Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| human gyrovirus-apoptin interferes with the cell cycle and induces g2/m arrest prior to apoptosis. | the human gyrovirus-apoptin (hgyv-apoptin) is a protein that gained attention because it is selectively cytotoxic toward cancer cells. in this study, we have investigated the effect of hgyv-apoptin on cell cycle progression of cancer cells. we also compared hgyv-apoptin's action to its homologue chicken anemia virus apoptin (cav-apoptin). we show that hgyv-apoptin induces g2/m arrest in cancer cells. this is at least in part due to the fact that hgyv-apoptin induces an abnormal spindle formation ... | 2017 | 28386695 |
| genomic characterization of recent chicken anemia virus isolates in china. | chicken anemia virus (cav) causes diseases in young chickens, which include increased pathogenicity of secondary infectious agents, generalized lymphoid depletion, and immunodepression. in the present study, we have identified 22 cav strains isolated from several commercial chicken farms in northern china during 2014-2015. in addition, two cavs were also isolated from stray mouse and dog feces, respectively. to our knowledge, this is the first report of identification of cav from mouse and dog f ... | 2017 | 28344576 |
| genetic analysis of two chicken infectious anemia virus variants-related gyrovirus in stray mice and dogs: the first report in china, 2015. | chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) causes acute viral infection in chickens worldwide. it can infect chickens of all ages, but the disease is seen only in young chickens and is characterized by hemorrhagic lesions in the muscles, atrophic changes in the lymphoid organs, aplastic bone marrow, and immunosuppression causing increased mortality. previous studies have demonstrated that ciav can be isolated from blood specimens of humans and fecal samples of stray cats. in the present study, two v ... | 2017 | 28326326 |
| c-terminal region of apoptin affects chicken anemia virus replication and virulence. | chicken anemia virus (cav) causes anemia and immune suppression, which are important diseases in the poultry industry. cav vp3, also referred as 'apoptin', has been shown to selectively kill tumor cells, raising great hopes for its utilization as an anticancer therapy. the ability of apoptin to induce apoptosis is closely related to its nuclear localization. the c-terminal region of apoptin contains a bipartite nuclear localization signals (nls), and a nuclear export signal (nes) is located betw ... | 2017 | 28222746 |
| revisiting the taxonomy of the family circoviridae: establishment of the genus cyclovirus and removal of the genus gyrovirus. | the family circoviridae contains viruses with covalently closed, circular, single-stranded dna (ssdna) genomes, including the smallest known autonomously replicating, capsid-encoding animal pathogens. members of this family are known to cause fatal diseases in birds and pigs and have been historically classified in one of two genera: circovirus, which contains avian and porcine pathogens, and gyrovirus, which includes a single species (chicken anemia virus). however, over the course of the past ... | 2017 | 28155197 |
| a truncated apoptin protein variant selectively kills cancer cells. | apoptin is a nonstructural protein encoded by one of the three open reading frames of the chicken anemia virus genome. it has attracted a great deal of interest due to its ability to induce apoptosis in multiple transformed and malignant mammalian cell lines without affecting primary and non-transformed cells. however, the use of apoptin as an anticancer drug is restricted by its strong tendency to aggregate. a number of methods to overcome this problem have been proposed, including transduction ... | 2017 | 28120180 |
| unexpected heat shock element binding ability and tumor-killing activity of the combinatorial function domain of apoptin. | apoptin, derived from the chicken anemia virus, has been found to exert tumor-preferential apoptotic activity. it is a potential anticancer agent with direct clinical applications. however, if this viral protein were to be used as a new drug, it might also induce a strong immune response, causing toxic side effects. in a previous study, our group showed that tat-apoptin downregulates the stress expression of heat shock protein 70 by competing with heat shock factor protein 1 in binding to the he ... | 2017 | 28045701 |
| genetically engineered and self-assembled oncolytic protein nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy. | the integration of a targeted delivery with a tumour-selective agent has been considered an ideal platform for achieving high therapeutic efficacy and negligible side effects in cancer therapy. here, we present engineered protein nanoparticles comprising a tumour-selective oncolytic protein and a targeting moiety as a new format for the targeted cancer therapy. apoptin from chicken anaemia virus (cav) was used as a tumour-selective apoptotic protein. an egfr-specific repebody, which is composed ... | 2017 | 28024232 |
| full-length infectious clone of an iranian isolate of chicken anemia virus. | an iranian field strain of chicken anemia virus (cav), designated ir cav, was isolated in the marek's disease virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line mdcc-msb1 (msb1) culture for the first time. the full-length cav dna of this strain was cloned in the bacterial plasmid ptz57r/t to create the molecular clone ptz-cav. the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of viral proteins of ir cav were compared with those of representative cav sequences including reference and commercial vaccine str ... | 2017 | 27933433 |
| molecular characterization of chicken anemia virus outbreaks in nagpur province, india from 2012 to 2015. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is one of the important poultry pathogen. cav infection can cause immunosuppression, aggravation of co-infections, vaccination failures and mortality. we are reporting the cav outbreaks from the nagpur province of india, between the years 2012-2015. the breeds included cockerel and black australorp of age varying from 29 to 50 days. the mortality rate observed among poultry was from 20% to 62.5%. clinical symptoms like anemia, subcutaneous hemorrhages, growth retardati ... | 2017 | 27899306 |
| a survey for selected avian viral pathogens in backyard chicken farms in finland. | backyard poultry are regaining popularity in europe and increased interest in the health and management of non-commercial farms has resulted. furthermore, commercial poultry farm owners have become concerned about the risk represented by contagious avian diseases that nearby backyard poultry could transmit. fifty-one voluntary backyard chicken farms were visited between october 2012 and january 2013. blood samples and individual cloacal swabs were collected from 457 chickens. in 44 farms (86%), ... | 2017 | 27624642 |
| viruses with circular single-stranded dna genomes are everywhere! | circular single-stranded dna viruses infect archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotic organisms. the relatively recent emergence of single-stranded dna viruses, such as chicken anemia virus (cav) and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2), as serious pathogens of eukaryotes is due more to growing awareness than to the appearance of new pathogens or alteration of existing pathogens. in the case of the ubiquitous human circular single-stranded dna virus family anelloviridae, there is still no convincing direct causa ... | 2017 | 28715975 |
| molecular characterization of pigeon torque teno virus (pttv) in jiangsu province. | the torque teno virus (ttv) is a recently discovered dna virus that has been detected in many different hosts, including humans, livestock and poultry. to date, there is no report of pigeon ttv (pttv) from anywhere in the world. to investigate the distribution of pttv in pigeons from the eastern chinese province of jiangsu and characterize their genomes, we employed pcr to detect pttv in 144 samples collected from 6 pigeon plants in jiangsu province, amplify complete genomes from representative ... | 2017 | 28527409 |
| therapeutic targeting of liver cancer with a recombinant dna vaccine containing the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of newcastle disease virus via apoptotic-dependent pathways. | a total of ~38.6 million mortalities occur due to liver cancer annually, worldwide. although a variety of therapeutic methods are available, the efficacy of treatment at present is extremely limited due to an increased risk of malignancy and inherently poor prognosis of liver cancer. gene therapy is considered a promising option, and has shown notable potential for the comprehensive therapy of liver cancer, in keeping with advances that have been made in the development of cancer molecular biolo ... | 2016 | 27900002 |
| isolation and pathogenic analysis of virulent marek's disease virus field strain in china. | marek's disease (md) has become increasingly common in china, resulting in considerable economic loss. the etiological agent is unclear. in this study, we isolated a field md virus (mdv) strain, designated sx1301, from cvi988/rispens-vaccinated chickens with tumors. co-infection of avian leukosis virus, reticuloendotheliosis virus, and chicken infectious anemia virus was excluded by polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, dna blotting hybridization, and indirect immunofluor ... | 2016 | 26976907 |
| molecular characterization of chicken infectious anemia virus from contaminated live-virus vaccines. | the aim of this study was to investigate possible causes of the pervasiveness of chicken infectious anemia virus ( ciav: ) infection in chickens in recent years in china. a total of 14 batches of live-virus vaccines were examined using pcr to detect ciav contamination, of which only 2 samples (a newcastle disease vaccine and a fowl pox vaccine) tested positive for ciav. these newcastle and fowl pox vaccines were then inoculated into 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. serum samples were c ... | 2016 | 27811322 |
| ptd4-apoptin induces bcl-2-insensitive apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. | worldwide, cervix carcinoma is among the most dangerous cancer types, and novel therapies are under development. cancer treatments are often hampered because of lack of specificity. the chicken anemia virus-derived apoptin induces apoptosis selectively in tumor cells and leaves normal cells unharmed. here, we have carried out in-vitro and in-vivo studies on the cytotoxic effect of apoptin in a cervix carcinoma model. apoptin was fused to the protein transduction domain 4 (ptd4), enabling deliver ... | 2016 | 27548349 |
| activation of the chicken anemia virus apoptin protein by chk1/2 phosphorylation is required for apoptotic activity and efficient viral replication. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is a single-stranded circular dna virus that carries 3 genes, the most studied of which is the gene encoding vp3, also known as apoptin. this protein has been demonstrated to specifically kill transformed cells while leaving normal cells unharmed in a manner that is independent of p53 status. although the mechanistic basis for this differential activity is unclear, it is evident that the subcellular localization of the protein is important for the difference. in normal ... | 2016 | 27512067 |
| first detection of chicken anemia virus and norovirus genogroup ii in stool of children with acute gastroenteritis in taiwan. | to date, there has been no report of co-infection of chicken anemia virus (cav) with enteric virus in patients with acute gastroenteritis (age). cav has been recently detected in various types of human samples including stool, indicating pathogenicity in gastrointestinal tract. examination by pcr-based methods of cav and norovivus genogroup ii (nv gii) in stool of 110 children with age at a hospital in taiwan revealed for the first time of co-infection in two cases. this is the first description ... | 2016 | 27405124 |
| [effect of low dose of chicken infectious anemia virus in attenuated vaccine on spf chicken body weight and vaccine immune antibody]. | in order to observe the effect of the immune and weight of chickens after use the attenuated vaccine with low dose of chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav). in this study, the effects of low dose of ciav on the weight of spf chickens and ndv antibody production were observed by simulated experiments. the results showed that 10 eid50 and 5 eid50 ciav per plume attenuated ndv vaccines were used to cause the weight loss of spf chickens. compared with the use of the non contaminated vaccine group, ... | 2016 | 27396163 |
| genomic analysis of the chicken infectious anemia virus in a specific pathogen-free chicken population in china. | the antibody to chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) was positive in a specific pathogen-free (spf) chicken population by elisa test in our previous inspection, indicating a possible infection with ciav. in this study, blood samples collected from the spf chickens were used to isolate ciav by inoculating into msb1 cells and pcr amplification. a ciav strain (sd1403) was isolated and successfully identified. three overlapping genomic fragments were obtained by pcr amplification and sequencing. t ... | 2016 | 27298822 |
| impact of virus load on immunocytological and histopathological parameters during clinical chicken anemia virus (cav) infection in poultry. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is one the important pathogen affecting commercial poultry sector globally by causing mortality, production losses, immunosuppression, aggravating co-infections and vaccination failures. here, we describe the effects of cav load on hematological, histopathological and immunocytochemical alterations in 1-day old infected chicks. the effects of cav on cytokine expression profiles and generation of virus specific antibody titer were also studied and compared with viral cl ... | 2016 | 27165537 |
| inhibitory effect of genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells with apoptin on hepatoma cells in vitro and in vivo. | hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is an aggressive tumor and has become one of the most frequent causes of cancer death in the world. the rate of post-operative recurrence and metastasis are still high even though after surgical resection. it is a difficult problem with extraordinary importance for the clinical treatment. so stem cell therapy becomes one of the anti-tumor biotherapy methods which is exploring. due to the feature of homing to tumor site and immunosuppressive, mesenchymal stem cells ... | 2016 | 27142531 |
| combined administration of the apoptin gene and poly (i:c) induces potent anti-tumor immune response and inhibits growth of mouse mammary tumors. | many viral proteins exhibit selective cytotoxicity for tumor cells without affecting the normal diploid cells. the apoptin protein of chicken infectious anemia virus is one of such proteins, which has been shown to kill tumor cells specifically. however, an effective cancer treatment strategy also requires assistance from the immune system. recently, poly (i:c) has been shown to be an effective cancer vaccine adjuvant. | 2016 | 27064544 |
| occurrence and phylogenetic studies of chicken anemia virus from polish broiler flocks. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is a widespread chicken pathogen of significant economic importance. in 2013, broiler chicken flocks in poland were examined for the presence of cav, and phylogenetic relatedness between the strains was established. ten cloacal swabs from each of 106 broiler flocks (birds aged 3-6 wk) were collected in different regions of the country and tested with the use of real-time pcr (all samples) and conventional pcr (those samples positive in real-time pcr) assays. the presen ... | 2016 | 26953947 |
| persistence of chicken anemia virus antigen and inclusions in spontaneous cases of marek's disease visceral lymphomas in broiler chickens at slaughterhouses. | the chicken anemia virus (cav) and marek's disease virus (mdv) infect chickens worldwide; a single or dual infection by these viruses has a great impact on poultry production. in the present study, we examined the existence of cav antigen and its inclusions in marek's disease (md) lymphomas in chickens in the slaughterhouses of iwate prefecture, japan. forty-nine spleens and 13 livers with different degrees of nodular lesions were histopathologically examined at our laboratory. grossly, the test ... | 2016 | 26888585 |
| serological and molecular detection of chicken anaemia virus in iranian poultry flocks. | despite chicken being the main natural host for chicken anaemia virus (cav), other birds may be infected by this virus too. in this study we examined chickens, turkeys, and quails for serological and molecular detection of cav in iran. for this study, we used 375 sera and thymus samples from broiler chickens, 100 sera and blood samples from turkeys, and 250 thymus samples from quails. the sample were collected from all over iran between 2009 and 2010. serum samples were examined using elisa. dna ... | 2015 | 26455374 |
| association of increased rate of condemnation of broiler carcasses due to hepatic abnormalities with immunosuppressive diseases in the broiler chicken industry in saskatchewan. | the objective of this study was to identify the causative agents of hepatitis observed in broiler chickens at processing. livers of chickens from 16 broiler farms in saskatchewan with gross lesions of hepatitis were collected at processing. in addition to routine bacterial isolation and histopathological examination, serologic studies for infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) and chicken anaemia virus (cav), calculation of the ratio of the weight of the bursa of fabricius (bf) to body weight (b ... | 2015 | 26424905 |
| development of a subunit vaccine containing recombinant chicken anemia virus vp1 and pigeon ifn-γ. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is a severe threat to the chicken industry and causes heavy economic losses worldwide. in this study, we evaluated the immune response and protective efficacy provided by a subunit vaccine containing recombinant vp1 (rvp1) and pigeon interferon-γ (rpiifn-γ). results indicated that rpiifn-γ enhanced humoral immunity elicited by rvp1 as early as 10 day after primary immunization and reach the high titer after secondary immunization. when compared to chickens immunized wi ... | 2015 | 26315776 |
| transcriptomic profiling of virus-host cell interactions following chicken anaemia virus (cav) infection in an in vivo model. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) is an economically important virus that targets lymphoid and erythroblastoid progenitor cells leading to immunosuppression. this study aimed to investigate the interplay between viral infection and the host's immune response to better understand the pathways that lead to cav-induced immunosuppression. to mimic vertical transmission of cav in the absence of maternally-derived antibody, day-old chicks were infected and their responses measured at various time-points pos ... | 2015 | 26244502 |
| evidence of apoptosis induced by viral protein 2 of chicken anaemia virus. | although viral protein 3 (vp3) of chicken anaemia virus (cav) has been well recognised as an inducer of apoptosis, viral protein 2 (vp2) of the virus has only been speculated to have apoptotic activity. this has not been verified because the open reading frame (orf) encoding vp2 completely encompasses that encoding vp3, and thus the possibility of expression of vp3 cannot be excluded. the aim of this study was to elucidate the potential role of vp2 as an inducer of apoptosis. site-directed mutag ... | 2015 | 26233670 |
| avian gyrovirus 2 dna in fowl from live poultry markets and in healthy humans, china. | 2015 | 26196944 | |
| t-cell reprogramming through targeted cd4-coreceptor and t-cell receptor expression on maturing thymocytes by latent circoviridae family member porcine circovirus type 2 cell infections in the thymus. | although porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-associated diseases have been evaluated for known immune evasion strategies, the pathogenicity of these viruses remained concealed for decades. surprisingly, the same viruses that cause panzootics in livestock are widespread in young, unaffected animals. recently, evidence has emerged that circovirus-like viruses are also linked to complex diseases in humans, including children. we detected pcv2 genome-carrying cells in fetal pig thymi. to elucidate viru ... | 2015 | 26038767 |
| development of a blocking latex agglutination test for the detection of antibodies to chicken anemia virus. | a blocking latex agglutination test (b-lat) developed in this study was evaluated for the detection of antibodies against chicken anemia virus (cav) in chickens. polystyrene latex beads were coupled with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mab) to cav (mab-beads). when mab-beads were mixed with antigens prepared from the lysate of mdcc-msb1 cells infected with cav, agglutination occurred. a short pre-incubation of cav antigens with cav-specific antiserum inhibited the agglutination of mab-beads. ... | 2015 | 25952731 |
| apoptin interacts with and regulates the activity of protein kinase c beta in cancer cells. | apoptin, the vp3 protein from chicken anaemia virus (cav), induces tumour cell-specific cell death and represents a potential future anti-cancer therapeutic. in tumour but not in normal cells, apoptin is phosphorylated and translocates to the nucleus, enabling its cytotoxic activity. recently, the β isozyme of protein kinase c (pkcβ) was shown to phosphorylate apoptin in multiple myeloma cell lines. however, the exact mechanism and nature of interaction between pkcβ and apoptin remain unclear. h ... | 2015 | 25828882 |
| apoptin as a potential viral gene oncotherapeutic agent. | the use of viruses for treatment of cancer overcomes the bottlenecks of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. several viruses and their proteins have been evaluated for oncolytic effect. the vp3 protein (apoptin) of chicken anemia virus is one such protein with an inherent ability to lyse cancer and transformed cells while leaving normal cells unharmed. in the present study, the apoptosis inducing potential of vp3 protein of cav was evaluated in human cervical cancer cell line (hela). it was found that ... | 2015 | 25809990 |
| assessing the efficacy of an inactivated chicken anemia virus vaccine. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is an immunosuppressive virus that causes chicken infectious anemia (cia) which is a highly contagious avian disease. cav causes major economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. the current cav vaccine is a live attenuated strain administered in the drinking water that risks horizontal infection of other chickens. the purpose of this study was to develop a novel vaccine against cav that can be administered safely using a highly pathogenic isolate inactivated wi ... | 2015 | 25758933 |
| application of cross-priming amplification (cpa) for detection of fowl adenovirus (fadv) strains. | fowl adenoviruses (fadvs) are widely distributed among chickens. detection of fadvs is mainly accomplished by virus isolation, serological assays, various polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp). to increase the diagnostic capacity of currently applied techniques, cross-priming amplification (cpa) for the detection of the fadv hexon gene was developed. the single cpa assay was optimised to detect all serotypes 1-8a-8b-11 representing the species ... | 2015 | 25655263 |
| characterization of mabs to chicken anemia virus and epitope mapping on its viral protein, vp1. | three (mocav/f2, mocav/f8 and mocav/f11) of four mouse mabs established against the a2/76 strain of chicken anemia virus (cav) showed neutralization activity. immunoprecipitation showed a band at ~50 kda in a2/76-infected cell lysates by neutralizing mabs, corresponding to the 50 kda capsid protein (vp1) of cav, and the mabs reacted with recombinant vp1 proteins expressed in cos7 cells. mocav/f2 and mocav/f8 neutralized the 14 cav strains tested, whereas mocav/f11 did not neutralize five of the ... | 2015 | 25568186 |
| enhanced tumour cell nuclear targeting in a tumour progression model. | there is an urgent need for new approaches to deliver bioactive molecules to cancer cells efficiently and specifically. | 2015 | 25885577 |
| transformed cell-specific induction of apoptosis by porcine circovirus type 1 viral protein 3. | several members of the family circoviridae have been shown to encode proteins with apoptotic activity. for example, both porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and chicken anemia virus (cav) encode a third viral protein (vp3) that has been shown to be cytotoxic. interestingly, in the case of the cav protein (designated apoptin), apoptosis is specific to transformed cell types. similarities in genome structure and organization suggest that pcv type 1 (pcv1) may also contain a third orf, which codes for ... | 2015 | 25381055 |
| epidemiology and genetic characteristics of pigeon circovirus (picv) in eastern china. | pigeon circovirus (picv) is one of four viruses in the family circoviridae that affect young pigeons around the world. we collected 158 serum or tissue samples from six poultry farms in eastern china to investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of picv in chinese pigeons. we tested for picv using a pcr assay and found that picv was present in 80.7 % (88/109) of diseased pigeons and 63.3 % (31/49) of healthy pigeons; overall, 75.3 % (119/158) of samples were picv positive. one picv-p ... | 2015 | 25348272 |
| molecular characterization of chicken anemia virus circulating in chicken flocks in egypt. | introduction. although many previous studies reported detection of chicken anemia virus (cav) in egypt since 1990, genomic characterization of this circulating cav has not been published. in the present study, four nucleotide sequences of detected cav were genetically characterized. methods. these nucleotide sequences were obtained from commercial chicken flocks in two different locations of egypt during 2010. the target region for sequencing was 675 bp nucleotide of partial coding region of vp1 ... | 2014 | 25302064 |
| comparative histopathological and immunological study of two field strains of chicken anemia virus. | infection of poultry with chicken anemia virus (cav) is implicated in several field problems in broiler flocks due to the immunosuppression generated and, consequently, the increased susceptibility to secondary infections. recently, we have reported an increased occurrence of clinical cases caused by cav strains distantly related to those commonly used for vaccination. in order to understand the behavior of two argentinean cav strains (cav-10 and cav-18) in two-week-old chickens, an immune and h ... | 2014 | 25294222 |
| human-gyrovirus-apoptin triggers mitochondrial death pathway--nur77 is required for apoptosis triggering. | the human gyrovirus derived protein apoptin (hgv-apoptin) a homologue of the chicken anemia virus apoptin (cav-apoptin), a protein with high cancer cells selective toxicity, triggers apoptosis selectively in cancer cells. in this paper, we show that hgv-apoptin acts independently from the death receptor pathway as it induces apoptosis in similar rates in jurkat cells deficient in either fadd (fas-associated death domain) function or caspase-8 (key players of the extrinsic pathway) and their pare ... | 2014 | 25246270 |
| what is for dinner? viral metagenomics of us store bought beef, pork, and chicken. | we describe here the metagenomics-derived viral sequences detected in beef, pork, and chicken purchased from stores in san francisco. in beef we detected four previously reported viruses (two parvoviruses belonging to different genera, an anellovirus, and one circovirus-like virus) and one novel bovine polyomavirus species (bpyv2-sf) whose closest relatives infect primates. detection of porcine hokovirus in beef indicated that this parvovirus can infect both ungulate species. in pork we detected ... | 2014 | 25217712 |
| apoptins: selective anticancer agents. | therapies that selectively target cancer cells for death have been the center of intense research recently. one potential therapy may involve apoptin proteins, which are able to induce apoptosis in cancer cells leaving normal cells unharmed. apoptin was originally discovered in the chicken anemia virus (cav); however, human gyroviruses (hgyv) have recently been found that also harbor apoptin-like proteins. although the cancer cell specific activity of these apoptins appears to be well conserved, ... | 2014 | 25164066 |
| apoptin towards safe and efficient anticancer therapies. | the chicken anemia virus derived protein apoptin harbors cancer-selective cell killing characteristics, essentially based on phosphorylation-mediated nuclear transfer in cancer cells and efficient cytoplasmic degradation in normal cells. here, we describe a growing set of preclinical experiments underlying the promises of the anti-cancer potential of apoptin. various non-replicative oncolytic viral vector systems have revealed the safety and efficacy of apoptin. in addition, apoptin enhanced the ... | 2014 | 25001531 |
| novel gyroviruses, including chicken anaemia virus, in clinical and chicken samples from south africa. | introduction. chicken anaemia virus, cav, was until recently the only member of the gyrovirus genus. 6 novel gyroviruses, agv2, hgyv1, and gyv3-6, have since been discovered in human and chicken samples. methods. pcr amplification of the vp2 gene was used to detect agv2/hgyv1, gyv3, and cav in a range of clinical samples including stool, respiratory, csf, and hiv-positive plasma. screening of fresh local chicken meat was also performed. results. agv2/hgyv1 or gyv3 was detected in stools from hea ... | 2014 | 24876841 |
| identification of a chicken anemia virus variant-related gyrovirus in stray cats in china, 2012. | the chicken anemia virus (cav), is a known member of the genus gyrovirus and was first isolated from chickens in japan in 1979. some reports have also demonstrated that cav can be identified in human stool specimens. in this study, a variant of cav was detected using pcr with cav-based primers in fecal samples of stray cats. the genome of cav variant was sequenced and the results suggest that it could be a recombinant viral strain from parental cav strains jq690762 and af311900. recombination is ... | 2014 | 24689034 |
| potentiation of apoptin-induced apoptosis by cecropin b-like antibacterial peptide abps1 in human hela cervical cancer cell lines is associated with membrane pore formation and caspase-3 activation. | apoptin, a chicken anemia virus-encoded protein, induces apoptosis in chicken or human tumor cells, localizing in their nuclei as opposed to the cytoplasm of non-transformed cells. the present study was undertaken to investigate whether abps1 could potentiate apoptininduced apoptosis in hela cells. abps1 and the apoptin genes were successfully cloned into pires2-egfp expression vector and expressed in hela cells. we report that abps1 augments apoptin cell growth inhibition in a concentration- an ... | 2014 | 24633228 |
| full-genome sequence of chicken anemia virus strain gxc060821, isolated from a guangxi sanhuang chicken. | we report here the complete genomic sequence of a novel chicken anemia virus strain gxc060821, isolated from a sanhuang chicken in guangxi province of southern china. the complete genome of gxc060821 was sequenced. the full-length of gxc060821 is 2,292 bp and contains three overlapping open reading frames (orfs). a comparison of the complete sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences of gxc060821 with 31 other published chicken anemia virus sequences showed that the homologies of the nucleot ... | 2014 | 24558234 |
| flock prevalence of exposure to avian adeno-associated virus, chicken anemia virus, fowl adenovirus, and infectious bursal disease virus among ontario broiler chicken flocks. | samples from 231 randomly selected commercial broiler chicken flocks in ontario were tested at slaughter for exposure to chicken anemia virus (cav), fowl adenovirus (fadv), and infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). fifteen blood samples per flock were collected and analyzed for the presence of antibodies against cav, fadv, and ibdv by elisa or agar gel immunodiffusion test. fifteen cecal tonsils and cloacal swabs per flock were analyzed for the presence of cav, fadv, and ibdv by pcr. the preva ... | 2014 | 24758116 |
| simultaneous typing of nine avian respiratory pathogens using a novel gexp analyzer-based multiplex pcr assay. | a new, rapid, and high-throughput genomelab gene expression profiler (gexp) analyzer-based multiplex pcr method was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of nine avian respiratory pathogens. the respiratory pathogens included in this study were avian influenza subtypes h5, h7, and h9, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), mycoplasma synoviae (ms) and haemophilus paragallinarum ... | 2014 | 25025815 |
| experimental pathological studies of an indian chicken anaemia virus isolate and its detection by pcr and fat. | chicken infectious anaemia virus (ciav) is one of the potent immunosuppressive and economically important agents affecting poultry industry worldwide. recent reports indicate the emergence of this virus in the poultry flocks of the country. the present study aimed to investigate the pathogenic potential of a recent isolate of ciav obtained from poultry flock of uttaranchal state, india. twenty first day-old age specific pathogen free (spf) chicks were inoculated intramuscularly with 10(4.5) medi ... | 2014 | 26035953 |
| chicken anemia virus and avian gyrovirus 2 as contaminants in poultry vaccines. | this study focuses on the detection of chicken anemia virus (cav) and avian gyrovirus 2 (agv2) genomes in commercially available poultry vaccines. a duplex quantitative real-time pcr (dqpcr), capable of identifying genomes of both viruses in a single assay, was employed to determine the viral loads of these agents in commercially available vaccines. thirty five vaccines from eight manufacturers (32 prepared with live and 3 with inactivated microorganisms) were examined. genomes of cav were detec ... | 2014 | 25439092 |
| [apoptin enhances the oncolytic activity of vaccinia virus]. | chicken anemia virus gene encoding apoptin, a selective killer of cancer cells was synthesized and inserted into vaccinia virus (strain l-ivp) genome. the insertion has replaced major part of the viral c11r gene encoding viral growth factor (vgf), which is important for the virulence. the recombinant virus vvdgf-apos24/2 was obtained through the transient dominant selection technique with the use of puromycin resistance gene as the selective marker. the expression apoptin gene from a synthetic e ... | 2014 | 25509357 |
| decay of maternal antibodies in broiler chickens. | the objective of this study was to determine the decay rate of maternal antibodies against major broiler chicken pathogens. a total of 30 one-day-old broiler chicks were obtained from a commercial hatchery and reared in isolation. these chicks were retrieved from a parent flock that received a routine vaccination program. chicks were bled at hatch and sequentially thereafter every 5 d through 30 d of age. maternal antibody titers were measured by elisa for avian encephalomyelitis (aev), avian in ... | 2013 | 23960115 |
| interactions of plasmodium juxtanucleare and chicken anaemia virus: establishing a model. | the pathogens plasmodium juxtanucleare and chicken anaemia virus (cav) are easily transmitted and potentially harmful to chickens. in this study, we established an experimental model to investigate the effects of avian malaria caused by p. juxtanucleare in white leghorn specific-pathogen-free (spf) chicks previously immunosuppressed with cav. parasitaemia, haematological variables and clinical and pathological parameters were determined in four different experimental groups: chicks coinfected by ... | 2013 | 23953391 |
| expression and characterization of highly antigenic domains of chicken anemia virus viral vp2 and vp3 subunit proteins in a recombinant e. coli for sero-diagnostic applications. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is an important viral pathogen that causes anemia and severe immunodeficiency syndrome in chickens worldwide. generally, cav infection occurs via vertical transmission in young chicks that are less than two weeks old, which are very susceptible to the disease. therefore, epidemiological investigations of cav infection and/or the evaluation of the immunization status of chickens is necessary for disease control. up to the present, systematically assessing viral protein ... | 2013 | 23937712 |
| the efficacy of combination therapy using adeno-associated virus-mediated co-expression of apoptin and interleukin-24 on hepatocellular carcinoma. | multigene-based combination therapy is an effective practice in cancer gene therapy. apoptin is a chicken anemia virus-derived, p53-independent, bcl-2-insensitive apoptotic protein with the ability to specifically induce apoptosis in various human tumor cells. interleukin-24 (il-24) displays ubiquitous antitumor property and tumor-specific killing activity. adeno-associated virus (aav) is a promising gene delivery vehicle due to its advantage of low pathogenicity and long-term gene expression. i ... | 2013 | 23907578 |
| quantitation of marek's disease and chicken anemia viruses in organs of experimentally infected chickens and commercial chickens by multiplex real-time pcr. | the worldwide distribution of chicken anemia virus (cav) and marek's disease virus (mdv) is well documented. in addition to their economic significance in single- or dual-virus infections, the two viruses can often accompany various other pathogens and affect poultry health either directly, by causing tumors, anemia, and delayed growth, or indirectly, by aggravating other diseases, as a result of their immunosuppressive effects. after a decade of employing the molecular diagnosis of those viruse ... | 2013 | 23901772 |
| human gyrovirus in healthy blood donors, france. | 2013 | 23735883 | |
| the chicken th1 response: potential therapeutic applications of chifn-γ. | the outcomes of viral infections are costly in terms of human and animal health and welfare worldwide. the observed increase in the virulence of some viruses and failure of many vaccines to stop these infections has lead to the apparent need to develop new anti-viral strategies. one approach to dealing with viral infection may be to employ the therapeutic administration of recombinant cytokines to act as 'immune boosters' to assist in augmenting the host response to virus. with this in mind, a g ... | 2013 | 23707786 |
| molecular characterization of contaminating infectious anemia virus of chickens in live commercial vaccines produced in the 1990s. | the presence of infectious chicken anemia virus (cav) was detected in a previous study by nested-pcr as a contaminant in seven commercial vaccines, produced in the 1990s by three different manufacturers, prepared against the most relevant virus etiologies. in order to phylogenetically characterize the genome and compare it to cav isolates from brazil and other parts of the world, sequences of approximately 675 bp of the gene encoding the hypervariable region of vp1 protein of three cav vaccine c ... | 2013 | 23678724 |
| the role of cdk1 in apoptin-induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. | apoptin, a small protein derived from the chicken anemia virus, specifically induces apoptosis in transformed cells or tumor cells but not in normal cells. thus, apoptin is involved in a general, tumor-specific pathway. apoptin-induced apoptosis presumably requires additional interaction partners that activate specific signaling pathways in cancer cells. a number of molecules interact with apoptin and play an important role in the nuclear localization of apoptin or its tumor-selective cytotoxici ... | 2013 | 23619525 |
| hspa9 overexpression inhibits apoptin-induced apoptosis in the hepg2 cell line. | apoptin, a small protein derived from chicken anemia virus, possesses the capacity to specifically kill tumor cells while leaving normal cells intact. previous studies have indicated that the subcellular localization of apoptin appears to be crucial for this tumor-selective activity. apoptin resides in the cytoplasm of normal cells; however, in cancer cells it translocates into the nucleus. in the present study, purified prokaryotic native his-apoptin served as a bait for capturing apoptin-assoc ... | 2013 | 23589050 |
| molecular characterization of the chicken anaemia viruses isolated from broiler farms of west azerbaijan, iran. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) is an economically important pathogen of chickens with worldwide distribution. cav is the causative agent of chicken anaemia disease, causing severe anaemia, lymphoid atrophy and immunosuppression in young birds. in the present study, the genetic variation of circulating cavs in west azerbaijan broiler farms was investigated and compared with cavs from other countries. extracted viral dna from livers of chickens positive for cav (46 out of 100) was used and a fragment ... | 2013 | 23581437 |
| apoptin induces apoptosis in nude mice allograft model of human bladder cancer by altering multiple bladder tumor-associated gene expression profiles. | bladder cancer (bc) is one of the most common human malignancies that account for major death in the world. apoptin that is derived from chicken anemia virus (cav) has displayed tumor-specific cytotoxic activity in a variety of human carcinomas. however, the magical function of apoptin in bladder carcinoma cell lines has not been identified yet. in our study, we delivered apoptin into bladder-originating t24, ej, and hcv29 cell lines by adenovirus system. the selective cytotoxic effect of apopti ... | 2013 | 23430583 |
| mitotic catastrophe triggered in human cancer cells by the viral protein apoptin. | mitotic catastrophe is an oncosuppressive mechanism that senses mitotic failure leading to cell death or senescence. as such, it protects against aneuploidy and genetic instability, and its induction in cancer cells by exogenous agents is currently seen as a promising therapeutic end point. apoptin, a small protein from chicken anemia virus (cav), is known for its ability to selectively induce cell death in human tumor cells. here, we show that apoptin triggers p53-independent abnormal spindle f ... | 2013 | 23392175 |
| development of a chick bioassay for determination of infectivity of viral pathogens in poultry litter. | to develop a chicken bioassay to detect infective viral pathogens in poultry litter and to determine the effects of type of chicken and age of exposure, as well as the effect of simulated litter transportation, on the level of viral infectivity detected. | 2013 | 23356376 |
| potent growth-inhibitory effect of a dual cancer-specific oncolytic adenovirus expressing apoptin on prostate carcinoma. | apoptin is a chicken anemia virus-derived, p53-independent, bcl-2-insensitive apoptotic protein with the ability to specifically induce apoptosis in various human tumor cells, but not in normal cells. to explore the use of apoptin in tumor gene therapy, we assessed a recombinant adenovirus expressing the apoptin protein (ad-htertp-e1a-apoptin) in order to determine its lethal and growth-inhibitory effects on pc-3 and rm-1 cells in vitro and its antitumor effect on solid tumors in vivo. 3-[4,5-di ... | 2013 | 23338489 |
| detection of torque teno virus (ttv) in domestic village chickens in iran. | torque teno virus (ttv) is prevalent worldwide and has been extensively studied in human and some wild and domestic animals. as the studies on ttv in chickens was rare and there was no information about the infection of domestic village chickens with ttv and also structural resemblance of this virus to chicken anemia virus, the frequency of the infection in domestic village chickens in different villages in isfahan (iran) was investigated. sera were collected from 50 chickens. viral dna was extr ... | 2013 | 25593687 |
| apoptin selectively induces the apoptosis of tumor cells by suppressing the transcription of hsp70. | apoptin is a nonstructural viral protein encoded by vp3 gene of chicken anemia virus, which could specially induce apoptosis of tumor cells. however, the mechanism of apoptin-induced apoptosis in tumor cells without any side effects in normal cells has not yet been well characterized. this study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the selective antitumor effects of apoptin. hepg2 cells were treated with apoptin or transfected with apoptin expression vector. heat shock protein ... | 2013 | 23179398 |
| detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus by real-time pcr in naturally and experimentally infected chickens. | infectious laryngotracheitis (ilt) is an acute, highly contagious upper-respiratory infectious disease of chickens. in this study, a real-time pcr method was developed for fast and accurate detection and quantitation of iltv dna of chickens experimentally infected with iltv strain ljs09 and naturally infected chickens. the detection lower limit of the assay was 10 copies of dna. there were no cross reactions with the dna and rna of infectious bursal disease virus, chicken anemia virus, reticuloe ... | 2013 | 23840745 |
| phylogenetic and molecular characterization of chicken anemia virus in southern china from 2011 to 2012. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is an important pathogen that causes severe immunosuppression in young chickens. we have characterized 13 cavs isolated from different commercial farms in southern china between 2011 and 2012. we discovered 92 variable residues compared to 37 other cav complete genome sequences from other parts of the world listed in genbank; these residues have not been previously observed. all of the chinese cav genomes that were characterized in this study had a glutamine at positio ... | 2013 | 24343380 |
| λ phage nanobioparticle expressing apoptin efficiently suppress human breast carcinoma tumor growth in vivo. | using phages is a novel field of cancer therapy and phage nanobioparticles (nbps) such as λ phage could be modified to deliver and express genetic cassettes into eukaryotic cells safely in contrast with animal viruses. apoptin, a protein from chicken anemia virus (cav) has the ability to specifically induce apoptosis only in carcinoma cells. we presented a safe method of breast tumor therapy via the apoptin expressing λ nbps. here, we constructed a λ zap-cmv-apoptin recombinant nbp and investiga ... | 2013 | 24278212 |
| selective apoptosis induction in mcf-7 cell line by truncated minimal functional region of apoptin. | chicken anemia virus (cav) vp3 protein (also known as apoptin), a basic and proline-rich protein has a unique capability in inducing apoptosis in cancer cells but not in normal cells. five truncated apoptin proteins were analyzed to determine their selective ability to migrate into the nucleus of human breast adenocarcinoma mcf-7 cells for inducing apoptosis. | 2013 | 24144306 |
| divergent gyroviruses in the feces of tunisian children. | the gyrovirus genus consists of the immunosuppressive chicken anemia virus (cav) prototype and since 2011 three other viral species found in sera/tissues of chickens, human feces, and on human skin. here the genomes of two other gyrovirus species were characterized in diarrhea samples from tunisian children whose main orfs shared amino acid identity of 46-59% with those of the previously characterized gyroviruses and were provisionally named gyv5 and gyv6. all currently known gyroviruses grouped ... | 2013 | 24074598 |
| phylogenetic analysis and genetic characterization of chicken anemia virus isolates from cambodia. | three chicken anemia viruses (cav) were detected by pcr during screening of field samples from village chickens collected in cambodia in 2011/2012. nearly full-length vp1 viral structural protein genes (nt 1-1,293) from the 3 cav were sequenced and characterized. phylogenetic analysis revealed that all 3 of the cambodian cav were clustered with cav strains belonging to genotype ii and were most closely related to cav strains from guangdong province, china. on the amino acid level, major substitu ... | 2013 | 24046415 |
| molecularly modified vp3 (30-121) induces apoptosis in human bladder cancer (ej) cells but not in normal (3t3) cells. | the chicken anaemia virus protein 3 (vp3 or apoptin) induces apoptosis specifically in tumour and transformed cells but not in normal cells. this selective apoptosis is ideal for therapeutic purposes. however, vp3, a heterologous protein, is immunogenic in vivo. such a drawback limits its clinical usage. to diminish its potential immunogenicity, we modified the sequence of vp3. the vp3 genes functional sequence starts at 33 aa (amino acids) from the n-terminal side, and the first protein structu ... | 2012 | 23075302 |
| apoptin induces apoptosis by changing the equilibrium between the stability of tap73 and δnp73 isoforms through ubiquitin ligase pir2. | apoptin, a protein derived from the chicken anaemia virus, induces cell death in various cancer cells but shows little or no cytotoxicity in normal cells. the mechanism of apoptin-induced cell death is currently unknown but it appears to induce apoptosis independent of p53 status. here we show that p73, a p53 family member, is important in apoptin-induced apoptosis. in p53 deficient and/or mutated cells, apoptin induced the expression of tap73 leading to the induction of apoptosis. knockdown of ... | 2012 | 22484480 |
| epidemiological investigation of outbreaks of fowl adenovirus infection in commercial chickens in korea. | in total, 39 clinical cases of fowl adenoviruses (fadv) infection in chickens (28 broiler, 7 native, and 4 layer chickens) between 2007 and 2010 in korea were investigated. the fadv types 4, 8b, and 11 comprised 18, 9, and 12 clinical cases, respectively. all fadv type 4 cases showed clinical hydropericardium (hps) lesions as well as inclusion body hepatitis (ibh), whereas all fadv types 8b and 11 cases exhibited ibh lesions without hps. all 3 types were detected in broiler (9-30 d old) and laye ... | 2012 | 22991534 |
| complete genome sequence analysis of a recent chicken anemia virus isolate and comparison with a chicken anemia virus isolate from human fecal samples in china. | a new isolate of chicken anemia virus (cav) was designated gd-1-12. gd-1-12 was isolated from a 12-day-old commercial broiler in guangdong province, china, in 2012. the gd-1-12 cav caused high mortality, severe anemia, thymic atrophy, and subcutaneous hemorrhage in commercial broilers. here, we report the complete genome sequence of gd-1-12 cav and comparison with the complete genome sequence of another cav that was isolated from human fecal samples in china (genbank accession no. jq690762). the ... | 2012 | 22966189 |
| epidemiology of chicken anemia virus in central african republic and cameroon. | although chicken anemia virus (cav) has been detected on all continents, little is known about this virus in sub-saharan africa. this study aimed to detect and characterize cav for the first time in central african republic and in cameroon. | 2012 | 22958546 |
| effects of chicken anaemia virus and infectious bursal disease virus-induced immunodeficiency on infectious bronchitis virus replication and genotypic drift. | we followed changes in a portion of the s1 gene sequence of the dominant populations of an infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) arkansas (ark) vaccine strain during serial passage in chickens infected with the immunosuppressive chicken anaemia virus (cav) and/or infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) as well as in immunocompetent chickens. the ibv-ark vaccine was applied ocularly and tears were collected from infected chickens for subsequent ocular inoculation in later passages. the experiment was ... | 2012 | 22897690 |
| characterization of a novel gyrovirus in human stool and chicken meat. | sequence-independent amplification of clinical specimens can lead to the identification of novel pathogens. | 2012 | 22824231 |
| systemic delivery of lentivirus-mediated secretable tat-apoptin eradicates hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. | apoptin, a chicken anemia virus-derived protein, has been shown to induce apoptosis in various human cancer cell lines, but not in normal cells, thus making it a candidate for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. to enable the efficient transduction of tumor cells with apoptin, we have developed a novel mammalian expression system for the secretion of apoptin in vitro. we have previously shown the efficient and tumor-specific killing of cells by adding a secretory signal peptide (sp) ... | 2012 | 22767069 |
| in vitro propagation of chicken anemia virus in chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | chicken anemia virus; propagation; mononuclear cells; pcr. | 2012 | 22720709 |
| persistence of inclusions and antigens of chicken anemia virus in marek's disease lymphoma. | the pathogenesis of the co-infection of cav to mdv is complicated. in order to investigate the impact of cav on the transformation phase of md, mdv and, subsequently, cav, were inoculated at 1day and 4weeks of age, respectively. chickens were divided into six groups; vvmdv, vvmdv-cav, vmdv, vmdv-cav, cav and a control group. the cav inclusions and antigens were continuously detected in md lymphomas in the vmdv-cav and vvmdv-cav groups in large bizarre-shape (presumably cd4+ t cells) and small md ... | 2012 | 22683388 |
| efficient production of an engineered apoptin from chicken anemia virus in a recombinant e. coli for tumor therapeutic applications. | apoptin, a nonstructural protein encoded by the vp3 gene of chicken anemia virus (cav), has been shown to not only induce apoptosis when introduced into the precursors of chicken thymocytes, but has been found to specifically kill human cancer cells, tumor cell and transformed cells without affecting the proliferation of normal cells. this tumor-specific apoptotic characteristic of the protein potentially may allow the development of a protein drug that has applications in tumor therapy. however ... | 2012 | 22672291 |
| evaluation of the analytical sensitivity of a polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of chicken infectious anemia virus in avian vaccines. | chicken infectious anemia virus (cav) is a ubiquitous pathogen of chickens causing significant disease in commercial flocks worldwide. during cav outbreaks, the center for veterinary biologics requires manufacturers of veterinary biologicals to test materials derived from infected flocks for extraneous cav by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the analytical sensitivity of a pcr assay for detection of cav was determined and the applicability of a cav dna standard as a positive control for assay va ... | 2012 | 22595681 |
| human gyrovirus apoptin shows a similar subcellular distribution pattern and apoptosis induction as the chicken anaemia virus derived vp3/apoptin. | the chicken anaemia virus-derived protein apoptin/vp3 (cav-apoptin) has the important ability to induce tumour-selective apoptosis in a variety of human cancer cells. recently the first human gyrovirus (hgyv) was isolated from a human skin swab. it shows significant structural and organisational resemblance to cav and encodes a homologue of cav-apoptin/vp3. using overlapping primers we constructed a synthetic human gyrovirus apoptin (hgyv-apoptin) fused to green fluorescent protein in order to c ... | 2012 | 22495351 |
| development and characterization of a potential diagnostic monoclonal antibody against capsid protein vp1 of the chicken anemia virus. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is an important viral pathogen that causes anemia and severe immunodeficiency syndrome in chickens worldwide. in this study, a potential diagnostic monoclonal antibody against the cav vp1 protein was developed which can precisely recognize the cav antigen for diagnostic and virus recovery purposes. the vp1 gene of cav encoding the n-terminus-deleted vp1 protein, vp1nd129, was cloned into an escherichia (e.) coli expression vector. after isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyronos ... | 2012 | 22437539 |
| a third gyrovirus species in human faeces. | until 2011 the genus gyrovirus in the family circoviridae consisted of a single virus (chicken anemia virus or cav) causing a common immunosuppressive disease in chickens when a second gyrovirus (hgyv) was reported on the skin of 4 % of healthy humans. hgyv is very closely related to a recently described chicken gyrovirus, agv2, suggesting that they belong to the same viral species. during a viral metagenomic analysis of 100 human faeces from children with diarrhoea in chile we identified multip ... | 2012 | 22422066 |
| identification of the nls and nes motifs of vp2 from chicken anemia virus and the interaction of vp2 with mini-chromosome maintenance protein 3. | vp2 of chicken anemia virus (cav) is a dual-specificity phosphatase required for virus infection, assembly and replication. the functions of the nuclear localization signal (nls) and nuclear export signal (nes) of vp2 in the cell, however, are poorly understood. our study identified the presence of a nls in vp2 and showed that the protein interacted significantly with mini-chromosome maintenance protein 3 (mcm3) in the cell. | 2012 | 22309683 |
| pathological and immunohistochemical studies of subclinical infection of chicken anemia virus in 4-week-old chickens. | subclinical infection of chicken anemia virus (cav) at 4 to 6 weeks of age, after maternal antibodies have waned, is implicated in several field problems in broiler flocks. in order to understand the pathogenesis of subclinical infection with cav, an immunopathological study of cav-inoculated 4-week-old spf chickens was performed. sixty 4-week-old spf chickens were equally divided into cav and control groups. the cav group was inoculated intramuscularly with the msb1-tk5803 strain of cav. neithe ... | 2012 | 22293470 |
| an optimized polymerase chain reaction assay to identify avian virus vaccine contamination with chicken anemia virus. | the use of embryonating chicken eggs in preparation of avian virus vaccines is the principle cause for contamination with chicken anemia virus (cav). identification of cav in contaminated vaccines relies on the expensive, tedious, and time-consuming practice of virus isolation in lymphoblastoid cell lines. the experience of the last 2 decades indicates that polymerase chain reaction is extending to replace most of the classic methods for detection of infectious agents. in the present report, a s ... | 2011 | 21217025 |
| mortality of one-week-old chickens during naturally occurring marek's disease virus infection. | marek's disease (md) is a disease of chickens that occurs worldwide and has serious economic consequences. md can present as one of several forms, with the most commonly occurring forms being the lymphoproliferative diseases. under experimental conditions, an early mortality syndrome has been recognized following infection by some but not all strains of md virus (mdv). this is the first report of a confirmed case of mortality due to naturally occurring mdv infection in 1-week-old, nonvaccinated, ... | 2011 | 21239693 |
| production and diagnostic application of a purified, e. coli-expressed, serological-specific chicken anaemia virus antigen vp3. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the production of chicken anaemia virus vp3 protein in different escherichia coli strains and to address the diagnostic application of purified e. coli-expressed vp3 protein for the detection of chicken anaemia virus (cav) infection and the development of an elisa kit. three e. coli strains, bl21, bl21 codonplus rp and bl21 plyss, each harbouring a vp3 protein expressing plasmid, were investigated after induction to produce recombinant vp3 protein. after iso ... | 2011 | 21276209 |