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Phylogenetic study of the species within the family Streptomycetaceae.Species of the genus Streptomyces, which constitute the vast majority of taxa within the family Streptomycetaceae, are a predominant component of the microbial population in soils throughout the world and have been the subject of extensive isolation and screening efforts over the years because they are a major source of commercially and medically important secondary metabolites. Taxonomic characterization of Streptomyces strains has been a challenge due to the large number of described species, ...201222045019
streptomycin-induced expression in bacillus subtilis of ytnp, a lactonase-homologous protein that inhibits development and streptomycin production in streptomyces griseus.bacillus subtilis induces expression of the gene ytnp in the presence of the antimicrobial streptomycin, produced by the gram-positive bacterium streptomyces griseus. ytnp encodes a lactonase-homologous protein that is able to inhibit the signaling pathway required for the streptomycin production and development of aerial mycelium in s. griseus.201222101040
an innovative biocatalyst for production of ethanol from xylose in a continuous bioreactor.the use of the hemicellulose fraction of biomass may be important for the feasibility of the production of second generation bioethanol. wild strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae are widely used in industry for production of 1st generation ethanol, and the robustness of this yeast is an important advantage in large scale applications. isomerization of xylose to xylulose is an essential step in this process. this reaction is catalyzed by glucose isomerase (gi). a new biocatalyst is presented here ...201222133438
Efficient transposition of IS204-derived plasmids in Streptomyces coelicolor.In order to study functional gene expression in Streptomyces coelicolor, a mini-transposon encoding the apramycin resistance gene aac(3)IV within its inverted repeat (IR) boundaries was constructed based on IS204, which was previously identified in the genome of Nocardia asteroides YP21. The mini-transposon and IS204 transposase gene were then put on a kanamycin-resistant conjugative plasmid pDZY101 that can only replicate in Escherichia coli. After mating with S. coelicolor A3(2) M145, resistan ...201222079690
the diazofluorene antitumor antibiotics: structural elucidation, biosynthetic, synthetic, and chemical biological studies.this review presents a comprehensive survey of all aspects of the kinamycins and lomaiviticins, potent antiproliferative antimicrobial metabolites isolated from various strains of streptomyces and salinispora. the kinamycins and lomaiviticins contain a diazotetrahydrobenzo[b]fluorene (diazofluorene) functional group, which is unique among known natural products. this review begins with an account of the studies leading to the final (correct) structure determination of the kinamycins, which were ...201222037715
Identification and Characterization of a Xyloglucan-Specific Family 74 Glycosyl Hydrolase from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2).The sco6545 gene of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) was nominated as a putative cellulase with 863 mature-form amino acids (90.58 kDa). We overexpressed and purified Sco6545 and demonstrated that the protein is not a cellulase but a xyloglucan-specific glycosyl hydrolase which cleaves xyloglucan at unbranched glucose residues.201222101041
Production of Streptoverticillium cinnamoneum transglutaminase and cinnamic acid by recombinant Streptomyces lividans cultured on biomass-derived carbon sources.Transglutaminase from Streptoverticillium cinnamoneum (StvcMTG) was produced using recombinant Streptomyces lividans. When grown on glycerol and xylose as sole carbon sources, S. lividans/StvcMTG produced 360 and 530mg of StvcMTG per liter, respectively. With starch and xylan, the strain produced 230 and 400mg of StvcMTG per liter, respectively. Recombinant S. lividans/encP, which expresses phenylalanine ammonia lyase from Streptomyces maritimus, produced 160mg/L of cinnamic acid from cellulose. ...201222115528
in vivo toxicological evaluation of anisomycin.anisomycin is a pyrrolidine antibiotic isolated from streptomyces griseolus. recent studies have shown that anisomycin as a novel immunosuppressive agent is superior to cyclosporine a (j. immunother. 31, 858-870, 2008). in order to make toxicological evaluation of anisomycin, acute and four-week continuously intravenous toxicity studies were performed in mice. ic(50) value tested on peripheral lymphocytes was 25.44 ng/ml. the calculated ld(50) for anisomycin was 119.64 mg/kg. the mice were intra ...201222004851
gentiana asclepiadea and armoracia rusticana can modulate the adaptive response induced by zeocin in human lymphocytes.zeocin is a member of bleomycin/phleomycin family of antibiotics isolated from streptomyces verticullus. this unique radiomimetic antibiotic is known to bind to dna and induce oxidative stress in different organisms producing predominantly single- and double- strand breaks, as well as a dna base loss resulting in apurinic/apyrimidinic (ap) sites. the aim of this study was to induce an adaptive response (ar) by zeocin in freshly isolated human lymphocytes from blood and to observe whether plant e ...201222103898
Enhancing macrolide production in Streptomyces by coexpressing three heterologous genes.Antibiotic production in Streptomyces can often be increased by introducing heterologous genes into strains that contain an antibiotic biosynthesis gene cluster. A number of genes are known to be useful for this purpose. We chose three such genes and cloned them singly or in combination under the control of the strong constitutive ermE* promoter into a ?C31-derived integrating vector that can be transferred efficiently by conjugation from Escherichia coli to Streptomyces. The three genes are adp ...201222133433
regulation of an alternative sigma factor σ(i) by a partner switching mechanism with an anti-sigma factor prsi and an anti-anti-sigma factor arsi in streptomyces coelicolor a3(2).two genes, prsi and arsi, are located divergently next to the sigi gene encoding alternative sigma factor σ(i) of streptomyces coelicolor a3(2). the similarity of prsi and arsi to anti-sigma and anti-anti-sigma factors, respectively, suggests that both putative regulators may be involved in regulation of σ(i). by using a combination of several approaches including bacterial two-hybrid assays, pull-down assay and visualization of the complex by native polyacrylamide electrophoresis, we demonstrat ...201222108710
Lectin genes in the Frankia alni genome.Frankia alni strain ACN14a's genome was scanned for the presence of determinants involved in interactions with its host plant, Alnus spp. One such determinant type is lectin, proteins that bind specifically to sugar motifs. The genome of F. alni was found to contain 7 such lectin-coding genes, five of which were of the ricinB-type. The proteins coded by these genes contain either only the lectin domain, or also a heat shock protein or a serine-threonine kinase domain upstream. These lectins were ...201222159868
bioaccumulation characterization of zinc and cadmium by streptomyces zinciresistens, a novel actinomycete.the bioaccumulation characteristics of zn(2+) and cd(2+) by a novel species, streptomyces zinciresistens ccnwnq0016(t), were investigated. s. zinciresistens accumulated zn(2+) and cd(2+) mainly on the cell wall followed by intracellular accumulation. the mycelium was deformed, aggregated and formed precipitate of zinc and cadmium on the cell surface. electron dense granules were detected on the cell wall as well as within the cytoplasm. the amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl and carbonyl groups were resp ...201222001317
signals and regulators that govern streptomyces development.streptomyces coelicolor is the genetically best characterized species of a populous genus belonging to the gram-positive actinobacteria. streptomycetes are filamentous soil organisms, well known for the production of a plethora of biologically active secondary metabolic compounds. the streptomyces developmental life cycle is uniquely complex and involves coordinated multicellular development with both physiological and morphological differentiation of several cell types, culminating in the produ ...201222092088
Identification of late-stage glycosylation steps in the biosynthetic pathway of the anthracycline nogalamycin.Nogalamycin is an anthracycline antibiotic that has been shown to exhibit significant cytotoxicity. Its biological activity requires two deoxysugar moieties: nogalose and nogalamine, which are attached at C7 and C1, respectively, of the aromatic polyketide aglycone. Curiously, the aminosugar nogalamine is also connected through a C?C bond between C2 and C5''. Despite extensive molecular genetic characterization of early biosynthetic steps, nogalamycin glycosylation has not been investigated in d ...201222120896
Production and characterization of biosurfactant from marine Streptomyces species B3.The present study demonstrates the production and properties of a biosurfactant isolated from marine Streptomyces species B3. The production of the biosurfactant was found to be higher in medium containing sucrose and lower in the medium containing glycerol. Yeast extract was the best nitrogen source for the production of the biosurfactant. The isolated biosurfactant reduced the surface tension of water to 29mN/m. The purified biosurfactant was shown critical micelle concentrations of 110mg/l. T ...201222138266
antimycobacterials from natural sources: ancient times, antibiotic era and novel scaffolds.mycobacteria are a group of aerobic, non-motile, acid fast bacteria that have a characteristic cell wall composed of a mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex. they display different phenotypic attributes in their growth, color and biochemistry. tuberculosis (tb) is defined as the infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and was declared a global health emergency principally because of the appearance of multidrug-resistant strains and the associated risk of infection in immune-com ...201222201841
Characterization of Streptomyces padanus JAU4234, a Producer of Actinomycin X2, Fungichromin, and a New Polyene Macrolide Antibiotic.Strain JAU4234, identified as Streptomyces padanus, was isolated from soil collected in Jiangxi Province, China. It produced actinomycin X2, fungichromin, and a new polyene macrolide compound with antifungal activity, antifungalmycin 702. Antifungalmycin 702 had good general antifungal activity and may have potential future agricultural and/or clinical applications.201222057866
Persipeptides A and B, two cyclic peptides from Streptomyces sp. UTMC 1154.Two new N-methylated cyclopeptides, persipeptide A (1) and B (2), have been isolated from Streptomyces sp. UTMC1154. Their structures were established using 1D and 2D NMR experiments. 2D TOCSY experiments were applied to identify the amino acid residues, while HMBC correlations were used to determine their sequence. According to Marfey's method, all amino acids had the l-configuration. The two cyclic peptides had the same ring size and amino acid composition, but differed in their sequence; they ...201222153873
Ribosomal and protein coding gene based multigene phylogeny on the family Streptomycetaceae.The phylogenetic relationship among the three genera of the family Streptomycetaceae was examined using the small and large subunit ribosomal RNA genes, and the gyrB, rpoB, trpB, atpD and recA genes. The total stretches of the analyzed ribosomal genes were 4.2kb, and those of five protein coding genes were 4.5kb. The resultant phylogenetic trees confirmed that each genus formed an independent clade in the majority of cases. The G+C contents of rRNA genes were 56.9-58.9mol%, and those of protein ...201222154623
Identification and Biochemical Characterization of Sco3487 from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), an Exo- and Endo-Type ß-Agarase-Producing Neoagarobiose.Streptomyces coelicolor can degrade agar, the main cell wall component of red macroalgae, for growth. To constitute a crucial carbon source for bacterial growth, the alternating a-(1,3) and ß-(1,4) linkages between the 3,6-anhydro-l-galactoses and d-galactoses of agar must be hydrolyzed by a/ß-agarases. In S. coelicolor, DagA was confirmed to be an endo-type ß-agarase that degrades agar into neoagarotetraose and neoagarohexaose. Genomic sequencing data of S. coelicolor revealed that Sco3487, ann ...201222020647
Extracellular production of phospholipase A(2) from Streptomyces violaceoruber by recombinant Escherichia coli.Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) from Streptomyces violaceoruber was successfully produced extracellularly in an active form by using a recombinant strain of Escherichia coli. The PLA(2) gene, which was artificially synthesized with optimized codons for E. coli and fused with pelB signal sequence, was expressed in E. coli using pET system. Most of the enzyme activity was detected in the culture supernatant with negligible activity in the cells. The recombinant enzyme was purified to homogeneity from ...201222019762
chromophenazines from the terrestrial streptomyces sp. ank 315.the new chromophenazines a-f [9-methyl-5-(3'-methylbut-2'-enyl)-5h-benzo[a]phenazin-7-one (1a), 9-methyl-5-(3'-methylbut-2'-enyl)-7-oxo-5,7-dihydrobenzo[a]phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (1b), 5-(3'-methylbut-2'-enyl)-7-oxo-5,7-dihydrophenazine-1-carboxamide (2), 3-benzoyl-5-(3'-methylbut-2'-enyl)-5,10-dihydrophenazine-1-carboxylic acid (5a), 3,7-dibenzoyl-5-(3'-methylbut-2'-enyl)-5,10-dihydrophenazine-1-carboxylic acid (5b), and 3,7-dibenzoyl-5-(3'-methylbut-2'-enyl)-5,10-dihydrophenazine-1-carboxa ...201222220635
simreg1 is a master switch for biosynthesis and export of simocyclinone d8 and its precursors.abstract: analysis of the simocyclinone biosynthesis (sim) gene cluster of streptomyces antibioticus tü6040 led to the identification of a putative pathway specific regulatory gene simreg1. in silico analysis places the simreg1 protein in the ompr-phob subfamily of response regulators. gene replacement of simreg1 from the s. antibioticus chromosome completely abolishes simocyclinone production indicating that simreg1 is a key regulator of simocyclinone biosynthesis. results of the dna-shift assa ...201222214346
gene fragmentation in bacterial draft genomes: extent, consequences and mitigation.abstract: background: ongoing technological advances in genome sequencing are allowing bacterial genomes to be sequenced at ever-lower cost. however, nearly all of these new techniques concomitantly decrease genome quality, primarily due to the inability of their relatively short read lengths to bridge certain genomic regions, e.g., those containing repeats. fragmentation of predicted open reading frame (orfs) is one possible consequence of this decreased quality. in this study we quantify o ...201222233127
replication of biosynthetic reactions enables efficient synthesis of a-factor, a γ-butyrolactone autoinducer from streptomyces griseus.we report a concise synthesis of a-factor, the prototypical γ-butyrolactone signalling compound of streptomyces bacteria. in analogy to enzymatic reactions in a-factor biosynthesis, our synthesis features a tandem esterification-knoevenagel condensation yielding a 2-acyl butenolide and a surprising, chemoselective conjugate reduction of this α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound using sodium cyanoborohydride.201222246070
jbir-94 and jbir-125, antioxidative phenolic compounds from streptomyces sp. r56-07.two phenolic compounds, jbir-94 (1) and jbir-125 (2), were isolated from the fermentation broth of strain r56-07, which was identified by phylogenetic methods as a novel species of streptomyces. the structures of 1 and 2 were assigned on the basis of 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy and ms analyses. compounds 1 and 2 exhibited 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity with an ic(50) value of 11.4 and 35.1 μm, respectively. these compounds are the first examples of hydroxycinnamic acid ...201222233425
shear conditions in clavulanic acid production by streptomyces clavuligerus in stirred tank and airlift bioreactors.in biochemical processes involving filamentous microorganisms, the high shear rate may damage suspended cells leading to viability loss and cell disruption. in this work, the influence of the shear conditions in clavulanic acid (ca) production by streptomyces clavuligerus was evaluated in a 4-dm(3) conventional stirred tank (stb) and in 6-dm(3) concentric-tube airlift (alb) bioreactors. batch cultivations were performed in a stb at 600 and 800 rpm and 0.5 vvm (cultivations b1 and b2) and in alb ...201222271253
3-carbamoylquinoxalin-1-ium chloride.the title compound, c(9)h(8)n(3)o(+)·cl(-), was isolated from a liquid culture of streptomyces sp. in the cation, the ring system makes a dihedral angle of 0.2 (2)° with the amide group. the protonation creating the cation occurs at ome of the n atoms in the quinoxaline ring system. in the crystal, the ions are linked through n-h⋯o and n-h⋯cl hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to (10[formula: see text]).201222259578
antifungal activity of borrelidin produced by a streptomyces strain isolated from soybean.in this study, an endophytic streptomyces sp. neau-d50 with strong antifungal activity against phytophthora sojae was isolated from healthy soybean root, using an in vitro screening technique. a bioactivity-guided approach was then employed to isolate and determine the chemical identity of bioactive constituents with antifungal activity from strain neau-d50. the structure of the antifungal metabolite was elucidated as borrelidin on the basis of spectral analysis. to our knowledge, this is the fi ...201222242825
unsuspected control of siderophore production by n-acetylglucosamine in streptomycetes.iron is one of the most abundant elements on earth but is found in poorly soluble forms hardly accessible to microorganisms. to subsist, they have developed iron-chelating molecules called siderophores that capture this element in the environment and the resulting complexes are internalized by specific uptake systems. while biosynthesis of siderophores in many bacteria is regulated by iron availability and oxidative stress, we describe here a new type of regulation of siderophore production. we ...201223760896
designed biosynthesis of 36-methyl-fk506 by polyketide precursor pathway engineering.the polyketide synthase (pks) biosynthetic code has recently expanded to include a newly recognized group of extender unit substrates derived from α,β-unsaturated acyl-coa molecules that deliver diverse side chain chemistry to polyketide backbones. herein we report the identification of a three-gene operon responsible for the biosynthesis of the pks building block isobutyrylmalonyl-coa associated with the macrolide ansalactam a from the marine bacterium streptomyces sp. cnh189. using a synthetic ...201223654255
biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using actinobacterium streptomyces albogriseolus and its antibacterial activity.an eco-friendly approach to the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) by extracellular components of streptomyces albogriseolus has been reported. the isolated actinobacteria were genotypically identified by 16s rrna sequencing analysis, and the morphology was observed by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. the preliminary characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was carried out using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. the maximum absorption spectra were found to be 409 nm ...201223586961
antimicrobial potential of actinomycetes species isolated from marine environment.to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of actinomycetes species isolated from marine environment.201223569952
characterization and phylogenetic analysis of novel polyene type antimicrobial metabolite producing actinomycetes from marine sediments: bay of bengal india.to isolate and indentify the promising antimicrobial metabolite producing streptomyces strains from marine sediment samples from andrapradesh coast of india.201223569851
in-vitro antimicrobial activity of marine actinobacteria against multidrug resistance staphylococcus aureus.to investigate the antibacterial activity of marine actinobacteria against multidrug resistance staphylococcus aureus (mdrsa).201223569848
characterization of cytotoxic compound from marine sediment derived actinomycete streptomyces avidinii strain su4.to investigate the cytotoxic activity of actinomycete isolated from marine sediment.201223569845
[function of transporter genes fscti and fsctii in the biosynthetic cluster of candicidin/fr-008].objective to investigate function of transporter genes fscti and fsctii in the biosynthetic gene cluster of candicidin/fr-008.201223457795
isolation and characterization of streptomyces spp. strains f-6 and f-7 capable of decomposing alkali lignin.biodegradation and bioconversion of lignin are the result of the combined action of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes. through screening from forest soil, two novel isolated actinomycete strains were identified as streptomyces spp. strains f-6 and f-7 by their morphology, cultural characteristics and high homology to the 16s rrna gene. both strains possessed laccase and manganese peroxidase activities. laccase activity produced by strain f-6 was up to 935.4 u g(-1) dry cell weight. more than 50% ...201223437660
two novel phenethylamine alkaloids from streptomyces sp. yim10049.two novel phenethylamine alkaloids were isolated from streptomyces sp. yim 10049. on the basis of spectral data, their structures were determined as (s)-n-(cu-phenylethyl)-2 -hydroxyl-acrylimine (1) and (s)-n-nitroso-1-amino-p-hydroxy phenylethanol (2). three known compounds, indole-3-carboxylic acid (3), cyclo(l-ala-l-tyr)(4), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (5), were also isolated and characterized. compound 1 is a rare enol tautomer, and compound 2 an unusual phenethylamine alkaloid with a n- ...201223413555
commercially available lipid formulations of amphotericin b: are they bioequivalent and therapeutically equivalent?amphotericin b is a polyene macrolide derived from streptomyces nodosus. introduced into therapy in 1957, for decades amphotericin b has been the "gold standard" for fighting systemic fungal infections. in order to facilitate its systemic use, much attention has been paid to the development of pharmaceutical forms that could reduce its toxicity, especially for the kidney. because of its low solubility in water and excellent solubility in lipids, amphotericin b is an ideal candidate for lipid-bas ...201223393924
rapamycin and mtor: a serendipitous discovery and implications for breast cancer.rapamycin was discovered more than thirty years ago from a soil sample from the island of rapa nui. it was isolated from streptomyces hygroscopicus and initial characterization focused on its antifungal activities. subsequent characterization showed that it has immunosuppressive properties and has been used successfully to reduce organ rejection with kidney transplantation. rapamycin has proven to be a versatile compound with several seemingly unrelated properties, including antifungal, immunosu ...201223369283
[allelopathic effects of streptomyces sp. 6803 on plants].streptomyces can produce an overwhelming majority of known antibiotics and several biologically active compounds, but whether streptomyces can display allelopathic effects on higher plants is largely unknown. in this study, seven actinomyces strains isolated from soils showed inhibitory effect on plant seedlings growth, among which, streptomyces sp. 6803 had strong capability in inhibiting the seedlings growth of brassica campestris and echinochloa crusgalli in both solid and liquid cultures. th ...201223359933
[streptomyces sp. 17, an organism producing oligomycin sc-ii (culture characteristics and antibiotic biological properties)].under the screening programme for organisms producing substances with hypolipidemic and antifungal activity streptomyces sp. 17 was isolated. the taxonomic properties of the strain were investigated. active compounds, i.e. oligomycin a and oligomycin sc-ii were isolated from a complex biosynthetic product. oligomycin a showed high antifungal activity whereas oligomycin sc-ii had also moderate antibacterial activity.201223350188
cloning, expression and medium optimization of validamycin glycosyltransferase from streptomyces hygroscopicus var. jinggangensis for the biotransformation of validoxylamine a to produce validamycin a using free resting cells.validamycin a is widely used to control basidiomycetes, which causes sheath blight disease in rice, potatoes, vegetables, and other crops as well as dumping-off disease in vegetable seedlings, cotton, sugar beets, and other plants. in order to improve the content of validamycin a in the commercial products, valg from streptomyces hygroscopicus was successfully cloned into escherichia coli bl21(de3) and was directly employed as the biocatalyst in the biotransformation from validoxylamine a to val ...201223340099
gobichelin a and b: mixed-ligand siderophores discovered using proteomics."omic" strategies have been increasingly applied to natural product discovery processes, with (meta-)genome sequencing and mining implemented in many laboratories to date. using the proteomics-based discovery platform called prism (proteomic investigation of secondary metabolism), we discovered two new siderophores gobichelin a and b from streptomyces sp. nrrl f-4415, a strain without a sequenced genome. using the proteomics information as a guide, the 37 kb gene cluster responsible for producti ...201223336063
reduction of nox in fe-edta and fe-nta solutions by an enriched bacterial population.an enriched biomass was developed from municipal sewage sludge consisting of three dominant bacteria, representing the genera of enterobacter, citrobacter and streptomyces. the biomass was used in a series of batch experiments in order to determine kinetic constants associated with biomass growth and nox reduction in aqueous ferrous edta/nta solutions and ferric edta/nta solutions using ethanol as organic electron donor. the maximum specific reduction rates of nox in ferrous edta and ferrous nta ...201223334022
metagenomic profiles of free-living archaea, bacteria and small eukaryotes in coastal areas of sichang island, thailand.tha wang and tham phang coasts, though situated at similar oceanographic positions on sichang island, chonburi province, thailand, are different in bay geography and amount of municipal disturbances. these affect the marine ecosystems. the study used metagenomics combined with 16s and 18s rdna pyrosequencing to identify types and distributions of archaea, bacteria, fungi and small eukaryotes of sizes ranges 0.45 and ~30 μm.201223282134
[growth stimulating, fungicidal and nematicidal properties of new microbial substances and their impact on si/mirna synthesis in plant cells].new substances on the basis of soil streptomycete streptomyces avermitilis metabolites and also compositions of preparation averkom with elicitors show growth regulating activity and bioprotective properties, proved in experiments with wheat spring of variety grizo and cucumbers of variety nezhinskiy. most of the created substances possess the antagonistic action in relation to phytopathogenic fungi, as well as antinematode activity in relation to the gallic nematode meleodoidyne incognita. in t ...201223293825
[screening and identification of hemicellulose degrading microorganisms in acid soil].the aim of this study was to screen hemicellulose degrading microorganisms.201223289324
[screening, identification and optimization of fermentation conditions of an antagonistic actinomycetes strain to setosphaeria turcica].to isolate and screen antagonistic actinomyces strains with inhibitory activity on setosphaeria turcica from soil.201223289321
[characterization of the spore-pigment biosynthetic gene cluster (sah) in streptomyces sahachiroi atcc 33158].a putative type ii polyketide synthase (pks) gene cluster (sah) was found in the genome sequence of streptomyces sahachiroi atcc 33158 by bioinformatics. in order to discover its biological function, we cloned the sah cluster and made functional analyses by gene knockout and heterologous expression.201223289319
post-translational regulation of a developmental catalase, catb, involves a metalloprotease, smpa and contributes to proper differentiation and osmoprotection of streptomyces coelicolor.streptomyces coelicolor produces at least three different catalases (catalases a, b, and c) under different physiological conditions. catalase b (catb) is a developmentally regulated catalase required for proper differentiation and osmoprotection of s. coelicolor. we previously observed that the n-terminal 75(2) amino acids (aa) of catb are cleaved off, with the remaining 75-kda processed catb detectable in the extracellular fraction during sporulation. we here report that either the deletion of ...201223287276
[identification of endophytic actinomycete st24 tomato plants from and its application in biocontrol of gray mold disease].an endophytic actinomycete strain st24 with acaricidal activity was isolated from the root-stem junction of tomato plants, with the taxonomic position of the strain and its control effect against gray mold disease investigated. the st24 was identified as streptomyces vinaceus, and its broth's petroleum ether extracts could inhibit a variety of pathogens. the inhibitory effect of the extracts on botrytis cinerea was the strongest, with the ec50 of inhibiting b. cinerea mycelia growth being 11.78 ...201223286012
characterization of the alkaline laccase ssl1 from streptomyces sviceus with unusual properties discovered by genome mining.fungal laccases are well investigated enzymes with high potential in diverse applications like bleaching of waste waters and textiles, cellulose delignification, and organic synthesis. however, they are limited to acidic reaction conditions and require eukaryotic expression systems. this raises a demand for novel laccases without these constraints. we have taken advantage of the laccase engineering database lcced derived from genome mining to identify and clone the laccase ssl1 from streptomyces ...201223285009
streptomycesinforsys: a web-enabled information repository.members of streptomyces produce 70% of natural bioactive products. there is considerable amount of information available based on polyphasic approach for classification of streptomyces. however, this information based on phenotypic, genotypic and bioactive component production profiles is crucial for pharmacological screening programmes. this is scattered across various journals, books and other resources, many of which are not freely accessible. the designed database incorporates polyphasic typ ...201223275736
improved antimicrobial compound production by a new isolate streptomyces hygroscopicus mtcc 4003 using plackett-burman design and response surface methodology.an active strain, isolated from soil of chhattisgarh, india, showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic bacteria and fungi in glucose soybean meal broth. strain was characterized as streptomyces hygroscopicus mtcc 4003 based on 16s rrna sequencing from microbial type culture collection (mtcc), imtech, chandigarh, india. identification of the purified antimicrobial compound was done by using infra-red (ir), mass, ultraviolet (uv), 1h and 13c nuclear magnetic resonance ...201223275700
screening of mutant strain streptomyces mediolani sp. ac37 for (-)-8-o-methyltetrangomycin production enhancement.streptomyces mediolani sp. ac37 was isolated from the root system of higher plant taxus baccata and produced metabolite identified as (-)-8-o-methyltetrangomycin according to lc/ms/ms analysis. in our screening program for improvements of bioactive secondary metabolites from plant associate streptomycetes, mutation was used as a tool for the induction of genetic variations for selection of higher (-)-8-o-methyltetrangomycin producers of isolates. s. mediolani sp. ac37 was treated with uv irradia ...201223274989
application of a yeast estrogen reporter system for screening zearalenone degrading microbes.the aim of this study was to screen microbes for their zearalenone degrading potential and to select microbes whose activities do not create toxic or endocrine disrupting metabolites. bioluminescent bioreporters (saccharomyces cerevisiae blyes and blyr) were successfully used to monitor toxin degradation; the results of zearalenone biodegradation experiments were confirmed by parallel chemical analysis (hplc-fld) and immunoanalytical (elisa) tests. using the blyes/blyr bioreporters, the most app ...201223274943
nahuoic acid a produced by a streptomyces sp. isolated from a marine sediment is a selective sam-competitive inhibitor of the histone methyltransferase setd8.the histone lysine monomethyltransferase setd8 is an epigenetic regulator of cell cycle progression. nahuoic acid a (1), a polyketide produced in culture by a streptomyces sp. obtained from a tropical marine sediment, is the first known selective sam-competitive inhibitor of setd8. the structure of nahuoic acid a (1) has been elucidated by chemical transformation and detailed analysis of spectroscopic data.201223272941
multimeteval: comparative and multi-objective analysis of genome-scale metabolic models.comparative metabolic modelling is emerging as a novel field, supported by the development of reliable and standardized approaches for constructing genome-scale metabolic models in high throughput. new software solutions are needed to allow efficient comparative analysis of multiple models in the context of multiple cellular objectives. here, we present the user-friendly software framework multi-metabolic evaluator (multimeteval), built upon surreyfba, which allows the user to compose collection ...201223272111
4862f, a new inhibitor of hiv-1 protease, from the culture of streptomyces i03a-04862.we have isolated an extraordinary pentapeptide, called 4862f, from the culture broth of streptomyces albosporus i03a-04862 by diaion hp-20 macroporous adsorbent resin column, ods-a and sephadex lh-20 chromatography, followed by preparative hplc. this peptide shows inhibitory activity against hiv-1 protease. the structure was elucidated by spectroscopic approaches, including esi-ms and various nmr methods. absolute configuration of the amino acid residues in 4862f was defined using marfey's metho ...201223271463
tautomycetin induces apoptosis by inactivating akt through a pp1-independent signaling pathway in human breast cancer cells.tautomycetin (tmc), originally isolated from streptomyces griseochromogenes, has been suggested as a potential drug retaining specificity toward colorectal cancer. however, we found that tmc exhibited inhibitory effects on cell proliferation of many cancer cell lines including adriamycin-resistant human breast adenocarcinoma. we investigated its anti-tumor activity and mechanisms in human breast cancer cells for the first time. in this study, we showed that tmc effectively inhibited breast cance ...201223269238
cloning and recombinant expression of a cellulase from the cellulolytic strain streptomyces sp. g12 isolated from compost.the use of lignocellulosic materials for second generation ethanol production would give several advantages such as minimizing the conflict between land use for food and fuel production, providing less expensive raw materials than conventional agricultural feedstock, allowing lower greenhouse gas emissions than those of first generation ethanol. however, cellulosic biofuels are not produced at a competitive level yet, mainly because of the high production costs of the cellulolytic enzymes. there ...201223267666
discovery of nosokophic acid, a predicted intermediate of moenomycins, from nosokomycin-producing streptomyces sp. k04-0144.a new actinomycete metabolite designated nosokophic acid was isolated from the culture broth of nosokomycin-producing streptomyces sp. k04-0144, and the structure was elucidated by various nmr experiments. nosokophic acid was found to be 3-phosphoglycosyl-2-sesquiterpenyl dihydroxypropionic acid, a predicted biosynthetic intermediate of nosokomycin-related moenomycins. the compound showed no activity against mrsa, but potentiated imipenem activity against mrsa by 512-fold.201223265883
streptomyces griseorubens mediated delignification of paddy straw for improved enzymatic saccharification yields.biological pretreatment of paddy straw was carried out using an actinomycete isolate, identified as streptomyces griseorubens ssr38, for delignification under solid state fermentation and enhanced sugar recovery by enzymatic saccharification. after 10 days incubation, the inoculated paddy straw was extracted with mild alkali and high absorbance at 205 nm was shown by the extracts indicating the ability of s. griseorubens ssr38 to depolymerize/solubilize lignin to a high extent. also, almost 25% ...201223265820
production of the α-glycosidase inhibitor 1-deoxynojirimycin from bacillus species.1-deoxynojirimycin (dnj), a potent α-glycosidase inhibitor, has therapeutic applications in treatments of hiv, gaucher's disease, and diabetes. dnj has been extracted from natural sources (mulberry leaves) for therapeutic purposes; however, dnj ingredients are in limited supply and are costly to obtain on a large scale. since certain strains of bacillus and streptomyces species reportedly produce dnj, they may serve as potential sources for high-yield dnj production. in this study, we obtained e ...201223265519
recombinant production and characterization of an n-acyl-d-amino acid amidohydrolase from streptomyces sp. 64e6.n-acyl-d-amino acid amidohydrolases (d-aminoacylases) are often used as tools for the optical resolution of d-amino acids, which are important products with applications in industries related to medicine and cosmetics. for this study, genes encoding d-aminoacylase were cloned from the genomes of streptomyces spp. using sequence-based screening. they were expressed by escherichia coli and streptomyces lividans. almost all of the cell-free extracts exhibit hydrolytic activity toward n-acetyl-(ac-) ...201223264153
a nadph-dependent (s)-imine reductase (sir) from streptomyces sp. gf3546 for asymmetric synthesis of optically active amines: purification, characterization, gene cloning, and expression.a nadph-dependent (s)-imine reductase (sir) was purified to be homogeneous from the cell-free extract of streptomyces sp. gf3546. sir appeared to be a homodimer protein with subunits of 30.5 kda based on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and hplc gel filtration. it also catalyzed the (s)-enantioselective reduction of not only 2-methyl-1-pyrroline (2-mpn) but also 1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline and 6,7-dimethoxy-1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline. specific activities for their imines were 13 ...201223263364
Taxonomic evaluation of the Streptomyces hygroscopicus clade using multilocus sequence analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, validating the MLSA scheme for systematics of the whole genus.Streptomyces hygroscopicus and related species are the most well known candidate producers of antibiotics and many other industrially and agronomically important secondary metabolites in the genus Streptomyces. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) has shown to be a powerful and pragmatic molecular method for unraveling streptomycete diversities. In this investigation, a multilocus phylogeny of 58 representatives of the S. hygroscopicus 16S rRNA gene clade including S. violaceusniger and related s ...201222172557
kinetic characterization and mg2+ enhancement of streptomyces griseocarneus sphingomyelinase c produced by recombinant streptomyces lividans.sphingomyelinase c (smc) of the actinomycete, streptomycesgriseocarneus nbrc13471, was constitutively expressed to high levels using streptomyces lividans host and thereafter was extracellularly secreted into the cell culture. purified smc had a high specific activity (approximately 550-950 u/mg) and was obtained in high yields (approximately 120 mg/l of culture). smc activity was enhanced by mgcl(2), and the maximum activity (542±25 u/mg) was observed in the presence of 1.5 mol/l (m) mgcl(2). d ...201222027400
characterization of a new scbr-like γ-butyrolactone binding regulator (slbr) in streptomyces coelicolor.γ-butyrolactones in streptomyces are well recognized as bacterial hormones, and they affect secondary metabolism of streptomyces. γ-butyrolactone receptors are considered important regulatory proteins, and various γ-butyrolactone synthases and receptors have been reported in streptomyces. here, we characterized a new regulator, sco0608, that interacted with scb1 (γ-butyrolactone of streptomyces coelicolor) and bound to the scbr/a and adpa promoters. the sco0608 protein sequences are not similar ...201222246527
catechoserine, a new catecholate-type inhibitor of tumor cell invasion from streptomyces sp. 201222252200
jogyamycin, a new antiprotozoal aminocyclopentitol antibiotic, produced by streptomyces sp. a-wm-jg-16.2. 201222234298
inhibition of bacterial carbonic anhydrases and zinc proteases: from orphantargets to innovative new antibiotic drugs.zinc-containing enzymes, such as carbonic anhydrases (cas) and metalloproteases (mps) play critical functions in bacteria, being involved in various steps of their life cycle, which are important for survival, colonization, acquisition of nutrients for growth and proliferation, facilitation of dissemination, invasion and pathogenicity. the development of resistance to many classes of clinically used antibiotics emphasizes the need of new antibacterial drug targets to be explored. there is a weal ...201222214451
cloning and expression of an endo-1, 4-beta-xylanase from the coffee berry borer, hypothenemus hampei.abstract: background: the coffee berry borer, hypothenemus hampei, reproduces and feeds exclusively on the mature endosperm of the coffee seed, which has a cell wall composed mainly of a heterogeneous mixture of hemicellulose polysaccharides, including arabinoxylans. xylanases are digestive enzymes responsible for the degradation of xylan based polymers, hydrolyzing them into smaller molecules that are easier to assimilate by insects. we report the cloning, expression and enzymatic characteriza ...201222233686
analysis of ym-216391 biosynthetic gene cluster and improvement of the cyclopeptide production in heterologous host.ym-216391, an antitumor natural product, represents a new class of cyclic peptides containing a polyoxazole-thiazole moiety. herein we describe its gene cluster encoding the biosynthetic paradigm featuring a ribosomally synthesizing precursor peptide followed by a series of novel posttranslational modifications, which include i) cleavage of both n-terminal leader peptide and c-terminal extension peptide and cyclization in a head-to-tail fashion, ii) conversion of an l-ile to d-allo-ile, and iii) ...201222248379
[phylogenetic diversity of cultivable bacteria during the brewing process of the luzhou-flavor liquor in yibin, sichuan province, china].in order to better understand the diversity of cultivable bacteria during the brewing process of the luzhou-flavor liquor in yibin, and to collect potential microbial resources.201122233056
role of mbth-like proteins in the adenylation of tyrosine during aminocoumarin and vancomycin biosynthesis.mbth-like proteins consist of ∼70 amino acids and are encoded in the biosynthetic gene clusters of non-ribosomally formed peptides and other secondary metabolites derived from amino acids. recently, several mbth-like proteins have been shown to be required for the adenylation of amino acid in non-ribosomal peptide synthesis. we now investigated the role of mbth-like proteins in the biosynthesis of the aminocoumarin antibiotics novobiocin, clorobiocin, and simocyclinone d8 and of the glycopeptide ...201121890635
Avenolide, a Streptomyces hormone controlling antibiotic production in Streptomyces avermitilis.Gram-positive bacteria of the genus Streptomyces are industrially important microorganisms, producing >70% of commercially important antibiotics. The production of these compounds is often regulated by low-molecular-weight bacterial hormones called autoregulators. Although 60% of Streptomyces strains may use ?-butyrolactone-type molecules as autoregulators and some use furan-type molecules, little is known about the signaling molecules used to regulate antibiotic production in many other members ...201121930904
culture-based and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of the bacterial community structure from the intestinal tracts of earthworms(eisenia fetida).the bacterial communities in the intestinal tracts of earthworm were investigated by culture-dependent and - independent approaches. in total, 72 and 55 pure cultures were isolated from the intestinal tracts of earthworms under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. aerobic bacteria were classified as aeromonas (40%), bacillus (37%), photobacterium (10%), pseudomonas (7%), and shewanella (6%). anaerobic bacteria were classified as aeromonas (52%), bacillus (27%), shewanella (12%), paeni ...201121952364
performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing das-68416-4 soybean meal.broiler chickens are a fast growing monogastric animal commonly used to evaluate the equivalence between transgenic and non-transgenic grains as part of the human safety assessment process.  while commonly viewed like other livestock feeding trials, such studies are carried out with transgenic crops with input traits (that are not designed to improve nutrition) to aid regulatory authorities in evaluating safety.  studies of this type are actually more similar to toxicology studies in purpose, wi ...201122008448
evidence that thaxtomin c is a pathogenicity determinant of streptomyces ipomoeae, the causative agent of streptomyces soil rot disease of sweetpotato.streptomyces ipomoeae is the causal agent of streptomyces soil rot of sweetpotato, a disease marked by highly necrotic destruction of adventitious roots, including the development of necrotic lesions on the fleshy storage roots. streptomyces potato scab pathogens produce a phytotoxin (thaxtomin a) that appears to facilitate their entrance into host plants. s. ipomoeae produces a less-modified thaxtomin derivative (thaxtomin c) whose role in pathogenicity has not been examined. here, we cloned ...201122088193
Structure of Streptomyces maltosyltransferase GlgE, a homologue of a genetically validated anti-tuberculosis target.GlgE is a recently identified (1?4)-a-d-glucan:phosphate a-d-maltosyltransferase involved in a-glucan biosynthesis in bacteria and is a genetically validated anti-tuberculosis drug target. It is a member of the GH13_3 CAZy subfamily for which no structures were previously known. We have solved the structure of GlgE isoform I from Streptomyces coelicolor and shown that this enzyme has the same catalytic and very similar kinetic properties to GlgE from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The S. coelicolor ...201121914799
characterization of two isozymes of coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase from streptomyces sp. nl15-2k.we purified two isozymes of coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cadh i and ii) to homogeneity from cell-free extracts of streptomyces sp. nl15-2k. the apparent molecular masses of cadh i and ii were determined to be 143 kda and 151 kda respectively by gel filtration, whereas their subunit molecular masses were determined to be 35,782.2 da and 37,597.7 da respectively by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-ms). thus, it is probable that both isozym ...201121897026
[Isolation and identification of dominant microorganisms in rhizosphere of continuous cropping with peanut].We isolated and identified dominant microorganisms from the rhizosphere of continuous cropping with peanut, to study the relationship between dominant microorganisms and peanut continuous cropping.201121866710
Farinamycin, a quinazoline from Streptomyces griseus.The metabolic potential of a Streptomyces griseus strain was investigated under various cultivation conditions. After fermentation in a flour-based medium, a new quinazoline metabolite, farinamycin (1), could be isolated from the bacterium, which was previously known only for the production of phenoxazinone antibiotics. The structure of 1 illuminates the biosynthetic versatility of S. griseus, which assembles a defined set of building blocks into structurally diverse natural products.201121939253
[studies on the actinobacterial diversity in aiding lake sediments].this study aims at investigating the diversity of actinobacteria in aiding lake, a hypersaline lake and the lowest land point in china.201122097767
Jadomycins derived from the assimilation and incorporation of norvaline and norleucine.Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230 is recognized for the production of chloramphenicol and the jadomycin family of natural products. The jadomycins are angucycline natural products containing a unique oxazolone ring incorporating an amino acid present in the minimal culture media. Substitution of different amino acids results in products of varying biological activity. Analysis of cultures of S. venezuelae ISP5230 incubated with l- and d-norvaline and l- and d-norleucine indicated that only the d-c ...201122050382
A single Streptomyces symbiont makes multiple antifungals to support the fungus farming ant Acromyrmex octospinosus.Attine ants are dependent on a cultivated fungus for food and use antibiotics produced by symbiotic Actinobacteria as weedkillers in their fungus gardens. Actinobacterial species belonging to the genera Pseudonocardia, Streptomyces and Amycolatopsis have been isolated from attine ant nests and shown to confer protection against a range of microfungal weeds. In previous work on the higher attine Acromyrmex octospinosus we isolated a Streptomyces strain that produces candicidin, consistent with an ...201121857911
genome shuffling enhanced ε-poly-l: -lysine production by improving glucose tolerance of streptomyces graminearus.the productivity of ε-poly-l: -lysine (ε-pl) in currently reported wild-type strains is low. here we improved glucose tolerance of a streptomyces graminearus strain ls-b1 by genome shuffling while simultaneously enhancing the ε-pl productivity. the starting population was generated by ultraviolet irradiation and nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis and then subjected for recursive protoplast fusion. the positive colonies from library, created by fusing the inactivated protoplasts were screened on agar p ...201122083395
Inactivation of phosphomannose isomerase gene abolishes sporulation and antibiotic production in Streptomyces coelicolor.Phosphomannose isomerases (PMIs) in bacteria and fungi catalyze the reversible conversion of D: -fructose-6-phosphate to D: -mannose-6-phosphate during biosynthesis of GDP-mannose, which is the main intermediate in the mannosylation of important cell wall components, glycoproteins, and certain glycolipids. In the present study, the kinetic parameters of PMI from Streptomyces coelicolor were obtained, and its function on antibiotic production and sporulation was studied. manA (SCO3025) encoding P ...201121952939
optimization of antimicrobial production by a marine actinomycete streptomyces afghaniensis vpts3-1 isolated from palk strait, east coast of india.totally 25 marine soil samples were collected from the region of palk strait of bay of bengal, tamil nadu, and were subjected to the isolation of actinomycetes. sixty-eight morphologically distinct isolates were obtained and 37% (25) of them had antimicrobial activity. the potential producer was named as streptomyces sp. vpts3-1 and the phylogenetic evaluation on the basis of 16s rdna sequence further categorized the organism as streptomyces afghaniensis vpts3-1. further, the antimicrobial compo ...201123729887
biological pretreatment of lignocellulosic substrates for enhanced delignification and enzymatic digestibility.sheer enormity of lignocellulosics makes them potential feedstock for biofuel production but, their conversion into fermentable sugars is a major hurdle. they have to be pretreated physically, chemically, or biologically to be used by fermenting organisms for production of ethanol. each lignocellulosic substrate is a complex mix of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, bound in a matrix. while cellulose and hemicellulose yield fermentable sugars, lignin is the most recalcitrant polymer, consistin ...201123729871
genome mining reveals two novel bacterial sesquiterpene cyclases: (-)-germacradien-4-ol and (-)-epi-α-bisabolol synthases from streptomyces citricolor.now found in bacteria: an increasing number of genome sequences indicate that bacteria possess a variety of terpenoid cyclase genes. the characterization of two sesquiterpene cyclase (sc) genes found in the draft genome sequence of streptomyces citricolor is described here. our study strongly supports the idea that genome mining is a useful approach in revealing the terpenoid diversity in bacteria.201123106076
a new xylanase from streptomyces megasporus dsm 41476 with high yield of xylobiose.a new xylanase gene, xynbm4, was cloned from streptomyces megasporus dsm 41476 and expressed in pichia pastoris. the full-length gene consists of 1,443 bp and encodes 480 amino acids including a putative 49-residue signal peptide. the deduced amino acid sequence of xynbm4 shows the highest identity of 66.3% to the xylanase xys1l from streptomyces halstedii jm8. the purified recombinant xynbm4 had a high specific activity of 350.7 u mg(-1) towards soluble wheat arabinoxylan, exhibited optimal act ...201122806864
control of potato soft rot caused by pectobacterium carotovorum and pectobacterium atrosepticum by moroccan actinobacteria isolates.pectobacterium carotovorum and pectobacterium atrosepticum are dreadful causal agents of potato soft rot. actually, there are no efficient bactericides used to protect potato against pectobacterium spp. biological control using actinobacteria could be an interesting approach to manage this disease. thus, two hundred actinobacteria isolated from moroccan habitats were tested for their ability to inhibit in vitro 4 environmental pectobacterium strains and the two reference strains (p. carotovorum ...201122806806
aerobic and anaerobic de-epoxydation of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol by bacteria originating from agricultural soil.one hundred and fifty soil samples collected from different crop fields in southern ontario, canada were screened to obtain microorganisms capable of transforming deoxynivalenol (don) to de-epoxy don (de-don). microbial don to de-don transformation (i.e. de-epoxydation) was monitored by using liquid chromatography-ultraviolet-mass spectrometry (lc-uv-ms). the effects of growth substrates, temperature, ph, incubation time and aerobic versus anaerobic conditions on the ability of the microbes to d ...201122806774
plant growth promoting activity of an auxin and siderophore producing isolate of streptomyces under saline soil conditions.a biocontrol streptomyces isolate (c) was tested for its plant growth promoting qualities under saline conditions. exposure to elevated osmotic strengths up to 300 mm nacl increased dry weight and cfu/ml significantly. the isolate c produced indolyl-3-acetic acid (iaa) into the medium in the amount of 2.4 μg/ml. the amount of auxin increased after adding salt and reached to 4.7 μg/ml in 300 mm nacl. biosynthesis of siderophore was detectable and increased in presence of nacl. streptomyces isolat ...201122805932
establishment of an improved high-efficiency thermal asymmetric interlaced pcr for identification of genomic integration sites mediated by phic31 integrase.streptomyces phage phic31 integrase is widely used to mediate the integration of exogenous genes into host genomes for gene therapy and genomic modification, as it autonomously performs efficient, unidirectional, site-specific integration into pseudo attp sites of the host genome. although pseudo attp sites are rarely found within exons, it is necessary to map their precise locations to avoid the risk of insertion mutagenesis. high-efficiency thermal asymmetric interlaced pcr (hitail-pcr) is a t ...201122805850
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