Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| autophagy is an innate mechanism associated with leprosy polarization. | leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that may present different clinical forms according to the immune response of the host. levels of ifn-γ are significantly raised in paucibacillary tuberculoid (t-lep) when compared with multibacillary lepromatous (l-lep) patients. ifn-γ primes macrophages for inflammatory activation and induces the autophagy antimicrobial mechanism. the involvement of autophagy in the immune response against mycobacterium leprae remains unexplored. here, we demonstrated by ... | 2017 | 28056107 |
| pathogenic mechanisms of intracellular bacteria. | we wished to overview recent data on a subset of epigenetic changes elicited by intracellular bacteria in human cells. reprogramming the gene expression pattern of various host cells may facilitate bacterial growth, survival, and spread. | 2017 | 28134679 |
| consensus numbering system for the rifampicin resistance-associated rpob gene mutations in pathogenic mycobacteria. | the rpob gene codes for the rna polymerase β subunit, which is the target of rifampicin, an essential drug in the treatment of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections. this gene is present in all bacteria, but its length and nucleotide sequence vary between bacterial species, including mycobacteria. mutations in the rpob gene alter the structure of this protein and cause drug resistance. to describe the resistance-associated mutations, the scientific and medical communities have been usi ... | 2017 | 27664776 |
| sequential formation of two branched intermediates during protein splicing of class three inteins. | inteins are the protein equivalent of introns. they are seamlessly removed during post-translational maturation of their host protein (extein). inteins from extremophiles played a key role in understanding intein-mediated protein splicing. there are currently three classes of inteins defined by catalytic mechanism and sequence signatures. this study demonstrates splicing of three class 3 mini-inteins: burkholderia vietnamiensis g4 bvi icmo intein, mycobacterium smegmatis mc2 155 msm dnab-1 intei ... | 2017 | 27704298 |
| genomic characterization of nontuberculous mycobacteria. | mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae have remained, for many years, the primary species of the genus mycobacterium of clinical and microbiological interest. the other members of the genus, referred to as nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm), have long been underinvestigated. in the last decades, however, the number of reports linking various ntm species with human diseases has steadily increased and treatment difficulties have emerged. despite the availability of whole genome sequenc ... | 2017 | 28345639 |
| old antibiotics for emerging multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr/xdr-tb). | recently, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) has become a therapeutic challenge. in addition to drug resistance, drug adverse events, intravenous delivery, cost and availability of some antibiotics in low-income countries have led to a look back to old drugs, especially those efficient against closely related organisms such as mycobacterium leprae. here we review the available drugs that respect the conditions above and could be upgraded to first-line therapy for treating mdr-tb and exten ... | 2017 | 28336312 |
| borderline tuberculoid leprosy masquerading as granuloma annulare: a clinical and histological pitfall. | leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by mycobacterium leprae, an intracellular acid-fast bacillus that tends to infect the skin and peripheral nerves. because of the wide array of cutaneous manifestation, diagnosis is not always straightforward, especially in nonendemic regions of the world such as the united states. | 2017 | 28328616 |
| a tale of two neglected tropical infections: using gis to assess the spatial and temporal overlap of schistosomiasis and leprosy in a region of minas gerais, brazil. | despite public health efforts to reduce the global burden of leprosy, gaps remain in the knowledge surrounding transmission of infection. helminth co-infections have been associated with a shift towards the lepromatous end of the disease spectrum, potentially increasing transmission in co-endemic areas. | 2017 | 28327791 |
| polymorphisms in genes tlr1, 2 and 4 are associated with differential cytokine and chemokine serum production in patients with leprosy. | leprosy or hansen's disease is a spectral disease whose clinical forms mostly depends on host's immune and genetic factors. different toll-like receptors (tlr) variants have been described associated with leprosy, but with some lack of replication across different populations. | 2017 | 28327786 |
| analysis of a novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay as a sensitive tool for the diagnosis of indeterminate and tuberculoid forms of leprosy. | clinical diagnosis of indeterminate and tuberculoid leprosy is often difficult due to limited and confounding signs and symptoms. in the current study, we evaluated the utility of new multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using mycobacterium leprae-specific dna sequences in the pseudogene regions of ml1545, ml2180, and ml2179 for pcr-based diagnosis of indeterminate leprosy (ind) and leprosy cases across the immunological spectrum. the sensitivity was compared with that of rlep pcr. | 2017 | 28317797 |
| association of nitric oxide synthase2 gene polymorphisms with leprosy reactions in northern indian population. | the pathogen mycobacterium leprae causes leprosy that affects mainly skin and nerves. polymorphisms of certain genes are substantiated to be associated with the susceptibility/resistance to leprosy. the present investigation addressed the association of nitric oxide synthase2 gene polymorphisms and leprosy in a population from northern part of india. a total of 323 leprosy cases and 288 healthy controls were genotyped for four nos2 promoter variants (rs1800482, rs2779249, rs8078340 and rs2301369 ... | 2017 | 28315742 |
| leprosy on the scalp. | leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae. this bacillus has a high predilection for skin and peripheral nerves. the scalp's anatomical properties do not favor the development of such mycobacterium. we report a case of leprosy with scalp involvement, a rare occurrence in our literature. | 2017 | 28300899 |
| multifaceted role of lipids in mycobacterium leprae. | mycobacterium leprae must adopt a metabolic strategy and undergo various metabolic alterations upon infection to survive inside the human body for years in a dormant state. a change in lipid homeostasis upon infection is highly pronounced in mycobacterium leprae. lipids play an essential role in the survival and pathogenesis of mycobacteria. lipids are present in several forms and serve multiple roles from being a source of nutrition, providing rigidity, evading the host immune response to servi ... | 2017 | 28287297 |
| leprosy: trophic skin ulcers. | leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae. approximately 30% of patients with leprosy develop nerve damage. trophic, or neuropathic, ulcer is a common complication of an anesthetic foot. the term plantar, trophic, or perforating ulcer was introduced in 1959. it was defined as a chronic ulceration of the anesthetic foot, situated in well-defined areas overlying bony prominences, resistant to local and/or systemic therapy, and characterized by a marked tendency to recu ... | 2017 | 28270310 |
| leprosy - one of the many forgotten tropical diseases. | leprosy or hansen disease is caused by an infection of mycobacterium leprae. the large number of undetected cases (2000-2012 years 4 mln people) remains a threat to the elimination of leprosy. leprosy is an unheard in poland and generally is considered a condition so "exotic" that it is not worth to spend more attention to it. forgotten disease in developed countries still thrives in an environment of poor and uneducated. regardless of the conclusion that in the 21st century none infectious dise ... | 2017 | 28258667 |
| association of a new fcn3 haplotype with high ficolin-3 levels in leprosy. | leprosy is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by mycobacterium leprae that mainly affects the skin and peripheral nervous system, leading to a high disability rate and social stigma. previous studies have shown a contribution of genes encoding products of the lectin pathway of complement in the modulation of the susceptibility to leprosy; however, the ficolin-3/fcn3 gene impact on leprosy is currently unknown. the aim of the present study was to investigate if fcn3 polymorphisms (rs532781899: ... | 2017 | 28241035 |
| t helper cells in leprosy: an update. | leprosy is an ancient disease caused by gram positive, rod shaped bacilli called mycobacterium leprae. patients present with varied clinico-pathological disease depending on the host immune response to mycobacterium leprae. thus tuberculoid (tt) and lepromatous (ll) patients represent two ends of a spectrum where the former shows limited disease, high t cell mediate immune (cmi) response and low antibody (hi) levels in serum. in contrast the latter has low t cell and high humoral immune response ... | 2017 | 28235552 |
| leprosy in puerto rico: insight into the new millennia. | leprosy, or hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacillus mycobacterium leprae. in 2000, the world health organization (who) defined the elimination of the disease as a global prevalence of less than one case per 10,000 population. however, disease transmission is an ongoing worldwide public health concern, as evidenced by the more than 220,000 new cases diagnosed each year. | 2017 | 28233305 |
| unexpectedly high leprosy seroprevalence detected using a random surveillance strategy in midwestern brazil: a comparison of elisa and a rapid diagnostic test. | leprosy diagnosis is mainly based on clinical evaluation, although this approach is difficult, especially for untrained physicians. we conducted a temporary campaign to detect previously unknown leprosy cases in midwestern brazil and to compare the performance of different serological tests. | 2017 | 28231244 |
| historical overview of leprosy control in cuba. | introduction leprosy, an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae, affects the nervous system, skin, internal organs, extremities and mucous membranes. biological, social and environmental factors influence its occurrence and transmission. the first effective treatments appeared in 1930 with the development of dapsone, a sulfone. the main components of a control and elimination strategy are early case detection and timely administration of multidrug therapy. objectives review the histor ... | 2017 | 28225542 |
| leprosy reactions: the predictive value of mycobacterium leprae-specific serology evaluated in a brazilian cohort of leprosy patients (u-mdt/ct-br). | leprosy reactions, reversal reactions/rr and erythema nodosum leprosum/enl, can cause irreversible nerve damage, handicaps and deformities. the study of mycobacterium leprae-specific serologic responses at diagnosis in the cohort of patients enrolled at the clinical trial for uniform multidrug therapy regimen for leprosy patients in brazil/u-mdt/ct-br is suitable to evaluate its prognostic value for the development of reactions. | 2017 | 28222139 |
| multibacillary leprosy by population groups in brazil: lessons from an observational study. | leprosy remains an important public health problem in brazil where 28,761 new cases were diagnosed in 2015, the second highest number of new cases detected globally. the disease is caused by mycobacterium leprae, a pathogen spread by patients with multibacillary (mb) leprosy. this study was designed to identify population groups most at risk for mb disease in brazil, contributing to new ideas for early diagnosis and leprosy control. | 2017 | 28192426 |
| a review on dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome among chinese patients with an emphasis on preventing adverse drug reactions with genetic testing. | dapsone is a bactericidal and bacteriostatic against mycobacterium leprae, a causative agent of leprosy. dapsone is also applied in a range of medical fields because of its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome (dhs) is a rare yet serious adverse drug reaction (adr) caused by dapsone involving multiple organs. we performed a systematic review of published articles describing dapsone-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, including all chinese articles and ... | 2017 | 28167593 |
| the influence of innate and adaptative immune responses on the differential clinical outcomes of leprosy. | leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae. according to official reports from 121 countries across five who regions, there were 213 899 newly diagnosed cases in 2014. although leprosy affects the skin and peripheral nerves, it can present across a spectrum of clinical and histopathological forms that are strongly influenced by the immune response of the infected individuals. these forms comprise the extremes of tuberculoid leprosy (tt), with a m. leprae-specific th1, ... | 2017 | 28162092 |
| rifz (amed_0655) is a pathway-specific regulator for rifamycin biosynthesis in amycolatopsis mediterranei. | rifamycin and its derivatives are particularly effective against the pathogenic mycobacteria mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae although the biosynthetic pathway of rifamycin has been extensively studied in amycolatopsis mediterranei, little is known about the regulation in rifamycin biosynthesis. here, an in vivo transposon system was employed to identify genes involved in the regulation of rifamycin production in a. mediterranei u32. in total, nine rifamycin-deficient mutants ... | 2017 | 28159794 |
| nasal pcr assay for the detection of mycobacterium leprae pra gene to study subclinical infection in a community. | leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae. identification of mycobacterium leprae is difficult in part due to the inability of the leprosy bacillus to grow in vitro. a number of diagnostic methods for leprosy diagnosis have been proposed. both serological tests and molecular probes have shown certain potential for detection and identification of mycobacterium leprae in patients. in this study, we have investigated whether mycobacterium leprae dna from the nasal secre ... | 2017 | 28137508 |
| antigen-specific secretion of ifnγ and cxcl10 in whole blood assay detects mycobacterium leprae infection but does not discriminate asymptomatic infection from symptomatic leprosy. | to advance toward a whole blood assay (wba)-based test capable of facilitating the diagnosis of paucibacillary (pb) leprosy, we evaluated a prototype in-tube wba using combinations of mycobacterium leprae antigens. blood was collected from newly diagnosed untreated pb (n=38), multibacillary (mb) (n=30), healthy household contacts (hhc) of mb (n=27), and endemic controls (n=61) residing in goiânia and fortaleza, brazil. blood was incubated with m. leprae cell sonicate, recombinant proteins (46f+l ... | 2017 | 28126361 |
| investigation of a medieval pilgrim burial excavated from the leprosarium of st mary magdalen winchester, uk. | we have examined the remains of a pilgrim burial from st mary magdalen, winchester. the individual was a young adult male, aged around 18-25 years at the time of death. radiocarbon dating showed the remains dated to the late 11th-early 12th centuries, a time when pilgrimages were at their height in europe. several lines of evidence in connection with the burial suggested this was an individual of some means and prestige. although buried within the leprosarium cemetery, the skeleton showed only m ... | 2017 | 28125649 |
| evaluation and monitoring of mycobacterium leprae transmission in household contacts of patients with hansen's disease in colombia. | leprosy in colombia is in a stage of post elimination-since 1997, prevalence of the disease is less than 1/10000. however, the incidence of leprosy has remained stable, with 400-500 new cases reported annually, with mb leprosy representing 70% of these case and 10% having grade 2 disability. thus, leprosy transmission is still occurring, and household contacts (hhcs) of leprosy patients are a population at high risk of contracting and suffering from the effects of the disease during their lifeti ... | 2017 | 28114411 |
| s100a12: friend or foe in pulmonary tuberculosis? | in humans, s100a12 (also named calgranulin c and en-rage) is mainly expressed and secreted by neutrophil granulocytes. extracellular s100a12 is involved in innate immune responses against microorganisms and parasites. s100a12 is a ligand for the receptor for advanced glycation end products (rage), which is a cell surface receptor on macrophages, endothelium, and lymphocytes. in a recent study, realegeno et al. showed that s100a12 exerts antimicrobial activity against mycobacterium leprae in infe ... | 2017 | 28110121 |
| mycobacterial hsp65 antigen upregulates the cellular immune response of healthy individuals compared with tuberculosis patients. | previously we showed that 65-kda mycobacterium leprae heat shock protein (hsp65) is a target for the development of a tuberculosis vaccine. here we evaluated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from healthy individuals or tuberculosis patients stimulated with two forms of hsp65 antigen, recombinant dna that encodes hsp65 (dna-hsp65) or recombinant hsp65 protein (rhsp65) in attempting to mimic a prophylactic or therapeutic study in vitro, respectively. proliferation and cytokine-producing c ... | 2017 | 28059670 |
| number of leprosy reactions during treatment: clinical correlations and laboratory diagnosis. | the occurrence of leprosy reactions, a common event during treatment, may be mostly related to the action of multidrug therapy on mycobacterium leprae. the clinical and laboratory monitoring of patients with reactions is important, since collecting data that assists in predicting the risk of reactions may help to prevent disability. | 2017 | 28001221 |
| qpcr detection of mycobacterium leprae in biopsies and slit skin smear of different leprosy clinical forms. | leprosy, whose etiological agent is mycobacterium leprae, is a chronic infectious disease that mainly affects the skin and peripheral nervous system. the diagnosis of leprosy is based on clinical evaluation, whereas histopathological analysis and bacilloscopy are complementary diagnostic tools. quantitative pcr (qpcr), a current useful tool for diagnosis of infectious diseases, has been used to detect several pathogens including mycobacterium leprae. the validation of this technique in a robust ... | 2017 | 27888674 |
| a unique case of concomitant intra and extracranial hansen's disease. | leprosy is a debilitating disease that usually involves the peripheral branches of the cranial nerves leading to anesthetic/hypoesthetic skin lesions and thickened peripheral nerves. however, the involvement of the central nervous system (cns) is extremely rare. to the best of the author's knowledge, the involvement of the cranial nerve nuclei by leprosy has not been reported in the literature and the present case is the first report of involvement of the facial nerve nuclei by leprosy. | 2017 | 27830326 |
| [immunological evaluation during treatment of a case of borderline lepromatous leprosy]. | leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection that affects skin and peripheral nerves. its prevalence has declined, but is still observed mainly in poor rural areas. | 2017 | 27795222 |
| a negative feedback loop between autophagy and immune responses in mycobacterium leprae infection. | the obligate intracellular bacterium mycobacterium leprae is the causative agent of leprosy and primarily infects macrophages, leading to irreversible nerve damage and deformities. so far, the underlying reasons allowing m. leprae to persist and propagate in macrophages, despite the presence of cellular immunity, are still a mystery. here, we investigated the role of autophagy, a cellular process that degrades cytosolic materials and intracellular pathogens, in m. leprae infection. we found that ... | 2017 | 27854511 |
| presence of viable mycobacterium leprae in environmental specimens around houses of leprosy patients. | leprosy is a chronic systemic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae, one of the first organisms to be established as the cause for disease in humans. because of high prevalence pockets of leprosy in the endemic regions, it is necessary to identify the possible sources of m. leprae in the environment and its mode of transmission. | 2017 | 27514953 |
| leprosy treatment during pregnancy and breastfeeding: a case report and brief review of literature. | leprosy is a chronic disease which primarily affects the skin, mucous membranes and peripheral nerves due to mycobacterium leprae. it is now infrequent in europe and is rarely reported during pregnancy. leprosy can be exacerbated during pregnancy, and without treatment it can permanently damage the skin, nerves, limbs and eyes. therefore, it is important to treat leprosy during pregnancy. this article describes a patient with multibacillary lepromatous leprosy who was treated with multidrug ther ... | 2017 | 27549245 |
| immunohistochemical assessment of cell populations in leprosy-spectrum lesions and reactional forms. | in situ immunophenotyping of leprosy lesions can improve our understanding of the biology of inflammatory cells during the immune response to mycobacterium leprae antigens. in the present study, biopsies from 10 healthy controls and 70 leprosy patients were selected, 10 for each of the following conditions: clinical tuberculoid (tt), borderline tuberculoid (bt), borderline borderline (bb), borderline lepromatous (bl), lepromatous (ll), reversal reaction (r1), and erythema nodosum leprosum (r2). ... | 2017 | 27444702 |
| imported and autochthonous leprosy presenting in madrid (1989-2015): a case series and review of the literature. | leprosy remains infrequent in non-endemic areas. the objective of this study was to describe the cases of leprosy reviewed at a referral unit for imported diseases in europe and to compare these findings with published data on imported leprosy. | 2017 | 27393660 |
| the demographic and clinical characteristics of leprosy in saudi arabia. | leprosy is a chronic disease caused by mycobacterium leprae. although the occurrence of leprosy has declined in saudi arabia, it has not yet been eradicated. to our knowledge, this descriptive retrospective study is the first to assess the clinical presentation of leprosy at the time of diagnosis in saudi arabia. all study subjects were leprosy patients admitted to ibn sina hospital, the only referral hospital for leprosy in saudi arabia, between january 2000 and may 2012. a total of 164 subject ... | 2017 | 26810580 |
| epidemiological aspects of leprosy in juazeiro-ba, from 2002 to 2012. | leprosy is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae, able to infect large numbers of people. this work is relevant to juazeiro-ba, a hyper-endemic area for leprosy, since unravel the behavior of the disease in the area, may suggest the decision making for sectors of surveillance, establishing strategies, organizing and evaluating programs and services. | 2017 | 26734859 |
| unique ttc repeat base pair loss mutation in cases of pure neural leprosy: a survival strategy of mycobacterium leprae? | genomic reduction helps obligate intracellular microbes to survive difficult host niches. adaptation of mycobacterium leprae in cases of pure neural leprosy (pnl) in the intracellular niche of peripheral nerves can be associated with some gene loss. recently, a stable but variable number of tandem repefzats (ttc) have been reported in strains of m. leprae. folp and rpob genes are the two common mutation sites which deal with the susceptibility of the bacteria to drugs. | 2017 | 26288401 |
| study of oxidative stress in different forms of leprosy. | leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae. india records the highest number of new leprosy cases in the world. oxidative stress may play a significant role in leprosy. | 2017 | 26120177 |
| chronicles of gerhard-henrik armauer hansen's life and work. | gerhard-henrik armauer hansen, a norwegian scientist, discovered mycobacterium leprae as the causative organism for leprosy, defying the hereditary affliction theory of the disease. he was born in bergen, norway in 1841 in a danish family. after acquiring his medical degree in 1866 from the university of oslo, he joined as an assistant physician in a leprosy hospital in bergen. in 1873, he published his report claiming leprosy to be an infectious disease with a description of the infectious mate ... | 2017 | 26120145 |
| evaluation of the orofacial lesions in treated leprosy patients. | leprosy is primarily a disease of developmental countries. about 4 million people have or are disabled by leprosy. eighty-six percent of leprosy patients reside in southeast asia and brazil. india accounts for up to 70% of total cases. | 2017 | 25948993 |
| leprosy nephropathy: a review of clinical and histopathological features. | leprosy is a chronic disease caused by mycobacterium leprae, highly incapacitating, and with systemic involvement in some cases. renal involvement has been reported in all forms of the disease, and it is more frequent in multibacillary forms. the clinical presentation is variable and is determined by the host immunologic system reaction to the bacilli. during the course of the disease there are the so called reactional states, in which the immune system reacts against the bacilli, exacerbating t ... | 2017 | 25651321 |
| sensory cutaneous nerve fine-needle aspiration in hansen's disease: a retrospective analysis of our experience. | leprosy affects peripheral nerves. as mycobacterium leprae has unique tropism for schwann cells, thickened sensory cutaneous nerves provide an easy target for the detection of lepra bacilli and other changes associated with the disease. | 2017 | 26729977 |
| t regulatory cells (treg)(tcd4+cd25+foxp3+) distribution in the different clinical forms of leprosy and reactional states. | leprosy is characterized histologically by a spectrum of different granulomatous skin lesions, reflecting patients' immune responses to mycobacterium leprae. although cd4+cd25+ foxp3+ t regulatory cells are pivotal in the immuneregulation, presence, frequency, and distribution of tregs in leprosy, its reactional states have been investigated in few studies. | 2017 | 25672298 |
| mycobacterium leprae in bone marrow. | 2017 | 25031172 | |
| leprosy: a review of laboratory and therapeutic aspects--part 2. | leprosy is a chronic infectious condition caused by mycobacterium leprae(m. leprae). it is endemic in many regions of the world and a public health problem in brazil. additionally, it presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, which are dependent on the interaction between m. leprae and host, and are related to the degree of immunity to the bacillus. the diagnosis of this disease is a clinical one. however, in some situations laboratory exams are necessary to confirm the diagnosis of l ... | 2017 | 24937811 |
| leprosy: review of the epidemiological, clinical, and etiopathogenic aspects - part 1. | leprosy is caused by mycobacterium leprae and has been known since biblical times. it is still endemic in many regions of the world and a public health problem in brazil. the prevalence rate in 2011 reached 1.54 cases per 10,000 inhabitants in brazil. the mechanism of transmission of leprosy consists of prolonged close contact between susceptible and genetically predisposed individuals and untreated multibacillary patients. transmission occurs through inhalation of bacilli present in upper airwa ... | 2017 | 24770495 |
| epidemiological situation of leprosy in salvador from 2001 to 2009. | mycobacterium leprae was first described as the bacillus that causes leprosy, a chronic granulomatous infectious disease, in 1873 by amauer hansen. leprosy is part of a group of 10 neglected diseases and bahia has endemic levels of this illness, varying between high and very high. the detection of 52 new cases of leprosy in children under 15 years old in salvador in 2006 is alarming, and suggests an early contact with the disease. the aim of this review is to analyze the epidemiological situatio ... | 2017 | 24626655 |
| histoid leprosy in varanasi. | seventeen cases of histoid leprosy were found in skin out patients department of institute of medical sciences in one year out of a total of 1394 cases of leprosy registered. the histoid leprosy rate is thus 1.2 %. the total lepromitous leprosy cases were 194 with which lepromatous index works out to be 13.9% about half of the histoid leprosy cases had no antileprosy treatment. bacteriological index was high (4 to 6 + ) and morphological index renged from 20 to 70%. in this study there does not ... | 2017 | 28176731 |
| editorial-mycobacterium leprae captured? | 2017 | 28276399 | |
| mycobacterium lepraemurium uses tlr-6 and mr, but not lipid rafts or dc-sign, to gain access into mouse macrophages. | mycobacterium lepraemurium (mlm), the etiologic agent of murine leprosy, is an intracellular parasite of macrophages; the mechanism used by this bacterium to enter macrophages is not known. the fate of the mlm phagosome inside macrophages is also unknown. this study was conducted to investigate how mlm enters macrophages and to define the maturation process of mlm phagosome inside macrophages. | 2017 | 28317806 |
| protein tagging, destruction and infection. | cells possess protein quality control mechanisms to maintain proper cellular homeostasis. in eukaryotes, the roles of the ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of cellular proteins is well established. recent studies have elucidated protein tagging mechanisms in prokaryotes, involving transfer messenger rna (tmrna) and pupylation. in this review, newer insights and bioinformatics analysis of two distinct bacterial protein tagging machineries are discussed. the machinery for tmrna-me ... | 2017 | 28707598 |
| prof. masao ota. | masao ota was a professor of dermatology at tokyo imperial university. he is known to dermatologists around the world as the researcher who identified nevus of ota. he is also known for his research on hansen's disease. he was critical of the forced isolation policy and the sterilization law. he dreamt of developing chemotherapeutic measures and dedicated himself to cultivating mycobacterium leprae. among his accomplishments, those in the area of medical mycology are particularly remarkable. his ... | 2017 | 28855482 |
| acid-fast bacterium detection and identification from paraffin-embedded tissues using a pcr-pyrosequencing method. | acid-fast bacterium (afb) identification from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (ffpe) tissues is challenging and may not be readily available to the clinical laboratory. a method to detect and identify afb from ffpe tissues using pcr and pyrosequencing (pcr-seq) was developed and evaluated. | 2017 | 28735303 |
| epidemiological perspective of national leprosy eradication programme in maharashtra: focusing on "tribal hot-spot" of tribal district. | leprosy or hansen's disease, a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae is a serious public health concern because of associated case load, morbidity and stigma attached to it. india achieved elimination of leprosy as a public health problem (prevalence rate [pr]<1 case/10,000 population) at the national level on january 1, 2006, still 19% districts in the country report pr more than one. in maharashtra, it is found that very few districts within the state or very few pockets wi ... | 2017 | 28852284 |
| nitazoxanide is active against mycobacterium leprae. | nitazoxanide (ntz) is an anti-parasitic drug that also has activity against bacteria, including mycobacterium tuberculosis. our data using both radiorespirometry and live-dead staining in vitro demonstrate that ntz similarly has bactericidal against m. leprae. further, gavage of m. leprae-infected mice with ntz at 25mg/kg provided anti-mycobacterial activity equivalent to rifampicin (rif) at 10 mg/kg. this suggests that ntz could be considered for leprosy treatment. | 2017 | 28850614 |
| fate of t cells and their secretary proteins during the progression of leprosy. | leprosy is an infectious disease caused by non-cultivable bacteria mycobacterium leprae. ridley and jopling classified the disease into five polar forms, tuberculoid (tt) and lepromatous (ll), in between two forms of the disease borderline tuberculoid (bt), borderline (bb) and borderline lepromatous (bl) are laid. the tuberculoid type (bt/tt) leprosy patients show good recall of cell-mediated immune (cmi) response and th1 type of immune response, while lepromatous leprosy (ll) patients show defe ... | 2017 | 28847289 |
| a macrophage response to mycobacterium leprae phenolic glycolipid initiates nerve damage in leprosy. | mycobacterium leprae causes leprosy and is unique among mycobacterial diseases in producing peripheral neuropathy. this debilitating morbidity is attributed to axon demyelination resulting from direct interaction of the m. leprae-specific phenolic glycolipid 1 (pgl-1) with myelinating glia and their subsequent infection. here, we use transparent zebrafish larvae to visualize the earliest events of m. leprae-induced nerve damage. we find that demyelination and axonal damage are not directly initi ... | 2017 | 28841420 |
| feline leprosy due to candidatus 'mycobacterium lepraefelis': further clinical and molecular characterisation of eight previously reported cases and an additional 30 cases. | this paper, the last in a series of three on 'feline leprosy', provides a detailed description of disease referable to the previously unnamed species, candidatus 'mycobacterium lepraefelis', a close relative of the human pathogens mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium lepromatosis. | 2017 | 28838294 |
| dermoscopy of borderline tuberculoid leprosy. | leprosy is a chronic granulomatous condition caused by mycobacterium leprae, and borderline tuberculoid (bt) leprosy is the most common type of leprosy and presents with large, well- to ill-defined hypopigmented patches. it is known for atypical presentations. dermoscopy of granulomatous conditions is well documented. however, there is no description of dermoscopy of bt leprosy in the literature. authors evaluated the dermoscopic patterns of bt leprosy. | 2017 | 28833001 |
| field-friendly serological tests for determination of m. leprae-specific antibodies. | early detection of leprosy is key to reduce the ongoing transmission. antibodies directed against m. leprae pgl-i represent a useful biomarker for detecting multibacillary (mb) patients. since efficient leprosy diagnosis requires field-friendly test conditions, we evaluated two rapid lateral flow assays (lfa) for detection of mycobacterium leprae-specific antibodies: the visual immunogold onsite leprosy ab rapid test [gold-lfa] and the quantitative, luminescent up-converting phosphor anti-pgl-i ... | 2017 | 28827673 |
| characterization of ofloxacin interaction with mutated (a91v) quinolone resistance determining region of dna gyrase in mycobacterium leprae through computational simulation. | mycobacterium leprae, the causal agent of leprosy is non-cultivable in vitro. thus, the assessment of antibiotic activity against mycobacterium leprae depends primarily upon the time-consuming mouse footpad system. the gyra protein of mycobacterium leprae is the target of the antimycobacterial drug, ofloxacin. in recent times, the gyra mutation (a91v) has been found to be resistant to ofloxacin. this phenomenon has necessitated the development of new, long-acting antimycobacterial compounds. the ... | 2017 | 28822069 |
| characterization of novel bangle lectin from photorhabdus asymbiotica with dual sugar-binding specificity and its effect on host immunity. | photorhabdus asymbiotica is one of the three recognized species of the photorhabdus genus, which consists of gram-negative bioluminescent bacteria belonging to the family morganellaceae. these bacteria live in a symbiotic relationship with nematodes from the genus heterorhabditis, together forming a complex that is highly pathogenic for insects. unlike other photorhabdus species, which are strictly entomopathogenic, p. asymbiotica is unique in its ability to act as an emerging human pathogen. an ... | 2017 | 28806750 |
| a synopsis of the history of hansen's disease. | leprosy is a contagious infectious disease caused by the bacillus mycobacterium leprae. this microorganism was discovered by dr. gerhard hansen, and the illness was then baptized as hansen's disease. for a long time, hansen's disease was thought to be hereditary-a curse or a punishment from god. the disease affects skin and nerves and can cause severe damage. due to its destructive effects, leprosy has caused fear, segregation, and prejudice in all societies since biblical times. patients with h ... | 2017 | 28801812 |
| deciphering the genetic control of gene expression following mycobacterium leprae antigen stimulation. | leprosy is a human infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae. a strong host genetic contribution to leprosy susceptibility is well established. however, the modulation of the transcriptional response to infection and the mechanism(s) of disease control are poorly understood. to address this gap in knowledge of leprosy pathogenicity, we conducted a genome-wide search for expression quantitative trait loci (eqtl) that are associated with transcript variation before and after stimulation wi ... | 2017 | 28793313 |
| leprosy in a lombard-avar cemetery in central italy (campochiaro, molise, 6th-8th century ad): ancient dna evidence and demography. | the study of past infectious diseases increases knowledge of the presence, impact and spread of pathogens within ancient populations. | 2017 | 28715914 |
| innovative tools and approaches to end the transmission of mycobacterium leprae. | leprosy control has seen little innovation and only limited progress in the past decade. however, research on the disease has increased and important innovations are underway. here, we comment on efforts to develop tools and approaches to detect leprosy and to stop the transmission of mycobacterium leprae, the causative bacillus of the disease. the tracing and screening of contacts of known patients with leprosy promises to strengthen early diagnosis, while preventive chemotherapy will reduce th ... | 2017 | 28693856 |
| multidrug therapy for leprosy: a game changer on the path to elimination. | leprosy is present in more than 100 countries, where it remains a major cause of peripheral neuropathy and disability. attempts to eliminate the disease have faced various obstacles, including characteristics of the causative bacillus mycobacterium leprae: the long incubation period, limited knowledge about its mode of transmission, and its poor growth on culture media. fortunately, the leprosy bacillus is sensitive to several antibiotics. the first antibiotic to be widely used for leprosy treat ... | 2017 | 28693853 |
| indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and iron are required for mycobacterium leprae survival. | our previous study has demonstrated that il-10 may modulate both indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) and cd163 expression in lepromatous leprosy (ll) cells, favoring mycobacterium leprae persistence through induction of regulatory pathways and iron storage. here, we observed that in ll lesion cells there is an increase in the expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism such as hemoglobin (hb), haptoglobin, heme oxygenase 1 and transferrin receptor 1 (tfr1) when compared to tuberculoid lepro ... | 2017 | 28684130 |
| the formation of lipid droplets favors intracellular mycobacterium leprae survival in sw-10, non-myelinating schwann cells. | leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that is caused by the obligate intracellular pathogen mycobacterium leprae (m.leprae), which is the leading cause of all non-traumatic peripheral neuropathies worldwide. although both myelinating and non-myelinating schwann cells are infected by m.leprae in patients with lepromatous leprosy, m.leprae preferentially invades the non-myelinating schwann cells. however, the effect of m.leprae infection on non-myelinating schwann cells has not been elucidated. ... | 2017 | 28636650 |
| anti-natural octyl disaccharide-leprosy idri diagnostic (ndo-lid) antibodies as indicators of leprosy reactions and neuritis. | leprosy is a complex infectious and neurological disease caused by mycobacterium leprae. nerve damage is related to immunological hypersensitivity responses known as leprosy reactions (lrs). diagnostic tools to predict lrs are not available. we hypothesized that natural octyl disaccharide-leprosy idri diagnostic (ndo-lid) would be helpful as an indicator of lrs and neuritis. | 2017 | 28633333 |
| whole genome sequencing distinguishes between relapse and reinfection in recurrent leprosy cases. | since leprosy is both treated and controlled by multidrug therapy (mdt) it is important to monitor recurrent cases for drug resistance and to distinguish between relapse and reinfection as a means of assessing therapeutic efficacy. all three objectives can be reached with single nucleotide resolution using next generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of mycobacterium leprae dna present in human skin. | 2017 | 28617800 |
| salivary anti-pgl-1 igm may indicate active transmission of mycobacterium leprae among young people under 16 years of age. | considering that the main route of mycobacterium leprae transmission is the upper respiratory tract, detection of salivary antibodies can be a useful tool for diagnosing early infection. the study aimed to analyze salivary anti-pgl-1 iga and igm antibodies in 169 children aged 4-16 years old, who lived nearby or inside the house of multibacillary or paucibacillary leprosy patients in two endemic cities in alagoas state - brazil. salivary anti-pgl-1 antibodies were quantified by modified elisa me ... | 2017 | 28602616 |
| serum anti-phenolic glycolipid-1 iga correlates to igm isotype in leprosy patients: a possible candidate for seroepidemiological surveys? | the aim of this study was to compare serum anti-phenolic glycolipid-1 iga, igg, and igm levels in leprosy patients and controls. | 2017 | 28594117 |
| dnahsp65 vaccine as therapy against paracoccidioidomycosis. | the conventional treatment for fungal diseases usually shows long periods of therapy and the high frequency of relapses and sequels. new strategies of the treatment are necessary. we have shown that the mycobacterium leprae hsp65 gene can be successfully used as therapy against murine paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm). here, we described the methodology of dnahsp65 immunotherapy in mice infected with the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis, one of pcm agent, evaluating cytokines levels, fu ... | 2017 | 28584985 |
| leprosy in an eight-year-old child - an exceptional case with unusual oral manifestation. | leprosy is a contagious and granulomatous disease which is caused by mycobacterium leprae. the incubation period for leprosy is five to seven years and it can take as long as about 30 years before signs and symptoms of leprosy develop in some patients. it is a chronic systemic disease which mostly affects the skin and peripheral nerves. it has been seen that indeterminate leprosy is the most common type seen in childhood followed by tuberculoid variant. borderline lepromatous and lepromatous lep ... | 2017 | 28571290 |
| cytokines as biomarkers to monitoring the impact of multidrug therapy in immune response of leprosy patients. | leprosy or hansen's disease is a chronic infectious disease of the skin and nerves, caused by the intracellular bacilli mycobacterium leprae. it is characterized by a spectrum of clinical forms depending on the host's immune response to m. leprae. patients with tuberculoid (tt) leprosy have strong cell-mediated immunity (cmi) with elimination of the bacilli, whereas patients with lepromatous (ll) leprosy exhibit defective cmi to m. leprae. despite advances in the understanding of the pathogenesi ... | 2017 | 28570932 |
| qpcr-high resolution melt analysis for drug susceptibility testing of mycobacterium leprae directly from clinical specimens of leprosy patients. | real-time pcr-high resolution melting (qpcr-hrm) analysis has been recently described for rapid drug susceptibility testing (dst) of mycobacterium leprae. the purpose of the current study was to further evaluate the validity, reliability, and accuracy of this assay for m. leprae dst in clinical specimens. | 2017 | 28570560 |
| presence of mycobacterium leprae genotype 4 in environmental waters in northeast brazil. | this study quantified mycobacterium leprae bacilli in environmental water samples from five municipalities in the state of ceará by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) and compared the identified genotypes with those obtained from leprosy patient biopsies. | 2017 | 28562758 |
| the intergenic recombinant hla-b∗46:01 has a distinctive peptidome that includes kir2dl3 ligands. | hla-b(∗)46:01 was formed by an intergenic mini-conversion, between hla-b(∗)15:01 and hla-c(∗)01:02, in southeast asia during the last 50,000 years, and it has since become the most common hla-b allele in the region. a functional effect of the mini-conversion was introduction of the c1 epitope into hla-b(∗)46:01, making it an exceptional hla-b allotype that is recognized by the c1-specific natural killer (nk) cell receptor kir2dl3. high-resolution mass spectrometry showed that hla-b(∗)46:01 has a ... | 2017 | 28514659 |
| in situ complement activation and t-cell immunity in leprosy spectrum: an immunohistological study on leprosy lesional skin. | mycobacterium leprae (m. leprae) infection causes nerve damage and the condition worsens often during and long after treatment. clearance of bacterial antigens including lipoarabinomannan (lam) during and after treatment in leprosy patients is slow. we previously demonstrated that m. leprae lam damages peripheral nerves by in situ generation of the membrane attack complex (mac). investigating the role of complement activation in skin lesions of leprosy patients might provide insight into the dyn ... | 2017 | 28505186 |
| interruption of persistent exposure to leprosy combined or not with recent bcg vaccination enhances the response to mycobacterium leprae specific antigens. | household contacts of multibacillary leprosy patients (hcmb) constitute the group of individuals at the highest risk of developing leprosy. early diagnosis and treatment of their index cases combined with bacille calmette-guerin (bcg) immunization remain important strategies adopted in brazil to prevent hcmb from evolving into active disease. in the present study, we assessed the impact of these measures on the immune response to mycobacterium leprae in hcmb. peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( ... | 2017 | 28467415 |
| severe type 1 upgrading leprosy reaction in a renal transplant recipient: a paradoxical manifestation associated with deficiency of antigen-specific regulatory t-cells? | due to its chronic subclinical course and large spectrum of manifestations, leprosy often represents a diagnostic challenge. even with proper anti-mycobacteria treatment, leprosy follow up remains challenging: almost half of leprosy patients may develop reaction episodes. leprosy is an infrequent complication of solid organ transplant recipients. this case report illustrates the challenges in diagnosing and managing leprosy and its reactional states in a transplant recipient. | 2017 | 28438129 |
| distinct roles of th17 and th1 cells in inflammatory responses associated with the presentation of paucibacillary leprosy and leprosy reactions. | it is well established that helper t cell responses influence resistance or susceptibility to mycobacterium leprae infection, but the role of more recently described helper t cell subsets in determining severity is less clear. to investigate the involvement of th17 cells in the pathogenesis of leprosy, we determined the immune profile with variant presentations of leprosy. firstly, il-17a, ifn-γ and il-10 were evaluated in conjunction with cd4(+) t cell staining by confocal microscopy of lesion ... | 2017 | 28426172 |
| structural and functional changes in the microcirculation of lepromatous leprosy patients - observation using orthogonal polarization spectral imaging and laser doppler flowmetry iontophoresis. | leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection of skin and peripheral nerves caused by mycobacterium leprae and is considered the main infectious cause of disability worldwide. despite the several studies regarding leprosy, little is known about its effects on microvascular structure and function in vivo. thus, we have aimed to compare skin capillary structure and functional density, cutaneous vasomotion (spontaneous oscillations of arteriolar diameter), which ensures optimal blood flow distributi ... | 2017 | 28419120 |
| quinolone resistance-associated amino acid substitutions affect enzymatic activity of mycobacterium leprae dna gyrase. | quinolones are important antimicrobials for treatment of leprosy, a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae. although it is well known that mutations in dna gyrase are responsible for quinolone resistance, the effect of those mutations on the enzymatic activity is yet to be studied in depth. hence, we conducted in vitro assays to observe supercoiling reactions of wild type and mutated m. leprae dna gyrases. dna gyrase with amino acid substitution ala91val possessed the highest ... | 2017 | 28417702 |
| comparing the sensitivity of auramine-rhodamine fluorescence to polymerase chain reaction in the detection of mycobacterium leprae in fite-negative tissue sections. | 2017 | 28411775 | |
| a very common case become rare: anesthetic considerations of lepromatous leprosy. | leprosy or hansen's disease is very uncommon in developed countries. more than 80% of the world's cases occurs and still reported from developing countries. but nowadays due to increase in international affairs, medical tourism, globalization and immigration, there is increasing possibility to find patients anywhere, which require anesthesia for surgical interventions. leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae and involves mainly skin, peripheral nervous system, uppe ... | 2017 | 25885391 |
| [hansen's disease in israel]. | hansen's disease (hd) is an anthropophylic, infectious, chronic disease, caused by mycobacterium leprae. the systemic disease, affecting both males and females at any age, involves mainly the skin and the peripheral nerves located in the limbs close to the skin. traditionally the treatment of hd patients was entrusted to dermatologists. current drug therapy given at an early stage can prevent many of the complications, and enables patients to go on with life. in 95% of the population there is an ... | 2016 | 28530057 |
| viability of mycobacterium leprae in the environment and its role in leprosy dissemination. | leprosy, a chronic disease caused by mycobacterium leprae, is a public health concern in certain countries, including india. although the prevalence of the disease has fallen drastically over time, new cases continue to occur at nearly the same rate in many regions. several endemic pockets have been observed in india and elsewhere. the precise dynamics of leprosy transmission are still not clearly understood. both live bacilli as well as m. leprae dna have been detected in the soil and water of ... | 2016 | 26728806 |
| langerhans cells (cd1a and cd207), dermal dendrocytes (fxiiia) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (cd123) in skin lesions of leprosy patients. | the clinical course of infection with mycobacterium leprae varies widely and depends on the pattern of the host immune response. dendritic cells play an important role in the activation of the innate and adaptive immune system and seem to be essential for the development of the disease. to analyze the presence of epidermal dendritic cells (cd1a and cd207), plasmacytoid dendritic cells (cd123) and dermal dendrocytes (factor xiiia) in lesion fragments of leprosy patients, skin samples from 30 pati ... | 2016 | 26639680 |
| bone changes in an italian ancient human skeleton--possibly caused by leprosy. | leprosy is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium lepromatosis. in the last stage it can afflict the skeleton with a series of specific and non-specific bone changes. the possibility of studyingthe skeleton of an individual who lived in the pre-antibiotic era (roman period) with skeletal changes in the rhino-maxillary region and hand and foot bones, permitted skeletal lesions to be analyzed directly. in addition, the localization and the complexity of the bony les ... | 2016 | 27506007 |
| a case of leprosy in italy: a multifaceted disease which continues to challenge medical doctors. | leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae, characterized by a very long incubation period, confounding signs and symptoms and difficulty to establish the onset time. considering the stigma associated with the diagnosis and the difficulties in detecting asymptomatic leprosy, the incidence and prevalence of this disease are underestimated. in italy, leprosy is currently included among the rare diseases and can occur as an imported pathology in native individuals or ext ... | 2016 | 26018958 |
| leprosy in denmark 1980-2010: a review of 15 cases. | leprosy, caused by mycobacterium leprae, is a chronic and progressive granulomatous disease affecting mainly the skin and the peripheral nervous system. if left unrecognized, the infection can lead to permanent nerve damage and disability. the clinical presentation depends on the immune response of the patient and can result in a wide spectrum of symptoms. leprosy is a rare encounter in scandinavia but remains endemic in some parts of the world, with some areas reporting an increasing incidence. ... | 2016 | 26732436 |
| reciprocity between regulatory t cells and th17 cells: relevance to polarized immunity in leprosy. | t cell defect is a common feature in lepromatous or borderline lepromatous leprosy (ll/bl) patients in contrast to tuberculoid or borderline tuberculoid type (tt/bt) patients. tuberculoid leprosy is characterized by strong th1-type cell response with localized lesions whereas lepromatous leprosy is hallmarked by its selective mycobacterium leprae specific t cell anergy leading to disseminated and progressive disease. foxp3+ regulatory t cells (treg) which are essential for maintaining peripheral ... | 2016 | 26751584 |