Publications

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synthesis, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of glycosides of resveratrol, pterostilbene, and pinostilbene.the stilbene compound resveratrol was glycosylated to give its 4'-o-β-d-glucoside as the major product in addition to its 3-o-β-d-glucoside by a plant glucosyltransferase from phytolacca americana expressed in recombinant escherichia coli. this enzyme transformed pterostilbene to its 4'-o-β-d-glucoside, and converted pinostilbene to its 4'-o-β-d-glucoside as a major product and its 3-o-β-d-glucoside as a minor product. an analysis of antioxidant capacity showed that the above stilbene glycosides ...201727756183
non-crop plants used as hosts by drosophila suzukii in europe.the invasive spotted wing drosophila drosophila suzukii, a fruit fly of asian origin, is a major pest of a wide variety of berry and stone fruits in europe. one of the characteristics of this fly is its wide host range. a better knowledge of its host range outside cultivated areas is essential to develop sustainable integrated pest management strategies. field surveys were carried out during two years in italy, the netherlands and switzerland. fruits of 165 potential host plant species were coll ...201628275324
the binucleate cell of okapi and giraffe placenta shows distinctive glycosylation compared with other ruminants: a lectin histochemical study.the placenta of ruminants contains characteristic binucleate cells (bnc) with a highly conserved glycan structure which evolved early in ruminant phylogenesis. giraffe and okapi placentae also contain these cells and it is not known whether they have a similar glycan array. we have used lectin histochemistry to examine the glycosylation of these cells in these species and compare them with bovine bnc which have a typical ruminant glycan composition. two placentae, mid and near term, from giraffe ...201525527317
using contaminated plants involved in phytoremediation for anaerobic digestion.this study investigated the anaerobic digestion capability of five plants and the effects of copper (cu) and s,s'-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (edds, a chelator widely used in chelant-assisted phytoremediation) on biogas production to determine a feasible disposal method for plants used in remediation. the results showed that in addition to phytolacca americana l., plants such as zea mays l., brassica napus l., elsholtzia splendens nakai ex f. maekawa, and oenothera biennis l. performed well i ...201525397976
pokeweed antiviral protein: its cytotoxicity mechanism and applications in plant disease resistance.pokeweed antiviral protein (pap) is a 29 kda type i ribosome inactivating protein (rip) found in pokeweed plants. pokeweed produces different forms of pap. this review focuses on the spring form of pap isolated from phytolacca americana leaves. pap exerts its cytotoxicity by removing a specific adenine from the α-sarcin/ricin loop of the large ribosomal rna. besides depurination of the rrna, pap has additional activities that contribute to its cytotoxicity. the mechanism of pap cytotoxicity is s ...201525756953
of the importance of a leaf: the ethnobotany of sarma in turkey and the balkans.sarma - cooked leaves rolled around a filling made from rice and/or minced meat, possibly vegetables and seasoning plants - represents one of the most widespread feasting dishes of the middle eastern and south-eastern european cuisines. although cabbage and grape vine sarma is well-known worldwide, the use of alternative plant leaves remains largely unexplored. the aim of this research was to document all of the botanical taxa whose leaves are used for preparing sarma in the folk cuisines of tur ...201525890379
inhibition of human glut1 and glut5 by plant carbohydrate products; insights into transport specificity.glucose transporters glut1 (transports glucose) and glut5 (transports fructose), in addition to their functions in normal metabolism, have been implicated in several diseases including cancer and diabetes. while glut1 has several inhibitors, none have been described for glut5. by transport activity assays we found two plant products, rubusoside (from rubus suavissimus) and astragalin-6-glucoside (a glycosylated derivative of astragalin, from phytolacca americana) that inhibited human glut5. thes ...201526306809
pokeweed antiviral protein, a ribosome inactivating protein: activity, inhibition and prospects.viruses employ an array of elaborate strategies to overcome plant defense mechanisms and must adapt to the requirements of the host translational systems. pokeweed antiviral protein (pap) from phytolacca americana is a ribosome inactivating protein (rip) and is an rna n-glycosidase that removes specific purine residues from the sarcin/ricin (s/r) loop of large rrna, arresting protein synthesis at the translocation step. pap is thought to play an important role in the plant's defense mechanism ag ...201525635465
antibacterial effect of crude extract and metabolites of phytolacca americana on pathogens responsible for periodontal inflammatory diseases and dental caries.the oral cavity is the store house of different species of microorganisms that are continuously engaged in causing diseases in the mouth. the present study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial potential of crude extracts of the aerial parts of phytolacca americana and its natural compounds against two oral pathogens, porphyromonas gingivalis and streptococcus mutans, which are primarily responsible for periodontal inflammatory diseases and dental caries, as well as a nonpathogenic escheri ...201425241105
pokeweed antiviral protein alters splicing of hiv-1 rnas, resulting in reduced virus production.processing of hiv-1 transcripts results in three populations in the cytoplasm of infected cells: full-length rna, singly spliced, and multiply spliced rnas. rev, regulator of virion expression, is an essential regulatory protein of hiv-1 required for transporting unspliced and singly spliced viral transcripts from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. export allows these rnas to be translated and the full-length rna to be packaged into virus particles. in our study, we investigate the activity of pokewe ...201424951553
the glycoprofile patterns of endothelial cells in usual interstitial pneumonia.the pathological classification of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis has been a matter of debate and controversy for histopathologists.201425270010
antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties of amorpha fruticosa l. and phytolacca americana l.amorpha fruticosa l. and phytolacca americana l. are native plants for north america, but invasive for central europe and the mediterranean areas. previous investigation reported dpph radical scavenging activity of a. fruticosa seeds from mississippi river basin and p. americana berries from iran. the aim of the present study was to investigate methanol extracts from leaves and fruits of these invasive species growing in bulgaria for radical scavenging and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potenti ...201323772105
inhibition of japanese encephalitis virus infection in vitro and in vivo by pokeweed antiviral protein.pokeweed antiviral protein (pap) is a plant-derived n-glycosidase ribosomal-inactivating protein isolated from phytolacca americana. the antiviral activity of pap has been described in several viruses. this study was to investigate the antiviral activity of pap against japanese encephalitis virus (jev) infection in vitro and in vivo. antiviral activity of pap against jev infection was evaluated in vitro using plaque forming assay, qrt-pcr and western blot analysis. in vitro results showed that p ...201323142554
fungal inoculation and elevated co2 mediate growth of lolium mutiforum and phytolacca americana, metal uptake, and metal bioavailability in metal-contaminated soil: evidence from dgt measurement.fungal inoculation and elevated co2 may mediate plant growth and uptake of heavy metals, but little evidence from diffusive gradients in thin-films (dgt) measurement has been obtained to characterize the process. lolium mutiforum and phytolacca americana were grown at ambient and elevated co2 on naturally cd and pb contaminated soils inoculated with and without trichoderma asperellum strain c3 or penicillium chrysogenum strain d4, to investigate plant growth, metal uptake, and metal bioavailabil ...201323488012
[prevention and control of invaded plant phytolacca americana in sandy coastal shelter forests].the invasion of phytolacca americana has produced serious damage to the coastal shelter forests in china. in order to search for the effective measures for controlling the growth of p. americana, several plots in the robinia pseudoacacia forest invaded by p. americana to the relatively same extent were installed, and the measures of physical control (mowing and root cutting) and chemical control (spraying herbicides) were adopted to control the invasion of p. americana, taking the site with good ...201222803465
inhibition of pokeweed antiviral protein (pap) by turnip mosaic virus genome-linked protein (vpg).pokeweed antiviral protein (pap) from phytolacca americana is a ribosome-inactivating protein (rip) and an rna n-glycosidase that removes specific purine residues from the sarcin/ricin loop of large rrna, arresting protein synthesis at the translocation step. pap is also a cap-binding protein and is a potent antiviral agent against many plant, animal, and human viruses. to elucidate the mechanism of rna depurination, and to understand how pap recognizes and targets various rnas, the interactions ...201222773840
elevated co2 increases cs uptake and alters microbial communities and biomass in the rhizosphere of phytolacca americana linn (pokeweed) and amaranthus cruentus l. (purple amaranth) grown on soils spiked with various levels of cs.general concern about increasing global atmospheric co(2) levels owing to the ongoing fossil fuel combustion and elevated levels of radionuclides in the environment, has led to growing interest in the responses of plants to interactive effects of elevated co(2) and radionuclides in terms of phytoremediation and food safety. to assess the combined effects of elevated co(2) and cesium contamination on plant biomass, microbial activities in the rhizosphere soil and cs uptake, phytolacca americana l ...201222507353
poke weed mitogen requires toll-like receptor ligands for proliferative activity in human and murine b lymphocytes.poke weed mitogen (pwm), a lectin purified from phytolacca americana is frequently used as a b cell-specific stimulus to trigger proliferation and immunoglobulin secretion. in the present study we investigated the mechanisms underlying the b cell stimulatory capacity of pwm. strikingly, we observed that highly purified pwm preparations failed to induce b cell proliferation. by contrast, commercially available pwm preparations with b cell activity contained toll-like receptor (tlr) ligands such a ...201222238657
formation of tetrahydrocurcumin by reduction of curcumin with cultured plant cells of marchantia polymorpha.cultured plant cells of marchantia polymorpha, nicotiana tabacum, phytolacca americana, catharanthus roseus, and gossypium hirsutum were examined for their ability to reduce curcumin. only m. polymorpha cells converted curcumin into tetrahydrocurcumin in 90% yield in one day. time-course experiment revealed a two-step formation of tetrahydrocurcumin via dihydrocurcumin.201222574459
[antioxidative enzymes play key roles in cadmium tolerance of phytolacca americana].phytolacca americana l. has the capacity to take up and accumulate to very high levels heavy metals such as mn and cd, and is used for phytoextraction of heavy metal contaminated soils. the role of antioxidative enzyme of phytolacca americana in response to cd stress is unknown. the 6-week-old seedlings of phytolacca americana were exposed to half strength hoagland solution with 200 micromol/l cdcl2 or 400 micromol/l cdcl2 for 4 days. the content of h2o2 and mda, and electrolyte leakage increase ...201121634194
Regioselective glucosidation of trans-resveratrol in Escherichia coli expressing glucosyltransferase from Phytolacca americana.A glucosyltransferase (GT) of Phytolacca americana (PaGT3) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified for the synthesis of two O-ß-glucoside products of trans-resveratrol. The reaction was moderately regioselective with a ratio of 4'-O-ß-glucoside: 3-O-ß-glucoside at 10:3. We used not only the purified enzyme but also the E. coli cells containing the PaGT3 gene for the synthesis of glycoconjugates. E. coli cell cultures also have other advantages, such as a shorter incubation time compared w ...201122048846
growth and cesium uptake responses of phytolacca americana linn. and amaranthus cruentus l. grown on cesium contaminated soil to elevated co2 or inoculation with a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium burkholderia sp. d54, or in combination.growth and cesium uptake responses of plants to elevated co(2) and microbial inoculation, alone or in combination, can be explored for clean-up of contaminated soils, and this induced phytoextraction may be better than the natural process. the present study used open-top chambers to investigate combined effects of burkholderia sp. d54 inoculation and elevated co(2) (860 μl l(-1)) on growth and cs uptake by phytolacca americana and amaranthus cruentus grown on soil spiked with various levels of c ...201122074893
[cloning and expression of pokeweed antiviral protein gene from phytolacca amercana in pichia pastoris and the study of apoptosis of human neuroglioma cells u251 induced by recombinant pap].to clone the pokeweed anti-viral protein (pap) gene, to express it in pichia pastroris, and to study the inhibitory effect of pap on u251 in vitro.201121910345
common plant toxicology: a comparison of national and southwest ohio data trends on plant poisonings in the 21st century.data from the american association of poison control centers (aapcc) and the cincinnati-based drug and poison information center (dpic) were analyzed to determine the incidence and trends of human plant poisonings since the year 2000. approximately 3.4% of the approximately 4.3million annual calls to the aapcc centers involved plants, with a higher fraction (4.5%) for pediatric exposures. nearly 70% of plant exposures occurred in children under six. only 8% of cases required treatment in a healt ...201021034756
improvement of in vitro oocyte maturation with lectin supplementation and expression analysis of cx43, gdf-9, fgf-4 and fibronectin mrna transcripts in buffalo (bubalus bubalis).to optimize in vitro maturation (ivm) of quality oocytes for embryo production through ivf and scnt.200919629675
[antioxidative response of phytolacca americana and nicotiana tabacum to manganese stresses].plant species capable of accumulating heavy metals are of considerable interest for phytoremediation and phytomining. the mechanism of mn tolerance/hyperaccumulate in phytolacca americana l. is less known. to elucidate the role of antioxidative enzyme in response to mn, the 6-week-old seedling of mn hyperaccumulator p. americana and non-accumulator-tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) were exposed to half strength hoagland solution with 1 mmol x l(-1) or 3 mmol x l(-1) mncl2 for 4 days. the photosyntheti ...200920187406
bioactive triterpene saponins from the roots of phytolacca americana.five new triterpene saponins named phytolaccasaponins n-1 (1), n-2 (2), n-3 (3) n-4 (4), and n-5 (5) were isolated from the roots of phytolacca americana together with seven known triterpene saponins (6-12). the structures of the five new saponins were established as shown in structures 1-5 on the basis of their spectroscopic data. the mdr-reversal activity of 1-12 was evaluated on the basis of the amount of calcein accumulated in mdr human ovarian cancer 2780 ad cells in the presence of each co ...200818177012
expression of pokeweed antiviral protein in mammalian cells activates c-jun nh2-terminal kinase without causing apoptosis.pokeweed antiviral protein (pap) is a ribosome inactivating protein isolated from the pokeweed plant (phytolacca americana l.) that exhibits broad range antiviral activity against several human viruses including hiv and influenza. this characteristic suggests that pap may have therapeutic applications; however, it is not known whether the protein elicits a ribotoxic stress response that would result in cell death. therefore, we expressed pap in 293t cells and showed that the enzyme did not inhib ...200818573678
depurination of brome mosaic virus rna3 in vivo results in translation-dependent accelerated degradation of the viral rna.pokeweed antiviral protein (pap) is a ribosome-inactivating protein isolated from the pokeweed plant (phytolacca americana) that exhibits antiviral activity against several plant and animal viruses. we have shown previously that pap depurinates brome mosaic virus (bmv) rnas in vitro and that prior incubation of these rnas with pap reduced their synthesis in barley protoplasts. to investigate the post-transcriptional effect of pap on viral rna in vivo, we transcribed bmv rna3 and expressed pap in ...200818815133
interferon gamma production in the course of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.it is not clear why some individuals with unknown predisposition develop tuberculosis, while others remain healthy in spite of heavy exposure. interferon gamma (ifngamma) is considered to be the key cytokine responsible for resistance to m. tuberculosis infection, as confirmed by increased susceptibility to mycobacterial infections in rare inherited defects in il-12-ifngamma axis. the aim of this study was to assess the ifngamma production by peripheral blood lymphocytes from immunocompetent tub ...200819218702
transcriptional control of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in the caryophyllales.anthocyanins and betacyanins, two types of red pigment, have never been found to occur together in plants. although anthocyanins are widely distributed in higher plants, betacyanins have replaced anthocyanins in the caryophyllales. the accumulation of flavonols in the caryophyllales suggests that the step(s) of anthocyanin biosynthesis from dihydroflavonols to anthocyanins could be blocked in the caryophyllales. dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (dfr) and anthocyanidin synthase (ans) cdnas were isolat ...200717185736
trypsin inhibitors from the garden four o'clock (mirabilis jalapa) and spinach (spinacia oleracea) seeds: isolation, characterization and chemical synthesis.five serine proteinase inhibitors (mirabilis jalapa trypsin inhibitors, mjti i and ii and spinacia oleracea trypsin inhibitors, soti i, ii, and iii) from the garden four-o'clock (m. jalapa) and spinach (s. oleracea) seeds were isolated. the purification procedures included affinity chromatography on immobilized methylchymotrypsin in the presence of 5m nacl, ion exchange chromatography and/or preparative electrophoresis, and finally rp-hplc on a c-18 column. the inhibitors, crosslinked by three d ...200717481678
comparison of solid and liquid forms of homeopathic remedies for tonsillitis.the efficacy of three plants used in homeopathy to treat acute tonsillitis was evaluated. a fixed combination of three plant substances (phytolacca americana, guajacum officinale, capsicum annuum) was used in either solid (tablet) or liquid (drop) formulation: 107 patients were treated and no antibiotics were used. the objective and subjective symptoms of acute tonsillitis were noted. a significant decrease in symptoms was observed as early as 2.5 days after treatment startup; no serious adverse ...200610351119
pokeweed antiviral protein inhibits brome mosaic virus replication in plant cells.pokeweed antiviral protein (pap) is a ribosome-inactivating protein isolated from the pokeweed plant (phytolacca americana) that inhibits the proliferation of several plant and animal viruses. we have shown previously that pap and nontoxic mutants of pap can directly depurinate brome mosaic virus (bmv) rna in vitro, resulting in reduced viral protein translation. here we expand on these initial studies and, using a barley protoplast system, demonstrate that recombinant pap and nontoxic mutants i ...200515764597
summer weeds as hosts for frankliniella occidentalis and frankliniella fusca (thysanoptera: thripidae) and as reservoirs for tomato spotted wilt tospovirus in north carolina.in north carolina, tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (family bunyaviridae, genus tospovirus, tswv) is vectored primarily by the tobacco thrips, frankliniella fusca (hinds), and the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae). tswv overwinters in winter annual weeds from which it is spread to susceptible crops in spring. because most susceptible crops are destroyed after harvest before winter weeds emerge in the fall, infected summer weeds are thought to be ...200516539098
phytolacca americana inhibits the high glucose-induced mesangial proliferation via suppressing extracellular matrix accumulation and tgf-beta production.this study describes a potential of phytolaccaceae (phytolacca americana var.) as an inhibitor of high glucose-stimulated production of extracellular matrix (ecm) proteins and tgf-beta in cultured glomerular mesangial cells (gmcs). raising the ambient glucose concentration for 24 hrs caused a dose-dependent increase in [3h]thymidine incorporation of gmcs, and the maximal response was achieved at 20 mm. phytolaccaceae extracts (2.5-20 microg/ml) inhibited the high glucose-induced [3h]thymidine in ...200415070169
a 13-week subchronic intravaginal toxicity study of pokeweed antiviral protein in mice.pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a 29-kda plant-derived protein isolated from phytolacca americana, is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent. pap shows unique clinical potential to become the active ingredient of a non-spermicidal microbicide because of its potent in vivo anti-hiv activity, non-interference with in vivo sperm functions, and lack of cytotoxicity to genital tract epithelial cells. over 13 weeks the subchronic and reproductive toxicity potential of an intravaginally administered gel fo ...200415185849
mucosal toxicity studies of a gel formulation of native pokeweed antiviral protein.pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a 29-kda plant-derived protein isolated from phytolacca americana, is a promising nonspermicidal broad-spectrum antiviral microbicide. this study evaluated the mucosal toxicity potential of native pap in the in vivo rabbit vaginal irritation model as well as the in vitro reconstituted human vaginal epithelial tissue model. twenty-two new zealand white rabbits in 4 subgroups were exposed intravaginally to a gel with and without 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0% native pap for 1 ...200415200159
alpha-spinasterol isolated from the root of phytolacca americana and its pharmacological property on diabetic nephropathy.based on an inhibitory activity-guided fractionation for the high glucose-induced proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells (gmcs), chloroform extracts of the roots of phytolacca americana were found to contain alpha-spinasterol (c (29)h (48)o), a delta (7)-sterol. this phytosterol proved to be a potent inhibitor (ic (50) = 3.9 x 10 (-12) g/ml, 9.5 pmol/l) of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation caused by high-ambient glucose (5.6 mm vs. 25 mm), and its inhibitory potency was about 1,000 ti ...200415326549
lectin histochemistry of normal human lung.this study aimed to identify and specify the glycotypes of cell populations in normal human lung including types i and ii pneumocytes, alveolar macrophages and mast cells, and also in the larger tissue structures of lung, including blood vessels and bronchi/bronchioles, using lectin- and immuno-histochemistry on paraffin-embedded tissue from 11 normal cases. the alveolar macrophages were anti-cd68 positive whereas the cells lining the alveolar walls were positive for cytokeratins. the alveolar m ...200415328919
isolation and characterisation of a cysteine protease (phytolacain g), from phytolacca americana roots.protein extracts obtained from dried and fresh roots of phytolacca americana l. (phytolaccaceae) were examined in order to identify and characterise individual proteins. the extracts were compared with a commercial pokeweed mitogen standard using sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). a dominant protein, present in both the extracts and the pokeweed mitogen standard, was isolated by subsequent ammonium sulphate fractionation, anion exchange chromatography, gel filtration and sds-page ...200415490323
dihydroflavonol 4-reductase cdna from non-anthocyanin-producing species in the caryophyllales.two types of red pigment, anthocyanins and betacyanins, never occur together in the same plant. although anthocyanins are widely distributed in higher plants as flower and fruit pigments, betacyanins have replaced anthocyanins in the caryophyllales. we isolated cdnas encoding dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (dfr), which is the first enzyme committed to anthocyanin biosynthesis in the flavonoid pathway, from spinacia oleracea and phytolacca americana, plants that belong to the caryophyllales. the ded ...200415509852
cytotoxic activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh)-pokeweed antiviral protein conjugates in cell lines expressing gnrh receptors.pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a 29-kda ribosome-inactivating protein isolated from the leaves of phytolacca americana, has potent cytotoxic activity once it enters the cytoplasm of a cell. it is incapable of entering cells by itself. therefore, our objective was to determine whether a gnrh analog could be used to deliver pap specifically to cells expressing gnrh receptors. d-lys(6)-gnrh-pro(9)-ethylamide was conjugated to pap (gnrh-pap). chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with cd ...200312639929
high resolution x-ray structure of potent anti-hiv pokeweed antiviral protein-iii.pokeweed antiviral protein iii (pap-iii), a naturally occurring protein isolated from late summer leaves of the pokeweed plant (phytolacca americana), has potent anti-hiv activity by an as yet undetermined molecular mechanism. pap-iii belongs to a family of ribosome-inactivating proteins that catalytically deadenylate ribosomal and viral rna. the chemical modification of pap-iii by reductive methylation of its lysine residues significantly improved the crystal quality for x-ray diffraction studi ...200312754107
a fluoroquinolone induces a novel mitogen-encoding bacteriophage in streptococcus canis.this study investigated whether the recently recognized emergence of canine streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (stss) and necrotizing fasciitis (nf) might be partly attributed to the use of fluoroquinolones to treat streptococcus canis infections in dogs. both mitomycin and the fluoroquinolone enrofloxacin caused bacteriophage-induced lysis of s. canis strain 34, an isolate from a case of canine stss and nf. fluoroquinolone-evoked, bacteriophage-induced lysis occurred over a range of concentrati ...200312761079
structures of 1,4-benzodioxane derivatives from the seeds of phytolacca americana and their neuritogenic activity in primary cultured rat cortical neurons.the methanol extract of the seeds of phytolacca americana was reinvestigated to yield three new 1,4-benzodioxane-type compounds, americanoic acid methyl ester (1), isoamericanoic acid a methyl ester (2), and 9'-o-methylamericanol a (3) along with the previously isolated neolignans 6-9. the structures of 1-3 were characterized by 2d nmr and long-range selective proton-decoupling (lspd) techniques. the neuritogenic effects of compounds 1-3, and dicarboxilic acids 4 and 5, which had been previously ...200314646313
expression of glucosamine trisaccharides on the rat uterine surface is altered by clomiphene citrate. iii. relationship with implantation regimes and pregnancy.the present study further elucidates the complex effects of a commonly-prescribed fertility drug upon a target organ in an animal model. in the human condition, its effects are rarely observed without the influence of endogenous ovarian hormones. the aim of the study was to investigate how the administration of a single dose of clomiphene citrate (cc) given prior to an implantation-priming sequence of ovarian hormones would affect the expression of surface oligosaccharides and membrane architect ...200314656006
enhancement of heparin and heparin disaccharide absorption by the phytolacca americana saponins.we studied the effects of phytolaccosides, saponins from phytolacca americana, on the intestinal absorption of heparin in vitro and in vivo. the absorption enhancing activity of these compounds (phytolaccosides b, d2, e, f, g and i) was determined by changes in transepithelial electrical resistance (teer) and the transport amount of heparin disaccharide, the major repeating unit of heparin, across caco-2 cell monolayers. with the exception of phytolaccoside g, all of them decreased teer values a ...200314723347
isolation and characterization of a novel ribosome-inactivating protein from root cultures of pokeweed and its mechanism of secretion from roots.ribosome-inactivating proteins are n-glycosidases that remove a specific adenine from the sarcin/ricin loop of the large rrna, thus arresting protein synthesis at the translocation step. in the present study, a novel type i ribosome-inactivating protein, termed pap-h, was purified from agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed hairy roots of pokeweed (phytolacca americana). the protein was purified by anion- and cation-exchange chromatography. pap-h has a molecular mass of 29.5 kd as detected by sodi ...200212226497
pokeweed antiviral protein binds to the cap structure of eukaryotic mrna and depurinates the mrna downstream of the cap.several cap-binding proteins from both the nucleus and cytosol have been identified that mediate processes such as pre-mrna splicing, translation initiation, and mrna turnover. here we describe a novel cap-binding protein, pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a 29-kda type i ribosome-inactivating protein (rip) isolated from phytolacca americana. in addition to depurinating the sarcin/ricin loop of the large rrna, an activity common to all rips, we have reported recently that pap depurinates capped, ...200212358434
exudation of fluorescent beta-carbolines from oxalis tuberosa l roots.root fluorescence is a phenomenon in which roots of seedlings fluoresce when irradiated with ultraviolet (uv) light. soybean (glycine max) and rye grass (elymus glaucus) are the only plant species that have been reported to exhibit this occurrence in germinating seedling roots. the trait has been useful as a marker in genetic, tissue culture and diversity studies, and has facilitated selection of plants for breeding purposes. however, the biological significance of this occurrence in plants and ...200212409020
genomic clones encoding two isoforms of pokeweed antiviral protein in seeds (pap-s1 and s2) and the n-glycosidase activities of their recombinant proteins on ribosomes and dna in comparison with other isoforms.pokeweed antiviral proteins (paps) are single-chain ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) isolated from several organs of phytolacca americana (pokeweed) that are characterized by their ability to depurinate not only ribosomes but also various nucleic acids. pap-s is one of the isoforms found in seeds. in this study, we obtained three different genomic clones encoding two forms of pap-s (here designated as pap-s1 and pap-s2) and alpha-pap after pcr using a pair of degenerated primers based on th ...200211820936
pokeweed antiviral protein regulates the stability of its own mrna by a mechanism that requires depurination but can be separated from depurination of the alpha-sarcin/ricin loop of rrna.pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a single chain ribosome-inactivating protein (rip) isolated from pokeweed plants (phytolacca americana), removes specific adenine and guanine residues from the highly conserved, alpha-sarcin/ricin loop in the large rrna, resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis. we recently demonstrated that pap could also inhibit translation of mrnas and viral rnas that are capped by binding to the cap structure and depurinating the rnas downstream of the cap. cell growth i ...200212171922
pokeweed antiviral protein: a potential nonspermicidal prophylactic antiviral agent.to investigate the effects of pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a 29-kda anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) protein purified from the leaves of phytolacca americana, on human sperm function.200111163824
effect of pretreatment of semen with pokeweed antiviral protein on pregnancy outcome in the rabbit model.to determine whether artificial insemination of semen pretreated with pokeweed antiviral protein, a 29-kd antihuman immunodeficiency virus (hiv) protein purified from the leaves of phytolacca americana, has any adverse effects on pregnancy outcome in the rabbit model.200111591423
proteins isolated from lucerne roots by affinity chromatography with sugars analogous to nod factor moieties.nod factors are important elicitors in legume-bacterium symbiosis. any candidate plant receptor(s) for these lipo-oligosaccharides can be expected to show some lectin-like properties. a novel protein (p60), a native tetramer with 60 kda monomers, has been isolated from a membrane fraction of medicago sativa (lucerne, alfalfa) roots by using affinity chromatography with either glcnac or n,n', n"-triacetyl-(1-->4)-beta-d-chitotriose [(glcnac)(3)] grafted to agarose beads as the matrix and, in a se ...200010620502
expression of biologically active recombinant pokeweed antiviral protein in methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris.pokeweed antiviral protein (pap)-i from the spring leaves of phytolacca americana is a naturally occurring rna-depurinating enzyme with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. interest in pap is growing due to its use as a potential anti-hiv agent. however, the clinical use of native pap is limited due to inherent difficulties in obtaining sufficient quantities of homogeneously pure active pap without batch-to-batch variation from its natural resource. here, we report the expression of mature pap (re ...200010686150
cytotoxic activity of a recombinant gnrh-pap fusion toxin on human tumor cell lines.pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a ribosome-inactivating protein isolated from the leaves of phytolacca americana, reveals potent antiviral activity against viruses or cytotoxic action against cells once inside the cytoplasm. therefore pap is a good candidate to be used as an immunotoxin. we constructed a bacterial expression plasmid encoding pap as a fusion protein with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh), a neuropeptide with receptor sites on several gynaecologic tumors. the resulting recom ...200010788619
chromatographic separation of a small subunit (psbw/psay) and its assignment to photosystem i reaction center.by using a hydroxyapatite column, the five major photosystem i (psi) subunits (psaa,-b,-c,-d,-e) solubilized by sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) were fractionated from a spinach psi reaction center preparation. another small (5-6 kda) polypeptide was also separated, and purified to homogeneity. mass spectroscopy yielded its molecular weight to be 5942 +/- 10. this polypeptide had an n-terminal sequence homologous to those of previously reported 5-kda subunits from spinach and wheat and a 6.1-kda sub ...200010924904
expression of glucosamine trisaccharides on the rat uterine surface is altered by clomiphene citrate. ii. combination with ovarian hormones.we used a single administration of clomiphene citrate (cc), a synthetic oestrogen that is prescribed for infertility treatment, in combination with either a single administration of oestradiol 17beta (e2) or progesterone (p4) to assess the combined effects of these hormones on the uterine surface. the aim of these experiments was to investigate how cc in combination with these hormones affected both expression of oligosaccharides on the uterine surface and membrane architecture further elucidati ...200010990068
amino acid sequence and some properties of phytolacain g, a cysteine protease from growing fruit of pokeweed, phytolacca americana.a protease, phytolacain g, has been found to appear on cm-sepharose ion-exchange chromatography of greenish small-size fruits of pokeweed, phytolacca americana l, from ca. 2 weeks after flowering, and increases during fruit enlargement. reddish ripe fruit of the pokeweed contained both phytolacain g and r. the molecular mass of phytolacain g was estimated to be 25.5 kda by sds-page. its amino acid sequence was reconstructed by automated sequence analysis of the peptides obtained after cleavage w ...200011042392
a non-toxic pokeweed antiviral protein mutant inhibits pathogen infection via a novel salicylic acid-independent pathway.pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a ribosome-inactivating protein isolated from phytolacca americana, is characterized by its ability to depurinate the sarcin/ricin (s/r) loop of the large rrna of prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes. in this study, we present evidence that pap is associated with ribosomes and depurinates tobacco ribosomes in vivo by removing more than one adenine and a guanine. a mutant of pokeweed antiviral protein, papn, which has a single amino acid substitution (g75d), did ...200011117265
a polylinker-derived sequence, pl, highly increased translation efficiency in escherichia coli.pokeweed (phytolacca americana) antiviral protein (pap) is a highly specific ribosome-inactivating glycosidase. the pap gene was isolated and cloned in an expression vector containing a polylinker-derived sequence (pl) but devoid of a shine-dalgarno (sd) sequence. surprisingly, e. coli cells transformed with this vector produced over twice the amount of pap than that with the consensus sd sequence. computer analysis of the 5' terminal region of pap mrna revealed a nucleotide sequence (accuacucga ...199910071866
a new antifungal peptide from the seeds of phytolacca americana: characterization, amino acid sequence and cdna cloning.an antifungal peptide from seeds of phytolacca americana, designated pafp-s, has been isolated. the peptide is highly basic and consists of 38 residues with three disulfide bridges. its molecular mass of 3929.0 was determined by mass spectrometry. the complete amino acid sequence was obtained from automated edman degradation, and cdna cloning was successfully performed by 3'-race. the deduced amino acid sequence of a partial cdna corresponded to the amino acid sequence from chemical sequencing. ...199910082954
isolation and characterization of four type-1 ribosome-inactivating proteins, with polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity, from leaves of phytolacca dioica l.four type-1 (single-chain) ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips), with isoelectric points between 9.5 and 9.7, were isolated from leaves of phytolacca dioica l. the purification procedure furnished the four proteins with an overall yield of about 16% and separated them from a protein of 29,407 +/- 2 da, as determined by electrospray mass spectrometry, whose n-terminal amino acid sequence differed from that of pokeweed (phytolacca americana l.) leaf chitinase (plc-b) by only one amino acid (r17i) ...199910213004
amino acid sequence and some properties of phytolacain r, a cysteine protease from full-growth fruits of pokeweed, phytolacca americana.a cysteine protease, phytolacain r from full-growth greenish fruits of pokeweed, phytolacca americana l, was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by a simple purification procedure employing cm-sepharose ion-exchange chromatography. the enzyme was present in low content in the young fruits about 50 d after flowering but gradually accumulated in growing fruits. its molecular mass was estimated to be ca. 23 kda by sds-page, and its sugar content was zero. its amino acid sequence was established ...199910393317
pokeweed antiviral protein isoforms pap-i, pap-ii, and pap-iii depurinate rna of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1.pokeweed antiviral protein (pap) is a naturally occurring broad-spectrum antiviral agent with potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 activity by an as yet undeciphered molecular mechanism. in the present study, we sought to determine if pap is capable of recognizing and depurinating viral rna. depurination of viral rna was monitored by directly measuring the amount of the adenine base released from the viral rna species using quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography. our fin ...199910403789
ultrastructural studies of glycan changes in the apical surface of the uterine epithelium during pre-ovulatory and and pre-implantation stages in the marmoset monkey.it has been postulated that carbohydrates are involved in a variety of cell-cell interactions including blastocyst implantation. in primates, there are only limited investigations on the ultrastructural localisation of the cyclic changes in uterine epithelial surface carbohydrates. our aim was to investigate such changes during the pre-ovulatory and pre-implantation stages of the reproductive cycle in the marmoset monkey. after fixation of endometrial tissues, avidin-ferritin lectin cytochemistr ...199910411392
high-level expression and purification of biologically active recombinant pokeweed antiviral protein.pokeweed antiviral protein (pap) from the leaves of the pokeweed plant, phytolacca americana, is a naturally occurring single-chain ribosome-inactivating protein, which catalytically inactivates both prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes. the therapeutic potential of pap has gained considerable interest in recent years due to the clinical use of native pap as the active moiety of immunoconjugates against cancer and aids. the clinical use of native pap is limited due to inherent difficulties in ob ...199910419833
mouse monoclonal antibodies against phytolacca americana antiviral protein pap i.four hybridoma lines are constructed producing monoclonal antibodies against the pokeweed (phytolacca americana) antiviral protein pap i. two of the antibodies, 4e8 and 5d3, are characterized in more detail. they recognize amino acid sequences rather than conformational changes and their epitopes are 65% distinct. one of these antibodies (5d3) is used to study localization of recombinant pap i in escherichia coli cells by immuno-gold electron microscopy.199910571267
expression of glucosamine trisaccharides on the rat uterine surface is altered by clomiphene citrate.we have studied histochemically the effects of clomiphene citrate on the expression of oligosacchrides on the apical plasma membrane of uterine epithelial cells using the lectin phytolacca americana. ovariectomized sexually mature rats were given a single injection of either clomiphene in two concentrations or estradiol 17 beta or progesterone and were killed 24 hr later. uterine tissue was labeled with phytolacca americana conjugated with avidin and subsequently labeled with biotinalyted ferrit ...199910611927
inhibition of plant transformation by phytolaccoside b from phytolacca americana callus.the newly established gus expression bioassay on the callus extracts of 22 species of plants revealed that the methanol extract of phytolacca americana callus had the most potent inhibitory activity against agrobacterial plant transformation. a triterpene glycoside phytolaccoside b was isolated from the extract as a genuine plant transformation inhibitor having neither antiagrobacterial nor phytotoxic activity. this compound is promising for use as a biochemical probe for studies on the plant tr ...199927389651
isolation and some properties of the antimicrobial peptide (pa-amp) from the seeds of pokeweed (phytolacca americana).an antimicrobial peptide, designated pa-amp, was purified by gel filtration on sephadex g-75 followed by s-sepharose, cosmosil-sp, and reverse-phase hplc from the seeds of pokeweed (phytolacca americana). pa-amp is a basic peptide having an isoelectric point of over 10 and its extinction coefficient at 280 nm of 1% aqueous solution was 7.7. pa-amp has a molecular mass of 4 kda and 3.4 kda on tricine sds-page under nonreducing and reducing conditions, respectively. the n-terminal amino acid of pa ...199827385459
the low expression level of pokeweed antiviral protein (pap) gene in escherichia coli by the inducible lac promoter is due to inefficient transcription and translation and not to the toxicity of the pap.pokeweed (phytolacca americana) antiviral protein (pap) is a glycosidase which inactivates both eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes. due to this activity the wild-type pap gene encoding mature protein has not so far been expressed in escherichia coli. in spite of the ribosome impairing activity of the pre-pap (containing two signal peptides at both termini) on bacterial ribosomes in vitro, the full-length pap gene has been expressed successfully, although at a low level in e. coli under an indu ...19989500850
complete amino acid sequence of chitinase-a from leaves of pokeweed (phytolacca americana).the complete amino acid sequence of pokeweed leaf chitinase-a was determined. first all 11 tryptic peptides from the reduced and s-carboxymethylated form of the enzyme were sequenced. then the same form of the enzyme was cleaved with cyanogen bromide, giving three fragments. the fragments were digested with chymotrypsin or staphylococcus aureus v8 protease. last, the 11 tryptic peptides were put in order. of seven cysteine residues, six were linked by disulfide bonds (between cys25 and cys74, cy ...19989614717
reduced toxicity and broad spectrum resistance to viral and fungal infection in transgenic plants expressing pokeweed antiviral protein ii.pokeweed antiviral protein ii (papii), a 30 kda protein isolated from leaves of phytolacca americana, inhibits translation by catalytically removing a specific adenine residue from the large rrna of the 60s subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. the protein sequence of papii shows only 41% identity to pap and pap-s, two other antiviral proteins isolated from pokeweed. we isolated a cdna corresponding to papii and introduced it into tobacco plants. papii expressed in transgenic tobacco was correctly pr ...19989869402
analysis of active site residues of the antiviral protein from summer leaves from phytolacca americana by site-directed mutagenesis.the summer leaf isoform of the pokeweed (phytolacca americana) antiviral protein, pap ii, was produced in high yields from inclusion bodies in recombinant e. coli. on the basis of its sequence similarity with the spring leaf isoform (pap i) and with the a chain of ricin, a three-dimensional model of the protein was constructed as an aid in the design of active site mutants. pap ii variants mutated in residues asp 88 (d88n), tyr 117 (y117s), glu 172 (e172q), arg 175 (r175h) and a combination of a ...19989918771
effect of n-terminal deletions on the activity of pokeweed antiviral protein expressed in e. coli.pokeweed antiviral protein (pap) from phytolacca americana is a highly specific n-glycosidase removing adenine residues (a4324 in 28s rrna and a2660 in 23s rrna) from intact ribosomes of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. due to the ribosome impairing activity the gene coding for mature pap has not been expressed so far in bacteria whereas the full-length gene (coding for the mature 262 amino acids plus two signal peptides of 22 and 29 amino acids at both n- and c-termini, respectively) has been e ...19989924987
c-terminal deletion mutant of pokeweed antiviral protein inhibits viral infection but does not depurinate host ribosomes.pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a 29-kda protein isolated from phytolacca americana, inhibits translation by catalytically removing a specific adenine residue from the large rrna of the 60s subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. in addition to its ribosome-inactivating ability, pap has potent antiviral activity against many plant and animal viruses, including hiv. we recently described the isolation and characterization of nontoxic pap mutants, nt123-2, which has a point mutation (e176v) in the acti ...19979108070
cdna cloning and expression of pokeweed antiviral protein from seeds in escherichia coli and its inhibition of protein synthesis in vitro.pokeweed antiviral proteins (pap) represent a family of protein toxins isolated from various organs and at different stages of development of phytolacca americana (pokeweed). we isolated, sequenced and characterized for the first time a complete cdna encoding a pokeweed antiviral protein expressed in seeds. the cdna of pap-s consists of 1249 nucleotides and encodes a mature 262 amino acid protein. its predicted amino acid sequence is more similar to pap (76%) than to pap ii (31%). it is known fr ...19979109394
plant resistance to fungal infection induced by nontoxic pokeweed antiviral protein mutants.pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a 29-kd protein isolated from phytolacca americana inhibits translation by catalytically removing a specific adenine residue from the large rrna of the 60s subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. transgenic plants expressing pap are resistant to a broad spectrum of plant viruses. nontoxic pap mutants have been isolated by random mutagenesis and selection in yeast. one of these mutants, pap-x, had a point mutation at the active-site (e176v) that abolished enzymatic acti ...19979335052
expression of pokeweed antiviral protein in transgenic plants induces virus resistance in grafted wild-type plants independently of salicylic acid accumulation and pathogenesis-related protein synthesis.pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a 29-kd protein isolated from phytolacca americana, inhibits translation by catalytically removing a specific adenine residue from the large rrna of the 60s subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plants expressing pap or a variant (pap-v) were shown to be resistant to a broad spectrum of plant viruses. expression of pap-v in transgenic plants induces synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins and a very weak (<2-fold) increase in ...199712223762
structural analysis of n-linked oligosaccharide of mitogenic lectin-b from the roots of pokeweed (phytolacca americana).the structure of an asparagine (n-) linked oligosaccharide of pokeweed lectin-b (pl-b) and the amino acid sequences around two glycosylation sites were identified. the pyridylamino (pa) oligosaccharide prepared from pl-b was eluted as a single peak on both reversed-phase (rp-) hplc and size-fractionation (sf-) hplc, and its structure was estimated to be man alpha 1-->6(man alpha 1-->3)(xyl beta 1-->2) man beta 1-->4glcnac beta 1-->4(fuc alpha 1-->3)glcnac by a combination of component analysis, ...19968901119
amino acid sequence and some properties of lectin-d from the roots of pokeweed (phytolacca americana).two pokeweed lectins, designated pl-d1 and pl-d2, have been isolated from the roots of pokeweed (phytolacca americana) using chitin affinity column chromatography followed by gel filtration on a sephacryl s-200 column and fast protein liquid chromatography on a mono-q column, and their amino acid sequences have been analyzed. pl-d1 consists of 84 amino acid residues and has a molecular mass of 9317, while pl-d2 has an identical sequence with pl-d1 except lack of the c-terminal leu-thr. pl-d is c ...19968987560
the influence of some vegetable extracts on the in vitro adherence of mouse and human lymphocytes to nylon fibers.we found that the total watery extracts obtained from roots of various plants such as symphytum officinale, phytolacca americana etc, precipitate human glycoproteins, agglutinate sheep red blood cells (srbc) and stimulate lymphocyte adherence to nylon fibers. five out of seven extracts precipitated human gammaglobulins and one of seven obviously agglutinate srbc. if these cells were pretreated with rabbit antibodies against srbc, all extracts agglutinated the cells at various degrees of intensit ...19958993111
antifungal compounds induced in the dual culture with phytolacca americana callus and botrytis fabae.in order to investigate new metabolites which are only induced in a plant callus infected by a pathogenic fungus, dual cultures with combinations of 10 species of fungi and 6 plant cell lines from different species were established. among the combinations tested, the methanolic extract of a dual culture consisting of a plant cell line, phytolacca americana and a fungus, botrytis fabae showed a marked antifungal activity to cladosporium herbarum. the main active constituent of this extract was id ...19957546032
superovulation affects glucosamine trisaccharides in the glycocalyx of the rat endometrium at the time of implantation.the presence of glucosamine trisaccharides in the glycocalyx of surface epithelial cells of the endometrium of hyperstimulated pregnant rats was compared with that of normal pregnant animals by means of lectin-avidin-ferritin histochemistry. the lectin phytolacca americana was used. a statistically significant reduction in ferritin particles and hence, glucosamine trisaccharides, was found in the glycocalyx of the hyperstimulated animals when compared with that of the controls. this reduction co ...19957592011
isolation and characterization of pokeweed antiviral protein mutations in saccharomyces cerevisiae: identification of residues important for toxicity.pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a 29-kda protein isolated from phytolacca americana inhibits translation by catalytically removing a specific adenine residue from the 28s rrna of eukaryotic ribosomes. pap has potent antiviral activity against many plant and animal viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus. we describe here development of a positive selection system to isolate pap mutants with reduced toxicity. in vitro translation in the presence or absence of microsomal membranes shows ...19957667309
isolation and characterization of a cdna clone encoding the pokeweed antiviral protein ii from phytolacca americana and its expression in e. coli.three distinct ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) were isolated from pokeweed (phytolacca americana). we identified and sequenced for the first time a complete cdna encoding the pokeweed antiviral protein ii (pap ii), which is expressed in the late summer leaves of pokeweed. the cdna of pap ii consists of 1,187 nucleotides and encodes a mature protein of 285 amino acids. its predicted amino acid sequence is only 33% similar to pap and pap-s. the nh2 terminal extrapeptide (25 amino acid residu ...19948034016
increased lectin binding capacity of trophoblastic cells of late day 5 rat blastocysts.the binding of lectins to the trophoblast of rat blastocysts has been studied using quantitative ultrastructural cytochemistry. rat blastocysts from early, mid and late d 5 of gestation were stained using biotinylated lectins (phytolacca americana [phy am], fucose binding protein [fbp] and soybean agglutinin [sba]) and a sensitive avidin-ferritin cytochemical method. electron micrographs of ferritin particles along the membrane were processed to produce images for which grey scale levels could b ...19947649802
inhibitory effects of sialic acid- or n-acetylglucosamine-specific lectins on histamine release induced by compound 48/80, bradykinin and a polyethylenimine in rat peritoneal mast cells.the effects of seven lectins with various sugar-specificities on histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by non-immunologic stimuli were studied. the non-immunologic stimuli used were three basic secretagogues, compound 48/80, bradykinin and pei6 (polyethylenimine with a molecular weight of 600). in this study, we observed inhibition of the histamine release by macckia amurensis mitogen and solanum tuberosum agglutinin (100 micrograms/ml at 37 degrees c for 10 min), which are sp ...19947513032
expression of pokeweed lectin binding in murine intestinal paneth cells.pokeweed (phytolacca americana) lectin was found to stain the secretory granules in epithelial paneth cells of small intestine in mice and rats. the distribution of paneth cells stained with this lectin was identical to that obtained by another immunohistochemical marker for lysozyme. however, in comparison with other immunohistochemical markers, pokeweed lectin is a more robust method for identifying paneth cells in histological sections and for studying their secretory granules. co-expression ...19947514935
datura stramonium agglutinin released histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells that was inhibited by pertussis toxin, haptenic sugar and n-acetylglucosamine-specific lectins: involvement of glycoproteins with n-acetylglucosamine residues.the n-acetyl glucosamine (glcnac)-specific lectin datura stramonium agglutinin (dsa) rapidly and sugar-specifically released histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells, and pertussis toxin (iap) inhibited it, suggesting that dsa activated mast cells via an iap-sensitive g protein pathway. the additive effects of dsa and basic secretagogues such as compound 48/80 that activate iap-sensitive g protein directly suggest that they shared the same mechanism of action including involvement of the iap-sen ...19947532733
the use of lectins to characterize and separate living canine spermatozoa: a preliminary study.this study was designed as a preliminary attempt to develop a methodology for relating the glucidic structure of the sperm membrane to sperm morphology. differences in plasma membrane glycoconjugates between motile and nonmotile spermatozoa were studied by using 7 lectins. fresh spermatozoa from 3 dogs were analyzed by fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc) labeled lectins. the binding of lectins to the sperm membrane and the capability of the lectins to agglutinate spermatozoa were estimated semi-qu ...199416727393
selected immune responses of adult cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus) to dietary restriction.1. we examined the influence of moderate to severe dietary restriction on immune system function in adult cotton rats. animals (n = 80) were fed ad lib. (controls) or restricted [moderate = 80% ad lib. for 1 or 2 weeks; severe = 80% ad lib. for 1 or 2 weeks followed by 40% ad lib. for one (week 3) or two (week 4) additional weeks] amounts of food for 1-4 weeks. 2. average body weight loss for severely restricted animals in week 4 was 17%; dietary treatments had no measurable effect on hematologi ...19938097154
the mucosal t cell integrin alpha m290 beta 7 recognizes a ligand on mucosal epithelial cell lines.the integrin alpha m290 beta 7 is expressed at high levels on mucosal t cells, particularly on those within the epithelium of the gut. we now report that a mouse t cell hybridoma, mtc-1, with similar surface expression of this molecule, adhered strongly to cells of the mouse rectal carcinoma line cmt93 and that adhesion was blocked completely by the monoclonal antibody (mab) m290. other mab to the alpha m290 or beta 7 subunits had little or no inhibitory effect. m290 also inhibited adhesion of t ...19938100775
purification and partial characterization of single-chain ribosome-inactivating proteins from the seeds of phytolacca dioica l.three ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) similar to those already known (stirpe et al. (1992) bio/technology 10, 405-412) were purified from the seeds of phytolacca dioica. these proteins, called phytolacca dioica rips (pd-s1, pd-s2 and pd-s3 rips), are glycoproteins, with m(r) approx. 30,000, inhibit protein synthesis by a rabbit reticulocyte lysate and phenylalanine polymerization by isolated ribosomes, and depurinate rat liver rrna in an apparently identical manner as the a-chain of ricin ...19938218414
broad-spectrum virus resistance in transgenic plants expressing pokeweed antiviral protein.exogenous application of pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), a ribosome-inhibiting protein found in the cell walls of phytolacca americana (pokeweed), protects heterologous plants from viral infection. a cdna clone for pap was isolated and introduced into tobacco and potato plants by transformation with agrobacterium tumefaciens. transgenic plants that expressed either pap or a double mutant derivative of pap showed resistance to infection by different viruses. resistance was effective against bot ...19938346221
photoactivation of toxin conjugates.a novel photocleavable protein cross-linking reagent has been used for conjugation of the ribosome-inactivating protein pokeweed antiviral protein from seeds of phytolacca americana (pap-s), with either the monoclonal antibody 5e9 directed against the human transferrin-receptor or the b-chain of ricin that binds to cell-surface oligosaccharides bearing terminal d-galactose residues. when irradiated with near-uv light (350 nm), the linker of these conjugates undergoes photolytic degradation, resu ...19921515463
some ribosome-inactivating proteins depurinate ribosomal rna at multiple sites.saporin-s6, a ribosome-inactivating protein (rip) from saponaria officinalis released more than 1 mol of adenine/mol of ribosomes from house fly (musca domestica) larvae and from rat liver. the release of adenine from rat liver ribosomes by several rips (plant enzymes with rna n-glycosidase activity) was examined. saporins, pokeweed antiviral protein from roots of phytolacca americana (pap-r), and trichokirin from trichosanthes kirilowii seeds depurinated rat liver ribosomes at more than one sit ...19921520257
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