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establishing an induced pluripotent stem cell line from neonatal common marmoset fibroblasts by an all-in-one episomal vector approach.epstein-barr virus (ebv)-based episomal vector system enables persistent transgene expression, which is advantageous for efficient derivation of transgene-free induced pluripotent stem cells (ipscs) without viral transduction. here, we report establishment of an ipsc line from somatic fibroblasts of a neonatal common marmoset monkey (marmoset; callithrix jacchus) using an all-in-one episomal vector that we newly developed. the established ipsc line, named nm-ips, showed standard characteristics ...202134088009
plasma and hepatic concentrations of acetaminophen and its primary conjugates after oral administrations determined in experimental animals and humans and extrapolated by pharmacokinetic modeling.plasma concentrations of acetaminophen, its glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, and cysteinyl acetaminophen were experimentally determined after oral administrations of 10 mg/kg in humanized-liver mice, control mice, rats, common marmosets, cynomolgus monkeys, and minipigs; the results were compared with reported human pharmacokinetic data. among the animals tested, only rats predominantly converted acetaminophen to sulfate conjugates, rather than glucuronide conjugates. in contrast, the values ...202033179995
controlling the switch from neurogenesis to pluripotency during marmoset monkey somatic cell reprogramming with self-replicating mrnas and small molecules.induced pluripotent stem cells (ipscs) hold enormous potential for the development of cell-based therapies; however, the safety and efficacy of potential ipsc-based treatments need to be verified in relevant animal disease models before their application in the clinic. here, we report the derivation of ipscs from common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) using self-replicating mrna vectors based on the venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (vee-mrnas). by transfection of marmoset fibroblasts w ...202033167468
animal models of human pregnancy and placentation: alternatives to the mouse.the mouse is often criticized as a model for pregnancy research as gestation is short, with much of organ development completed postnatally. there are also differences in the structure and physiology of the placenta between mouse and human. this review considers eight alternative models that recently have been proposed and two established ones that seem underutilized. a promising newcomer among rodents is the spiny mouse, which has a longer gestation than the mouse with organogenesis complete at ...202033112767
whole brain mapping of somatosensory responses in awake marmosets investigated with ultra-high field fmri.the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a small-bodied new world primate that is becoming an important model to study brain functions. despite several studies exploring the somatosensory system of marmosets, all results have come from anesthetized animals using invasive techniques and post-mortem analyses. here we demonstrate the feasibility for getting high-quality and reproduceable somatosensory mapping in awake marmosets with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri). we acquired fmri ...202033112698
cortico-subcortical functional connectivity profiles of resting-state networks in marmosets and humans.understanding the similarity of cortico-subcortical networks topologies between humans and nonhuman primate species is critical to study the origin of network alternations underlying human neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. the new world common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) has become popular as a non-human primate model for human brain function. most marmoset connectomic research, however, has exclusively focused on cortical areas, with connectivity to subcortical networks less extensi ...202033097633
nonadjacent dependency processing in monkeys, apes, and humans.the ability to track syntactic relationships between words, particularly over distances ("nonadjacent dependencies"), is a critical faculty underpinning human language, although its evolutionary origins remain poorly understood. while some monkey species are reported to process auditory nonadjacent dependencies, comparative data from apes are missing, complicating inferences regarding shared ancestry. here, we examined nonadjacent dependency processing in common marmosets, chimpanzees, and human ...202033087361
generation of common marmoset model lines of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3.animal models are indispensable tools in the development of innovative treatments for rare and incurable diseases. to date, there is almost no effective treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, and animal models that properly simulate human disease pathologies are eagerly anticipated to identify disease biomarkers and develop therapeutic methods and agents. among experimental animals, non-human primates are the most suitable animal models for the study of neurodegenerative diseases with human-s ...202033071733
spectral power in marmoset frontal motor cortex during natural locomotor behavior.during primate arboreal locomotion, substrate orientation modifies body axis orientation and biomechanical contribution of fore- and hindlimbs. to characterize the role of cortical oscillations in integrating these locomotor demands, we recorded electrocorticographic activity from left dorsal premotor, primary motor, and supplementary motor cortices of three common marmosets moving across a branch-like small-diameter pole, fixed horizontally or vertically. animals displayed behavioral adjustment ...202033068002
domestication phenotype linked to vocal behavior in marmoset monkeys.the domestication syndrome refers to a set of traits that are the by-products of artificial selection for increased tolerance toward humans [1-3]. one hypothesis is that some species, like humans and bonobos, "self-domesticated" and have been under selection for that same suite of domesticated phenotypes [4-8]. however, the evidence for this has been largely circumstantial. here, we provide evidence that, in marmoset monkeys, the size of a domestication phenotype-a white facial fur patch-is link ...202033065007
primary neuron and astrocyte cultures from postnatal callithrix jacchus: a non-human primate in vitro model for research in neuroscience, nervous system aging, and neurological diseases of aging.the ability to generate in vitro cultures of neuronal cells has been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the nervous system. rodent models have been the principal source of brain cells used in primary cultures for over a century, providing insights that are widely applicable to human diseases. however, therapeutic agents that showed benefit in rodent models, particularly those pertaining to aging and age-associated dementias, have frequently failed in clinical trials. this discrepancy ...202033063253
anatomy of the paranasal sinuses of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus linnaeus, 1758) and radiographic positioning for diagnosis of these structures.callithrix jacchus, it is a species highly targeted by wild animal traffickers and, when apprehended, they need veterinary care. for safe therapeutic procedures, knowledge of anatomy is essential, as well as for diagnostic by imaging, good radiographic positioning is essential.202033053201
spontaneous travelling cortical waves gate perception in behaving primates.perceptual sensitivity varies from moment to moment. one potential source of this variability is spontaneous fluctuations in cortical activity that can travel as waves1. spontaneous travelling waves have been reported during anaesthesia2-7, but it is not known whether they have a role during waking perception. here, using newly developed analytic techniques to characterize the moment-to-moment dynamics of noisy multielectrode data, we identify spontaneous waves of activity in the extrastriate vi ...202033029013
robustness of sex-differences in functional connectivity over time in middle-aged marmosets.nonhuman primates (nhps) are an essential research model for gaining a comprehensive understanding of the neural mechanisms of neurocognitive aging in our own species. in the present study, we used resting state functional connectivity (rsfc) to investigate the relationship between prefrontal cortical and striatal neural interactions, and cognitive flexibility, in unanaesthetized common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) at two time points during late middle age (8 months apart, similar to a span of ...202033024242
discovery of a novel simian pegivirus in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) with lymphocytic enterocolitis.from 2010 to 2015, 73 common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) housed at the wisconsin national primate research center (wnprc) were diagnosed postmortem with lymphocytic enterocolitis. we used unbiased deep-sequencing to screen the blood of deceased enterocolitis-positive marmosets for viruses. in five out of eight common marmosets with lymphocytic enterocolitis, we discovered a novel pegivirus not present in ten matched, clinically normal controls. the novel virus, which we named southwest bike t ...202033007921
face selective patches in marmoset frontal cortex.in humans and macaque monkeys, socially relevant face processing is accomplished via a distributed functional network that includes specialized patches in frontal cortex. it is unclear whether a similar network exists in new world primates, who diverged ~35 million years from old world primates. the common marmoset is a new world primate species ideally placed to address this question given their complex social repertoire. here, we demonstrate the existence of a putative high-level face processi ...202032978385
marmosets have a greater diversity of c-fos response after hyperstimulation in distinct cortical regions as compared to rats.previous evidence indicated a potential mechanism that might support the fact that primates exhibit greater neural integration capacity as a result of the activation of different structures of the central nervous system, as compared to rodents. the current study aimed to provide further evidence to confirm previous findings by analyzing the patterns of c-fos expression in more neocortical structures of rats and marmosets using a more robust quantitative technique and evaluating a larger number o ...202032975324
effects of ketamine administration on auditory information processing in the neocortex of nonhuman primates.ketamine, an n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor antagonist, exerts broad effects on consciousness and perception. since nmda receptor antagonists induce cognitive impairments, ketamine has been used for translational research on several psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia. whereas the effects of ketamine on cognitive functions have been extensively studied, studies on the effects of ketamine on simple sensory information processing remain limited. in this study, we investigated the cor ...202032973576
inexpensive home infrared living/environment sensor with regional thermal information for infant physical and psychological development.the use of home-based image sensors for biological and environmental monitoring provides novel insight into health and development but it is difficult to evaluate people during their normal activities in their home. therefore, we developed a low-cost infrared (ir) technology-based motion, location, temperature and thermal environment detection system that can be used non-invasively for long-term studies in the home environment. we tested this technology along with the associated analysis algorit ...202032961676
ventromedial prefrontal area 14 provides opposing regulation of threat and reward-elicited responses in the common marmoset.the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmpfc) is a key brain structure implicated in mood and anxiety disorders, based primarily on evidence from correlational neuroimaging studies. composed of a number of brain regions with distinct architecture and connectivity, dissecting its functional heterogeneity will provide key insights into the symptomatology of these disorders. focusing on area 14, lying on the medial and orbital surfaces of the gyrus rectus, this study addresses a key question of causal ...202032958652
a novel staphylococcal enterotoxin se02 involved in a staphylococcal food poisoning outbreak that occurred in tokyo in 2004.staphylococcal enterotoxins (ses) are extracellular proteins, produced mainly by staphylococcus aureus, which cause staphylococcal food poisoning (sfp) when ingested. here, a novel se was identified from two strains, which were identified as the causative microbes of the sfp outbreak that occurred in tokyo in 2004. both strains harbored the sea gene, but its production was lower than that of other sea-producing sfp isolates. whole-genome sequencing analysis demonstrated that both strains harbore ...202032950172
fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations increase in newly paired male marmosets (callithrix jacchus).the role by which the gut microbiome influences host health (e.g., energy equilibrium and immune system) may be partly mediated by short-chain fatty acids, which are bacterial fermentation products from the dietary fibers. however, little is known about longitudinal changes in gut microbiome metabolites during cohabitation alongside social contact. in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), the gut microbiome community is influenced by social contact, as newly paired males and females develop con ...202032938699
synchrony of spontaneous burst firing between retinal ganglion cells across species.neurons communicate with other neurons in response to environmental changes. their goal is to transmit information to their targets reliably. a burst, which consists of multiple spikes within a short time interval, plays an essential role in enhancing the reliability of information transmission through synapses. in the visual system, retinal ganglion cells (rgcs), the output neurons of the retina, show bursting activity and transmit retinal information to the lateral geniculate neuron of the tha ...202032921641
ultrahigh-resolution mri reveals extensive cortical demyelination in a nonhuman primate model of multiple sclerosis.cortical lesions are a primary driver of disability in multiple sclerosis (ms). however, noninvasive detection of cortical lesions with in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (mri) remains challenging. experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) in the common marmoset is a relevant animal model of ms for investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to brain damage. this study aimed to characterize cortical lesions in marmosets with eae using ultrahigh-field (7 t) mri and histological ...202032901254
pharmacokinetics and effects on clinical and physiological parameters following a single bolus dose of propofol in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).the objectives of this study were (a) to establish a population pharmacokinetic model and (b) to investigate the clinical and physiological effects of a single bolus dose of propofol in common marmosets. in study 1, pharmacokinetic analysis was performed in six marmosets under sevoflurane anaesthesia. 8 mg/kg of propofol was administrated at a rate of 4 mg kg-1  min-1 . blood samples were collected 2, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 or 180 min after starting propofol administration. plasma concentration ...202032880998
axonal projections from middle temporal area to the pulvinar in the common marmoset.the pulvinar, the largest thalamic nucleus in the primate brain, has connections with a variety of cortical areas and is involved in many aspects of higher brain functions. among cortico-pulvino-cortical systems, the connection between the middle temporal area (mt) and the pulvinar has been thought to contribute significantly to complex motion recognition. recently, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), has become a valuable model for a variety of neuroscience studies, including visual neuro ...202032866602
detection of toxoplasma gondii dna in heart tissue from common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) monitored for yellow fever and rabies in pernambuco state, northeastern of brazil.there is limited available information concerning the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in noncaptive monkeys. also, new world monkeys (nwm) are highly susceptible to toxoplasmosis, which is a conservation concern. this study aimed to investigate apicomplexan parasites in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) collected for yellow fever and rabies surveillance program in northeastern region of brazil. heart fragments of 39 free-ranging common marmosets were analyzed for the presence of the 18s rdna ...202032862888
the mptp-lesioned marmoset model of parkinson's disease: proposed efficacy thresholds that may potentially predict successful clinical trial results.the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-lesioned common marmoset has been used extensively to model parkinson's disease, l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa)-induced dyskinesia and, more recently, dopaminergic psychosis. whereas several experimental drugs have been tested in this primate, many of which subsequently underwent clinical trials, efficacy thresholds in the marmoset that would predict efficacy in the clinic are lacking. here, we aimed to determine such efficacy end po ...202032860561
having infants in the family group promotes altruistic behavior of marmoset monkeys.the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) has attracted much attention as a useful model for studying social behaviors [1-3]. they naturally live in a monogamous family group and exhibit cooperative breeding [4], in which parents and older siblings help to carry infants less than 2 months old [5-7]. marmoset parents also transfer foods to their offspring, a process that may help them learn the food diet [8]. furthermore, marmosets show spontaneous altruistic behaviors, such as providing food to n ...202032822603
comparison of nonhuman primates identified the suitable model for covid-19.identification of a suitable nonhuman primate (nhp) model of covid-19 remains challenging. here, we characterized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection in three nhp species: old world monkeys macaca mulatta (m. mulatta) and macaca fascicularis (m. fascicularis) and new world monkey callithrix jacchus (c. jacchus). infected m. mulatta and m. fascicularis showed abnormal chest radiographs, an increased body temperature and a decreased body weight. viral genomes wer ...202032814760
what is your diagnosis? fine-needle aspiration from the left humerus of a common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). 202032789976
molecular cloning and tissue distribution of marmoset thiopurine s-methyltransferase.the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a new world monkey that is increasingly used in pharmacological and toxicological studies. thiopurine s-methyltransferase (tpmt) plays roles in the metabolism of widely used anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. here, we report the isolation and molecular characterization of marmoset tpmt cdna, which was found to contain an open-reading frame of 245 amino acids that was approximately 92% identical to its human ortholog. marmoset tpmt was phylogenetic ...202032788077
histopathologic patterns and susceptibility of neotropical primates naturally infected with yellow fever virus.yellow fever is an important zoonotic viral disease that can be fatal for both human and nonhuman primates. we evaluated histopathologic changes in free-ranging neotropical primates naturally infected with yellow fever virus (yfv) compared with uninfected cohorts. the most frequent lesions in primates infected with yfv were hepatic changes characterized by midzonal necrosis with lipidosis and mild inflammation including lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells, and infrequently neutrophils. import ...202032783517
molecular cloning, sequence analysis, and tissue distribution of marmoset monoamine oxidases a and b.the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a new world primate, is currently attracting much attention as a nonhuman primate model for pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies in preclinical research. in this study, we newly isolated the cdnas of marmoset monoamine oxidase a (mao-a) and mao-b from liver and brain, respectively. mao-a and mao-b cdnas, respectively, contained open reading frames of 527 and 520 amino acids and were approximately 92% and 95% identical to their human orthologs. mar ...202032782138
expression of functional sulfotransferases (sult) 1a1, 1a3, 1b1, 1c2, 1e1, and 2a1 in common marmosets.cytosolic sulfotransferases (sults), which mediate the conjugation of drugs with 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate, have been characterized in humans and cynomolgus monkeys. however, sults remain to be evaluated in common marmosets, a species of non-human primate often employed in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies of endogenous and exogenous compounds. in this study, marmoset sult1a1, 1a3, 1b1, 1c2, 1e1, and 2a1 cdnas were isolated and characterized, based on genome data. the deduc ...202032768400
induction of macrophage-like immunosuppressive cells from common marmoset es cells by stepwise differentiation with dznep.recent progress in regenerative medicine has enabled the utilization of pluripotent stem cells (pscs) as the resource of therapeutic cells/tissue. however, immune suppression is still needed when the donor-recipient combination is allogeneic. we have reported previously that mouse pscs-derived immunosuppressive cells contribute to prolonged survival of grafts derived from the same mouse pscs in allogeneic recipients. for its clinical application, a preclinical study using non-human primates such ...202032724084
evaluation of anaesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects after intramuscular administration of alfaxalone alone, alfaxalone-ketamine and alfaxalone-butorphanol-medetomidine in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).anaesthesia is often required in common marmosets undergoing various procedures. the aim of this study was to evaluate anaesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects of alfaxalone, alfaxalone-ketamine and alfaxalone-butorphanol-medetomidine in common marmosets.202032654222
utility of common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) embryonic stem cells in liver disease modeling, tissue engineering and drug metabolism.the incidence of liver disease is increasing significantly worldwide and, as a result, there is a pressing need to develop new technologies and applications for end-stage liver diseases. for many of them, orthotopic liver transplantation is the only viable therapeutic option. stem cells that are capable of differentiating into all liver cell types and could closely mimic human liver disease are extremely valuable for disease modeling, tissue regeneration and repair, and for drug metabolism studi ...202032630053
life in a harsh environment: the effects of age, sex, reproductive condition, and season on hair cortisol concentration in a wild non-human primate.hair cortisol concentration (hcc) provides a long-term retrospective measure of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, and is increasingly used to assess the life history, health and ecology of wild mammals. given that sex, age, season and pregnancy influence hcc, and that it may indicate ongoing stress, we examined hcc in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) naturally inhabiting a hot and dry semi-desert like habitat, caatinga, in northeastern brazil. we trapped, measured, weighed, mark ...202032612889
effects of interferon-alpha on hippocampal neurogenesis and behavior in common marmosets.in many mammalian species, the production of new neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus continues throughout life. previous studies using rodents suggest that adult-born neurons are involved in memory and cognition tasks and mood regulation. interferon-alpha (ifnα), a proinflammatory cytokine used for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis and malignancies, frequently causes depressive symptoms in patients and animals, including non-human primates. we have previously demonstrated that chroni ...202032590991
muscle-tendon arrangement and innervation pattern of the m. flexor digitorum superficialis in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) and spider monkey (ateles sp.).the muscle-tendon arrangement of the m. flexor digitorum superficialis (fds) varies among different primate groups. recent developmental investigations revealed that the primordium of fds emerges in the hand region first and relocates to the forearm later. the relationship between the diverse muscle-tendon arrangement and the characteristic developmental process of fds is important for understanding the evolutionary changes of the fds. moreover, the innervation pattern cannot go unremarked when ...202032584452
novel imaging technology and procedures for studying brain function in preadolescent awake marmosets.novel imaging technology and procedures were developed to study brain function in preadolescent awake marmosets never exposed to anesthesia.202032580061
recently evolved enhancers emerge with high interindividual variability and less frequently associate with disease.mutations in non-coding regulatory dna such as enhancers underlie a wide variety of diseases including developmental disorders and cancer. as enhancers rapidly evolve, understanding their function and configuration in non-human disease models can have important clinical applications. here, we analyze enhancer configurations in tissues isolated from the common marmoset, a widely used primate model for human disease. integrating these data with human and mouse data, we find that enhancers containi ...202032579926
cardiac mri in common marmosets revealing age-dependency of cardiac function.the aim of this study was to establish a feasible and robust magnetic resonance imaging protocol for the quantitative assessment of cardiac function in marmosets and to present normal values of cardiac function across different ages from young adult, middle-aged, to very old clinically healthy animals. cardiac mri of 33 anesthetized marmosets at the age of 2-15 years was performed at 9.4 t using intragate-flash that operates without any ecg-triggering and breath holding. normalized to post-morte ...202032576909
the profile of lipid metabolites in urine of marmoset wasting syndrome.marmoset wasting syndrome (mws) is clinically characterized by progressive weight loss. although morbidity and mortality of mws are relatively high in captive marmosets, its causes remain unknown. lipid mediators are bioactive metabolites which are produced from polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid (aa) and eicosapentaenoic acid. these lipid metabolites regulate a wide range of inflammatory responses and they are excreted into the urine. as urinary lipid profiles reflect systemi ...202032574169
aging-related changes on social synchronization of circadian activity rhythm in a diurnal primate (callithrix jacchus).the input of environmental time cues and expression of circadian activity rhythms may change with aging. among nonphotic zeitgebers, social cues from conspecific vocalizations may contribute to the stability and survival of individuals of social species, such as nonhuman primates. we evaluated aging-related changes on social synchronization of the circadian activity rhythm (car) in a social diurnal primate, the common marmoset. the activity of 18 male marmosets was recorded by actiwatches in two ...202032573282
promoter activity-based case-control association study on slc6a4 highlighting hypermethylation and altered amygdala volume in male patients with schizophrenia.associations between altered dna methylation of the serotonin transporter (5-htt)-encoding gene slc6a4 and early life adversity, mood and anxiety disorders, and amygdala reactivity have been reported. however, few studies have examined epigenetic alterations of slc6a4 in schizophrenia (sz). we examined cpg sites of slc6a4, whose dna methylation levels have been reported to be altered in bipolar disorder, using 3 independent cohorts of patients with sz and age-matched controls. we found significa ...202032556264
altered resting-state functional connectivity between awake and isoflurane anesthetized marmosets.the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a new world primate that is becoming increasingly popular as a preclinical model. to assess functional connectivity (fc) across the marmoset brain, resting-state functional mri (rs-fmri) is often performed under isoflurane anesthesia to avoid the effects of motion, physiological stress, and training requirements. in marmosets, however, it remains unclear how isoflurane anesthesia affects patterns of fc. here, we investigated the effects of isoflurane o ...202032556184
human-specific arhgap11b increases size and folding of primate neocortex in the fetal marmoset.the neocortex has expanded during mammalian evolution. overexpression studies in developing mouse and ferret neocortex have implicated the human-specific gene arhgap11b in neocortical expansion, but the relevance for primate evolution has been unclear. here, we provide functional evidence that arhgap11b causes expansion of the primate neocortex. arhgap11b expressed in fetal neocortex of the common marmoset under control of the gene's own (human) promoter increased the numbers of basal radial gli ...202032554627
what smells? developing in-field methods to characterize the chemical composition of wild mammalian scent cues.olfactory cues play an important role in mammalian biology, but have been challenging to assess in the field. current methods pose problematic issues with sample storage and transportation, limiting our ability to connect chemical variation in scents with relevant ecological and behavioral contexts. real-time, in-field analysis via portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) has the potential to overcome these issues, but with trade-offs of reduced sensitivity and compound mass range. ...202032551053
early learning in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus): behavior in the family group is related to preadolescent cognitive performance.early environment can have a major impact on development, with family life known to play an important role. longitudinal studies can therefore help increase our understanding of variance in cognitive abilities in young animals, as well as over time. we followed 22 marmosets (11 male and 11 female) from infancy through to early adolescence. at 3 months old, the marmosets were trained to reliably touch a rewarded stimulus. at 5 months, behavior was observed within the natal group. at 9 months, the ...202032515834
a translational cellular model for the study of peritubular cells of the testis.testicular peritubular cells (tpcs) are smooth muscle-like cells, which form a compartment surrounding the seminiferous tubules. previous studies employing isolated human testicular peritubular cells (htpcs) indicated that their roles in the testis go beyond sperm transport and include paracrine and immunological contributions. peritubular cells from a non-human primate (mktpcs), the common marmoset monkey, callithrix jacchus, share a high degree of homology with htpcs. however, like their human ...202032449695
callitrichid responses to dead and dying infants: the effects of paternal bonding and cause of death.many primates show responses to dead infants, yet testing explanations for these behaviors has been difficult. callitrichids present a unique opportunity to delineate between hypotheses, since unlike most species, male caretakers form closer social bonds with infants than mothers. callitrichids are also known to commit infanticide, leaving obvious wounds that may enable them to more readily recognize death. we present: (1) a case study of a wild common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) group respond ...202032409994
multimodal cross-registration and quantification of metric distortions in marmoset whole brain histology using diffeomorphic mappings.whole brain neuroanatomy using tera-voxel light-microscopic data sets is of much current interest. a fundamental problem in this field is the mapping of individual brain data sets to a reference space. previous work has not rigorously quantified in-vivo to ex-vivo distortions in brain geometry from tissue processing. further, existing approaches focus on registering unimodal volumetric data; however, given the increasing interest in the marmoset model for neuroscience research and the importance ...202032406083
common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) cannot recognize global configurations of sound patterns but can recognize adjacent relations of sounds.processing the temporal configuration of discrete sounds to extract a regular pattern is fundamental to humans' faculties of perceiving words and musical phrases. to investigate such auditory pattern perception in monkeys, i trained two common marmosets to discriminate between ab-ab and aa-bb patterns under two training paradigms. one was an absolute discrimination task, in which the discrimination between these stimuli without reference cues was required. the other was a relative discrimination ...202032404248
trait anxiety mediated by amygdala serotonin transporter in the common marmoset.high trait anxiety is associated with altered activity across emotion regulation circuitry and a higher risk of developing anxiety disorders and depression. this circuitry is extensively modulated by serotonin. here, to understand why some people may be more vulnerable to developing affective disorders, we investigated whether serotonin-related gene expression across the brain's emotion regulation circuitry may underlie individual differences in trait anxiety using the common marmoset (callithri ...202032393533
[cloning and expression of recombinant truncated selx protein and evaluation on the related emetic activities].objective: to analyze the amino acid polymorphism of truncated staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxin x (tselx), and to evaluate its related emetic activities. methods: sequence of tselx was compared with both the genome sequence of 145 cc398 strains completed in our research group and the ncbi database. primers were designed to amplify the target gene of tselx, and the fragment was recombined into pmd18-t vector and sequenced. pcr product was digested with bamhⅰ and ecorⅰ, and constructed into p ...202032392920
comparative assessment of behaviorally derived personality structures in golden-handed tamarins (saguinus midas), cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus), and common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).one way to address questions about the origins and adaptive significance of personality dimensions is by comparing the personality structures of closely related species that differ in their socioecological circumstances. for the present study, we compared the personalities of captive golden-handed tamarins (saguinus midas; n = 28), cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus; n = 20), and common marmosets (callithrix jacchus; n = 17). all 3 species are new world monkeys of the family callitrichidae. t ...202032391706
common marmoset as a model primate for study of the motor control system.the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a new world monkey, is emerging as a promising animal model for biomedical and neuroscience research. this species shares its basic brain architecture, including the organization of the motor cortical areas and the connections between these and other areas, with humans and other primates. its small and lissencephalic cerebral cortex is suitable for the application of modern biological techniques. optogenetic stimulation of the motor cortex induces foreli ...202032389894
wild common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) employ spatial cognitive abilities to improve their food search and consumption: an experimental approach in small-scale space.the ability of an animal to integrate and retain spatial information of resources often depends on the spatial memory and the speed at which this memory crystallizes. these become especially important once foragers reach their target area. however, very little is known about how wild common marmosets encode spatial information when feeding rewards are near to each other in a small-scale space. with this in mind, we performed field experiments to test foraging decisions related to a small-scale s ...202032383127
marmoset viral hepatic inflammation induced by hepatitis c virus core protein via il-32.common marmosets infected with gb virus-b (gbv-b) chimeras containing hepatitis c virus (hcv) core and envelope proteins (ce1e2p7) developed more severe hepatitis than those infected with hcv envelope proteins (e1e2p7), suggesting that hcv core protein might be involved in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis. the potential role of hcv core in hepatic inflammation was investigated. six individual cdna libraries of liver tissues from hcv ce1e2p7 or e1e2p7 chimera-infected marmosets (three animals ...202032373543
the nanozoomer artificial intelligence connectomics pipeline for tracer injection studies of the marmoset brain.we describe our connectomics pipeline for processing anterograde tracer injection data for the brain of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). brain sections were imaged using a batch slide scanner (nanozoomer 2.0-ht) and we used artificial intelligence to precisely segment the tracer signal from the background in the fluorescence images. the shape of each brain was reconstructed by reference to a block-face and all data were mapped into a common 3d brain space with atlas and 2d cortical flat ...202032367264
nocturnal foragers exploit tree exudates from holes gouged by diurnal common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus). 202032339405
the common marmoset as suitable nonhuman alternative for the analysis of primate cochlear development.cochlear development is a complex process with precise spatiotemporal patterns. a detailed understanding of this process is important for studies of congenital hearing loss and regenerative medicine. however, much of our understanding of cochlear development is based on rodent models. animal models that bridge the gap between humans and rodents are needed. in this study, we investigated the development of hearing organs in a small new world monkey species, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus ...202032323465
close-range vocal interaction in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).vocal communication in animals often involves taking turns vocalizing. in humans, turn-taking is a fundamental rule in conversation. among non-human primates, the common marmoset is known to engage in antiphonal calling using phee calls and trill calls. calls of the trill type are the most common, yet difficult to study, because they are not very loud and uttered in conditions when animals are in close proximity to one another. here we recorded trill calls in captive pair-housed marmosets using ...202032298305
draft genome sequences of novel campylobacter species isolated from nonhuman primates.campylobacter species are being increasingly isolated and associated with disease in humans and animals. here, we describe four draft genome sequences of campylobacter species from nonhuman primates. these include campylobacter troglodytis, isolated from wild chimpanzees, and two likely new campylobacter species isolated from a lemur, common marmoset, and cotton-top tamarin.202032273357
evaluation of vitamin d3 metabolites in callithrix jacchus (common marmoset).vitamin d3 (cholecalciferol) is endogenously produced in the skin of primates when exposed to the appropriate wavelengths of ultraviolet light (uv-b). common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) maintained indoors require dietary provision of vitamin d3 due to lack of sunlight exposure. the minimum dietary vitamin d3 requirement and the maximum amount of vitamin d3 that can be metabolized by marmosets is unknown. observations of metabolic bone disease and gastrointestinal malabsorption have led to wid ...202032270886
spatial organization of occipital white matter tracts in the common marmoset.the primate brain contains a large number of interconnected visual areas, whose spatial organization and intracortical projections show a high level of conservation across species. one fiber pathway of recent interest is the vertical occipital fasciculus (vof), which is thought to support communication between dorsal and ventral visual areas in the occipital lobe. a recent comparative diffusion mri (dmri) study reported that the vof in the macaque brain bears a similar topology to that of the hu ...202032253509
antiparkinsonian effects of a metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 agonist in mptp-treated marmosets.increased firing across glutamatergic synapses may contribute to both the motor dysfunction and l-dopa-induced dyskinesia seen in parkinson's disease. given their ability to reduce glutamate release, activation of group iii metabotropic glutamate receptors such as metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 may prove effective against both motor dysfunction and dyskinesia in parkinson's disease.202032250315
a reproducible new model of focal ischemic injury in the marmoset monkey: mri and behavioural follow-up.ischemic stroke mostly affects the primary motor cortex and descending motor fibres, with consequent motor impairment. pre-clinical models of stroke with reproducible and long-lasting sensorimotor deficits in higher-order animals are lacking. we describe a new method to induce focal brain damage targeting the motor cortex to study damage to the descending motor tracts in the non-human primate. stereotaxic injection of malonate into the primary motor cortex produced a focal lesion in middle-aged ...202032249405
the aging common marmoset's immune system: from junior to senior.the social, health, and economic challenges of a steadily increasing aging population demand the use of appropriate translational animal models to address questions like healthy aging, vaccination strategies, or potential interventions during the aging process. due to their genetic proximity to humans, especially nonhuman primates (nhps) with a relatively short generation period compared to humans, qualify as excellent animal models for these purposes. the use of common marmosets (callithrix jac ...202032246726
an improved de novo genome assembly of the common marmoset genome yields improved contiguity and increased mapping rates of sequence data.the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is one of the most studied primate model organisms. however, the marmoset genomes available in the public databases are highly fragmented and filled with sequence gaps, hindering research advances related to marmoset genomics and transcriptomics.202032241258
not all fine-branch locomotion is equal: grasping morphology determines locomotor performance on narrow supports.fine-branch models have long played a central role in primate evolutionary research. nevertheless, recent studies of positional behavior in nonprimate arboreal mammals have challenged the idea that synapomorphic primate features, such as grasping extremities, uniquely facilitated access to the fine-branch zone. we test the alternative hypothesis that grasping extremities specifically improve locomotor performance in a fine-branch environment by examining how support diameter influences locomotor ...202032240883
the initial maturation status of marmoset testicular tissues has an impact on germ cell maintenance and somatic cell response in tissue fragment culture.successful in vitro spermatogenesis was reported using immature mouse testicular tissues in a fragment culture approach, raising hopes that this method could also be applied for fertility preservation in humans. although maintaining immature human testicular tissue fragments in culture is feasible for an extended period, it remains unknown whether germ cell survival and the somatic cell response depend on the differentiation status of tissue. employing the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus), w ...202032236422
non-human primate models of dengue virus infection: a comparison of viremia levels and antibody responses during primary and secondary infection among old world and new world monkeys.due to the global burden of dengue disease, a vaccine is urgently needed. one of the key points in vaccine development is the development of a robust and reliable animal model of dengue virus infection. characteristics including the ability to sustain viral replication, demonstration of clinical signs, and immune response that resemble those of human dengue virus infection are vital in animal models. preclinical studies in vaccine development usually include parameters such as safety evaluation, ...202032230836
avoidant coping style to high imminence threat is linked to higher anxiety-like behavior.human studies with self-reported measures have suggested a link between an avoidant coping style and high anxiety. here, using the common marmoset as a model, we characterize the latent factors underlying behavioral responses of these monkeys towards low and high imminence threat and investigate if a predominantly avoidant behavioral response to high imminence threat is associated with greater anxiety-like behavior in a context of low imminence threat. exploratory factor analysis (efa) of the hu ...202032218725
sex bias in gut microbiome transmission in newly paired marmosets (callithrix jacchus).social behavior can alter the microbiome composition via transmission among social partners, but there have been few controlled experimental studies of gut microbiome transmission among social partners in primates. we collected longitudinal fecal samples from eight unrelated male-female pairs of marmoset monkeys prior to pairing and for 8 weeks following pairing. we then sequenced 16s rrna to characterize the changes in the gut microbiome that resulted from the pairing. marmoset pairs had a high ...202032209720
human pzp and common marmoset a2ml1 as pregnancy related proteins.while pregnancy-related proteins (prp) are known to contribute to immunotolerance during pregnancy, their significance to development of invasive placenta is unclear. we compared prp expression in humans and the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a new-world monkey. invasive placenta was observed at the maternal-foetal interface of marmoset placenta from green fluorescent protein (gfp)-expressing foetus and wild type mother. the pregnancy zone protein (pzp) and alpha-2 macroglobulin-like 1 (a ...202032198464
primed to naive-like conversion of the common marmoset embryonic stem cells.mammalian pluripotent stem cells are thought to exist in two states: naive and primed. generally, unlike those in rodents, pluripotent stem cells in primates, including humans, are regarded as being in the primed pluripotent state. recently, several groups reported the existence of naive pluripotent stem cells in humans. in this study, we report the conversion of primed state embryonic stem cells from common marmoset, a new world monkey, to the naive state using transgenes. the cells showed typi ...202032188344
compensatory mechanisms affect sensorimotor integration during ongoing vocal motor acts in marmoset monkeys.any transmission of vocal signals faces the challenge of acoustic interferences such as heavy rain, wind, animal or urban sounds. consequently, several mechanisms and strategies have evolved to optimize signal-to-noise ratio. examples to increase detectability are the lombard effect, an involuntary rise in call amplitude in response to masking ambient noise, which is often associated with other vocal changes such as call frequency and duration, as well as the animals' capability of limiting call ...202032170972
generation of a male common marmoset embryonic stem cell line dsy127-bv8vt1 carrying double reporters specific for the germ cell linage using the crispr-cas9 and piggybac transposase systems.blimp1 (prdm1) and vasa (ddx4) play pivotal roles in the development of the germ cell linage. importantly, these genes are specifically expressed in germ cells; blimp1 in primordial germ cells (pgcs) to early-stage gonocytes, and vasa in migration-stage pgcs to mature gametes. the high reproductive efficiency of common marmosets (marmosets; callithrix jacchus) makes them advantageous for use in germ cell research. we herein report the generation of a male marmoset embryonic stem cell (esc) line ...202032151954
a platform for semiautomated voluntary training of common marmosets for behavioral neuroscience.generally behavioral neuroscience studies of the common marmoset employ adaptations of well-established training methods used with macaque monkeys. however, in many cases these approaches do not readily generalize to marmosets indicating a need for alternatives. here we present the development of one such alternate: a platform for semiautomated, voluntary in-home cage behavioral training that allows for the study of naturalistic behaviors. we describe the design and production of a modular behav ...202032130092
novel gastrointestinal disease in common marmosets characterised by duodenal dilation: a clinical and pathological study.common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) are frequently used for biomedical research but gastrointestinal diseases have been major health problems to maintain captive marmosets. we have diagnosed a novel gastrointestinal disease in marmosets, as which we propose to call 'marmoset duodenal dilation syndrome'; this disease is characterised by proximal duodenal obstruction and dilation. this study aimed to reveal the clinical and pathological findings of this syndrome and establish appropriate diagnos ...202032123196
kainic acid-induced seizures in the common marmoset.treatment of epilepsy remains difficult because patients suffer from pharmacoresistant forms of the disease and drug side-effects. thus, there is an urgent need to identify not only new antiepileptic drug candidates but also novel epileptic animal models. here, we characterize seizures induced with kainic acid (ka) in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). adult marmosets received 0.1, 1, or 10 mg/kg of ka subcutaneously. all animals exhibited early convulsive behavior (seizure scores of i an ...202032115153
dynamic changes in the neurogenic potential in the ventricular-subventricular zone of common marmoset during postnatal brain development.even after birth, neuronal production continues in the ventricular-subventricular zone (v-svz) and hippocampus in many mammals. the immature new neurons ("neuroblasts") migrate and then mature at their final destination. in humans, neuroblast production and migration toward the neocortex and the olfactory bulb (ob) occur actively only for a few months after birth and then sharply decline with age. however, the precise spatiotemporal profiles and fates of postnatally born neurons remain unclear d ...202032108222
marmoset prosociality is intentional.marmoset monkeys show high levels of proactive prosociality, a trait shared with humans, presumably because both species rely on allomaternal care. however, it is not clear whether the proximate regulation of this convergent trait is also similar, in particular with regard to intentionality, which is a defining characteristic of prosocial behavior in the human literature. the aim of this paper was to investigate whether marmoset monkeys' prosociality fulfils the criteria of intentionality develo ...202032107657
hepatic differentiation of marmoset embryonic stem cells and functional characterization of esc-derived hepatocyte-like cells.primary human hepatocytes (phhs) are the ideal candidates for studying critical liver functions such as drug metabolism and toxicity. however, as they are isolated from discarded livers that are unsuitable for transplantation, they possess limited expansion ability invitro and their enzymatic functions deteriorate rapidly because they are often of poor quality. therefore, there is a compelling reason to find reliable alternative sources of hepatocytes.202032104112
in vitro crispr/cas9-directed gene editing to model lrrk2 g2019s parkinson's disease in common marmosets.leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (lrrk2) g2019s is a relatively common mutation, associated with 1-3% of parkinson's disease (pd) cases worldwide. g2019s is hypothesized to increase lrrk2 kinase activity. dopaminergic neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells of pd patients carrying lrrk2 g2019s are reported to have several phenotypes compared to wild type controls, including increased activated caspase-3 and reactive oxygen species (ros), autophagy dysfunction, and simplification of neuri ...202032103062
presence of the annular ridge and location of the coronary sinus ostium as morphological features ofthe right atrium and interatrial septum in healthy common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).to effectively use a common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) as an experimental animal species, it is critical to establish a normal characteristics and morphology of the organs of the common marmoset. although gross morphology of the common marmoset heart is reportedly the same as that of humans, little information is available regarding detailed morphology of the right atrium and the interatrial septum. heart specimens were collected from three male and 10 female marmosets aged 9 to 65 months to ...202032074546
the role of adaptation in generating monotonic rate codes in auditory cortex.in primary auditory cortex, slowly repeated acoustic events are represented temporally by the stimulus-locked activity of single neurons. single-unit studies in awake marmosets (callithrix jacchus) have shown that a sub-population of these neurons also monotonically increase or decrease their average discharge rate during stimulus presentation for higher repetition rates. building on a computational single-neuron model that generates stimulus-locked responses with stimulus evoked excitation foll ...202032069272
rapid head movements in common marmoset monkeys.gaze shifts, the directing of the eyes to an approaching predator, preferred food source, or potential mate, have universal biological significance for the survival of a species. our knowledge of gaze behavior is based primarily on visually triggered responses, whereas head orientation triggered by auditory stimuli remains poorly characterized. common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a diurnal, small-bodied (∼350 g), new world monkey species, known for its rich behavioral repertoires during soci ...202032058952
a high infectious simian adenovirus type 23 vector based vaccine efficiently protects common marmosets against zika virus infection.zika virus (zikv) has spread in many countries or territories causing severe neurologic complications with potential fatal outcomes. the small primate common marmosets are susceptible to zikv, mimicking key features of human infection. here, a novel simian adenovirus type 23 vector-based vaccine expressing zikv pre-membrane-envelope proteins (sad23l-prm-e) was produced in high infectious titer. due to determination of immunogenicity in mice, a single-dose of 3×108 pfu sad23l-prm-e vaccine was in ...202032049958
systematic characterization of glutathione s-transferases in common marmosets.the common marmoset is an important primate species used in drug metabolism studies. however, glutathione s-transferases (gsts), essential drug-metabolizing enzymes involved in the conjugation of various endogenous and exogenous substrates, have not been identified or characterized in this species. in this study, 20 gsts [including 3 microsomal gsts (mgsts)] were identified and characterized in marmosets. marmoset gsts had amino acid sequences highly identical (86-99%) to human gsts, except for ...202032027883
identification and characterization of erv-w-like sequences in platyrrhini species provides new insights into the evolutionary history of erv-w in primates.endogenous retroviruses (ervs) constitute approximately 8% of every human genome and are relics of ancestral infections that affected the germ line cells. the erv-w group contributed to primate physiology by providing an envelope protein (syncytin-1) that has been adopted for placenta development in hominoids. expression of human erv-w (herv-w) sequences is investigated for a pathological role in various human diseases.202032021657
maternal weight affects placental dna methylation of genes involved in metabolic pathways in the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus).accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulation of placental dna methylation (dnam) is a mechanism linking maternal weight during pregnancy to metabolic programming outcomes. the common marmoset, callithrix jaccus, is a platyrrhine primate species that has provided much insight into studies of the primate placenta, maternal condition, and metabolic programming, yet the relationships between maternal weight and placental dnam are unknown. here, we report genome-wide dnam from term marmoset plac ...202032020652
heart anatomy and topography of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus linnaeus, 1758).the morphological study of wild animals serves as a base for more advanced studies in clinical medicine, surgery, and pathology. due to an urgent need and demand for professionals specialized in this area, studies of this nature have become indispensable and so the objective of the present study was to describe the heart morphology of callithrix jacchus.202032020628
selective metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 positive allosteric modulation alleviates l-dopa-induced psychosis-like behaviours and dyskinesia in the mptp-lesioned marmoset.psychosis and dyskinesia significantly diminish the quality of life of patients with advanced parkinson's disease (pd). available treatment options are unfortunately few and their use is limited by adverse effects. we have recently shown that activation of metabotropic glutamate 2 and 3 (mglu2/3) receptors produced significant relief of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa)-induced psychosis-like behaviours (plbs) and dyskinesia in experimental models of pd. here, using the highly-selective mglu ...202032004527
cloning and tissue expression of cytochrome p450 2s1, 4v2, 7a1, 7b1, 8b1, 24a1, 26a1, 26c1, 27a1, 39a1, and 51a1 in marmosets.common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is an attractive animal model primate species for potential use in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies. in this study, marmoset cytochrome p450 (p450) 2s1, 4v2, 7a1, 7b1, 8b1, 24a1, 26a1, 26c1, 27a1, 39a1, and 51a1 cdnas were isolated from marmoset tissues (brains, lungs, livers, kidneys, and jejunums). deduced amino acid sequences (89-98% homologous) of the marmoset p450 gene suggested similarity of molecular characteristics of marmoset p450s to huma ...202031980379
effect of 'in air' freezing on post-thaw recovery of callithrix jacchus mesenchymal stromal cells and properties of 3d collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffolds.through enabling an efficient supply of cells and tissues in the health sector on demand, cryopreservation is increasingly becoming one of the mainstream technologies in rapid translation and commercialization of regenerative medicine research. cryopreservation of tissue-engineered constructs (tecs) is an emerging trend that requires the development of practically competitive biobanking technologies. in our previous studies, we demonstrated that conventional slow-freezing using dimethyl sulfoxid ...202031972153
single-unit activity in marmoset posterior parietal cortex in a gap saccade task.abnormal saccadic eye movements can serve as biomarkers for patients with several neuropsychiatric disorders. the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is becoming increasingly popular as a nonhuman primate model to investigate the cortical mechanisms of saccadic control. recently, our group demonstrated that microstimulation in the posterior parietal cortex (ppc) of marmosets elicits contralateral saccades. here we recorded single-unit activity in the ppc of the same two marmosets using chronic ...202031967927
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