Publications

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fiddler crabs (uca spp.) as model hosts for laboratory infections of hematodinium perezi.the parasitic dinoflagellate, hematodinium perezi, negatively impacts the commercially important blue crab, callinectes sapidus. the parasite is a host generalist, but it has not been reported from littoral fiddler crabs living within a few meters of habitat known to harbor infected blue crabs. in the first study, populations of three species of fiddler crab were screened for natural infections. the infection status of field-collected and lab-inoculated crabs was determined by screening fresh he ...201727836683
pop levels in blue crab (callinectes sapidus) and edible fish from the eastern mediterranean coast.organochlorinated pesticides and aroclors were measured in the muscle of two edible fish species (gray mullet, sea bream) and blue crab, collected from eastern mediterranean coast in 2013. the concentration of organochlorinated pesticides (ocps) and aroclors in biota samples which were collected at six sites ranged from 1.0-8.6 and 9-47.5 ng g(-1) wet weight, respectively. total ddt concentrations in seafood samples were compared to tolerance level established by the us food and drug administrat ...201727734310
non-native parasite enhances susceptibility of host to native predators.parasites often alter host physiology and behavior, which can enhance predation risk for infected hosts. higher consumption of parasitized prey can in turn lead to a less parasitized prey population (the healthy herd hypothesis). loxothylacus panopaei is a non-native castrating barnacle parasite on the mud crab eurypanopeus depressus along the atlantic coast. through prey choice mesocosm experiments and a field tethering experiment, we investigated whether the predatory crab callinectes sapidus ...201727942863
sublethal toxicity of crude oil exposure in the blue crab, callinectes sapidus, at two life history stages.the 2010 deepwater horizon oil spill occurred during peak spawning season for many gulf of mexico fish and invertebrates. early life stages of important fishery species were at risk to encounter crude oil. in this study, we investigated the effect of crude oil exposure on two life stages of the blue crab (callinectes sapidus). we tested the effects of oil exposure on the survival and growth of larval (pelagic) and juvenile (estuarine) blue crabs as well as the effects of oil on the molt frequenc ...201727942769
the effects of fipronil and the photodegradation product fipronil desulfinyl on growth and gene expression in juvenile blue crabs, callinectes sapidus, at different salinities.endocrine disrupting compounds (edcs) are now widely established to be present in the environment at concentrations capable of affecting wild organisms. although many studies have been conducted in fish, less is known about effects in invertebrates such as decapod crustaceans. decapods are exposed to low concentrations of edcs that may cause infertility, decreased growth, and developmental abnormalities. the objective herein was to evaluate effects of fipronil and its photodegradation product fi ...201728282622
predatory blue crabs induce stronger nonconsumptive effects in eastern oysters crassostrea virginica than scavenging blue crabs.by influencing critical prey traits such as foraging or habitat selection, predators can affect entire ecosystems, but the nature of cues that trigger prey reactions to predators are not well understood. predators may scavenge to supplement their energetic needs and scavenging frequency may vary among individuals within a species due to preferences and prey availability. yet prey reactions to consumers that are primarily scavengers versus those that are active foragers have not been investigated ...201728265512
the effects of acute copper and ammonia challenges on ammonia and urea excretion by the blue crab callinectes sapidus.copper (cu) is a persistent environmental contaminant that elicits several physiological disturbances in aquatic organisms, including a disruption in ammonia regulation. we hypothesized that exposure to cu in a model crustacean (blue crab, callinectes sapidus) acclimated to brackish water (2 ppt) would lead to hyperammonemia by stimulating an increase in ammonia production and/or by inhibiting ammonia excretion. we further hypothesized that urea production would represent an ammonia detoxificati ...201728260151
the atlantic blue crab callinectes sapidus in southern european coastal waters: distribution, impact and prospective invasion management strategies.the native distribution of the blue crab callinectes sapidus in the western atlantic extends from nova scotia to argentina. introduced to europe at the beginning of the 20th century, it is currently recorded almost ubiquitously in the mediterranean and in the black sea. an overview of the occurrence, abundance, and ecological impact of the species in southern european waters is provided; additionally, we present a pragmatic assessment of its management scenarios, explicitly considering the dual ...201728242280
production and characterization of films based on blends of chitosan from blue crab (callinectes sapidus) waste and pectin from orange (citrus sinensis osbeck) peel.the objective of this study was to develop and characterize films based on blends of chitosan and pectin, produced in laboratory scale, from industrial wastes. the chitosan was obtained by termoalcaline deacetylation of chitin, extracted from blue crab (callinectes sapidus) waste and characterized according to degree of deacetylation (dd) and viscosimetric molecular weight (mw); and pectin was extracted by conventional heating, from orange (citrus sinensis osbeck) peel and characterized accordin ...201728189792
three-dimensional interstitial space mediates predator foraging success in different spatial arrangements.identifying and quantifying the relevant properties of habitat structure that mediate predator-prey interactions remains a persistent challenge. most previous studies investigate effects of structural density on trophic interactions and typically quantify refuge quality using one or two-dimensional metrics. few consider spatial arrangement of components (i.e., orientation and shape) and often neglect to measure the total three-dimensional (3d) space available as refuge. this study tests whether ...201728144935
habitat fragmentation differentially affects trophic levels and alters behavior in a multi-trophic marine system.seagrass, an important subtidal marine ecosystem, is being lost at a rate of 110 km(2) year(-1), leading to fragmented seagrass seascapes. habitat fragmentation is predicted to affect trophic levels differently, with higher trophic levels being more sensitive, stressing the importance of a multi-trophic perspective. utilizing the trophic relationship between the blue crab (callinectes sapidus) and hard clam (mercenaria mercenaria), where adult blue crabs prey on juvenile blue crabs, and juvenile ...201728000022
disease ecology of hematodinium perezi in a high salinity estuary: investigating seasonal trends in environmental detection.the blue crab callinectes sapidus has seen a general decline in population levels. one factor influencing mortality is infections by hematodinium perezi, a dinoflagellate parasite. a 2 yr study was conducted in 2014 and 2015 to monitor h. perezi dna within the maryland (usa) coastal bays, comparing seasonal cycles in the abundance of parasite dna in environmental samples to parasite presence in host blue crabs. a late summer to early fall peak in h. perezi infections in blue crabs was observed, ...201728492173
hematodinium spp. infections in wild and cultured populations of marine crustaceans along the coast of china.the parasitic dinoflagellate hematodinium spp. infects a broad range of marine crustaceans. its epidemics have impacted wild populations of various commercial fishery species around the world and the sustainability of mariculture in china. to study the epidemiology of hematodinium spp. in marine crustaceans along the coast of china, we conducted a broad survey of wild and cultured stocks of major crustacean species in 2013 to 2015. hematodinium sp. infections were identified in wild stocks of po ...201728492174
species-specific crab predation on the hydrozoan clinging jellyfish gonionemus sp. (cnidaria, hydrozoa), subsequent crab mortality, and possible ecological consequences.here we report a unique trophic interaction between the cryptogenic and sometimes highly toxic hydrozoan clinging jellyfish gonionemus sp. and the spider crab libinia dubia. we assessed species-specific predation on the gonionemus medusae by crabs found in eelgrass meadows in massachusetts, usa. the native spider crab species l. dubia consumed gonionemus medusae, often enthusiastically, but the invasive green crab carcinus maenus avoided consumption in all trials. one out of two blue crabs (call ...201729085761
a tale of two antennules: the performance of crab odour-capture organs in air and water.odour capture is an important part of olfaction, where dissolved chemical cues (odours) are brought into contact with chemosensory structures. antennule flicking by marine crabs is an example of discrete odour capture (sniffing) where an array of chemosensory hairs is waved through the water to create a flow-no flow pattern based on a narrow range of speeds, diameters of and spacings between hairs. changing the speed of movement and spacing of hairs at this scale to manipulate flow represents a ...201627974576
pcr-based prevalence of a fatal reovirus of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus (rathbun) along the northern atlantic coast of the usa.there is a need for more information on the relationship between diseases and fluctuations of wild populations of marine animals. in the case of callinectes sapidus reovirus 1 (csrv1, also known as rlv), there is a lack of baseline information on range, prevalence and outbreaks, from which to develop an understanding of population-level impacts. an rt-qpcr assay was developed that is capable of detecting 10 copies of the csrv1 genome. in collaboration with state, federal and academic partners, b ...201626249243
(1)h nmr metabolomic profiling of the blue crab (callinectes sapidus) from the adriatic sea (se italy): a comparison with warty crab (eriphia verrucosa), and edible crab (cancer pagurus).the metabolomic profile of blue crab (callinectes sapidus) captured in the acquatina lagoon (se italy) was compared to an autochthonous (eriphia verrucosa) and to a commercial crab species (cancer pagurus). both lipid and aqueous extracts of raw claw muscle were analyzed by (1)h nmr spectroscopy and mva (multivariate data analysis). aqueous extracts were characterized by a higher inter-specific discriminating power compared to lipid fractions. specifically, higher levels of glutamate, alanine an ...201626593533
preliminary results of mercury levels in raw and cooked seafood and their public health impact.mercury is toxic for human health and one of the main routes of exposure is through consumption of contaminated fish and shellfish. the objective of this work was to assess the possible mercury contamination of bivalves (anomalocardia brasiliana, lucina pectinata, callinectes sapidus), crustacean (c. sapidus) and fish (bagre marinus and diapterus rhombeus) collected on salinas da margarida, ba (brazil), a region which carciniculture, fishing and shellfish extraction are the most important econom ...201626304418
effects of hypoxia and hypercapnic hypoxia on oxygen transport and acid-base status in the atlantic blue crab, callinectes sapidus, during exercise.the responses of estuarine invertebrates to hypoxic conditions are well established. however, many studies have investigated hypoxia as an isolated condition despite its frequent co-occurrence with hypercapnia (elevated co2 ). although many studies suggest deleterious effects, hypercapnia has been observed to improve blue crab walking performance in hypoxia. to investigate the physiological effects of combined hypercapnic hypoxia, we measured po2 , ph, [l-lactate], pco2 , and total o2 in pre- an ...201627901314
does a blue crab putative insulin-like peptide binding protein (ilpbp) play a role in a virus infection?insulin-like peptides (ilps) have regulatory roles in reproduction, development and metabolism in invertebrates. the mode of ilp actions has not been well studied in invertebrates in regard to the role of binding partners, i.e., ilp binding protein (ilpbp). in this study, the full-length cdna of callinectes sapidus ilpbp (cas-ilpbp, 960 bp) has been isolated using race cloning, having short 5' and 3' utrs of 30 and 162 bp, respectively. the predicted precursor of cas-ilpbp (255 aa) contains, in ...201627664575
characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of portunus pelagicus with implications for phylogenomics.this study determined the mitochondrial genome structure of the blue swimming crab (portunus pelagicus), and elucidated its phylogenetic relationships among the species within the order decapoda. the complete mitochondrial genome was 16,155 bp long, and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rna genes, 2 ribosomal rna genes, and 1 dna control region. the gene order of the genome was the same as that found within the family portunidae. twenty-three genes were on the heavy strand and 14 we ...201627706563
you are what you eat: a metabolomics approach to understanding prey responses to diet-dependent chemical cues released by predators.prey responses to predator cues are graded in intensity in accordance with the degree of threat presented by the predator. in systems in which prey gather information on predators by using chemicals, prey often respond more to the odor of predators that have consumed conspecifics, as opposed to heterospecifics. we investigated the response of a prey species, the mud crab, panopeus herbstii, to urine of blue crab, callinectes sapidus, fed mud crabs or oysters. behavioral analysis was combined wit ...201627683309
silicification of the medial tooth in the blue crab callinectes sapidus.observations of cuticular structures mineralized with silica within the crustacea have been limited to the opal teeth of copepods, mandibles of amphipods, and recently the teeth of the gastric mill in the blue crab callinectes sapidus. copepod teeth are deposited during premolt, with sequential elaboration of organic materials followed by secretion of silica into the tooth mold. the timing of mineralization is in stark contrast to that of the general integument of crustaceans in which calcificat ...201627650814
comparative analysis of the proximate and elemental composition of the blue crab callinectes sapidus, the warty crab eriphia verrucosa, and the edible crab cancer pagurus.the proximate composition and element contents of claw muscle tissue of atlantic blue crabs (callinectes sapidus) were compared with the native warty crab (eriphia verrucosa) and the commercially edible crab (cancer pagurus). the scope of the analysis was to profile the chemical characteristics and nutritive value of the three crab species. elemental fingerprints showed significant inter-specific differences, whereas non-significant variations in the moisture and ash contents were observed. in t ...201627441254
impact of molt-disrupting bde-47 on epidermal ecdysteroid signaling in the blue crab, callinectes sapidus, in vitro.polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) are environmentally pervasive flame retardants that have been linked with endocrine disruption in a variety of organisms. bde-47, one of the most prevalent congeners found in aquatic environments, has recently been shown to inhibit crustacean molting, but little is known about the specific mechanism through which molt-inhibition occurs. this study examined whether the inhibitory effect on molting arises from the disruption of hormone signaling in the epider ...201627376961
salinity-induced changes in gene expression from anterior and posterior gills of callinectes sapidus (crustacea: portunidae) with implications for crustacean ecological genomics.decapods represent one of the most ecologically diverse taxonomic groups within crustaceans, making them ideal to study physiological processes like osmoregulation. however, prior studies have failed to consider the entire transcriptomic response of the gill - the primary organ responsible for ion transport - to changing salinity. moreover, the molecular genetic differences between non-osmoregulatory and osmoregulatory gill types, as well as the hormonal basis of osmoregulation, remain underexpl ...201627337176
detailed spectroscopic study of the role of br and sr in coloured parts of the callinectes sapidus crab claw.the exoskeleton of crustaceans consists mainly of calcium carbonate (caco3) minerals and in many cases exhibits vivid colouration due to the presence of proteins rich in carotenoid chromophores. the exposure of aquatic animals in sea water results often in the incorporation of trace elements in their exoskeleton. the bonding configuration of br and sr trace elements in regions with different staining (white, orange and blue) of the exoskeleton of the callinectes sapidus in crab claw are systemat ...201627183904
the molting biomarker metabolite n-acetylglucosamino-1,5-lactone in female urine of the helmet crab telmessus cheiragonus.n-acetylglucosamino-1,5-lactone (nagl) is a molting biomarker in the blue crab callinectes sapidus the concentration of this compound in urine is highest at the premolt stage. since sexually mature premolt females release sex pheromone in their urine, nagl is a candidate sex pheromone molecule in c. sapidus this compound has not been reported in other species. in the present study, we quantified the concentration of nagl in the urine of the helmet crab telmessus cheiragonus, using nuclear magnet ...201627132136
predator-prey interactions mediated by prey personality and predator hunting mode.predator-prey interactions are important drivers in structuring ecological communities. however, despite widespread acknowledgement that individual behaviours and predator species regulate ecological processes, studies have yet to incorporate individual behavioural variations in a multipredator system. we quantified a prevalent predator avoidance behaviour to examine the simultaneous roles of prey personality and predator hunting mode in governing predator-prey interactions. mud crabs, panopeus ...201627075257
high connectivity among blue crab (callinectes sapidus) populations in the western south atlantic.population connectivity in the blue crab callinectes sapidus was evaluated along 740 km of the western south atlantic coast. blue crabs are the most exploited portunid in brazil. despite their economic importance, few studies report their ecology or population structure. here we sampled four estuarine areas in southern brazil during winter 2013 and summer 2014 in order to evaluate diversity, gene flow and structure of these populations. nine microsatellite markers were evaluated for 213 adult cr ...201627064977
epidermal carbonic anhydrase activity and exoskeletal metal content during the molting cycle of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus.during the crustacean molting cycle, the exoskeleton is first mineralized in postmolt and intermolt and then presumably demineralized in premolt in order for epidermal retraction to occur. the mineralization process calls for divalent metal ions, such as ca(2+) and mg(2+) , and bicarbonate ions whereas protons are necessary for dissolution of carbonate salts. carbonic anhydrase (ca) has been suggested to be involved in exoskeletal mineralization by providing bicarbonate ions through catalyzing t ...201626935248
genome sequence analysis of csrv1: a pathogenic reovirus that infects the blue crab callinectes sapidus across its trans-hemispheric range.the blue crab, callinectes sapidus rathbun, 1896, which is a commercially important trophic link in coastal ecosystems of the western atlantic, is infected in both north and south america by c. sapidus reovirus 1 (csrv1), a double stranded rna virus. the 12 genome segments of a north american strain of csrv1 were sequenced using ion torrent technology. putative functions could be assigned for 3 of the 13 proteins encoded in the genome, based on their similarity to proteins encoded in other reovi ...201626904003
chemical tools of octopus maya during crab predation are also active on conspecifics.octopus maya is a major socio-economic resource from the yucatán peninsula in mexico. in this study we report for the first time the chemical composition of the saliva of o. maya and its effect on natural prey, i.e. the blue crab (callinectes sapidus), the crown conch snail (melongena corona bispinosa), as well as conspecifics. salivary posterior glands were collected from octopus caught by local fishers and extracted with water; this extract paralyzed and predigested crabs when it was injected ...201626895025
the dilemma of derelict gear.every year, millions of pots and traps are lost in crustacean fisheries around the world. derelict fishing gear has been found to produce several harmful environmental and ecological effects, however socioeconomic consequences have been investigated less frequently. we analyze the economic effects of a substantial derelict pot removal program in the largest estuary of the united states, the chesapeake bay. by combining spatially resolved data on derelict pot removals with commercial blue crab (c ...201626790394
the influence of diet composition on fitness of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus.the physiological condition and fecundity of an organism is frequently controlled by diet. as changes in environmental conditions often cause organisms to alter their foraging behavior, a comprehensive understanding of how diet influences the fitness of an individual is central to predicting the effect of environmental change on population dynamics. we experimentally manipulated the diet of the economically and ecologically important blue crab, callinectes sapidus, to approximate the effects of ...201626784581
mercury contamination in some marine biota species from khuzestan shore, persian gulf.in this study, concentrations of mercury (hg) were analyzed in some marine biota species (fish, shrimp, and crab) from khuzestan shore, north part of the persian gulf. it was also our intention to evaluate potential risks to human health associated with seafood consumption. the results indicated that concentrations of hg in the fish and crustacean were different among the species and tissues. liver in fish and hepatopancreas in crustacean exhibited higher hg concentration than the other tissues. ...201625500758
influence of a trematode parasite (microphallus turgidus) on grass shrimp ( palaemonetes pugio ) response to refuge and predator presence.the grass shrimp ( palaemonetes pugio ) is a staple prey species in the diet of many ecologically and economically important species such as blue crab and striped bass and is commonly infected with a trematode parasite, microphallus turgidus. to complete its life cycle, m. turgidus must be consumed as a metacercaria by a bird or mammal definitive host. previous research has found that infected grass shrimp behave more conspicuously than uninfected shrimp around predators, which include mummichog ...201627560362
molecular detection of the parasitic dinoflagellate hematodinium perezi from blue crabs callinectes sapidus in louisiana, usa.the dinoflagellate hematodinium perezi is a prolific pathogen of the blue crab callinectes sapidus along the atlantic and gulf of mexico coasts of north america. high prevalence, sometimes approaching 100%, and outbreaks with high mortality are associated with higher salinities. h. perezi has not been reported previously in blue crabs from louisiana, usa, where salinities in coastal habitats are generally below the parasite's favorable range. however, the possibility that h. perezi infects blue ...201627304873
overwintering of the parasitic dinoflagellate hematodinium perezi in dredged blue crabs (callinectes sapidus) from wachapreague creek, virginia.parasitic dinoflagellates in the genus hematodinium cause disease and mortality in several commercially important marine decapod crustaceans. one species, hematodinium perezi, occurs in blue crabs, callinectes sapidus, along the eastern seaboard and gulf coast of the usa. the parasite infects blue crabs, other decapods, and amphipods in the high salinity waters of coastal bays. epizootics of the parasite often reach prevalence levels of 75-80% during outbreaks with diseased crabs dying from the ...201526232044
prevalence and distribution of three protozoan symbionts in blue crab (callinectes sapidus) populations across louisiana, usa.louisiana has one of the largest blue crab (callinectes sapidus) fisheries in the usa, but little is known about blue crab diseases, parasites, and symbionts in this area. in 2013-2014, large juvenile and adult blue crabs were collected at 4 diverse sites to determine the prevalence of the protozoan symbionts associated with black gill disease (lagenophrys callinectes), buckshot crabs (urosporidium crescens), and bitter crab disease (hematodinium perezi). a high aggregate prevalence of l. callin ...201525958802
temperature correlates with annual changes in hematodinium perezi prevalence in blue crab callinectes sapidus in florida, usa.blue crabs callinectes sapidus were monitored biannually throughout florida, usa, for 2 yr using a highly sensitive, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) to determine the spatial and temporal changes in prevalence and intensity of hematodinium perezi infections during drought years. despite persistent drought conditions, h. perezi infections were not universally found. overall prevalence was 25.3% (95% ci: 22.8-28.1%) in 1066 crabs sampled from 6 locations (jacksonville, ormond beach, e ...201525850401
disease, parasite, and commensal prevalences for blue crab callinectes sapidus at shedding facilities in louisiana, usa.blue crab diseases, parasites, and commensals are not well studied in the gulf of mexico, and their prevalence rates have only been sporadically determined. commercial soft shell shedding facilities in louisiana experience high mortality rates of pre-molt crabs, and some of these deaths may be attributable to diseases or parasites. during the active shedding season in 2013, we determined the prevalence of shell disease, vibrio spp., lagenophrys callinectes, and hematodinium perezi at 4 commercia ...201525590771
effects of salinity on the accumulation of hemocyte aggregates and bacteria in the gills of callinectes sapidus, the atlantic blue crab, injected with vibrio campbellii.in addition to respiration and ion regulation, crustacean gills accumulate and eliminate injected particles, along with hemocyte aggregates that form in response to those particles. here we report that the dose of vibrio campbellii previously shown to induce a decrease in respiration and hemolymph flow across the gill in the atlantic blue crab, callinectes sapidus, also triggered the formation of aggregates containing four or more hemocytes in the gills, compared with saline-injected controls. m ...201525541183
the smell of success: the amount of prey consumed by predators determines the strength and range of cascading non-consumptive effects.we examined whether chemically mediated risk perception by prey and the effects of changes in prey behavior on basal resources vary as a function of the amount of prey biomass consumed by the predator. we studied these issues using a tritrophic system composed of blue crabs, callinectes sapidus (top predator), mud crabs panopeus herbstii (intermediate prey), and oysters crassostrea virginica (basal resource). working in a well characterized field environment where experiments preserve natural pa ...201526618090
evaluation of blue crab, callinectes sapidus, megalopal settlement and condition during the deepwater horizon oil spill.the blue crab, callinectes sapidus, is a commercially, culturally, and ecologically significant species in the gulf of mexico (gom), whose offshore stages were likely impacted by the deepwater horizon oil spill (dwh). to test for dwh effects and to better understand the planktonic ecology of this species, we monitored callinectes spp. megalopal settlement and condition at sites within and outside of the spill extent during and one year after the dwh. we tested for dwh effects by comparing 2010 s ...201526270970
factors affecting toxicity test endpoints in sensitive life stages of native gulf of mexico species.indigenous species are less commonly used in laboratory aquatic toxicity tests compared with standard test species due to (1) limited availability lack of requisite information necessary for their acclimation and maintenance under laboratory conditions and (2) lack of information on their sensitivity and the reproducibility of toxicity test results. as part of the natural resource damage assessment aquatic toxicity program in response to the deepwater horizon oil incident (2010), sensitive life ...201525563746
flexibility of crab chemosensory sensilla enables flicking antennules to sniff.the first step in smelling is capture of odorant molecules from the surrounding fluid. we used lateral flagella of olfactory antennules of crabs callinectes sapidus to study the physical process of odor capture by antennae bearing dense tufts of hair-like chemosensory sensilla (aesthetascs). fluid flow around and through aesthetasc arrays on dynamically scaled models of lateral flagella of c. sapidus was measured by particle image velocimetry to determine how antennules sample the surrounding wa ...201526504159
structure, molting, and mineralization of the dorsal ossicle complex in the gastric mill of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus.this study examined the mesocardiac and urocardiac ossicles in the gastric mill of the blue crab to describe its structure, mineralization, and dynamics throughout the molt cycle, and to assess its possible utility in age determination. morphologically, the mineralized ossicles are similar to the calcified dorsal carapace having a lamellate structure comprised of sheets of chitin/protein fibrils. staining with acridine orange showed the same arrangement of an epicuticle, exocuticle, and endocuti ...201526473637
turbidity interferes with foraging success of visual but not chemosensory predators.predation can significantly affect prey populations and communities, but predator effects can be attenuated when abiotic conditions interfere with foraging activities. in estuarine communities, turbidity can affect species richness and abundance and is changing in many areas because of coastal development. many fish species are less efficient foragers in turbid waters, and previous research revealed that in elevated turbidity, fish are less abundant whereas crabs and shrimp are more abundant. we ...201526401444
the involvement of hemocyte prophenoloxidase in the shell-hardening process of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus.cuticular structures of arthropods undergo dramatic molt-related changes from being soft to becoming hard. the shell-hardening process of decapod crustaceans includes sclerotization and mineralization. hemocyte ppo plays a central role in melanization and sclerotization particularly in wound healing in crustaceans. however, little is known about its role in the crustacean initial shell-hardening process. the earlier findings of the aggregation of heavily granulated hemocytes beneath the hypoderm ...201526393802
elevated water temperature increases the levels of reo-like virus and selected innate immunity genes in hemocytes and hepatopancreas of adult female blue crab, callinectes sapidus.seasonal changes in water temperature directly affect the aquatic ecosystem. the blue crab, callinectes sapidus, inhabiting the chesapeake bay has been adapted to seasonal changes of the environmental conditions. in this, the animals halt their physiological process of the growth and reproduction during colder months while they resume these processes as water temperatures increase. we aimed to understand the effect of the elevated temperatures on a disease progression of reo-like virus (csrlv) a ...201526384846
changes in ecdysteroid levels and expression patterns of ecdysteroid-responsive factors and neuropeptide hormones during the embryogenesis of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus.embryogenesis requires the involvement and coordination of multiple networks of various genes, according to a timeline governing development. crustacean embryogenesis usually includes the first molt, a process that is known to be positively controlled by ecdysteroids. we determined the amounts of ecdysteroids, as well as other related factors: the ecdysone receptor (casecr), the retinoid x receptor (casrxr), the molt-inhibiting hormone (casmih), and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (caschh) duri ...201525101839
photo-induced toxicity of deepwater horizon slick oil to blue crab (callinectes sapidus) larvae.the 2010 deepwater horizon oil spill resulted in the accidental release of approximately 700 million l of crude oil into the gulf of mexico. photo-induced toxicity after co-exposure to ultraviolet (uv) radiation is 1 mechanism by which polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) from oil spills may exert toxicity. blue crab are an important commercial and ecological resource in the gulf of mexico, and their largely transparent larvae may make them sensitive to pah photo-induced toxicity. the goal of ...201526198885
de novo assembly of a transcriptome from juvenile blue crabs (callinectes sapidus) following exposure to surrogate macondo crude oil.the blue crab, callinectes sapidus, is economically and ecologically important in western atlantic and gulf of mexico coastal estuaries. in 2010 blue crabs in the northern gulf of mexico were exposed to crude oil and chemical dispersants from the deepwater horizon oil spill. to characterize the blue crab transcriptome and identify genes that could be regulated in response to oil exposure we sequenced transcriptomes from hepatopancreas and gill tissues of juvenile blue crabs after exposing them t ...201526162747
ecdysteroids regulate the levels of molt-inhibiting hormone (mih) expression in the blue crab, callinectes sapidus.arthropod molt is coordinated through the interplay between ecdysteroids and neuropeptide hormones. in crustaceans, changes in the activity of y-organs during the molt cycle have been regulated by molt-inhibiting hormone (mih) and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh). little has been known of the mode of direct effects of ecdysteroids on the levels of mih and chh in the eyestalk ganglia during the molt cycle. this study focused on a putative feedback of ecdysteroids on the expression levels of ...201525849453
using flow-ecology relationships to evaluate ecosystem service trade-offs and complementarities in the nation's largest river swamp.large river systems are inextricably linked with social systems; consequently, management decisions must be made within a given ecological, social, and political framework that often defies objective, technical resolution. understanding flow-ecology relationships in rivers is necessary to assess potential impacts of management decisions, but translating complex flow-ecology relationships into stakeholder-relevant information remains a struggle. the concept of ecosystem services provides a bridge ...201525840699
histological description of gonadal development of females and males of callinectes sapidus rathbun, 1896 (decapoda: portunidae).this paper describes the characteristics of male and female germ cells during gonadal development and the gonadal maturity scale of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus. a total of 20 specimens were collected monthly from june to november 2012, in two areas off the coast of the gulf of mexico: the san andrés lagoon and alvarado lagoon. the gonads were removed and processed following the standard technique of hematoxylin and eosin staining. an important event in oogenesis (pre-vitellogenesis) was t ...201525826069
variations in prevalence of viral, bacterial, and rhizocephalan diseases and parasites of the blue crab (callinectes sapidus).prevalence of blue crab diseases and parasites has not been consistently monitored in the gulf of mexico. to establish current prevalence levels and to more fully understand population dynamics, commercial landing trends, and effects of future natural and anthropogenic disasters on animal health, we measured the prevalence of white spot syndrome virus (wssv), loxothylacus texanus, shell disease, and vibrio spp. in blue crabs collected from louisiana in 2013 and the beginning of 2014. we used pcr ...201525769514
blue crabs callinectes sapidus as potential biological reservoirs for white spot syndrome virus (wssv).white spot syndrome virus (wssv) is a virulent pathogen of cultured shrimp and was first detected in farms in south carolina (usa) in 1997 and subsequently in wild shrimp in 1999. we screened groups of 1808 wild atlantic white shrimp litopenaeus setiferus and 300 blue crabs callinectes sapidus collected from south carolina, georgia, and florida for the presence of wssv using the shrimple® immunoassay-strip test, with all positives and random subsets of negatives tested by taqman real-time pcr an ...201525751859
acute toxicity of current and alternative oil spill chemical dispersants to early life stage blue crabs (callinectes sapidus).the aim of this study was to examine the acute toxicity of five oil spill chemical dispersants on the ecologically and economically important coastal and estuarine species, blue crab callinectes sapidus. static, non-renewal 48 h acute toxicity tests were performed on stage-ii blue crab zoea. the median lethal concentration (lc50) was calculated for each dispersant at 24 h and 48 h using nominal concentrations for each dispersant tested. the 48 h lc50 values from the most to the least toxic range ...201525637788
systematic investigation of factors controlling supercritical fluid extraction (sfe) of spiked and aged pcbs from edible tissues of the blue crab (callinectes sapidus).systematic investigation of factors controlling supercritical fluid extraction (sfe) of spiked and naturally incurred (aged) pcbs from edible tissues of the blue crab (callinectes sapidus) was undertaken. effects of extraction pressure, temperature and time, co2 flow rate and total volume, and collection temperature were assessed. temperature dramatically impacted extraction efficiency, especially at lower pressures. surprisingly, extraction of both spiked and aged pcbs was flow rate dependent, ...201525236327
seasonal variations in reproductive activity of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus: vitellogenin expression and levels of vitellogenin in the hemolymph during ovarian development.in general, season affects the physiology and behavior of most animals. warmer temperatures accelerate growth and reproduction of ectotherms, whereas these processes are slowed or halted in colder temperatures. female blue crabs, callinectes sapidus inhabiting the chesapeake bay, exhibit a seasonal migratory behavior that is closely tied with spawning and the release of larvae. to better understand reproductive activities of the migratory adult females, we examined two reproductive parameters of ...201525218941
toxicity of the dispersant corexit 9500 to early life stages of blue crab, callinectes sapidus.the deepwater horizon well released 4.4 million barrels of light crude oil offshore of louisiana into one of the world's largest and most productive blue crab (callinectes sapidus) fisheries. the objectives of this paper were to determine the toxicity of the dispersant corexit(®) 9500a used in the 2010 oil spill on juvenile and larval blue crabs, and the long-term effects of sublethal acute exposure. only the highest treatment levels of dispersant significantly increased mortality in larval and ...201425173366
distribution of heavy metals in muscles and internal organs of korean cephalopods and crustaceans: risk assessment for human health.samples of seven species of cephalopods and crustaceans were collected from major fish markets on the korean coast and analyzed for mercury (hg) using a direct hg analyzer and for the metals cadmium (cd), lead (pb), chromium, silver, nickel, copper, and zinc using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. the distributions of heavy metals in muscles, internal organs, and whole tissues were determined, and a risk assessment was conducted to provide information concerning consumer safety. the ...201425474068
metal, metallothionein and glutathione levels in blue crab (callinectes sp.) specimens from southeastern brazil.metal concentrations (cu, pb, zn and cd) were determined in muscle, gills, soft tissues and eggs in male, non-ovigerous and ovigerous female callinectes sp. specimens from a reference site in southeastern brazil. metallothionein (mt) and reduced glutathione (gsh) levels were also determined. results demonstrate that sex has a significant influence on metal, mt and gsh concentrations. significant maternal transfer of pb and zn from ovigerous females to eggs was verified, while female crabs, both ...201424905697
spontaneous alternation and locomotor activity in three species of marine crabs: green crab (carcinus maenas), blue crab (callinectes sapidus), and fiddler crab (uca pugnax).spontaneous alternation refers to the tendency of organisms to explore places that they have least recently visited. our previous work showed that alternation performance of carcinus maenas (invasive european green crab) was significantly higher than callinectes sapidus (native blue crab), and chance level performance (ramey, p. a., teichman, e., oleksiak, j., & balcı, f. [2009]. spontaneous alternation in marine crabs: invasive versus native species. behavioural processes, 82, 51-55.). in the c ...201424060243
functional characterization of neuroendocrine regulation of branchial carbonic anhydrase induction in the euryhaline crab callinectes sapidus.carbonic anhydrase (ca) plays an essential role as a provider of counterions for na(+)/h(+) and cl(-)/hco3 (-) exchange in branchial ionic uptake processes in euryhaline crustaceans. ca activity and gene expression are low in crabs acclimated to full-strength seawater, with transfer to low salinity resulting in large-scale inductions of mrna and subsequent enzyme activity in the posterior ion-regulating gills (e.g., g7). in the green crab carcinus maenas, ca has been shown to be under inhibitory ...201425572216
detecting selection in the blue crab, callinectes sapidus, using dna sequence data from multiple nuclear protein-coding genes.the identification of genes involved in the adaptive evolution of non-model organisms with uncharacterized genomes constitutes a major challenge. this study employed a rigorous and targeted candidate gene approach to test for positive selection on protein-coding genes of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus. four genes with putative roles in physiological adaptation to environmental stress were chosen as candidates. a fifth gene not expected to play a role in environmental adaptation was used as a ...201424896825
mercury, lead, and cadmium in blue crabs, callinectes sapidus, from the atlantic coast of florida, usa: a multipredator approach.blue crabs, callinectes sapidus, from the atlantic coast of florida were analyzed for total mercury, methylmercury, lead, and cadmium. paired samples of two tissue types were analyzed for each crab, (1) muscle tissue (cheliped and body muscles) and (2) whole-body tissue (all organs, muscle tissue and connective tissue), for evaluation of the concentration of metals available to human consumers as well as estuarine predators. there were clear patterns of tissue-specific partitioning for each meta ...201424507459
a new pcr-based method shows that blue crabs (callinectes sapidus (rathbun)) consume winter flounder (pseudopleuronectes americanus (walbaum)).winter flounder (pseudopleuronectes americanus) once supported robust commercial and recreational fisheries in the new york (usa) region, but since the 1990s populations have been in decline. available data show that settlement of young-of-the-year winter flounder has not declined as sharply as adult abundance, suggesting that juveniles are experiencing higher mortality following settlement. the recent increase of blue crab (callinectes sapidus) abundance in the new york region raises the possib ...201424454797
the smell of moulting: n-acetylglucosamino-1,5-lactone is a premoult biomarker and candidate component of the courtship pheromone in the urine of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus.female blue crabs (callinectes sapidus) in their pubertal moult stage release unidentified sex pheromone molecules in their urine, causing males to respond with courtship behaviours including a display called courtship stationary paddling and a form of precopulatory guarding called cradle carry. we hypothesized that pheromones are mixtures of molecules and are more concentrated in urine of pubertal premoult females compared with other moulting stages and thus that these molecules are biomarkers ...201424363413
ghost fishing activity in derelict blue crab traps in louisiana.derelict crab traps impact the coastal ecosystem through continued catch of target species and species of conservation, economic, or recreational importance. during volunteer-supported crab trap cleanups in 2012 and 2013, we quantified ghost fishing activity in derelict crab traps in coastal louisiana through a citizen scientist program. volunteers removed 3607 derelict traps during these events, and over 65% of traps analyzed by citizen scientists were actively ghost fishing. additionally, volu ...201424360333
carbonic anhydrase induction in euryhaline crustaceans is rate-limited at the post-transcriptional level.the transfer of euryhaline crustaceans from full-strength seawater to low salinity results in both a rapid up-regulation of carbonic anhydrase (ca; ec 4.2.1.1) mrna and a slow induction of ca activity. there is a delay of several days between the two processes, which is attributed to the time required to synthesize new enzyme. these delays may also be due to limitations in the cellular uptake of zn, which is a required post-translational active site modification to ca. to investigate these proce ...201424333600
a novel hormone is required for the development of reproductive phenotypes in adult female crabs.the crustacean male-specific androgenic hormone is widely accepted as a key factor in sexual differentiation and in the development of secondary sex characteristics. however, the mechanism by which the plethora of different reproductive strategies are controlled and executed in crustaceans is not known. we discovered in the blue crab, callinectes sapidus, a hitherto unknown neurohormone, named crustacean female sex hormone (cfsh), in distinct neurosecretory cells in the eyestalk ganglia. cfsh is ...201424280057
trophodynamic behavior of hydrophobic organic contaminants in the aquatic food web of a tidal river.the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of sediment-bound hydrophobic organic contaminants (hocs) are of major concern for environmental and human health. in dynamic estuaries, hocs can be taken up from sediments, porewater, or the overlying water column concentrations directly or via the diet. the transfer of hocs including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (pcdd/fs) to resident/migratory biota was investigat ...201425272053
prevalence of vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus in blue crabs (callinectes sapidus), seawater and sediments of the maryland coastal bays.to determine the prevalence of total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) and v. vulnificus (vv) in blue crabs, water and sediment from the maryland coastal bays (mcbs), usa.201425066367
d1-like dopamine receptors downregulate na+-k+-atpase activity and increase camp production in the posterior gills of the blue crab callinectes sapidus.dopamine-mediated regulation of na(+)-k(+)-atpase activity in the posterior gills of some crustaceans has been reported to be involved in osmoregulation. the dopamine receptors of invertebrates are classified into three groups based on their structure and pharmacology: d1- and d2-like receptors and a distinct invertebrate receptor subtype (indr). we tested the hypothesis that a d1-like receptor is expressed in the blue crab callinectes sapidus and regulates na(+)-k(+)-atpase activity. rt-pcr, us ...201425080496
an insulin-like growth factor found in hepatopancreas implicates carbohydrate metabolism of the blue crab callinectes sapidus.hyperglycemia that is caused by the release of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh) from the sinus gland to hemolymph is one of the hallmark physiological phenomena, occurring in decapod crustaceans experiencing stressful conditions. however, the mechanism(s) by which such elevated glucose levels return to resting levels is still unknown. interestingly, noted is a difference in the clearance rate of hemolymph glucose between adult females and adult males of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus: ...201424503150
molecular characterization of a cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase from the chinese mitten crab, eriocheir sinensis.a cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase gene (es-cmnsod) was cloned from the chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the rapid amplification of cdna ends. the open reading frame of es-cmnsod is 867 bp in length and encodes a 288-amino acid protein without a signal peptide. the calculated molecular mass of the translated protein of es-cmnsod is 31.43 kda, with an estimated isoelectric point of 6.30. the deduced amino acid sequence of es ...201425501153
trehalose metabolism in the blue crab callinectes sapidus: isolation of multiple structural cdna isoforms of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and their expression in muscles.adult blue crab callinectes sapidus exhibit behavioral and ecological dimorphisms: females migrating from the low salinity water to the high salinity area vs. males remaining in the same areas. the flesh basal muscle of the swimming paddle shows a dimorphic color pattern in that levator (lev) and depressor (dep) of females tend to be much darker than those of males, while both genders have the same light colored remoter (rem) and promoter (pro). the full-length cdna sequence of four structural i ...201424334121
variation in spatial and temporal incidence of the crustacean pathogen hematodinium perezi in environmental samples from atlantic coastal bays.hematodinium perezi, a parasitic dinoflagellate, infects and kills blue crabs, callinectes sapidus, along the atlantic and gulf coasts of the united states. the parasite proliferates within host hemolymph and tissues, and also produces free-swimming biflagellated dinospores that emerge from infected crabs. infections in c. sapidus recur annually, and it is not known if biotic or environmental reservoirs contribute to reinfection and outbreaks. to address this data gap, a quantitative pcr assay b ...201323641869
conservation in the first internal transcribed spacer (its1) region of hematodinium perezi (genotype iii) from callinectes sapidus .hematodinium spp. infections have been reported from blue crabs callinectes sapidus in high-salinity waters of the usa from new jersey to texas. recently, h. perezi (genotype iii) has been proposed as the parasite species and genotype infecting blue crabs from virginia; however, it is unknown whether this same genotype is present in blue crabs from other locations. to address this question, we collected 317 blue crabs from massachusetts, virginia, georgia, florida, louisiana, and texas to test f ...201323482386
liquid chromatography-matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging with sprayed matrix for improved sensitivity, reproducibility and quantitation.matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (maldi) mass spectrometric imaging (msi) has been employed as a detection method for both capillary electrophoresis (ce)-maldi and liquid chromatography (lc)-maldi analyses. based on our previous studies, here we report a new interface to couple lc with msi by employing an automated matrix sprayer. the lc trace is directly collected on a ground stainless steel maldi plate and dried. the matrix is sprayed on the maldi plate using a programmable matrix s ...201324003441
semi-automated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric imaging platform for enhanced detection and improved data analysis of complex peptides.a semi-automated analytical platform featuring the coupling of monolithic reversed-phase liquid chromatography (rplc) to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging (maldi msi) has been developed and evaluated. this is the first time that lc separation is readily coupled to ms imaging detection for the analysis of complex peptide mixtures both qualitatively and quantitatively. methacrylate-based monolithic column with c12 functional groups is fabricated for fast rplc s ...201323623366
a comparison of two methods for colorimetric in situ hybridization using paraffin-embedded tissue sections and digoxigenin-labeled hybridization probes.two methods for colorimetric in situ dna probe hybridization (cish) assays on paraffin-embedded tissue sections were compared. the heated method used heat (90-100°c) to denature dna in the sample prior to probe hybridization, while the unheated method used a standard hybridization temperature of 42°c. both procedures were tested on tissue samples that harbored the mollusk protozoan pathogens perkinsus marinus, p. chesapeaki, or haplosporidium nelsoni, the protozoan and bacterial fish pathogens m ...201323697605
experimental infections of orchitophrya stellarum (scuticociliata) in american blue crabs (callinectes sapidus) and fiddler crabs (uca minax).outbreaks of an unidentified ciliate have occurred on several occasions in blue crabs from chesapeake bay held during winter months in flow-through systems. the parasite was initially thought to be mesanophrys chesapeakensis, but molecular analysis identified it as orchitophyra stellarum, a facultative parasite of sea stars (asteroidea). we investigated the host-parasite association of o. stellarum in the blue crab host. crabs were inoculated with the ciliate, or they were held in bath exposures ...201324018170
discovery of an opportunistic starfish pathogen, orchitophrya stellarum, in captive blue crabs, callinectes sapidus.histophagous scuticociliate infections were discovered in blue crabs, callinectes sapidus, held in research facilities at the virginia institute of marine science. ciliates were observed infecting every tissue examined including the gills, heart, muscle, hepatopancreas, and epidermis. hemolymph smears and histological tissue sections indicated a morphological similarity to mesanophrys chesapeakensis, the only recorded histophagous ciliate infecting blue crabs. however, subsequent analysis of the ...201323954308
efficacy of alfaxalone for intravascular anesthesia and euthanasia in blue crabs (callinectes sapidus).the objective of this study was to characterize the behavioral effects and changes in heart rate of four doses of alfaxalone delivered by intravascular injection to blue crabs (callinectes sapidus). thirty (male, n = 27; female, n = 3) blue crabs were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups of alfaxalone: eight animals were assigned to each of the 5-, 10-, and 15-mg/kg treatment groups, and the remaining six animals were assigned to the 100-mg/kg group. times for anesthetic induction a ...201324063098
extracellular digestion during hyposaline exposure in the dungeness crab, cancer magister, and the blue crab, callinectes sapidus.extracellular digestive processes were examined in the dungeness crab, cancer magister and the blue crab, callinectes sapidus, during hyposaline exposure. both species are found in estuaries as adults, but vary in their ability to balance the cardiovascular and respiratory demands of concurrent osmoregulation and digestion. the weak osmoregulator, c. magister, is unable to balance the demands of osmoregulation and digestion. concordant with observed decreases in oxygen consumption and mechanical ...201324035839
cloning of prophenoloxidase from hemocytes of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus and its expression and enzyme activity during the molt cycle.the arthropods cuticle undergoes dramatic morphological and biochemical changes from being soft to hardness through each molting process. prophenoloxidase (ppo) known as a key enzyme in the arthropod innate immune system involved in the melanization reaction, has been related with the initial shell-hardening process, specifically in the sclerotization of the protein matrix in the new cuticle. since hemocytes have been reported as the main ppo source in arthropods, the transport of hemocyte ppo i ...201323968691
effect of meal size and body size on specific dynamic action and gastric processing in decapod crustaceans.meal size and animal size are important factors affecting the characteristics of the specific dynamic action (sda) response across a variety of taxa. the effects of these two variables on the sda of decapod crustaceans are based on just a couple of articles, and are not wholly consistent with the responses reported for other aquatic ectotherms. therefore, the effects of meal size and animal size on the characteristics of sda response were investigated in a variety of decapod crustaceans from dif ...201323916818
fecundity, reproductive seasonality and maturation size of callinectes sapidus females (decapoda: portunidae) in the southeast coast of brazil.c sapidus fisheries has a significant influence on the economy of some countries in north america and has a relative extensive literature in these regions. however, only few papers discuss the ecology of c. sapidus in the south atlantic, despite its economic importance in that region. we studied the fecundity, reproductive seasonality and maturation size of c. sapidus females captured in the southeast coast of brazil from january to december 2002. females were separated, weighted (wt), and cepha ...201323885578
a multi-scale strategy for discovery of novel endogenous neuropeptides in the crustacean nervous system.the conventional mass spectrometry (ms)-based strategy is often inadequate for the comprehensive characterization of various size neuropeptides without the assistance of genomic information. this study evaluated sequence coverage of different size neuropeptides in two crustacean species, blue crab callinectes sapidus and jonah crab cancer borealis using conventional ms methodologies and revealed limitations to mid- and large-size peptide analysis. herein we attempt to establish a multi-scale str ...201323806756
ecdysone and retinoid-x receptors of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus: cloning and their expression patterns in eyestalks and y-organs during the molt cycle.crustacean molting is known to be regulated largely by ecdysteroids and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh) neuropeptide family including molt-inhibiting hormone (mih) and chh. the surge of 20-oh ecdysone and/or ponasterone a initiates the molting process through binding to its conserved heterodimeric nuclear receptor: ecdysone receptor (ecr) and ultraspiracle (usp)/retinoid-x receptor (rxr). to better understand the role of ecdysteroids in the molt regulation, the full-length cdnas of the bl ...201323764560
locomotory fatigue during moderate and severe hypoxia and hypercapnia in the atlantic blue crab, callinectes sapidus.the atlantic blue crab, callinectes sapidus (rathbun), is a highly mobile crustacean that must locomote to find food, evade predators, find mates, and avoid adverse conditions such as hypoxia. in this study we tested the effects of two levels of hypoxia (10.4 kpa, 50% air saturation = moderate hypoxia; 4 kpa, 20% air saturation = severe hypoxia) and hypercapnic hypoxia (50% air saturation o(2) with pco(2) = 2 kpa) on fatigue during sustained continuous exercise. fatigue was induced by an exercis ...201323677972
locomotory fatigue and size in the atlantic blue crab, callinectes sapidus. 201323677971
molecular cloning of a plasma membrane ca²⁺ atpase (pmca) from y-organs of the blue crab (callinectes sapidus), and determination of spatial and temporal patterns of pmca gene expression.existing data indicate that a stage-specific increase in intracellular free ca(2+) stimulates ecdysteroid production by crustacean molting glands (y-organs). the concentration of ca(2+) in cytosol is controlled mainly by proteins intrinsic to the plasma membrane and to the membranes of organelles. several families of proteins are involved, including ca(2+) channels, ca(2+) pumps (atpases), and ca(2+) exchangers. the family of ca(2+) pumps includes plasma membrane calcium atpases (pmcas). as a st ...201323545309
mass spectrometric evaluation of neuropeptidomic profiles upon heat stabilization treatment of neuroendocrine tissues in crustaceans.tissue heat stabilization is a vital component in successful mammalian neuropeptidomic studies. heat stabilization using focused microwave irradiation, conventional microwave irradiation, boiling, and treatment with the denator stabilizor t1 have all proven effective in arresting post-mortem protein degradation. although research has reported the presence of protein fragments in crustacean hemolymph when protease inhibitors were not added to the sample, the degree to which post-mortem protease a ...201323227893
mapping of neuropeptides in the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system by imaging mass spectrometry.considerable effort has been devoted to characterizing the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system (stns) with great emphasis on comprehensive analysis and mapping distribution of its diverse neuropeptide complement. previously, immunohistochemistry (ihc) has been applied to this endeavor, yet with identification accuracy and throughput compromised. therefore, molecular imaging methods are pursued to unequivocally determine the identity and location of the neuropeptides at a high spatial resolu ...201323192703
biotic structure indirectly affects associated prey in a predator-specific manner via changes in the sensory environment.indirect effects, which can be either positive or negative, may be important in areas containing biotic structure, because such structure can provide refuge and habitat, produce additional sensory cues that may attract predators, and modify the sensory landscape in which predator-prey interactions occur. to determine the indirect effects of biotic structure on prey populations, we assessed predation on patches of hard clams (mercenaria mercenaria) by large odor-mediated blue crab (callinectes sa ...201322821422
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