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molecular characterisation of sarcocystis bovifelis, sarcocystis bovini n. sp., sarcocystis hirsuta and sarcocystis cruzi from cattle (bos taurus) and sarcocystis sinensis from water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).about 200 individual sarcocysts were excised from 12 samples of cattle beef from five countries (argentina, brazil, germany, new zealand, uruguay) and tentatively identified to species or cyst type on the basis of their size and shape and cyst wall morphology. genomic dna was extracted from 147 of these sarcocysts and used initially for pcr amplification and sequencing of the partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i gene (cox1) in order to identify the sarcocysts to species and/or se ...201626677095
prevalence of enteric protozoan oocysts with special reference to sarcocystis cruzi among fecal samples of diarrheic immunodeficient patients in iran.the genus sarcocystis is not usually considered as an important enteric pathogen in immune compromised patients. it might be expected that species for which humans are the final host (sarcocystis hominis and sarcocystis suihominis as well as possibly others) would be encountered increasingly often in immunodeficient persons. this study aimed to address how to detect and differentiate sarcocystis oocysts and/or sporocysts from enteric protozoans in the diarrheal samples of immunodeficient patient ...201627417091
pathology, immunohistochemistry, and ultrastructural findings associated with neurological sarcocystosis in cattle.paraffin-embedded blocks of brain of a nine months old bull calf that died of neurological signs in 1982 in germany were restudied. numerous schizonts and merozoites were found associated with extensive but focal necrosis and severe meningoencephalitis. developing stages of schizonts as well as free merozoites were identified. the schizonts were primarily in perivascular areas. ultrastructurally, schizonts were seen both in capillaries and in extravascular space. merozoites were often concentrat ...201627198793
molecular differentiation of sarcocystis buffalonis and sarcocystis levinei in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) from sarcocystis hirsuta and sarcocystis cruzi in cattle (bos taurus).the purpose of the present study was to obtain sarcocysts of sarcocystis buffalonis and sarcocystis levinei from water buffaloes and characterize the isolates by molecular methods in order to determine whether the two species were genetically different from sarcocystis hirsuta and sarcocystis cruzi, respectively, from cattle, which had been characterized before. about 35 macroscopically visible (3-4 × 1-2 mm) and 20 barely visible (1-3 × 0.2 mm) sarcocysts were excised from the esophagus of 18 n ...201626979729
short communication: genetic variants of sarcocystis cruzi in infected malaysian cattle based on 18s rdna.sarcocystis species are pathogenic parasites that infect a wide range of animals, including cattle. a high prevalence of cattle sarcocystosis has been reported worldwide, but its status is unknown in malaysia. this study focused on utilizing 18s rdna to identify sarcocystis species in malaysian cattle and to determine their genetic variants. in this study, only sarcocystis cruzi was detected in malaysian cattle. the intra-species s. cruzi phylogenetic tree analysis and principal coordinate analy ...201526679818
sarcocystis heydorni, n. sp. (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae) with cattle (bos taurus) and human (homo sapiens) cycle.cattle (bos taurus) are intermediate hosts for four species of sarcocystis, namely sarcocystis cruzi, sarcocystis hirsuta, sarcocystis hominis, and sarcocystis rommeli. of these four species, mature sarcocysts of s. cruzi are thin-walled (<1 μm), whereas s. hirsuta, s. hominis, and s. rommeli have thick walls (4 μm or more). here, we describe a new species of sarcocystis with thin-walled sarcocysts in cattle. two newborn calves were fed with sporocysts from the feces of a human volunteer who had ...201526243573
prevalence and histopathological finding of thin-walled and thick-walled sarcocysts in slaughtered cattle of karaj abattoir, iran.sarcocystosis is a zoonotic disease caused by sarcocystis spp. with obligatory two host life cycle generally alternating between an herbivorous intermediate host and a carnivorous definitive host. some species of this coccidian parasite can cause considerable morbidity and mortality in cattle. the present study was set to investigate the prevalence of sarcocystis spp. and type of cyst wall in slaughtered cattle of karaj abattoir, iran. for this purpose 125 cattle (88 males and 37 females) were i ...201526064016
sarcocystis cruzi infection in wood bison (bison bison athabascae).endangered wood bison (bison bison athabascae) is the largest terrestrial mammal in the american continent. animal health is an important issue in their conservation, and sarcocystis cruzi may be a cause of clinical disease in bovidae. hearts of eight wood bison from alaska, usa were examined for sarcocysts by histology, transmission electron microscopy, pepsin digestion, and molecularly. sarcocystis bradyzoites were found in pepsin digests of all eight and sarcocysts were found in histologic se ...201525868849
microscopical and serological studies on sarcocystis infection with first report of s. cruzi in buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) in assiut, egypt.this study was performed for the purpose of investigating the prevalence and the species composition of sarcocystis spp. in buffaloes in assiut province, egypt. macroscopically we reported the infection of buffaloes with sarcocystis fusiformis, while microscopically three sarcocystis species (sarcocystis cruzi, sarcocystis levinei and sarcocystis hominis) cysts were recognized, and were differentiated by their morphological features using both histopathological sections and electron microscope s ...201425320487
sarcocystis sinensis is the most prevalent thick-walled sarcocystis species in beef on sale for consumers in germany.bovines are intermediate hosts of sarcocystis cruzi, sarcocystis hirsuta, and sarcocystis hominis, which use canids, felids, or primates as definitive hosts, respectively. cattle represent also intermediate hosts of sarcocystis sinensis, but the definitive hosts of this parasite are not yet known. sarcocystosis in cattle is frequently asymptomatic. the infection is characterized by the presence of thin-walled (s. cruzi) or thick-walled muscle cysts or sarcocysts (s. hominis, s. sinensis, and s. ...201424700022
detection of sarcocystis spp. in cattle (bos taurus) and water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) in iran by pcr-rflp.sarcocystis species are cyst-forming intracellular protozoan parasites. cattle are mainly infected with sarcocystis cruzi, sarcocystis hominis and sarcocystis hirsuta. water buffaloes are intermediate hosts for sarcocystis fusiformis, sarcocystis levinei (s. cruzi-like species), sarcocystis dubeyi, sarcocystis sinensis (s. hominis-like species) and sarcocystis buffalonis (s. hirsuta- like species). the aim of this study was identification of sarcocystis spp. in slaughtered cattle and water buffa ...201426688630
the parasitic fauna of the european bison (bison bonasus) (linnaeus, 1758) and their impact on the conservation. part 1. the summarising list of parasites noted.during the current century, 88 species of parasites have been recorded in bison bonasus. these are 22 species of protozoa (trypanosoma wrublewskii, t. theileri, giardia sp., sarcocystis cruzi, s. hirsuta, s. hominis, s. fusiformis, neospora caninum, toxoplasma gondii, cryptosporidium sp., eimeria cylindrica, e. subspherica, e. bovis, e. zuernii, e. canadensis, e. ellipsoidalis, e. alabamensis, e. bukidnonensis, e. auburnensis, e. pellita, e. brasiliensis, babesia divergens), 4 trematodes species ...201425119348
sarcocystis cruzi: first molecular identification from cattle in iran.sarcocystis is a genus of cyst-forming parasites infecting both animals and human. this study aimed to isolate coccidian tissue cysts from muscle of infected animals by a simple method in addition to molecular identification of sarcocystis cruzi from the samples. the samples were obtained from commercial source in babol, northern iran. five grams of calf muscle was cut into 2-3 pieces in 30 ml of phosphate-buffered saline containing 0.1% tween 80 and homogenized with ika t25, digital ultra-turra ...201324551802
high prevalence of muscular sarcocystosis in cattle and water buffaloes from selangor, malaysia.the prevalence of sarcocystosis in cattle and water buffaloes from peninsular malaysia was investigated in abattoirs in selangor state, february, 2011, to march, 2012. fresh muscle samples were collected from the tongue, heart, oesophagus, diaphragm and skeletal muscles of 102 cattle and 18 water buffaloes. each sample was initially screened by light microscopy and then fixed for further histopathological analysis. out of 120 animals examined, 49 (40.8%) harboured the microscopic type of sarcocy ...201324522140
development of a multiplex real time pcr to differentiate sarcocystis spp. affecting cattle.cattle are intermediate hosts of sarcocystis cruzi, sarcocystis hirsuta and sarcocystis hominis which use canids, felids or primates as definitive hosts (dh), respectively, and in addition of sarcocystis sinensis from which the dh is unknown. the aims of the present study were to develop and optimize a multiplex real time pcr for a sensitive and specific differentiation of sarcocystis spp. affecting cattle and to estimate the prevalence of sarcocystis spp. in argentinean cattle. the 18s rrna gen ...201323680541
detection and differentiation of coccidian oocysts by real-time pcr and melting curve analysis.abstract rapid and reliable detection and identification of coccidian oocysts are essential for animal health and food-borne disease outbreak investigations. traditional microscopy and morphological techniques can identify large and unique oocysts, but are often subjective and require parasitological expertise. the objective of this study was to develop a real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay with melting curve analysis (mca) to detect, differentiate, and identify dna from coccidian species of ...201121506835
detection of a morphogenetically novel sarcocystis hominis-like in the context of a prevalence study in semi-intensively bred cattle in italy.the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcosporidiosis in semi-intensively bred cattle in northwestern italy. a diagnostic protocol was setup in which infected animals were identified by rapid histological examination of the esophagus, diaphragm, and heart and the detected sarcocystis spp. were subsequently typed using conventional electron microscopy in combination with molecular techniques. sarcosporidia cysts were detected in 78.1% of the animals and were seen most often in ...201121556683
meningoencephalitis associated with sarcocystis spp. in a free-living japanese raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus).a free-living, young adult, male japanese raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) was rescued in gifu, japan in march 2009. the animal was weak and emaciated with neurological signs that included head tilt, tremor and tic. the brain showed no gross abnormality at necropsy, but microscopically there was severe meningoencephalitis associated with protozoa, which were morphologically consistent with the asexual developmental stage of sarcocystis spp. the protozoa were immunohistochemicall ...201020163802
comparative evaluation of immunofluorescent antibody and new immunoblot tests for the specific detection of antibodies against besnoitia besnoiti tachyzoites and bradyzoites in bovine sera.besnoitia besnoiti, an apicomplexan parasite causes economically important disease in cattle in many countries of africa and asia is re-emerging in europe. serological identification of infected cattle is important because introduction of these animals into naive herds seems to play a major role in the transmission of the parasite. we report new, simplified immunoblot-based serological tests for the detection of b. besnoiti-specific antibodies. antigens were used under non-reducing conditions in ...201020378250
prevalence of thin-walled sarcocystis cruzi and thick-walled sarcocystis hirsuta or sarcocystis hominis from cattle in iran.bovine sarcocystosis is caused by sarcocystis cruzi and is known to cause considerable morbidity and mortality in cattle. this species is distributed worldwide in cattle and is the most prevalent of the sarcocystis species infecting cattle. there is high infection rate of sarcocyst in cattle in iran, but to our knowledge, there is no study about identification of sarcocystis species. this work aimed to survey prevalence of s. cruzi cyst in slaughtered cattle of isfahan, iran. in this study, esop ...201020379775
sarcocystis cruzi: comparative studies confirm natural infections of buffaloes.controversy exists concerning whether cattle and water buffalo sustain infections with cysts of distinct arrays of species in the genus sarcocystis. in particular, morphologically similar parasites have been alternately ascribed to sarcocystis cruzi or to sarcocystis levinei, depending on their occurrence in cattle or water buffalo. we used light and transmission electron microscopy, genetic analysis, and experimental infections of definitive canine hosts to determine whether consistent differen ...201020971107
prevalence of sarcocystis spp. in argentinean cattle.sarcocystis cruzi, s. hirsuta and s. hominis are apicomplexan parasites that affect cattle worldwide with variable prevalence. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of sarcocystis spp. in argentinean cattle comparing microscopic fresh examination and molecular methods. blood, myocardium and loin samples were collected in five slaughterhouses from a total of 380 bovines. origin of animals was representative of the major beef cattle production area of argentina. samples were ...201021168276
frequency of horizontal and vertical transmission for sarcocystis cruzi and neospora caninum in dairy cattle.sarcocystis cruzi and neospora caninum infections in cattle are common throughout the world, and cause important economical losses. n. caninum can be transmitted horizontally by ingestion of oocysts or vertically from the infected dam to the fetus via the placenta. vertical transmission for s. cruzi is infrequent and horizontal transmission is considered the most important route of infection. the objectives of this study were to evaluate the frequency of horizontal and vertical transmission for ...200919070964
non-invasive methods for identifying oocysts of sarcocystis spp. from definitive hosts.because the excreted sporocysts and/or oocysts of various species of sarcocystis may not be discriminated morphologically, we sought to validate a diagnostic technique based on variation in the 18s rdna sequence. oocysts and/or sporocysts from three taxa of sarcocystis were collected from human, feline, and canine definitive hosts that had fed upon meats infected with the muscle cysts of sarcocystis hominis, sarcocystis fusiformis and a species of sarcocystis from water buffalo that could not be ...200919336258
[sarcocystis cruzi (protozoa: apicomplexa: sarcocystiidae) infection in european bison (bison bonasus) from białowieza forest, poland].samples of oesophagus, diaphragm and heart muscles were taken from one european bison from białowieza forest during seasonal european bison elimination in 2008. five gram of each muscle was examined by staining small samples in 0.2% aqueous solution of methylene blue. after that they were placed between compressor glasses and examined under a dissecting microscope in order to detect sarcocystis sp. infection. all sarcocysts observed were counted. the 5-g sample of the heart muscle yielded a tota ...200919579782
diagnosis of sarcocystis spp. in cattle (bos taurus) and water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) in northern vietnam.our aim was to develop a method for species diagnosis and to obtain data on the prevalence of sarcocystis infections in cattle and water buffalo in the son la province of northern vietnam. meat samples of naturally infected animals were examined by light and electron microscopy as well as by molecular methods. a pcr of part of the 18s rdna gene followed by rflp analysis was modified to detect infections with different sarcocystis spp. in cattle and water buffaloes slaughtered in the son la provi ...200919783101
review of zoonotic parasites in medical and veterinary fields in the republic of korea.zoonotic parasites are animal parasites that can infect humans. the major zoonotic protozoa in the republic of korea are babesia bovis, chilomastix mesnili, cryptosporidium parvum, endolimax nana, entamoeba coli, entamoeba hitolytica, giardia lamblia, iodamoeba bütschlii, pneumocystis carinii, sarcocystis cruzi, and toxoplasma gondii. the major zoonotic helminths in korea include trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes. trematodes are clonorchis sinensis, echinostoma hortense, echinostoma spp., fasc ...200919885329
[evaluation of small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes of dogs (canis familiaris) experimentally infected by sarcocystis cruzi (hasselman, 1923) wenyon, 1926 (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae)].species of the genus sarcocystis are considered as important parasites of domestic animals. dogs are considered as definitive host for a variety species of sarcocystis, when they fed on intermediated host tissues cysts shed sporocysts in their feces. grinded bovine cardiac muscles, positive for sarcocystis cruzi was given to two puppies free of coccidia. both animals shed sporocysts in their feces at 12 days after infection (dai). these sporocysts measured 17.44 +/- 0.82 11.60 +/- 0.66 mum with ...200820059872
diagnosis of sarcocystis cruzi, neospora caninum, and toxoplasma gondii infections in cattle.the aim of the study was to diagnose sarcocystis sp. infections in cattle and to detect coinfections by toxoplasma gondii and/or neospora caninum. blood, diaphragm, esophagus, and myocardium from 90 beef cattle from argentina were collected. histopathological, immunohistochemical, polymerase chain reaction assays, and direct microscopical examination were carried out. sarcocysts from myocardium were measured and counted. indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) for the three protozoans was perf ...200818066600
restricted genetic diversity in the ubiquitous cattle parasite, sarcocystis cruzi.although parasites of the genus sarcocystis have likely cycled between bovine herbivores and canine carnivores for tens of millions of years, humans may have profoundly influenced the ecology and evolution of those prevalent in domesticated dogs and cattle. to preliminarily assess the possibility of such anthropogenic effects, we surveyed genetic variation in conserved (18s small subunit) and variable (its-1) portions of ribosomal dna from a large sample of sarcocystis cruzi occurring in taurine ...200818501682
chronic polymyositis associated with disseminated sarcocystosis in a captive-born rhesus macaque.a 2-year-old, captive-born, clinically healthy male, rhesus macaque, was euthanatized as part of an experimental study. at necropsy, diffuse pale streaking of the trunk, lumbar, and limb muscles were noted macroscopically. on histology, numerous elongated cysts that contained crescent-shaped basophilic spores were found in the fibers of skeletal muscles. scattered affected myofibers were degenerate and accompanied by eosinophilic-to-granulomatous inflammation. sarcocysts had prominent villus-lik ...200717846244
[lesions in cross-breed pregnant cows, experimentally infected with sarcocystis cruzi (hasselmann, 1923) wenyon, 1926 (apicomplexa: sarcocytidae)].to identify pathologic alterations, sixteen cows, in the last 3 months of gestation, all cross-breed, holstein x zebu, serum positive for sarcocystis, were selected and divided into four groups of four animals each. the first group was considered as control and the other three groups were experimentally infected with 1x10(4) (2nd group), 5x10(4) (3rd group) and 1x10(5) (4th group) sporocysts obtained from dog's feces. the gross lesions in the cows were consisted of pale mucous membranes, palenes ...200516153349
sensitive and specific identification of neospora caninum infection of cattle based on detection of serum antibodies to recombinant ncp29.neosporosis is an economically important disease of dairy cattle caused by the protozoan neospora caninum. diagnostic tests for neosporosis are complicated by the potential for cross-reaction of antibodies to antigens that are similar between n. caninum and closely related parasites toxoplasma gondii and sarcocystis cruzi. to provide a sensitive and specific assay for detecting antibodies to n. caninum in the serum of infected animals, we have investigated a recombinant form of the antigen known ...200211986268
effect of progressive cachectic parasitism and growth hormone treatment on hepatic 5'-deiodinase activity in calves.thyroid status is compromised in a variety of acute and chronic infections. conversion of thyroxine (t(4)) into the metabolically active hormone, triiodothyronine (t(3)), is catalyzed by 5'-deiodinase (5'd) mainly in extrathyroidal tissues. the objective of this study was to examine the effect of protozoan parasitic infection (sarcocystis cruzi) on hepatic 5'd (type i) activity and plasma concentrations of t(3) and t(4) in placebo- or bovine gh (bgh)-injected calves. holstein bull calves (127.5+ ...200212044611
a pcr-based rflp analysis of sarcocystis cruzi (protozoa: sarcocystidae) in yunnan province, pr china, reveals the water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) as a natural intermediate host.a polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) approach is used to examine sarcocystis cruzi-like taxa from the atypical intermediate host, water buffalo, in yunnan, people's republic of china. the loci examined lie within the 18s rrna gene. a total of 15 water buffalo isolates are compared with those of 10 s. cruzi from cattle. rflp patterns for the s. cruzi isolates from cattle and the s. cruzi-like taxon from water buffalo are found to be identical with all ...200212537125
specific detection of neospora caninum oocysts in fecal samples from experimentally-infected dogs using the polymerase chain reaction.neospora caninum oocysts, passed in the feces of a definitive host (dog), were isolated, and genomic dna was extracted. a polymerase cahin reaction (pcr) targeting the n. caninum-specific nc 5 genomic sequence was performed using the isolated dna. a synthesized competitor molecule containing part of the nc 5 sequence was included in the assay as a check against false-negative pcr results and to quantify n. caninum oocyst dna in fecal samples. a standard curve of the ratio of fluorescence intensi ...200111318571
ultrastructural studies of sarcocystis cruzi (hasselmann, 1926) wenyon, 1926 infection in cattle (bos taurus): philippine cases.this paper documents the first report of sarcocysti s cruzi infection in domesticated cattle (bos taurus) in the philippines. fusiform-shaped microscopic sarcocysts (183-578 microns long and 20-98 microns wide) with distinct septae were found in the skeletal, striated and heart muscle. the sarcocyst wall or parasitophorous vacuolar membrane, 1.37-2.75 microns thick consisted of closely-packed villar protrusions 80-400 nm in dm. middle and distal segments of vp were bent approximately 90 degrees ...200111584756
experimental induction of the two-host life cycle of sarcocystis cruzi between dogs and korean native calves.eight dogs were experimentally infected with sarcocystis by oral inoculation of cardiac muscle from naturally infected cattle. the infected dogs commenced discharging of sporocysts in the feces after 10 to 12 days of inoculation, and continued until 20 and 35 days after inoculation. three dogs were reinfected with cardiac muscle from the naturally infected cattle. sporocysts reappeared in the feces on 12 to 13 days after reinfection. sarcocystis sporocysts collected from the experimentally infec ...200111590912
growth performance, meat quality and activities of glycolytic enzymes in the blood and muscle tissue of calves infected with sarcocystis cruzi.growth performance and the pattern of glycolytic enzymes in the blood plasma were assessed during experimental sarcocystis cruzi infection (1 x 10(5) sporocysts per calf) in six calves; five calves served as noninfected controls. at slaughter (68 or 88 days post infection), carcass weight, dressing percentages and several parameters of meat quality (ph, color brightness, rigor, water absorbing capacity, water binding capacity) were recorded. moreover, enzyme activities were measured in muscle ho ...200010681018
improvement of western blot test specificity for detecting equine serum antibodies to sarcocystis neurona.equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (epm) is a neurological disease of horses and ponies caused by the apicomplexan protozoan parasite sarcocystis neurona. the purposes of this study were to develop the most stringent criteria possible for a positive test result, to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the epm western blot antibody test, and to assess the ability of bovine antibodies to sarcocystis cruzi to act as a blocking agent to minimize false-positive results in the western blot test ...200010690772
prevalence of sarcocystis spp. cysts in japanese and imported beef (loin: musculus longissimus).a survey was carried out to investigate the occurrence of sarcocystis infection in the loin (musculus longissimus) of japanese and imported beef. in all, the muscle tissue of 482 samples were examined by histological method. the prevalence of sarcocystis unspecified species cysts was lower in japanese beef (total 6.31%: 0% in holstein castrated, 12.96% in holstein milk cow, 3.33% in japanese shorthorn and 11.58% in japanese black cattle) than in beef imported from america (36.78%) or australia ( ...199911269330
serological differences in neospora caninum-associated epidemic and endemic abortions.a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the sensitive and specific detection of bovine antibodies to neospora caninum was developed and evaluated using sera from cattle experimentally infected with n. caninum, toxoplasma gondii, sarcocystis cruzi, sarcocystis hominis, sarcocystis hirsuta, eimeria bovis, cryptosporidium parvum, babesia divergens, and field sera from naturally exposed animals. field sera were classified using a gold standard that included the results from an indir ...199910461950
induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide in rabbits inoculated with a cyst extract of sarcocystis cruzi.rabbits develop a toxic reaction similar to endotoxemia following inoculation with a sarcocystis cruzi cyst extract. to analyze the pathophysiology of the reaction, serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha), nitric oxide (no) and lipid-lipoprotein profiles were investigated in rabbits given the cyst extract and lipopolysaccharide (lps) by subcutaneous inoculation. in animals given the cyst extract, overproduction of tnfalpha was detected, together with an increase in no. the animals developed ...199910488726
underlying disease stress augments plasma and tissue adrenomedullin (am) responses to endotoxin: colocalized increases in am and inducible nitric oxide synthase within pancreatic islets.rapid onset metabolic impairments accompany the initiation of the acute phase response to many disease stresses, whereas more chronic metabolic perturbations may prolong the recovery period. in the present experiment the application of a mild endotoxin challenge [lipopolysaccharide (lps)] alone or additive to a chronic subclinical parasitic infection (sarcocystis cruzi; lps + pi) in calves was used as a model to investigate and define a dynamic axis coordinated between adrenomedullin (am) and ni ...199910537172
characterization of bovine sarcocystis species by analysis of their 18s ribosomal dna sequences.two sarcocystis hirsuta isolates from 2 cattle (bos taurus), 2 sarcocystis hominis-like isolates from 2 cattle, 1 each sarcocystis hominis-like isolate from a zoo-born dwarf zebu (b. taurus) and from a zoo-born bison (bison bison), and 1 each sarcocystis cruzi isolate from the dwarf zebu and the bison have been characterized by comparing the directly sequenced polymerase chain reaction products of their 18s rrna genes. sequences of 2 different isolates from the same species always showed a very ...19989488337
sarcocystis-associated encephalitis and myocarditis in a wild turkey (meleagris gallopavo).a sarcocystis-like organism was associated with encephalitis and myocarditis in an ataxic, emaciated adult male turkey (meleagris gallopavo) from gilmer county, west virginia. protozoal schizonts and merozoites were associated with areas of inflammation and occasionally necrosis in both the heart and the brain. the organisms divided by endopolygeny and stained positively with anti-sarcocystis cruzi serum in an immunohistochemical test.19989645885
changes in somatotropic axis response and body composition during growth hormone administration in progressive cachectic parasitism.a multistage protozoan parasitic disease was used as a cachexia model to study the effects of daily administration of bovine growth hormone (gh) on endocrine and body composition changes of young calves from the onset of the acute phase response (apr). male calves averaging 127.5 +/- 2.0 kg body weight were assigned to control, ad libitum fed, noninfected (c); ad libitum fed, infected (250,000 oocysts sarcocystis cruzi, per os, i); noninfected, pair-fed (pf) to matched i-treatment calves and the ...19989673456
blood clotting disorders during experimental sarcocystiosis in calves.the effects of experimental infection of calves with sarcocystis cruzi on the blood coagulation cascade were investigated. calves were inoculated orally with 1 x 10(5) sporocysts (group s1, n = 6) or with 5 x 10(5) sporocysts of s. cruzi (group s2, n = 3). a group of eight calves served as non-infected controls (group c). the animals were bled once during the first 4 weeks of infection and twice a week thereafter until day 40 p.i. the following parameters were measured: activated partial thrombo ...19989762563
a multiple antigen elisa to detect neospora-specific antibodies in bovine sera, bovine foetal fluids, ovine and caprine sera.neospora caninum is a cyst-forming coccidian parasite recently identified as a cause of abortion in cattle. the epidemiology of neosporosis is poorly understood, partly because accurate diagnosis of infection is difficult. in this paper we describe the development of a multiple antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect antibodies to n. caninum in sera from cattle, sheep and goats as well as from bovine foetal fluids. a water-soluble fraction (wsf) of sonicated nc-1 strain ...19989777723
endocrine modulation of physiological responses to catabolic disease.disease or endotoxemia alters the plasma concentrations of anabolic hormones, particularly growth hormone (gh) and insulin-like growth-factor i (igf-i). in general, these hormones are inhibited during the catabolic disease state. a hypothesis has evolved that anabolic hormones might be useful in patients' recovery under these and other catabolic circumstances. the treatment of cattle with gh has provided significant improvement in the physiological response of the animals to the subsequent injec ...19989785046
a survey of bovine, bubaline and swine sarcocystosis in the philippines.in a survey conducted from january to december, 1994, muscle tissues in 12 out of 22 slaughtered carabaos ages 8-17 years old and obtained from the food terminal inc, abbatoir in laguna showed numerous white and creamy elliptic-shaped soft bodied macrocysts in the throat muscles. microscopic examination of the throat and cardiac muscle tissues revealed the presence of fusiform-shaped microcysts. our observations are consistent with previous reports incriminating sarcocystis fusiformis as the mos ...19979656372
characterization of a swedish bovine isolate of neospora caninum.the brain of a stillborn calf, seropositive to neospora caninum and born to a seropositive cow, was homogenized and cultured on vero cells, where growth of neospora-like tachyzoites was detected after 8 weeks. the ultrastructural features of the new isolate (nc-sweb1) corresponded to those of previously published neospora isolates. in indirect immunofluorescence tests, antigens on nc-sweb1 tachyzoites were recognized by antibodies raised to a canine n. caninum isolate (nc-1) but not by antibodie ...19979089715
novel elisa for detection of neospora-specific antibodies in cattle.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect antibodies to neospora species in cattle was developed. whole formalin-fixed neospora caninum (nc-liverpool) tachyzoites were used as antigen and a monoclonal antibody to bovine immunoglobulin light chain and an anti-mouse horseradish peroxidase conjugate were used to reveal bound antibody. a panel of 46 sera, negative by the immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat), were used in the elisa at a serum dilution of 1:500 to calculate the negative ...19979106971
immunohistochemical diagnosis of toxoplasma gondii: potential for cross-reactivity with neospora caninum.a monoclonal antibody (mab 3f5) was compared with a commercial polyclonal antibody for specificity for toxoplasma gondii and cross-reactivity with neospora caninum in paraffin-embedded tissue sections. both antibody preparations reliably recognized t. gondii tachyzoites (rh isolate) in animal tissues but did not always label tissue cysts (me-49 isolate). the commercial antibody strongly cross-reacted with n. caninum tachyzoites, but mab 3f5 did not when the immunoperoxidase, immunofluorescence, ...19979194824
meningoencephalitis in capercaillie (tetrao urogallus l.) caused by a sarcocystis-like organism.a nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis, previously presumed to be toxoplasmosis, was found in 53 capercaillies (tetrao urogallus l.) examined at necropsy at the national veterinary institute, uppsala, sweden, between 1966 and 1985. pronounced meningitis and encephalitis with perivascular cuffs of mononuclear inflammatory cells as well as focal gliosis were prominent histopathologic findings. protozoa were frequently associated with these lesions. ultrastructurally, the protozoa appeared to divide ...19979365940
in vitro isolation and characterisation of a bovine neospora species in japan.eleven aborted bovine fetuses and five calves suspected as having neosporosis were necropsied and tissues from these animals were inoculated into bovine cardiopulmonary aortic endothelial cells and monkey kidney cells and maintained at 37 degrees c with 5 per cent co2. neospora tachyzoites were observed in one cell 49 days after inoculation. the isolated parasite (jpa1) was morphologically identical to the previously reported bovine neospora species (bpa1) and confirmed by its strong antigenic r ...19979368961
class-specific antibody responses in cattle following experimental challenge with sporocysts or merozoites of sarcocystis cruzi.an elisa using antigen produced from merozoites of sarcocystis cruzi was developed to monitor specific igm and igg antibody, following challenge of cattle with either merozoites or sporocysts of s. cruzi. this assay was compared with an elisa using antigen produced from the cystozoite stage of the parasite. both elisas were able to detect significant increases in levels of circulating igm and igg antibodies against sarcocystis in all challenged cows; however, the magnitude of the titres was grea ...19979404838
excystation rates and infectivity of sporocysts of sarcocystis cruzi exposed to different treatments and storages.the effect of some chemical and anatomical factors on the excystability and infectivity in cell culture of sporocysts of sarcocystis cruzi was investigated. a significantly (p < 0.001) higher excystation rate (er) occurred when sodium bicarbonate was added to the excysting fluid at concentrations between 0.075 and 0.3 m. sporocysts collected from different dogs had different er. in contrast, although not uniformly distributed along the intestinal lumen, the sporocysts collected from the differen ...19979477488
serological diagnosis of bovine neosporosis by neospora caninum monoclonal antibody-based competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.neospora caninum, a protozoan parasite closely related to toxoplasma gondii, causes abortion and congenital infection in cattle. to investigate specific methods of antemortem diagnosis, the antibody responses of infected cows were evaluated by immunoblot assay and competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ci-elisa) by using a monoclonal antibody (mab), mab 4a4-2, against n. caninum tachyzoites. mab 4a4-2 bound diffusely to the exterior surface of n. caninum tachyzoites and recogn ...19968735092
collagen cross-reactive antigen of sarcocystis cruzi.collagen cross-reactive antigenic substance(s) in sarcocystis cruzi cysts were examined with immunologic techniques using anti-bovine collagen type-specific, but non-species-specific, antibodies. by immunoperoxidase test, anti-bovine collagen type-specific, but non-species-specific, antibodies. by immunoperoxidase test, anti-bovine type iv collagen antibody showed higher reactivity to the cysts than other antibodies tested. cyst wall rupture was induced by collagenase treatment and digestion was ...19968792577
studies on pathogenesis, tissue infection and congenital transmission in cows experimentally infected with sarcocystis cruzi by various routes.a group of nine cows, naturally infected with sarcocystis, were challenged with sarcocystis cruzi: three intrarumenally with sporocysts, two intrarumenally with water (controls), two intravenously with merozoites grown in vitro and two intravenously with saline solution (controls). the animals intrarumenally challenged with sporocysts developed acute sarcocystiosis and produced stillborn calves, whereas those intravenously challenged with merozoites suffered from subclinical sarcocystiosis with ...19968893486
on the diagnostics of sarcocystis in cattle: sarcocysts of a species unusual for bos taurus in a dwarf zebu.sarcocysts from the musculature of a dwarf zebu born in a german zoo are described by light and transmission electron microscopy. in addition to the three named bovine sarcocystis species (sarcocystis cruzi, s. hominis, and s. hirsuta) a fourth species was found which was not previously reported from cattle. it mostly resembles sarcocystis gracilis rátz, 1909 from roe deer.19968988553
development of a polymerase chain reaction assay for the diagnosis of neosporosis using the neospora caninum 14-3-3 gene.neospora caninum is a recently described apicomplexan parasite which causes neuromuscular disease in dogs, and abortion and neonatal morbidity in cattle, sheep and horses. morphological similarities and serological cross-reactivity between n. caninum and the closely related parasite toxoplasma gondii, have resulted in the frequent misdiagnosis of neosporosis as toxoplasmosis. this report describes the isolation and characterization of an n. caninum cdna clone encoding a 14-3-3 protein homologue. ...19968992315
viability of the sporocysts of sarcocystis cruzi after exposure to different temperatures and relative humidities.the effect of temperature and relative humidity (rh) on the survival of sporocysts of s. cruzi were investigated in vitro. under all experimental conditions (temperature of 4 degrees c, 37 degrees c, or room temperature; rh of 18%, 75%, or 100%) some sporozoites retained their viability to excyst for at least 90 days. the best conditions for survival were 4 degrees c at 100% rh (more than 240 days) and 37 degrees c at 18% rh (more than 180 days). sporocysts maintained at room temperature at all ...19969017863
evaluation of commercial enzyme immunoassay (eia) and immunofluorescent antibody (fa) test kits for detection of cryptosporidium oocysts of species other than cryptosporidium parvum.a commercial enzyme immunoassay (eia) (prospect rapid assay), a direct immunofluorescence antibody (ifa) test for stool testing (merifluor cryptosporidium/giardia), and an indirect ifa test for environmental testing (hydrofluor-combo cryptosporidium/giardia) were evaluated for detection of low public health risk cryptosporidium oocyst isolates, and for c. parvum oocyst isolates from human and bovine feces that represent a high public health risk. there was no cross-reactivity of eia with ova of ...19968600765
systemic infection with an unidentified toxoplasma-like protozoan in a neonatal lichtenstein's hartebeest (sigmoceros lichtensteinii).an unidentified toxoplasma gondii-like disseminated infection was found in tissues of a 2-day-old hartebeest. protozoal tachyzoites were about 3.5 x 1.7 microns, had electron-dense rhoptries, and divided by endodyogeny. the organism did not stain with polyclonol antibodies to t. gondii, neospora caninum, or sarcocystis cruzi.19968636866
use of genomic dna probes for the diagnosis of acute sarcocystosis in experimentally infected cattle.two clones of 1.4 and 4.33 kilobase pairs (kbp) dna inserts, were selected from a sarcocystis cruzi sporozoite genomic library constructed in bacteriophage lambda gt10. these clones strongly hybridized with sporozoite and merozoite dna and were evaluated as probes for detection of merozoite dna in clinical samples. of five calves in the experiment, four were each orally dosed with approximately 200,000 s. cruzi sporocysts; one calf served as non-infected control. subsequently, blood was collecte ...19968638397
evaluation of two neospora caninum recombinant antigens for use in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of bovine neosporosis.neospora caninum is a recently described apicomplexan parasite which causes paralysis and death in dogs. neospora parasites also cause abortion and neonatal morbidity in cattle, sheep, goats, and horses, and neosporosis is emerging as an important cause of bovine abortion worldwide. the purpose of this study was to identify n. caninum cdna clones encoding antigens that would be useful for the immunodiagnosis of bovine neosporosis. two n. caninum tachyzoite cdna clones expressing antigens that we ...19968705668
toxicity and properties of the extract from sarcocystis cruzi cysts.the extract from sarcocystis cruzi cysts in bovine muscle was subcutaneously injected to mice, guinea pigs, chickens, and rabbits to detect its toxicity. only rabbits showed reactions after administration of the extract at a dose of 25 micrograms. the main clinical signs of the rabbits were depression, reduction in body temperature and intermittent diarrhea and the hematological findings observed were elevation in wbc, rbc, pcv, tp, bun, ast, aut and creatinine values and reduction in glucose, k ...19958720045
on the morphological diagnostics and host specificity of the sarcocystis species of some domesticated and wild bovini (cattle, banteng and bison).sarcocysts of sarcocystis cruzi, s. hominis and s. hirsuta were described and compared by means of light (lm) and transmission electron microscopy (tem) from cattle, bantengs (born in a zoo) and bisons (born in zoo). no morphological differences were observed in the three forms of sarcocysts from each of the three host species. the morphological criteria of the three species were discussed and, partly, newly defined. s. cruzi can easily be distinguished from the other two species. it shows 6-13 ...19958541889
immunodiagnosis of taenia saginata in cattle using hydrophobic antigens from t. hydatigena metacestode cyst fluid.hydrophobic fractions isolated from cyst fluid of taenia hydatigena metacestodes, obtained from naturally infected goats from tanzania, were used in an indirect elisa and in immunoblot (western or dot blot) procedures. the use of the most hydrophobic fractions of the cyst fluid proved to result in a better diagnostic discrimination in elisa than the more hydrophilic fractions. best diagnostic ratio between responses from t. saginata infected and non-infected cattle was achieved when using horse- ...19958541896
identification of opossums (didelphis virginiana) as the putative definitive host of sarcocystis neurona.sarcocystis neurona is an apicomplexan that causes equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (epm) in north and south america. horses appear to be an aberrant host, because the merozoites continually divide in the central nervous system, without encysting. the natural host species has not previously been identified. the small subunit ribosomal rna (ssurna) gene of s. neurona was compared to those of sarcocystis muris, sarcocystis cruzi, toxoplasma gondii, and cryptosporidium parvum to identify a unique ...19958544064
evaluation of a serological test system for the diagnosis of sarcocystis cruzi infection in cattle using s. cruzi merozoite antigen.fifty serum samples were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for antibodies directed against crude antigens isolated from cystozoites and merozoites of sarcocystis cruzi and sarcocystis tenella/sarcocystis arieticanis and merozoites of toxoplasma gondii. of these 50 samples, 25 were from cattle originating from an area where the prevalence of s. cruzi was found to be very low (9%) and in which no cystozoites were detected, and 25 were from cattle which were found by a digestion ...19948171820
specific amplification of sarcocystis cruzi dna using a randomly primed polymerase chain reaction assay.the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method to randomly amplify polymorphic dna (rapd) was used to differentiate between sarcocystis cruzi dna and bovine dna. this assay was also exploited to identify a s. cruzi dna fragment which may be useful as a probe. five primers ranging in length from 16 to 20 nucleotides were analyzed for their ability to direct the amplification of either bovine or parasite dna fragments. two primers, tga and tgd, preferentially amplified bovine dna in a mixture of s. cr ...19947725622
the wisent (bison bonasus, bovidae) as an intermediate host of three sarcocystis species (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae) of cattle.sarocysts were found in muscle tissue of a wisent (bison bonasus) which was born and kept in germany. light microscopic and tem examination revealed all the three named species known from cattle: sarcocystis cruzi ("thin-walled", with longer hair-like villar protrusions of the primary cyst wall); s. hirsuta ("thick-walled", with tongue-like protrusions of the cyst wall arising with very short and narrow stalklets from the surface of the cyst and containing rows of electron-dense granules in the ...19947927061
encephalomyelitis due to a sarcocystis neurona-like protozoan in a rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) infected with simian immunodeficiency virus.a captive-born rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) experimentally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus developed neurologic abnormalities approximately seven months postinoculation. a chronic necrotizing encephalomyelitis with intralesional protozoal schizonts was diagnosed histologically. the protozoa was identified as sarcocystis neurona based on its morphologic characteristics by light and electron microscopic examination, the developmental stages of the schizonts, and positive staining wit ...19947943553
survey of sarcocystis infection in cattle in east hokkaido, japan.the prevalence of sarcocystis infection was examined in older cows and imported cattle slaughtered in east hokkaido. samples of myocardial tissues were examined for sarcocystis microscopically. sarcocystis cysts were detected in 15.7% of 83 older cows, 48.4% of 91 imported cattle which were kept in east hokkaido prior to slaughter and 51.1% of 94 imported cattle slaughtered immediately after quarantine check. based on the morphology of the cyst wall and the establishment of infection in experime ...19947948391
preparation and applicability of sarcocystis cruzi antigens and their anti-s. cruzi rabbit sera for serodiagnosis of bovine sarcocystosis.sarcocystis cruzi antigens and their antisera were prepared for the seroimmunological diagnosis of bovine sarcocystosis. fresh s. cruzi cysts directly removed from cardial muscle of slaughtered cattle were digested with trypsin to release bradyzoites. by twelve cycles of freezing at-22 degrees c and thawing at 37 degrees c, bradyzoites were let to leach out soluble material. the soluble antigens were inoculated four times to rabbits at a dose of 343 micrograms protein and anti-s. cruzi sera were ...19947948400
experimental infection of raccoon dogs with sarcocystis cruzi and s. miescheriana.raccoon dogs were successfully infected with sarcocystis cruzi and s. miescheriana by oral inoculation of infected cardiac muscle of cattle and pigs slaughtered in saitama and okinawa prefectures, respectively. oocysts and sporocysts passed by raccoon dogs were similar in measurements and morphological features as reported of s. cruzi and s. miescheriana respectively. the prepatent and patent periods of both s. cruzi and s. miescheriana were 9 and 66-72 days respectively in raccoon dogs.19947999889
use of proteinase k in the excystation of sarcocystis cruzi sporocysts for in vitro culture and dna extraction.proteinase k was used for the cleaning of sarcocystis cruzi (apicomplexa) sporocysts prior to excystation. bovine pulmonary endothelial cell cultures inoculated with the excysted sporozoites remained free of bacterial contamination for the duration of the experiment and had high yields of merozoites. the excysted sporozoites also yielded genomic dna that could be labelled efficiently with 32p datp by the random priming method.19948030188
serological evidence implicating neospora species as a cause of abortion in british cattle.by means of an immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat), using in vitro cultured parasites as antigen, antibodies to neospora species at titres > or = 1/1280 were found in 11 of 120 scottish cattle that had recently aborted but in only one of 97 cattle from herds in which there had been no recent abortions (p < 0.01). the specificity of the antibodies was confirmed by the lack of cross reactivity between samples with high titres to neospora and toxoplasma antigen in a direct agglutination test, a ...19948036769
oligonucleotide probes complementary to variable regions of 18s rrna from sarcocystis species.sarcocystis is a large genus of cyst-forming coccidian parasites in the phylum apicomplexa (protista). stable rna was extracted from cystozoites of sarcocystis cruzi, s. tenella, s. fusiformis, s. gigantea and toxoplasma gondii. the partial sequences of the small sub-unit ribosomal rna (18s rrna) were determined by direct rna sequencing with reverse transcriptase. the rrna sequences were computer aligned with the published partial sequence of t. gondii, and three oligonucleotides complementary t ...19938145778
chronic sarcocystis infections in slaughtered cattle.parasitological, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were carried out on three slaughtered cattle with many nodules in all the striated muscles. at necropsy, many yellowish green rice-grain sized nodules including cheesy contents were observed in all the striated muscles. histopathologically the nodules were granuloma principally consisting of eosinophiles. no sarcocystis cysts nor bradyzoites were found in the nodules, but intact sarcocysts were found in the normal tissues su ...19938286527
sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction detection of toxoplasma gondii for veterinary and medical diagnosis.a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was developed for the detection of toxoplasma gondii. a universal- and a t. gondii-specific primer was used to amplify a region of the small subunit ribosomal rna gene. this approach allows for a theoretical detection limit of 0.01 zoite of t. gondii per sample assayed. experiments showed that this pcr method could detect 0.1 pg of t. gondii dna, which represents about one organism. polymerase chain reaction tests using dnas of cat, dog, swine, cattle, hu ...19938431804
equine protozoal myelitis in panamanian horses and isolation of sarcocystis neurona.schizonts of sarcocystis neurona were identified microscopically in hematoxylin-eosin-stained spinal cord sections from 2 native panamanian horses that exhibited clinical signs of equine protozoal myelitis (epm). spinal cord homogenate from a third panamanian horse with epm was inoculated onto monolayers of cultured bovine monocytes (m617). intracytoplasmic schizonts containing merozoites arranged in rosette forms surrounding a central residual body first were observed 13 wk postinoculation. par ...19921403437
ultrastructural and transmission evidence of sarcocystis cruzi associated with eosinophilic myositis in cattle.skeletal muscle, diaphragm, tongue, esophagus and heart of beef carcasses that were condemned for eosinophilic myositis and those that were unaffected were collected at an abattoir in colorado and studied to determine the involvement of sarcocystis spp. all affected carcasses contained similar granulomatous lesions with adjacent infiltrations of leukocytes. intact or fragments of sarcocysts were found within 32 of 363 granulomas, and whole sarcocysts were present in nearby unaffected muscle cell ...19921586892
development of genomic probes to sarcocystis cruzi (apicomplexa).a genomic library of sarcocystis cruzi sporozoite dna was constructed in bacteriophage lambda gt10. recombinant phages containing insert dna were selected by growth on escherichia coli strain c600 hfla150. of 14 clones examined, 11 contained dna inserts ranging in size from approximately 1.45 kilobase (kb) to 6.18 kb. insert dna from four of these clones specifically hybridized to 32p-labelled s. cruzi merozoite dna. one of these insert dna, clone sl41, was selected and labelled with 32p. this p ...19911837193
sarcocystis neurona n. sp. (protozoa: apicomplexa), the etiologic agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis.sarcocystis neuronan n. sp. is proposed for the apicomplexan taxon associated with myeloencephalitis in horses. only asexual stages of this parasite presently are known, and they are found within neuronal cells and leukocytes of the brain and spinal cord. the parasite is located in the host cell cytoplasm, does not have a parasitophorous vacuole, and divides by endopolygeny. schizonts are 5-35 microns x 5-20 microns and contain 4-40 merozoites arranged in a rosette around a prominent residual bo ...19911901359
sarcocystis canis n. sp. (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae), the etiologic agent of generalized coccidiosis in dogs.sarcocystis canis n. sp. is proposed for the protozoon associated with encephalitis, hepatitis, and generalized coccidiosis in dogs. only asexual stages are known in macrophages, neurons, dermal, and other cells of the body. the parasite is located free in the host cell cytoplasm without a parasitophorous vacuole; schizonts divide by endopolygeny. schizonts are 5-25 x 4-20 microns and contain 6-40 merozoites. merozoites are approximately 5-7 microns x 1 micron and do not contain rhoptries. the p ...19911907653
plasma and tissue concentrations and molecular forms of somatostatin in calves infected with sarcocystis cruzi.the effects of parasitic infection on plasma and tissue content of immunoreactive somatostatin (srif) were studied in 4-mo old male calves inoculated with the protozoan sarcocystis cruzi. because feed intake significantly decreased (70%) in infected calves around day 28 postinfection (pi), concomitant with the asexual replication of s. cruzi and outward expression of clinical signs, the relative contributions of infection and associated reduction in nutrition on plasma srif were evaluated. treat ...19901979766
continuous in vitro cultivation of sarcocystis cruzi.sporozoites of sarcocystis cruzi were inoculated onto monolayer cultures of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial (cpa) cells. sporozoites entered the cells, formed large and small multinucleate schizonts, and produced large numbers of merozoites. continuous cultivation from the original sporozoite inoculum has been maintained for more than 1,320 days by subinoculating merozoites onto new cultures of cpa cells. during this time, the capacity to produce both types of schizonts was preserved, and sc ...19902108236
immunodominant proteins of sarcocystis cruzi bradyzoites isolated from cattle affected or nonaffected with eosinophilic myositis.sarcocystis cruzi sarcocysts were isolated from eosinophilic myositis (em)-affected and nonaffected bovine hearts. isolates were ruptured and used to prepare a bradyzoite antigen extract from each heart. the nonaffected heart from one newborn calf contained no apparent sarcocysts when examined histologically and was used to prepare sarcocystis-negative control antigen. blood samples were taken from the heart approximately 20 minutes after slaughter. serum was obtained and evaluated, using a radi ...19902117869
immunofluorescent localization of sarcocystis cruzi antigens, igg and ige, in lesions of eosinophilic myositis in cattle. 19902128816
type-i hypersensitivity as a component of eosinophilic myositis (muscular sarcocystosis) in cattle.eight bovine hearts with lesions of eosinophilic myositis (em) and 2 bovine hearts without em lesions were collected at slaughter. blood samples from these 10 hearts, and the heart of a newborn calf also were collected. histologically, sarcocystis cruzi was identified in the 8 hearts with em lesions and the 2 hearts without em lesions, but not in the heart of the newborn calf. serum was harvested from the 10 blood samples and was used in homologous, modified, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests. ...19892496630
elevated igg antibody to sarcocystis cruzi associated with eosinophilic myositis in cattle.blood sera, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle from 24 bovine carcasses condemned for eosinophilic myositis by us department of agriculture meat inspection veterinarians were compared with similar specimens from 35 random carcasses passed for human consumption. fluorescence values determined by using a fluorometric immunoassay system were used to measure the specific antibodies to sarcocystis cruzi. the values were significantly elevated in carcasses condemned for eosinophilic myositis as compa ...19892518705
specificity and cross-reactivity of hybridoma antibodies generated against eimeria bovis sporozoites.spleens from mice immunized with eimeria bovis sporozoites were removed and the cells fused with mouse myeloma cells to produce hybridoma cell lines (hcls). the resulting hcls were examined for antibody (hab) production against e. bovis sporozoites using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test on air-dried sporozoites. four fusions resulted in the production of 19 hcls that produced habs to e. bovis sporozoites. these 19 hcls were further tested for reactivity with cell culture-grown merozoi ...19892672546
immunohistochemical diagnosis of neospora caninum in tissue sections.an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunoperoxidase staining method was developed to detect neospora caninum in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. specific antiserum to n caninum was made in rabbits and used to probe tissues from dogs naturally and experimentally infected with n caninum. the test detected tachyzoites and bradyzoites of n caninum. a reaction was not observed to toxoplasma gondii, hammondia hammondi, sarcocystis cruzi, s capricanis, s tenella, besnoitia jellisoni, ...19892694869
lysates of sarcocystis cruzi bradyzoites stimulate raw 264.7 macrophages to produce tumor necrosis factor (cachectin).lysate of sarcocystis cruzi bradyzoites induced raw 264.7 macrophages to release a factor that killed l 929 cells. rabbit antibody to murine tumor necrosis factor (tnf) inhibited this killing effect, indicating that the factor causing cell death was similar to tnf (also called cachectin). based on the present findings we hypothesize that tnf mediates, at least in part, the disease associated with this parasitic infection.19883135378
influence of parasitism on plasma concentrations of growth hormone, somatomedin-c and somatomedin-binding proteins in calves.a parasitic disease model (sarcocystosis) was used to study the effects of infection and associated plane of nutrition on gh and somatomedin-c (sm-c) patterns in plasma, and sm-c binding protein patterns in plasma from 4-month-old male holstein calves. calves, matched by age and rate of growth before the experiment, were divided into three treatment groups (n = 7). in the first (control), animals were uninfected and food was available ad libitum; in the second, animals were infected with sarcocy ...19882450946
identification of antigens of sarcocystis cruzi sporozoites, merozoites, and bradyzoites with monoclonal antibodies.sporozoites and culture-derived merozoites of sarcocystis cruzi were used to elicit monoclonal antibodies (mab's) in mice. some of these antibodies reacted with the surface of live sporozoites and merozoites as determined by immunofluorescence. an array of similar antigens was identified in western blots of sporozoites by both anti-merozoite mab's and an anti-sporozoite mab. at least 1 antigen in blots of bradyzoites was identified by anti-merozoite mab's and a cluster of antigens was identified ...19882458442
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