Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the burden of hospitalisation for varicella and herpes zoster in england from 2004 to 2013. | we aimed to determine the hospital burden of varicella-zoster virus infection (vzv) in england during 2004-2013 to support a future cost-effectiveness analysis of a childhood varicella vaccination programme. | 2016 | 27283754 |
| validity of a reported history of chickenpox in targeting varicella vaccination at susceptible adolescents in england. | in the uk, primary varicella is usually a mild infection in children, but can cause serious illness in susceptible pregnant women and adults. the uk joint committee on vaccination and immunisation is considering an adolescent varicella vaccination programme. cost-effectiveness depends upon identifying susceptibles and minimising vaccine wastage, and chickenpox history is one method to screen for eligibility. to inform this approach, we estimated the proportion of adolescents with varicella antib ... | 2014 | 23871823 |
| the effects of school holidays on transmission of varicella zoster virus, england and wales, 1967-2008. | changes in children's contact patterns between termtime and school holidays affect the transmission of several respiratory-spread infections. transmission of varicella zoster virus (vzv), the causative agent of chickenpox, has also been linked to the school calendar in several settings, but temporal changes in the proportion of young children attending childcare centres may have influenced this relationship. | 2014 | 24932994 |
| modelling the impact of a combined varicella and zoster vaccination programme on the epidemiology of varicella zoster virus in england. | this study updates previous work on modelling the incidence of varicella and herpes zoster (hz) following the introduction of childhood vaccination. the updated model includes new data on age-specific contact patterns, as well as data on the efficacy of zoster vaccination in the elderly and allows for hz among vaccinees. the current study also looks at two-dose varicella childhood programmes, and assesses the combined impact of varicella vaccination in childhood and zoster vaccination of the eld ... | 2011 | 21277405 |
| diagnostic strategy used to establish etiologies of encephalitis in a prospective cohort of patients in england. | the laboratory diagnostic strategy used to determine the etiology of encephalitis in 203 patients is reported. an etiological diagnosis was made by first-line laboratory testing for 111 (55%) patients. subsequent testing, based on individual case reviews, resulted in 17 (8%) further diagnoses, of which 12 (71%) were immune-mediated and 5 (29%) were due to infection. seventy-five cases were of unknown etiology. sixteen (8%) of 203 samples were found to be associated with either n-methyl-d-asparta ... | 2011 | 21865429 |
| causes of encephalitis and differences in their clinical presentations in england: a multicentre, population-based prospective study. | encephalitis has many causes, but for most patients the cause is unknown. we aimed to establish the cause and identify the clinical differences between causes in patients with encephalitis in england. | 2010 | 20952256 |
| determination of the geographical origin of unidentified cadavers based on geographical differences in genotype of varicella-zoster virus. | a new method was developed for determining the geographical origin of unidentified cadavers by examining the genome of varicella-zoster virus (vzv), which resides latently throughout life in most individuals and the genotypes which show distinct geographical distribution. vzv dna samples extracted from the trigeminal ganglia of 62 cadavers (59 from japan, and 1 each from the united kingdom, mongolia, and pakistan) submitted for medico-legal autopsy were examined. sequencing was performed on a 35 ... | 2010 | 20336724 |
| estimating the cost-effectiveness of vaccination against herpes zoster in england and wales. | a live-attenuated vaccine against herpes zoster (hz) has been approved for use, on the basis of a large-scale clinical trial that suggests that the vaccine is safe and efficacious. this study uses a markov cohort model to estimate whether routine vaccination of the elderly (60+) would be cost-effective, when compared with other uses of health care resources. vaccine efficacy parameters are estimated by fitting a model to clinical trial data. estimates of qaly losses due to acute hz and post-herp ... | 2009 | 19135492 |
| clinical features of viral meningitis in adults: significant differences in cerebrospinal fluid findings among herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, and enterovirus infections. | in this retrospective study, our objective was to review the epidemiology of viral meningitis and to compare clinical features associated with enterovirus, herpes simplex virus (hsv), and varicella zoster virus (vzv) infections in immunocompetent adults. | 2008 | 18680414 |
| the seroepidemiology of varicella zoster virus among pregnant bangladeshi and white british women in the london borough of tower hamlets, uk. | we investigated the comparative seroepidemiology of varicella zoster virus (vzv) in pregnant women of two ethnic groups, white british and bangladeshi, living in an inner city area of london, united kingdom. women aged 16-45 years were recruited from antenatal clinics of the royal london hospital in the borough of tower hamlets. complete data were obtained from 275 white british and 765 bangladeshi women. vzv antibody prevalence was 93.1% (95% ci 89.4-95.8) and 86.0% (95% ci 83.3-88.4) respectiv ... | 2007 | 17445317 |
| varicella-zoster-virus genotypes in east london: a prospective study in patients with herpes zoster. | a total of 298 patients with herpes zoster were recruited as part of 2 community-based studies in east london between 1998 and 2003. single nucleotide-polymorphism analysis of 4 regions (genes 1, 21, 37, and 60) found that most genotypes were european strains c and b, representing 58% and 21% of all samples collected. no change in the proportion of these european clades has occurred during the past 80 years, strongly supporting the hypothesis that these strains are indigenous to the united kingd ... | 2007 | 17763323 |
| vzv infection in pregnancy: a retrospective review over 5 years in sheffield and discussion on the potential utilisation of varicella vaccine in prevention. | to study retrospectively the epidemiology, demography and clinical issues related to varicella in pregnancy in a uk city over a 5-year period and help inform the debate on the potential of varicella immunisation in prevention. | 2007 | 17418420 |
| seroprevalence of antibody to varicella zoster virus in england and wales in children and young adults. | this is the first large-scale study to investigate the seroprevalence of varicella zoster (vzv) in the general population of england and wales. the study focused on those aged 1-20 years, that age group in whom most infections occur. prevalence rose rapidly with age, with 53% of children showing evidence of prior infection by the age of 5 years and most young adults having experienced infection. in addition to using a fixed cut-off recommended by the manufacturer, a mixture modelling technique w ... | 2004 | 15635971 |
| the incidence of shingles and its implications for vaccination policy. | a vaccine is now available to prevent varicella-zoster infection, but its place in routine preventive care is not yet determined. the age specific incidence of shingles was examined separately by gender and age groups (15-24, 25-44, 45-64, 65-74 and 75 years and more) over the years 1994-2001. these incidence data were applied to national available data for the uk on current life expectancy to calculate the risk of shingles infections at varying ages. the potential benefit of an effective vaccin ... | 2003 | 12744889 |
| varicella vaccination: impact of vaccine efficacy on the epidemiology of vzv. | in 1995, varicella vaccination was introduced into the infant immunization schedule of the united states. currently, many other countries are considering mass varicella vaccination. mass vaccination has two dangers: it could increase the number of varicella cases in adults, where severity is greater, and increase cases of zoster. a deterministic, realistic, age-structured model (ras) was built to study these concerns. model parameter estimates were derived from a review of the literature and sur ... | 2003 | 12627484 |
| epidemiology of varicella-zoster virus in england and wales. | many countries are studying currently the possibility of mass vaccination against varicella. the objective of this study was to provide a complete picture of the pre-vaccine epidemiology of the varicella-zoster virus in england and wales to aid in the design of immunisation programs. population-based data including general practitioner sentinel surveillance, hospitalisation data, and death certificates from england and wales were analysed. the average incidence rates for varicella and zoster bet ... | 2003 | 12627480 |
| changes in age related seroprevalence of antibody to varicella zoster virus: impact on vaccine strategy. | to study changes in the seroprevalence of varicella zoster virus (vzv) antibody over the past 25 years with a view to determining the target age group for any future vaccination strategy. | 2002 | 11865016 |
| contacts with varicella or with children and protection against herpes zoster in adults: a case-control study. | whether exogenous exposure to varicella-zoster-virus protects individuals with latent varicella-zoster virus infection against herpes zoster by boosting immunity is not known. to test the hypothesis that contacts with children increase exposure to varicella-zoster virus and protect latently infected adults against zoster, we did a case-control study in south london, uk. | 2002 | 12241874 |
| phls overview of communicable diseases 1997: results of a priority setting exercise. | in early 1997, the phls overview of communicable diseases (ovcd) committee carried out a consultation exercise to inform the development of phls priorities in communicable diseases for the years 1997 to 1999. the views of phls senior staff and scientific committees and consultants in communicable disease control in district health authorities were sought by postal questionnaire, and several organisations of health professionals were asked for their views on the initial findings. the main finding ... | 1998 | 9830790 |
| survey of resistance of herpes simplex virus to acyclovir in northwest england. | acyclovir (acv) has been used for more than 15 years in the management of herpes simplex virus (hsv) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) disease. the present survey was undertaken to assess the level of acv resistance in the population. more than 2,000 hsv isolates from both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients in northwest england were collected over a 2-year period and tested for sensitivity to acv. these studies suggested a prevalence of resistance of approximately 0.1 to 0.6% in immun ... | 1998 | 9559798 |
| molecular epidemiology of varicella-zoster virus in east london, england, between 1971 and 1995. | the molecular epidemiology of varicella-zoster virus in london, england, between 1971 and 1995 was examined by using two informative polymorphic markers, variable repeat region r5 and a bgli restriction site in gene 54. viruses from 105 cases of chickenpox and 144 of zoster were typed. two alleles of r5, a and b, were found at prevalences of 89 and 6%, respectively. no difference in allele frequency between the zoster and chickenpox cases was found, and no change in the frequencies of these alle ... | 1997 | 9350738 |
| varicella-zoster virus epidemiology--a changing scene? | chickenpox is a relatively mild disease in healthy children but may be life threatening in immuno-suppressed patents, neonates, and normal adults, especially smokers-for whom the risk of varicella pneumonia is high. the epidemiology of chickenpox appears to be changing: there has been an unexplained upward shift in the age distribution of cases over the last 20 years. this is reflected by increased consultations for chickenpox in general practices and more deaths in england and wales. on the bas ... | 1996 | 8896538 |
| an analysis of infection control of varicella-zoster virus infections in addenbrooke's hospital cambridge over a 5-year period, 1987-92. | this prospective study analyses infections with varicella-zoster virus (vzv) in addenbrooke's hospital, cambridge during 1987-92 and examines the spread of infection. in total, 93 patients and staff experienced vzv infection. twenty-one patients had varicella and 49 experienced zoster. none of 101 patients and 1 of 625 staff members in contact with varicella cases acquired infection. by contrast, 2 of 227 patients, and 5 of 1039 staff in contact with zoster cases acquired varicella. one out of 2 ... | 1996 | 8760965 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies to human herpesviruses in england and hong kong. | the age-related prevalence of antibodies to herpesviruses was compared in england and hong kong. altogether 327 sera from england and 266 sera from hong kong were tested for antibodies to herpes simplex virus (hsv), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6). herpesvirus infections were common in both countries but generally were acquired earlier and were more prevalent in hong kong. over 90% of children in hong kong were infect ... | 1994 | 8083655 |
| the dna sequence of equine herpesvirus-1. | the complete dna sequence was determined of a pathogenic british isolate of equine herpesvirus-1, a respiratory virus which can cause abortion and neurological disease. the genome is 150,223 bp in size, has a base composition of 56.7% g + c, and contains 80 open reading frames likely to encode protein. since four open reading frames are duplicated in the major inverted repeat, two are probably expressed as a spliced mrna, and one may contain an internal transcriptional promoter, the genome is co ... | 1992 | 1318606 |
| epidemiology of shingles. | one thousand and nineteen patients with acute varicella zoster viral infection were referred to the physiotherapy department for treatment between 1978 and 1986. sixty per cent were women and 40% were men with a mean age of 58 years (range 9-96 years). the prevalence varied between 1.3 and 1.6 per 1000 per annum. the left side was affected in 52% while the right was affected in 48%. the thoracic dermatomes were the most commonly affected (56%) followed by cervical (17%), lumbar (10%), sacral (5% ... | 1990 | 1962821 |
| varicella zoster virus infections in immunocompromised hosts. a review of the natural history and management. | varicella is relatively mild in otherwise normal children, in whom new lesions form for a mean of four days after onset and heal 50 percent of their lesions in eight days. new lesions form in most immunocompromised children for longer than five days and those not treated with antiviral drugs have a 28 percent incidence of pneumonitis and a 7 percent mortality rate. untreated immunocompromised adults with herpes zoster shed virus for longer (7.0 days) than otherwise normal adults (5.3 days). herp ... | 1988 | 3044096 |
| live varicella immunization in healthy non-immune nurses. | thirty-four varicella-zoster virus (vzv) seronegative nurses were vaccinated with the live varicella vaccine (varilrix) and followed for periods of up to 36 months. no major vaccine reactions were observed. at 5 and 12 months, 94% of the nurses had seroconverted but at 3 years, only 64% retained antibody activity. however, lymphocyte transformation to vzv antigen was positive in 7 seronegative nurses, all of whom had previously seroconverted. the one nurse who developed chickenpox had not seroco ... | 1985 | 3014470 |