Publications

[development of ovarioles and nurse cells cytoskeleton in calliphora erythrocephala mg. (diptera; calliphoridae)].	we have carried out the analysis of ovariole development and morphology in calliphora erythrocephala mg. (diptera: calliphoridae). it has been shown that several regions can be distinguished in c. erythrocephala germarium. in these regions cyst morphogenesis goes on stage by stage right up to the separation of formed egg chamber. there are fusomes of different degree of branching in germarium. two egg chambers develop in c. erythrocephala vitellarium. we have researched distribution of actin fil ...	2010	20352692
[intranuclear dynamics of chromosome 6 in nurse cells of calliphora erythrocephala mg. (diptera: calliphoridae)].	intranuclear dynamics of chromosome 6 in nurse cell nuclei of calliphora erythrocephala mg. (diptera: calliphoridae) was studied. the 3d fish method was used for the first time to study chromosome territories in highly polyploid nuclei whose chromosomes undergo morphological changes. a considerable change in the intranuclear location of chromosome 6 and a morphological alteration of the chromosome territory in the course of chromatin polytenization were revealed.	2010	21061612
[analysis of sex chromosome homologies in representatives of the family calliphoridae].	the distribution of sequences homologous to the calliphora erythrocephala mg. sex chromosome was studied in protophormia terranovae r-d and lucilia sp. the chromatin structure was found to be similar in regions containing homologous dna sequences.	2010	21254545
motoneurons of the flight power muscles of the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala: structures and mutual dye coupling.	the morphologies of the motoneurons of the dorsolongitudinal and the three dorsoventral flight power muscles (dlm, dvm 1-3) of calliphora were investigated by means of cobalt backfills and intracellular biocytin stainings. the dlm is innervated by four prothoracic motoneurons supplying the four ventral muscle fibers and one mesothoracic motoneuron supplying the two dorsal fibers. the three fibers of the dvm 1 and the two fibers of the dvm 2 are innervated by five mesothoracic motoneurons, wherea ...	2007	17120285
the influence of conidiobolus coronatus on phagocytic activity of insect hemocytes.	an essential component of the insect cellular response is phagocytosis. analyses of the in vitro phagocytosis could be useful for the studies of the relationship between insects and their pathogens. fungal metabolites are known to inhibit phagocytosis whereas components of the fungal cell wall stimulate phagocytosis. to achieve a better understanding of fungal pathogenesis in insects, haemocyte populations of two insect species susceptible to conidiobolus coronatus infection (galleria mellonella ...	2006	16325849
muscoid fly populations in tsunami-devastated villages of southern india.	several coastal villages of southern india were affected by the 26 december 2004 tsunami, and 10,749 people were killed. investigation carried out in the affected villages during fourth, fifth, and sixth weeks posttsunami showed that the fly density was in the range of 12-91.8 flies per sweep net. in total, 3,259 flies belonging to eight species, namely, musca domestica l., musca vicina macquart, musca sorbens wiedemann, calliphora erythrocephala robineau-desvody, sarcophaga ruficornis f., chrys ...	2006	16739426
[visualization of chromosome territories in interphase nuclei of ovarian nurse cells in calliphora erythrocephala mg. (diptera: calliphoridae)].	analysis of localization of chromosomes 2, 3, and 6 of calliphora erythrocephala mg. in ovarian nurse cell nuclei with different chromatin structure has shown that the regions of dna probe hybridization reduced with increasing chromatin compaction. hybridization of dna probes of chromosomes 3 and 6 to secondary reticular nuclei demonstrated that chromosomes retain their territories in the nuclei when the chromatin acquires a reticular structure. these results suggest regular organization of the ...	2005	16316007
cytotoxic effects of some animal and vegetable extracts and some chemicals on liver and colon carcinoma and myosarcoma.	to study, the cytotoxic effects of some biological and chemical agents on g1, s, g2, m and g0 phases of liver and colon carcinomas and myosarcoma cells obtained with chemical carcinogens dimethylbenzanthracene (dmba) and cadmium chloride.	2004	14968209
[organization and differential staining of chromosomes from the endomitotic nucleus of trophocytes calliphora erythrocephala (diptera: calliphoridae)].	the structure of primary polytene chromosomes and general architecture of nurse cell nuclei was studied in calliphora erythrocephala using various methods of differential chromosome banding(g-, r-, c-banding; ag- and dapi staining), chromospecific dna probes and fluorescence in situ hybridization. this analysis revealed differential compaction of particular chromosome regions. the localization of material of polytene chromosome 6 is retained after its rearrangement and the formation of the inter ...	2003	14582388
mesothoracic ventral unpaired median (mesvum) neurons in the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala.	the study describes five ventral unpaired median neurons in the mesothoracic neuromere of the fused thoracic ganglion of calliphora identified by biocytin staining (mesvum neurons). the group comprises four efferent neurons and one interneuron which are characterized by a common soma cluster in the ventral midline of the neuromere, bifurcating primary neurites and bilaterally symmetrical arborizations. respective soma clusters of not-yet-identified vum neurons were also found in the prothoracic, ...	2003	14608604
a candidate olfactory receptor subtype highly conserved across different insect orders.	candidate olfactory receptors of the moth heliothis virescens were found to be extremely diverse from receptors of the fruitfly drosophila melanogaster and the mosquito anopheles gambiae, but there is one exception. the moth receptor type hr2 shares a rather high degree of sequence identity with one olfactory receptor type both from drosophila (dor83b) and from anopheles (agamgpror7); moreover, in contrast to all other receptors, this unique receptor type is expressed in numerous antennal neuron ...	2003	12827420
evolution of 5s rrna gene families in drosophila.	in drosophila virilis, the three clusters of 5s rrna genes on chromosome 5 comprise two different gene families (b and c), which differ profoundly in the organization of their spacer sequences. while c-type genes, which are found in two of the clusters, exhibit a true repetitive character, the b-type genes of the third cluster are each embedded in completely different genomic environments. southern blots of genomic dna of different d. virilis subspecies, d. hydei and d. melanogaster probed with ...	2001	11448042
the mechanism mediating regenerative intercellular ca2+ waves in the blowfly salivary gland.	intercellular ca2+ signaling in intact salivary glands of the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala was studied by fluorimetric digital imaging combined with microinjection of putative messenger molecules. iontophoretic injection of d-myo-inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate (insp3) into salivary gland cells evoked regenerative intercellular ca2+ waves that spread through the impaled cell and several rows of surrounding cells. ca2+ increases induced by microinjection of ca2+ ions were confined to the injec ...	1999	10369663
temperature-dependence of neuronal performance in the motion pathway of the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala	raising the head temperature within a behaviourally relevant range has strong effects on the performance of an identified neuron, the h1 neuron, in the visual motion pathway of blowflies. the effect is seen as an increase in the mean amplitude of the responses to motion under both transient and steady-state conditions, a considerable decrease in the response latency and an improvement in the reliability of the responses to motion. these temperature-dependent effects are independent of whether th ...	1999	10539965
dendritic structure and receptive-field organization of optic flow processing interneurons in the fly.	the third visual neuropil (lobula plate) of the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala is a center for processing motion information. it contains, among others, 10 individually identifiable "vertical system" (vs) neurons responding to visual wide-field motions of arbitrary patterns. we demonstrate that each vs neuron is tuned to sense a particular aspect of optic flow that is generated during self-motion. thus the vs neurons in the fly supply visual information for the control of head orientation, bo ...	1998	9535957
calcium store depletion activates two distinct calcium entry pathways in secretory cells of the blowfly salivary gland.	ca2+ influx into secretory cells of the intact salivary gland of the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala elicited by the agonist 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) or the ca2+ uptake inhibitor thapsigargin was studied by using fura-2 and digital fluorescence imaging and by recordings of the transepithelial potential. application of saturating [5-ht] in the absence of ca2+ (ca2+o) from the bathing saline did not affect the initial ca2+ transient but greatly attenuated the subsequent sustained ca2+ elevatio ...	1998	9570010
serotonin-induced intercellular calcium waves in salivary glands of the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala.	1. blowfly salivary glands have been used extensively as a model system for the analysis of inositol phosphate-dependent signal transduction. to detect and characterize changes in intracellular free calcium ([ca2+]i) that might be expected to be triggered by stimulation with serotonin (5-ht), we have carried out digital calcium-imaging experiments on intact glands using the ca2+-sensitive dye fura-2. 2. 5-ht (1-10 nm) induced repetitive transient increases in [ca2+]i, i.e. ca2+ spikes whose freq ...	1997	9097929
synapse distribution on vch, an inhibitory, motion-sensitive interneuron in the fly visual system.	in this study, the distribution of synapses in the ventral centrifugal horizontal (vch)-a nonspiking, inhibitory, motion-sensitive interneuron in the third visual ganglion (lobula plate) of the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala-was examined by electron microscopy and electrophysiology. the frequency histograms of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potential amplitudes recorded from the vch during contralateral stimulus presentation suggest the existence of three neurons, two excitatory and o ...	1997	9136805
gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor distribution in the mushroom bodies of a fly (calliphora erythrocephala): a functional subdivision of kenyon cells?	antibodies against the drosophila gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) receptor subunit rdl were used to investigate the significance of inhibitory inputs to the mushroom bodies in the blowfly (calliphora erythrocephala) brain. the pedunculus and the lobes of the mushroom body, which mainly consist of kenyon cell fibers, revealed strong immunoreactivity against rdl. pedunculi, alpha- and beta-lobe show characteristic unstained core structures with concentric labeling along the neuropile axis. the gamm ...	1997	9184984
biogenesis of surface domains in fly photoreceptor cells: fine-structural analysis of the plasma membrane and immunolocalization of na+, k+ atpase and alpha-spectrin during cell differentiation.	electron microscopic examination of pupal and adult blowfly (calliphora erythrocephala) retina provides novel details on the biogenesis of the photoreceptor surface, particularly regarding the development of the microvillar rhabdomere and associated structures, such as the submicrovillar endoplasmic reticulum. localization of the na+, k(+)-atpase on the surface of developing photoreceptors has also been examined by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and immunogold electron microscopy. na+, k ...	1997	9184991
developmental regulation of yolk protein gene expression in anastrepha suspensa.	a partial cdna clone for the 48,000 dalton yolk polypeptide gene from anastrepha suspensa was isolated from a cdna expression library using a yolk polypeptide antibody probe and hybridization to the drosophila melanogaster yolk protein 1 gene. the sequenced dna has greatest homology to the yolk protein genes from ceratitis capitata, d. melanogaster, and calliphora erythrocephala and, similar to these genes, shares amino acid sequence domains with those from lipases. rna hybridization studies ind ...	1997	9243791
optomotor control of course and altitude in drosophila melanogaster is correlated with distinct activities of at least three pairs of flight steering muscles.	flight control in the fruitfly drosophila melanogaster is achieved by minute sets of muscles on either side of the thorax. control responses of wings and muscles were elicited during fixed flight by moving a striped pattern in front of the eyes. for example, pattern motion from the lower right to the upper left signals to the test fly a rotatory course deviation to the right and simultaneously a translatory altitude displacement downwards. the counteracting response to the displacement of the re ...	1996	8708578
cholinergic and gabaergic receptors on fly tangential cells and their role in visual motion detection.	1. to identify some of the neurotransmitters involved in the processing of visual motion information the pharmacology of transmitter receptors on motion-sensitive visual interneurons (vs and hs cells) was investigated in an in vitro preparation of the blowfly (calliphora erythrocephala) brain. cholinergic and gabaergic drugs were applied in the bath and iontophoretically while recording intracellularly from hs and vs cells. 2. bath-applied carbachol (10 and 100 microm) leads to a depolarization ...	1996	8890292
cutaneous myiasis in three obese cats.	three cats presented with painful, putrid smelling ulcers on their thighs and around their tails. examination of the fly larvae found in the ulcers revealed that the cats suffered cutaneous blowfly myiasis caused by calliphora erythrocephala larvae. obesity was one of the predisposing factors for the development of this parasitic condition. after therapy with ivermectin, the larvae disappeared within two days.	1996	8903143
[nasal myiasis].	thirty fly maggots were retrieved from the nasal cavity of a 23-year old man who had one week previously received treatment for a nasal fracture. the larvae were identified as calliphora erythrocephala. these are not a common cause of myiasis as they normally breed on carrion. in myiasis it is important to establish whether the larvae are invasive or not. a brief description of nasal myiasis is given.	1995	7652956
a preparation of the blowfly (calliphora erythrocephala) brain for in vitro electrophysiological and pharmacological studies.	we describe a method for the preparation and maintenance of the blowfly (calliphora erythrocephala) brain in a recording chamber under in vitro conditions in a semi-slice configuration. large identification neurones in the posterior part of the 3rd optic lobe (lobula plate) can be penetrated easily with microelectrodes. the so-called vertical system (vs) cells which respond to vertical image motion in vivo could be encountered best because their axons are escorted individually by specific trache ...	1995	7791363
the rpa (receptor potential absent) visual mutant of the blowfly (calliphora erythrocephala) is deficient in phospholipase c in the eye.	the rpa (receptor potential absent) mutation of the blowfly, calliphora erythrocephala, reduces the light-evoked responses of photoreceptor cells and renders the fly blind. this phenotype is similar to the phenotype caused by norpa mutations in drosophila which have been shown to occur within a gene encoding phospholipase c. in western blots, norpa antiserum stains a protein in homogenates of wild-type calliphora eye and head that is similar in molecular weight to the norpa protein. very little ...	1994	7965386
the sequence and expression pattern of the calliphora erythrocephala yolk protein a and b genes.	the yolk protein genes (yps) are expressed in a temporal, tissue- and sex-specific fashion in drosophila melanogaster. here we report the sequence of two related genes in calliphora erythrocephala. the predicted calliphora yolk protein (yp) sequences are well conserved, especially at the c-terminal end when compared to those of d. melanogaster and ceratitis capitata. database searches with the calliphora yolk protein b (ceypb) sequence identify the vertebrate lipase similarity reported for the y ...	1994	8007002
immunolocalization of na,k-atpase in blowfly photoreceptor cells.	the na,k-atpase (sodium pump) plays a central role in the physiology of arthropod photoreceptors as it re-establishes gradients for na+ and k+ after light stimulation. we have mapped the distribution of the na,k-atpase in the photoreceptors of the blowfly (calliphora erythrocephala) by immunofluorescent and immunogold cytochemistry, and demonstrate that the distribution pattern is more complex than previously presumed. high levels of sodium pumps have been detected consistently in all photorecep ...	1994	8111836
the primary structure of mantid opsin.	the sequence encoding opsin from the mantid sphodromantis sp. has been determined by dideoxynucleotide sequencing of pcr products from a cdna derived from eye cup tissue. the 376-amino-acid (aa) residues show approx. 56% identity and 85% similarity to known insect opsins (drosophila melanogaster and calliphora erythrocephala). the predicted protein structure, based on the hydropathy profile and placement of key aa residues, reveals a seven-transmembrane structure typical of a rhodopsin. unlike t ...	1994	8206378
characterisation of large second-order ocellar neurones of the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala	1. blowflies have twelve large, second-order ocellar neurones (l-neurones) with axons in the single ocellar nerve. these neurones have fairly restricted arborizations in the posterior slope neuropile of the protocerebrum and cell bodies in the nerve, near to the fused ocellar retinae. 2. like ocellar l-neurones of other insects, or large second-order neurones of the fly compound eye, blowfly l-neurones hyperpolarise in response to increases in light intensity and depolarise in response to decrea ...	1994	9317701
differential recovery of mrna transcripts using acid organic extraction techniques: quantification of abl mrna abundance in the blowfly, calliphora erythrocephala.	a commonly used rna isolation technique that employs a single-step acid phenol-chloroform extraction (chomczynski and sacchi, 1987) produces a different distribution pattern of c. erythrocephala c-abl (ceabl) transcripts following northern blot analysis than methods that rely on phenol-chloroform extraction at basic ph (jowett, 1986). only ceabl transcripts of 10.5 kb and 6.5 kb are recovered, while ceabl transcripts of 9 kb and 4.4 kb are lost, when acidic phenol-chloroform methods are used. al ...	1993	7763703
localization of subrhabdomeric haemolymph lacunae in the retina of drosophila melanogaster and calliphora erythrocephala.	the haemolymph of flies and other insects contains tyrosinase (ec 1.14.18.1), the rate-limiting enzyme in mammalian melanogenesis. after incubation with 5 mm l-dopa for several hours the endogenous tyrosinase of the haemolymph forms an electron dense reaction product. this method was used to localize spaces in the retina of the wild type and the white (w) mutant of drosophila melanogaster that are filled with haemolymph. a network of subrhabdomeric haemolymph lacunae was found. moreover it was f ...	1993	8270948
cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase: cytochemical localization in photoreceptor cells of the fly calliphora erythrocephala.	the distribution of cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity was determined in photoreceptor cells of the fly calliphora erythrocephala. with camp as substrate, staining was most intense within the phototransducing region of these cells, the rhabdomeral microvilli and also in the extracellular space surrounding the microvilli and in the mitochondria. with cgmp as substrate, the intensity within the rhabdomeres was less marked, while their extracellular surroundings were stained heavily ...	1993	8270949
an arrestin homolog of blowfly photoreceptors stimulates visual-pigment phosphorylation by activating a membrane-associated protein kinase.	an arrestin homolog (arr2, 49-kda protein) of blowfly (calliphora erythrocephala) retinae undergoes light-dependent reversible binding to the photoreceptor membrane. in order to characterize this arrestin homolog and to study its function in a well-defined experimental system, we developed a purification scheme which used microvillar photoreceptor membranes as an affinity binding matrix. additional purification steps included ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration and binding to heparin- ...	1993	8365418
aminergic neurons in the brain of blowflies and drosophila: dopamine- and tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons and their relationship with putative histaminergic neurons.	the distribution and morphology of neurons reacting with antisera against dopamine (da), tyrosine hydroxylase (th) and histamine (ha) were analyzed in the blowflies calliphora erythrocephala and phormia terraenovae. th-immunoreactive (thir) and ha-immunoreactive (hair) neurons were also mapped in the fruitfly drosophila melanogaster. the antisera against da and th specifically labeled the same neurons in the blowflies. about 300 neurons displayed da immunoreactivity (dair) and thir in the brain ...	1992	1346506
the specificity of yolk protein uptake in cyclorrhaphan diptera is conserved through evolution.	yolk proteins are transported from the hemolymph into the oocytes of insects during vitellogenesis by receptor-mediated endocytosis. since other hemolymph proteins, both native and foreign, are not accumulated in the oocyte, the process of uptake is selective for yolk proteins. peptide domains within the yolk proteins must therefore be involved in receptor recognition. with the long-term aim of identifying these domains and to open the possibility of understanding the molecular basis of receptor ...	1992	1487828
a soluble calcium-binding protein (scbp) present in drosophila melanogaster and calliphora erythrocephala muscle cells.	1. soluble calcium binding proteins (scbp) were isolated from homogenates of whole flies, from the thorax and from muscles of drosophila melanogaster and calliphora erythrocephala. 2. crude preparations were obtained by extraction at low ionic strength, acid and heat treatment. the drosophila protein was purified by gel filtration, hydrophobic interaction and ion exchange chromatography. in contrast to calmodulin the drosophila scbp did not bind to phenyl-sepharose in a ca(2+)-dependent way. 3. ...	1992	1499286
dual peptidergic innervation of the blowfly hindgut: a light- and electron microscopic study of fmrfamide and proctolin immunoreactive fibers.	1. the innervation of the hindgut, rectal valve, rectum and rectal papillae of the adult blowfly, calliphora erythrocephala, was studied by means of light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry, using antibodies against the neuropeptides proctolin and fmrfamide. 2. branches from the abdominal nerves reaching the posterior portion of the gut were found to contain mostly neurosecretory type axons and to innervate the muscle coat of all hindgut structures studied. 3. some of the axons found i ...	1991	1685428
cluster organization and response characteristics of the giant fiber pathway of the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala.	intersegmental descending neurons (dns) link the insect brain to the thoracic ganglia. iontophoresis of cobalt or fluorescent dyes reveals dns as uniquely identifiable elements, the dendrites of which are situated within a characteristic region of the lateral deutocerebrum. here we demonstrate that dns occur as discrete groups of elements termed dn clusters (dncs). a dnc is a characteristic combination of neurons that arises from a multiglomerular complex in which the main components of each glo ...	1990	2324334
dioptrics of the facet lenses of male blowflies calliphora and chrysomyia.	1. the dioptrics of the facet lenses of two blowfly species, calliphora erythrocephala and chrysomyia megacephala, was investigated. measurements were performed on facet lenses ranging in diameter from 20 to 80 microns. 2. the radius of curvature of the front surface of the facet lenses, measured by microreflectometry, increases approximately linearly with the facet lens diameter. 3. the optical path difference of the facet lens and water, measured by interference microscopy, depends on the dist ...	1990	2324995
on the effective optical density of the pupil mechanism in fly photoreceptors.	a simple electrophysiological method is described for determining the effective optical density of the intracellular pupil mechanism of insect photoreceptor cells. the method depends on the fact that the photoreceptors can not only be illuminated in the normal, orthodromic way, but also antidromically, i.e. from the back. two assumptions are made: (i) the receptor potential generating process is invariant for the direction of the incident light; (ii) the pupil mechanism is locally driven and onl ...	1990	2402890
dna sequence analysis of an abl-related gene in the blow fly, calliphora erythrocephala.	the ceabl locus is a member of a small family of abl-related sequences in c. erythrocephala. the catalytic, sh2 and sh3 domains of the ceabl-encoded protein show greater than 75% sequence identity to vertebrate abl protein tyrosine kinases and greater than 95% identity to the d. melanogaster abl polypeptide. ceabl diverges from the vertebrate proteins, however, at the extreme amino terminus, near the beginning of the vertebrate abl exon involved in differential splicing. the carboxyl region show ...	1990	1367423
lanthanum mimicks the trp photoreceptor mutant of drosophila in the blowfly calliphora.	the effect of lanthanum on the light response of blowfly (calliphora erythrocephala) photoreceptors was studied. the electrophysiological behaviour of the photoreceptors in the presence of la can be summarized as follows: 1. upon long stimulation the photoreceptors responded with a 'transient receptor potential', i.e. the cells depolarized at the onset of the stimulus and then repolarized to (or below) the resting potential. this effect was dependent on stimulus intensity and occurred only at hi ...	1989	2514264
vasopressin- and proctolin-like immunoreactive efferent neurons in blowfly abdominal ganglia: development and ultrastructure.	in the neural sheath of the fused thoracicoabdominal ganglia of the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala, extensive neurohaemal areas can be seen in the electron microscope. a separate set of neurohaemal areas located in the sheath of the lateral abdominal nerve roots contain neural terminals of at least three morphological types. to determine which bioactive substances are stored and possibly released from the neurons supplying these neurohaemal areas, we applied a large number of antisera raised ...	1989	2568372
neural circuits mediating visual flight control in flies. i. quantitative comparison of neural and behavioral response characteristics.	the motion-sensitive horizontal cells in the lobula plate of the fly are assumed to play a key role in the sensory control of yaw torque generated by the flying animal during course-stabilization maneuvers and the fixation of objects. this inference results from comparisons of electrophysiological data obtained from blowflies (calliphora erythrocephala) and behavioral data obtained mainly from houseflies (musca domestica) and fruitflies (drosophila melanogaster). apart from few exceptions, the c ...	1989	2585057
sequence of the calliphora erythrocephala 3b55 satellite: a sequence which is proportionately replicated and transcribed in germ-line polyploid nuclei.		1989	2587276
enigma of early receptor potential in fly eyes.	the early receptor potential (erp) of fly photoreceptors r1-6 has been recorded in the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala, and quantitatively analyzed. photoconversion of the native visual pigment (p) into the meta-state (m) does not induce a measurable erp. photoconversion of m into p induces a biphasic erp, presumably due to the slow thermal decay of intermediate n, recently discovered by roebroek, gagné and stavenga (1989). the experimentally measured erp's are interpreted with an rc-model whi ...	1989	2631387
gata tandem repeats detect minisatellite regions in blowfly dna (diptera: calliphoridae).	a dna probe containing gata tandem repeats detected numerous dispersed minisatellite regions in the genomes of the blowflies chrysomya rufifacies and calliphora erythrocephala. these regions seemed to be actively transcribed into poly(a)+ rna in a tissue-specific manner. when genomic dna of blastoderm embryos was compared with adult genomic dna some loci hybridizing to gata displayed a marked stage-specific variation in length. in calliphora, a small sex-linked dimorphism of gata mini-satellite- ...	1988	2894926
histamine-like immunoreactivity in photoreceptors of the compound eyes and ocelli of the flies calliphora erythrocephala and musca domestica.	antibodies to histamine were used for immunocytochemical studies of the visual system in the flies calliphora erythrocephala and musca domestica. specific immunolabeling of photoreceptors was found both in the compound eyes and ocelli of both species. in the compound eyes histamine-like immunoreactivity (ha-ir) was found in all the short visual fibers (photoreceptors r1-6) and one type of long visual fiber (photoreceptor r8). in addition, the ocellar photoreceptors also show ha-ir. in view of ea ...	1988	2902924
experimental reconstruction of calliphora erythrocephala and lucilia sericata life-cycles in the growth cabinet.		1988	2979436
light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry of peptidergic neurons innervating thoracico-abdominal neurohaemal areas in the blowfly.	ventral thoracic neurosecretory cells (vtncs) of the blowflies, calliphora erythrocephala and c. vomitoria, innervating thoracic neuropil and the dorsal neural sheath of the thoracico-abdominal ganglion have been shown to be immunoreactive to a variety of mammalian peptide antisera. in the neural sheath the vtnc terminals form an extensive neurohaemal network that is especially dense over the abdominal ganglia. the same areas are invaded by separate, but overlapping serotonin-immunoreactive (5-h ...	1988	3180185
light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of neurons in the blowfly optic lobe reacting with antisera to rfamide and fmrfamide.	different antisera to the molluscan cardioexcitatory peptide fmrfamide, and its fragment, rfamide (arg-phe-nh2), label a distinct population of neurons in the optic lobe of the blowfly, calliphora erythrocephala. seven morphological types of rfamide/fmrfamide-like immunoreactive neurons could be distinguished in the optic lobes based on the locations of their cell bodies, their axonal projections and the distribution of their processes. of these, two types could be resolved in their entire exten ...	1988	3200445
non-linearities in response properties of insect visual cells: an analysis in time and frequency domain.	intracellularly recorded voltage responses of the visual cells of the blowfly (calliphora erythrocephala) were analysed in the time and frequency domains. the photoreceptors were stimulated with pulse (impulse), sine, sine-sweep and pseudorandomly (white noise) modulated green light. the blowfly photoreceptor responses, as analysed from the linear transfer functions, seem to arise from a system similar to that of cascaded low-pass filters, with a corner frequency at about 63 hz (sd +/- 12 hz). t ...	1988	3223300
dopamine-immunoreactive neurons in the blowfly visual system: light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry.	dopamine-immunoreactive (da-ir) neurons were mapped in detail in the visual system of the blowfly, calliphora erythrocephala. three types of da-ir neurons could be identified in the optic lobes. one type constitutes a population of several thousand columnar small field amacrine neurons in the second neuropil region, the medulla. the other two types are large field projection neurons innervating the next, more central, synaptic region comprising the lobula and the lobula plate, as well as centres ...	1988	3270359
metamorphosis of identified neurons innervating thoracic neurohemal organs in the blowfly: transformation of cholecystokininlike immunoreactive neurons.	with antisera to gastrin/cholecystokinin, we studied the postembryonic development of neurons in the thoracic ganglia of the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala. there are some changes in the population of thoracico-abdominal neurons displaying gastrin/cck-like immunoreactivity (cckli): some cckli neurons cannot be found after pupariation; other neurons become immunoreactive during metamorphosis. six large thoracic cckli neurons could, however, be followed through metamorphosis. these cckli neuron ...	1988	3343405
quantitative analysis of resting membrane electrogenesis in insect (diptera) skeletal muscle. i. intracellular k+, na+ and cl- activities, measured using liquid ion-exchanger and neutral ion-carrier microelectrodes.	electrophysiological properties of skeletal body-wall muscles of prepupal calliphora erythrocephala were investigated using double-barrelled intracellular ion-sensitive microelectrodes. the most realistic estimate of the intracellular k+ activity, obtained using k+-sensitive microelectrodes based on a neutral carrier, was 115 mmoll-1. the k+ equilibrium potential was consistently more negative than the prevailing resting potential, the average difference being -15 mv. the intracellular na+ activ ...	1988	3404076
quantitative analysis of resting membrane electrogenesis in insect (diptera) skeletal muscle. ii. testing of a model involving contributions from potassium and sodium ions, and the anomalous effect of reducing extracellular sodium.	a model of resting membrane electrogenesis in skeletal muscles of prepupal calliphora erythrocephala was formulated. from experiments in which reversible effects of changing extracellular k+ and na+ activities on the membrane potential (em) were measured, three different values of alpha (the ratio of the partial permeabilities of the membrane to na+ and k+) were derived, each from a different range of extracellular na+ and k+ activities. two independent tests were carried out to determine the mo ...	1988	3404077
serotonin and gastrin/cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive neurons in the larval retrocerebral complex of the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala.	the presence and distribution of neurons immunoreactive against antibodies to serotonin (5-ht) and gastrin/cholecystokinin (gastrin/cck) has been studied in the larval retrocerebral complex of the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala, a composite structure which consists of the corpus cardiacum, the corpus allatum, the thoracic gland and a portion of the cephalic aorta. immunoreactive material was found in all these elements except in the corpus allatum. six to eight cell bodies in the corpus cardi ...	1988	3409294
genes with specific functions in the ovarian follicles of calliphora erythrocephala (diptera).	working with the large dipteran calliphora erythrocephala, we have performed differential screening to identify genes actively expressed in the previtellogenic and early vitellogenic stages of oogenesis but silent during the early stages of embryogenesis. clones containing sequences homologous to four such genes have been characterized. two clones are homologous to the yolk protein 1 gene of drosophila melanogaster. these two clones are expressed not only in the columnar follicle cells surroundi ...	1988	3417047
late asthmatic reactions due to larvae of calliphora erythrocephala used as fishing bait.	clinical characteristics of allergic asthma due to inhalation of insect antigens have been investigated very little. we describe two patients presenting with dyspnoea and wheezing several hours after exposure to larvae of calliphora erythrocephala used as fishing bait. both patients had a positive intradermal skin test and a high level of circulating ige to the specific allergen. bronchial challenge test with the whole larvae resulted in an isolated late response in one case, and in a dual respo ...	1987	3604840
proctolin-like immunoreactive neurons in the blowfly central nervous system.	the pentapeptide proctolin (h-arg-tyr-leu-pro-thr-oh) is a well-studied bioactive substance in insects. with an antiserum against proctolin we have mapped proctolinlike-immunoreactive (pli) neurons in the nervous system of the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala. in the brain, including the suboesophageal ganglia, 80-90 neurons were found to be pli. a further 200-250 pli neurons innervate the lobula of the optic lobe. the thoracic ganglia contain 100-130, and the abdominal ca. 60 pli neurons. in t ...	1987	3693615
receptor turnover and the action of 5-hydroxytryptamine on the salivary glands of the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala, the housefly musca domestica and frog skin epithelium.	1. continual stimulation of frog skin epithelium and the salivary glands of the insects calliphora and musca with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) leads to desensitisation, i.e. the tissue fails to respond to the application of further 5-ht. 2. incubation of desensitised frog skin and musca salivary glands with either n-acetyl neuraminic acid or inositol partially restored the 5-ht responses whilst incubation with a combination of n-acetyl neuraminic acid and inositol gave additive effects on the reco ...	1987	2893678
isolation and characterization of abl gene sequences in calliphora erythrocephala.	screening of genomic dna libraries with hybridization probes derived from a drosophila melanogaster c-abl proto-oncogene homologue resulted in the isolation of a set of related sequences from the dipteran calliphora erythrocephala. although the region encompassing the c-abl protein kinase domain encodes a polypeptide extremely similar to the drosophila gene, considerable inter- and intraspecific divergence is found adjacent to this region. restriction-site heterogeneity and cross-hybridization s ...	1987	3125084
3b55: a repetitious sequence family which is transcribed and proportionately replicated in germ-line polyploid nuclei of calliphora erythrocephala.	the chromosomes of dipteran polyploid nurse cell nuclei are functionally analogous to the oocyte lampbrush chromosomes of the amphibia. in investigating the transcriptional and replicative activity of these nuclei in calliphora erythrocephala we have identified a cloned highly repetitious dna fragment which shows enhanced transcriptional activity in these cells and different replicative behavior in these germ-line polyploid nuclei as opposed to somatic polytene nuclei. the clone, 3b55, contains ...	1986	3011566
the larval integument of calliphora erythrocephala meigen (diptera : calliphoridae) during metamorphosis. changes in macromolecular content and in incorporation rate of labelled precursors.	the amount of proteins, rna and dna in the larval integument of calliphora erythrocephala, decreased markedly when metamorphosis began. the total incorporation per epidermis of labelled precursors also decreased at this time, but far less in rna than in dna and proteins. thus, incorporation, when expressed in terms of specific activity, decreased in proteins, remained stable in dna and increased in rna. the significance of these results is discussed.	1986	2427358
photoreceptor redox state monitored in vivo by transmission and fluorescence microspectrophotometry in blowfly compound eyes.	the transmission and fluorescence of the compound eye of living, intact blowflies calliphora erythrocephala, mutant chalky, were studied microspectrophotometrically. transmission spectra were recorded under four conditions. the fly was either in the normal air environment or in a nitrogen atmosphere, and in both cases the investigated eye was adapted to red and blue light, respectively. the absorbance difference spectra obtained from the two chromatic adapted conditions showed the clear characte ...	1986	3716217
electron microscopic localization of chitin using colloidal gold labelled with wheat germ agglutinin.	the lectin wheat germ agglutinin (wga) has a binding site which is able to bind a sequence of three n-acetyl-glucosamine residues. therefore, it has a very strong affinity for the polymers of this sugar, especially chitin. colloidal gold can be labelled with wga and used as a specific electron-dense marker for the electron-microscopic localization of chitin. the specificity of the wga-gold binding can be checked by competitive inhibition with 5-10 mm triacetyl chitotriose. the reliability of thi ...	1986	3754855
dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-like immunoreactive neurons in two insect species, calliphora erythrocephala and periplaneta americana.	the localization of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in the cephalic central nervous system of the blowfly (calliphora erythrocephala) and the cockroach (periplaneta americana) was investigated. immunoreactive neurons were demonstrated in both species. the results were compared with the known distribution of catecholamines in the brain of both species. in certain cell groups and neuropilar regions of both species d beta h-immunoreactivity coincides with the presence of catecholamines. additionally d be ...	1985	3930439
the stiles-crawford effect in the eye of the blowfly, calliphora erythrocephala.	stiles-crawford-like effects (that is, directional sensitivity of the retina) were investigated in the fly's eye. intracellular recordings from the visual sense cells were made, and the radiation patterns emerging from the photoreceptors with antidromic light were photographed, and evaluated with a microdensitometer. the measurements from both methods agree well, and can be satisfactorily described by a theoretical model based on waveguide theory. clear radiation patterns from the first and seco ...	1985	4072011
a stochastic mechanism controls the relative replication of equally competent ribosomal rna gene sets in individual dipteran polyploid nuclei.	the endoreplication of the two nucleolar organizers (nos) of the diploid genome has been examined in individual polyploid nuclei of the dipteran calliphora erythrocephala. crosses between two strains with diagnostic nontranscribed spacer polymorphisms in their rrna genes were used to provide progeny with distinguishable nos, and single nuclei of two highly polyploid cell types--salivary gland and nurse cells--were examined from individual f1 animals. initially the representation of the two nos i ...	1985	2991906
both nucleolar organizers are replicated in dipteran polyploid tissues: a study at the level of individual nuclei.	working with the dipteran calliphora erythrocephala, we have tested the hypothesis that only one nucleolar organizer region (no) is replicated during polyploidization. no replication was examined in two very different highly polyploid nuclear types: salivary gland nuclei and nurse cell nuclei. two strains of the organism containing no regions with highly diagnostic nontranscribed spacer (nts) polymorphisms were prepared and reciprocal single pair-matings between members of the strains were perfo ...	1985	2996977
morphological correlates of visual pigment turnover in photoreceptors of the fly, calliphora erythrocephala.	the content of visual pigment in one eye of calliphora 'chalky' was measured spectrophotometrically and related to the ultrastructure of the other eye and the density of membrane particles as revealed by the freeze-fracture technique. electron microscopy of thin-sectioned material showed that the manifestations of synthesis and breakdown of photoreceptor membrane were most prominent in flies kept in blue light, in comparison to flies kept in green light or darkness, in which only a moderate brea ...	1984	6733755
conserved 5' flank homologies in dipteran 5s rna genes that would function on 'a' form dna.	we have sequenced the 480 base pair (bp) repeating unit of the 5s rna genes of the dipteran fly calliphora erythrocephala and compared this sequence to the three known 5s rna gene sequences from the dipteran genus drosophila (1,2). a striking series of five perfectly conserved homologies identically positioned within the 5' flanks of all four dipteran 5s rna coding regions has thus been identified. the spacing (12-13 bp) between all of these homologies is typical of a form rather than b form dna ...	1984	6209610
the intron boundaries and flanking rrna coding sequences of calliphora erythrocephala rdna.	we have sequenced the available cloned examples of the intron-coding sequence junctions for the rdna of the higher dipteran, calliphora erythrocephala. the introns interrupt the rdna at the same position as the type 1 intron family detected in drosophila melanogaster and d. virilis (10,11). a duplication of 14 base pairs of the 28s rrna coding sequence surrounds a short version of the major genomic length class of introns. this same duplication is associated with boundaries of the type 1 introns ...	1984	6322117
ultrastructural demonstration of serotonin-immunoreactivity in the nervous system of an insect (calliphora erythrocephala).	serotonin (5-ht) immunocytochemistry, was performed on the whole dissected nervous system of the blowfly. employing the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique and osmium postfixation, it was possible to examine 5-ht-immunoreactive neuronal elements first light microscopically in 25 microns sections, and, after re-embedding, to analyze the same sections electron microscopically in ultrathin sections. we describe the ultrastructure of 5-ht-positive terminals in the neural sheath of peripheral nerves ...	1984	6384830
different chromatin states of the intron- and type 1 intron+ rrna genes of calliphora erythrocephala.	in most species of dipteran fly examined, a fraction of the rdna cistrons are interrupted by introns. these dipteran intron+ rrna genes are unique in that they are transcriptionally inactive. previous studies have investigated the mechanism underlying this transcriptional repression for rrna genes carrying the best characterized sequence family of such introns, the so-called type 1 introns first identified in drosophila melanogaster. these studies have established that cloned examples of both in ...	1984	6510114
spectral sensitivity in insect photoreceptors at a range of temperatures.	the function of the visual receptors of blowflies (calliphora erythrocephala) was studied using intracellular recording techniques where by the eye was kept at various temperatures below room temperature. cooling was found to reduce the response amplitude, decrease the time course, and increase the latency. the q10 as calculated from different recordings and from various temperature steps was found to be dependent both on the temperature range and the stimulation intensity, although more on the ...	1984	6596867
a new, possibly serotonergic, neuron in the lamina of the blowfly optic lobe: an immunocytochemical and golgi-em study.	with a modified golgi impregnation technique a new neuron type, with extensive tangential processes, was discovered in the optic lamina of the blowfly, calliphora erythrocephala. this cell is unusual since the majority of its varicose processes reside in a layer distal to the synaptic layer of the lamina. using antibodies to 5-ht it was found that this new cell type was 5-ht immunoreactive, and varicosities of golgi impregnated neurons analyzed electron-microscopically contain dense core vesicle ...	1983	6652496
lampbrush chromosomes in the meroistic ovaries of the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala.		1983	6668203
integumental chitin synthase activity in cell-free extracts of larvae of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, and two other species of diptera.	chitin synthase activity has been demonstrated in crude homogenates of larval integuments from l. cuprina and in similar preparations from musca domestica and calliphora erythrocephala. this is the first report of an insect integumental chitin synthase. this activity brings about the incorporation of radioactivity from udp-n-acetyl-[14c]glucosamine into an ethanol- and alkali-insoluble form. a major part of this labelled product has been characterized as chitin by its insolubility in alkali, res ...	1983	6228213
cobalt-immunocytochemical identification of peptidergic neurons in calliphora innervating central and peripheral targets.	certain neurons of the blowfly, calliphora erythrocephala, show immunoreactivity to anti-gastrin/cholecystokinin (cck) cooh terminal specific antisera. however, as is common to immunocytochemical staining, much of the structure of the immunoreactive neurons escapes detection. we describe here whole-neuron identification by backfilling with co2+ and subsequent silver reduction, combined with immunocytochemistry of the filled cells. cobalt-silver filled neurons can be examined directly by fluoresc ...	1983	6196455
polyamines in early embryonic development: their relationship to nuclear multiplication rate, cell cycle traverse, and nucleolar formation in a dipteran egg.	polyamine synthesis and accumulation were assessed from fertilization until gastrulation in a dipteran egg (calliphora erythrocephala meigen). spermidine synthesis was activated immediately after fertilization, generating a broad spermidine peak during early cleavage. this period is characterized by the most rapid nuclear multiplication known from animal material. cleavage consists of nuclear multiplication only, and the egg remains syncytial until gastrulation. after nine synchronous nuclear di ...	1983	6825935
comparative study of hemocytes and associated cells of some medically important dipterans.	the aim of this work is to study, characterize, and compare different morphological types of hemocytes of glossina austeni, g. morsitans, calliphora erythrocephala, stomoxys calcitrans, lucilia sericata, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus. this information is intended to provide a basis for future studies of the cellular defense mechanisms of these dipterans. seven morphological types of hemocytes were identified by phase-contrast optics: prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, thrombocytoids, granu ...	1982	6764649
permeability of gap junctions at the segmental border in insect epidermis.	we have examined cell-cell communication between epidermal cells of fifth-instar larvae of the milkweed bug oncopeltus fasciatus and those of maggots of the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala. ionic coupling and the transfer of injected lucifer yellow (molecular weight 450) and lead-edta (molecular weight 374) were used to map the pattern of communication. all epidermal cells, regardless of their position with respect to the segmental border, were ionically coupled. in both species lucifer yellow ...	1982	7060129
refractive index of the fly rhabdomere.	the refractive index and the diameter of the fly rhabdomere were determined by comparing the experimental results derived from interference microscopy with the results of theoretical study on the scattering of plane waves by a homogeneous, isotropic cylindrical dielectric rod. it was found that the refractive index of the isolated rhabdomere of calliphora erythrocephala is 1.363 +/- 0.003 in an area of the rhabdomere where its diameter is calculated to be 1.32 +/- 0.04 micrometers.	1982	7097383
morphological differentiation of the central visual cells r7/8 in various regions of the blowfly eye.	the central rhabdomeres in the retina of the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala and the house fly musca domestica are not structurally uniform. in calliphora, four classes of central rhabdomeres were found; they are formed by a total of seven types of central visual cells, clearly distinguished by the following structural features: length of the rhabdomeres r7 or r8, position of the nucleus, rhabdomere twist, fine structure in the r7/r8 transition region, and cross-sectional area of the rhabdomer ...	1982	7112539
phosphatidylinositol-hydrolysing enzymes in blowfly salivary glands.	the salivary glands of adult blowflies (calliphora erythrocephala) contain enzymes that hydrolyse phosphatidylinositol, predominantly by a ca2+-independent deacylation, though a ca2+-dependent phosphodiesterase (phospholipase c) activity could be detected. the deacylating enzymes could also hydrolyse phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, and were secreted in the saliva. homogenization of salivary glands prelabelled with [3h]inositol resulted in a rapid deacylation of the endogenous 3 ...	1982	6288018
the ribosomal dna of calliphora erythrocephala. the cistron classes of total genomic dna.		1981	7310879
gastrin/cholecystokinin (cck)-like immunoreactive neurones in the brain of the blowfly, calliphora erythrocephala (diptera).		1981	7011897
proteolytic activity of blowfly larvae secretions in experimental burns.	secretions of larvae of the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala digested experimental rat skin burn eschar in vivo and in vitro when applied topically in a vanishing cream base. debridement was characterized by de-epithelialization and digestion of dermal collagen to a subfollicular level over a 3-day period. analytic investigation of the secretions demonstrated the presence of enzymes with activities characteristic of trypsin, leucine aminopeptidase, and carboxypeptidases a and b. these were part ...	1981	7029766
correlation of hnrnp structure and nascent transcript cleavage.	using electron microscopy of spread chromatin, we have observed nonnucleolar transcription units from drosophila melanogaster and calliphora erythrocephala that display specific cleavage of nascent transcripts. we have quantitatively analyzed 20 of these relatively long transcription units. the primary rnp structure of homologous transcripts is nonrandom with respect to both rna sequence and the cleavage event. in general, released rna fragments have a smooth fibrillar rnp morphology (approximat ...	1981	6174239
length variation in the non-transcribed spacer of calliphora erythrocephala ribosomal dna is due to a 350 base-pair repeat.		1981	6267296
changes in cyclic amp and cyclic gmp concentrations during the action of 5-hydroxytryptamine on an insect salivary gland.	salivary glands from adult blowflies (calliphora erythrocephala meigen) were studied in vitro. the time course of changes in cyclic amp content of the glands was followed at different concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine. there was an immediate biphasic rise and fall in cyclic amp content, following by a slower rise and subsequent gradual decline. the initial rise preceded the onset of fluid secretion by the glands. rises in cyclic amp content were inhibited by compound rmi 12330 a (an adenylate ...	1980	6272697
the ribosomal dna of calliphora erythrocephala; and analysis of hybrid plasmids containing ribosomal dna.		1980	6267288
pharmacokinetics of dieldrin with special reference to its metabolism in the epicuticular wax layer in calliphora erythrocephala.		1980	7190112
the effect of chloramphenicol, ethidium bromide and cycloheximide on mortality and mitochondrial protein synthesis of adult blowflies.	the effects of cycloheximide, chloramphenicol and ethidium bromide on the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala were studied. in the first set of experiments, toxic levels were determined by examining activity and mortality of flies after injection of various doses of each drug. in the second set of experiments, the effect of drug treatment on flight muscle mitochondrial protein synthesis was determined in relation to age by following the incorporation of radioactively labelled amino acid, [3h]leuci ...	1980	7364884
biochemical and ultrastructural studies on flight muscle mitochondria from the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala following treatment by chloramphenicol and ethidium bromide.	adult blowflies were injected during the first day after eclosion with various concentrations of the drugs chloramphenicol and ethidium bromide. previous experiments had shown that these drugs inhibit mitochondrial protein synthesis and at high doses increase mortality. mitochondria isolated from blowflies 24 h after drug injection revealed a considerable decrease in oxidation rates when pyruvate plus proline were used as substrates. there was also a reduction up to 50% in the respiratory contro ...	1980	7364885
localisation of pancreatic polypeptide (pp)-like immunoreactive material in neurones of the brain of the blowfly, calliphora erythrocephala (diptera).	the brain of the blowfly, calliphora erythrocephala, has been studied by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical method, with the use of antibodies to bovine pancreatic polypeptide (bpp). a number of immunoreactive neurones have been localised, some corresponding to neurones previously identified tentatively as neurosecretory. this finding is further evidence that biologically active peptides, previously considered to be "vertebrates", also exist in invertebrates. it also suppo ...	1980	7407856
polar granules and pole cells in the embryo of calliphora erythrocephala: ultrastructure and [3h]leucine labelling.	the polar granules in calliphora undergo a gradual fragmentation during early cleavage, but reaggregate after pole-cell formation. autoradiographic analysis showed that the pole cells in calliphora acquire a higher [3h]leucine label than the rest of the embryo during the blastoderm stage. such an increased label was not seen in the pole plasm before pole-cell formation or in the pole cells during gastrulation. electron microscopic autoradiography revealed that the polar granules are substantiall ...	1980	7437098