Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| decomposition rate and pattern in hanging pigs. | accurate prediction of the postmortem interval requires an understanding of the decomposition process and the factors acting upon it. a controlled experiment, over 60 days at an outdoor site in the northwest of england, used 20 freshly killed pigs (sus scrofa) as human analogues to study decomposition rate and pattern. ten pigs were hung off the ground and ten placed on the surface. observed differences in the decomposition pattern required a new decomposition scoring scale to be produced for th ... | 2015 | 26249126 |
| mycobacterium bovis infection in domestic pigs in great britain. | mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (tb), infects a wide range of wild and domestic mammals. despite a control programme spanning decades, m. bovis infection levels in cattle in great britain (gb) have continued to rise over recent years. as the incidence of infection in cattle and wildlife may be linked to that in swine, data relating to infection of pigs identified at slaughter were examined in this study. between 2007 and 2011, almost all m. bovis-infected pigs ori ... | 2013 | 24095608 |
| ten lessons for the next influenza pandemic-an english perspective : a personal reflection based on community surveillance data. | we review experience in england of the swine flu pandemic between may 2009 and april 2010. the surveillance data from the royal college of general practitioners weekly returns service and the linked virological data collected in the integrated program with the health protection agency are used as a reference frame to consider issues emerging during the pandemic. nine lessons are summarized. (1) delay between illness onset in the first worldwide cases and virological diagnosis restricted opportun ... | 2012 | 22251996 |
| national swine flu adult assessment guidelines: retrospective validation of objective criteria in three proxy datasets. | to validate the objective criteria in the department of health adult swine flu assessment tool against proxy datasets for pandemic influenza. | 2011 | 20581387 |
| 'cos girls aren't supposed to eat like pigs are they?': young women negotiating gendered discursive constructions of food and eating. | while psycho-medical understandings of 'eating disorders' draw distinctions between those who 'have'/'do not have' eating disorders, feminist poststructuralist researchers argue that these detract from political/socio-cultural conditions that invoke problematic eating and embodied subjectivities. using poststructuralist discourse analysis, we examine young women's talk around food and eating, in particular, the negotiation of tensions arising from derogating aspects of hetero-normative femininit ... | 2011 | 21610010 |
| farm level risk factors associated with severity of post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome. | a cross-sectional study involving 147 pig farms across england was conducted in 2008-2009. farm severity of post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (pmws) was estimated through the use of an algorithm that combined data on post-weaning mortality, pmws morbidity and proportion of porcine circovirus type 2 pcr positive pigs. farms were classified as non/slightly, moderately or highly affected by pmws. data on potential pmws risk factors were collected through interviews, on-farm assessment an ... | 2011 | 21741715 |
| a cohort study of preweaning piglet mortality and farrowing accommodation on 112 commercial pig farms in england. | a cohort study was carried out on 112 breeding pig farms in england to investigate the impact of type of farrowing accommodation on preweaning mortality in piglets. four types of farrowing accommodation were studied; farrowing crates, indoor loose pens, crate/loose systems (where the sow was restrained in a crate during birth and the first days of lactation before being moved to a loose pen) and outdoor farrowing in arcs in paddocks. four estimates of preweaning mortality were collected: an oral ... | 2011 | 22197175 |
| Bacteriophage lysis of enterococcus host strains: a tool for microbial source tracking? | This paper describes the isolation of Enterococcus host strains, for potential use as simple bacteriophage (phage)-based microbial source tracking (MST) tools. Presumptive Enterococcus host strains were isolated from cattle feces, raw municipal wastewater, agricultural runoff, and waters impacted by farms or wastewater treatment works (WWTW) in southern England, United Kingdom (UK). All enterococcal host strains (n = 390) were first screened for their ability to detect phage in samples of ra ... | 2011 | 22047499 |
| using electronic patient records to assess the impact of swine flu (influenza h1n1) on mental health patients. | electronic patient records are increasingly used in primary care research, but rarely in psychiatric research. little is known about how people with pre-existing mental illness respond to public health threats. | 2011 | 21271827 |
| "the maestro": a pioneering plastic surgeon--sir archibald mcindoe and his innovating work on patients with burn injury during world war ii. | this article describes mcindoe's revolutionary methods of burn treatment and rehabilitation of patients with burn injury and outlines his personality traits that made him one of the most important plastic surgeons of the twentieth century. as a consultant plastic surgeon to the royal air force, he set up a plastic surgery unit in the queen victoria hospital in east grinstead. by using biographical data and photography, mcindoe's work on burns treatment and the challenges he faced are presented. ... | 2011 | 21422943 |
| investigations into an outbreak of corvid respiratory disease associated with pasteurella multocida. | the possible cause of disease and mortality in corvids on an outdoor pig unit in the north of england between august 2007 and march 2008 was investigated. nine carrion crows (corvus corone corone) and nine rooks (corvus frugilegus), comprising five live-caught birds with clinical signs of respiratory disease, one live-caught bird without respiratory disease, and 12 birds submitted dead were examined. clinical signs, gross and histopathological examination, microbiology and toxicology indicated t ... | 2011 | 21711193 |
| salmonella serovars and antimicrobial resistance patterns on a sample of high seroprevalence pig farms in england and wales (2003-2008). | following the introduction of a national abattoir-based monitoring programme for salmonella in pigs, advisory visits were made to pig farms in england and wales with high salmonella seroprevalence assessed by muscle tissue fluid (meat juice) elisa. samples (n = 15 790), including pooled pen floor faeces (n = 12 136), were collected for salmonella culture from 296 farms, between october 2003 and february 2008. salmonella was isolated from 4489 (28%) of all samples collected, including 3301 (27%) ... | 2011 | 21824355 |
| using seasonal-trend decomposition based on loess (stl) to explore temporal patterns of pneumonic lesions in finishing pigs slaughtered in england, 2005-2011. | enzootic pneumonia (ep) is responsible for considerable economic losses in pig production. this study analyses temporal variations of pneumonic lesions present in slaughtered finishing pigs utilising a novel analytical tool - stl decomposition. using data collected over a 6-year period starting in july 2005, time-series analyses were conducted to identify trend and the presence of seasonal variations to support industry led measures to monitor and control this important respiratory disease. in e ... | 2011 | 22154250 |
| guillain-barré syndrome and h1n1 (2009) pandemic influenza vaccination using an as03 adjuvanted vaccine in the united kingdom: self-controlled case series. | in 1976 a swine influenza vaccine was associated with an increased risk of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). although subsequent studies did not find an increased risk of gbs following seasonal influenza vaccine, there was concern that the monovalent h1n1 vaccines developed against the swine influenza pandemic of 2009 might increase the risk of gbs. in the uk a split-virion as03 oil-in-water adjuvanted vaccine (pandemrix™) was predominantly used. to determine whether the risk of gbs increased after ... | 2011 | 21875631 |
| national monitoring of ascaris suum related liver pathologies in english abattoirs: a time-series analysis, 2005-2010. | ascaris suum is the most important internal parasite in farmed pigs world-wide. in england, the bpex pig health scheme (bphs) monitors the prevalence of ascariosis in slaughtered finished pigs by identifying milk spots - the healing lesions caused by a. suum larvae migration through the liver. this study investigates the trend of milk spot lesions from july 2005 to december 2010 to identify the progress made by the industry in controlling this parasitic disease. for visual explorations, the mont ... | 2011 | 21889266 |
| isolation in cell cultures and initial characterisation of two novel bocavirus species from swine in northern ireland. | we report the isolation in cell cultures of two novel bocavirus species in pigs from farms in northern ireland with clinical postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). we have designated the isolates as porcine bocavirus-3 (pbov3) and porcine bocavirus-4 (pbov4). to date 5082 and 4125bps of pbov3 and pbov4 have been sequenced, respectively. pbov3 and pbov4 show nucleotide homology to other known bocaviruses in swine and other organisms. open reading frame (orf) analysis has shown that th ... | 2011 | 21605951 |
| verocytotoxin-producing and attaching and effacing activity of escherichia coli isolated from diseased farm livestock. | between may 2005 and june 2008, strategically selected isolates of escherichia coli obtained from clinical submissions to veterinary laboratories agency (vla) regional laboratories in england and wales were serogrouped and examined by pcr for verocytotoxin (vt) production and attaching and effacing (eae) genes, both of which are zoonotic determinants. vt-encoding genes were detected in 54 (5.3 per cent) of the 1022 isolates examined. only one isolate (0.1 per cent) was identified as verocytotoxi ... | 2011 | 21546408 |
| association between biosecurity and salmonella species prevalence on english pig farms. | 2010 | 20525949 | |
| investigation of farms linked to human patients with cryptosporidiosis in england and wales. | the study investigates farms suspected of being sources of zoonotic human cryptosporidiosis. a variety of implicated farm animal species were sampled and tested to detect cryptosporidium oocysts and investigate genetic linkage with human patients. risk factor information was collected from each farm and analysed by multivariable logistic regression to detect significant associations between factors and cryptosporidium in animals. the results showed that average sample prevalence of cryptosporidi ... | 2010 | 20096944 |
| exploring the needs, concerns and behaviours of people with existing respiratory conditions in relation to the h1n1 'swine influenza' pandemic: a multicentre survey and qualitative study. | people with respiratory conditions are a 'high-risk' group for h1n1 pandemic swine influenza ('swine flu'), hence they and their families may have information needs, worries and concerns regarding the condition. health-related behaviours, including vaccination, are recommended during the pandemic; understanding uptake of these is important. | 2010 | 20630122 |
| identification of factors influencing the occurrence of milk spot livers in slaughtered pigs: a novel approach to understanding ascaris suum epidemiology in british farmed pigs. | ascariosis is the most important internal parasitism present worldwide in farmed pigs. milk spots are healing lesions occurring when ascaris suum larvae migrate through the liver. this study aimed to identify current husbandry practices (e.g. wet/compound feeding, outdoors/indoors production, bedded/slatted floors) that influence the prevalence of milk spots in batches of slaughtered pigs, accounting for geographical locations and seasonality. farm information was accessed through the british fa ... | 2010 | 20667659 |
| assessment and quantification of post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome severity at farm level. | post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (pmws) causes major economic losses for the english pig industry and severity of clinical signs and economic impact vary considerably between affected farms. we present here a novel approach to quantify severity of pmws based on morbidity and mortality data and presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). in 2008-2009, 147 pig farms across england, non-vaccinating for pcv2, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. factor analysis was used to generat ... | 2010 | 21036410 |
| house fly vector for porcine circovirus 2b on commercial pig farms. | we investigated the on-farm potential of common farm invertebrates to transmit porcine circovirus genotype 2 (pcv2) and other non-enveloped viruses. in 2007 (pre-pcv2 vaccination) and 2008 (post-pcv2 vaccination), invertebrate communities were trap-collected (8 trap-dates per year), counted and sorted into genus and species groups on 5 farm study sites within england. total dna was extracted from feces of representational cross-sections of pigs on each farm in each year and also from intact samp ... | 2010 | 21145672 |
| trends in bovine viral diarrhoea in scottish cattle. | review of bovine viral diarrhoea virus-related disease, 1996 to 2009. diverse range of respiratory diseases diagnosed in cattle. caseous lymphadenitis confirmed in a suffolk ram lamb aged only four months. extramedullary haematopoiesis of unknown cause in a pig. coccidiosis diagnosed frequently in pheasants and partridges. these are among matters discussed in the disease surveillance report for july from sac consulting: veterinary services (sac c vs). | 2010 | 21257395 |
| fasciolosis prevalent among cattle in england and wales. | 2010 | 21257462 | |
| wide variety of bioserotypes of enteropathogenic yersinia in tonsils of english pigs at slaughter. | the tonsils of 630 pigs from 45 english farms using three different rearing methods (assured british pigs, open management and organic) were examined between 2003 and 2005 in order to investigate if the low incidence of human yersiniosis could be attributed to a low prevalence of enteropathogenic yersinia among english pigs. in addition, different isolation methods were compared, possible differences in prevalence among pigs were studied, as well as the prevalence of different bioserotypes of en ... | 2010 | 20206396 |
| medium to long-term clinical outcome following stentless aortic valve replacement: comparison between allograft and xenograft valves. | the xenograft stentless valve was designed to emulate the haemodynamic performance of the allograft. early outcomes using either surgical option (stentless xenograft valve or allograft) have been similar. however, follow-up outcomes remain to be compared. between 1st january 1991 and 1st january 2001, 415 patients underwent aortic valve replacement. two hundred and seventeen patients received an allograft and in 198 patients a toronto stentless porcine valve (tspv) was implanted. mean time to fo ... | 2010 | 20357012 |
| chest radiography findings in adults with pandemic h1n1 2009 influenza. | the current pandemic of a novel influenza a (h1n1) virus, commonly referred to as "swine flu", began in mexico in march 2009 and reached the uk in april 2009. by 21 july 2009, more than 850 suspected cases of influenza had been seen at birmingham heartlands hospital (bhh), including 52 adults with laboratory-confirmed pandemic h1n1 influenza who were admitted. of seven patients (13%) requiring intensive care, six needed mechanical ventilation, two needed extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ecm ... | 2010 | 20505030 |
| h1n1 vaccine. four shas have swine flu jab deals in place. | 2010 | 20135811 | |
| a cohort study of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and pcv2 in 178 pigs from birth to 14 weeks on a single farm in england. | our hypothesis was that pigs that develop post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) are detectable from an early age with signs of weight loss and other clinical and serological abnormalities. therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the temporally varying and fixed events linked with the clinical incidence of pmws by comparing affected and unaffected pigs in a cohort of 178 male piglets. piglets were enrolled at birth and examined each week. samples of blood were colle ... | 2010 | 20801534 |
| analysis of laboratory-based laparoscopic colorectal surgery workshops within the english national training programme. | this study aimed to determine and compare the opinions of trainees and trainers attending courses using two simulation models (fresh frozen cadavers or anaesthetized pigs) and to assess trainees' degree of insight into both the difficulty of different procedures and their operative performance in the simulated environment. | 2010 | 21058021 |
| cell therapies and parkinson's disease: where next? interviewed by emily culme-seymour. | dr roger a barker is a university reader in clinical neuroscience and honorary consultant in neurology at the addenbrooke's hospital. he trained at oxford and in london and has been in his current position for 10 years, having completed an mrc clinician scientist fellowship prior to this. his main interests are in the neurodegenerative disorders of the nervous system, in particular parkinson's disease and huntington's disease. dr barker combines basic research investigating cell therapies to tre ... | 2010 | 21082886 |
| predictive clinicopathological features derived from systematic autopsy examination of patients who died with a/h1n1 influenza infection in the uk 2009-10 pandemic. | from april 2009 to january 2010, the pandemic of a/h1n1 influenza affected the uk. there were > 30,000 infections and 457 deaths (all ages). reports from other countries had indicated that certain comorbidities were associated with a higher risk of death from h1n1 infection, and there was a need to identify these factors in the uk population as knowledge of them could lead to improved treatment in the current epidemic and reduced mortality in future epidemics. | 2010 | 21208548 |
| prevalence of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars in england and wales. | 2010 | 21257468 | |
| 'setting the guinea pigs free': towards a new model of community-led social marketing. | to offer the opportunity to discuss the positive contribution of co-production approaches in the field of social marketing. | 2009 | 19744679 |
| swine flu: a birmingham experience. | by the beginning of july 2009 the west midlands had seen more cases of novel h1n1 influenza (swine flu) than any other region in the u.k. over a three-week period almost 850 people presented to heartlands hospital with flu-like symptoms. of those admitted 52 adults were subsequently confirmed as having h1n1 infection. most were younger than 30 and not from traditional influenza risk groups. the main risk factor for severe disease was asthma, and to a lesser extent pregnancy and obesity. seven pa ... | 2009 | 20095293 |
| chief medical officer warns that swine flu may be on the rise again. | 2009 | 19767346 | |
| efracom reports on the state of the english pig industry. | 2009 | 19195138 | |
| application of welfare assessment to commercial livestock production. | farm assurance schemes are an inevitable and essential part of the uk livestock industries as they provide valuable assurances to the market over food safety, nonhuman animal welfare, and environmental concerns. however, there is potential for welfare assessment within such schemes to extend beyond existing resource-based parameters to include outcome-based observations of the behavior and physical condition of the animal. this may be associated with direct benefits for producers (useful managem ... | 2009 | 19319712 |
| a cross-sectional study of the prevalence of foot lesions in post-weaning pigs and risks associated with floor type on commercial farms in england. | we carried out a cross-sectional study during 2003 and 2004 to establish the prevalence and risk factors associated with floor type for commonly observed foot lesions in pigs aged 6, 8 and 14 weeks. the overall prevalence of foot lesions was 39.6% in 2283 pigs from 90 representative pig farms in england. the most prevalent lesions were heel/sole bruising (7.1%), heel/sole erosion (10.8%), heel flaps (8.4%) and toe erosion (11.6%). pigs were kept on either solid (41%), partly slatted (28%) or ful ... | 2009 | 19545923 |
| number of swine flu patients going into intensive care is rising. | 2009 | 19884211 | |
| continued diagnosis of idiopathic haemorrhagic diathesis in calves. | 2009 | 20008342 | |
| noise levels in lairages for cattle, sheep and pigs in abattoirs in england and wales. | levels of sound intensity were measured over periods of 24 hours in 34 abattoir lairages in england and wales. the mean integrated range in 12 cattle lairages was 52 to 79 db(a), in 11 sheep lairages, 45 to 76 db(a) and in 11 pig lairages, 46 to 87 db(a). in general, the pig lairages were the noisiest, with spot peak recordings of up to 110 db(a). typically, the sound intensities in all the lairages were 10 to 20 db(a) higher during the working day than at night. in many sheep lairages, high int ... | 2009 | 19749207 |
| strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the pig health monitoring systems used in england. | several systems are being used in england to record information about the health of pigs. the british pig health scheme (bphs), the national animal disease information system (nadis), the zoonoses action plan (zap) for salmonella and the veterinary investigation diagnosis analysis (vida) system have been assessed to make recommendations for their future separate or joint development. the structure, organisation, processes, data quality, dissemination, utilisation and acceptance of each system ha ... | 2009 | 19850852 |
| public perceptions, anxiety, and behaviour change in relation to the swine flu outbreak: cross sectional telephone survey. | to assess whether perceptions of the swine flu outbreak predicted changes in behaviour among members of the public in england, scotland, and wales. | 2009 | 19574308 |
| swine flu website inundated as cases in england double in a week. | 2009 | 19633034 | |
| swine flu incidence in england is slowing down. | 2009 | 19651687 | |
| four at-risk groups will be first to be vaccinated against swine flu, says chief medical officer. | 2009 | 19687089 | |
| a cross sectional study of the prevalence, risk factors and population attributable fractions for limb and body lesions in lactating sows on commercial farms in england. | lesions on sows' limbs and bodies are an abnormality that might impact on their welfare. the prevalence of and risks for limb and body lesions on lactating sows on commercial english pig farms were investigated using direct observation of the sows and their housing. | 2009 | 19703273 |
| a cross sectional study of prevalence, risk factors, population attributable fractions and pathology for foot and limb lesions in preweaning piglets on commercial farms in england. | in a cross sectional study of 88 indoor and outdoor english pig farms, the prevalence of foot and limb lesions in 2843 preweaning piglets aged 1-4 weeks from 304 litters was recorded. the environmental risks for the prevalence of lesions and population attributable fractions were calculated. the risks for lesions in piglets were compared with those for limb and body lesions in their mothers. a small number of piglets with each type of lesion were examined post mortem to elucidate the pathology o ... | 2009 | 19703274 |
| monitoring the emergence of community transmission of influenza a/h1n1 2009 in england: a cross sectional opportunistic survey of self sampled telephone callers to nhs direct. | to evaluate ascertainment of the onset of community transmission of influenza a/h1n1 2009 (swine flu) in england during the earliest phase of the epidemic through comparing data from two surveillance systems. | 2009 | 19713236 |
| incidence of swine flu in england continues to fall, but winter surge is predicted. | 2009 | 19700521 | |
| cases of swine flu in england almost double in a week. | 2009 | 19858182 | |
| pigs ears and the law of unintended consequences. | 2009 | 19933614 | |
| up to a third of schoolchildren in some parts of england may already have had swine flu. | 2009 | 19939903 | |
| longitudinal survey of the occurrence of salmonella in pigs and the environment of nucleus breeder and multiplier pig herds in england. | eight pig breeding units previously associated with salmonella typhimurium were visited during a period of up to seven years. samples from voided faeces, surfaces, fomites and wildlife were cultured. certain serovars (derby, stanley, give, bredeney, mbandaka and manhattan) were isolated repeatedly on certain units, while others (agona, ajiobo, heidelberg, meleagridis, muenchen, montevideo, rissen and senftenberg) were detected only once or intermittently. serovars kedougou, newport and typhimuri ... | 2009 | 19946125 |
| fall in swine flu cases may not signal an end of the epidemic, warns professor donaldson. | 2009 | 19969608 | |
| gps make deals with local nhs to vaccinate children against swine flu. | 2009 | 20008016 | |
| swine flu has been "considerably less lethal than feared," says donaldson. | 2009 | 20026511 | |
| verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli o157 in animals on public amenity premises in england and wales, 1997 to 2007. | at the request of the public health authorities, 31 public amenity premises in england and wales containing animals of various species were investigated for the presence of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) o157 between 1997 and 2007, because of putative associations with human cases. vtec o157 was confirmed in one or more species on 19 (61.3 per cent) of the premises. there were significant associations between the presence of vtec o157 and the number of species sampled, the size of the ... | 2009 | 19411683 |
| drug-resistant salmonella typhimurium dt 120: use of pfge and mlva in a putative international outbreak investigation. | isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium belonging to definitive phage type (dt) 120 (salmonella typhimurium dt 120) from simultaneous outbreaks of infection in the england and denmark have been compared on the basis of antibiogram, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (mlva). isolates from england had the resistance profile (ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline), mlva profiles 2-4-4-0-2, 2-4-5-0-2, ... | 2009 | 19432517 |
| surveillance. november 2008. | 2009 | 19151403 | |
| clinical and laboratory investigations of the outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease in southern england in 2007. | a case of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) on a cattle farm in normandy, surrey, was confirmed on friday august 3, 2007, the first case in the uk since 2001. the infection was detected nearby on a second farm on august 6. on september 12, fmd was confirmed on a farm approximately 20 km from normandy in egham, and this was followed by cases on five more farms in that area in the next three weeks. the majority of the infected farms consisted of multiple beef cattle holdings in semi-urban areas. in tot ... | 2008 | 18676997 |
| tracing the source of campylobacteriosis. | campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastro-enteritis in the developed world. it is thought to infect 2-3 million people a year in the us alone, at a cost to the economy in excess of us $4 billion. c. jejuni is a widespread zoonotic pathogen that is carried by animals farmed for meat and poultry. a connection with contaminated food is recognized, but c. jejuni is also commonly found in wild animals and water sources. phylogenetic studies have suggested that genotypes pathogenic ... | 2008 | 18818764 |
| dynamics of salmonella transmission on a british pig grower-finisher farm: a stochastic model. | previous modelling studies have estimated that between 1% and 10% of human salmonella infections are attributable to pig meat consumption. in response to this food safety threat the british pig industry have initiated a salmonella monitoring programme. it is anticipated that this programme will contribute to achieving a uk food standards agency target for reducing salmonella levels in pigs at slaughter by 50% within 5 years. in order to better inform the monitoring programme, we have developed a ... | 2008 | 17475090 |
| a cross-sectional study of the prevalence and associated risk factors for capped hock and the associations with bursitis in weaner, grower and finisher pigs from 93 commercial farms in england. | the prevalence of capped hock in 5601 post-weaning pigs from 93 pig farms in england was 17.2%. the prevalence increased with age. once adjusted for age, the lowest prevalence of capped hock was observed in pigs kept on soil floors (usually covered with deep straw bedding). there was no significant increase in the risk of capped hock in pigs kept on solid concrete floors with deep straw bedding. however, pigs kept on solid concrete with some, or the entire pen, sparsely bedded and pigs kept on p ... | 2008 | 17905453 |
| a cross-sectional study of the prevalence and associated risk factors for bursitis in weaner, grower and finisher pigs from 93 commercial farms in england. | a cross-sectional study of 93 farms in england was carried out to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors for bursitis. a total of 6250 pigs aged 6-22 weeks were examined for presence and severity of bursitis. details of pen construction, pen quality and farm management were recorded including floor type, presence of bedding, condition of the floor and floor materials. the prevalence of bursitis was 41.2% and increased with each week of age (or 1.1). two-level logistic regression mod ... | 2008 | 17942176 |
| detection and surveillance for animal trichinellosis in gb. | the zoonotic disease trichinellosis is considered one of the re-emerging diseases with surveillance and control methods constantly gaining more importance worldwide. recent change in european union (eu) legislation introduces trichinella-free production, and the possibility of risk-based monitoring for trichinella in pigs. this has increased the role of wildlife surveillance programmes and their impact on protecting human health as well as highlighted the need for harmonised surveillance protoco ... | 2008 | 18160221 |
| the cysteinyl leukotrienes: where do they come from? what are they? where are they going? | cysteinyl leukotrienes are established mediators of bronchial asthma and have agonist roles analogous to those of histamine in allergic rhinitis. we now know that the substance originally termed slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis was composed of three cysteinyl leukotrienes that act in the inflammatory response via receptors on smooth muscle and on bone marrow-derived inflammatory cells. k. frank austen describes the work culminating in the identification, biosynthesis and functional charact ... | 2008 | 18204420 |
| unexpectedly high incidence of indigenous acute hepatitis e within south hampshire: time for routine testing? | hepatitis e indigenous to developed countries (hepatitis eidc) is a form of hepatitis e in persons with no travel history to highly endemic areas. it has been recognized recently as an emerging clinical entity in a significant number of economically developed countries including uk. however, it is still perceived as a rare disease and routine laboratory testing for hepatitis e is not performed. a series of 13 cases of hepatitis eidc, diagnosed in a 13-month period from june 2005 within a single ... | 2008 | 18098134 |
| transmission pathways of foot-and-mouth disease virus in the united kingdom in 2007. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus causes an acute vesicular disease of domesticated and wild ruminants and pigs. identifying sources of fmd outbreaks is often confounded by incomplete epidemiological evidence and the numerous routes by which virus can spread (movements of infected animals or their products, contaminated persons, objects, and aerosols). here, we show that the outbreaks of fmd in the united kingdom in august 2007 were caused by a derivative of fmdv o(1) bfs 1860, a virus strain h ... | 2008 | 18421380 |
| thomas graham brown (1882--1965), anders lundberg (1920-), and the neural control of stepping. | thomas graham brown (1882--1965) undertook experiments on the neural control of stepping in the university of liverpool laboratory of charles sherrington (1857--1952) in 1910--13 and his own laboratory in 1913--15 at the university of manchester. his results revealed the intrinsic capability of the spinal cord in the guinea pig and cat to generate a stepping output pattern whose timing did not depend upon descending or sensory inputs. this idea was then revolutionary because the prevailing viewp ... | 2008 | 18582502 |
| suspected bracken poisoning in pigs. | 2007 | 17602110 | |
| autochthonous hepatitis e in southwest england. | although autochthonous hepatitis e has been reported in developed countries, its extent and nature in the united kingdom are unclear. the aim of the present study was to report the natural history, lifestyle risk factors and molecular epidemiology of autochthonous hepatitis e infection in southwest england. three hundred and thirty-three patients with unexplained hepatitis were tested for markers of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection over a 7-year period. hev rna isolated from the cases was ampli ... | 2007 | 17439519 |
| bovine tuberculosis infection in wild mammals in the south-west region of england: a survey of prevalence and a semi-quantitative assessment of the relative risks to cattle. | in the united kingdom, badgers are implicated in the transmission of mycobacterium bovis to cattle, but little information is available on the potential role of other wild mammals. this paper presents the results of the largest systematic uk survey of m. bovis infection in other wild mammals. mammal carcasses (4715) from throughout the south-west region of england were subjected to a systematic post mortem examination, microbiological culture of tissues and spoligotyping of isolates. infection w ... | 2007 | 16434219 |
| the work of the animal research station, cambridge. | this paper traces the history of the animal research station, cambridge from its establishment in 1932 to its closure in 1986. the author worked there for forty years and was director from 1979. originally set up as a field station for cambridge university's school of agriculture, the station was expanded after world war ii as the agricultural research council's unit of animal reproduction. beginning with semen and artificial insemination, research at the station soon embraced superovulation and ... | 2007 | 17543843 |
| spatiotemporal patterns and risks of herd breakdowns in pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | a retrospective cohort study of 116 british pig farms was undertaken to investigate the epidemiological risk factors associated with herd breakdowns with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). farmers reported the pmws status of their herd (case definition 1) and, where applicable, when the disease was first suspected and what they observed; they described a prolonged increase in mortality in six to 16-week-old pigs that was not attributable to any disease known to be on their farm. ... | 2007 | 17545645 |
| fmd in surrey: epidemiological investigations 'ongoing'. | 2007 | 17966156 | |
| survey of pigs' kidneys with lesions consistent with pmws and pdns and ochratoxicosis. part 2: pathological and histological findings. | one thousand condemned pigs' kidneys were collected in february 2002 from two pig abattoirs in england to assess the lesions due to postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns) and the possible contribution of ochratoxicosis; 174 of the kidneys were pale, 295 were swollen and 81 were abnormally firm with the gross appearance of fibrosis. the main macroscopic finding was the presence of multifocal pale cortical lesions, observed in 446 o ... | 2006 | 17142623 |
| modelling the initial spread of foot-and-mouth disease through animal movements. | livestock movements in great britain (gb) are well recorded and are a unique record of the network of connections among livestock-holding locations. these connections can be critical for disease spread, as in the 2001 epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in the uk. here, the movement data are used to construct an individual-farm-based model of the initial spread of fmd in gb and determine the susceptibility of the gb livestock industry to future outbreaks under the current legislative requir ... | 2006 | 17015320 |
| comparison of different control strategies for foot-and-mouth disease: a study of the epidemics in canada in 1951/52, hampshire in 1967 and northumberland in 1966. | the measures used to control the epidemics of foot-and-mouth disease in canada in 1951/52 (29 outbreaks) were compared with those used in the epidemic in hampshire in 1967 (29 outbreaks). in both epidemics the disease spread more from premises where the disease was reported late and the imposition of quarantine or restrictions on infected premises was delayed. in hampshire, area restrictions were imposed, susceptible livestock on infected premises and on premises in direct contact were slaughter ... | 2006 | 16400097 |
| factors associated with preweaning mortality on commercial pig farms in england and wales. | data from 67 pig farms with a variety of farrowing systems were used to identify factors associated with preweaning mortality in british pig herds. the median mortality reported by the farmers was 10.7 per cent (interquartile range 8.5 to 14 per cent). there was a significantly higher mortality when the pigs were weaned when they were older. a multivariable poisson model was developed into which the types of farrowing system on each farm and the age at weaning were forced. factors associated wit ... | 2006 | 16905731 |
| germs and angels: the role of testimony in young children's ontology. | in three experiments, children's reliance on other people's testimony as compared to their own, first-hand experience was assessed in the domain of ontology. children ranging from 4 to 8 years were asked to judge whether five different types of entity exist: real entities (e.g. cats, trees) whose existence is evident to everyone; scientific entities (e.g. germs, oxygen) that are normally invisible but whose existence is generally presupposed in everyday discourse; endorsed beings (e.g. the tooth ... | 2006 | 16445398 |
| surveillance of suspect animal toxicoses with potential food safety implications in england and wales between 1990 and 2002. | the potential chemical contamination incidents investigated by the veterinary laboratories agency (vla) between 1990 and 2002 are reviewed. incidents were identified in the course of the vla's surveillance of food animal disease and further investigations were carried out on behalf of the food standards agency in order to identify and control the contamination of food animals and animal products with chemical hazards. in total 876 incidents were investigated, of which 588 involved the poisoning ... | 2005 | 16227381 |
| coccidiosis in replacement gilts. | 2005 | 16244235 | |
| area-level risks for bse in british cattle before and after the july 1988 meat and bone meal feed ban. | in this paper we investigate area-level risk factors for bse for the cattle population present in great britain between 1986 and 1997. by dividing this population into two birth cohorts, those born before the july 1988 ban on feeding ruminant-derived meat and bone meal to ruminants and those born after, second-order regional influences are distinguished from the strong first-order south-to-north gradient of area-level bse risk using bayesian hierarchical models that account for structured (spati ... | 2005 | 15899301 |
| the 2001 epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease in the united kingdom: epidemiological and meteorological case studies. | the possibility of the airborne spread of foot-and-mouth disease during the 2001 epidemic in the uk has been investigated in three epidemiological case studies. on the basis of evidence from field investigations, and a simple meteorological analysis, it is concluded that the spread of disease was consistent with the airborne transport of virus. the distances ranged from less than 1 km to 16 km; six of the farms were over 6 km from the source and involved the passage of virus over the sea combine ... | 2005 | 15965003 |
| the foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in dumfries and galloway, 2001. 1: characteristics and control. | the foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in dumfries and galloway in south-west scotland comprised 177 infected premises (ips) in 24 geographical clusters, and ran from march 1 until may 23, 2001. initial seeding of infection was by livestock (predominantly sheep) that had passed through longtown market in adjacent cumbria. thereafter, spread within existing, and to new, clusters was associated with the movement of personnel and vehicles, with further transmission by longtown market contacts and acro ... | 2005 | 15751571 |
| disease risks from foods, england and wales, 1996-2000. | data from population-based studies and national surveillance systems were collated and analyzed to estimate the impact of disease and risks associated with eating different foods in england and wales. from 1996 to 2000, an estimated 1,724,315 cases of indigenous foodborne disease per year resulted in 21,997 hospitalizations and 687 deaths. the greatest impact on the healthcare sector arose from foodborne campylobacter infection (160,788 primary care visits and 15,918 hospitalizations), while sal ... | 2005 | 15757549 |
| effects of insulation on the temperature within farrowing huts and the weaning weights of piglets reared on a commercial outdoor pig unit. | the air temperatures inside uninsulated and insulated huts were recorded on an outdoor pig unit in the south of england between september 1997 and september 1998, and the herd's production parameters were also recorded. during the summer the temperatures inside some of the uninsulated huts exceeded 45 degrees c, but the temperatures inside the insulated huts were lower and fluctuated less. despite the high temperatures, the weaning weight of piglets reared in the uninsulated huts were often high ... | 2005 | 16361473 |
| transport of veterinary antibiotics in overland flow following the application of slurry to arable land. | the environment may be exposed to veterinary medicines administered to livestock due to the application of organic fertilisers to land. slurry is often spread on to fields following the harvest of the previous crop. despite recommendations to do so, the slurry may not be ploughed into the soil for some time. if precipitation occurs before incorporation then it is likely that the slurry and any antibiotic residues in the slurry will be transported towards surface waters in overland flow. this phe ... | 2005 | 15823328 |
| characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium isolates from broiler poultry and pig farms in england and wales. | this study aimed to investigate the occurrence and molecular epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vref) isolates on poultry and pig farms in england and wales. a total of 217 vref isolates were obtained from fresh feces and environmental swabs collected from conventional and organic farms. a predominant pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) profile was found for each vref-positive farm, together with less frequent types. all isolates presented the vana genotype and were e ... | 2005 | 16000449 |
| exploratory spatial relative risk mapping. | the many faces of disease mapping include maps of disease case locations, regional counts of cases, and disease risk. another approach is that of mapping the relative risk. previous methods to map the relative risk were based on regression models of relative risk, given information about geographical locations and established risk factors. however, spatial epidemiological investigations are often exploratory with limited knowledge about the putative risk factors. indeed, often the primary motiva ... | 2005 | 16122824 |
| non-travel-associated hepatitis e in england and wales: demographic, clinical, and molecular epidemiological characteristics. | between 1996 and 2003, 186 cases of hepatitis e were serologically diagnosed. of these, 17 (9%) were not associated with recent travel abroad. patients were >55 years old (range, 56-82 years old) and tended to be male (76%). two patients presented with fulminant hepatitis. a total of 129 (69%) cases were associated with recent travel to countries where hepatitis e virus (hev) is hyperendemic. compared with patients with travel-associated disease, patients with non-travel-associated disease were ... | 2005 | 16136458 |
| neuropsychological effects of long-term low-level organophosphate exposure in orchard sprayers in england. | the health effects from prolonged low-level organophosphate exposure are unknown. we hypothesized that exposed individuals would show neuropsychological decrements when compared with unexposed individuals, and that cumulative organophosphate exposure would be correlated with neuropsychological performance. we used a quasiexperimental cross-sectional design to compare neuropsychological test scores among three groups: orchard sprayers exposed to organophosphates, and construction worker and pig f ... | 2004 | 16599004 |
| further characterization of porcine brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolates with decreased susceptibility to tiamulin. | brachyspira hyodysenteriae is the causative agent of swine dysentery, a severe diarrhoeal disease in pigs. few drugs are available to treat the disease, owing to both antimicrobial resistance and withdrawal of drugs authorized for use in pigs. tiamulin is the drug of choice in many countries, but isolates with decreased susceptibility have recently been reported. the mechanism of tiamulin resistance in b. hyodysenteriae is not known and this facet is essential to understand the dissemination of ... | 2004 | 15017283 |
| detection and genetic typing of type 2 porcine circoviruses in archived pig tissues from the uk. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) is implicated as the causative agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and is also associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns). the recent emergence of epidemic pmws in the united kingdom was predated by sporadic cases of pdns dating back to the early 1980's. the aim of this study was to investigate whether pcv-2 dna was present in archival tissues, and if so, to investigate the relatedness of these viruses with contemporary ... | 2004 | 15168203 |
| potentially novel segmental polioencephalomyelitis in weaner pigs. | 2004 | 15260452 | |
| potentially novel segmental polioencephalomyelitis in weaner pigs. | 2004 | 15285288 | |
| characterisation of attaching-effacing escherichia coli isolated from animals at slaughter in england and wales. | escherichia coli isolates were recovered from faecal samples taken from cattle, sheep and pigs at slaughter in england and wales. isolates (n = 1227) selected at random from this collection were each hybridised in colony dot-blot experiments with an eae gene probe that presumptively identified attaching-effacing e. coli (aeec). of the 99 (8.1%) eae positive isolates 72 were of ovine origin, 24 were of bovine origin and three of porcine origin. none were typed as o157:h7 whereas 78 were assigned ... | 2004 | 15288926 |