Publications

Comparison of in vivo bioluminescence imaging and lavage biomarkers to assess pulmonary inflammation.	Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin triggers innate immunity via TLR-4 and NF-kB signal activation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of transgenic mice expressing luciferase as a marker of NF-kB activation for exploring innate immune responses to pulmonary endotoxin exposure over time thus obviating the need for serial necropsies. Transgenic rNF-kB-Luc BALB/c mice were exposed to two different types of endotoxin (Neisseria meningitidis lipooligosaccharide, and Escherichia coli lipopol ...	2012	22133556
contribution of siderophore systems to growth and urinary tract colonization of asymptomatic bacteriuria escherichia coli.	the molecular mechanisms that define asymptomatic bacteriuria (abu) escherichia coli colonization of the human urinary tract remain to be properly elucidated. here, we utilize abu e. coli strain 83972 as a model to dissect the contribution of siderophores to iron acquisition, growth, fitness, and colonization of the urinary tract. we show that e. coli 83972 produces enterobactin, salmochelin, aerobactin, and yersiniabactin and examine the role of these systems using mutants defective in sideroph ...	2012	21930757
Large-scale preparation and characterization of non-pegylated and pegylated superactive ovine leptin antagonist.	Superactive ovine leptin antagonist (SOLA) was prepared by rational mutagenesis of the ovine leptin antagonist L39A/D40A/F41A mutant prepared previously in our lab by mutating wild type leptin to D23L/L39A/D40A/F41A. SOLA was expressed in Escherichia coli as insoluble inclusion bodies, refolded and purified to homogeneity (as evidenced by SDS-PAGE and analytical gel filtration) by ion-exchange chromatography. The purified protein was mono-pegylated at its N terminus by 20-kDa linear pegylation r ...	2012	22040607
interaction of endothelial progenitor cells expressing cytosine deaminase in tumor tissues and 5-fluorocytosine administration suppresses growth of 5-fluorouracil-sensitive liver cancer in mice.	the drug delivery system to tumors is a critical factor in upregulating the effect of anticancer drugs and reducing adverse events. recent studies indicated selective migration of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (epc) into tumor tissues. cytosine deaminase (cd) transforms nontoxic 5-fluorocytosine (5-fc) into the highly toxic 5-fluorouracil (5-fu). we investigated the antitumor effect of a new cd/5-fc system with cd cdna transfected epc for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) in mice ...	2011	22151662
Identification of Immunogenic and Virulence associated Campylobacter jejuni Proteins.	With the aim of identifying proteins important for host interaction and virulence, we have screened an expression library of NCTC 11168 C. jejuni genes for highly immunogenic proteins. A commercial C. jejuni ORF library consisting of more than 1600 genes was transformed into the E. coli expression strain BL21 (DE3) resulting in 2304 clones. This library was subsequently screened for immunogenic proteins using antibodies raised in rabbit against a clinical isolate of C. jejuni; this resulted in 5 ...	2011	22155767
hle-inhibitory alkaloids with a polyketide skeleton from the marine-derived fungus coniothyrium cereale.	the marine endophytic fungus coniothyrium cereale produces the structurally unusual polyketide-type alkaloids (-)-cereolactam (1) and (-)-cereoaldomine (3), incorporating a lactam and an imine functionality, respectively, as well as the related metabolite (-)-trypethelone (2). compounds 1 and 3 showed selective inhibition of human leukocyte elastase with ic50 values of 9.28 and 3.01 μm, respectively. compound 2 was found to be inhibitory toward mycobacterium phlei, staphylococcus aureus, and esc ...	2011	21923104
Bacterial superantigens enhance the in vitro proinflammatory response and in vivo lethality of the TLR2 agonist bacterial lipoprotein.	Bacterial superantigens are Gram-positive exotoxins that induce proinflammatory cytokine release in vitro, cause lethal shock in vivo, and can be detected in the bloodstream of critically ill patients. They also have a powerful priming effect on the TLR4 agonist LPS. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between superantigens and the TLR2 agonist bacterial lipoprotein (BLP). Priming of human monocytes or PBMCs with superantigens significantly enhanced proinflammatory cytokine ...	2011	22003201
Japanese encephalitis virus structural and nonstructural proteins expressed in Escherichia coli induce protective immunity in mice.	Ectodomain of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) E protein [domains I through III (D1-3), domains I and II (D1-2) and domain III (D3)] and the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) were expressed in Escherichia coli, and administered to BALB/c mice via the intranasal (i.n.) route. The E protein, but not the NS1, induced JEV-specific serum IgG with virus-neutralization capacity in vitro. When mice were lethally challenged with JEV, i.n. immunization with D1-3, D1-2, D3, or a mouse brain-derived formalin-i ...	2011	22001496
is escherichia coli urinary tract infection a zoonosis? proof of direct link with production animals and meat.	recently, it has been suggested that the escherichia coli causing urinary tract infection (uti) may come from meat and animals. the purpose was to investigate if a clonal link existed between e. coli from animals, meat and uti patients. twenty-two geographically and temporally matched b2 e. coli from uti patients, community-dwelling humans, broiler chicken meat, pork, and broiler chicken, previously identified to exhibit eight virulence genotypes by microarray-detection of approximately 300 gene ...	2011	22033854
[preparation and identification of ompw monoclonal antibodies].	to prepare and characterize the mouse monoclonal antibodies against vibrio parahaemolyticus ompw.	2011	21906472
Suppression of adaptive immunity to heterologous antigens by Sj16 of Schistosoma japonicum.	Abstract Despite great effort has been given to control the disease, schistosomiasis remains the most important human helminth infection in terms of morbidity and mortality. Natural infection of schistosomes induces very little protective immunity against reinfection. Moreover, effective schistosomiasis vaccines for practical use have not been developed. Schistosomes appear to have evolved highly effective modulatory mechanisms on their host's immune system that promote the parasites' survival ...	2011	22017401
role of acute ethanol exposure and tlr4 in early events of sepsis in a mouse model.	sepsis is a major cause of death worldwide. the associated risks and mortality are known to significantly increase on exposure to alcohol (chronic or acute). the underlying mechanisms of the association of acute ethanol ingestion and poor prognosis of sepsis are largely unknown. the study described here was designed to determine in detail the role of ethanol and tlr4 in the pathogenesis of the sepsis syndrome. the effects of acute ethanol exposure and tlr4 on bacterial clearance, spleen cell num ...	2011	21872420
whole-body deletion of lps-induced tnf-α factor (litaf) markedly improves experimental endotoxic shock and inflammatory arthritis.	lps-induced tnf-α factor (litaf) mediates cytokine expression in response to endotoxin challenge. previously, we reported that macrophage-specific litaf-deficient (maclitaf(-/-)) mice exposed to lps have a delayed onset in the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and prolonged persistence of anti-inflammatory cytokines, but only partial protection from endotoxic shock. we postulated that greater protection might be achieved if litaf were deleted from all litaf-producing cells, including mac ...	2011	22160695
trimerization of murine tnf ligand family member light increases the cytotoxic activity against the fm3a mammary carcinoma cell line.	light is a member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily, which plays important roles in inflammatory and immune responses. light forms a membrane-anchored homotrimeric complex on the cell surface and is often processed as a soluble protein. recombinant soluble human light produced by mammalian cells or escherichia coli is functional at nanomolar concentrations. however, there is little information about the biological activity of mouse light (mlight) because of the difficulty in produc ...	2011	21400099
approaches to enzyme and substrate design of the murine dnmt3a dna methyltransferase.	dnmt3a-c, the catalytic domain of the dnmt3a dna-(cytosine-c5)-methyltransferase, is active in an isolated form but, like the full-length dnmt3a, shows only weak dna methylation activity. to improve this activity by directed evolution, we set up a selection system in which dnmt3a-c methylated its own expression plasmid in e. coli, and protected it from cleavage by methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes. however, despite screening about 400 clones that were selected in three rounds from a rand ...	2011	21400651
expression and purification of recombinant hemoglobin in escherichia coli.	recombinant dna technologies have played a pivotal role in the elucidation of structure-function relationships in hemoglobin (hb) and other globin proteins. here we describe the development of a plasmid expression system to synthesize recombinant hbs in escherichia coli, and we describe a protocol for expressing hbs with low intrinsic solubilities. since the α- and β-chain hbs of different species span a broad range of solubilities, experimental protocols that have been optimized for expressing ...	2011	21625463
lack of association between the tlr4 (lpsd/lpsd) genotype and increased susceptibility to escherichia coli bladder infections in female c3h/hej mice.	abstract toll-like receptor 4 is thought to have a primary role in host defense against escherichia coli bladder colonization, based on mouse models of urinary tract infection using c3h/hej female mice. this strain carries a point mutation in the tlr4 gene, which renders the mice unresponsive to lipopolysaccharide (lps) and thus limits the bladder inflammatory response and infection resolution. the importance of tlr4 as the sole genetic determinant of resistance or susceptibility can be question ...	2011	21628500
genetic improvement of butanol tolerance in escherichia coli by cell surface expression of fish metallothionein.	cysteine-rich metallothioneins (mts) have been reported to possess the capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species in vitro and in vivo. recombinant strains of escherichia coli expressing outer membrane protein c (ompc) fused with mts from human, mouse and tilapia displayed the ability for such surface-localized mts to scavenge extracellular free radicals, but the benefits of the possible applications of this capacity have not yet been demonstrated. because the intrinsic butanol tolerance of mi ...	2011	21636989
genotoxic assessment and toxicity evaluation of peginesatide in cbyb6f1 hybrid mice.	peginesatide is a pegylated, investigational, peptide-based erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (esa) that was designed and engineered to stimulate specifically the erythropoietin receptor dimer that governs erythropoiesis. clinical use of peginesatide is anticipated to result in chronic dosing in chronic kidney disease (ckd) patients, and the nonclinical data to support development should include an evaluation of carcinogenic potential evaluation. peginesatide was not mutagenic or clastogenic in a ...	2011	21649477
enhanced in vitro refolding of fibroblast growth factor 15 with the assistance of sumo fusion partner.	fibroblast growth factor 15 (fgf15) is the mouse orthologue of human fgf19. fgf15 is highly expressed in the ileum and functions as an endocrine signal to regulate liver function, including bile acid synthesis, hepatocyte proliferation and insulin sensitivity. in order to fully understand the function of fgf15, methods are needed to produce pure fgf15 protein in the prokaryotic system. however, when expressed in escherichia coli (e. coli), the recombinant fgf15 protein was insoluble and found on ...	2011	21655243
monodispersed biocompatible silver sulfide nanoparticles: facile extracellular biosynthesis using the γ-proteobacterium, shewanella oneidensis.	interest in engineered metal and semiconductor nanocrystallites continues to grow due to their unique size- and shape-dependent optoelectronic, physicochemical and biological properties. therefore identifying novel non-hazardous nanoparticle synthesis routes that address hydrophilicity, size and shape control and production costs has become a priority. in the present article we report for the first time on the efficient generation of extracellular silver sulfide (ag(2)s) nanoparticles by the met ...	2011	21798382
crystal structure of human isg15 in complex with influenza b virus ns1b.	isg15 (interferon-stimulated gene 15), the first ubiquitin-like protein (ubl) identified, has emerged as an important cellular antiviral factor. it consists of two ubl domains with a short linker between them. the covalent attachment of isg15 to host and viral proteins to modify their functions, similar to ubiquitylation, is named as isgylation. influenza b virus ns1b protein antagonizes human but not mouse isgylation because ns1b exhibits species-specificity: it only binds human and non-human p ...	2011	21757684
altered toll-like receptor 2-mediated endotoxin tolerance is related to diminished interferon {beta} production.	induction of endotoxin tolerance leads to a reduced inflammatory response after repeated challenge by lps and is important for resolution of inflammation and prevention of tissue damage. enterobacterial lps is recognized by the tlr4 signaling complex, whereas lps of some non-enterobacterial organisms is capable of signaling independently of tlr4 utilizing tlr2-mediated signal transduction instead. in this study we report that porphyromonas gingivalis lps, a tlr2 agonist, fails to induce a fully ...	2011	21705332
evaluation of the genotoxic potential of single-wall carbon nanotubes by using a battery of in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity assays.	the genotoxic potential of a high purity sample of single-wall carbon nanotubes (swcnts) was evaluated using a battery of in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity assays. these comprised a bacterial reverse mutation test (ames test), an in vitro chromosomal aberration test, and an in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. the swcnts exerted no genotoxicity in salmonella typhimurium ta97, ta98, ta100, and ta1535, or in escherichia coli wp2 uvra/pkm101, whether in the absence or presence of metabolic ...	2011	21821090
augmented bacterial elimination by kupffer cells after il-18 pretreatment via ifn-+¦ produced from nk cells in burn-injured mice.	we recently demonstrated that il-18 injections following burn restored ifn-+¦ production and increased mouse survival after bacterial infection. however, it has yet to be fully elucidated how the il-18 therapy affects the function of phagocytic cells. we investigated the effect of il-18 therapy on function and interaction of kupffer cells and nk cells in burned mice. c57bl/6 mice received a 20% full-thickness burn, followed by multiple injections with il-18. although burn-injured mice had decrea ...	2011	21696891
molecular structure, expression analysis and functional characterization of april (tnfsf 13) in goat (capra hircus).	a proliferation-inducing ligand (april) is an important member of the tumor necrosis factor (tnf) superfamily. in the present study, a novel cdna was isolated from the spleen of goat by rt-pcr and designated as goat april (gapril). the open reading frame (orf) of this cdna covered 753bp, encoding a protein of 250 amino acids. sequence comparison showed that gapril contains a predicted transmembrane domain, a putative furin protease cleavage site, and two cysteine residues, which are the typical ...	2011	21722716
characterization and crystallization of mouse aldehyde oxidase 3 (maox3): from mouse liver to e. coli heterologous protein expression.	aldehyde oxidase (aox) is characterized by a broad substrate specificity oxidizing aromatic aza-heterocycles, e.g. n(1)-methylnicotinamide and n-methylphthalazinium, or aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, retinal and vanillin. in the past decade, ao has been increasingly recognized to play an important role in the metabolism of drugs through its complex cofactor content, tissue distribution and substrate recognition. in humans, only one aox gene (aox1) is present, but in mouse and other mammals dif ...	2011	21705476
oral administration of escherichia coli nissle 1917 prevents allergen-induced dermatitis in mice.	ôçé background:ôçé the prevalence of allergies has been linked to western life style factors including a decrease of microbial exposure. probiotics, such as escherichia coli nissle 1917 (ecn), have been shown to be beneficial for prevention and treatment of several chronic inflammatory diseases. objective:ôçé the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of oral ecn administration on development and outcome of allergen-induced dermatitis. methods:ôçé in sensitized balb/c mice, skin inflamm ...	2011	21740462
co-expression of tetanus toxin fragment c in escherichia coli with thioredoxin and its evaluation as an effective subunit vaccine candidate.	the receptor-binding domain of tetanus toxin (thc), which mediates the binding of the toxin to the nerve cells, is a candidate subunit vaccine against tetanus. in this study one synthetic gene encoding the thc was constructed and highly expressed in escherichia coli by co-expression with thioredoxin (trx). the purified thc-vaccinated mice were completely protected against an active toxin challenge in mouse models of disease and the potency of two doses of thc was comparable to that of three dose ...	2011	21718736
cross-reactivity among some metals in a murine metal-allergy model.	background:ôçé information concerning cross-reactivity among metal-allergens is scarce. we previously devised a murine metal-allergy model using lipopolysaccharide (lps) as an adjuvant. lps reduces the minimum allergy-inducing concentration (maic) of metals at both the sensitization and elicitation steps. objectives:ôçé here, we examined allergic cross-reactivity among some metals in this murine model, and compared the effects of ultra-pure (99.99% or more) and low-purity (93-99%) metal salts. m ...	2011	21692768
intratracheal transplantation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuates escherichia coli-induced acute lung injury in mice.	abstract:	2011	21843339
phenotypic changes in a laboratory-derived ertapenem-resistant escherichia coli strain.	the aim of this study was to identify phenotypic changes in a laboratory-derived strain of ertapenem-resistant escherichia coli (ec-ert) when compared to its susceptible parent strain (ec-wt). in both strains, we assessed both the effects of ertapenem via time-kill curves and the occurrence of cross resistance with other beta-lactams. the strains were compared based on growth pattern, biochemical-physiological profile and changes in the subproteome using 2d-dige followed by maldi-tof/tof ms. to ...	2011	21742581
high-yield expression in escherichia coli and purification of mouse ubiquitin-activating enzyme e1.	research in the ubiquitin field requires large amounts of ubiquitin-activating enzyme (e1) for in vitro ubiquitination assays. typically, the mammalian enzyme is either isolated from natural sources or produced recombinantly using baculovirus/insect cell protein expression systems. escherichia coli is seldom used to produce mammalian e1 probably due to the instability and insolubility of this high-molecular mass protein. in this report, we show that 5-10 mg of histidine-tagged mouse e1 can be ea ...	2011	22012022
mutational analysis of pseudomonas aeruginosa oxyr to define the regions required for peroxide resistance and acute virulence.	oxyr is known as the primary hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2))-sensing transcriptional activator responsible for h(2)o(2) resistance in pseudomonas aeruginosa. the oxyr deletion mutant is defective in survival on aerobic serial dilution, hypersensitive to peroxides, and impaired in acute virulence in mouse and drosophila melanogaster infections. to identify the functional regions important for these phenotypes, we carried out site-directed mutagenesis of 14 amino acid residues of p. aeruginosa oxyr, ...	2011	22029971
Cloning and functional analysis of PKZ (PKR-like) from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus).	The new teleost fish PKZ (PKR-like) full-length cDNA (GU299765) had been cloned and identified from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). The cDNA of grass carp PKZ (CiPKZ) has 2185 bp in length with a largest open reading frame (ORF) encoding 513aa. CiPKZ possesses a conserved C-terminal catalytic domain of eIF2a kinase family. Within its N-terminal there are two binding domain (Za) named Za1 (1-67aa) and Za2 (81-152aa). BLAST homologous search reveals that CiPKZ has a high-level homology with ...	2011	22008285
Genotoxicity assessment of ethylenediamine dinitrate (EDDN) and diethylenetriamine trinitrate (DETN).	Ethylenediamine dinitrate (EDDN) and diethylenetriamine trinitrate (DETN) are relatively insensitive explosive compounds that are being explored as safe alternatives to other more sensitive compounds. When used in combination with other high explosives they are an improvement and may provide additional safety during storage and use. The genetic toxicity of these compounds was evaluated to predict the potential adverse human health effects from exposure by using a standard genetic toxicity test b ...	2011	21944905
A new piece of the Shigella pathogenicity puzzle: spermidine accumulationby silencing of the speG gene.	The genome of Shigella, a gram negative bacterium which is the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, shares strong homologies with that of its commensal ancestor, Escherichia coli. The acquisition, by lateral gene transfer, of a large plasmid carrying virulence determinants has been a crucial event in the evolution towards the pathogenic lifestyle and has been paralleled by the occurrence of mutations affecting genes, which negatively interfere with the expression of virulence factors. In this ...	2011	22102881
biosorption of lead (ii) and cadmium (ii) using escherichia coli genetically engineered with mice metallothionein i.	contamination caused by heavy metals in wastewater has a high potential of risk because they easily penetrate in to the trofic chain accumulating as organometallic compounds. in this work, the expression of mice metallothionein in e. coli (pmt-thio) was examined as a strategy to enhance metal biosorption efficiency of bacterial biosorbents for pb(ii) and cd(ii) ions. the results showed that pmt-thio led to significant increase in overall biosorption capacity, especially for biosorption of pb. is ...	2011	21866758
antimicrobial activity of a combination of mume fructus, schizandrae fructus, and coptidis rhizoma on enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o26, o111, and o157 and its effect on shiga toxin releases.	the antibacterial activity of an herbal combination composed of mume fructus, coptidis rhizoma, and schizandrae fructus extracts on enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) was evaluated in the present study. the combination demonstrated antibacterial activity against all ehec strains tested in this study, including those resistant to multiple antibiotics; minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged from 0.49 to 31.25 mg/ml. in in vivo antibacterial activity assay, the herbal combination was ...	2011	21214372
unambiguous characterization of site-specific phosphorylation of leucine-rich repeat fli-i-interacting protein 2 (lrrfip2) in toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4)-mediated signaling.	in the tlr4 signaling pathways, we previously characterized a signal regulator, lrrfip2, that modulates the time course-dependent changes in nf-?b activity through its dynamic interaction with the tlr adaptor protein, myd88. however, little is known about the driving force behind the lps-inducible dynamics between lrrfip2 and myd88. we have therefore designed a multiplex label-free quantitative proteomics method to investigate dynamic changes of lrrfip2 phosphorylation upon lps stimulation. give ...	2011	21220426
dynamin2- and endothelial nitric oxide synthase-regulated invasion of bladder epithelial cells by uropathogenic escherichia coli.	invasion of bladder epithelial cells by uropathogenic escherichia coli (upec) contributes to antibiotic-resistant and recurrent urinary tract infections (utis), but this process is incompletely understood. in this paper, we provide evidence that the large guanosine triphosphatase dynamin2 and its partner, endothelial nitric oxide (no) synthase (nos [enos]), mediate bacterial entry. overexpression of dynamin2 or treatment with the no donor s-nitrosothiols increases, whereas targeted reduction of ...	2011	21220511
vaccination with different m2e epitope densities confers partial protection against h5n1 influenza a virus challenge in chickens.	objective: currently, research is focused on universal influenza vaccines based on various ectodomains of the influenza matrix protein 2 (m2e). such vaccines are tested mostly using mouse-adapted influenza viruses and in mouse or ferret models. the aim of this study was to investigate in a chicken model the protective efficacy of vaccines based on avian-type m2e at different epitope densities. methods: on the basis of the optimized avian-type m2e gene, recombinant plasmids that contained tandem ...	2011	21228535
recognition of 2'-o-methylated 3'-end of pirna by the paz domain of a piwi protein.	piwi proteins are germline-specific argonautes that associate with small rnas called piwi-interacting rnas (pirnas), and together with these rnas are implicated in transposon silencing. the paz domain of argonaute proteins recognizes the 3'-end of the rna, which in the case of pirnas is invariably modified with a 2'-o-methyl group. here, we present the solution structure of the paz domain from the mouse piwi protein, miwi, in complex with an 8-mer pirna mimic. the methyl group is positioned in a ...	2011	21237665
uafb is a serine-rich repeat adhesin of staphylococcus saprophyticus that mediates binding to fibronectin, fibrinogen and human uroepithelial cells.	staphylococcus saprophyticus is an important cause of urinary tract infection (uti), particularly among young women, and is second only to uropathogenic escherichia coli as the most frequent cause of uti. the molecular mechanisms of urinary tract colonization by s. saprophyticus remain poorly understood. we have identified a novel 6.84&emsp14;kb plasmid-located adhesin-encoding gene in s. saprophyticus strain ms1146 which we have termed uro-adherence factor b (uafb). uafb is a glycosylated serin ...	2011	21252279
cdna, genomic sequence cloning and overexpression of the ribosomal protein s13 gene in the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca).	the cdna and the genomic sequence of ribosomal protein s13 (rps13) of the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) was cloned using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and touchdown-pcr, respectively. these two sequences were sequenced and analyzed, and the cdna of the rps13 gene was overexpressed in escherichia coli bl21. we compared the nucleotide sequences of the coding region and the amino acid sequences with those of seven other mammalian species retrieved from genbank. the ...	2011	21268784
alkbh8-mediated formation of a novel diastereomeric pair of wobble nucleosides in mammalian trna.	mammals have nine different homologues (alkbh1-9) of the escherichia coli dna repair demethylase alkb. alkbh2 is a genuine dna repair enzyme, but the in vivo function of the other alkbh proteins has remained elusive. it was recently shown that alkbh8 contains an additional transfer rna (trna) methyltransferase domain, which generates the wobble nucleoside 5-methoxycarbonylmethyluridine (mcm(5)u) from its precursor 5-carboxymethyluridine (cm(5)u). in this study, we report that (r)- and 5-methoxyc ...	2011	21285950
identification and functional characterization of an interferon regulatory factor 7-like (irf7-like) gene from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides.	interferon regulatory factor (irf) 7 plays a crucial role in modulating cellular responses to viral infection and cytokines, including interferons (ifns). in the present study, a novel irf7 gene (designated as ecirf7) was cloned and characterized from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length ecirf7 cdna is composed of 2089 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 433 amino acids with 81% identity to irf7 of siniperca chuatsi, and the genomic dna of ecirf7 consists of 9 exons and 8 in ...	2011	21295068
the structural orientation of antibody layers bound to engineered biosensor surfaces.	this paper describes a membrane protein array that binds immunoglobulin g at its constant regions whilst leaving the variable regions free to bind antigen. the scaffold of the array is the transmembrane domain of outer membrane protein a (tompa) from escherichia coli engineered to assemble as an oriented monolayer on gold surfaces via a single cysteine residue. other protein domains can be fused to the n and c termini of the scaffold. in this study we use circularly permuted ctompa fused to two ...	2011	21306769
biofilm formation by and thermal niche and virulence characteristics of escherichia spp.	in order to better understand the ecological and virulence characteristics of the various clades of escherichia, in vitro and in vivo experiments were undertaken. members of the recently described cryptic clades of escherichia (clades iii, iv, and v) were found to have an enhanced ability to form biofilms compared to strains of escherichia coli, e. fergusonii, or e. albertii. members of the cryptic clades were also able to replicate at a lower temperature (5°c versus 11°c) than strains of the na ...	2011	21335385
human serum albumin improves endothelial dysfunction and survival during experimental endotoxemia: concentration-dependent properties.	the mechanisms by which human serum albumin might protect against sepsis-induced organ dysfunction and improve survival are not elucidated. the present study was designed to assess the effects of two concentrations of human serum albumin on endotoxin-induced mortality as well as on endothelial and organ dysfunctions in both mouse and cell models.	2011	21336119
arid5a cooperates with sox9 to stimulate chondrocyte-specific transcription.	sry-box-containing gene 9 (sox9) is an essential transcription factor in chondrocyte lineage determination and differentiation. recent studies demonstrated that sox9 controls the transcription of chondrocyte-specific genes in association with several other transcriptional regulators. to further understand the molecular mechanisms by which sox9 influences transcriptional events during chondrocyte differentiation, we attempted to identify transcriptional partners of sox9 and to examine their roles ...	2011	21346191
vimentin organization modulates the formation of lamellipodia.	vimentin intermediate filaments (vif) extend throughout the rear and perinuclear regions of migrating fibroblasts, but only nonfilamentous vimentin particles are present in lamellipodial regions. in contrast, vif networks extend to the entire cell periphery in serum-starved or nonmotile fibroblasts. upon serum addition or activation of rac1, vif are rapidly phosphorylated at ser-38, a p21-activated kinase phosphorylation site. this phosphorylation of vimentin is coincident with vif disassembly a ...	2011	21346197
intracellular bacteria recognition contributes to maximal interleukin (il)-12 production by il-10-deficient macrophages.	interleukin (il)-12 is a key factor that induces t helper cell type 1-mediated immunity and inflammatory diseases. in some colitis models, such as il-10 knock-out (ko) mice, il-12 triggers intestinal inflammation. an abundant amount of il-12 is produced by intestinal macrophages in response to stimulation by commensal bacteria in il-10 ko mice. intact bacteria are more potent inducers of macrophage il-12 production than cell surface components in this model. this suggested that cell surface rece ...	2011	21352199
muc17 protects intestinal epithelial cells from enteroinvasive e. coli infection by promoting epithelial barrier integrity.	the membrane-bound mucin muc17 (mouse homolog muc3) is highly expressed on the apical surface of intestinal epithelia and is thought to play a role in epithelial restitution and protection. therefore, we hypothesized that muc17 has a role in protection of the intestinal mucosa against luminal pathogens. human intestinal cell lines were transfected by electroporation (caco-2 and ht 29/19a) and by retroviral expression vector (ls174t, a cell line with high levels of muc17 expression) using muc17 s ...	2011	21393431
genotype and phenotypes of an intestine-adapted escherichia coli k-12 mutant selected by animal passage for superior colonization.	we previously isolated a spontaneous mutant of escherichia coli k-12, strain mg1655, following passage through the streptomycin-treated mouse intestine, that has colonization traits superior to the wild-type parent strain (m. p. leatham et al., infect. immun. 73:8039-8049, 2005). this intestine-adapted strain (e. coli mg1655*) grew faster on several different carbon sources than the wild type and was nonmotile due to deletion of the flhd gene. we now report the results of several high-throughput ...	2011	21422176
mo25 is a master regulator of spak/osr1 and mst3/mst4/ysk1 protein kinases.	mouse protein-25 (mo25) isoforms bind to the strad pseudokinase and stabilise it in a conformation that can activate the lkb1 tumour suppressor kinase. we demonstrate that by binding to several ste20 family kinases, mo25 has roles beyond controlling lkb1. these new mo25 targets are spak/osr1 kinases, regulators of ion homeostasis and blood pressure, and mst3/mst4/ysk1, involved in controlling development and morphogenesis. our analyses suggest that mo25a and mo25ß associate with these ste20 kina ...	2011	21423148
p2y(6) agonist uridine 5'-diphosphate promotes host defense against bacterial infection via monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-mediated monocytes/macrophages recruitment.	extracellular nucleotides are important messengers involved in series crucial physiological functions through the activation of p2 purinergic receptors. the detailed function and mechanism of the p2y family in regulating immune response against invaded pathogens still remains unknown. in this study, the activation of purinoreceptor p2y(6) by udp was found to play a crucial role in promoting host defense against invaded bacteria through monocytes/macrophages recruitment. the expression level of p ...	2011	21444765
identification of constitutively active interleukin 33 (il-33) splice variant.	il-33/il-1f11 is a new member of the il-1 family ligand and provokes t helper-type immune responses. il-33 is the ligand of st2 and il-1 receptor accessory protein (il-1racp) that triggers nuclear factor-? light chain enhancer of activated b cells (nf-?b) and mapk signaling. we discovered a novel short splice variant of il-33 that was termed spil-33. the new spil-33 lacks exon 3 containing a proposed caspase-1 cleavage site. we isolated spil-33 cdna from the huh7 human hepatocarcinoma cell line ...	2011	21454686
glutathione depression by dihydropyrazine derivative.	dihydropyrazine (dhp), which is formed by nonenzymatic glycation, generates various radical species that lead to dna damage and enzyme inhibition. in this study, we examined the reaction between dhp derivatives and glutathione (gsh). dhp exposure caused more intense growth inhibition of a gsh-deficient mutant escherichia coli strain compared with the wild-type strain. dhp-exposed mouse fibroblasts showed a decrease in the cellular gsh level. the obtained data suggested that the reaction of dhp w ...	2011	21467750
role of clic4 in the host innate responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide.	chloride intracellular channel (clic) 4 has diverse functions in membrane trafficking, apoptosis, angiogenesis and cell differentiation. clic4 is abundantly expressed in macrophages, but its role in innate immune functions is unclear. here, we show that primary murine macrophages express increased amounts of clic4 after exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps). endogenous clic4 level was significantly elevated in the brain, heart, lung, kidney, liver and spleen after lps injection of mice. ...	2011	21469130
escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin promotes protective th17 responses against infection by driving innate il-1 and il-23 production.	escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) is a powerful mucosal adjuvant; however, it is associated with toxic effects when delivered intranasally, and its mechanism of action is poorly understood. in this article, we demonstrate that lt acts as a highly effective adjuvant when administered parenterally, promoting ag-specific il-17, as well as ifn-γ, il-4, and il-10 production in response to coadministered ags. we found that the adjuvant activity of lt was mediated in part by inducing dendri ...	2011	21490151
a unique arabinose 5-phosphate isomerase found within a genomic island associated with the uropathogenicity of escherichia coli cft073.	previous studies showed that deletion of genes c3405 to c3410 from pai-metv, a genomic island from escherichia coli cft073, results in a strain that fails to compete with wild-type cft073 after a transurethral cochallenge in mice and is deficient in the ability to independently colonize the mouse kidney. our analysis of c3405 to c3410 suggests that these genes constitute an operon with a role in the internalization and utilization of an unknown carbohydrate. this operon is not found in e. coli k ...	2011	21498648
mcp-1 regulates pulmonary host defense via neutrophil recruitment during e. coli infection.	neutrophil accumulation is a critical event to clear bacteria. since uncontrolled neutrophil recruitment can cause severe lung damage, understanding neutrophil trafficking mechanisms is important to attenuate neutrophil-mediated damage. while mcp-1 is known as a monocyte chemoattractant, its role in pulmonary neutrophil mediated host defense against gram negative bacterial infection is not understood. we hypothesized that mcp-1/ccl2 is important for neutrophil-mediated host defense. reduced bact ...	2011	21518788
membrane-bound cd40 ligand on t cells from mice injected with lipopolysaccharide accelerates lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclastogenesis.	yokoyama m, ukai t, ayon haro er, kishimoto t, yoshinaga y, hara y. membrane-bound cd40 ligand on t cells from mice injected with lipopolysaccharide accelerates lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclastogenesis. j periodont res 2011; doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01362.x. © 2011 john wiley & sons a/s background and objective: t cells infiltrate the inflammatory site of periodontitis and consequently stimulate the loss of periodontal bone. we previously reported that t cells from lipopolysaccharide ...	2011	21521224
a survey of metabolic databases emphasizing the metacyc family.	thanks to the confluence of genome sequencing and bioinformatics, the number of metabolic databases has expanded from a handful in the mid-1990s to several thousand today. these databases lie within distinct families that have common ancestry and common attributes. the main families are the metacyc, kegg, reactome, model seed, and bigg families. we survey these database families, as well as important individual metabolic databases, including multiple human metabolic databases. the metacyc family ...	2011	21523460
characterization of antigen-presenting cells induced by intragastric immunization with recombinant chimeric immunogens constructed from streptococcus mutans agi/ii and type i or type ii heat-labile enterotoxins.	intragastric (i.g.) immunization with recombinant chimeric proteins constructed from the saliva-binding region (sbr) of streptococcus mutans surface antigen agi/ii and the a2/b subunits of enterobacterial heat-labile enterotoxins has been successfully used to induce salivary and circulating antibodies against s. mutans that have protective potential against dental caries. to investigate the mode of action of these vaccine constructs, mice were immunized i.g. with chimeric proteins constructed fr ...	2011	21545697
protection against escherichia coli o157:h7 challenge by immunization of mice with purified tir proteins.	enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7 infections cause serious public health problems worldwide. the translocation intimin receptor (tir) is responsible for adhesion and attaching and effacing lesions. in the current study, we used a mitomycin-treated mouse model to evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous vs intranasal administration of the recombinant tir as vaccine. following immunization, mice were infected with e. coli o157:h7 and faces were monitored for shedding. mice immunized i ...	2011	21567195
long-term selenium deficiency increases the pathogenicity of a citrobacter rodentium infection in mice.	citrobacter rodentium is a mouse pathogen that causes infectious colitis and shares characteristics with human enteropathogenic (epec) and enterohemorrhagic (ehec) escherichia coli, including the ability to cause attaching and effacing lesions in the colon and serves as a useful model to study the pathogenicity of these bacteria. in this study, mice were fed a selenium-deficient diet for 5 or 20 weeks and then infected with c. rodentium. colonization of the colon by c. rodentium was similar in m ...	2011	21584659
beta-35 is a transferrin-derived inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth.	an angiogenesis inhibitor named beta-35 has been identified and purified from the conditioned medium of mouse pancreatic β cells tumor cells. beta-35 has a molecular weight of 35kda and inhibits dna synthesis of bovine capillary endothelial cells at a half-maximal concentration of approximately 5nm. it shows anti-angiogenic activity in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane at a dose of about 1μg/embryo. amino acid microsequencing and mass spectrometric analysis of the purified protein demons ...	2011	21605550
expression, purification, and refolding of active human and mouse secreted group iie phospholipase a(2).	secreted phospholipase a(2)s form a large family of proteins involved in diverse biological and pathophysiological processes. group iie secreted phospholipase a(2) (spla(2)-iie) is one of the latest discovered members of this family. previous studies revealed that the expression profile of spla(2)-iie was restricted to a few tissue types including brain, heart, lung and placenta compared to the broad expression profile of other isoforms. accumulating evidence suggests that spla(2)-iie might play ...	2011	21605679
production and characterization of a humanized single-chain antibody against human integrin {alpha}v{beta}3.	anti-angiogenesis therapy is an emerging strategy for cancer treatment. this therapy has many advantages over existing treatments, such as fewer side effects, fewer resistance problems and a broader tumor type spectrum. integrin αvβ3 is a heterodimeric transmembrane glycoprotein that has been demonstrated to play a key role in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. we have used phage antibody display to humanize a mouse monoclonal antibody (mab e10) against human integrin αvβ3 with a predetermined c ...	2011	21606501
phylogenetic analysis and prokaryotic expression of nmaap1 derived from bcg-activated murine macrophages.	bcg-activated macrophages exerted anti-tumor activities. cell surface molecules play an important role in mediating endocytosis by macrophages. in the previous study, we identified a group of 454 membrane proteins specifically expressed on bcg-activated mouse macrophages, including a protein named nmaap1 (novel macrophage activated associated protein). in this study, we aligned the full-length nucleotide sequences of nmaap1 and its homologous sequences to construct its phylogenetic tree, and clo ...	2011	20478616
enhanced sensitivity for selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomics using a dual stage electrodynamic ion funnel interface.	selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (srm-ms) is playing an increasing role in quantitative proteomics and biomarker discovery studies as a method for high throughput candidate quantification and verification. although srm-ms offers advantages in sensitivity and quantification compared with other ms-based techniques, current srm technologies are still challenged by detection and quantification of low abundance proteins (e.g. present at ∼10 ng/ml or lower levels in blood plasma). here w ...	2011	20410378
antigenotoxic effects of p53 on spontaneous and ultraviolet light b--induced deletions in the epidermis of gpt delta transgenic mice.	tumor development in the skin may be a multistep process where multiple genetic alterations occur successively. the p53 gene is involved in genome stability and thus is referred to as "the guardian of the genome." to better understand the antigenotoxic effects of p53 in ultraviolet light b (uvb)-induced mutagenesis, mutations were measured in the epidermis of uvb-irradiated p53(+/+) and p53(-/-) gpt delta mice. in the mouse model, point mutations and deletions are separately identified by the gp ...	2011	20740625
molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of adenylosuccinate lyase gene in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella).	adenylosuccinate lyase (adsl) is a bifunctional enzyme acting in de novo purine synthesis and purine nucleotide recycling. in the present study, we have constructed a grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) intestinal cdna library that has over 2.3 × 10(5) primary clones. an expressed sequence tag (est) of grass carp adenylosuccinate lyase (gcadsl) gene was screened from this library. both 5'-race and 3'-race were carried out in order to obtain the complete cdna sequence, which contains a 1,446 bp ...	2011	20857210
metabolic response to endotoxin in vivo in the conscious mouse: role of interleukin-6.	inflammation and insulin resistance are characteristics of endotoxemia. although the role of interleukin (il)-6 in insulin-resistant states has been characterized, little is known of its role in the metabolic response to inflammation. to study the role of il-6, conscious chronically catheterized mice were used. five days before being studied, catheters were implanted in the carotid artery and jugular vein. after a 5-hour fast, escherichia coli (250 μg per mouse) lipopolysaccharide (lps) was inje ...	2011	20102773
novel antibiotic-free plasmid selection system based on complementation of host auxotrophy in the nad de novo synthesis pathway.	the use of antibiotic resistance genes in plasmids causes potential biosafety and clinical hazards, such as the possibility of horizontal spread of resistance genes or the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. this paper introduces a novel auxotrophy complementation system that allowed plasmids and host cells to be effectively selected and maintained without the use of antibiotics. an escherichia coli strain carrying a defect in nad de novo biosynthesis was constructed by knocking ou ...	2010	20118370
autoactivation of the aggr regulator of enteroaggregative escherichia coli in vitro and in vivo.	enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) causes diarrhea in diverse populations worldwide. the arac-like regulator aggr is a key virulence regulator in eaec. aggr-regulated genes include those encoding the aggregative adherence fimbria, the dispersin protein, and a type vi secretion system. this study characterizes the regulation of the aggr promoter (p(aggr)). using primer extension analysis, the transcriptional start site of the aggr promoter was located 40 nucleotides upstream of the transla ...	2010	20132305
salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vaccine strains expressing a nontoxic shiga-like toxin 2 derivative induce partial protective immunity to the toxin expressed by enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli.	shiga-like toxin 2 (stx2)-producing enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (referred to as ehec or stec) strains are the primary etiologic agents of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus), which leads to renal failure and high mortality rates. expression of stx2 is the most relevant virulence-associated factor of ehec strains, and toxin neutralization by antigen-specific serum antibodies represents the main target for both preventive and therapeutic anti-hus approaches. in the present report, we describe t ...	2010	20147499
construction, screening and identification of a phage display antibody library against the eimeria acervulina merozoite.	a single-chain antibody library against eimeria acervulina merozoites was constructed by phage display approach. antibody-displaying phage was selected in four panning rounds against cryopreserved e. acervulina merozoites. five clones were randomly selected from the fourth panning round, and their nucleotide sequences were aligned and compared to mouse germ-line sequences. soluble antibody was produced in a non-suppressor escherichia coli strain, purified by protein a affinity chromatography, an ...	2010	20170639
chorioamnionitis stimulates angiogenesis in saccular stage fetal lungs via cc chemokines.	the fetal lung vasculature forms in tandem with developing airways. whereas saccular airway morphogenesis is arrested in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd), the potential vascular phenotype in bpd at this stage of development is less well-understood. as inflammation increases the risk of bpd and induces arrest of saccular airway morphogenesis, we tested the effects of escherichia coli lps on fetal mouse lung vascular development. injecting lps into the amniotic fluid of tie2-lacz endothelial repor ...	2010	20172951
mercury resistance and accumulation in escherichia coli with cell surface expression of fish metallothionein.	recombinant tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus) fish metallothionein (mt) was used as a surface biosorbent for mercury removal in escherichia coli. fish mt conferred better resistance than did mouse or human mt. when tilapia mt (tmt) was fused with an outer-membrane protein, outer membrane protein c (ompc), the membrane-targeted fusion protein, ompc-tmt, gave enhanced resistance compared with cytoplasmic tmt expressed in the same host cell. the cytoplasmically expressed tmt showed high mercury ads ...	2010	20174791
cytokines expression induced by ganoderma sinensis fungal immunomodulatory proteins (fip-gsi) in mouse spleen cells.	ganoderma sinensis fungal immunomodulatory protein (fip-gsi) was a new member of fips family. based on the cloning of fip-gsi gene from g. sinensis, this paper reported that fip-gsi gene was expressed in escherichia coli expression system. then, the recombinant proteins were analyzed by the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (maldi-ms). finally, the immunomodulatory activity was examined by induci ...	2010	20174887
mammalian g protein-coupled receptor expression in escherichia coli: ii. refolding and biophysical characterization of mouse cannabinoid receptor 1 and human parathyroid hormone receptor 1.	g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs) represent approximately 3% of the human proteome. they are involved in a large number of diverse processes and, therefore, are the most prominent class of pharmacological targets. besides rhodopsin, x-ray structures of classical gpcrs have only recently been resolved, including the beta1 and beta2 adrenergic receptors and the a2a adenosine receptor. this lag in obtaining gpcr structures is due to several tedious steps that are required before beginning the fir ...	2010	20175983
the mouse ortholog of neil3 is a functional dna glycosylase in vitro and in vivo.	to protect cells from oxidative dna damage and mutagenesis, organisms possess multiple glycosylases to recognize the damaged bases and to initiate the base excision repair pathway. three dna glycosylases have been identified in mammals that are homologous to the escherichia coli fpg and nei proteins, neil1, neil2, and neil3. neil1 and neil2 in human and mouse have been well characterized while the properties of the neil3 protein remain to be elucidated. in this study, we report the characterizat ...	2010	20185759
a monoclonal antibody specific to human myxovirus resistance protein a.	recombinant human myxovirus resistance protein a (mxa) was successfully expressed by an escherichia coli expression system. after immunization and cell fusion, a mouse hybridoma (3c2) producing mabs to mxa was established. hybridoma 3c2 was further characterized using indirect elisa, western blot analysis, immunofluorescent staining, and immunoprecipitation. the elisa results showed that the titer of 3c2 was between 1:6400 and 1:12800 in ascitic fluids. the isotype of the monoclonal antibody was ...	2010	20199149
killing of treponema denticola by mouse peritoneal macrophages.	treponema denticola has been identified as an important cause of periodontal disease and hypothesized to be involved in extra-oral infections. the objective of this study was to investigate the role of t. denticola cell length and motility during mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro uptake. macrophages, incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, produced a similar amount of tnf-alpha when stimulated with escherichia coli lps. the uptake of flge- and cfpa-deficient mutants of t. denticola ...	2010	20200417
evaluation of fermentation, drying, and/or high pressure processing on viability of listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella spp., and trichinella spiralis in raw pork and genoa salami.	we evaluated the effectiveness of fermentation, drying, and high pressure processing (hpp) to inactivate listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella spp., and trichinella spiralis in genoa salami produced with trichinae-infected pork. in addition, we evaluated the effectiveness of using hpp to inactivate t. spiralis larvae in pig masseter tissue. in part a, genoa salami batter (about 2.3 log larvae/g) prepared with trichinae-infected pork was separately spiked with a five-strain ...	2010	20207436
host-pathogen interactions mediating pain of urinary tract infection.	pelvic pain is a major component of the morbidity associated with urinary tract infection (uti), yet the molecular mechanisms underlying uti-induced pain remain unknown. uti pain mechanisms probably contrast with the clinical condition of asymptomatic bacteriuria (asb), characterized by significant bacterial loads without lack symptoms.	2010	20225955
yfibnr mediates cyclic di-gmp dependent small colony variant formation and persistence in pseudomonas aeruginosa.	during long-term cystic fibrosis lung infections, pseudomonas aeruginosa undergoes genetic adaptation resulting in progressively increased persistence and the generation of adaptive colony morphotypes. this includes small colony variants (scvs), auto-aggregative, hyper-adherent cells whose appearance correlates with poor lung function and persistence of infection. the scv morphotype is strongly linked to elevated levels of cyclic-di-gmp, a ubiquitous bacterial second messenger that regulates the ...	2010	20300602
an expression system for the e. coli fermentation of recombinant antibody fab fragments from mice and rabbits.	a mutually compatible vector system was developed for the bench-top fermenter production of mouse and rabbit fab fragments comprising pask85-pro-k411b and pask85rab-pro-wr13. these vectors provide a mouse- and rabbit-specific cloning site, respectively, the teta promoter/operator and the proba operon that complements the pro biosynthetic deficiency of the escherichia coli strain jm83 and can serve as an additional selection marker. fermentation at elevated cell density (od600 = 20-40) of the atr ...	2010	20334168
phoy2 but not phoy1 is the phou homologue involved in persisters in mycobacterium tuberculosis.	mycobacterial persistence is thought to be the underlying cause of the current lengthy tuberculosis therapy and latent infection. despite some recent progress, the mechanisms of bacterial persistence are poorly understood. we have recently identified a new persister gene phou from escherichia coli and have shown that the phou mutant has a defect in persisters. the objective of this study is to evaluate the role of two phou homologues phoy1 and phoy2 from mycobacterium tuberculosis in mycobacteri ...	2010	20360062
[preparation and identification of monoclonal antibody against human testis development related gene 1].	to construct a prokaryotic plasmid to express the testis development related gene 1 (tdrg1) recombinant protein and obtain anti-tdrg1 mab by immunizing mice, and to identify the biological properties of the mab.	2010	20360643
loss of nkx3.1 expression in bacterial prostatitis: a potential link between inflammation and neoplasia.	nkx3.1 is a homeodomain protein that functions as a dosage sensitive prostate-specific transcription factor. diminished nkx3.1 expression is associated with prostate epithelial cell proliferation in vitro and with increasing gleason grade in patient samples. mouse nkx3.1 also functions as a negative regulator of prostate cell growth in prostate cancer models. identifying biological and environmental factors that modulate nkx3.1 accumulation is therefore central to efforts aimed at elucidating pr ...	2010	20363913
cgi-58/abhd5 is a coenzyme a-dependent lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase.	mutations in human cgi-58/abhd5 cause chanarin-dorfman syndrome (cds), characterized by excessive storage of triacylglycerol in tissues. cgi-58 is an alpha/beta-hydrolase fold enzyme expressed in all vertebrates. the carboxyl terminus includes a highly conserved consensus sequence (hxxxxd) for acyltransferase activity. mouse cgi-58 was expressed in escherichia coli as a fusion protein with two amino terminal 6-histidine tags. recombinant cgi-58 displayed acyl-coa-dependent acyltransferase activi ...	2010	19801371
toward the development of a stable, freeze-dried formulation of helicobacter pylori killed whole cell vaccine adjuvanted with a novel mutant of escherichia coli heat-labile toxin.	no vaccine exists for the prevention of infection with the ubiquitous gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori, and drug therapy for the infection is complicated by poor patient compliance, the high cost of treatment, and ineffectiveness against drug-resistant strains. a new medical advancement is required to reduce the incidence of peptic ulcer disease and stomach cancer, two conditions caused by infection with h. pylori. clinical trials have been performed with a formalin-inactivated h. pylori who ...	2010	19897067
prevention of escherichia coli o157:h7 infection in gnotobiotic mice associated with bifidobacterium strains.	previous reports have shown that escherichia coli o157:h7 infection is strongly modified by intestinal microbes. in this paper, we examined whether bifidobacteria protect against e. coli o157:h7 infections using gnotobiotic mice di-associated with bifidobacterium strains (6 species, 9 strains) and e. coli o157:h7. seven days after oral administration of each bifidobacterium strain, the mice were orally infected with e. coli o157:h7 and their mortality was examined. bifidobacterium longum subsp. ...	2010	19911297
comparison of sypro ruby and flamingo fluorescent stains for application in proteomic research.	fluorescent dyes are widely used for the detection and quantitation of proteins separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. sypro ruby is one such fluorescent dye widely used for this purpose. more recently, another fluorescent dye, flamingo, is available for expression proteomic research. using a standard ultraviolet (uv) transilluminator and a charge-coupled device (ccd)-based imaging system, the relative sensitivity of these two different fluorescent stains with regard to detection of pr ...	2010	19917264
synthetic {beta}-(1->6)-linked n-acetylated and nonacetylated oligoglucosamines used to produce conjugate vaccines for bacterial pathogens.	vaccines for pathogens usually target strain-specific surface antigens or toxins, and rarely is there broad antigenic specificity extending across multiple species. protective antibodies for bacteria are usually specific for surface or capsular antigens. beta-(1-->6)-poly-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine (pnag) is a surface polysaccharide produced by many pathogens, including staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, yersinia pestis, bordetella pertussis, acinetobacter baumannii, and others. protective ant ...	2010	19948836
novel chlamydia pneumoniae vaccine candidates confirmed by th1-enhanced genetic immunization.	identification of highly immunogenic antigens is critical for the construction of an efficacious subunit vaccine against chlamydia pneumoniae infections. a previous project used a genome-wide screen to identify 12 protective c. pneumoniae candidate genes in an a/j mouse lung disease model (li et al. [14]). due to insufficient induction of th1 immunity, these genes elicited only modest protection. here, we used the escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin as a th1-enhancing genetic adjuvant, and ...	2010	19961962