Publications

demonstration of a protein synthesis in starved campylobacter jejuni cells.	for many years, environmental microbiologists working on water samples, have reported differences between bacterial counts performed by culture and by microscopy. these observations have led to the demonstration of the viable but non-culturable (vnc) state in bacteria. some hygienist specialists underlined the risk presented by pathogenic bacteria in the vnc state. the vnc state in bacteria has been studied by a number of authors, but the relation between vnc state and bacterial stress response ...	2000	10791718
characterisation of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) mutants of campylobacter jejuni.	in order to assess the contribution of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) to the toxigenicity and pathogenicity of campylobacter jejuni, the c. jejuni 81-176 and c. jejuni nctc 11168 cdts were inactivated by insertional mutation of the cdtb toxin subunit. cell-free sonicates from isogenic c. jejuni 81-176 cdtb- strains were found to be greatly attenuated in hela cytotoxicity assays, whilst still retaining some toxigenicity. sonicates from a c. jejuni nctc 11168 cdtb- strain produced no detectable ...	2000	10798561
multiplex pcr detection of campylobacter jejuni and arcobacter butzleri in food products.	arcobacter is a recently described species, previously considered part of the campylobacter family. a sensitive assay such as that provided by pcr could help to distinguish the closely related arcobacter from campylobacter. a pcr method to specifically detect both campylobacter jejuni and arcobacter butzleri in the same reaction tube has been developed. c. jejuni and a. butzleri were inoculated into a range of dairy products, raw and ready-to-eat foods. the presence of these two organisms was de ...	2000	10799270
intestinal secretory immunoglobulin a response to enteroaggregative escherichia coli in travelers with diarrhea.	we examined stool samples from travelers for secretory immunoglobulin a (siga) to enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) during episodes of acute diarrhea. ten paired samples from 10 patients with diarrhea caused by eaec were examined for the presence of specific siga by dot blot and western blot immunoassays. five samples were positive by dot blotting, and two samples were positive by western blotting.	2000	10799468
the gale gene of campylobacter jejuni is involved in lipopolysaccharide synthesis and virulence.	lipopolysaccharide (lps) is one of the main virulence factors of gram-negative bacteria. the lps from campylobacter spp. has endotoxic properties and has been shown to play a role in adhesion. we previously cloned a gene cluster (wla) which is involved in the synthesis of the campylobacter jejuni 81116 lps molecule. sequence alignment of the first gene in this cluster indicated similarity with gale genes. these genes encode a udp-glucose 4-epimerase, which catalyzes the interconversion of udp-ga ...	2000	10768949
role of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase in oxidative stress and virulence of streptococcus pneumoniae.	streptococcus pneumoniae was shown to contain two types of superoxide dismutase, mnsod and fesod. levels of mnsod increased during growth in an aerobic environment. the soda gene, encoding mnsod, of virulent s. pneumoniae type 2 strain d39 was inactivated to give mutant d39hy1. aerobically, d39hy1 had a lower growth rate than the wild type and exhibited susceptibility to the redox-active compound paraquat, but anaerobic growth of d39hy1 was identical to that of the wild type. virulence studies s ...	2000	10768978
antibiotic resistance trends in enteropathogenic bacteria isolated in 1985-1987 and 1995-1998 in barcelona.	trends in resistance to antimicrobial agents used for therapy have been evaluated with 3,797 enteropathogenic bacteria, campylobacter, salmonella, shigella, and yersinia, between 1985-1987 and 1995-1998. the greater increase in the rate of resistance was observed in campylobacter jejuni for quinolones (from 1 to 82%) and tetracycline (from 23 to 72%) and in gastroenteric salmonellae for ampicillin (from 8 to 44%), chloramphenicol (from 1.7 to 26%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and nalidixic ...	2000	10770742
rapid and specific enzyme immunoassay on hydrophobic grid membrane filter for detection and enumeration of thermophilic campylobacter spp. from milk and chicken rinses.	six commercially available anti-campylobacter antibodies were examined for their applicability in an enzyme immunoassay on hydrophobic grid membrane filters, both for the detection and enumeration of campylobacter spp. when a panel of nine campylobacter (seven campylobacter jejuni and two campylobacter coli) and eight non-campylobacter strains were used in a dot-blot format enzyme immunoassay to test the specificity of these antibodies, only one polyclonal antibody (biodesign) detected all campy ...	2000	10772214
another unusual type of citric acid cycle enzyme in helicobacter pylori: the malate:quinone oxidoreductase.	the only enzyme of the citric acid cycle for which no open reading frame (orf) was found in the helicobacter pylori genome is the nad-dependent malate dehydrogenase. here, it is shown that in this organism the oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate is catalyzed by a malate:quinone oxidoreductase (mqo). this flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent membrane-associated enzyme donates electrons to quinones of the electron transfer chain. similar to succinate dehydrogenase, it is part of both the electron ...	2000	10809701
differences in genotypes of helicobacter pylori from different human populations.	dna motifs at several informative loci in more than 500 strains of helicobacter pylori from five continents were studied by pcr and sequencing to gain insights into the evolution of this gastric pathogen. five types of deletion, insertion, and substitution motifs were found at the right end of the h. pylori cag pathogenicity island. of the three most common motifs, type i predominated in spaniards, native peruvians, and guatemalan ladinos (mixed amerindian-european ancestry) and also in native a ...	2000	10809702
cramping pain and prolonged elevation of serum creatine kinase levels in a patient with guillain-barré syndrome following campylobacter jejuni enteritis.	we describe a patient with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) following campylobacter jejuni enteritis, accompanied with severe cramping pain and a marked increase in serum creatine kinase (ck) levels. both conditions became evident three weeks after the onset of gbs and continued for longer than one month. in this patient, it is possible that rapid extensive denervation due to severe axonal degeneration of motor nerve terminals might have caused hyperexcitability in regional muscles, leading to recu ...	2000	10809924
antibody repertoire development in fetal and newborn piglets, iii. colonization of the gastrointestinal tract selectively diversifies the preimmune repertoire in mucosal lymphoid tissues.	changes in the vh-region repertoire of isolator piglets reared for 6 weeks under germ-free (gf) conditions and those colonized (col) with a defined exclusion flora on the 1st day of life were compared. although serum immunoglobulin levels were 20-100-fold higher in col piglets than gf piglets, an analysis of peripheral blood b cells (pbbs) indicated that: gf and col piglets used the same four vh genes and two dh segments during the 6-week period; proportional usage of vh genes and dh segments wa ...	2000	10809967
sequential inactivation of rdxa (hp0954) and frxa (hp0642) nitroreductase genes causes moderate and high-level metronidazole resistance in helicobacter pylori.	helicobacter pylori is a human-pathogenic bacterial species that is subdivided geographically, with different genotypes predominating in different parts of the world. here we test and extend an earlier conclusion that metronidazole (mtz) resistance is due to mutation in rdxa (hp0954), which encodes a nitroreductase that converts mtz from prodrug to bactericidal agent. we found that (i) rdxa genes pcr amplified from 50 representative mtz(r) strains from previously unstudied populations in asia, s ...	2000	10960091
classification of antibiotic resistance patterns of indicator bacteria by discriminant analysis: use in predicting the source of fecal contamination in subtropical waters.	the antibiotic resistance patterns of fecal streptococci and fecal coliforms isolated from domestic wastewater and animal feces were determined using a battery of antibiotics (amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, erythromycin, streptomycin, and vancomycin) at four concentrations each. the sources of animal feces included wild birds, cattle, chickens, dogs, pigs, and raccoons. antibiotic resistance patterns of fecal streptococci and fecal colifor ...	2000	10966379
development of a fluorogenic 5' nuclease pcr assay for detection of the ail gene of pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica.	in this report we describe the development and evaluation of a fluorogenic pcr assay for the detection of pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica. the assay targets the chromosomally encoded attachment and invasion gene, ail. three primer-probe sets (tm1, tm2, and tm3) amplifying different, yet overlapping, regions of ail were examined for their specificity and sensitivity. all three primer-probe sets were able to detect between 0.25 and 0.5 pg of purified y. enterocolitica dna. tm1 identified all 26 ...	2000	10966386
contribution of dps to acid stress tolerance and oxidative stress tolerance in escherichia coli o157:h7.	an escherichia coli o157:h7 dps::npti mutant (frik 47991) was generated, and its survival was compared to that of the parent in hcl (synthetic gastric fluid, ph 1.8) and hydrogen peroxide (15 mm) challenges. the survival of the mutant in log phase (5-h culture) was significantly impaired (4-log(10)-cfu/ml reduction) compared to that of the parent strain (ca. 1.0-log(10)-cfu/ml reduction) after a standard 3-h acid challenge. early-stationary-phase cells (12-h culture) of the mutant decreased by c ...	2000	10966408
amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from chickens and from patients with gastroenteritis or guillain-barré or miller fisher syndrome.	the high-resolution genotyping method of amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis was used to study the genetic relationships between campylobacter jejuni strains infecting chickens (n = 54) and those causing gastroenteritis in humans (n = 53). in addition, c. jejuni strains associated with the development of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) (n = 14) and miller fisher syndrome (mfs) (n = 4), two related acute paralytic syndromes in human, were included. strains were isolated between 1 ...	2000	10966409
application of the 5'-nuclease pcr assay in evaluation and development of methods for quantitative detection of campylobacter jejuni.	campylobacter jejuni is recognized as a leading human food-borne pathogen. traditional diagnostic testing for c. jejuni is not reliable due to special growth requirements and the possibility that this bacterium can enter a viable but nonculturable state. nucleic acid-based tests have emerged as a useful alternative to traditional enrichment testing. in this article, we present a 5'-nuclease pcr assay for quantitative detection of c. jejuni and describe its evaluation. a probe including positions ...	2000	10966425
quantitative immunocapture pcr assay for detection of campylobacter jejuni in foods.	the rapid detection of food-borne bacterial pathogens as part of a quality control program is necessary for the maintenance of a safe food supply. in this report, we present our findings for an immunocapture pcr method for the detection of campylobacter jejuni in foods. the method permits direct detection of the pathogen without an enrichment step and can be performed in approximately 8 h. assay results are quantitative, and one cell in a milliliter sample can be detected. application of the met ...	2000	10966437
outbreak of campylobacter infection in a subartic community.	a presumably waterborne outbreak of campylobacter jejuni/coli infection in a subarctic community is described. drinking water supplied to residents was delivered unchlorinated during a 4-week period. no campylobacter sp. was recovered from the water supply. three hundred thirty individuals (15% of the 2,200 exposed) became ill. diarrhoea, abdominal pain, fever, nausea and joint pain occurred in 81%, 30%, 29%, 43% and 21%, respectively. nine percent reported swelling of joints, and two cases of r ...	2000	10968326
phenotypic and genotypic diversity of the flagellin gene (flic) among clostridium difficile isolates from different serogroups.	phenotypic and genotypic diversity of the flagellin gene (flic) of clostridium difficile was studied in 47 isolates from various origins belonging to the serogroups a, b, c, d, f, g, h, i, k, x, and s3. electron microscopy revealed 17 nonflagellated strains and 30 flagellated strains. pcr and reverse transcription-pcr demonstrated that the flagellin gene was present in all strains and that the flic gene was expressed in both flagellated and nonflagellated strains. southern blotting showed the pr ...	2000	10970353
comparative fingerprinting analysis of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni strains by amplified-fragment length polymorphism genotyping.	amplified-fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis with the endonucleases bglii and mfei was used to genotype 91 campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni strains from outbreaks and sporadic cases. aflp-generated fragments were labeled with fluorescent dye and separated by capillary electrophoresis. the software packages genescan and gelcompar ii were used to calculate aflp pattern similarities and to investigate phylogenetic relationships among the genotyped strains. the aflp method was compared w ...	2000	10970387
automated 5' nuclease pcr assay for identification of salmonella enterica.	a simple and ready-to-go test based on a 5' nuclease (taqman) pcr technique was developed for identification of presumptive salmonella enterica isolates. the results were compared with those of conventional methods. the taqman assay was evaluated for its ability to accurately detect 210 s. enterica isolates, including 100 problematic "rough" isolates. an internal positive control was designed to use the same salmonella primers for amplification of a spiked nonrelevant template (116 bp) in the sa ...	2000	10970396
efficient isolation of campylobacteria from stools.		2000	10979752
characteristics of the aerobic respiratory chains of the microaerophiles campylobacter jejuni and helicobacter pylori.	the respiratory chain enzymes of microaerophilic bacteria should play a major role in their adaptation to growth at low oxygen tensions. the genes encoding the putative nadh:quinone reductases (ndh-1), the ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductases (bc1 complex) and the terminal oxidases of the microaerophiles campylobacter jejuni and helicobacter pylori were analysed to identify structural elements that may be required for their unique energy metabolism. the gene clusters encoding ndh-1 in both c. ...	2000	10985736
binding of ferric enterobactin by the escherichia coli periplasmic protein fepb.	the periplasmic protein fepb of escherichia coli is a component of the ferric enterobactin transport system. we overexpressed and purified the binding protein 23-fold from periplasmic extracts by ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatographic methods, with a yield of 20%, to a final specific activity of 15,500 pmol of ferric enterobactin bound/mg. periplasmic fluid from cells overexpressing the binding protein adsorbed catecholate ferric siderophores with high affinity: in a gel filtration c ...	2000	10986237
an integron cassette carrying dfr1 with 90-bp repeat sequences located on the chromosome of trimethoprim-resistant isolates of campylobacter jejuni.	the frequent occurrence of high-level trimethoprim resistance in clinical isolates of campylobacter jejuni was shown to be related to the acquisition of foreign resistance genes (dfrl or dfr9 or both) coding for resistant variants of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, the target of trimethoprim. the dfr1 gene detected on the chromosome of 40 different clinical strains of c. jejuni was studied further regarding structure and genetic organization. most of the dfr1 genes were found as integron cas ...	2000	10990262
unusual t cell receptor phenotype v gene usage of gamma delta t cells in a line derived from the peripheral nerve of a patient with guillain-barré syndrome.	guillain-barré syndrome is considered to be an immune mediated disorder but the relative role of t cells and antibodies in its pathogenesis is unclear. as gut infection with campylobacter jejuni is the most common antecedent infection it is possible that gut derived t lymphocytes might play a part in the development of the syndrome. the t cell receptor phenotype (tcr) of a nerve gamma delta t cell line obtained from a sural nerve biopsy taken from a patient with a demyelinating form of gbs was d ...	2000	10990516
evaluation of nitrofurantoin combination therapy of metronidazole-sensitive and -resistant helicobacter pylori infections in mice.	the main objectives of this study were to determine whether the nitroreductase enzyme encoded by the rdxa gene of helicobacter pylori was responsible for reductive activation of nitrofurantoin and whether a triple-therapy regimen with nitrofurantoin was able to eradicate metronidazole-sensitive and -resistant h. pylori infections from mice. the susceptibilities to nitrofurantoin of parent and isogenic rdxa mutant strains (three pairs), as well as a series of matched metronidazole-sensitive and - ...	2000	10991835
characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance among veterinary isolates of avian escherichia coli.	fluoroquinolone-resistant avian escherichia coli isolates from northern georgia were investigated for gyra and parc mutations. all isolates contained a mutation in gyra replacing ser83 with leu; seven isolates also contained mutations replacing asp87 with either gly or tyr. random amplified polymorphic dna analysis revealed that quinolone-resistant e. coli isolates were genetically diverse.	2000	10991884
campylobacter fetus sap inversion occurs in the absence of reca function.	phase variation of campylobacter fetus surface layer proteins (slps) occurs by inversion of a 6.2-kb dna segment containing the unique sap promoter, permitting expression of a single slp-encoding gene. previous work has shown that the c. fetus sap inversion system is reca dependent. when we challenged a pregnant ewe with a reca mutant of wild-type c. fetus (strain 97-211) that expressed the 97-kda slp, 15 of the 16 ovine-passaged isolates expressed the 97-kda protein. however, one strain (97-209 ...	2000	10992468
sequence polymorphism, predicted secondary structures, and surface-exposed conformational epitopes of campylobacter major outer membrane protein.	the major outer membrane protein (momp), a putative porin and a multifunction surface protein of campylobacter jejuni, may play an important role in the adaptation of the organism to various host environments. to begin to dissect the biological functions and antigenic features of this protein, the gene (designated cmp) encoding momp was identified and characterized from 22 strains of c. jejuni and one strain of c. coli. it was shown that the single-copy cmp locus encoded a protein with character ...	2000	10992471
[peracute mortality in common cranes (grus grus)].	out of a nonbreeding group of cranes, 10 birds died peracutely at the end of april 1998. the pathological investigation showed changes in the intestine, liver and kidneys caused probably by an intoxication; but corresponding analyses did not result in a specified poison. the proof of e. coli, cl. perfringens and campylobacter jejuni is to be interpreted as a subordinate result. 7 of 8 cranes had a low to high infestation with endoparasites (porrocaeum spp., eimeria pusilla, echinostoma spp.). 5 ...	2000	10994255
[a case report of bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis with positive anti gq 1 b, gt 1 a, gm 1 ganglioside antibodies].	patient was an 18-year-old female student. after she had symptoms of common cold for 3 days, she developed somnolence, diplopia, dysarthria, urinary disturbance and ataxia. on admission neurological examination revealed coma with mydriasis, ophthalmoplegia, ptosis and weakness of the upper limbs. light reflex, corneal reflex and oculocephalic test were all negative. deep tendon reflexes were brisk and extensor toe signs were positive bilaterally. she did not have nuchal rigidity. laboratory test ...	2000	11002482
haemophilus influenzae infection and guillain-barré syndrome.	it has been reported recently that haemophilus influenzae can elicit an axonal form of guillain-barré syndrome. to investigate the incidence and features of h. influenzae-related guillain-barré syndrome, anti-h. influenzae antibody titres were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in 46 consecutive japanese patients with guillain-barré syndrome, 49 normal controls, 24 patients with multiple sclerosis and 27 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als). whole bacteria of non- ...	2000	11004133
evidence of a role for lytb in the nonmevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis.	it is proposed that the lytb gene encodes an enzyme of the deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate (doxp) pathway that catalyzes a step at or subsequent to the point at which the pathway branches to form isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (dmapp). a mutant of the cyanobacterium synechocystis strain pcc 6803 with an insertion in the promoter region of lytb grew slowly and produced greenish-yellow, easily bleached colonies. insertions in the coding region of lytb were lethal. supplement ...	2000	11004185
new virulence-activated and virulence-repressed genes identified by systematic gene inactivation and generation of transcriptional fusions in bordetella pertussis.	an in silico scan of the partially completed genome sequence of bordetella pertussis and analyses of transcriptional fusions generated with a new integrational vector were used to identify new potential virulence genes. the genes encoding a putative siderophore receptor, adhesins, and an autotransporter protein appeared to be regulated in a manner similar to bordetella virulence genes by the global virulence regulator bvgas. in contrast, the gene encoding a putative intimin-like protein appeared ...	2000	11004193
roles of a conserved arginine residue of dsbb in linking protein disulfide-bond-formation pathway to the respiratory chain of escherichia coli.	the active-site cysteines of dsba, the periplasmic disulfide-bond-forming enzyme of escherichia coli, are kept oxidized by the cytoplasmic membrane protein dsbb. dsbb, in turn, is oxidized by two kinds of quinones (ubiquinone for aerobic and menaquinone for anaerobic growth) in the electron-transport chain. we describe the isolation of dsbb missense mutations that change a highly conserved arginine residue at position 48 to histidine or cysteine. in these mutants, dsbb functions reasonably well ...	2000	11005861
determination of the incidence of salmonella spp., campylobacter jejuni, and clostridium perfringens in wild birds near broiler chicken houses by sampling intestinal droppings.	several methods were evaluated for collecting fecal and intestinal samples from wild birds found near broiler chicken houses. a few intestinal samples and cloacal swabs were obtained from european starlings and house sparrows. most of the samples collected consisted of wild bird droppings found on or near the houses. samples were collected from each of four farms of a broiler integrator during a grow-out cycle: a cycle in the summer for farm a, fall for farm b, and spring, summer, fall, and wint ...	2000	11007026
application of 5'-nuclease pcr for quantitative detection of listeria monocytogenes in pure cultures, water, skim milk, and unpasteurized whole milk.	pcr techniques have significantly improved the detection and identification of bacterial pathogens. countless adaptations and applications have been described, including quantitative pcr and the latest innovation, real-time pcr. in real-time pcr, e.g., the 5'-nuclease chemistry renders the automated and direct detection and quantification of pcr products possible (p. m. holland et al., proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 88:7276-7280, 1991). we present an assay for the quantitative detection of listeria ...	2000	11010869
mrna detection by reverse transcription-pcr for monitoring viability over time in an enterococcus faecalis viable but nonculturable population maintained in a laboratory microcosm.	the viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state is a survival strategy adopted by bacteria when they are exposed to hostile environmental conditions. it has been shown that vbnc forms of bacteria are no longer capable of growing on conventional bacteriological media but conserve pathogenic factors and/or genes. it is thus necessary to develop methods capable of detecting nonculturable bacteria and of establishing their viability when the microbiological quality of environments is monitored. in this st ...	2000	11010918
antibodies, directed towards campylobacter jejuni antigens, in sera from poultry abattoir workers.	occupational exposure of susceptible humans to campylobacter jejuni appears to result in resistance to disease. this is believed to be due to acquired protective immunity. to support this hypothesis the levels of c. jejuni-specific igg and igm antibodies were determined in sera from poultry abattoir workers. such individuals are persistently exposed to c. jejuni, but apparently rarely acquire campylobacteriosis. sera from 43 short-term workers (employed < or = 1 month), 78 long-term workers and ...	2000	11012618
identification of enteric pathogens in hiv-positive patients with diarrhoea in northern india.	enteric pathogens associated with chronic diarrhoea in hiv-positive patients were studied. the study was conducted during january 1995-december 1998. stool specimens from all diarrhoea patients (n = 26) were examined microscopically for ova and parasites using wet preparations and stained smears. stool samples from diarrhoea patients were also cultured on appropriate media to isolate enteric bacterial pathogens. of the 59 patients, 26 (44%) had prolonged diarrhoea for more than 4 weeks. enteric ...	2000	11014766
isolation and antibiotic susceptibility of salmonella, shigella, and campylobacter from acute enteric infections in egypt.	while campylobacter, salmonella, and shigella remain major contributors to acute enteric infections, few studies on these pathogens have been conducted in egypt. from january 1986 to december 1993, 869 salmonella, shigella and campylobacter strains were isolated from stool specimens from 6,278 patients, presenting to the abbassia fever hospital, cairo, egypt, with acute enteric infections. salmonella predominated, totalling 465 isolates, followed by shigella with 258 isolates, and campylobacter ...	2000	11014768
diarrheagenic escherichia coli and acute and persistent diarrhea in returned travelers.	to determine the role of diarrheagenic escherichia coli in acute and persistent diarrhea in returned travelers, a case control study was performed. enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) was detected in stool samples from 18 (10.7%) of 169 patients and 4 (3.7%) of 108 controls. enteroaggregative e. coli (eaggec) was detected in 16 (9.5%) patients and 7 (6.5%) controls. diffuse adherent e. coli strains were commonly present in both patients (13%) and controls (13.9). campylobacter and shigella species we ...	2000	11015362
helicobacter pylori: clonal population structure and restricted transmission within families revealed by molecular typing.	helicobacter pylori infects up to 50% of the human population worldwide. the infection occurs predominantly in childhood and persists for decades or a lifetime. h. pylori is believed to be transmitted from person to person. however, tremendous genetic diversity has been reported for these bacteria. in order to gain insight into the epidemiological basis of this phenomenon, we performed molecular typing of h. pylori isolates from different families. fifty-nine h. pylori isolates from 27 members o ...	2000	11015377
evaluation of a pcr primer based on the isocitrate dehydrogenase gene for detection of helicobacter pylori in feces.	in order to improve detection and identification of helicobacter pylori in highly contaminated samples, we evaluated new specific primers based on the dna base sequence within the isocitrate dehydrogenase (icd) gene to amplify a 1,200-bp dna segment. the specificity of the icd primer was tested against dna derived from various bacteria, including 7 helicobacter species and a panel of 1 gram-variable, 2 gram-positive, and 16 gram-negative bacteria, as well as dna from houseflies and feces from h. ...	2000	11015397
prevalence of enterotoxin genes in aeromonas spp. isolated from children with diarrhea, healthy controls, and the environment.	aeromonads are causative agents of a number of human infections. even though aeromonads have been isolated from patients suffering from diarrhea, their etiological role in gastroenteritis is unclear. in spite of a number of virulence factors produced by aeromonas species, their association with diarrhea has not been clearly linked. recently, we have characterized a heat-labile cytotonic enterotoxin (alt), a heat-stable cytotonic enterotoxin (ast), and a cytotoxic enterotoxin (act) from a diarrhe ...	2000	11015403
evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic methods for subtyping campylobacter jejuni isolates from humans, poultry, and cattle.	six methods for subtyping of campylobacter jejuni were compared and evaluated with a collection of 90 isolates from poultry, cattle, and sporadic human clinical cases as well as from a waterborne outbreak. the applied methods were penner heat-stable serotyping; automated ribotyping (riboprinting); random amplified polymorphic dna typing (rapd); pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge); restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the flagellin gene, flaa (fla-rflp); and denaturing gradient gel el ...	2000	11015406
a probable new helicobacter species isolated from a patient with bacteremia.	a probable new helicobacter species was isolated from the blood of a 14-month-old aboriginal child who presented with vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and dry cough. the most similar 16s rrna gene sequence was that of helicobacter fennelliae ccug 18820(t) but the new sequence differed from it by at least 32 base substitutions and by the presence of a large (353-nucleotide) intervening sequence.	2000	11015417
evaluation of the alexon-trend prospect campylobacter microplate assay.	we evaluated stool specimens known to contain or be free of campylobacter by traditional culture, using the prospect campylobacter microplate assay (alexon-trend, ramsey, minn.). this rapid enzyme immunoassay for the detection of campylobacter-specific antigens demonstrated 96% sensitivity and 99% specificity and is an acceptable alternative method of campylobacter detection.	2000	11015419
reactive arthritis: preliminary microbiologic analysis of the human temporomandibular joint.	the presence of chlamydia trachomatis has been previously shown in the temporomandibular joint (tmj). this study investigated whether the presence of other bacteria associated with reactive arthritis (rea) can be identified in the tmj.	2000	11021709
axonal guillain-barré syndrome: relation to anti-ganglioside antibodies and campylobacter jejuni infection in japan.	to clarify the relations of the axonal form of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) to anti-ganglioside antibodies and campylobacter jejuni infection, 86 consecutive japanese gbs patients were studied. electrodiagnostic criteria showed acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in 36% of the patients and acute motor axonal neuropathy (aman) in 38%. frequent anti-ganglioside antibodies were of the igg class and against gm1 (40%), gd1a (30%), galnac-gd1a (17%), and gd1b (21%). identified infections ...	2000	11026446
regulation of ferritin-mediated cytoplasmic iron storage by the ferric uptake regulator homolog (fur) of helicobacter pylori.	homologs of the ferric uptake regulator fur and the iron storage protein ferritin play a central role in maintaining iron homeostasis in bacteria. the gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori contains an iron-induced prokaryotic ferritin (pfr) which has been shown to be involved in protection against metal toxicity and a fur homolog which has not been functionally characterized in h. pylori. analysis of an isogenic fur-negative mutant revealed that h. pylori fur is required for metal-dependent regul ...	2000	11029412
escherichia coli dna polymerase iii tau- and gamma-subunit conserved residues required for activity in vivo and in vitro.	the escherichia coli dna polymerase iii tau and gamma subunits are single-strand dna-dependent atpases (the latter requires the delta and delta' subunits for significant atpase activity) involved in loading processivity clamp beta. they are homologous to clamp-loading proteins of many organisms from phages to humans. alignment of 27 prokaryotic tau/gamma homologs and 1 eukaryotic tau/gamma homolog has refined the sequences of nine previously defined identity and functional motifs. mutational ana ...	2000	11029431
a bacterial toxin that controls cell cycle progression as a deoxyribonuclease i-like protein.	many bacterial pathogens encode a multisubunit toxin, termed cytolethal distending toxin (cdt), that induces cell cycle arrest, cytoplasm distention, and, eventually, chromatin fragmentation and cell death. in one such pathogen, campylobacter jejuni, one of the subunits of this toxin, cdtb, was shown to exhibit features of type i deoxyribonucleases. transient expression of this subunit in cultured cells caused marked chromatin disruption. microinjection of low amounts of cdtb induced cytoplasmic ...	2000	11030657
a 26 kda protein of helicobacter pylori shows alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (ahpc) activity and the mono-cistronic transcription of the gene is affected by ph.	the 26 kda protein of helicobacter pylori, with 67% amino acid identity to alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (ahpc) of campylobacter jejuni, was studied. we wanted to evaluate it the protein has ahpc activity. therefore, an escherichia coli mutant defective for alkyl hydroperoxide reductase and a plasmid expressing the 26 kda protein from h. pylori were used in complementation studies. the complemented e. coli mutant showed a decreased sensitivity to cumene hydroperoxide indicating that the 26 kda p ...	2000	11031120
detection and characterization of autoagglutination activity by campylobacter jejuni.	in several gram-negative bacterial pathogens, autoagglutination (aag) activity is a marker for interaction with host cells and virulence. campylobacter jejuni strains also show aag, but this property varies considerably among strains. to examine the characteristics of c. jejuni aag, we developed a quantitative in vitro assay. for strain 81-176, which shows high aag, activity was optimal for cells grown for < or = 24 h, was independent of growth temperature, and was best measured for cells suspen ...	2000	11035721
molecular cloning and analysis of a putative siderophore abc transporter from staphylococcus aureus.	from a mass-excised staphylococcus aureus lambdazapii expression library, we cloned an operon encoding a novel abc transporter with significant homology to bacterial siderophore transporter systems. the operon encodes four genes designated ssta, -b, -c, and -d encoding two putative cytoplasmic membrane proteins (ssta and sstb), an atpase (sstc), and a membrane-bound 38-kda lipoprotein (sstd). the sst operon is preceded by two putative fur boxes, which indicated that expression of the sst operon ...	2000	11035736
role of catalase in campylobacter jejuni intracellular survival.	the ability of campylobacter jejuni to penetrate normally nonphagocytic host cells is believed to be a key virulence determinant. recently, kinetics of c. jejuni intracellular survival have been described and indicate that the bacterium can persist and multiply within epithelial cells and macrophages in vitro. studies conducted by pesci et al. indicate that superoxide dismutase contributes to intraepithelial cell survival, as isogenic sod mutants are 12-fold more sensitive to intracellular killi ...	2000	11035743
a novel action of the proton pump inhibitor rabeprazole and its thioether derivative against the motility of helicobacter pylori.	the motility of helicobacter pylori was maximum at 37 degrees c and at ph 6. a newly developed proton pump inhibitor, rabeprazole (rpz), and its thioether derivative (rpz-th) markedly inhibited the motility of h. pylori. the concentrations of the drug necessary to inhibit 50% of the motility were 0.25, 16, 16, and >64 microgram/ml for rpz-th, rpz, lansoprazole, and omeprazole, respectively. no such inhibitory effects were observed with h(2) blockers or anti-h. pylori agents. the motilities of ca ...	2000	11036024
milkborne campylobacter infection in hungary.	in april 1998, an annual 2-day animal farm sale was held in hódmezóvásárhely, where 500 to 600 visitors consumed unpasteurized milk. the first signs of disease began 2 days after the end of the sale. fifty-two people from a wide age range fell ill, primarily with inflammatory enteritis. these cases included 34 with campylobacter positivity: 30 with campylobacter jejuni and 4 with campylobacter coli. environmental samples (raw milk, udder swabs, and rectal swabs from 12 cows in the suspected herd ...	2000	11041145
strategy for systematic assembly of large rna and dna genomes: transmissible gastroenteritis virus model.	a systematic method was developed to assemble functional full-length genomes of large rna and dna viruses. coronaviruses contain the largest single-stranded positive-polarity rna genome in nature. the approximately 30-kb genome, coupled with regions of genomic instability, has hindered the development of a full-length infectious cdna construct. we have assembled a full-length infectious construct of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), an important pathogen in swine. using a novel approac ...	2000	11044104
[campylobacter jejuni bacteremia in a patient with non hodgkin lymphoma and pneumonia].		2000	11050828
complementary metal ion specificity of the metal-citrate transporters citm and cith of bacillus subtilis.	citrate uptake in bacillus subtilis is stimulated by a wide range of divalent metal ions. the metal ions were separated into two groups based on the expression pattern of the uptake system. the two groups correlated with the metal ion specificity of two homologous b. subtilis secondary citrate transporters, citm and cith, upon expression in escherichia coli. citm transported citrate in complex with mg(2+), ni(2+), mn(2+), co(2+), and zn(2+) but not in complex with ca(2+), ba(2+), and sr(2+). cit ...	2000	11053381
detection of a novel campylobacter cytotoxin.	the culture filtrates from 10 campylobacter species were screened for the presence of cytotoxins on a variety of selected tissue culture cell lines. some campylobacter jejuni strains showed no effects on tissue culture cell lines compared with other c. jejuni strains, especially c. jejuni 81116, which consistently produced a cytotoxin that was lethal to tissue culture cells. it was observed that cho cells were the most sensitive cell line in detecting campylobacter cytotoxins. samples containing ...	2000	11054178
effect of delayed placement on the incidence of campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens.	an experiment was conducted with broiler chickens to evaluate the effect of delayed placement on reused litter and the isolation of campylobacter jejuni. the experiment also assessed the presence of c. jejuni in the crop following feed withdrawal periods in cages vs floor environments. trial 1 utilized 320 female broiler chicks obtained from a commercial hatchery. the chicks were randomly placed into the following experimental groups that were replicated four times with 20 chicks per pen: 1) 0-h ...	2000	11055842
molecular characterization of bacterial populations in petroleum-contaminated groundwater discharged from underground crude oil storage cavities.	petroleum-contaminated groundwater discharged from underground crude oil storage cavities (cavity groundwater) harbored more than 10(6) microorganisms ml(-1), a density 100 times higher than the densities in groundwater around the cavities (control groundwater). to characterize bacterial populations growing in the cavity groundwater, 46 pcr-amplified almost full-length 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) fragments were cloned and sequenced, and 28 different sequences were obtained. all of the sequences wer ...	2000	11055927
epidemiologic application of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to an outbreak of campylobacter jejuni in an austrian youth centre.	we report the first documented campylobacter jejuni outbreak in an austrian youth centre. sixty-four children were involved of which 38 showed classical signs of campylobacter gastroenteritis. since unpasteurized milk distributed by a local dairy was suspected to be the source of infection, stool samples were collected from 20 cows providing the milk. five of the cows tested positive for c. jejuni. these isolates together with 37 clinical samples were compared by pulsed-field-gel electrophoresis ...	2000	11057954
campylobacter jejuni bacteremia in an immunocompetent japanese child.		2000	11059556
identification of ciprofloxacin-resistant campylobacter jejuni by use of a fluorogenic pcr assay.	fluoroquinolones are one class of antimicrobial agents commonly used to treat severe campylobacter jejuni infection. c. jejuni strains resistant to high levels of the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin (mic >/=16 microg/ml) have been predominantly characterized with a c-->t transition in codon 86 of gyra. the gyra gene encodes one subunit of dna gyrase, which is a primary target for fluoroquinolone antibiotics. this study establishes a rapid pcr-based taqman method for identifying ciprofloxacin-resis ...	2000	11060054
a case of guillain-barré syndrome following a family outbreak of campylobacter jejuni enteritis.	we describe an outbreak of campylobacter jejuni enteritis involving three family members of whom one developed guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). the patients' serum reacted strongly with several gangliosides and with the lipopolysaccharide (lps) fractions from the c. jejuni strains isolated from his family members. only low titer anti-ganglioside antibodies were found in his siblings. hla-typing did not indicate a locus associated with auto-antibody production. comparing the immune response in gbs ...	2000	11063843
uptake pathways of clinical and healthy animal isolates of campylobacter jejuni into int-407 cells.	campylobacter jejuni isolates obtained from human and animal sources showed different invasion levels into human embryonic intestinal (int-407) cells. there was no significant relation between the degree of invasion and cytotoxins production. the depolymerization of both microfilaments by cytochalasin-d and microtubules by colchicine, demecolcine and nocodazole or stabilization of microtubules by paclitaxel reduced the invasiveness of c. jejuni, although microfilament depolymerization showed gre ...	2000	11064267
the spirochete flaa periplasmic flagellar sheath protein impacts flagellar helicity.	spirochete periplasmic flagella (pfs), including those from brachyspira (serpulina), spirochaeta, treponema, and leptospira spp., have a unique structure. in most spirochete species, the periplasmic flagellar filaments consist of a core of at least three proteins (flab1, flab2, and flab3) and a sheath protein (flaa). each of these proteins is encoded by a separate gene. using brachyspira hyodysenteriae as a model system for analyzing pf function by allelic exchange mutagenesis, we analyzed purif ...	2000	11073915
expression of invasiveness of campylobacter jejuni ssp. jejuni after serial intraperitoneal passages in mice.	we investigated the possibility of inducing the expression of invasiveness in 10 non-invading, laboratory-adapted campylobacter jejuni ssp. jejuni strains, after serial intraperitoneal (i.p.) passage in mice. all the strains expressed invasive capacity after the first passage, with an increase in invasion rates and the number of internalized bacteria after each passage. these results suggest that i.p. passage enhances the expression of invasiveness in c. jejuni ssp. jejuni strains.	2000	11075552
increased rectal mucosal enteroendocrine cells, t lymphocytes, and increased gut permeability following acute campylobacter enteritis and in post-dysenteric irritable bowel syndrome.	post-dysenteric irritable bowel syndrome (pd-ibs) develops in up to 25% of patients following campylobacter enteritis. our aim was to define the pathological basis of this subgroup of ibs.	2000	11076879
genotyping of clinical and chicken isolates of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.	genomic dna from 58 strains of campylobacter made up of 48 campylobacter jejuni and ten campylobacter coli were digested with sma i and analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). the cleavage of dna by sma i gave 22 distinct hybridization patterns. the two campylobacter species were subtyped by pfge. the average genomic size for c. jejuni by sma i digestion was 1.73 mb, while that of c. coli gave 1.7 mb. results from this study indicate that pfge analysis by sma i digested genomic dna ...	2000	11077971
microbiological hazard identification and exposure assessment of street food vending in johannesburg, south africa.	one hundred and thirty-two samples of beef, chicken, salad and gravy were collected from two street vendors over eleven replicate surveys to assess microbiological safety and quality. for each food type samples were collected during preparation and holding. dish water was also collected and food preparation surfaces swabbed during preparation and display. standard methods were used to determine aerobic plate counts, enterobacteriaceae counts, coliform counts and spore counts. six hundred and sev ...	2000	11078164
prevalence of toxin types and colonization factors in enterotoxigenic escherichia coli isolated during a 2-year period from diarrheal patients in bangladesh.	the prevalence of toxin types and colonization factors (cfs) of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) was prospectively studied with fresh samples (n = 4,662) obtained from a 2% routine surveillance of diarrheal stool samples over 2 years, from september 1996 to august 1998. stool samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunoassay techniques and with specific monoclonal antibodies for the toxins and cfs. the prevalence of etec was 14% (n = 662), with over 70% of the strains isolated from childre ...	2000	10618058
detection of clarithromycin-resistant helicobacter pylori strains by a preferential homoduplex formation assay.	it has been shown that resistance to clarithromycin, a major cause of failure in helicobacter pylori eradication therapy, is associated with point mutations in the 23s rrna gene. we sought to apply the preferential homoduplex formation assay (phfa), a novel technique for the efficient detection of point mutations, to detection of the mutations. phfa was performed on streptavidin-coated microtiter plates with biotin- and dinitrophenyl-labeled amplicons to detect the wild-type gene or each mutant ...	2000	10618089
prevalence of campylobacter, arcobacter, helicobacter, and sutterella spp. in human fecal samples as estimated by a reevaluation of isolation methods for campylobacters.	the aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of campylobacteria including campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni (c. jejuni) and campylobacter coli in human clinical samples and in samples from healthy individuals and to reevaluate the efficacies of conventional selective methods for isolation of campylobacter spp. two charcoal-based selective media, modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mccda) and cefoperazone-amphotericin-teicoplanin (cat) agar, were compared with skirrow' ...	2000	10618103
genotyping of campylobacter spp.		2000	10618195
sources of escherichia coli in a coastal subtropical environment.	sources of escherichia coli in a coastal waterway located in ft. lauderdale, fla., were evaluated. the study consisted of an extensive program of field measurements designed to capture spatial and temporal variations in e. coli concentrations as well as experiments conducted under laboratory-controlled conditions. e. coli from environmental samples was enumerated by using a defined substrate technology (colilert-18). field sampling tasks included sampling the length of the north fork to identify ...	2000	10618229
isolation and characterization of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni from macaroni penguins (eudyptes chrysolophus) in the subantarctic region.	on bird island, south georgia, albatrosses (n = 140), penguins (n = 100), and fur seals (n = 206) were sampled for campylobacter jejuni. c. jejuni subsp. jejuni was recovered from three macaroni penguins (eudyptes chrysolophus). these isolates, the first reported for the subantarctic region, showed low genetic diversity and high similarity to northern hemisphere c. jejuni isolates, possibly suggesting recent introduction to the area.	2000	10618265
virulent strains of helicobacter pylori demonstrate delayed phagocytosis and stimulate homotypic phagosome fusion in macrophages.	helicobacter pylori colonizes the gastric epithelium of approximately 50% of the world's population and plays a causative role in the development of gastric and duodenal ulcers. h. pylori is phagocytosed by mononuclear phagocytes, but the internalized bacteria are not killed and the reasons for this host defense defect are unclear. we now show using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy that h. pylori employs an unusual mechanism to avoid phagocytic killing: delayed entry followed by homoty ...	2000	10620610
inhibition of colonisation of the alimentary tract in young chickens with campylobacter jejuni by pre-colonisation with strains of c. jejuni.	strains of campylobacter jejuni, isolated from human gastro-intestinal infection and inoculated orally into 1-day-old chicks, colonised the alimentary tract (caecum) well. there was evidence of invasion from the intestine to the spleen. oral inoculation with some but not all strains of c. jejuni 24 h earlier (within 12 h of hatching) prevented establishment by challenge strains administered orally 1 day later. one strain which was less able to colonise the gut was less inhibitory than other stra ...	2000	10612737
o-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from methanosarcina thermophila.	cysteine is the major source of fixed sulfur for the synthesis of sulfur-containing compounds in organisms of the bacteria and eucarya domains. though pathways for cysteine biosynthesis have been established for both of these domains, it is unknown how the archaea fix sulfur or synthesize cysteine. none of the four archaeal genomes sequenced to date contain open reading frames with identities to either o-acetyl-l-serine sulfhydrylase (oass) or homocysteine synthase, the only sulfur-fixing enzyme ...	2000	10613861
localized reversible frameshift mutation in the flha gene confers phase variability to flagellin gene expression in campylobacter coli.	phase variation of flagellin gene expression in campylobacter coli ua585 was correlated with high-frequency, reversible insertion and deletion frameshift mutations in a short homopolymeric tract of thymine residues located in the n-terminal coding region of the flha gene. mutation-based phase variation in flha may generate functional diversity in the host and environment.	2000	10613882
ganglioside-induced antiganglioside antibodies from a neuropathy patient cross-react with lipopolysaccharides of campylobacter jejuni associated with guillain-barré syndrome.	antiganglioside serum antibodies from a patient treated with gangliosides were examined for cross-reactivity with lipopolysaccharides (lpss) of campylobacter jejuni strains associated with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). the patient had no preceding infection with c. jejuni and developed chronic progressive motor polyneuropathy following parenteral ganglioside treatment. serum igg antibodies recognised gm1 and gd1b gangliosides as well as asialo-gm1, and cross-reactivity was observed with lpss fr ...	2000	10626671
mutational analysis of a role for salicylic acid in iron metabolism of mycobacterium smegmatis.	the role of salicylic acid in iron metabolism was examined in two wild-type strains (mc(2)155 and ncimb 8548) and three mutant strains (mc(2)1292 [lacking exochelin], sm3 [lacking iron-dependent repressor protein ider] and s99 [a salicylate-requiring auxotroph derived in this study]) of mycobacterium smegmatis. synthesis of salicylate in sm3 was derepressed even in the presence of iron, as was synthesis of the siderophores exochelin, mycobactin, and carboxymycobactin. s99 was dependent on salicy ...	2000	10629169
flen, a gene that regulates flagellar number in pseudomonas aeruginosa.	the single polar flagellum of pseudomonas aeruginosa plays an important role in the pathogenesis of infection by this organism. however, regulation of the assembly of this organelle has not been delineated. in analyzing the sequence available at the pseudomonas genome database, an open reading frame (orf), flanked by flagellar genes flhf and flia, that coded for a protein (280 amino acids) with an atp-binding motif at its n terminus was found. the orf was inactivated by inserting a gentamicin ca ...	2000	10629180
the rfae gene from escherichia coli encodes a bifunctional protein involved in biosynthesis of the lipopolysaccharide core precursor adp-l-glycero-d-manno-heptose.	the intermediate steps in the biosynthesis of the adp-l-glycero-d-manno-heptose precursor of inner core lipopolysaccharide (lps) are not yet elucidated. we isolated a mini-tn10 insertion that confers a heptoseless lps phenotype in the chromosome of escherichia coli k-12. the mutation was in a gene homologous to the previously reported rfae gene from haemophilus influenzae. the e. coli rfae gene was cloned into an expression vector, and an in vitro transcription-translation experiment revealed a ...	2000	10629197
helicobacter pylori uptake and efflux: basis for intrinsic susceptibility to antibiotics in vitro.	we previously demonstrated (m. m. exner, p. doig, t. j. trust, and r. e. w. hancock, infect. immun. 63:1567-1572, 1995) that helicobacter pylori has at least one nonspecific porin, hope, which has a low abundance in the outer membrane but forms large channels. h. pylori is relatively susceptible to most antimicrobial agents but less susceptible to the polycationic antibiotic polymyxin b. we demonstrate here that h. pylori is able to take up higher basal levels of the hydrophobic fluorescent prob ...	2000	10639345
antibiotic resistance in campylobacter strains isolated from animals, foods, and humans in spain in 1997-1998.	colonization by campylobacter strains was investigated in human, broiler, and pig fecal samples from 1997-1998, as well as in foods of animal origin, and antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out for these strains. campylobacter strains were isolated in the foods of animal origin (55 of 101 samples; 54.4%), intestinal samples from broilers (85 of 105; 81%), and pigs (40 of 45; 88.9%). a total of 641 campylobacter strains were isolated from 8,636 human fecal samples of clinical origin (7. ...	2000	10639348
expression and immunogenicity of hemagglutinin a from porphyromonas gingivalis in an avirulent salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vaccine strain.	porphyromonas gingivalis is a major etiologic agent of periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease that ultimately results in the loss of the supporting tissues of the teeth. previous work has demonstrated the usefulness of avirulent salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains as antigen delivery systems for protective antigens of pathogens that colonize or cross mucosal surfaces. in this study, we constructed and characterized a recombinant s. enterica serovar typhimurium avirulent vaccin ...	2000	10639440
helicobacter felis infection is associated with lymphoid follicular hyperplasia and mild gastritis but normal gastric secretory function in cats.	the relationship of helicobacter felis, a bacterium observed in the stomachs of cats, to gastric disease is unclear. the objective of this study was to determine if h. felis infection alters gastric histopathology, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and secretory function and evokes a humoral immune response in cats. five specific-pathogen-free (spf) helicobacter-free cats were studied before and for 1 year after oral inoculation with h. felis (atcc 49179). four spf h. felis-uninfected cats se ...	2000	10639446
functional conservation of the polysaccharide biosynthetic protein wbpm and its homologues in pseudomonas aeruginosa and other medically significant bacteria.	wbpm is a highly conserved protein involved in synthesis of the o antigens of pseudomonas aeruginosa. homologues of this protein have been identified in a large number of bacteria, and they can be divided into two subfamilies: subfamily 1, including wbpm, contains large proteins ( approximately 600 amino acids), while subfamily 2, typified by hp0840 (flaa1) of helicobacter pylori, contains smaller proteins ( approximately 350 amino acids) homologous to the c termini of proteins in subfamily 1. a ...	2000	10639466
in situ analysis of sulfate-reducing bacteria related to desulfocapsa thiozymogenes in the chemocline of meromictic lake cadagno (switzerland).	comparative sequence analysis of a 16s rrna gene clone library from the chemocline of the meromictic lake cadagno (switzerland) retrieved two clusters of sequences resembling sulfate-reducing bacteria within the family desulfovibrionaceae. in situ hybridization showed that, similar to sulfate-reducing bacteria of the family desulfobacteriaceae, bacteria of one cluster with similarity values to the closest cultured relatives of between 92.6 and 93.1% resembled free cells or cells loosely attached ...	2000	10653757
pig and goat blood as substitutes for sheep blood in blood-supplemented agar media.	in many developing countries sheep and horse blood, the recommended blood supplements in bacteriological media, are not readily available, whereas pig and goat blood are. therefore, this study examined the use of pig and goat blood as potential substitutes for sheep blood in blood-supplemented bacteriologic media commonly used in clinical microbiology laboratories. in general, the growth characteristics and colony morphologies of a wide range of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and candida albican ...	2000	10655351
genetic characterization of campylobacter jejuni o:41 isolates in relation with guillain-barré syndrome.	campylobacter jejuni o:41 strains are found in association with guillain-barré syndrome in south africa. strains of this serotype collected over 17 years were characterized by amplified fragment length polymorphism and flagellin typing to determine their clonal nature. despite minor variation in gm1 expression, all of the strains were genetically indistinguishable, indicating that they are representative of a genetically stable clone.	2000	10655404