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quantitative analysis of periodontal pathogens using real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr).the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) is a variant of pcr aimed to detect and quantify a targeted dna molecule through the addition of probes labeled with fluorescent molecules that emit fluorescence within each amplification cycle, what results in fluorescence values proportional to the amount of accumulated pcr product. this chapter presents the detailed procedures for quantification of different periodontal pathogens (porphyromonas gingivalis, aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ...201727924595
comparison of two different sampling methods for subgingival plaque: subgingival paper points or mouthrinse sample?the collection of subgingival plaque samples with paper points is time-consuming and accident-sensitive. however, the collection of saliva is simple and contains pathogens of all intraoral surfaces. the aim of this study is to investigate whether a sampling strategy with mouthrinse (mouthrinse sample [msp]; test) leads to results comparable with standard sampling method (multiple site test from the deepest pocket of each quadrant [mt4]; control).201727786617
prevalence of eight putative periodontal pathogens in atherosclerotic plaque of coronary artery disease patients and comparing them with noncardiac subjects: a case-control study.the study was aimed to assess the prevalence of periodontal pathogens namely tannerella forsythia (t.f), campylobacter rectus (c.r), eikenella corrodens (e.c), porphyromonas gingivalis (p.g), treponema denticola (t.d), prevotella nigrescens (p.n) ,aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (a.a), p.g (fi ma gene) and prevotella intermedia (p.i), in the subgingival and the atheromatous plaque of patients with coronary artery disease (cad), and comparing them with the noncardiac subjects thereby indica ...201726096116
common polymorphisms in the ifi16 and aim2 genes are associated with periodontal disease.we investigated the single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) context of a previously identified periodontitis-associated locus and examined its association with microbial, biological and periodontal disease clinical parameters.201728387608
behavior of two tannerella forsythia strains and cell surface mutants in multispecies oral biofilms.as a member of subgingival multispecies biofilms, tannerella forsythia is commonly associated with periodontitis. the bacterium has a characteristic cell surface (s-) layer modified with a unique o-glycan. both the s-layer and the o-glycan were analyzed in this study for their role in biofilm formation by employing an in vitro multispecies biofilm model mimicking the situation in the oral cavity. different t. forsythia strains and mutants with characterized defects in cell surface composition we ...201728382776
effect of cigarette smoking on subgingival bacteria in healthy subjects and patients with chronic periodontitis.cigarette smoking is known to increase the risk of periodontal destruction and developing chronic periodontitis (cp). it is also reported to affect the subgingival bacterial profile among cp patients. however, studies on the effect of smoking on the bacterial profile among healthy subjects are still limited. therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of smoking on the subgingival bacterial profile in both healthy adults and cp patients.201728327165
dental plaque microbial profiles of children from khartoum, sudan, with congenital heart defects.few studies have focused on the bacterial species associated with the deterioration of the dental and gingival health of children with congenital heart defects (chd). the aims of this study were (1) to examine the dental plaque of children with chd in order to quantify bacterial load and altered bacterial composition compared with children without chd; and (2) to investigate the correlation between the level of caries and gingivitis and dental biofilm bacteria among those children. in this cross ...201728326155
thoracic empyema caused by campylobacter rectus.we report a case of thoracic empyema caused by campylobacter rectus, an organism considered as a periodontal pathogen but rarely recovered from extraoral specimens. the patient fully recovered through drainage of purulent pleural fluid and administration of antibiotics. the present case illustrates that c. rectus can be a cause of not only periodontal disease but also pulmonary infection.201727681234
quantitative analysis of periodontal pathogens in periodontitis and gingivitis.periodontal tissues surround the teeth and provide their attachment. periodontal diseases include a mild and reversible form named gingivitis and periodontitis that is the main cause of tooth loss in adults. gingivitis, that affects gums and coronal junctional epithelium, as well as periodontitis, that is characterized by loss of connective tissue attachment, are caused by a persistent inflammatory response promoted by alteration of periodontal biofilm. the aim of the study was to test whether t ...201726511188
prevalence of periodontal pathogens among italian patients with chronic periodontitis: a retrospective study on 2992 patients.the aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of some periodontal pathogens in italian adults with chronic periodontitis.201728757933
effects of photodynamic therapy in periodontal treatment: a randomized, controlled clinical trial.to evaluate the effects of photodynamic therapy (pdt) in the nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis.201728667678
herpes simplex 1 and periopathogen role in peri-implantitis.the objectives of this study were to compare the qualitative and quantitative profiles of herpes simplex virus type i (hsv-1) in implant surfaces between participants with peri-implantitis (pi) and healthy peri-implant tissues and to quantitatively assess the relation between hsv-1 and periopathogens inside the microbiological profile associated with pi.201728512280
the oral microbiome and adverse pregnancy outcomes.significant evidence supports an association between periodontal pathogenic bacteria and preterm birth and preeclampsia. the virulence properties assigned to specific oral pathogenic bacteria, for example, fusobacterium nucleatum, porphyromonas gingivalis, filifactor alocis, campylobacter rectus, and others, render them as potential collaborators in adverse outcomes of pregnancy. several pathways have been suggested for this association: 1) hematogenous spread (bacteremia) of periodontal pathoge ...201728848365
maldi-tof ms contribution to the diagnosis of campylobacter rectus multiple skull base and brain abscesses.campylobacter rectus is rarely associated with invasive infection. both the isolation and the identification requirements of c. rectus are fastidious, probably contributing to an underestimation of its burden. we report the case of a 66-year-old man who developed several skull base and intracerebral abscesses after dental intervention. campylobacter rectus was isolated from the brain biopsy. within 45 minutes of reading the bacterial plate, the strain was accurately identified by maldi-tof ms. t ...201728736616
periodontal microbioma and rheumatoid arthritis: the role of porhyromonas gingivalis.rheumatoid arthritis is a disease, which can be described as an autoimmune response after molecular mimicry caused by infective agents. the current study aims at evaluating the correlation between rhematoid arthritis (ra) and periodontal disease (pd), with special attention to the microbioma detected in the gums. thirty-four patients with rd were recruited into the current study. among rheumatic parameters, rheumatoid factor (rf), anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ccp), hla-bdr1 and das28 wer ...201728691459
periodontal pathogenic bacteria and ammp-8 findings depending on periodontal conditions of patients before and after liver transplantation.the aim of this single-center cross-sectional study was to detect the prevalence of selected periodontal pathogenic bacteria and active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (ammp-8) level in patients before (preltx) and after liver transplantation (postltx).201727074844
microbiological, lipid and immunological profiles in children with gingivitis and type 1 diabetes mellitus.the aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of periodontal pathogens, systemic inflammatory mediators and lipid profiles in type 1 diabetes children (dm) with those observed in children without diabetes (ndm), both with gingivitis.201728403363
tlr4, nod1 and nod2 mediate immune recognition of putative newly identified periodontal pathogens.periodontitis is a polymicrobial inflammatory disease that results from the interaction between the oral microbiota and the host immunity. although the innate immune response is important for disease initiation and progression, the innate immune receptors that recognize both classical and putative periodontal pathogens that elicit an immune response have not been elucidated. by using the human oral microbe identification microarray (homim), we identified multiple predominant oral bacterial speci ...201626177212
periodontal pathogens and risk of incident cancer in postmenopausal females: the buffalo osteoperio study.extraoral translocation of oral bacteria may contribute to associations between periodontal disease and cancer. the associations among the presence of three orange-complex periodontal pathogens (fusobacterium nucleatum, prevotella intermedia, and campylobacter rectus), two red-complex periodontal pathogens (porphyromonas gingivalis and tannerella forsythia), and cancer risk were investigated.201626513268
linkages between oral commensal bacteria and atherosclerotic plaques in coronary artery disease patients.coronary artery disease is an inflammatory disorder characterized by narrowing of coronary arteries due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. to date, the accumulated epidemiological evidence supports an association between oral bacterial diseases and coronary artery disease, but has failed to prove a causal link between the two. due to the recent surge in microbial identification and analyses techniques, a number of bacteria have been independently found in atherosclerotic plaque samples from co ...201628649401
microbiota at teeth and implants in partially edentulous patients. a 10-year retrospective study.to determine the microbiota at implants and adjacent teeth 10 years after placement of implants with a sandblasted and acid-etched surface.201625827437
first report of severe acute otitis media caused by campylobacter rectus and review of the literature.campylobacter rectus is a member of the human oral flora and is associated with periodontal disease. we report the first case of severe acute otitis media (aom) due to c. rectus in a previous healthy 15-year-old boy, which was confirmed by 16s ribosomal rna gene sequencing. c. rectus is a possible causative pathogen of aom.201627363873
microbial complexes levels in conventional and self-ligating brackets.the aims were to evaluate the levels of bacterial species in saliva and in situ and to assess whether the design of brackets influences the risk of developing periodontal disease.201627270902
the current weight of evidence of the microbiologic profile associated with peri-implantitis: a systematic review.there is currently no consensus regarding microorganisms that may be considered true peri-implant pathogens. therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to determine the weight of evidence for microorganisms related to peri-implantitis based on results of association studies.201627420109
does obesity influence the subgingival microbiota composition in periodontal health and disease?to evaluate whether obesity affects the subgingival microbial composition of patients with periodontal health or chronic periodontitis (cp).201627717180
longitudinal study on clinical and microbial analysis of periodontal status in pregnancy.this study was aimed to provide a longitudinal overview of the subgingival bacterial microbiome using fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) technique, in women in the second trimester of pregnancy (between 14 and 24 weeks), and 48 h and 8 weeks postpartum. of 31 women evaluated during pregnancy, 24 returned for the 48-h and 18 for their 8-week exams postpartum. probing depth (pd), bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, and presence of calculus were recorded. subgingival plaque sampl ...201627556678
bacterial load of periodontal pathogens among italian patients with chronic periodontitis: a comparative study of three different areas.the aim of the present study was to evaluate the mean bacterial load of some periodontal pathogenic bacteria in italian patients affected by chronic periodontitis. the sample consisted of 1,762 patients with a clinical diagnosis of chronic periodontitis based on the criteria of the american academy of periodontology sampled in the period 2013-2015; 1,323 patients were from northern italy, 317 from central italy and 122 from southern italy. samples for microbiological analysis were collected from ...201627469562
evaluation of the efficacy of a new oral gel containing carvacrol and thymol for home oral care in the management of chronic periodontitis using pcr analysis: a microbiological pilot study.the use of chemical devices for domestic oral hygiene in periodontal patients has led to new treatment strategies aiming primarily at a control of infection. over the last few years, carvacrol and thymol (ct) have been subjected to many scientific and medical studies. the purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of ct on the red complex bacteria using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for microbiological analysis. five patients with a diagnosis of chronic periodontitis in the age grou ...201627469559
oral microbiota, periodontal status, and osteoporosis in postmenopausal females.alterations in hormone levels during menopause decrease bone density and may worsen oral health, favoring the growth of periodontal pathogens, whose detection could improve the diagnosis of periodontitis. the aim of this study is to detect and quantify the main periodontal pathogens in the oral microbiota of postmenopausal females and to explore the relationship between clinical and periodontal parameters.201626469811
microbiologic and clinical findings of implants in healthy condition and with peri-implantitis.to compare implants in healthy conditions and implants with peri-implantitis with regard to their clinical parameters and the microbiologic composition at the peri-implant sulcus, inside the implant connection, and the gingival sulcus of neighboring teeth.201626252036
detection of subgingival periodontal pathogens--comparison of two sampling strategies.the aim of the study is to compare detection frequency of periodontal pathogens in patients with aggressive/severe chronic periodontitis using pooled plaque samples from the deepest pockets per quadrant/per sextant.201626193958
microbial dynamics during conversion from supragingival to subgingival biofilms in an in vitro model.the development of dental caries and periodontal diseases result from distinct shifts in the microbiota of the tooth-associated biofilm. this in vitro study aimed to investigate changes in biofilm composition and structure, during the shift from a 'supragingival' aerobic profile to a 'subgingival' anaerobic profile. biofilms consisting of actinomyces oris, candida albicans, fusobacterium nucleatum, streptococcus oralis, streptococcus mutans and veillonella dispar were aerobically grown in saliva ...201626033167
influence of highly-active antiretroviral therapy on the subgingival biofilm in hiv-infected patients.highly-active antiretroviral therapy (haart) has been associated with alterations in subgingival biofilm and periodontal disease. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between different haart regimens and the prevalence of periodontal pathogens in hiv-infected patients with chronic periodontitis.201625283543
mefit: merging and filtering tool for illumina paired-end reads for 16s rrna amplicon sequencing.recent advances in next-generation sequencing have revolutionized genomic research. 16s rrna amplicon sequencing using paired-end sequencing on the miseq platform from illumina, inc., is being used to characterize the composition and dynamics of extremely complex/diverse microbial communities. for this analysis on the illumina platform, merging and quality filtering of paired-end reads are essential first steps in data analysis to ensure the accuracy and reliability of downstream analysis.201627905885
peripheral blood leukocytes interleukin-1 beta (il-1β) cytokine hyper-reactivity in chronic periodontitis.background levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine (il-1β) released by peripheral blood leukocyte medium (pblm), isolated from chronic periodontitis patients (p) before therapy and matched to controls, were determined in the presence or absence of non-opsonized escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus. material and methods in this investigation, 26 patients with untreated, severe, generalized, chronic periodontitis and 26 healthy subjects (h) were enrolled. periodontal status was assessed by measu ...201627847385
effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on transferrin serum levels in patients with chronic periodontitis.background. transferrin is a negative acute phase protein, which decreases during inflammation and infection. the aim of the present investigation was to evaluate changes in the transferrin serum levels subsequent to non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontal disease. methods. twenty patients with chronic periodontitis and 20 systemically healthy subjects without periodontal disease, who had referred to tabriz faculty of dentistry, were selected. transferrin serum levels and clinical periodon ...201627651883
smoking, pregnancy and the subgingival microbiome.the periodontal microbiome is known to be altered during pregnancy as well as by smoking. however, despite the fact that 2.1 million women in the united states smoke during their pregnancy, the potentially synergistic effects of smoking and pregnancy on the subgingival microbiome have never been studied. subgingival plaque was collected from 44 systemically and periodontally healthy non-pregnant nonsmokers (control), non-pregnant smokers, pregnant nonsmokers and pregnant smokers and sequenced us ...201627461975
evaluation of moxifloxacin-hydroxyapatite composite graft in the regeneration of intrabony defects: a clinical, radiographic, and microbiological study.the formation of new connective periodontal attachment is contingent upon the elimination or marked reduction of pathogens at the treated periodontal site. an anti-microbial agent, i.e. moxifloxacin has been incorporated into the bone graft to control infection and facilitate healing during and after periodontal therapy.201627630501
the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of peri-implantitis.introduction. the aim of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of addition of the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy to the conventional approach in the treatment of peri-implantitis. materials and methods. forty patients were randomly assigned to test or control groups. patients were assessed at baseline and at six (t1), twelve (t2), and twenty-four (t3) weeks recording plaque index (pli), probing pocket depth (ppd), and bleeding on probing (bop); control group received conventional pe ...201627429618
non-inflammatory destructive periodontal disease.non-inflammatory destructive periodontal disease (nidpd), is a severe destructive periodontal disease, that is characterized by the attachment loss and alveolar bone loss, without signs of the gingival inflammation, and the periodontal pocket development.201627053968
comparison of the detection of periodontal pathogens in bacteraemia after tooth brushing by culture and molecular techniques.the prevalence and amounts of periodontal pathogens detected in bacteraemia samples after tooth brushing-induced by means of four diagnostic technique, three based on culture and one in a molecular-based technique, have been compared in this study.201626946197
polymerase chain reaction: a molecular diagnostic tool in periodontology.this review discusses the principles of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and its application as a diagnostic tool in periodontology. the relevant medline and pubmed indexed journals were searched manually and electronically by typing pcr, applications of pcr, pcr in periodontics, polymorphism studies in periodontitis, and molecular techniques in periodontology. the searches were limited to articles in english language and the articles describing pcr process and its relation to periodontology were ...201627143822
porphyromonas gingivalis within placental villous mesenchyme and umbilical cord stroma is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome.intrauterine presence of porphyromonas gingivalis (pg), a common oral pathobiont, is implicated in preterm birth. our aim was to determine if the location of pg within placental and/or umbilical cord sections was associated with a specific delivery diagnosis at preterm delivery (histologic chorioamnionitis, chorioamnionitis with funisitis, preeclampsia, and preeclampsia with hellp-syndrome, small for gestational age). the prevalence and location of pg within archived placental and umbilical cord ...201626731111
infectious and coronary artery disease.atherosclerotic event is one of the most causes of death in the world. coronary artery disease (cad) is one manifestation of atherosclerosis. it is well-known that several risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus (dm), smoking, hypertension (htn), have effects on it. it is proposed that infection can lead to atherosclerosis or even make its process faster. here, we discuss about the effect of some of infectious agents on the atherosclerosis and cad.201627114736
optimized use of the maldi biotyper system and the filmarray bcid panel for direct identification of microbial pathogens from positive blood cultures.despite the current reliance on blood cultures (bcs), the diagnosis of bloodstream infections (bsis) can be sped up using new technologies performed directly on positive bc bottles. two methods (the maldi biotyper system and filmarray blood culture identification [bcid] panel) are potentially applicable. in this study, we performed a large-scale clinical evaluation (1,585 microorganisms from 1,394 bsi episodes) on the combined use of the maldi biotyper and filmarray bcid panel compared to a refe ...201626677254
the relationship between the immune system and oral manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease: a review.inflammatory bowel diseases (ibds) are chronic, relapsing inflammatory diseases characterized by exacerbations and remissions of the gastrointestinal tract, clinically manifested as crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. the etiology of ibds is considered to be multi factorial, comprising environmental, immune, microbial and genetic factors. clinical signs may include abdominal pain, frequent bloody diarrheas, mucorrhea, vomiting, fever, fatigue or weight loss. changes in the oral cavity often ...201627833449
comparative metagenomics reveals taxonomically idiosyncratic yet functionally congruent communities in periodontitis.the phylogenetic characteristics of microbial communities associated with periodontitis have been well studied, however, little is known about the functional endowments of this ecosystem. the present study examined 73 microbial assemblages from 25 individuals with generalized chronic periodontitis and 25 periodontally healthy individuals using whole genome shotgun sequencing. core metabolic networks were computed from taxa and genes identified in at least 80% of individuals in each group. 50% of ...201627991530
associations between periodontal microbiota and death rates.it is conceived that specific combinations of periodontal bacteria are associated with risk for the various forms of periodontitis. we hypothesized that such specificity is also related to human cause-specific death rates. we tested this hypothesis in a representative sample of the us population followed for a mean duration of 11 years and found that two specific patterns of 21 serum antibodies against periodontal bacteria were significantly associated with increased all-cause and/or diabetes-re ...201627748442
salivary periodontopathic bacteria in children and adolescents with down syndrome.to assess and compare salivary periodontopathic bacteria between groups of down syndrome and non-down syndrome children and adolescents.201627727287
sensitivity and specificity of subgingival bacteria in predicting preterm birth- a pilot cohort study.preterm birth (ptb) increases the risk of adverse outcomes for new born infants. subgingival bacteria are implicated in causing ptb. the aim of the present study was to assess the accuracy of some subgingival gram positive and gram negative bacteria detected by routine lab procedures in predicting ptb.201627833518
microbial profiles and detection techniques in peri-implant diseases: a systematic review.to describe the microbial profiles of peri-implant diseases and the main detection methods.201627833735
the role of nutrition in periodontal health: an update.periodontal health is influenced by a number of factors such as oral hygiene, genetic and epigenetic factors, systemic health, and nutrition. many studies have observed that a balanced diet has an essential role in maintaining periodontal health. additionally, the influences of nutritional supplements and dietary components have been known to affect healing after periodontal surgery. studies have attempted to find a correlation between tooth loss, periodontal health, and nutrition. moreover, bon ...201627589794
oral behavior, dental, periodontal and microbiological findings in patients undergoing hemodialysis and after kidney transplantation.aim of this single center cross-sectional study was to investigate oral behavior, dental, periodontal and microbiological findings in patients undergoing hemodialysis (hd) and after kidney transplantation (kt).201627531498
clinical, radiographic and microbiological evaluation of high level laser therapy, a new photodynamic therapy protocol, in peri-implantitis treatment; a pilot experience.aim. endosseous implants are widely used to replace missing teeth but mucositis and peri-implantitis are the most frequent long-term complications related with dental implants. removing all bacterial deposits on contaminated implant surface is very difficult due to implant surface morphology. the aim of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal potential of photodynamic therapy by using a new high level laser irradiation protocol associated with hydrogen peroxide in peri-implantitis. materials ...201627379251
adjunctive use of essential oils following scaling and root planing -a randomized clinical trial.hitherto no study has been published on the effect of the adjunctive administration of essential oils following scaling and root planing (srp). this study describes the effect of a mouthrinse consisting of essential oils (cymbopogon flexuosus, thymus zygis and rosmarinus officinalis) following srp by clinical and microbiological variables in patients with generalized moderate chronic periodontitis.201627266517
quantitative molecular detection of 19 major pathogens in the interdental biofilm of periodontally healthy young adults.in oral health, the interdental spaces are a real ecological niche for which the body has few or no alternative defenses and where the traditional daily methods for control by disrupting biofilm are not adequate. the interdental spaces are the source of many hypotheses regarding their potential associations with and/or causes of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, degenerative disease, and depression. this pcr study is the first to describe the interdental microbiota in hea ...201627313576
frequency of periodontal pathogens and helicobacter pylori in the mouths and stomachs of obese individuals submitted to bariatric surgery: a cross-sectional study.this cross-sectional study compared the frequency of oral periodontopathogens and h. pylori in the mouths and stomachs of obese individuals with or without periodontitis submitted to bariatric surgery.201627383704
nonsyndromic localized aggressive periodontitis of primary dentition: a rare case report.periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the gingiva and tissues of the periodontium. it is characterized by pocket formation and destruction of supporting alveolar bone. periodontal diseases of aggressive nature are not very common in children. they are usually associated with systemic conditions. the present case report is of a 5-year-old male child who reported with rapid attachment loss and bony defects of the gingiva and supporting structures. his family and medical history gave no contr ...201627307682
accuracy of commercial kits and published primer pairs for the detection of periodontopathogens.despite the input of microbiome research, a group of 20 bacteria continues to be the focus of periodontal diagnostics and therapy. the aim of this study was to compare three commercial kits and laboratory-developed primer pairs for effectiveness in detecting such periodontopathogens.201627020914
genome-wide association study of biologically informed periodontal complex traits offers novel insights into the genetic basis of periodontal disease.genome-wide association studies (gwas) of chronic periodontitis (cp) defined by clinical criteria alone have had modest success to-date. here, we refine the cp phenotype by supplementing clinical data with biological intermediates of microbial burden (levels of eight periodontal pathogens) and local inflammatory response (gingival crevicular fluid il-1β) and derive periodontal complex traits (pcts) via principal component analysis. pcts were carried forward to gwas (∼2.5 million markers) to iden ...201626962152
detection of cfxa2, cfxa3, and cfxa6 genes in beta-lactamase producing oral anaerobes.purpose the aim of this study was to identify β-lactamase-producing oral anaerobic bacteria and screen them for the presence of cfxa and blatem genes that are responsible for β-lactamase production and resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. material and methods periodontal pocket debris samples were collected from 48 patients with chronic periodontitis and anaerobically cultured on blood agar plates with and without β-lactam antibiotics. presumptive β-lactamase-producing isolates were evaluated for ...201627119762
management of diabolical diabetes mellitus and periodontitis nexus: are we doing enough?periodontitis is the commonest oral disease affecting population worldwide. this disease is notorious for the devastation of tooth supporting structures, ensuing in the loss of dentition. the etiology for this disease is bacterial biofilm, which accumulates on the teeth as dental plaque. in addition to the biofilm microorganisms, other factors such as environmental, systemic and genetic are also responsible in progression of periodontitis. diabetes mellitus (dm) is metabolic disorder which has a ...201626962409
identification of known and novel recurrent viral sequences in data from multiple patients and multiple cancers.virus discovery from high throughput sequencing data often follows a bottom-up approach where taxonomic annotation takes place prior to association to disease. albeit effective in some cases, the approach fails to detect novel pathogens and remote variants not present in reference databases. we have developed a species independent pipeline that utilises sequence clustering for the identification of nucleotide sequences that co-occur across multiple sequencing data instances. we applied the workf ...201626907326
influence of type 2 diabetes on prevalence of key periodontal pathogens, salivary matrix metalloproteinases, and bone remodeling markers in sudanese adults with and without chronic periodontitis.this study compared the influence of type 2 diabetes on the occurrence of six periodontal pathogens in plaque samples of patients with and without chronic periodontitis. levels of salivary mmp-8, mmp-9, rankl, and opg were also investigated. the study enrolled 31 patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis (dm + cp), 29 with chronic periodontitis (cp), and 20 with type 2 diabetes (dm). questionnaire-guided interviews were conducted and plaque index, bleeding on probing, and pocket de ...201626989414
periodontal disease's contribution to alzheimer's disease progression in down syndrome.people with down syndrome (ds) are at an increased risk for alzheimer's disease (ad). after 60 years of age, >50% of ds subjects acquire dementia. nevertheless, the age of onset is highly variable possibly because of both genetic and environmental factors. genetics cannot be modified, but environmental risk factors present a potentially relevant intervention for ds persons at risk for ad. among them, inflammation, important in ad of ds type, is potential target. consistent with this hypothesis, ...201627239536
impact of denture cleaning method and overnight storage condition on denture biofilm mass and composition: a cross-over randomized clinical trial.appropriate oral hygiene is required to maintain oral health in denture wearers. this study aims to compare the role of denture cleaning methods in combination with overnight storage conditions on biofilm mass and composition on acrylic removable dentures.201626730967
oxidative stress and igg antibody modify periodontitis-crp association.in a previous report, we demonstrated the inverse association of high serum 8-isoprostane levels, a marker for oxidative stress, with decreased serum igg antibodies to oral bacteria. the association between increased serum igg with increased plaque and periodontitis (increased probing depths) was attenuated by high systemic oxidative stress. other investigations have reported a role for systemic oxidative stress as a stimulus of hepatic c-reactive protein (crp) response. these observations led u ...201526318589
tlr expression profile of human gingival margin-derived stem progenitor cells.gingival margin-derived stem/progenitor cells (g-mscs) show remarkable periodontal regenerative potential in vivo. during regeneration, g-mscs may interact with their inflammatory environment via toll-like-receptors (tlrs). the present study aimed to depict the g-mscs tlrs expression profile.201526615501
tlr expression profile of human gingival margin-derived stem progenitor cells.gingival margin-derived stem/progenitor cells (g-mscs) show remarkable periodontal regenerative potential in vivo. during regeneration, g-mscs may interact with their inflammatory environment via toll-like-receptors (tlrs). the present study aimed to depict the g-mscs tlrs expression profile.201526615501
proteomic profiling of host-biofilm interactions in an oral infection model resembling the periodontal pocket.periodontal infections cause inflammatory destruction of the tooth supporting tissues. we recently developed a dynamic, in vitro periodontal organotypic tissue model in a perfusion bioreactor system, in co-culture with an 11-species subgingival biofilm, which may recapitulate early events during the establishment of periodontal infections. this study aimed to characterize the global proteome regulations in this host-biofilm interaction model. semi-quantitative shotgun proteomics were applied for ...201526525412
a randomized clinical trial of an adjunct diode laser application for the nonsurgical treatment of peri-implantitis.in this radiographic and microbiologic split-mouth clinical trial, efficacy of a diode laser as an adjunct to conventional scaling in the nonsurgical treatment of peri-implantitis was investigated.201526382562
towards microbiome transplant as a therapy for periodontitis: an exploratory study of periodontitis microbial signature contrasted by oral health, caries and edentulism.conventional periodontal therapy aims at controlling supra- and subgingival biofilms. although periodontal therapy was shown to improve periodontal health, it does not completely arrest the disease. almost all subjects compliant with periodontal maintenance continue to experience progressive clinical attachment loss and a fraction of them loses teeth. an oral microbial transplant may be a new alternative for treating periodontitis (inspired by fecal transplant). first, it must be established tha ...201526468081
incorporation of staphylococci into titanium-grown biofilms: an in vitro "submucosal" biofilm model for peri-implantitis.staphylococcus spp. are postulated to play a role in peri-implantitis. this study aimed to develop a "submucosal" in vitro biofilm model, by integrating two staphylococci into its composition.201526461083
incorporation of staphylococci into titanium-grown biofilms: an in vitro "submucosal" biofilm model for peri-implantitis.staphylococcus spp. are postulated to play a role in peri-implantitis. this study aimed to develop a "submucosal" in vitro biofilm model, by integrating two staphylococci into its composition.201526461083
the inflammasome and danger molecule signaling: at the crossroads of inflammation and pathogen persistence in the oral cavity.inflammasomes are an oligomeric assembly of multiprotein complexes that activate the caspase-1-dependent maturation and the subsequent secretion of inflammatory interleukin-1beta and interleukin-18 cytokines in response to a 'danger signal' in vertebrates. the assessment of their significance continues to grow rapidly as the complex biology of various chronic inflammatory conditions is better dissected. increasing evidence strongly links inflammasomes and host-derived small 'danger molecule atp' ...201526252403
point-of-care diagnosis of periodontitis using saliva: technically feasible but still a challenge.periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of the periodontium caused by persistent bacterial infection that leads to the breakdown of connective tissue and bone. because the ability to reconstruct the periodontium is limited after alveolar bone loss, early diagnosis and intervention should be the primary goals of periodontal treatment. however, periodontitis often progresses without noticeable symptoms, and many patients do not seek professional dental care until the periodontal destruction progre ...201526389079
the influence of smoking on the peri-implant microbiome.smokers are at high risk for 2 bacterially driven oral diseases: peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to use a deep-sequencing approach to identify the effect of smoking on the peri-implant microbiome in states of health and disease. peri-implant biofilm samples were collected from 80 partially edentulous subjects with peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis. bacterial dna was isolated and 16s ribsomal rna gene li ...201526124222
periodontal bacteria and prediabetes prevalence in origins: the oral infections, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance study.periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus are known to be associated. the relationship between periodontal microbiota and early diabetes risk has not been studied. we investigated the association between periodontal bacteria and prediabetes prevalence among diabetes-free adults. origins (the oral infections, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance study) cross sectionally enrolled 300 diabetes-free adults aged 20 to 55 y (mean ± sd, 34 ± 10 y; 77% female). prediabetes was defined as follows: ...201526082387
the expression of gingival epithelial junctions in response to subgingival biofilms.periodontitis is an infectious inflammatory disease that destroys the tooth-supporting tissues. it is caused by the formation of subgingival biofilms on the surface of the tooth. characteristic bacteria associated with subgingival biofilms are the gram-negative anaerobes porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythia and treponema denticola, collectively known as the "red complex" species. inter-epithelial junctions ensure the barrier integrity of the gingival epithelium. this may however be dis ...201526305580
microbiological and clinical effects of enamel matrix derivative and sustained-release micro-spherical minocycline application as an adjunct to non-surgical therapy in peri-implant mucosal inflammation.the purpose of this study was to compare the microbial and clinical effects of mechanical debridement (md) alone or in combination with the application of enamel matrix derivative (emd) and sustained-release micro-spherical minocycline (msm) for treatment of peri-implant mucosal infl ammation (pimi).201526339576
a randomized trial of ethyl lauroyl arginate-containing mouthrinse in the control of gingivitis.this 4-week, single-centre, randomized, examiner-blind, controlled study investigated the efficacy and safety of 0.15% ethyl lauroyl arginate (lae)-containing mouthrinse in adults with mild-to-moderate gingivitis.201526087864
should antibiotics be prescribed to treat chronic periodontitis?although scaling and root planing is a cost-effective approach for initial treatment of chronic periodontitis, it fails to eliminate subgingival pathogens and halt progressive attachment loss in some patients. adjunctive use of systemic antibiotics immediately after completion of scaling and root planing can enhance the degree of clinical attachment gain and probing depth reduction provided by nonsurgical periodontal treatment. this article discusses the rationale for prescribing adjunctive anti ...201526427574
periodontal diseases: bug induced, host promoted. 201526226364
periodontal microbiota and phospholipases: the oral infections and vascular disease epidemiology study (invest).periodontal infections have been linked to cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis, and systemic inflammation has been proposed as a possible mediator. secretory phospholipase a2 (s-pla2) and lipoprotein-associated pla2 (lp-pla2) are inflammatory enzymes associated with atherosclerosis. no data are available on the association between oral microbiota and pla2s. we studied whether a relationship exists between periodontal microbiota and the activities of these enzymes.201526282947
exploring salivary microbiota in aids patients with different periodontal statuses using 454 gs-flx titanium pyrosequencing.patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) are at high risk of opportunistic infections. oral manifestations have been associated with the level of immunosuppression, these include periodontal diseases, and understanding the microbial populations in the oral cavity is crucial for clinical management. the aim of this study was to examine the salivary bacterial diversity in patients newly admitted to the aids ward of the public health clinical center (china). saliva samples were colle ...201526191508
a biofilm pocket model to evaluate different non-surgical periodontal treatment modalities in terms of biofilm removal and reformation, surface alterations and attachment of periodontal ligament fibroblasts.there is a lack of suitable in vitro models to evaluate various treatment modalities intending to remove subgingival bacterial biofilm. consequently, the aims of this in vitro-study were: a) to establish a pocket model enabling mechanical removal of biofilm and b) to evaluate repeated non-surgical periodontal treatment with respect to biofilm removal and reformation, surface alterations, tooth hard-substance-loss, and attachment of periodontal ligament (pdl) fibroblasts.201526121365
effects of hangeshashinto on growth of oral microorganisms.oral mucositis (om) in cancer patients induced by chemotherapy or radiotherapy has a significant impact on quality of life, and causes considerable morbidity. oral microorganisms are likely to intensify the inflammatory process and aggravate the formation of ulcers. hangeshashinto (hst), a japanese kampo medicine, has been reported to be effective when used as a gargle for the treatment of om. to clarify the effects of hst on oral microorganisms, we assessed its antimicrobial activity against 27 ...201526170876
increased infection with key periodontal pathogens during gestational diabetes mellitus.gestational diabetes mellitus (gdm), gingivitis, infection with specific periodontal pathogens and systemic inflammation each increase the risk for poor pregnancy outcome. we set out to monitor the interactions of gingivitis and gdm with respect to oral infection and the systemic inflammatory burden.201525959628
long-term evaluation of the antimicrobial susceptibility and microbial profile of subgingival biofilms in individuals with aggressive periodontitis.this study evaluates the antimicrobial susceptibility and composition of subgingival biofilms in generalized aggressive periodontitis (gap) patients treated using mechanical/antimicrobial therapies, including chlorhexidine (chx), amoxicillin (amx) and metronidazole (met). gap patients allocated to the placebo (c, n = 15) or test group (t, n = 16) received full-mouth disinfection with chx, scaling and root planning, and systemic amx (500 mg)/met (250 mg) or placebos. subgingival plaque samples we ...201526273264
periodontal health awareness among gynecologists in riyadh, saudi arabia.to determine the knowledge of periodontal disease and pregnancy outcomes among the gynecologists practicing in riyadh, saudi arabia.201526236681
functional signatures of oral dysbiosis during periodontitis progression revealed by microbial metatranscriptome analysis.periodontitis is a polymicrobial biofilm-induced inflammatory disease that affects 743 million people worldwide. the current model to explain periodontitis progression proposes that changes in the relative abundance of members of the oral microbiome lead to dysbiosis in the host-microbiome crosstalk and then to inflammation and bone loss. using combined metagenome/metatranscriptome analysis of the subgingival microbiome in progressing and non-progressing sites, we have characterized the distinct ...201525918553
pseudomonas aeruginosa and periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity and lungs of cystic fibrosis patients: a case-control study.cystic fibrosis (cf) is the most frequent lethal genetic disease in the caucasian population. lung destruction is the principal cause of death by chronic pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization. there is a high prevalence of oropharyngeal anaerobic bacteria in sputum of cf patients. this study was carried out due to the lack of results comparing subgingival periodontal pathogenic bacteria between the oral cavity and lungs in patients with cf in relation with p. aeruginosa presence. our first goal wa ...201525854483
relationship between gingival inflammation and pregnancy.an increase in the prevalence and severity of gingival inflammation during pregnancy has been reported since the 1960s. though the etiology is not fully known, it is believed that increasing plasma sex steroid hormone levels during pregnancy have a dramatic effect on the periodontium. current works of research have shown that estrogen and progesterone increasing during pregnancy are supposed to be responsible for gingivitis progression. this review is focused not only on epidemiological studies, ...201525873767
quantitative proteomics reveal distinct protein regulations caused by aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans within subgingival biofilms.periodontitis is an infectious disease that causes the inflammatory destruction of the tooth-supporting (periodontal) tissues, caused by polymicrobial biofilm communities growing on the tooth surface. aggressive periodontitis is strongly associated with the presence of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the subgingival biofilms. nevertheless, whether and how a. actinomycetemcomitans orchestrates molecular changes within the biofilm is unclear. the aim of this work was to decipher the inter ...201525756960
the epigenetic paradigm in periodontitis pathogenesis.epigenome refers to "epi" meaning outside the "genome." epigenetics is the field of study of the epigenome. epigenetic modifications include changes in the promoter cpg islands, modifications of histone protein structure, posttranslational repression by micro-rna which contributes to the alteration of gene expression. epigenetics provides an understanding of the role of gene-environment interactions on disease phenotype especially in complex multifactorial diseases. periodontitis is a chronic in ...201526015662
bacterial profile of aggressive periodontitis in morocco: a cross-sectional study.aggressive periodontitis (agp) is one of the most severe forms of periodontal diseases. in morocco, aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has been strongly associated with agp, however limited knowledge is available about the implication of other periodontal pathogens in this entity. therefore, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the composition of the subgingival microbiota in moroccan patients with agp.201525888404
relationship between invasion of the periodontium by periodontal pathogens and periodontal disease: a systematic review.bacterial invasion of the periodontal tissues has been suggested as a relevant step in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease. however, its exact importance remains to be defined. the present systematic review assessed the scientific evidence concerning the relationship between the quality or quantity of periodontal microbiota in periodontal tissues and development of periodontal disease. the databases medline-pubmed, cochrane-central, isi web of knowledge and scopus were searched, up to ja ...201525654367
establishment of an oral infection model resembling the periodontal pocket in a perfusion bioreactor system.periodontal infection involves a complex interplay between oral biofilms, gingival tissues and cells of the immune system in a dynamic microenvironment. a humanized in vitro model that reduces the need for experimental animal models, while recapitulating key biological events in a periodontal pocket, would constitute a technical advancement in the study of periodontal disease. the aim of this study was to use a dynamic perfusion bioreactor in order to develop a gingival epithelial-fibroblast-mon ...201525587671
the biofilm community-rebels with a cause.oral biofilms are one of the most complex and diverse ecosystem developed by successive colonization of more than 600 bacterial taxa. development starts with the attachment of early colonizers such as actinomyces species and oral streptococci on the acquired pellicle and tooth enamel. these bacteria not only adhere to tooth surface but also interact with each other and lay foundation for attachment of bridging colonizer such as fusobacterium nucleatum followed by late colonizers including the re ...201526120510
effects of azithromycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin, and metronidazole plus amoxicillin on an in vitro polymicrobial subgingival biofilm model.chronic periodontitis is one of the most prevalent human diseases and is caused by dysbiosis of the subgingival microbiota. treatment involves primarily mechanical disruption of subgingival biofilms and, in certain cases, adjunctive use of systemic antibiotic therapy. in vitro biofilm models have been developed to study antimicrobial agents targeting subgingival species. however, these models accommodate a limited number of taxa, lack reproducibility, and have low throughput. we aimed to develop ...201525733510
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