Publications

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growth kinetics of escherichia coli o157:h7 on the epicarp of fresh vegetables and fruits.despite the increasing reports on the incidence of fresh vegetables and fruits as a possible vehicle for human pathogens, there is currently limited knowledge on the growth potential of escherichia coli o157:h7 on different plant substrates. this study analyzed the selective adhesion and growth of e. coli o157:h7 on chili habanero (capsicum chinense l.), cucumber (cucumis sativus), radish (raphanus sativus), tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), beet (beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris), and onion (alliu ...201829037503
double function hydroperoxide lyases/epoxyalcohol synthases (cyp74c) of higher plants: identification and conversion into allene oxide synthases by site-directed mutagenesis.the cyp74c subfamily of fatty acid hydroperoxide transforming enzymes includes hydroperoxide lyases (hpls) and allene oxide synthases (aoss). this work reports a new facet of the putative cyp74c hpls. initially, we found that the recombinant cyp74c13_mt (medicago truncatula) behaved predominantly as the epoxyalcohol synthase (eas) towards the 9(s)-hydroperoxide of linoleic acid. at the same time, the cyp74c13_mt mostly possessed the hpl activity towards the 13(s)-hydroperoxides of linoleic and α ...201829325723
effects of exogenous application of cppu, naa and ga4+7 on parthenocarpy and fruit quality in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).in protected vegetable fields, plant growth regulators are often used to improve cucumber fruit growth. however, the effects of plant growth regulators on the appearance and nutritional quality of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) remain largely unknown. in the present study, 100 mg/l n-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-n'-phenylurea (cppu), naphthaleneacetic acid (naa) or gibberellin a4+a7 (ga4+7) was applied to the female cucumber flowers 1 day before anthesis and at anthesis. the cppu, naa and ga4+7 treatment ...201829146357
fine mapping of a male sterility gene ms-3 in a novel cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) mutant.the cucumber male sterility gene ms - 3 was fine mapped in a 76 kb region harboring an mmd1 -like gene csa3m006660 that may be responsible for the male sterile in cucumber. a cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) male sterile mutant (ms-3) in an advanced-generation inbred line was identified, and genetic analysis revealed that the male sterility trait was controlled by a recessive nuclear gene, ms-3, which was stably inherited. histological studies suggested that the main cause of the male sterility was ...201829134240
identification and mapping of ts (tender spines), a gene involved in soft spine development in cucumis sativus.using map-based cloning of ts gene, we identified a new sort of gene involved in the initiation of multicellular tender spine in cucumber. the cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) fruit contains spines on the surface, which is an extremely valuable quality trait affecting the selection of customers. in this study, we elaborated cucumber line nc072 with wild type (wt) hard fruit spines and its spontaneous mutant nc073, possessing tender and soft spines on fruits. the mutant trait was named as tender spi ...201829116330
differential scanning calorimetric and spectroscopic studies on the thermal and chemical unfolding of cucumber (cucumis sativus) phloem exudate lectin.in plants, chitooligosaccharide-binding phloem exudate lectins play an important role in the defense mechanism against parasites. here, we investigated the thermal and chaotrope-induced unfolding of cucumber (cucumis sativus) phloem exudate lectin (cpl). circular dichroism (cd) spectroscopic studies indicate that the secondary and tertiary structures of cpl are essentially unaltered up to 90°c. consistent with this, differential scanning calorimetric studies revealed that cpl is highly thermosta ...201828778525
raman imaging of plant cell walls in sections of cucumis sativus.raman microspectra combine information on chemical composition of plant tissues with spatial information. the contributions from the building blocks of the cell walls in the raman spectra of plant tissues can vary in the microscopic sub-structures of the tissue. here, we discuss the analysis of 55 raman maps of root, stem, and leaf tissues of cucumis sativus, using different spectral contributions from cellulose and lignin in both univariate and multivariate imaging methods. imaging based on hie ...201829370089
development of a high-throughput laboratory bioassay for testing potential attractants for terrestrial snails and slugs.invasive snails and slugs are among the most damaging pests of vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, grains, and forage throughout the world. current control strategies are focused almost exclusively on molluscicides, which are ineffective under some conditions, and which can have serious nontarget effects. a major aim of this study was to develop a generic high-throughput bioassay method for use in identifying attractants for terrestrial gastropods, with the overall goal of developing attractant-bas ...201829365140
high frequency plant regeneration from cotyledonary node explants of cucumis sativus l. cultivar 'green long' via adventitious shoot organogenesis and assessment of genetic fidelity by rapd-pcr technology.influence of cytokinins, silver nitrate (agno3) and auxins on plant regeneration from cucumber was investigated. the cotyledonary node explants were cultured on ms medium augmented with various concentrations (0.5-2.5 mg l-1) of 6-benzyl amino purine (bap) and kinetin (kin) for shoot bud induction. bap at 1.5 mg l-1 was found to be the best concentration for induction of high frequency of multiple shoots (98.4%). interestingly, maximum percent of multiple shoot regeneration (100%) as well as num ...201829354371
transcriptome analyses of mosaic (msc) mitochondrial mutants of cucumber in a highly inbred nuclear background.cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) has a large, paternally transmitted mitochondrial genome. cucumber plants regenerated from cell cultures occasionally show paternally transmitted mosaic (msc) phenotypes, characterized by slower growth, chlorotic patterns on the leaves and fruit, lower fertility, and rearrangements in their mitochondrial dnas (mtdnas). msc lines 3, 12, and 16 originated from different cell cultures all established using the highly-inbred, wild-type line b. these msc lines possess di ...201829330162
dissipation, pre-harvest interval estimation, and dietary risk assessment of carbosulfan, dimethoate, and their relevant metabolites in greenhouse cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).the dissipation behavior, pre-harvest interval estimation, and dietary risk assessment of carbosulfan, dimethoate, and their relevant metabolites were investigated in greenhouse cucumber in tianjin, northern china, to ensure raw consumption safety.201829327491
identification of conserved and diverse metabolic shift of the stylar, intermediate and peduncular segments of cucumber fruit during development.cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) is one of the most important vegetables and contains a high content of nutritionally beneficial metabolites. however, little is known about the metabolic variations among different parts of cucumber fruit and their kinetics during growth. in this study, the dynamic metabolic profiles in the stylar end, the intermediate segment and the peduncular end of cucumber fruit during the development were investigated by employing a non-targeted metabolomics approach, where 23 ...201829301359
persistence, dissipation and consumer risk assessment of a combination formulation of flubendiamide and deltamethrin on cucumber.multi-location supervised field trials were conducted in india at four locations of the all india network project (ainp) on pesticide residues to study the persistence, dissipation and risk assessment of flubendiamide and deltamethrin on cucumber (cucumis sativus). residues of flubendiamide and deltamethrin on cucumber resulting from three spray applications of a combination formulation (flubendiamide 90% + deltamethrin 60%, 150 sc) at recommended (22.5 + 15 g a.i./ha) and double the recommended ...201829279005
copper interactions on arsenic bioavailability and phytotoxicity in soil.arsenic (as) and copper (cu) are co-contaminants in the environment but little is known about their ecological impact as mixtures in soil. in this study, we investigated the combined as-cu interactions on toxicity and uptake as binary mixtures in 5 contrasting soils. the study included solubility, contaminant uptake and toxicity in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) as a model plant species. soils were spiked individually and as a mixtures at 10 different as levels (2, 4, 8 up to 1024mgkg-1). copper ...201829179146
proteomic insight into fruit set of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) suggests the cues of hormone-independent parthenocarpy.parthenocarpy is an excellent agronomic trait that enables crops to set fruit in the absence of pollination and fertilization, and therefore to produce seedless fruit. although parthenocarpy is widely recognized as a hormone-dependent process, hormone-insensitive parthenocarpy can also be observed in cucumber; however, its mechanism is poorly understood. to improve the global understanding of parthenocarpy and address the hormone-insensitive parthenocarpy shown in cucumber, we conducted a physio ...201729166853
spatiotemporal expression and substrate specificity analysis of the cucumber sweet gene family.the functions of sweet (sugar will eventually be exported transporter) proteins have been studied in a number of crops, but little is known about their roles in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), a model plant for studying stachyose metabolism and phloem function. here, we identified 17 cucumber sweet genes (cssweets), located on chromosomes 1-6, and classified them into four clades. two genes from each clade were selected for spatiotemporal expression, subcellular localization, and substrate specif ...201729163584
impact of postharvest exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid treatment on cucumber fruit in response to chilling tolerance.low-temperature storage is generally used to extend postharvest lifetime and to inhibit decay of cucumber fruit, but it also enhances the intensity of chilling injury. the capability of γ-aminobutyric acid to enhance antioxidant enzyme activities and reduce chilling injury was studied in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) fruit stored at 1 °c for 5 weeks. the purpose of this study was to define if the gaba-induced modification in antioxidant system and phospholipase activity is linked to the reduced ...201729158632
phytotoxicity of pyrethroid pesticides and its metabolite towards cucumis sativus.pyrethroid pesticides residues have been frequently detected in soils and have been recognized to contribute to soil toxicity. the phytotoxic impact of pesticides was evaluated in cucumis sativus (c. sativus) seeds. percentage of seed germination, root elongation, shoot length and leaf length were considered as endpoints to assess the possible acute phytotoxicity of soil by the exposure to pyrethroid pesticides (cypermethrin, deltamethrin and cyhalothrin) and its metabolite phenoxybenzoic acid ( ...201729156286
cslfy is required for shoot meristem maintenance via interaction with wuschel in cucumber (cucumis sativus).cucumber (cucumis sativus) is an agronomically important vegetable with indeterminant growth habit, in which leaves are produced from the shoot apical meristem (sam), and unisexual flowers are generated from the leaf axils. leafy (lfy) and its homologs have been shown to play important roles in promoting flower development and branching. the lfy homolog gene cslfy was cloned in cucumber. molecular biology, developmental biology and biochemical tools were combined to explore the biological functi ...201729274285
24-epibrassinolide-induced alterations in the root cell walls of cucumis sativus l. under ca(no3)2 stress.brassinosteroids (brs) can effectively alleviate the oxidative stress caused by ca(no3)2 in cucumber seedlings. the root system is an essential organ in plants due to its roles in physical anchorage, water and nutrient uptake, and metabolite synthesis and storage. in this study, 24-epibrassinolide (ebl) was applied to the cucumber seedling roots under ca(no3)2 stress, and the resulting chemical and anatomical changes were characterized to investigate the roles of brs in alleviating salinity stre ...201729243177
generation of highly potent organic fertilizer from pernicious aquatic weed salvinia molesta.utilization of salvinia molesta, an aquatic weed which is notorious for its allelopathy and invasiveness, has been explored by its vermicomposting. fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir) and plant bioassay tests were conducted to analyze the composition and fertilizer value of s .molesta vermicompost. germination and seedling growth tests were performed in soil supplemented with vermicompost at levels ranging from 0.75 to 40% by weight of the soil on three common food plants, ladies fin ...201729209963
silicon bioavailability in exocarp of cucumis sativus linn.scanning electron microscopy (sem) and electron probe micro-analyzer (epma) techniques have been used to detect the silicon bioavailability in the exocarp of warty cucumber surface. warts appear at the time of anthesis and are remnant part of spines/trichomes which on further fruit maturation abscised from the exocarp. results of epma and phytolith analysis clearly revealed that the surface of exocarp (fruit) of cucumis sativus linn. containing warts has greater quantity of silicon as compared t ...201729201586
global transcriptomic changes induced by infection of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) with mild and severe variants of hop stunt viroid.fifteen years after transfer to hops, hop stunt viroid-grapevine (hsvd-g) was replaced by hsvd-hop (hsvd-h), a sequence variant that contains changes at five different positions. hsvd-g54 is a laboratory mutant derived from hsvd-g that differs from its progenitor by a single g to a substitution at position 54. while infection by hsvd-h induces only mild stunting in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), hsvd-g54 induces much more severe symptoms in this indicator host. comparison of transcriptome profil ...201729312160
24-epibrassinolide alleviates organic pollutants-retarded root elongation by promoting redox homeostasis and secondary metabolism in cucumis sativus l.environmental pollution by organic pollutants (ops) has become a global concern due to its detrimental effects on the environment and human health. as plants are used to remediate contaminated sites, understanding the responses of plants to various ops and fortification of plant tolerance are of great significance. in this work, we studied the biochemical and molecular responses of cucumber plants to three well-known ops, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, chlorpyrifos and oxytetracycline in the absence or ...201728774551
new insights into the roles of cucumber tir1 homologs and mir393 in regulating fruit/seed set development and leaf morphogenesis.tir1-like proteins act as auxin receptors and play essential roles in auxin-mediated plant development processes. the number of auxin receptor family members varies among species. while the functions of auxin receptor genes have been widely studied in arabidopsis, the distinct functions of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) auxin receptors remains poorly understood. to further our understanding of their potential role in cucumber development, two tir1-like genes were identified and designated cstir1 ...201728747179
comparative rna-seq based transcriptome profiling of waterlogging response in cucumber hypocotyls reveals novel insights into the de novo adventitious root primordia initiation.waterlogging is a serious abiotic stress to plant growth because it results in the decline in the supplement of oxygen to submerged tissues. although cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) is sensitive to waterlogging, its ability to generate adventitious roots (ars) facilitates gas diffusion and increases plant survival when the oxygen concentration is decreased. to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that enable de novo ar primordia emergence upon waterlogging, the rna sequencing-ba ...201728747176
gravitropism interferes with hydrotropism via counteracting auxin dynamics in cucumber roots: clinorotation and spaceflight experiments.roots of land plants show gravitropism and hydrotropism in response to gravity and moisture gradients, respectively, for controlling their growth orientation. gravitropism interferes with hydrotropism, although the mechanistic aspects are poorly understood. here, we differentiated hydrotropism from gravitropism in cucumber roots by conducting clinorotation and spaceflight experiments. we also compared mechanisms regulating hydrotropism and auxin-regulated gravitropism. clinorotated or microgravi ...201728722158
identification of all homoeologous chromosomes of newly synthetic allotetraploid cucumis × hytivus and its wild parent reveals stable subgenome structure.allopolyploidy and homoeologous recombination are two important processes in reshaping genomes and generating evolutionary novelties. newly formed allopolyploids usually display chromosomal perturbations as a result of pairing errors at meiosis. to understand mechanisms of stabilization of allopolyploid species derived from distant chromosome bases, we investigated mitotic stability of a synthetic cucumis allotetraploid species in relation to meiosis chromosome behavior. the cucumis × hytivus is ...201728688040
expression analysis of argonaute, dicer-like, and rna-dependent rna polymerase genes in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) in response to abiotic stress.posttranscriptional control of gene expression can be achieved through rna interference when the activities of dicer-like (dcl), argonaute (ago) and rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdr) proteins are significant. in this study, we analysed the expression of seven ago, five dcl and eight rdr genes in cucumber under cold, heat, hormone, salinity and dehydration treatments using quantitative reverse-transcription pcr (qrt-pcr). all csago, csdcl and csrdr genes were differentially expressed under abiot ...201728674223
variation in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) fruit size and shape results from multiple components acting pre-anthesis and post-pollination.morphological, qtl, and gene expression analyses indicate variation in cucumber fruit size and shape results from orientation, timing, and extent of cell division and expansion, and suggest candidate gene factors. variation in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) fruit size and shape is highly quantitative, implicating interplay of multiple components. recent studies have identified numerous fruit size and shape quantitative trait loci (qtl); however, underlying factors remain to be determined. we exam ...201728623561
suppression of cucumber stachyose synthase gene (cssts) inhibits phloem loading and reduces low temperature stress tolerance.stachyose is the main transporting sugar in phloem of raffinose family oligosaccharides-transporting species. stachyose synthase (sts) is a key enzyme for stachyose biosynthesis, but the gene encoding sts is poorly characterized in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), which is a model plant for studying stachyose metabolism and phloem function. in this research, stachyose synthase gene (cssts) from cucumber was isolated and its physiological functions were analyzed. cssts expressed mainly in the phloe ...201728608281
solid-state fermentation for production of a bioherbicide from diaporthe sp. and its formulation to enhance the efficacy.in this study, a bioherbicide was produced by solid-state fermentation (ssf) using diaporthe sp. adjuvants were employed in a formulation to enhance the herbicidal activity towards the target (cucumis sativus). the study was divided into two steps: (1) the fermentation condition for bioherbicide production was assessed; (2) evaluation of different formulations containing palm oil, tween® 80 and span® 80, in order to increase phytotoxicity. in step 1, the maximum herbicidal activity (1.23% of the ...201728593519
comparative study of lectin domains in model species: new insights into evolutionary dynamics.lectins are present throughout the plant kingdom and are reported to be involved in diverse biological processes. in this study, we provide a comparative analysis of the lectin families from model species in a phylogenetic framework. the analysis focuses on the different plant lectin domains identified in five representative core angiosperm genomes (arabidopsisthaliana, glycine max, cucumis sativus, oryza sativa ssp. japonica and oryza sativa ssp. indica). the genomes were screened for genes enc ...201728587095
procoagulant serine glycoprotease from cucumis sativus l.: action on human fibrinogen and fibrin clot.upon examination of the fruit extract of cucumis sativus l. for its pharmacological benefits, it was previously observed that it has potential proteolytic, fibrinogenolytic and procoagulant activities. these properties can be attributed to the presence of the protease. in this regard, the present study comprised of purification and characterization of protease. purification of the enzyme involved ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. the purif ...201728555432
overexpression of the rubisco activase gene improves growth and low temperature and weak light tolerance in cucumis sativus.rubisco activase (rca) is an important enzyme that can catalyze the carboxylation and oxygenation activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), which is involved in the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle. here, we studied the effects of changes in rca activity on photosynthesis, growth and development, as well as the low temperature and weak light tolerance of rca overexpressing transgenic cucumber (cucumis sativus) plants. csrca overexpression increased the plant h ...201728543370
the solanum tuberosum kst1 partial promoter as a tool for guard cell expression in multiple plant species.to date, guard cell promoters have been examined in only a few species, primarily annual dicots. a partial segment of the potato (solanum tuberosum) kst1 promoter (kst1 partial promoter, kst1ppro) has previously been shown to confer guard cell expression in potato, tomato (solanum lycopersicum), citrus [troyer citrange (c. sinensis×poncirus trifoliata)], and arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). here, we describe an extensive analysis of the expression pattern of kst1ppro in eight (previously repo ...201728531314
a mutant in the csdet2 gene leads to a systemic brassinosteriod deficiency and super compact phenotype in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).a novel dwarf cucumber mutant, scp-2, displays a typical br biosynthesis-deficient phenotype, which is due to a mutation in csdet2 for a steroid 5-alpha-reductase. brassinosteroids (brs) are a group of plant hormones that play important roles in the development of plant architecture, and extreme dwarfism is a typical outcome of br-deficiency. most cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) varieties have an indeterminate growth habit, and dwarfism may have its value in manipulation of plant architecture and ...201728516384
adapting the vegetative vigour terrestrial plant test for assessing ecotoxicity of aerosol samples.plants, being recognized to show high sensitivity to air pollution, have been long used to assess the ecological effects of airborne contaminants. however, many changes in vegetation are now generally attributed to atmospheric deposition of aerosol particles; the dose-effect relationships of this process are usually poorly known. in contrast to bioindication studies, ecotoxicological tests (or bioassays) are controlled and reproducible where ecological responses are determined quantitatively. in ...201728502046
the association of changes in dna methylation with temperature-dependent sex determination in cucumber.cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) is characterized by its diverse and flexible sexual types. here, we evaluated the effect of low temperature (lt) exposure on cucumber femaleness under short-day conditions. shoot apices were subjected to whole-genome bisulfate sequencing (wgbs), mrna-seq, and srna-seq. the results showed that temperature had a substantial and global impact on transposable element (te)-related small rna-directed dna methylation (rddm) mechanisms, resulting in large amounts of chh-typ ...201728498935
unravelling cadmium toxicity and nitric oxide induced tolerance in cucumis sativus: insight into regulatory mechanisms using proteomics.nitric oxide (no) is a signal molecule that can mediate a wide range of physiological processes against cadmium (cd) toxicity in plants. however, little information can be used to reveal the global and systematic mitigative mechanism of no in improving cd stress tolerance of cucumber plants. in the present study, we used isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (itraq) analysis to identify 1691 proteins, which can be used to determine the role of no in regulating the molecular chang ...201728494308
comparative metabolic response between cucumber (cucumis sativus) and corn (zea mays) to a cu(oh)2 nanopesticide.due to their unique properties, copper-based nanopesticides are emerging in the market. thus, understanding their effect on crop plants is very important. metabolomics can capture a snapshot of cellular metabolic responses to a stressor. we selected maize and cucumber as model plants for exposure to different doses of cu(oh)2 nanopesticide. gc-tof-ms-based metabolomics was employed to determine the metabolic responses of these two species. results revealed significant differences in metabolite p ...201728493687
fine mapping identifies csgcn5 encoding a histone acetyltransferase as putative candidate gene for tendril-less1 mutation (td-1) in cucumber.next-generation sequencing-aided map-based cloning delimited the cucumber tendril - less1 ( td - 1 ) locus into a 190.7-kb region in chromosome 6 harboring a putative, novel-function candidate gene encoding a histone acetyltransferase ( csgcn5 ). the tendril initiated from the lateral meristem is an important and characteristic organ for the species in the cucurbitaceae family including cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). while the tendril has its evolutionary significance, it also poses a nuisance i ...201728466109
qtl mapping of domestication and diversifying selection related traits in round-fruited semi-wild xishuangbanna cucumber (cucumis sativus l. var. xishuangbannanesis).qtl analysis revealed 11 qtl underlying flowering time and fruit size variation in the semi-wild xishuangbanna cucumber, of which, ft6.2 and fs5.2 played the most important roles in determining photoperiod-dependent flowering time and round-fruit shape, respectively. flowering time and fruit size are two important traits in domestication and diversifying selection in cucumber, but their genetic basis is not well understood. here we reported qtl mapping results on flowering time and fruit size wi ...201728439621
a valid name for the xishuangbanna gourd, a cucumber with carotene-rich fruits.herbarium specimens deposited in publicly accessible collections are the basis for all scientific names because only permanent specimens can be re-studied by independent researchers, the very essence of science. re-investigations may be done with morphological, chemical, genomic, computer-tomographic, or other methods. based on new herbarium material, i here provide a name for the xishuangbanna gourd, a plant long cultivated in yunnan because of its large non-bitter fruits, rich in β-carotene. g ...201729033662
high light aggravates functional limitations of cucumber canopy photosynthesis under salinity.most crop species are glycophytes, and salinity stress is one of the most severe abiotic stresses reducing crop yields worldwide. salinity affects plant architecture and physiological functions by different mechanisms, which vary largely between crop species and determine the susceptibility or tolerance of a crop species to salinity.201729028871
calcium and calmodulin are involved in nitric oxide-induced adventitious rooting of cucumber under simulated osmotic stress.osmotic stress is a major form of abiotic stress that adversely affects growth and development of plants and subsequently reduces yield and quality of crops. in this study, the effect of nitric oxide (no) and calcium (ca2+) on the process of adventitious rooting in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) under simulated osmotic stress was investigated. the results revealed that the effect of exogenous no and ca2+ in promoting the development of adventitious roots in cucumber seedlings under simulated osmo ...201729021804
methyl jasmonate-induced emission of biogenic volatiles is biphasic in cucumber: a high-resolution analysis of dose dependence.methyl jasmonate (meja) is a key airborne elicitor activating jasmonate-dependent signaling pathways, including induction of stress-related volatile emissions, but how the magnitude and timing of these emissions scale with meja dose is not known. treatments with exogenous meja concentrations ranging from mild (0.2 mm) to lethal (50 mm) were used to investigate quantitative relationships among meja dose and the kinetics and magnitude of volatile release in cucumis sativus by combining high-resolu ...201728981785
overexpression of cslea11, a y3sk2-type dehydrin gene from cucumber (cucumis sativus), enhances tolerance to heat and cold in escherichia coli.as the group ii lea (late embryogenesis abundant) proteins, dehydrins (dhns) play an important role in plant growth and development, as well as in response to abiotic or biotic stress challenges. in this study, a dhn gene named cslea11 was identified and characterized from cucumis sativus. sequence analysis of cslea11 showed that it is a y3sk2-type dhn protein rich in hydrophilic amino acids. expression analyses revealed that the transcription of cslea11 could be significantly induced by heat an ...201728963660
genetic diversity and population structure of cucumis sativus l. by using ssr markers.the genetic variation, marker attributes and population structure was assessed in 104 genotypes of cucumber using 23 ssr primer pairs. the total number of alleles produced was 67 with an average of 2.91 per locus. allele frequency was in the range of 0.215 to 0.561 with mean value of 0.403, polymorphic information content ranged from 0.158 to 0.495 with the mean of 0.333, marker index ranged from 0.316 to 1.54 with an average value of 0.954 and resolving power ranged from 0.346 to 2.692 with mea ...201728955604
response of a predatory ant to volatiles emitted by aphid- and caterpillar-infested cucumber and potato plants.in response to herbivory by insects, various plants produce volatiles that attract enemies of the herbivores. although ants are important components of natural and agro-ecosystems, the importance of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (hipvs) as cues for ants for finding food sources have received little attention. we investigated responses of the ant formica pratensis to volatiles emitted by uninfested and insect-infested cucumber (cucumis sativus) and potato (solanum tuberosum) plants. cucumber ...201728951999
molecular characterization, expression analysis and heterologous expression of two translationally controlled tumor protein genes from cucumis sativus.the translationally controlled tumor protein (tctp) is a family of abundant and ubiquitous proteins involved in several important primary functions. cucumbers harbor two tctp genes, cstctp1 and cstctp2; however, their functional roles remain unclear. in this study, we isolated cstctp1 and cstctp2 (xp-004134215 and xp-004135602, respectively) promoters, full-length cdna and genomic sequences from cucumis sativus. bioinformatics analysis, containing cis-acting elements, structural domains, phyloge ...201728926624
bioremoval of zinc and manganese by bacterial biofilm: a bioreactor-based approach.industrialization has led to the disposal of a massive amount of heavy metals every year, showing perilous effects on humans, marine life and agricultural products. there are numerous chemical and biological approaches available but their implementation is limited due to high cost and low efficiency. therefore, the present study was focused on the biofilm- based bioremoval of heavy metals (zinc and manganese) using indigenous bacteria isolated from the tannery sludge obtained from ranipet, tamil ...201728915490
wilted cucumber plants infected by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum do not suffer from water shortage.fusarium wilt is primarily a soil-borne disease and results in yield loss and quality decline in cucumber (cucumis sativus). the main symptom of fusarium wilt is the wilting of entire plant, which could be caused by a fungal toxin(s) or blockage of water transport. to investigate whether this wilt arises from water shortage, the physiological responses of hydroponically grown cucumber plants subjected to water stress using polyethylene glycol (peg, 6000) were compared with those of plants infect ...201728911018
the expression of a candidate cucumber fruit sugar starvation marker gene cssef1 is enhanced in malformed fruit induced by salinity.the cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) gene cucumis sativus somatic embryogenesis zinc finger 1 (cssef1) was suggested to be a good marker gene for sugar starvation in fruit. the expression of this gene in fruits is dramatically upregulated in plants that have suffered either complete defoliation or prolonged darkness. cssef1 was initially discovered as a gene that was upregulated during somatic embryogenesis. we examined the difference in fruit parts and the effect of pollination on the upregulation ...201728878495
interactions between aluminium, iron and silicon in cucumber sativus l. grown under acidic conditions.aluminium (al) is one of the major stressors for plants in acidic soils, negatively affecting plant growth and nutrient balances. significant efforts have been undertaken to understand mechanisms of al tolerance in plants. however, little is known of the relevance of iron (fe) and silicon (si) nutrition under al stress conditions. the objectives of this study were to determine whether effects induced by fe and si are of importance for limitation of al moving via xylem in plants (cucumis sativus ...201728818756
genome-wide identification and transcriptional expression analysis of cucumber superoxide dismutase (sod) family in response to various abiotic stresses.superoxide dismutase (sod) proteins are widely present in the plant kingdom and play important roles in different biological processes. however, little is known about the sod genes in cucumber. in this study, night sod genes were identified from cucumber (cucumis sativus) using bioinformatics-based methods, including 5 cu/znsods, 3 fesods, and 1 mnsod. gene structure and motif analysis indicated that most of the sod genes have relatively conserved exon/intron arrangement and motif composition. p ...201728808654
genome-wide analysis of simple sequence repeats in bitter gourd (momordica charantia).bitter gourd (momordica charantia) is widely cultivated as a vegetable and medicinal herb in many asian and african countries. after the sequencing of the cucumber (cucumis sativus), watermelon (citrullus lanatus), and melon (cucumis melo) genomes, bitter gourd became the fourth cucurbit species whose whole genome was sequenced. however, a comprehensive analysis of simple sequence repeats (ssrs) in bitter gourd, including a comparison with the three aforementioned cucurbit species has not yet be ...201728690629
de novo comparative transcriptome analysis of genes involved in fruit morphology of pumpkin cultivars with extreme size difference and development of est-ssr markers.the genetic basis of fruit size and shape was investigated for the first time in cucurbita species and genetic loci associated with fruit morphology have been identified. although extensive genomic resources are available at present for tomato (solanum lycopersicum), cucumber (cucumis sativus), melon (cucumis melo) and watermelon (citrullus lanatus), genomic databases for cucurbita species are limited. recently, our group reported the generation of pumpkin (cucurbita pepo) transcriptome database ...201728435133
functional characterization of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) clade v mlo genes.powdery mildew (pm) causing fungi are well-known pathogens, infecting over 10.000 plant species, including the economically important crop cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). loss-of-function mutations in clade v mlo genes have previously been shown to lead to recessively inherited broad-spectrum resistance to pm in several species. in cucumber, one clade v mlo homolog (csamlo8) was previously identified as being a susceptibility factor to pm. two other closely related homologs (csamlo1 and csamlo11) ...201728431513
resurgence of cucurbit downy mildew in the united states: insights from comparative genomic analysis of pseudoperonospora cubensis.pseudoperonospora cubensis, the causal agent of cucurbit downy mildew (cdm), is known to exhibit host specialization. the virulence of different isolates of the pathogen can be classified into pathotypes based on their compatibility with a differential set composed of specific cucurbit host types. however, the genetic basis of host specialization within p. cubensis is not yet known. total genomic dna extracted from nine isolates of p. cubensis collected from 2008 to 2013 from diverse cucurbit ho ...201728861228
molecular mapping and candidate gene analysis for resistance to powdery mildew in cucumis sativus stem.powdery mildew (pm) of cucumber (cucumis sativus), caused by podosphaera xanthii, is a major foliar disease worldwide and resistance is one of the main objectives in cucumber breeding programs. the resistance to pm in cucumber stem is important to the resistance for the whole plant. in this study, genetic analysis and gene mapping were implemented with cucumber inbred lines ncg-122 (with resistance to pm in the stem) and ncg-121 (with susceptibility in the stem). genetic analysis showed that res ...201728873205
report - screening of the anti-hyperglycemic activity of some medicinal plants of jordan.diabetes represents a group of common diseases that are characterized by dysregulation of blood glucose levels. plants are traditionally used for management of diseases including diabetes. in this study, we screened the anti-diabetic effect of extracts of 21 plants grown in jordan. extracts of plants were screened for their antihyperglycemic activity. diabetes was induced in sprague dawley rats using alloxan. plant extracts were dosed at 1gm/kg. blood glucose was measured at baseline and at ever ...201728653938
repellent effects of different celery varieties in bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) biotype q.y-tube olfactometer and net cages experiments were used to investigate the repellent effects of different celery varieties in biotype q of sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), on cucumber, cucumis sativus l. (cucurbitaceae). y-tube olfactometer tests showed that whiteflies have strong repellent behavior to different celery varieties. intercropping different celery varieties with cucumbers had significant repellent effects and oviposition deterrent effects in ...201728431083
novel ribonuclease activity of cusativin from cucumis sativus for mapping nucleoside modifications in rna.a recombinant ribonuclease, cusativin, was characterized for its cytidine-specific cleavage ability of rna to map chemical modifications. following purification of native cusativin protein as described before (rojo et al. planta 194:328, 17), partial amino acid sequencing was carried out to identify the corresponding protein coding gene in cucumber genome. cloning and heterologous expression of the identified gene in escherichia coli resulted in successful production of active protein as a c-ter ...201728730304
comparison between the effects of potassium phosphite and chitosan on changes in the concentration of cucurbitacin e and on antibacterial property of cucumis sativus.cucurbitacins are mostly found in the members of the family cucurbitaceae and are responsible for the bitter taste of cucumber. pharmacological activities such as anti-bacterial and anti-tumor effects have been attributed to these structurally divers triterpens. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of potassium phosphite (kphi) and chitosan on cucurbitacin e (cue) concentration in different tissues of cucumis sativus. the antibacterial effect of plant ethanolic extracts was also e ...201728583179
screening and identification of cucumber germplasm and rootstock resistance against the root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita).root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp) are destructive agricultural pests that reduce the productivity of cultivated vegetables worldwide, especially when vegetables are cropped continuously in greenhouses. cucumbers (cucumis sativus l.), in particular, suffer extensive damage due to root-knot nematodes, and only a few wild species are known to be resistant. grafting of cultivated plants to rootstocks of known resistant germplasms could be an effective method to resolve this problem. in this stud ...201728407180
transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of cucumber fruit peels reveal a developmental increase in terpenoid glycosides associated with age-related resistance to phytophthora capsici.the oomycete, phytophthora capsici, infects cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) fruit. an age-related resistance (arr) to this pathogen was previously observed in fruit of cultivar 'vlaspik' and shown to be associated with the peel. young fruits are highly susceptible, but develop resistance at ~10-12 days post pollination (dpp). peels from resistant (16 dpp) versus susceptible (8 dpp) age fruit are enriched with genes associated with defense, and methanolic extracts from resistant age peels inhibit p ...201728580151
construction of agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated tomato black ring virus infectious cdna clones.tomato black ring virus (tbrv, genus nepovirus) infects a wide range of economically important plants such as tomato, potato, tobacco and cucumber. here, a successful construction of infectious full-length cdna clones of the tbrv genomic rnas (rna1 and rna2) is reported for the first time. the engineered constructs consisting of pcr-amplified dnas were cloned into binary vector pjl89 immediately downstream of a double cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter, and upstream of the hepatitis de ...201728109755
identification of root-secreted compounds involved in the communication between cucumber, the beneficial bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the soil-borne pathogen fusarium oxysporum.colonization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) is critical for exerting their beneficial effects on the plant. root exudation is a major factor influencing the colonization of both pgpr and soil-borne pathogens within the root system. however, the tripartite interaction of pgpr, plant roots, and soil-borne pathogens is poorly understood. we screened root exudates for signals that mediate tripartite interactions in the rhizosphere. in a split-root system, we found that root colonizat ...201727937752
holothurians antifungal and antibacterial activity to human pathogens in the persian gulf.pharmaceutical industries now accept that oceans contain a vast array of organisms with unique biological properties. as investigation of antimicrobial activity, three species of holothuria sea cucumbers (holothuria scabra, holothuria parva and holothuria leucospilota) from the persian gulf, iran, were obtained, their different organs: gonads (g), body wall (bw), intestine tract (it), respiratory tree (rt) were isolated and extracted with organic solvents: ethyl acetate and methanol. antifungal ...201727641487
movement protein of cucumber mosaic virus associates with apoplastic ascorbate oxidase.plant viral movement proteins facilitate virion movement mainly through interaction with a number of factors from the host. we report the association of a cell wall localized ascorbate oxidase (csao4) from cucumis sativus with the movement protein (mp) of cucumber mosaic virus (cmv). this was identified first in a yeast two-hybrid screen and validated by in vivo pull down and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (bifc) assays. the bifc assay showed localization of the bimolecular complexes o ...201727668429
paenibacillus polymyxa nsy50 suppresses fusarium wilt in cucumbers by regulating the rhizospheric microbial community.paenibacillus polymyxa (p. polymyxa) nsy50, isolated from vinegar residue substrate, suppresses the growth of fusarium oxysporum in the cucumber rhizosphere and protects the host plant from pathogen invasion. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nsy50 application on cucumber growth, soil properties and composition of the rhizospheric soil microbial community after exposure to fusarium oxysporum. bacterial and fungal communities were investigated by illumina sequencing of t ...201728198807
in situ generation of chlorine dioxide for surface decontamination of produce.fresh fruits and vegetables are frequently contaminated with bacterial pathogens and implicated in foodborne illnesses. the objective of this study was to develop a unique surface decontamination method for produce using sodium chlorite and an acid in a sequential treatment. the surfaces of cantaloupe rinds, peels of cucumbers, stem scars of grape tomatoes, and leaves of baby spinach were inoculated with salmonella or listeria monocytogenes at 5 to 6 log cfu/g, submerged in 1.6 to 4% sodium chlo ...201728272919
effect of plant resistance and bioact wg (purpureocillium lilacinum strain 251) on meloidogyne incognita in a tomato-cucumber rotation in a greenhouse.the effectiveness of combining resistant tomato with bioact wg (purpureocillium lilacinum strain 251, pl251) against meloidogyne incognita was assessed in a tomato-cucumber rotation in a greenhouse over 2 years. additionally, the enzymatic activity of the fungus, the percentage of fungal egg and juvenile parasitism, cardinal temperatures and the effect of water potential on mycelial growth and the soil receptivity to pl251 were determined in vitro.201727414251
nacl stress induces cssams gene expression in cucumis sativus by mediating the binding of csgt-3b to the gt-1 element within the cssams promoter.the cssams promoter is a salt-stress-inducible promoter containing three gt-1 elements that are sufficient for the salt-stress response. the transcription factor csgt-3b was found to bind to the gt-1 element. the s-adenosyl-l-methionine synthase (sams) gene is among the functional genes induced during environmental stress. however, little is known about the regulatory mechanism and upstream regulators of this salt-inducible gene in cucumber plants. thus, it is necessary to understand the charact ...201728074264
survival of salmonella newport on whole and fresh-cut cucumbers treated with lytic bacteriophages.salmonella enterica associated with consumption of cucumbers ( cucumis sativus ) has led to foodborne outbreaks in the united states. whole and fresh-cut cucumbers are susceptible to s. enterica contamination during growing, harvesting, and postharvest handling. the application of lytic bacteriophages specific for s. enterica was evaluated to reduce salmonella populations on cucumbers. unwaxed cucumbers ('lisboa' variety, or mini-cucumbers purchased at retail) were inoculated with salmonella new ...201728294684
effects of tussah immunoreactive substances on growth, immunity, disease resistance against vibrio splendidus and gut microbiota profile of apostichopus japonicus.tussah immunoreactive substance (tis) comprises a number of active chemicals with various bioactivities. the current study investigated the effects of these substances on the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. the specific growth rate (sgr) of tis-fed sea cucumbers was significantly enhanced, whereas no significant difference in sgr was observed between those soaked in antibiotics and those fed with basal diet only. tis also improved the immune response of the animals when given at a dose of 1 ...201728254498
a novel mkk gene (ajmkk3/6) in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus: identification, characterization and its response to pathogenic challenge.the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (mkks) are key components of map kinase (mapk) cascades and function as redox-regulated signaling factors in pathological and physiological processes. in this study, we identified a novel mkk3/6 gene in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus (designated as ajmkk3/6) by transcriptome database mining and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) approaches. sequence analysis and protein structure prediction showed that ajmkk3/6 is highly conserved as com ...201727988308
mir-137 modulates coelomocyte apoptosis by targeting 14-3-3ζ in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus.micrornas (mirnas) have emerged as key regulators in the host immune response and play a pivotal role in host-pathogen interactions by suppressing the transcriptional and post-transcriptional expression of target genes. mir-137, a well-documented tumor repressor, was previously found by high-throughput sequencing to be differentially expressed in diseased specimens of the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. in this study, we identified 14-3-3ζ protein (aj14-3-3ζ) as a novel target of mir-137 us ...201727832949
establishment of lysozyme gene rna interference system and its involvement in salinity tolerance in sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus).the lysozyme gene was silenced using rna interference (rnai) to analyze the function of lysozyme in sea cucumber under salt stress. the interfering efficiency of four lysozyme rnai oligos ranged from 0.55 to 0.70. from the four oligos, p-mir-l245 was used for further interfering experiments because it had the best silencing efficiency. peristomial film injection of p-mir-l245 (10 μg) was used for further interfering experiments. the lowest gene expression, determined by rt-pcr assay, in muscle, ...201728359949
effects of heat treatment on the gel properties of the body wall of sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus).the sensory texture of sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus) was dramatically affected by heat treatment. in this study, sea cucumbers were heated under different thermal conditions (hsc), and divided into five groups (hsc-80, hsc-90, hsc-100, hsc-110, and hsc-120) according to the heating temperature (from 80 to 120 °c). the changes in texture, moisture, gel structure, and biochemical parameters of the hsc were investigated. with increasing heating time (from 10 to 80 min), the hardness and gel ...201728298684
itraq reveals proteomic changes during intestine regeneration in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus.sea cucumbers have a striking capacity to regenerate most of their viscera after evisceration, which has drawn the interest of many researchers. in this study, the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (itraq) was utilized to investigate protein abundance changes during intestine regeneration in sea cucumbers. a total of 4073 proteins were identified, and 2321 proteins exhibited significantly differential expressions, with 1100 upregulated and 1221 downregulated proteins. our resul ...201728189057
metabolic responses to intestine regeneration in sea cucumbers apostichopus japonicus.sea cucumbers are excellent models for studying organ regeneration due to their striking capacity to regenerate most of their viscera after evisceration. in this study, we applied nmr-based metabolomics to determine the metabolite changes that occur during the process of intestine regeneration in sea cucumbers. partial least-squares discriminant analysis showed that there was significant differences in metabolism between regenerative intestines at 3, 7, and 14days post evisceration (dpe) and nor ...201728189056
floral strips attract beneficial insects but do not enhance yield in cucumber fields.natural enemies and pollinators require nutritional and habitat resources that are often not found in conventional agricultural fields. the addition of flowering plants within agroecosystems may provide the resources necessary to support beneficial insects at the local scale. we hypothesized that insect pollinator and natural enemy abundance would increase in cucumber (cucumis sativus) plots containing flower strips and that the effect would be greatest in the crop rows closest to the flower str ...201728334107
lead and cadmium contamination and exposure risk assessment via consumption of vegetables grown in agricultural soils of five-selected regions of pakistan.rapid urbanization and industrialization result in serious contamination of soil with toxic metals such as lead (pb) and cadmium (cd), which can lead to deleterious health impacts in the exposed population. this study aimed to investigate pb and cd contamination in agricultural soils and vegetables in five different agricultural sites in pakistan. the metal transfer from soil-to-plant, average daily intake of metals, and health risk index (hri) were also characterized. the pb concentrations for ...201727939659
draft genome sequence of bitter gourd (momordica charantia), a vegetable and medicinal plant in tropical and subtropical regions.bitter gourd (momordica charantia) is an important vegetable and medicinal plant in tropical and subtropical regions globally. in this study, the draft genome sequence of a monoecious bitter gourd inbred line, ohb3-1, was analyzed. through illumina sequencing and de novo assembly, scaffolds of 285.5 mb in length were generated, corresponding to ∼84% of the estimated genome size of bitter gourd (339 mb). in this draft genome sequence, 45,859 protein-coding gene loci were identified, and transposa ...201728028039
virulence structure within populations of pseudoperonospora cubensis in the united states.cucurbit downy mildew (cdm), caused by the obligate oomycete pseudoperonospora cubensis, has resurged around the world during the past three decades. a new pathotype or genetic recombinant of p. cubensis have been suggested as possible reasons for the resurgence of cdm in the united states in 2004. in total, 22 isolates collected between 2004 and 2014, mainly in the eastern united states, were tested for their compatibility with a set of 15 cucurbit host types. the virulence structure within the ...201728402210
effect of salt addition on acid resistance response of escherichia coli o157:h7 against acetic acid.a combination of salt and acid is commonly used in the production of many foods, such as pickles and fermented foods. however, in our previous studies, addition of salt significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of acetic acid against e. coli o157:h7 in laboratory media and pickled cucumbers. therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of salt addition on the acid resistance (ar) response of e. coli o157:h7 after treatment with acetic acid. the combined effect of acetic acid and ...201728400023
anticancer and cancer preventive compounds from edible marine organisms.a direct impact of food on health, which demonstrates that dietary habit is one of the most important determinants of chronic diseases such as cancers, has led to an increased interest of the consumers toward natural bioactive compounds as functional ingredients or nutraceuticals. epidemiological studies revealed that the populations of many asian countries with high consumption of fish and seafood have low prevalence of particular type of cancers such as lung, breast, colorectal and prostate ca ...201728392464
genome-wide analysis of microrna targeting impacted by snps in cucumber genome.micrornas (mirnas) are endogenous small rnas that play important regulatory functions in plant development. genetic variations in mirnas sequences or their target-binding sites (microrna-target interaction sites) can alter mirna targets in animal and human. whether these single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in plant are functional have not yet been determined.201728376783
mechanical adaptability of sea cucumber cuvierian tubules involves a mutable collagenous tissue.despite their soft body and slow motion, sea cucumbers present a low predation rate, reflecting the presence of efficient defence systems. for instance, members of the family holothuriidae rely on cuvierian tubules for their defence. these tubules are normally stored in the posterior coelomic cavity of the animal, but when the sea cucumber is threatened by a potential predator, they are expelled through the cloacal aperture, elongate, become sticky and entangle and immobilize the predator in a m ...201728373597
allergenic ingredients in facial wet wipes.allergic contact dermatitis commonly occurs on the face. facial cleansing wipes may be an underrecognized source of allergens.201728338538
the cytochrome p450 gene cscyp85a1 is a putative candidate for super compact-1 (scp-1) plant architecture mutation in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).the dwarf or compact plant architecture is an important trait in plant breeding. a number of genes controlling plant height have been cloned and functionally characterized which often involve in biosynthesis or signaling of plant hormones such as brassinosteroids (brs). no genes for plant height or vine length have been cloned in cucurbit crops (family cucurbitaceae). from an ems-induced mutagenesis population, we identified a super compact (scp) mutant c257 which was extremely dwarf due to prac ...201728303144
predictors of detected organophosphorus pesticides among orang asli children living in malaysia.increasing use of pesticides in agriculture to control pest may result in permanent damage to the environment and consequently cause harmful health problems especially among infant and children. due to pesticide's natural toxicity and its widespread use, it causes a serious threat to public health especially to this vulnerable group.201728283128
toxicity of combined mixtures of nanoparticles to plants.an increasing production and using of nanoproducts results in releasing and dispersing nanoparticles (nps) in the environment. being released into various environment components, nps may interact with numerous pollutants, including other nps. this research aimed at assessing toxicity of combined binary mixtures of nps. the study focused on assessing mixtures of nps believed to be toxic (nano-zno+nano-cuo) and nano-zno/nano-cuo with the ones that are insignificantly toxic or non-toxic nps (nano-t ...201728273569
molecular phylogeny of extant holothuroidea (echinodermata).sea cucumbers (holothuroidea) are a morphologically diverse, ecologically important, and economically valued clade of echinoderms; however, the understanding of the overall systematics of the group remains controversial. here, we present a phylogeny of extant holothuroidea assessed with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and bayesian approaches using approximately 4.3kb of mt- (coi, 16s, 12s) and ndna (h3, 18s, 28s) sequences from 82 holothuroid terminals representing 23 of the 27 widely-acc ...201728263876
smart actuators and adhesives for reconfigurable matter.biological systems found in nature provide excellent stimuli-responsive functions. the camouflage adaptation of cephalopods (octopus, cuttlefish), rapid stiffness change of sea cucumbers, opening of pine cones in response to humidity, and rapid closure of venus flytraps upon insect touch are some examples of nature's smart systems. although current technologies are still premature to mimic these sophisticated structures and functions in smart biological systems, recent work on stimuli-responsive ...201728263544
structures of two yellow dyes found in cucumbers pickled in soy sauce colored with tartrazine (y4).two yellow dyes, together with tartrazine (y4), were found in cucumbers pickled in soy sauce, for which the use of tartrazine is permitted, by tlc, lc-dad, and lc-ms. the retention times on lc chromatograms and the maximum absorbance wavelengths measured by lc-dad of the two dyes were different from those of tartrazine. mass spectra of the dyes indicated that these dyes lacked one sulfonyl group of tartrazine. the presence of two less sulfonated dyes in tartrazine has been reported. hence, the t ...201728260729
tackling saponin diversity in marine animals by mass spectrometry: data acquisition and integration.saponin analysis by mass spectrometry methods is nowadays progressively supplementing other analytical methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr). indeed, saponin extracts from plant or marine animals are often constituted by a complex mixture of (slightly) different saponin molecules that requires extensive purification and separation steps to meet the requirement for nmr spectroscopy measurements. based on its intrinsic features, mass spectrometry represents an inescapable tool to access ...201728251290
effects of melatonin on seedling growth, mineral nutrition, and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber under nitrate stress.in china, excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers in glasshouses leads to nitrate accumulations in soil and plants, which then limits productivity. melatonin, an evolutionarily highly conserved molecule, has a wide range of functions in plants. we analyzed the effects of melatonin pretreatment on the growth, mineral nutrition, and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber (cucumis sativus l. "jin you no. 1") when seedlings were exposed to nitrate stress. an application of 0.1 mmol/l melatonin significantly ...201728226188
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