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Molecular Typing of Treponema pallidum Causing Early Syphilis in China: A Cross-Sectional Study.BACKGROUND:: There have been limited data on molecular epidemiology of syphilis in China. This study aimed to analyze strain type distribution of Treponema pallidum causing early syphilis across geographic areas in China using an enhanced method. METHODS:: Genital samples were collected from patients in East, South, and North China. Positive DNA of T. pallidum was analyzed by arp, tpr, and tp0548 genes. RESULTS:: Sufficient DNA for full molecular typing existed in 197 of 324 samples, and 27 stra ...201222183845
Antimicrobial resistance in sexually transmitted infections in the developed world: implications for rational treatment.Public health control of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is dependent on the delivery of effective therapy and so will be compromised by the emergence of resistance. The scope of the problem and the implications for treatment that follow are discussed in this review.201222143116
unsafe sexual behaviors among hiv-positive men and women in honduras: the role of discrimination, condom access, and gender.we conducted a study among hiv-positive men and women in honduras to describe demographics, hiv risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infection prevalence, and identify correlates of unsafe sex.201222183844
it is time to use treponema-specific antibody screening tests for diagnosis of syphilis.assays that detect treponema-specific antibodies, which are either automated or can be done as point-of-care tests, have been developed, some of which are fda approved. these assays have the advantage of being easily performed and demonstrate high sensitivity, both key features of an infectious disease screening test. as a result, many high-volume clinical laboratories have begun to offer a reverse syphilis testing algorithm where a treponema-specific test is used for screening, followed by a no ...201222090405
animal models to study host-bacteria interactions involved in periodontitis.animal models have distinct advantages because they can mimic cellular complexities that occur in humans in vivo and are often more accurate than in vitro studies that take place on plastic surfaces with limited numbers of cell types present. furthermore, cause and effect relationships can be established by applying inhibitors or activators or through the use of genetically modified animals. such gain or loss of function studies are often difficult to achieve in human clinical studies, particula ...201222142960
Co-expression of Arabidopsis thaliana phytochelatin synthase and Treponema denticola cysteine desulfhydrase for enhanced arsenic accumulation.Arsenic is one of the most hazardous pollutants found in aqueous environments and has been shown to be a carcinogen. Phytochelatins (PCs), which are cysteine-rich and thio-reactive peptides, have high binding affinities for various metals including arsenic. Previously, we demonstrated that genetically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing phytochelatin synthase (AtPCS) produced PCs and accumulated arsenic. In an effort to further improve the overall accumulation of arsenic, cyst ...201221915851
molecular detection of in-vivo microbial contamination of metallic orthodontic brackets by checkerboard dna-dna hybridization.knowing the microbiota that colonizes orthodontic appliances is important for planning strategies and implementing specific preventive measures during treatment. the purpose of this clinical trial was to evaluate in vivo the contamination of metallic orthodontic brackets with 40 dna probes for different bacterial species by using the checkerboard dna-dna hybridization (cddh) technique.201222196182
evaluation of a pcr test for the detection of treponema pallidum in swabs and blood.syphilis diagnosis is based on clinical observation, serological analysis and dark-field microscopy detection of t. pallidum subsp. pallidum, the etiological agent of syphilis, in skin ulcers. we performed a nested pcr assay specifically amplifying the tpp47 gene of t pallidum from swab and blood specimens. we studied a cohort of 294 patients with suspected syphilis and 35 healthy volunteers. eight-seven of the 294 patients had primary syphilis, 103 had secondary syphilis, 40 had latent syphilis ...201222219306
screening for syphilis: validation of the reverse sequence screening.syphilis, which is caused by treponema pallidum, is a chronic bacterial infection that remains a public health concern worldwide.…201222259212
microbial profile of patients with periodontitis compared with healthy subjects.objective: to define and compare the microbiologic profile of subgingival plaque in german patients with periodontitis (including aggressive and advanced chronic periodontitis) and healthy subjects and to determine significant association between isolates and clinical status. aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, porphyromonas gingivalis, and tannerella forsythia are major periodontal pathogens, though it is recognized that other species may also contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal di ...201222257880
protective efficacy of a treponema pallidum gpd dna vaccine vectored by chitosan nanoparticles and fused with interleukin-2.in the present study, immunomodulatory responses of a dna vaccine constructed by fusing treponema pallidum (tp) glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (gpd) to interleukin-2 (il-2) and using chitosan (cs) nanoparticles as vectors were investigated. new zealand white rabbits were immunized by intramuscular inoculation of control dnas, tp gpd dna vaccine, or gpd-il-2 fusion dna vaccine, which were vectored by cs nanoparticles. levels of the anti-gpd antibodies and levels of il-2 and interferon- ...201222260167
full-mouth disinfection and systemic antimicrobial therapy in generalized aggressive periodontitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.aim: the present investigation aimed to analyse clinical and microbiological effects of systemic administration of metronidazole and amoxicillin combined with the one-stage-full-mouth-disinfection protocol (osfmd) in generalized aggressive periodontitis patients (g-agp). materials and methods: thirty-nine systemically healthy patients with g-agp were consecutively included. the test group (n = 19) received amoxicillin-metronidazole combination (500 mg of each, three times a day for 7 days) and t ...201222220822
necrotizing periodontal diseases in hiv-infected brazilian patients: a clinical and microbiologic descriptive study.objective: nowadays, necrotizing periodontal diseases have a low prevalence; however, a better understanding of the etiopathogenesis of these diseases is necessary for determining more adequate preventive and therapeutic strategies. method and materials: from a pool of 1,232 hiv-infected patients, 15 presented with necrotizing periodontal diseases, which were evaluated by full-mouth periodontal clinical measurements. subgingival biofilm samples were collected from necrotizing lesions of six of t ...201222259811
congenital syphilis in switzerland: gone, forgotten, on the return.acquired syphilis has re-emerged in many western european countries. in contrast to international guidelines, screening for syphilis in pregnancy is not generally recommended in switzerland. there has been an increase in the incidence of laboratory syphilis notifications in recent years, regardless of gender and age.201222252171
periodontal pathogens affect the level of protease inhibitors in gingival crevicular fluid.in periodontitis, an effective host-response is primarily related to neutrophils loaded with serine proteases, including elastase (ne) and protease 3 (pr3), the extracellular activity of which is tightly controlled by endogenous inhibitors. in vitro these inhibitors are degraded by gingipains, cysteine proteases produced by porphyromonas gingivalis. the purpose of this study was to determine the level of selected protease inhibitors in gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) in relation to periodontal i ...201222230465
[prevalences and risk factors associated with infection by human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, syphilis and bacillary pulmonary tuberculosis in prisons in burkina faso].this purpose of this study was to determine prevalences and risk factors associated with infection by human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, syphilis and bacillary pulmonary tuberculosis in prisons in burkina faso. from february 20 to march 20, 2009, 300 prisoners over 18 years of age held in ouagadougou were selected to take part in this descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. sociodemographic data, confinement information (number, motive and prison time), medical history, s ...201122235618
[assessment of the congenital syphilis prevention programs].the romanian program for the management and screening of syphilis includes the recording, follow-up, and antenatal care of pregnant women. it aims at testing all pregnant women for syphilis with the help of vdlr (venereal disease research laboratory) or rpr (rapid plasma reagin) tests, and in the women with positive tests to confirm the results by treponemal tests (treponemal antibodies): thpa (treponema pallidum hemagglutination), fta-abs (fluorescent treponemal antibody with absorption), elisa ...201122046811
cost-effectiveness of a dual non-treponemal/treponemal syphilis point-of-care test to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes in sub-saharan africa.a dual nontreponemal/treponemal point-of-care test (dual-poc) that simultaneously detects both nontreponemal and treponemal antibodies has been developed and evaluated. in this study, we compare the health and economic outcomes of the new test with existing syphilis tests/testing algorithms in a high prevalence setting.201121992974
Fibronectin Binding to the Treponema pallidum Adhesin Protein Fragment rTp0483 on Functionalized Self-Assembled Monolayers.Past work has shown that Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, binds host fibronectin (FN). FN and other host proteins are believed to bind to rare outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of T. pallidum, and it is postulated that this interaction may facilitate cell attachment and mask antigenic targets on the surface. This research seeks to prepare a surface capable of mimicking the FN binding ability of T. pallidum in order to investigate the impact of FN binding with adsorbed Tp0483 o ...201122175441
enhanced immune response and protective efficacy of a treponema pallidum tp92 dna vaccine vectored by chitosan nanoparticles and adjuvanted with il-2.in this study, the immune-modulatory and protective efficacy of using an interleukin-2 (il-2) expression plasmid as a genetic adjuvant and chitosan (cs) nanoparticles as vectors to enhance a tp92 dna vaccine candidate were investigated in a treponema pallidum (tp) rabbit challenge model.201121941092
composition and localization of treponema denticola outer membrane complexes.the treponema denticola outer membrane lipoprotein-protease complex (dentilisin) contributes to periodontal disease by degrading extracellular matrix components and disrupting intercellular host signaling pathways. we recently demonstrated that prcb, located upstream of and cotranscribed with prca and prtp, encodes a 22-kda lipoprotein that interacts with prtp and is required for its activity. here we further characterize products of the protease locus and their roles in expression, formation, a ...201121986628
complete genome sequence of treponema succinifaciens type strain (6091).treponema succinifaciens cwyk and canale-parola 1981 is of interest because this strictly anaerobic, apathogenic member of the genus treponema oxidizes carbohydrates and couples the embden-meyerhof pathway via activity of a pyruvate-formate lyase to the production of acetyl-coenzyme a and formate. this feature separates this species from most other anaerobic spirochetes. the genome of t. succinifaciens 6091(t) is only the second completed and published type strain genome from the genus treponema ...201121886863
Evaluation of a fully automated treponemal test and comparison with conventional VDRL and FTA-ABS tests.We evaluated analytic performances of an automated treponemal test and compared this test with the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test (VDRL) and fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS). Precision performance of the Architect Syphilis TP assay (TP; Abbott Japan, Tokyo, Japan) was assessed, and 150 serum samples were assayed with the TP before and after heat inactivation to estimate the effect of heat inactivation. A total of 616 specimens were tested with the FTA-ABS and ...201122031308
unexpected immunostaining of mycobaterium leprae with a polyclonal antibody against treponema pallidum. 201121993335
serodiagnosis of syphilis in the recombinant era: reversal of fortune. 201121921204
effect of oil pulling on halitosis and microorganisms causing halitosis: a randomized controlled pilot trial.oil pulling therapy has been used extensively as a traditional indian folk remedy for many years for strengthening teeth, gums, and jaws and to prevent decay, oral malodor, bleeding gums and dryness of throat, and cracked lips.201121911944
screening for syphilis with the treponemal immunoassay: analysis of discordant serology results and implications for clinical management.screening for syphilis with treponemal chemiluminescence immunoassays (cia) identifies patients with discordant serology who are not identified with traditional screening methods (eg, cia-positive, rapid plasma regain (rpr)-negative). we sought to describe the clinical characteristics and management of patients with discordant syphilis serology.201121930610
the gumma and the gonad: syphilitic orchitis, a rare presentation of testicular swelling.a 47-year-old man presented to his general practitioner (gp) with painful swelling of his right testis. he was diagnosed with epididymo-orchitis and a two-week course of erythromycin 500 mg four times daily was prescribed by his gp. despite initial improvement, his symptoms persisted and he was referred to the local urology department. his sexual history revealed one lifetime sexual contact. a midstream urine sample grew non-lactose fermenting coliforms sensitive to ciprofloxacin and a two-week ...201121890556
prevalence of hiv, hbv, hcv, htlv and treponema pallidum among patients attending a rural hospital in southern ethiopia. 201122209287
[western blot as a confirming test in the laboratory diagnosis of syphilis].two hundred and ninety-five patients who had been found to have treponema pallidum antibodies detected by enzyme immunoassay were additionally studied by a western blot test to confirm their presence. every four cases were ascertained to be false-positive, false seropositivity being more frequent in the presence of igm antibody against t. palladium. spinal fluid analysis provided evidence for the course of neurosyphilis in 5 cases. the diagnosis of congenital syphilis was verified in 2 children ...201122164418
hypertrophic cervical spinal cord pachymeningitis due to treponema pallidum infection.neurosyphilis is recognized as a potential cause of hypertrophic pachymeningitis, but modern reports are few. a middle-aged man presented to hospital with a 1 month history of lower limb pain and weakness. cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed pleocytosis with high protein levels and a positive venereal disease research laboratory result. cervical spinal cord resonance imaging disclosed a dural contrast enhancement suggestive of pachymeningitis. biopsy of the dura mater revealed a thick inflammato ...201121863268
[Role of several periodontopathogenic microorganisms and tlr4 gene Asp299Gly polymorphism in atherosclerosis pathogenesis].Establishment of presence of periodonto-pathogenic microorganisms in atherosclerosis plaque and surrounding tissues, and possible relation of development of atherosclerosis and TLR4 gene Asp299Gly polymorphism in ischemic heart disease patients (IHD).201122145357
high prevalence of macrolide resistant treponema pallidum strains in a london centre.macrolide resistant treponema pallidum strains, caused by mutations in the 23s ribosomal rna (23s rrna) gene, are widespread and increasingly prevalent. the authors aimed to establish the strain types of t pallidum isolated from patients in a london sexual health centre and to determine the frequency of macrolide resistance.201121917695
evidence for graft colonization with periodontal pathogens in lung transplant recipients.summary bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (bos) is a major cause of late graft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients. there is increasing evidence that beside alloimmunologic injury also non-alloimmunologic inflammatory conditions may raise the risk of acute and chronic rejection. the oral cavity represents a possible reservoir for pathogenic bacteria due to its close anatomical proximity. in this pilot study, the presence of pathogenic periodontal bacteria in the oral cavity as well as in t ...201122203528
Anti-IFN autoantibodies are present in healthy Egyptian blood donors at low titer.Autoantibody against interferon is associated in many viral and non-viral diseases. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-IFN-alpha autoantibodies in healthy Egyptian blood donors. The study included 558 (100 females (17.92%) and 458 males (82.08%)) Egyptian healthy blood donors who showed normal levels of liver enzymes and kidney tests and were conformed negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies (Abs), HIV-1/2 Abs, anti-HBc and Treponema ...201121872225
Treatment of residual pockets with photodynamic therapy, diode laser, or deep scaling. A randomized, split-mouth controlled clinical trial.The objective of this work was to compare the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT), diode soft laser therapy (DSL), and thorough deep scaling and root planing (SRP) for treatment of residual pockets. Thirty-two subjects with a history of non-surgical treatment for chronic periodontitis were included. Residual pockets >4 mm and bleeding upon probing were debrided with an ultrasonic device and then subjected to either PDT, DSL, or SRP. Pocket probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing ...201122105837
bacteroidales ectosymbionts of gut flagellates shape the nitrogen-fixing community in dry-wood termites.although it is well documented that the lack of nitrogen in the diet of wood-feeding termites is compensated by the nitrogen-fixing capacity of their gut microbiota, the bacteria responsible for this activity are largely unknown. here, we analyzed the diversity and expression of nitrogenase genes (homologs of nifh) in four species of dry-wood termites (kalotermitidae), which thrive on a particularly nitrogen-poor resource. although each species harbored a highly diverse suite of termite-specific ...201122189498
[Historical and medical review of syphilis-afflicted army leaders, rulers and statesmen].Syphilis has changed the course of history. It is a sexually transmitted disease caused by spiral-shaped bacterium, Treponema pallidum. The disease has been known under many names during history, and has had a prominent role in history and literature for the last several hundred years. Since its recognition in 15th-century Europe as a new disease, syphilis has been the subject of great mystery and legends. Many believe that syphilis was brought to Europe by Columbus and his sailors, and, thereaf ...201121970074
Balanoposthitis, dyspareunia, and treponema in the critically endangered Gilbert's potoroo (Potorous gilbertii).The Gilbert's potoroo (Potorous gilbertii) is one of Australia's most critically endangered mammals with a current estimated population of 70 individuals. Both the wild and captive populations have a long history of balanoposthitis with associated crusting, ulceration, and preputial discharge. We sought to identify the microbial species found in the discharge, determine their significance in causing balanoposthitis, and correlate these findings with reproductive success and survivorship. Bacteri ...201122102677
association of kir2ds4 and its variant kir1d with syphilis in a chinese han population.syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum spirochaete bacterium. the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (kir) gene family encodes cell surface receptors that are found on natural killer (nk) cells and certain t-cell subsets. nk cells are fast-acting effector lymphocytes of innate immunity that respond to infection. the activity of nk cells depends on the dynamic balance of activating and inhibitory signals that are transmitted through resp ...201122128817
clinical outcome of skin yaws lesions after treatment with benzathinebenzylpenicillin in a pygmy population in lobaye, central african republic.abstract: background: yaws is a bacterial skin and bone infectious disease caused by treponema pallidum pertenue. it is endemic, particularly among pygmies in central african republic. to assess the clinical cure rate after treatment with benzathinepenicillin in this population, we conducted a cohort survey of 243 patients in the lobaye region. findings and conclusion the rate of healing of lesions after 5 months was 95.9%. this relatively satisfactory level of therapeutic response implies tha ...201122171605
colonisation of the oral cavity by periodontopathic bacteria in complete denture wearers.gerodontology 2011; doi: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2011.00506.x colonisation of the oral cavity by periodontopathic bacteria in complete denture wearers objective:  the purpose of this study was to investigate colonisation by periodontopathic bacteria and the sites of colonisation in elderly upper and lower complete denture wearers. we also investigated the relationship between level of oral hygiene and colonisation by periodontopathic bacteria. materials and methods:  forty edentulous and 37 dentate ...201121929616
association of kir genotypes and haplotypes with syphilis in a chinese han population.killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (kirs) can regulate the activation of nk and t cells in response to infection. syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum spirochete bacterium. the objective of this study was to explore whether kir genotypes and haplotypes were associated with syphilis in a chinese han population. polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (pcr-ssp) was used to identify the kir genotypes in 190 syphilis pat ...201122126195
molecular typing of treponema pallidum: a systematic review and meta-analysis.syphilis is resurgent in many regions of the world. molecular typing is a robust tool for investigating strain diversity and epidemiology. this study aimed to review original research on molecular typing of treponema pallidum (t. pallidum) with three objectives: (1) to determine specimen types most suitable for molecular typing; (2) to determine t. pallidum subtype distribution across geographic areas; and (3) to summarize available information on subtypes associated with neurosyphilis and macro ...201122087340
Identification and functional analysis of CT069 as a novel transcriptional regulator in Chlamydia.Only a small number of transcription factors have been predicted in Chlamydia spp., which are obligate intracellular bacteria that include a number of important human pathogens. We used a bioinformatics strategy to identify novel transcriptional regulators from the Chlamydia trachomatis genome by predicting proteins with the general structure and characteristic functional domains of a bacterial transcription factor. With this approach, we identified CT069 as a candidate transcription factor with ...201121908669
infectious proctitis: when to suspect it is not inflammatory bowel disease.background: proctitis is a common problem and is most frequently associated with inflammatory bowel diseases. however, the incidence of infectious proctitis appears to be rising, especially in men who have sex with men. this may be due to the rise of people participating in receptive anal sex as well as the increase in sexually transmitted infections. the most frequently reported pathogens include neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, treponema pallidum, and herp ...201121994137
Impact of international laboratory partnerships on the performance of HIV/sexually transmitted infection testing in five resource-constrained countries.To review a quality control and quality assurance (QC/QA) model established to ensure the validity and reliability of collection, storage and analysis of biological outcome data, and to promote good laboratory practices (GLPs) and sustained operational improvements in international clinical laboratories, we conducted a two-arm randomized community-level HIV behavioural intervention trial in five countries: China, India, Peru, Russia and Zimbabwe. The trial was based on diffusion theory utilizing ...201122096049
Syphilis seroprevalence among patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic in West Bengal, India.Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) and is a major public health concern in India. The trend of syphilis infection was studied in attendees aged 15-49 years in an STD clinic in West Bengal from 2004 to 2008. Blood samples were collected from 250 consecutive patients per year (a total of 1,250 samples over 5 years); the patients attended the STD clinic for 12 weeks (October-December) each year, and the serostatus of syphilis was determined qualitatively with the Venereal Disease ...201122116330
Comparative analysis of salivary bacterial microbiome diversity in edentulous infants and their mothers or primary care givers using pyrosequencing.Bacterial contribution to oral disease has been studied in young children, but there is a lack of data addressing the developmental perspective in edentulous infants. Our primary objectives were to use pyrosequencing to phylogenetically characterize the salivary bacterial microbiome of edentulous infants and to make comparisons against their mothers. Saliva samples were collected from 5 edentulous infants (mean age?=?4.6±1.2 mo old) and their mothers or primary care givers (mean age?=?30.8±9.5 y ...201121853142
molecular detection of human periodontal pathogens in oral swab specimens from dogs in japan.periodontal diseases are known to be major diseases in humans, and are also common in dogs. the purpose of the present study was to analyze the distribution of periodontitis-related bacterial species using oral swab specimens collected from 26 pet dogs. the distribution of an animal gingival organism porphyromonas gulae, in addition to 10 human periodontitis-related bacterial species, including porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, tannerella forsythia, capnocytophaga ochracea, capnocyt ...201121916371
rapid multiplexed immunoassay for simultaneous serodiagnosis of hiv-1 and coinfections.diagnosis of opportunistic infections in hiv-infected individuals remains a major public health challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings. here, we describe a rapid diagnostic system that delivers a panel of serologic immunoassay results using a single drop of blood, serum, or plasma. the system consists of disposable cartridges and a simple reader instrument, based on an innovative implementation of planar waveguide imaging technology. the cartridge incorporates a microarray of recom ...201121865431
high prevalence of syphilis among demobilized child soldiers in eastern congo: a cross-sectional study.abstract:201121896173
cathepsin b, d, and l regulation in cyclosporin a-mediated gingival hyperplasia of a patient with sarcoidosis.cyclosporin a (csa) is an immunosuppressant with side effects including gingival hyperplasia. sarcoidosis is a systemic disease characterized by granulomas. here, we report on a rare case of sarcoidosis with gingival hyperplasia to clarify whether clinical observation corresponds to in vitro results.201121888018
subacute bilateral visual loss in methylmalonic acidemia.a 23-year-old woman known to have methylmalonic acidemia (mma) since birth suffered bilateral visual loss within 5 days. multiple sclerosis, leber hereditary optic neuropathy, vasculitis, infections (in particular treponema), and vitamin deficiency were ruled out. the optic nerve head changed from normal in appearance to atrophic. treatment attempts with high-dose intravenous steroids and coenzyme q10 combined with vitamin e were ineffective. the patient's underlying disease was metabolically we ...201121873889
Genetic diversity in Treponema pallidum: Implications for pathogenesis, evolution and molecular diagnostics of syphilis and yaws.Pathogenic uncultivable treponemes, similar to syphilis-causing Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum, include T. pallidum ssp. pertenue, T. pallidum ssp. endemicum and Treponema carateum, which cause yaws, bejel and pinta, respectively. Genetic analyses of these pathogens revealed striking similarity among these bacteria and also a high degree of similarity to the rabbit pathogen, Treponema paraluiscuniculi, a treponeme not infectious to humans. Genome comparisons between pallidum and non-pall ...201122198325
congenital syphilis presenting with a generalized bullous and pustular eruption in a premature newborn.congenital syphilis occurs when treponema pallidum crosses the placenta during pregnancy or from contact with an infectious genital lesion during delivery. cutaneous manifestations of congenital syphilis are relatively common, occurring in approximately 30% to 70% of patients. maculopapular lesions, vesiculobullous lesions, condylomata lata lesions, annular lesions, and erythema multiforme-like targetoid lesions have been reported. we report on a premature newborn with congenital syphilis who pr ...201122028559
Conservation of the C-type lectin fold for massive sequence variation in a Treponema diversity-generating retroelement.Anticipatory ligand binding through massive protein sequence variation is rare in biological systems, having been observed only in the vertebrate adaptive immune response and in a phage diversity-generating retroelement (DGR). Earlier work has demonstrated that the prototypical DGR variable protein, major tropism determinant (Mtd), meets the demands of anticipatory ligand binding by novel means through the C-type lectin (CLec) fold. However, because of the low sequence identity among DGR variabl ...201121873231
laboratory-confirmed case of yaws in a 10-year-old boy from the republic of the congo.we report a case of yaws in a patient with puritic cutaneous eruption who was initially suspected of infection with monkeypox. the diagnosis was established by real-time pcr and sequencing of specific treponemal dna sequences. this is the first report describing the use of dna sequencing to identify treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue-specific sequences in a patient with active yaws.201121918034
the effect of spiramycin on porphyromonas gingivalis and other "classic" periopathogens.in clinical trials, spiramycin has shown additional benefit overscaling and root planing on pocket depth reduction, but its effect on periodontal microbiota was evaluated only by darkfield microscopy. therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of spiramycin administration on porphyromonas gingivalis and other periodontopathic bacteria using 16s rarn pcr technique. thirty two non-smoker adults with untreated periodontitis and pocket depth > or = 7 mm. were evaluated to participat ...201122010417
clinical and microbiological evaluation, by real-time pcr, of non-surgical treatment of aggressive periodontitis associated with amoxicillin and metronidazole.background: to evaluate the clinical and microbiological changes resulting from non-surgical periodontal treatment associated with amoxicillin and metronidazole, in individuals with aggressive periodontitis (agp). methods: 15 subjects with agp received non-surgical periodontal treatment and 45 days after completion of treatment, were treated with antibiotics. clinical data and samples of subgingival plaque were collected at baseline, 45 days after the non-surgical periodontal treatment and 1 mon ...201122060046
Syphilis: using modern approaches to understand an old disease.Syphilis is a fascinating and perplexing infection, with protean clinical manifestations and both diagnostic and management ambiguities. Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the agent of syphilis, is challenging to study in part because it cannot be cultured or genetically manipulated. Here, we review recent progress in the application of modern molecular techniques to understanding the biological basis of this multistage disease and to the development of new tools for diagnosis, for predicting e ...201122133883
a new reflex testing algorithm for syphilis screening.the laboratory diagnosis of syphilis is made possible through using a combination of non-treponemal and treponemal tests. the use of only one type of test when positive, without a confirmatory test being performed, is not sufficient for diagnosis because of false-positive results due to different medical conditions. all test results must be interpreted carefully, together with the patient's clinical history and symptoms, to arrive at a clinical diagnosis of syphilis.201121882763
symptomatic and asymptomatic apical periodontitis associated with red complex bacteria: clinical and microbiological evaluation.in this study, the association of red complex (rc) bacteria that include treponema denticola, tannerella forsythia and porphyromonas gingivalis with acute, exacerbated or chronic apical periodontitis was evaluated. seventy-one patients with periapical disease were evaluated by clinical examination and microbiological samples obtained from the root canals were analyzed by a polymerase chain reaction assay. twenty-one (29.6%) samples were positive for rc bacteria, with t. ...201122143381
further evaluation of the characteristics of treponema pallidum-specific igm antibody in syphilis serofast reaction patients.syphilis serofast reaction (ssr) is common in clinical work. from june 2005 to may 2009, 1208 syphilis patients were chosen for research by the xiamen center of clinical laboratory in china. serologic tests were performed with toluidine red unheated serum test (trust) and treponema pallidum particle agglutination (tppa). then, t. pallidum-specific igm antibody (tp-igm) was detected with fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (fta-abs) and tppa. in this study, patients were divided into the f ...201121899981
Associations of periodontal microorganisms with salivary proteins and MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid.OBJECTIVE: We investigated in subjects with and without periodontitis, the levels of certain salivary proteins and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), in relation to the presence of specific periodontal pathogens. METHODS: Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline, in 1985 and in 2009 from 99 subjects; 56 with and 43 without periodontitis (mean age 59.2 ± SD 2.9). Saliva samples collected in 2009 were analysed for salivary albumin, total protein and immunog ...201122103335
[topicality of giuseppe d'alessandro's contribution to knowledge of the antigenic structure of treponema pallidum].the antigenic structure of treponema pallidum was described in the 1940s and 1950s. the main contributions of giuseppe d'alessandro and his collaborators included the description of the external membrane and of the polysaccharide antigen found in the cell wall of the microorganism. based on new knowledge it has been possible to develop diagnostic tests that are more sensitive and specific than nontreponemal tests, which nevertheless retain their validity in the current re-emergence of syphilis a ...201122033205
Early syphilis in a man with a negative Treponema pallidum enzyme immunoassay-IgM.Most serological tests for syphilis rely on an individual's ability to produce antibodies. A single screening test may be unreliable for screening in those with primary immunodeficiency. We present the first reported case of primary and secondary syphilis with negative Treponema pallidum enzyme immunoassay-IgM and Venereal Disease Research Laboratory tests in a man with common variable immunodeficiency.201121890555
[In Process Citation]. 201122165622
[serological profile of immigrant pregnant women against hiv, hbv, hcv, rubella, toxoplasma gondii, treponema pallidum, and trypanosoma cruzi.]introduction: the increase in immigration is changing the prevalence of mother to child infectious diseases. our aim is to determine the serological profile of foreign pregnant women against these infections. methods: a retrospective cross sectional study was performed in a tertiary hospital from madrid between august 2007 and october 2008. the seroprevalence against hiv, hbv, hcv, rubeola, t. gondii, t. pallidum and t. cruzi was determined in every pregnant immigrant, as well as in a representa ...201122079225
microbiologic findings 1 year after partial- and full-mouth scaling in the treatment of moderate chronic periodontitis.to investigate the impact on microbiologic variables of full-mouth scaling (fms) and conventional scaling and root planing (csrp) after 12 months.201121909493
Host and environmental reservoirs of infection for bovine digital dermatitis treponemes.Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) is a global infectious disease causing lameness of cattle and is responsible for substantial animal welfare issues and economic losses. The causative agents are considered to be spirochetal bacteria belonging to the genus Treponema, which have consistently been identified in BDD lesions worldwide. One potential means of controlling infection is the disruption of transmission; however, the infection reservoirs and transmission routes of BDD treponemes have yet to b ...201122019292
the transition from closed to open conformation of treponema pallidum outer membrane-associated lipoprotein tp0453 involves membrane sensing and integration by two amphipathic helices.the molecular architecture and composition of the outer membrane (om) of treponema pallidum (tp), the noncultivable agent of venereal syphilis, differ considerably from those of typical gram-negative bacteria. several years ago we described tp0453, the only lipoprotein associated with the inner leaflet of the tp om. whereas polypeptides of other treponemal lipoproteins are hydrophilic, non-lipidated tp0453 can integrate into membranes, a property attributed to its multiple amphipathic helices (a ...201121965687
late-stage neurosyphilis presenting with severe neuropsychiatric deficits: diagnosis, therapy, and course of three patients.neurosyphilis is an infectious disease that has reappeared over the past two decades. it is caused by treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum that can affect the central nervous system (cns) during any stage of the disease. besides early cns involvement predominantly presenting with symptoms of meningitis, a parenchymal affection of the brain leading to severe neuropsychiatric symptoms particularly emerges at later stages, but is rarely seen nowadays due to early antibiotic treatment. together wi ...201121964751
detection of periodontal pathogens in newborns and children with mixed dentition.we report the age-related prevalence of red complex periodontal pathogens, porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, and tannerella forsythia, along with four strains of orange complex pathogens. the bacteria present in samples isolated from tongue, cheek, and subgingival sulcus in edentulous newborns and children with mixed dentition were monitored by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). p. gingivalis was not detected in any site of any subject in the two groups tested. however, t. denticola w ...201121928086
gram-negative periodontal pathogens and bacterial endotoxin in metallic orthodontic brackets with or without an antimicrobial agent: an in-vivo study.high levels of periodontal pathogens can cause periodontal alterations. the presence of endotoxin might be responsible for the occurrence and progression of tissue inflammation and bone resorption. the aims of this study were to use checkerboard dna-dna hybridization and limulus amebocyte lysate assay to evaluate in metallic orthodontic brackets (1) the presence of 16 gram-negative periodontal pathogenic microorganisms of the orange complex and red complex +treponema socranskii, (2) the amount o ...201122133962
evaluation of the determine syphilis tp assay for the detection of antibodies against treponema pallidum for the serodiagnosis of syphilis.currently, infectious syphilis has been resurgent in china and has become a significant public health problem. the rapid expansion of syphilis screening programs is urgently required. in the present study, the performance of the determine syphilis tp assay (determine tp assay) for the detection of antibodies against treponema pallidum (t. pallidum) for syphilis serodiagnosis was evaluated. in total, 300 serum samples were tested for the presence of treponemal-specific antibodies using the trepon ...201121866323
comparative electrochemical study of superoxide reductases.superoxide reductases are involved in relevant biological electron transfer reactions related to protection against oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species. the electrochemical features of metalloproteins belonging to the three different classes of enzymes were studied by potentio-dynamic techniques (cyclic and square wave voltammetry): desulfoferrodoxin from desulfovibrio vulgaris hildenborough, class i superoxide reductases and neelaredoxin from desulfovibrio gigas and treponema pal ...201122143105
a case report and dsa findings of cerebral hemorrhage caused by syphilitic vasculitis.syphilis is now rare and easily misdiagnosed because of the wide use of antibiotics in the clinical. we report a case of cerebral hemorrhage in a patient with hypertension who was first diagnosed as hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. however, treponema pallidum particle agglutination and rapid plasma regain tests of cerebrospinal fluid revealed the existence of neurosyphilis. interestingly, digital subtraction angiography (dsa) showed severe stenosis in both middle cerebral arteries and right ant ...201122198645
[laboratory diagnosis of treponema pallidum infection in patients with early syphilis and neurosyphilis through a pcr-based test].syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by treponema pallidum. the diagnosis is based mainly in clinical presentation and non-specific assays. pcr-based diagnosis has been suggested as an attractive alternative method. the aim of this study was the validation of a pcr-based test for the diagnosis of early syphilis (es) and neurosyphilis (ns). clinical samples of mucocutaneous lesions and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) specimens from patients previously diagnosed for es and ns respectively u ...201122052394
primary syphilis of the urethral meatus complicated by urethral stricture.a 27-year-old man who has sex with men presented with a painful lesion at the urethral meatus. a diagnosis of genital herpes was suspected, and initial tests for sexually transmitted infections (stis), including syphilis serology, were negative. however, a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) swab for treponema pallidum from the lesion was positive, and a diagnosis of chancre of primary syphilis at the meatus was made. subsequently, the patient required urological surgery due to the formation of a ur ...201121890554
[prevalence of hiv infection and treponema pallidum in argentine female sex workers].estimate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and treponema pallidum in argentine female sex workers (fsw), and describe the sociodemographic characteristics of this population group associated with hiv transmission.201122124688
case of secondary syphilis presenting with unusual complications: syphilitic proctitis, gastritis, and hepatitis.we report the first known case of syphilis with simultaneous manifestations of proctitis, gastritis, and hepatitis. the diagnosis of syphilitic proctitis and gastritis was established by the demonstration of spirochetes with anti-treponema pallidum antibody staining in biopsy specimens. unusual manifestations of secondary syphilis completely resolved after 4 weeks of antibiotic therapy.201121998411
the antibacterial activity of ll-37 against treponema denticola is dentilisin-protease independent and facilitated by the major outer sheath protein virulence factor.host defense peptides are innate immunoeffectors that possess both bactericidal activities and immunomodulatory functions. deficiency in the human ll-37 host defense peptide has been previously correlated with severe periodontal disease. treponema denticola is an oral anaerobic spirochete closely associated with the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. the t. denticola major surface protein (msp), involved in adhesion and in cytotoxicity, and the dentilisin serine protease are key virulence fact ...201122184422
[congenital syphillis presenting congenital nephrotic syndrome in two children and related data review].to study the clinical features of congenital syphillis presenting congenital nephrotic syndrome(cns) in children.201122178846
salivary levels of antibacterial peptide (ll-37/hcap-18) and cotinine in periodontitis patients.background: the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between salivary ll-37 levels and clinical severity in chronic periodontitis (cp) patients. the presence/absence of four periodontopathic bacteria and salivary cotinine levels were also examined in order to assess the impact of these factors on ll-37 production. methods: unstimulated salivary samples were collected from 69 cp patients. salivary concentrations of ll-37 and cotinine were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent ...201121942788
Treponema denticola major outer sheath protein induces actin assembly at free barbed ends by a PIP2-dependent uncapping mechanism in fibroblasts.The major outer sheath protein (Msp) of Treponema denticola perturbs actin dynamics in fibroblasts by inducing actin reorganization, including subcortical actin filament assembly, leading to defective calcium flux, diminished integrin engagement of collagen, and retarded cell migration. Yet, its mechanisms of action are unknown. We challenged Rat-2 fibroblasts with enriched native Msp. Msp activated the small GTPases Rac1, RhoA and Ras, but not Cdc42, yet only Rac1 localized to areas of actin re ...201121901132
Demonstration of Treponema pallidum by immunohistochemistry in a patient with secondary syphilis mimicking pityriasis lichenoides chronica. 201122142451
changes in bacterial diversity associated with epithelial tissue in the beef cow rumen during the transition to a high-grain diet.our understanding of the ruminal epithelial tissue-associated bacterial (defined as epimural bacteria in this study) community is limited. in this study, we aimed to determine whether diet influences the diversity of the epimural bacterial community in the bovine rumen. twenty-four beef heifers were randomly assigned to either a rapid grain adaptation (rga) treatment (n = 18) in which the heifers were allowed to adapt from a diet containing 97% hay to a diet containing 8% hay over 29 days or to ...201121705529
case-control study of ectopic pregnancies in myanmar: infectious etiological factors.we studied the role of infections in ectopic pregnancy and the different methods of detecting chlamydia trachomatis infection using serology, cervical and tubal pcr assays, by using a hospital-based, case-control study conducted between november 2007 and september 2009. the sample size was 339 with 113 cases and 226 controls. the cases were women admitted for the management of ectopic pregnancy while the controls were women admitted for spontaneous miscarriage. both cases and controls were teste ...201121710857
Simultaneous detection of periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque and placenta of women with hypertension in pregnancy.BACKGROUND: There are many studies documenting increased prevalence of periodontal infection in women with preeclampsia. But, very few studies have attempted to establish causal relationship between the two. OBJECTIVE: To find out causal circumstantial evidence by isolating specific periodontal pathogens in oral and placental samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antenatal periodontal screening and subgingival plaque collection was carried out in ten women with hypertension in pregnancy and ten normot ...201121830010
polymicrobial periodontal pathogen transcriptomes in calvarial bone and soft tissue.porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, and tannerella forsythia are consistently associated with adult periodontitis. this study sought to document the host transcriptome to a p. gingivalis, t. denticola, and t.forsythia challenge as a polymicrobial infection using a murine calvarial model of acute inflammation and bone resorption. mice were infected with p. gingivalis, t. denticola, and t. forsythia over the calvaria, after which the soft tissues and calvarial bones were excised. a muri ...201121896157
Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Treponema pallidum: evolution, therapeutic challenges and the need to strengthen global surveillance. 201122110154
microbiologic changes in subgingival plaque before and during the early period of orthodontic treatment.abstract objective: to evaluate changes in subgingival microbiota before and during the leveling and alignment orthodontic stage using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method. materials and methods: thirty orthodontic patients (17 females and 13 males; aged 16.7 -¦ 6.5-áy) were included in this study. subgingival microbial samples were taken from the disto-buccal gingival crevice of the left upper central incisors, the left lower central incisors, the mesio-buccal gingival crevice of the left ...201121827233
tpf1 from treponema pallidum activates inflammasome and promotes the development of regulatory t cells.human syphilis is a multistage disease, with diverse and wide-ranging manifestations caused by treponema pallidum. despite the fact that a cell-mediated immune response takes part in the course of syphilis, t. pallidum often manages to evade host immunity and, in untreated individuals, may trigger chronic infection. with this study, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that treponema pallidum induces a regulatory t (treg) response in patients with secondary syphilis and we found ...201121709157
[prevalence of helicobacter pylori detected by real-time pcr in the subgingival plaque of patients with chronic periodontitis].helicobacter pylori plays a significant role in gastric disease. the aim of the present pilot study was to evaluate the prevalence of h. pylori detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time pcr) in the sub-gingival plaque of chronic periodontitis patients and to determine periodontopathogens profile of positive sites at h. pylori.201121688602
clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic factors of orthodontic treatment-induced gingival enlargement.the aim of this study was to investigate the microbiologic and immunologic factors related to orthodontic treatment-induced gingival enlargement (ge).201121724088
presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato antibodies in the serum of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms.infectious agents are likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, including abdominal aortic aneurysms (aaas). the goal of this study was to determine if borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl), a microorganism responsible for lyme disease, is involved in the etiology of aaas. the presence of serum antibodies against b. burgdorferi sl was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and confirmed by western blotting in 96 aaa and 108 peripheral artery dise ...201121842293
osteomyelitis as the only manifestation of late latent syphilis: case report and literature review.bone infection, particularly of the skull and the long bones of the legs and arms, despite being a common characteristic of tertiary stage syphilis and congenital syphilis in the past, is seldom encountered clinically due to effective antibiotic therapy. we report a case of a 62-year-old man who presented with one-month acute pain in the left leg. treponema pallidum particle agglutination test was positive, and radiography showed a pathological fracture of the left tibiofibula. surgical debridem ...201121680676
the immunopathobiology of syphilis: the manifestations and course of syphilis are determined by the level of delayed-type hypersensitivity.syphilis has plagued mankind for centuries and is currently resurgent in the western hemisphere. although there has been a significant reduction of tertiary disease and recognition of facilitative interactions with human immunodeficiency virus infection, the natural history of syphilis has remained largely unchanged; thus, new strategies are required to more effectively combat this pathogen. the immunopathologic features of experimental syphilis in the rabbit; the course, stages, and pathology o ...201121694502
seroprevalence of treponema pallidum antibody among pregnant population of bangladesh.aim:ôçé the aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of antibody to treponema pallidum among pregnant women and its association with age, sexual behavior and socioeconomic status. materials and methods:ôçé in this cross-sectional study, 1266 sera were collected from pregnant women attending bangabandhu sheikh mujib medical university and rajshahi, khulna and chittagong medical college hospitals between february 2007 and april 2008. from each hospital, samples were collected from a ...201121733042
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