mammals of europe that are still in danger of extinction. the species conservation is associated with their continuous reproduction, and bisons are characterized by the well-pronounced seasonality of reproductive processes. however, the exact mechanisms regulating their reproduction still remain unknown. our previous studies indicated the involvement of some of the growth factors in the regulation of male seasonal reproductive activities in bison, showing expr ...201930579142
the social network structure of a semi-free roaming european bison herd (bison bonasus).the use of social network analysis to better understand animal behaviour has led to an increase in the number of studies on this topic, particularly for species management and conservation as well as the welfare of captive animals. the current knowledge of social organization in the european bison (bison bonasus) is still largely based on descriptions of group compositions, most of which were obtained during opportunistic field observations. however, the numerous conservation programs for this s ...201930445118
health status of reintroduced wood bison ( bison bison athabascae): assessing the conservation value of an isolated population in northwestern canada.a central goal for reintroduced populations of threatened wood bison ( bison bison athabascae) is to maintain them free of diseases of concern, particularly bovine tuberculosis (caused by mycobacterium bovis) and brucellosis (caused by brucella abortus). a wood bison population in southwestern yukon, canada was reintroduced into the wild in 1988, but no health assessment has been done since then. to provide an initial assessment of the health status and, hence, the conservation value of this pop ...201929953313
in situ hybridization for localization of ovine herpesvirus 2, the agent of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever, in formalin-fixed tissues.a constraint on understanding the pathogenesis of malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) is the limited number of tools to localize infected cells. the amount of detectable virus, visualized in the past either by immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization (ish), has been modest in fixed or frozen tissues. this complicates our understanding of the widespread lymphoid proliferation, epithelial necrosis/apoptosis, and arteritis-phlebitis that characterize mcf. in this work, we developed a probe-based i ...201930222071
chronic stress and body condition of wolf-killed prey in prince albert national park, saskatchewan.chronic stress and poor body condition can cause adverse physiological and behavioural responses and may make animals more vulnerable to predation. we examined hair cortisol concentration (hcc) and marrow lipid content, as bioindicators of chronic stress and body condition, respectively, of bison (bison bison bison), moose (alces alces) and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) killed by wolves (canis lupus) in prince albert national park (panp), saskatchewan, canada. the sturgeon river pla ...201931308948
relative virulence in bison and cattle of bison-associated genotypes of mycoplasma bovis.mycoplasma bovis, a frequent contributor to polymicrobial respiratory disease in cattle, has recently emerged as a major health problem in north american bison. strong circumstantial evidence suggests it can be the sole pathogen causing disease manifestations in outbreaks of mortality in bison, but direct evidence is lacking. the goal of this study was to compare clinical signs and lesions in bison and cattle experimentally infected with field isolates of m. bovis recovered from bison. bison (n  ...201830080673
vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf-a) and fibroblast growth factor (fgf-2) as potential regulators of seasonal reproductive processes in male european bison (bison bonasus, linnaeus 1758).growth factors: vascular endothelial growth factor a (vegf-a) and fibroblast growth factor (fgf-2) were reported to affect normal physiological reproductive processes in human, domestic and free living animals. moreover, some reports suggest that vegf-a and fgf-2 may be directly involved in the control of the annual reproductive cycle of seasonally breeding animals but detailed knowledge is still missing. our study aimed to demonstrate the expression of mrna and protein for both factors in the t ...201829626449
increased parasitic load in captive-released european bison (bison bonasus) has important implications for reintroduction programs.captive-bred animals, widely used in reintroduction programmes, are often immunologically naïve and more susceptible to pathogens. we analysed infection of invasive blood-sucking nematode ashworthius sidemi in captive-bred european bison (bison bonasus) released to the wild in the białowieża forest (poland). mean a. sidemi infection intensity of released bison (29,137 nematodes) was over threefold higher than in wild bison (8756). it indicates a rapid acquisition and increase in the infection in ...201829549590
obtaining wisent early blastocyst in vitro is a basic for protection and creation of biodiversity for this threatened species.wisent, or european bison (bison bonasus), is listed as "vulnerable" on the iucn red list of threatened species and is therefore protected by international law. for the first time, a wisent embryo has been obtained in vitro. this procedure creates a new opportunity to protect and increase wisent reproductive potential and thereby opens new possibilities for the establishment of a controlled and broad reserve of the gene pool.201829542185
efficacy of a butorphanol, azaperone, and medetomidine combination for helicopter-based immobilization of bison ( bison bison).decreased access to potent narcotics for wildlife applications has stimulated the need to explore alternative drug combinations for ungulate immobilizations. a combination of butorphanol, azaperone, and medetomidine (bam) has been used for some ungulate species, but information on its use in bison ( bison bison) is limited. we conducted field trials using bam, in conjunction with atipamezole and naltrexone as antagonists, for reversible field immobilization of bison during ground- and helicopter ...201829863971
collection and processing of lymph nodes from large animals for rna analysis: preparing for lymph node transcriptomic studies of large animal species.large animals (both livestock and wildlife) serve as important reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens, including brucella, mycobacterium bovis, salmonella, and e. coli, and are useful for the study of pathogenesis and/or spread of the bacteria in natural hosts. with the key function of lymph nodes in the host immune response, lymph node tissues serve as a potential source of rna for downstream transcriptomic analyses, in order to assess the temporal changes in gene expression in cells over the course ...201829863658
high species diversity of trichostrongyle parasite communities within and between western canadian commercial and conservation bison herds revealed by nemabiome metabarcoding.many trichostrongylid nematode species are reported to infect bison, some of which are major causes of disase and production loss in north american bison herds. however, there is little information on the species distribution and relative abundance of these parasites in either commercial or conservation herds. this is largely because trichostrongylid nematode species cannot be distinguished by visual microscopic examination of eggs present in feces. consequently, we have applied its2 rdna nemabi ...201829764472
bison body size and climate change.the relationship between body size and temperature of mammals is poorly resolved, especially for large keystone species such as bison (bison bison). bison are well represented in the fossil record across north america, which provides an opportunity to relate body size to climate within a species. we measured the length of a leg bone (calcaneal tuber, dstl) in 849 specimens from 60 localities that were dated by stratigraphy and 14c decay. we estimated body mass (m) as m = (dstl/11.49)3. average a ...201829760897
development and assessment of a body condition score scheme for european bison (bison bonasus).resettlement projects of the strongly threatened european bison (bison bonasus) require a monitoring phase to assess both population status and habitat quality. schemes of animal body condition scores (bcs) are robust tools to meet this requirement in practice. however, so far, no bcs scheme has been designed for european bison. here, we suggest a body condition score scheme based on the extent of soft tissue around bony structures. the scoring system was developed with scores ranging from 1 (em ...201830261586
local regulators of seasonal reproduction processes in uterus masculinus of an adult male european bison (bison bonasus, linnaeus 1758).growth factors, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (hif-1α) and klotho protein all have very important functions in the male reproduction; however their role in the regulation of seasonal reproductive processes in the male european bison remains unclear. similarly, although the uterus masculinus is very frequently found in the bison, its importance and functions remain unknown. it is likely that, this organ may have secretory functions and thus be a target for various regulatory factors. therefore ...201830683826
an assessment of the use of cox1 and cox3 mitochondrial genetic markers for the identification of dictyocaulus spp. (nematoda: trichostrongyloidea) in wild ruminants.lungworms of the genus dictyocaulus railliet and henry, 1907 (nematoda: trichostrongyloidea) are the causative agents of parasitic bronchitis (dictyocaulosis, husk) of various ungulate hosts, including domestic and wild ruminants. correct diagnosis of lungworm species and a better understanding of the transmission patterns of dictyocaulus spp. are crucial in minimising the risk of its cross transmission between wildlife and livestock, and for the control of dictyocaulosis. the study was conducte ...201829736729
seroprevalence and risk factors for selected respiratory and reproductive tract pathogen exposure in european bison (bison bonasus) in poland.after the complete extinction from the wild of european bison (bison bonasus) at the beginning of the twentieth century, the worldwide species population was restored to approximately 5500 individuals, with the species however remaining endangered. despite numerous studies on the ecology and genetics of european bison, the threats of infectious diseases have been largely unexamined. the aim of this study was to screen the exposure of the world's largest population of european bison to the pathog ...201829426407
stable isotope signatures of large herbivore foraging habitats across europe.we investigated how do environmental and climatic factors, but also management, affect the carbon (δ13c) and nitrogen (δ15n) stable isotope composition in bone collagen of the two largest contemporary herbivores: european bison (bison bonasus) and moose (alces alces) across europe. we also analysed how different scenarios of population recovery- reintroduction in bison and natural recovery in moose influenced feeding habitats and diet of these two species and compared isotopic signatures of mode ...201829293647
perspectives on grassland conservation efforts: should we rewild to the past or conserve for the future?grasslands are among the most imperilled biomes of the world. identifying the most appropriate framework for restoring grasslands is dependent on the objectives of restoration, which is inherently determined by human priorities. debates over the appropriate conservation model for grasslands have often focused on which species of herbivores should be the focus of restoration efforts. here we discuss three perspectives of herbivore-based conservation in north american grasslands. first, the pleist ...201830348865
trace elements in the liver of captive and free-ranging european bison (bison bonasus l.).european bison is classified as a vulnerable species because of many threats. we analyzed the content of toxic and essential elements (ag, al, as, ba, be, cd, co, cr, cu, hg, mg, mn, na, ni, pb, se, th, tl, u, v, and zn) in the livers of 30 captive and free-ranging european bison from the bison breeding center in smardzewice and from białowieża primeval forest in poland. the contents of toxic elements were lower than reported previously in european bison and were similar to those of wild ungulat ...201829154121
gastrointestinal parasites of captive european bison bison bonasus (l.) with a sign of reduced efficacy of haemonchus contortus to fenbendazole.the history of european bison bison bonasus linnaeus, 1758 has been stormy since its extinction in the wild after the first world war. due to the fact that the species was restored from just 12 founders, further expansion has suffered from low genetic variability, rendering the bison vulnerable to various pathogens due to inbreeding depression. parasites are recognised as a key biological threat to bison population. thus, parasitological examination including monitoring of the level of anthelmin ...201829090320
microbial community composition along the digestive tract in forage- and grain-fed bison.diversity and composition of microbial communities was compared across the 13 major sections of the digestive tract (esophagus, reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and rectum) in two captive populations of american bison (bison bison), one of which was finished on forage, the other on grain.201728818110
potential for improving fiber digestion in the rumen of cattle (bos taurus) through microbial inoculation from bison (bison bison): in situ fiber degradation.the objective of this experiment was to determine if partial replacement of cattle rumen contents with those from bison would increase in situ ruminal fiber degradation of various forages. the second objective was to examine individual variation among cattle in their ability to degrade forage and their responses to inoculation. in situ degradation of barley straw, canola straw, alfalfa hay, and timothy hay was measured in 16 ruminally cannulated heifers fed a barley straw-based diet before and a ...201728726998
diet segregation in american bison (bison bison) of yellowstone national park (wyoming, usa).body size is a major factor in the nutritional ecology of ruminant mammals. females, due to their smaller size and smaller rumen, have more rapid food-passage times than males and thereby require higher quality forage. males are more efficient at converting high-fiber forage into usable energy and thus, are more concerned with quantity. american bison are sexually dimorphic and sexually segregate for the majority of their adult lives, and in yellowstone national park, they occur in two distinct ...201728705156
new insight on the role of melatonin receptors in reproductive processes of seasonal breeders on the example of mature male european bison (bison bonasus, linnaeus 1758).melatonin receptors (mt1 and mt2) were shown to regulate proper functioning of reproductive system, especially in seasonally breeding animals. european bison is a unique endangered seasonal breeder and knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of its reproduction is crucial for the survival of the species. the aim of this study was to assess gene expression, protein synthesis and immunohistochemical localization of mt1 and mt2 receptors in testicular and spermatic cord vessels tissues collected in p ...201728570908
effect of extending fsh treatment on superovulation and embryo production in wood bison (bison bison athabascae).the effect of extending the length of the fsh treatment protocol on superovulatory response and embryo production was investigated in wood bison during the anovulatory and ovulatory seasons. in experiment 1 (anovulatory season), follicular wave emergence was synchronized by follicular ablation (day -1) and bison were assigned randomly to two groups (n = 14/group) and given 200 mg fsh on day 0 and day 2 (non-extended group), or 133 mg fsh on days 0, 2, and 4 (extended group). human chorionic gona ...201728460674
validation of the biopryn enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of pregnancy-specific protein-b (pspb) and diagnosis of pregnancy in american bison (bison bison).this study assessed the accuracy of the commercial biopryn® elisa for the detection of pregnancy-specific protein-b (pspb) using a single blood sample to determine pregnancy status in american bison (bison bison). a total of 49 bison cows were used in the study, and sampled at two time-points during the gestation period, fall and spring, correlating with early- to mid-term gestation (average 62.9 days post-mating) and mid- to late-term gestation (average 229.2 days post-mating), respectively. se ...201728406529
a serologic survey of mycoplasma spp. in farmed bison ( bison bison) herds in western canada.mycoplasma bovis is emerging as an important pathogen of farmed bison in north america and is associated with high morbidity and mortality in affected herds. we developed an in-house elisa to detect antibodies against mycoplasma spp. in bison sera. the aims of the study were to estimate the seroprevalence against mycoplasma spp. in bison herds with or without past history of m. bovis-associated disease, and to determine potential risk factors for seropositivity to mycoplasma spp. in farmed bison ...201728578617
anthrax in the mackenzie wood bison (bison bison athabascae) population: 2012 anthrax outbreak and historical exposure in nonoutbreak years.anthrax, caused by the spore-forming bacterium bacillus anthracis, poses a threat to wood bison (bison bison athabascae) conservation. we used descriptive epidemiology to characterize a large outbreak of anthrax in the mackenzie bison population in the northwest territories, canada, in 2012 and investigated historical serologic exposure of the bison to the bacterium in nonoutbreak years. between late june and early august 2012, 451 bison carcasses were detected; mortality peaked from 13-19 july. ...201728767322
interrelationships of dictyocaulus spp. in wild ruminants with morphological description of dictyocaulus cervi n. sp. (nematoda: trichostrongyloidea) from red deer, cervus elaphus.lungworms from the genus dictyocaulus cause parasitic bronchitis (dictyocaulosis) characterized by coughing and severe lung pathology in both domestic and wild ruminants. in this study we investigated the interrelationships of dictyocaulus spp. from european bison (bison bonasus l.), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and red deer (cervus elaphus) by nucleotide sequence analysis spanning the 18s rna gene (ssu) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) regions of the ribosomal gene array as well as th ...201728585897
clinical presentation, prevalence, and risk factors associated with mycoplasma bovis-associated disease in farmed bison (bison bison) herds in western canada. 201728467749
seroprevalence of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in exotic ruminants and camelids in the czech republic.neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii are the protozoan parasites with definitive hosts from order carnivora. due to vertical transmission, both parasites can cause abortions and neonatal mortality that lead to significant productive and economic losses in the domestic ruminants. the aim of this study was to describe n. caninum and t. gondii seroprevalence in the group of frequently farmed captive exotic ruminants (n = 184) including bovidae (barbary sheep, bezoar goat, common eland, american b ...201728497227
first toxoplasma gondii isolate from an aborted foetus of european bison (bison bonasus bonasus l.).the study was performed on a male european bison (bison bonasus bonasus l.) foetus spontaneously aborted at the fourth or fifth month of pregnancy in the białowieża forest. serum samples from the foetus and mother revealed the presence of antibodies against t. gondii (s/p% = 88% and 75%, respectively). mobile extracellular tachyzoites were first observed in a vero cell culture, 110 days following inoculation of brain homogenate. pcr amplification with tgr1e1 and tgr1e2 primers confirmed the pres ...201728685180
the impact of rewilding, species introductions and climate change on the structure and function of the yukon boreal forest ecosystem.community and ecosystem changes are happening in the pristine boreal forest ecosystem of the yukon for two reasons. first, climate change is affecting the abiotic environment (temperature, rainfall, growing season) and driving changes in plant productivity and predator-prey interactions. secondly, simultaneously change is occurring because of mammal species reintroductions and rewilding. the key ecological question is the impact these faunal changes will have on trophic dynamics. primary product ...201729168615
epidemiology of schmallenberg virus in european bison (bison bonasus) in poland.schmallenberg virus (sbv), an emerging arbovirus in europe, is an important pathogen in domestic ruminants; however, its impact on free-ranging wild ruminants is not well studied. three hundred and forty-seven serum samples collected between 2011 and 2016 from 302 european bison (bison bonasus) from 12 different sites in poland were tested for the presence of sbv antibodies. in addition, 86 sera were collected between 2013 and 2016 from three species of cervids for testing for sbv antibodies. af ...201729148884
impact-related microspherules in late pleistocene alaskan and yukon "muck" deposits signify recurrent episodes of catastrophic emplacement.large quantities of impact-related microspherules have been found in fine-grained sediments retained within seven out of nine, radiocarbon-dated, late pleistocene mammoth (mammuthus primigenius) and bison (bison priscus) skull fragments. the well-preserved fossils were recovered from frozen "muck" deposits (organic-rich silt) exposed within the fairbanks and klondike mining districts of alaska, usa, and the yukon territory, canada. in addition, elevated platinum abundances were found in sediment ...201729192242
bovine tuberculosis outbreak in farmed american bison (bison bison) in poland.poland has been an officially bovine tuberculosis (btb) free country for the last seven years. the problem currently observed is the increasing number of new cases of btb in wild species, kept in a farmed herd and free-living herd: european bison (bison bonasus), wild boar (sus scrofa), wolves (canis lupus) and red deer (cervus elaphus). this article presents the case of mycobacterium caprae transmission to an american bison (bison bison) herd kept on a private farm in eastern poland.201729611649
effects of prolonged immunocontraception on the breeding behavior of american bison.in late 2009, the catalina island conservancy began using fertility control to replace periodic removals to manage an introduced population of american bison (bison bison) on the island. through the application of the immunocontraceptive vaccine porcine zona pellucida (pzp), population growth was slowed within 1 year, and halted over time. in response to lingering questions about the use of pzp to manage large, free-ranging wildlife populations, we sought to determine the reversibility of pzp by ...201729674785
evidence of low prevalence of mycobacterial lymphadenitis in wild boars (sus scrofa) in poland.mycobacterium spp. and rhodococcus equi are generally regarded as the main causes of lymphadenitis in pigs and wild boars. in poland, mycobacterial submandibular lymphadenitis was first diagnosed in a wild boar in 2012 but mycobacterium spp. infections are also present in the polish population of european bison (bison bonasus). the prevalence of lymphadenitis in polish wild boars has been found to 8.4% (95% ci 6.2-11.3%) and it has been proved that r. equi is not an important cause of purulent l ...201728122588
brucellosis transmission between wildlife and livestock in the greater yellowstone ecosystem: inferences from dna genotyping.the wildlife of the greater yellowstone ecosystem carries brucellosis, which was first introduced to the area by cattle in the 19th century. brucellosis transmission between wildlife and livestock has been difficult to study due to challenges in culturing the causative agent, brucella abortus . we examined b. abortus transmission between american bison ( bison bison ), rocky mountain elk ( cervus elaphus nelsoni), and cattle ( bos taurus ) using variable number tandem repeat (vntr) markers on dn ...201728118557
genome data on the extinct bison schoetensacki establish it as a sister species of the extant european bison (bison bonasus).the european bison (bison bonasus), now found in europe and the caucasus, has been proposed to originate either from the extinct steppe/extant american bison lineage or from the extinct bison schoetensacki lineage. bison schoetensacki remains are documented in eurasian middle pleistocene sites, but their presence in upper pleistocene sites has been questioned. despite extensive genetic studies carried out on the steppe and european bison, no remains from the fossil record morphologically identif ...201728187706
the association between continual, year-round hunting and bellowing rate of bison bulls during the rut.the impact of hunting (selective harvest, trophy hunting) on the demography of mammals is well documented. however, despite continual year-round hunting of bison in some populations, little is known about how the behavior of survivors may be altered. therefore, in this initial study, we used focal-animal observations in adjacent populations of continually hunted and protected plains bison (bison bison bison) in western south dakota, to examine the potential impact of hunting on bellowing rate-an ...201728396826
effects of ecg and progesterone on superovulation and embryo production in wood bison (bison bison athabascae).experiments were done to determine if inclusion of ecg and progesterone in the superstimulation protocol will increase the ovarian response and embryo production in wood bison, and to provide preliminary information regarding the effect of season. in experiment 1 (anovulatory season), bison (n=26) were synchronized by follicular ablation (day -1) and given fsh on days 0 and 2, and assigned to 3 groups: progesterone (days 0-4), ecg (day 3), or progesterone+ecg. on day 5, bison were given hcg and ...201728389047
a preliminary assessment of the effects of reproductive seasonality on seminal plasma characteristics in north american bison (bison bison).the two subspecies of the north american bison, plains ( bison bison bison) and wood ( bison bison athabascae) bison, are seasonal breeders. the objective of this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation into the effects of season on semen. to test the hypothesis that there are seasonal effects on seminal plasma, protein profiles of seminal plasma from plains and wood bison (n = 2 of each subspecies) were compared between breeding and nonbreeding seasons. using two-dimensional gel electr ...201728363057
complex variation in habitat selection strategies among individuals driven by extrinsic factors.understanding behavioral strategies employed by animals to maximize fitness in the face of environmental heterogeneity, variability, and uncertainty is a central aim of animal ecology. flexibility in behavior may be key to how animals respond to climate and environmental change. using a mechanistic modeling framework for simultaneously quantifying the effects of habitat preference and intrinsic movement on space use at the landscape scale, we investigate how movement and habitat selection vary a ...201728331589
fossil and genomic evidence constrains the timing of bison arrival in north america.the arrival of bison in north america marks one of the most successful large-mammal dispersals from asia within the last million years, yet the timing and nature of this event remain poorly determined. here, we used a combined paleontological and paleogenomic approach to provide a robust timeline for the entry and subsequent evolution of bison within north america. we characterized two fossil-rich localities in canada's yukon and identified the oldest well-constrained bison fossil in north ameri ...201728289222
in vitro-production of embryos using immature oocytes collected transvaginally from superstimulated wood bison (bison bison athabascae).two experiments were done to test the hypothesis that morphologic characteristics of wood bison cumulus-oocyte complexes (coc) are reflective of the ability of the oocyte to develop to an advanced embryonic stage after in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture, and to determine the effect of prolonging the interval from the end of superstimulation treatment to oocyte collection (fsh starvation period). experiments were done during the anovulatory season. in experiment 1, ovarian superstimul ...201728237324
broad-scale lake expansion and flooding inundates essential wood bison habitat.understanding the interaction between the response of a complex ecosystem to climate change and the protection of vulnerable wildlife species is essential for conservation efforts. in the northwest territories (canada), the recent movement of the mackenzie wood bison herd (bison bison athabascae) out of their designated territory has been postulated as a response to the loss of essential habitat following regional lake expansion. we show that the proportion of this landscape occupied by water do ...201728230049
the efficacy of nalbuphine, medetomidine, and azaperone in immobilizing american bison (bison bison).we evaluated a combination of nalbuphine, medetomidine, and azaperone (nalmed-a) in 12 american bison ( bison bison ) during 13 sedation handling events. the mean (se) dosage was 0.4 (0.02) mg/kg nalbuphine, 0.08 (0.003) mg/kg medetomidine, and 0.08 (0.003) mg/kg azaperone contained in an average delivery volume of 0.8 ml/100 kg. two animals required a supplemental dose for safe handling (additive dose used in calculating means) and a third animal was not adequately sedated despite a supplementa ...201728051569
in vitro embryo production in wood bison (bison bison athabascae) using in vivo matured cumulus-oocyte complexes.experiments were conducted in wood bison to determine the effect of additional maturation time on embryo development of in vivo matured oocytes. in experiment 1, cumulus-oocyte complexes (coc) were collected 30 hours after hcg treatment in superstimulated wood bison, and expanded coc were fertilized immediately or after 4 hours of additional in vitro maturation. embryo development was assessed on days 3, 7, and 8 (day 0 = day of fertilization). no difference in cleavage rate was detected (55.3% ...201728043342
collective decision-making promotes fitness loss in a fusion-fission society.while collective decision-making is recognised as a significant contributor to fitness in social species, the opposite outcome is also logically possible. we show that collective movement decisions guided by individual bison sharing faulty information about habitat quality promoted the use of ecological traps. the frequent, but short-lived, associations of bison with different spatial knowledge led to a population-wide shift from avoidance to selection of agricultural patches over 9 years in and ...201727873440
mycobacterium bovis in a european bison (bison bonasus) raises concerns about tuberculosis in brazilian captive wildlife populations: a case report.tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis is an important worldwide zoonosis and has been reported to cause clinical disease in several animal species, including captive wildlife. this report describes a case of m. bovis infection in a european bison from a brazilian zoo and compiles a number of literature reports that raise concern regarding tuberculosis among captive wildlife in brazil.201728187776
the first detection of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) rna in dermacentor reticulatus ticks collected from the lowland european bison (bison bonasus bonasus l.).tick borne encephalitis virus (tbev) (flaviviridae, flavivirus) is the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe), a potentially fatal neurological infection. the disease is endemic in a large region in eurasia, where is transmitted mainly by hard ticks: ixodes ricinus and i. persulcatus. it is known that also dermacentor reticulatus is involved in a circulation of tbev, but the knowledge of its importance in the tbe epidemiology is still insufficient. the białowieża primeval forest is loc ...201626751883
estimating neospora caninum prevalence in wildlife populations using bayesian inference.prevalence of disease in wildlife populations, which is necessary for developing disease models and conducting epidemiologic analyses, is often understudied. laboratory tests used to screen for diseases in wildlife populations often are validated only for domestic animals. consequently, the use of these tests for wildlife populations may lead to inaccurate estimates of disease prevalence. we demonstrate the use of bayesian latent class analysis (lca) in determining the specificity and sensitivit ...201627099713
trypanosoma vivax in water buffalo of the venezuelan llanos: an unusual outbreak of wasting disease in an endemic area of typically asymptomatic infections.trypanosoma vivax has been associated with asymptomatic infections in african and south american buffalo. in this study, t. vivax was analyzed in water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) from venezuela in a molecular survey involving 293 blood samples collected from 2006 to 2015 across the llanos region. results demonstrated constant infections (average 23%) during the years analyzed. in general, animals were healthy carriers of t. vivax with low levels of parasitemia and were diagnosed exclusively by tv ...201627884441
relationships between antimicrobial resistance, distribution of virulence factor genes and the origin of trueperella pyogenes isolated from domestic animals and european bison (bison bonasus).trueperella pyogenes is an opportunistic pathogen causing suppurative infections in livestock and wild animals. although this bacterium is known for a long time, our knowledge about its pathogenicity is still insufficient. in this study the relationships between antimicrobial resistance profiles, distribution of virulence factor genes and the origin of t. pyogenes isolates were investigated. isolates (n = 97) from various infections in domestic animals and european bison were studied. minimal in ...201627154538
Refresh
firstprev
123456
nextlast
Displaying items 1 - 100 of 577