Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| invb is a type iii secretion-associated chaperone for the salmonella enterica effector protein sope. | sope is a bacteriophage-encoded effector protein of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium that is translocated into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells by a type iii secretion system (ttss) (w.-d. hardt, h. urlaub, and j. e. galán, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 95:2574-2579, 1998; m. w. wood, r. rosqvist, p. b. mullan, m. h. edwards, and e. e. galyov, mol. microbiol. 22:327-338, 1996). in this study, we provide evidence that an unlinked gene carried within the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1 ... | 2003 | 14645290 |
| [case report: porcine circovirus type 2 infection in an european wild boar (sus scrofa) in the state of brandenburg, germany]. | this case represents the first case of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2)--infection in a free living european wild boar associated with morphological lesions, which are regarded as characteristic for postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in domestic pigs. the animal, an approximately 10 month old male, was found dead in a rural area within the state of brandenburg, germany. the closest commercial pig farm is located in 3 km distance from the spot where the carcass was found. at necro ... | 2003 | 14650740 |
| neuromodulation of enteropathogen internalization in peyer's patches from porcine jejunum. | jejunal peyer's patches (jpp) are innervated sites of immune induction and enteropathogen infection. we investigated the role of enteric nerves in modulating pathogen entry into porcine jpp. presumptive norepinephrine (ne)-containing nerve fibers were localized in jpp domes and follicle-associated villi by secondary immunofluorescence histochemistry. ne or the neuronal conduction blocker saxitoxin increased intracellular internalization of pathogenic salmonella choleraesuis and escherichia coli ... | 2003 | 12965256 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility, phage typing and plasmid profile of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a strains isolated in kuwait. | to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility, phage type and plasmid profile pattern of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a strains isolated in kuwait. | 2003 | 12966199 |
| phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of polyhydroxy compounds by class a bacterial acid phosphatases. | nonspecific acid phosphatases share a conserved active site with mammalian glucose-6-phosphatases (g6pase). in this work we examined the kinetics of the phosphorylation of glucose and dephosphorylation of glucose-6-phosphate (g6p) catalysed by the acid phosphatases from shigella flexneri (phon-sf) and salmonella enterica (phon-se). phon-sf is able to phosphorylate glucose regiospecifically to g6p, glucose-1-phosphate is not formed. the k(m) for glucose using pyrophosphate (ppi) as a phosphate do ... | 2003 | 12968332 |
| genetic diversity of human isolates of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in malaysia. | the study was undertaken to determine clonal relationship and genetic diversity of the human strains of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolated from 1995 to 2002 from different parts of malaysia. | 2003 | 12969291 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and occurrence of resistance genes among salmonella enterica serovar weltevreden from different countries. | this study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among salmonella weltevreden isolates from different sources in south-east asia (indonesia, laos, malaysia, taiwan, thailand, vietnam), australia, denmark, new zealand and the usa. | 2003 | 12972453 |
| persistence of salmonellae in blood and bone marrow: randomized controlled trial comparing ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol treatments against enteric fever. | we performed a randomized controlled trial involving 55 adult patients with enteric fever to compare ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. blood and bone marrow cultures and cytokine profiles during therapy were done to compare the clinical and bacteriological efficacies of these drugs. all patients were randomly assigned to receive chloramphenicol (500 mg four times a day orally) for 14 days or ciprofloxacin (500 mg twice a day orally) for 7 days. in each treatment group, patients were subsequentl ... | 2003 | 12709347 |
| in vitro susceptibilities of rhodococcus equi and other common equine pathogens to azithromycin, clarithromycin, and 20 other antimicrobials. | the objective of this study was to determine in vitro activities of azithromycin (azm), clarithromycin (clr), and 20 other antimicrobial agents against rhodococcus equi and other common equine bacterial pathogens. a total of 201 bacterial isolates from various equine clinical samples were examined. clr was more active than azm against r. equi, with mics at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited of 0.12 and 1.0 micro g/ml, respectively. other antimicrobial agents highly active against at least ... | 2003 | 12709351 |
| nalidixic acid-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhi with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin caused treatment failure: a report from bangladesh. | 2003 | 12711825 | |
| salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in table egg layer house environments and in mice in u.s. layer houses and associated risk factors. | prevalence was estimated for salmonella enterica serotype eneritidis (se) in layer house environments (n = 200 layer houses) and house mice (n = 129 layer houses) in 15 states throughout the united states. environmental swabs were collected from manure, egg belts, elevators, and walkways. live-catch rodent traps were placed for 4-7 days. swabs and house mice were submitted to the laboratory for bacterial culture. overall, 7.1% of layer houses and 3.7% of mice were culture positive for se. the hi ... | 2003 | 12713168 |
| the role of disinfectant resistance of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in recurring infections in pennsylvania egg quality assurance program monitored flocks. | the pennsylvania egg quality assurance program (peqap) has made major gains in the reduction of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (s. enteritidis). however, s. enteritidis continues to be a major food safety concern for the commercial egg laying industry. despite intensive control efforts through peqap, some commercial egg layer houses still remain positive for s. enteritidis. the primary objective of this study was to determine whether s. enteritidis isolates obtained from historically e ... | 2003 | 12713169 |
| role of lipid-mediated signal transduction in bacterial internalization. | receptor-mediated phagocytosis normally represents an important first line of immune defence. invading microbes are internalized into phagosomes and are typically killed by exposure to a battery of microbicidal agents. to some intracellular pathogens, however, receptor-mediated phagocytosis represents an opportunity to access a protected niche within the host cell. another type of intracellular pathogen, including salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and shigella flexneri, invade host cells i ... | 2003 | 12713488 |
| intracellular activity of fosfomycin against two distinct enteropathogenic bacteria, salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes, alive inside host cells. | we studied the effect of fosfomycin (fom) on the intracellular growth of two different facultative intracellular bacteria, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes, in an enterocyte-like cell line, caco-(2). these bacteria replicate in different compartments within the host cells; salmonella serovar typhimurium grow inside phagosomes, whereas l. monocytogenes escape the phagosomal environment and multiply in the cytosol of the host cells. at concentrations equal to 0.25 ... | 2003 | 12714811 |
| identification of a cross-reactive epitope widely present in lipopolysaccharide from enterobacteria and recognized by the cross-protective monoclonal antibody wn1 222-5. | septic shock due to infections with gram-negative bacteria is a severe disease with a high mortality rate. we report the identification of the antigenic determinants of an epitope that is present in enterobacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) and recognized by a cross-reactive monoclonal antibody (mab wn1 222-5) regarded as a potential means of treatment. using whole lps and a panel of neoglycoconjugates containing purified lps oligosaccharides obtained from escherichia coli core types r1, r2, r3, ... | 2003 | 12716894 |
| enteric fever in mumbai, india: the good news and the bad news. | 2003 | 12567317 | |
| molecular analyses of salmonella enterica isolates from fish feed factories and fish feed ingredients. | isolates of the most commonly observed salmonella serovars in norwegian fish feed factories from 1998 to 2000 (salmonella enterica serovar agona, s. enterica serovar montevideo, s. enterica serovar senftenberg, and s. enterica serovar kentucky) were studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and plasmid profile analysis and compared to isolates of the same serovars from fish feed ingredients, humans, and other sources (a total of 112 isolates). within each serovar, a variety of distinct ... | 2003 | 12571031 |
| putting salmonella contamination in perspective. | 2003 | 12652398 | |
| global regulation of the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium major porin, ompd. | the ompd porin is the most abundant outer membrane protein in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and represents about 1% of total cell protein. unlike the case with the less abundant ompc and ompf porins, the stoichiometry of ompd in the outer membrane does not change in response to changes in osmolarity. the abundance of ompd increases in response to anaerobiosis and decreases in response to low ph, conditions encountered by serovar typhimurium during the infection of its murine host. by c ... | 2003 | 13129964 |
| mucosal priming of simian immunodeficiency virus-specific cytotoxic t-lymphocyte responses in rhesus macaques by the salmonella type iii secretion antigen delivery system. | nearly all human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infections are acquired mucosally, and the gut-associated lymphoid tissues are important sites for early virus replication. thus, vaccine strategies designed to prime virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses that home to mucosal compartments may be particularly effective at preventing or containing hiv infection. the salmonella type iii secretion system has been shown to be an effective approach for stimulating mucosal ctl responses in m ... | 2003 | 12551977 |
| comparison of salmonella enterica serovar abortusequi isolates of equine origin by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and fluorescent amplified-fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting. | equine paratyphoid is caused by salmonella enterica serovar abortusequi, and manifests mainly as abortion in the mare. we compared s. abortusequi strains isolated in japan and other countries using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and fluorescent amplified-fragment length polymorphism (faflp) analysis. pfge analysis of s. abortusequi strains gave 21-27 fragments ranging in size from 33 to 602kb. although two pfge profiles were observed among the 20 s. abortusequi isolates in japan, the re ... | 2003 | 12554106 |
| vaccination against type f botulinum toxin using attenuated salmonella enterica var typhimurium strains expressing the bont/f h(c) fragment. | the utility of the htra, pagc and nirb promoters to direct the expression of the carboxy-terminal (h(c)) fragment of botulinum toxin f (fh(c)) in salmonella enterica var typhimurium has been evaluated. only low levels of serum antibody were induced after immunisation, and some protection against botulinum toxin type f was demonstrated after oral immunisation of mice with two doses of any of these recombinant salmonella. immunisation with two doses of recombinant salmonella expressing fh(c) from ... | 2003 | 12559779 |
| 2-aminopurine allows interspecies recombination by a reversible inactivation of the escherichia coli mismatch repair system. | 2-aminopurine treatment of escherichia coli induces a reversible phenotype of dna mismatch repair deficiency. this transient phenotype results in a 300-fold increase in the frequency of interspecies conjugational recombination with a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium hfr donor. this method can be used for the generation of biodiversity by allowing recombination between diverged genes and genomes. | 2003 | 12562818 |
| detection of hila gene sequences in serovars of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica. | hila gene promoter, component of the salmonella pathogenicity island 1, has been found in salmonella serovar typhimurium, being important for the regulation of type iii secretion apparatus genes. we detected hila gene sequences in salmonella serovars typhi, enteritidis, choleraesuis, paratyphi a and b, and pullorum, by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and hybridization techniques. the primers to carry out pcr were designed according to hila sequence. a low stringency hybridization with the probe ... | 2003 | 12563483 |
| filament formation by salmonella spp. inoculated into liquid food matrices at refrigeration temperatures, and growth patterns when warmed. | in this study, the formation of multicellular filamentous salmonella cells in response to low temperatures was investigated by using isolates of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pt4 and s. enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 as the inocula. the formation of filamentous cells in two liquid food matrices at the recommended maximum temperature for refrigeration (8 degrees c) was monitored and compared with that in tryptone soya broth. giemsa staining was performed to locate nuclear material w ... | 2003 | 12597479 |
| suppression of salmonella growth by wild-type and large-plaque variants of bacteriophage felix o1 in liquid culture and on chicken frankfurters. | the bacteriophage felix o1, a member of myoviridae, is specific for, and possesses a broad host range within, the genus salmonella. this work explores a felix o1 phage-based intervention for salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt104 that is potentially applicable at several stages of animal production and processing. a variant of felix o1 was obtained that produces a larger, clearer plaque phenotype (lp) on salmonella typhi than wild-type felix o1 (wt) does, not unlike r mutants of phage t4 ... | 2003 | 12597480 |
| hsp60 specific antibodies in egg yolks from laying hens naturally infected with salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar enteritidis. | heat shock protein (hsp) 60 of salmonella appears to be involved in pathogenesis of infectious processes and host immune responses. eggs of laying hens from two salmonella enteritidis naturally infected flocks (i--acute outbreak of infection; ii--occasional bacteria excretion) and one control flock (iii) were tested for the presence of yolk antibodies (igy) against hsp60 by applying enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the levels of specific immunoglobulins were related to those against li ... | 2003 | 12602685 |
| life-threatening infantile diarrhea from fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella enterica typhimurium with mutations in both gyra and parc. | salmonella typhimurium dt12, isolated from a 35-day-old infant with diarrhea, was highly resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, gentamycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, and fluoroquinolones. the patient responded to antibiotic therapy with fosfomycin. multidrug-resistance may become prevalent in salmonella infections in japan, as shown in this first case of a patient infected with fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella. | 2003 | 12604000 |
| a new inhibitor of the transcription-termination factor rho. | in this study we describe bi-k0058, a new inhibitor of the transcription-termination factor rho belonging to a different chemical class from bicyclomycin, the only known antibiotic acting on rho. bi-k0058 inhibits the poly(c)-dependent atpase activity of rho with an ic(50) of 25 microm as well as in vitro transcription-termination of two natural substrates, the salmonella enterica hisg cistron and the f1 phage intergenic region. bi-k0058 does not affect photolabeling of rho by atp. the results o ... | 2003 | 12604334 |
| imipenem resistance in salmonella enterica serovar wien related to porin loss and cmy-4 beta-lactamase production. | two multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar wien strains (sw468 and sw1107) were isolated in 2001 in tunis. both strains produced the beta-lactamases tem-1, shv-2a, and cmy-4, whereas strain sw1107 also produced the beta-lactamase ctx-m-3. the imipenem-resistant strain (sw468) was totally devoid of the ompf-immunorelated porin. imipenem resistance was shown as being related to porin loss and cmy-4 beta-lactamase production. | 2003 | 12604564 |
| subtracted restriction fingerprinting--a tool for bacterial genome typing. | reproducible, discriminative, high-throughput methods are required for the identification of bacterial strains and isolates in a clinical environment. a new molecular typing method for bacteria was developed and tested on salmonella and e. coli species. the technique is called subtracted restriction fingerprinting and is based on double restriction enzyme digestion of genomic dna followed by end labeling. the "detection" enzyme produces ttaa overhangs that are filled in with digoxigenated nucleo ... | 2003 | 12613253 |
| short-chain fatty acid activation by acyl-coenzyme a synthetases requires sir2 protein function in salmonella enterica and saccharomyces cerevisiae. | sir2 proteins have nad(+)-dependent histone deacetylase activity, but no metabolic role has been assigned to any of these proteins. in salmonella enterica, sir2 function was required for activity of the acetyl-coa synthetase (acs) enzyme. a greater than two orders of magnitude increase in the specific activity of acs enzyme synthesized by a sirtuin-deficient strain was measured after treatment with homogeneous s. enterica sir2 protein. human sir2a and yeast sir2 proteins restored growth of sir2- ... | 2003 | 12618394 |
| mutational analysis of the residue at position 48 in the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium phoq sensor kinase. | the phop/phoq two-component regulatory system of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium plays an essential role in controlling virulence by mediating the adaptation to mg(2+) depletion. the pho-24 allele of phoq harbors a single amino acid substitution (t48i) in the periplasmic domain of the phoq histidine kinase sensor. this mutation has been shown to increase net phosphorylation of the phop response regulator. we analyzed the effect on signaling by phop/phoq of various amino acid substitution ... | 2003 | 12618457 |
| histopathological study of rabbit intestinal mucosa infected with a hybrid strain of shigella dysenteriae 1 carrying lps biosynthesis genes of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the rfb gene cluster and the rfc gene of salmonella enterica were introduced earlier into an invasive shigella dysenteriae 1 strain by triparental cross. antiserum was raised in rabbit against lipopolysaccharide isolated from the hybrid strain. both the hybrid and the invasive s. dysenteriae 1 strain were found to have a titer of 1:2560 while for s. enterica, it was 1:640. ligated ileal loops were prepared in rabbit, which were inoculated with 10(8) cfu ml(-1) each of the hybrid strain, and inva ... | 2003 | 12620623 |
| survival of bacterial indicator species and bacteriophages after thermal treatment of sludge and sewage. | the inactivation of naturally occurring bacterial indicators and bacteriophages by thermal treatment of a dewatered sludge and raw sewage was studied. the sludge was heated at 80 degrees c, and the sewage was heated at 60 degrees c. in both cases phages were significantly more resistant to thermal inactivation than bacterial indicators, with the exception of spores of sulfite-reducing clostridia. somatic coliphages and phages infecting bacteroides fragilis were significantly more resistant than ... | 2003 | 12620828 |
| kinetics and strain specificity of rhizosphere and endophytic colonization by enteric bacteria on seedlings of medicago sativa and medicago truncatula. | the presence of human-pathogenic, enteric bacteria on the surface and in the interior of raw produce is a significant health concern. several aspects of the biology of the interaction between these bacteria and alfalfa (medicago sativa) seedlings are addressed here. a collection of enteric bacteria associated with alfalfa sprout contaminations, along with escherichia coli k-12, salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium strain atcc 14028, and an endophyte of maize, klebsiella pneumoniae 342, were ... | 2003 | 12620870 |
| epidemiology of tetracycline resistance determinants in shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli: characterization and dissemination of tet(a)-1. | to make a comprehensive study of tetracycline resistance determinant distribution in the genus shigella, a collection of 577 clinical isolates of shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) from a variety of geographical locations was screened to identify tetracycline-resistant strains. the 459 tetracycline-resistant isolates identified were then screened by pcr analysis to determine the distribution in these strains of tetracycline efflux resistance determinants belonging to classe ... | 2003 | 12624025 |
| csgd, a regulator of curli and cellulose synthesis, also regulates serine hydroxymethyltransferase synthesis in escherichia coli k-12. | the homologous csgd and agfd proteins are members of the fixj/uhpa/luxr family and are proposed to regulate curli (thin aggregative fibres) and cellulose production by escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, respectively. a plasmid containing part of the csgd gene was isolated during a screen for multicopy suppressors of glycine auxotrophy caused by deleting the fola gene in e. coli. the sequence of the plasmid suggests it encodes a chimaeric protein. plasmids containing th ... | 2003 | 12624214 |
| the 1.75 a crystal structure of acetyl-coa synthetase bound to adenosine-5'-propylphosphate and coenzyme a. | acetyl-coenzyme a synthetase catalyzes the two-step synthesis of acetyl-coa from acetate, atp, and coa and belongs to a family of adenylate-forming enzymes that generate an acyl-amp intermediate. this family includes other acyl- and aryl-coa synthetases, firefly luciferase, and the adenylation domains of the modular nonribosomal peptide synthetases. we have determined the x-ray crystal structure of acetyl-coa synthetase complexed with adenosine-5'-propylphosphate and coa. the structure identifie ... | 2003 | 12627952 |
| adaptive responses of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 and other s. typhimurium strains and escherichia coli o157 to low ph environments. | cattle are a known main reservoir for acid-resistant escherichia coli o157 and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104. we studied the response of s. typhimurium dt104 to extreme low ph environments and compared their response to that of acid-resistant e. coli o157 and other s. typhimurium phage types. | 2003 | 12631198 |
| construction and evaluation of a eukaryotic expression plasmid for stable delivery using attenuated salmonella. | an approach to enhancing the stability of eukaryotic expression plasmids for delivery using attenuated salmonella has been evaluated. the expression apparatus and beta-galactosidase gene from the expression plasmid, pcmvbeta, was cloned into the low copy number plasmid plg339. the resulting construct, plgbetagal, was shown to have a lower copy number than pcmvbeta in salmonella enterica var typhimurium aroa strain sl7207. furthermore, beta-galactosidase-specific antibody was induced in mice foll ... | 2003 | 12631472 |
| systemic and enteric colonization of pigs by a hila signature-tagged mutant of salmonella choleraesuis. | although host adapted to pigs, salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis (s. choleraesuis) can induce a virulent foodborne salmonellosis in humans. to directly investigate virulence factors of s. choleraesuis, we extended the functional genomics approach of signature-tagged mutagenesis to s. choleraesuis and pigs. when a test pool of 45 randomly signature-tagged null mutants was inoculated orally and intraperitoneally in pigs, one of the mutants that failed to colonize by either route was tagged ... | 2003 | 12631476 |
| investigation of human infections with salmonella enterica serovar java in scotland and possible association with imported poultry. | pfge analysis of s. java strains (29 from humans, 30 from poultry meat) showed two major clusters. all isolates from poultry imported from the netherlands belonged to cluster a, which also comprised 10 human isolates. thirty-one of the 37 isolates in this cluster had an identical javx1 pattern, similar to the x8 profile of a particular s. java clone predominant in poultry production in several european countries. cluster b comprised 19 human isolates and two poultry isolates of unknown origin. t ... | 2003 | 12631973 |
| antimicrobial drug resistance in isolates of salmonella enterica from cases of salmonellosis in humans in europe in 2000: results of international multi-centre surveillance. | the enter-net surveillance system received results of antimicrobial sensitivity tests for isolates from over 27 000 cases of human salmonellosis in 2000 in 10 european countries. almost 40% of isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, with 18% multiresistant. resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphonamides and tetracyclines was common, with over 20% of isolates resistant to at least one of these antimicrobials. clinical resistance to ciprofloxacin was rare, with only 0.5% of i ... | 2003 | 12631974 |
| monocytic activation of protein tyrosine kinase, protein kinase a and protein kinase c induced by porins isolated from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | in the present study a monocytic cell line, u937, was used to investigate the possible involvement of protein tyrosine kinases (nt-ptks), protein kinase a (pka) and protein kinase c (pkc) in cell signaling pathways following salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium porin stimulation. | 2003 | 12634073 |
| interactions of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar muenchen with intestinal explants of the turtle trachemys scripta scripta. | salmonella infections in reptiles, in contrast to those in birds and mammals, are limited to the intestinal tract. in this study, interactions of a strain of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar muenchen (seem) with intestinal explants of the turtle trachemys scripta scripta were examined by scanning electron microscopy (sem). adhesion and invasion in the chelonian intestinal explants at 30 degrees c and 37 degrees c were evaluated quantitatively. for purposes of comparison, the invasive ... | 2003 | 12634088 |
| subtyping of pathogenic escherichia coli strains using flagellar (h)-antigens: serotyping versus flic polymorphisms. | serotyping of o- and h-antigens is regarded as the gold standard in classification of e. coli for taxonomic and epidemiological purposes similar to the kaufmann-white scheme for salmonella enterica. molecular methods to replace or to support the serotyping have been applied recently. using the molecular polymorphism of the flagella (h-antigen) gene flic, more than 220 e. coli strains derived from the e. coli reference collection for o- and h-antigens (the international escherichia and klebsiella ... | 2003 | 12635930 |
| evaluation of the 1-2 test for detecting salmonella in swine feces. | the 1-2 test is a rapid culture test for the detection of motile salmonella. the aim of this study was to evaluate the 1-2 test for its ability to detect salmonella in swine feces following preenrichment and selective enrichment. pooled pen fecal samples (n = 118) and pig rectal swabs (n = 51) were cultured for salmonella by the 1-2 test, which was compared with the standard isolation protocol currently used in our laboratory. in addition, pen fecal samples known to be free of salmonella were sp ... | 2003 | 12636313 |
| emergence of ceftriaxone-resistant salmonella isolates and rapid spread of plasmid-encoded cmy-2-like cephalosporinase, taiwan. | of 384 salmonella isolates collected from 1997 to 2000 in a university hospital in taiwan, six ceftriaxone-resistant isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium were found in two patients in 2000. the resistance determinants were on conjugative plasmids that encoded a cmy-2-like cephalosporinase. during the study period, the proportion of cmy-2-like enzyme producers among escherichia coli increased rapidly from 0.2% in early 1999 to >4.0% in late 2000. klebsiella pneumoniae isolates prod ... | 2003 | 12643826 |
| genomic diversification among archival strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt7. | to document genomic changes during long periods of storage, we analyzed salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt7, a mutator strain that was previously reported to have higher rates of mutations compared to other serovar typhimurium strains such as lt2. upon plating directly from sealed agar stabs that had been stocked at room temperature for up to four decades, many auxotrophic mutants derived from lt7 gave rise to colonies of different sizes. restreaking from single colonies consistently yie ... | 2003 | 12644482 |
| comparative genomics of salmonella enterica serovar typhi strains ty2 and ct18. | we present the 4.8-mb complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica serovar typhi strain ty2, a human-specific pathogen causing typhoid fever. a comparison with the genome sequence of recently isolated s. enterica serovar typhi strain ct18 showed that 29 of the 4,646 predicted genes in ty2 are unique to this strain, while 84 genes are unique to ct18. both genomes contain more than 200 pseudogenes; 9 of these genes in ct18 are intact in ty2, while 11 intact ct18 genes are pseudogenes in ty2. a ... | 2003 | 12644504 |
| [enteric salmonella pancarditis. diagnosis of site by examination with 67gallium]. | 2003 | 12646101 | |
| comparison of the genome sequences of listeria monocytogenes and listeria innocua: clues for evolution and pathogenicity. | listeria monocytogenes, an invasive opportunistic, food-borne pathogen, remains one of the leading causes of mortality from food-borne infections. the recently determined complete genome sequences of l. monocytogenes strain egde and of that of the closely related non-pathogenic species listeria innocua strain clip11262 enhance our knowledge of the genetic basis of the virulence of l. monocytogenes and advance our understanding of the evolution of these listeria species. both genomes encode a hig ... | 2003 | 12648839 |
| enterobacterial adhesins and the case for studying snps in bacteria. | single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in structural genes can have a dramatic effect on the biology of whole organisms, from bacteria and viruses to mammals. here, we underscore the importance of snps in bacterial genes that contribute to the ability of pathogens to cause disease. snps that confer an adaptive advantage for bacterial pathogens have been discovered in the genes encoding the fimh and dr adhesins of escherichia coli and, most recently, salmonella enterica sv. typhimurium fimh. | 2003 | 12648942 |
| cpg odn enhances uptake of bacteria by mouse macrophages. | unmethylated cpg motif in synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide (cpg odn) or bacterial dna is well recognized for its role in innate immunity, including enhancing production of no and cytokines by macrophages. in the present study, we demonstrated the effect of cpg odn on the phagocytic uptake of bacteria by macrophages. flow cytometric analysis of mouse macrophages (raw 264.7) incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-labelled burkholderia pseudomallei, salmonella enterica serovar typhi or esch ... | 2003 | 12653838 |
| the use of nasba for the detection of microbial pathogens in food and environmental samples. | the isothermal amplification method nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba), which amplifies rna, has been reported as useful for the detection of microbial pathogens in food and environmental samples. methods have been published for campylobacter spp., listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica ser. enteritidis in various foods and for cryptosporidium parvum in water. both 16s rrna and various mrnas have been used as target molecules for detection; the latter may have advantages i ... | 2003 | 12654488 |
| detection of pathogenic bacteria in shellfish using multiplex pcr followed by covalink nh microwell plate sandwich hybridization. | outbreak of diseases associated with consumption of raw shellfish especially oysters is a major concern to the seafood industry and public health agencies. a multiplex pcr amplification of targeted gene segments followed by dna-dna sandwich hybridization was optimized to detect the etiologic agents. first, a multiplex pcr amplification of hns, spvb, vvh, ctx and tl was developed enabling simultaneous detection of total salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, vibrio vulnificus, vibrio cholerae ... | 2003 | 12654491 |
| imipenem resistance in a salmonella clinical strain due to plasmid-mediated class a carbapenemase kpc-2. | a salmonella enterica serotype cubana isolate exhibiting resistance to most beta-lactam antibiotics, including oxyimino-cephalosporins and imipenem, was isolated from a 4-year-old boy with gastroenteritis in maryland. beta-lactam resistance was mediated by a conjugative plasmid that encoded kpc-2, a class a carbapenemase previously found in a klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from the maryland area as well. sequence analysis of the flanking regions indicated a potential association of bla(kpc-2) wit ... | 2003 | 12654661 |
| integron-associated antibiotic resistance in salmonella enterica serovar typhi from asia. | eighteen of 25 isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhi were multidrug resistant and contained class 1 integrons with a single cassette, dfrvii or aada1. the dfrvii-containing integron was likely borne on an inchi1 plasmid. salmonella serovar typhi could become resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins by integrating cassettes, such as veb-1, a common cassette in asia. | 2003 | 12654684 |
| florfenicol resistance in salmonella enterica serovar newport mediated by a plasmid related to r55 from klebsiella pneumoniae. | florfenicol resistance has emerged over the past few years in multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium, agona and paratyphi b. the flor gene encoding florfenicol resistance is chromosomally located in these serovars within a genomic island of 43 kb called sgi1 (salmonella genomic island 1). in the present study, we characterized florfenicol resistance in a strain of s. enterica serovar newport isolated from a turkey in 1990 and that lacked sgi1. florfenicol resistance was med ... | 2003 | 12654754 |
| contribution of the shigella flexneri sit, iuc, and feo iron acquisition systems to iron acquisition in vitro and in cultured cells. | shigella flexneri possesses multiple iron acquisition systems, including proteins involved in the synthesis and uptake of siderophores and the feo system for ferrous iron utilization. we identified an additional s. flexneri putative iron transport gene, sita, in a screen for s. flexneri genes that are induced in the eukaryotic intracellular environment. sita was present in all shigella species and in most enteroinvasive escherichia coli strains but not in any other e. coli isolates tested. the s ... | 2003 | 12654809 |
| autodisplay: development of an efficacious system for surface display of antigenic determinants in salmonella vaccine strains. | to optimize antigen delivery by salmonella vaccine strains, a system for surface display of antigenic determinants was established by using the autotransporter secretion pathway of gram-negative bacteria. a modular system for surface display allowed effective targeting of heterologous antigens or fragments thereof to the bacterial surface by the autotransporter domain of aida-i, the escherichia coli adhesin involved in diffuse adherence. a major histocompatibility complex class ii-restricted epi ... | 2003 | 12654812 |
| major histocompatibility complex heterozygote superiority during coinfection. | genes of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) play a critical role in immune recognition, and many alleles confer susceptibility to infectious and autoimmune diseases. how these deleterious alleles persist in populations is controversial. one hypothesis postulates that mhc heterozygote superiority emerges over multiple infections because mhc-mediated resistance is generally dominant and many allele-specific susceptibilities to pathogens will be masked by the resistant allele in heterozygot ... | 2003 | 12654829 |
| salmonella infection induces a hypersecretory phenotype in human intestinal xenografts by inducing cyclooxygenase 2. | enteric salmonella infection is accompanied by inflammation and diarrhea, and yet little is known about its effects on intestinal epithelial physiology. since species differences limit the utility of animal tissues and cell lines lack relevant cell-cell interactions, we have used a human model of fetal intestine grown as xenografts in scid mice. we investigated here the effects of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium sl1344 on xenograft ion transport. harvested xenografts were stripped of ser ... | 2003 | 12654832 |
| rapid protection of gnotobiotic pigs against experimental salmonellosis following induction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes by avirulent salmonella enterica. | oral inoculation of 5-day-old gnotobiotic pigs with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain f98 resulted in severe enteritis and invasive disease. preinoculation 24 h earlier with an avirulent mutant of salmonella enterica serovar infantis (1326/28) completely prevented disease for up to 14 days (when the experiment was terminated). s. enterica serovar infantis colonized the alimentary tract well, with high bacterial counts in the intestinal lumen but with almost no invasion into the tiss ... | 2003 | 12654840 |
| vector priming reduces the immunogenicity of salmonella-based vaccines in nramp1+/+ mice. | the present studies in nramp1(-/-) balb/c and nramp1(+/+) cba mice question the significance of this genotype as a determinant of the level of gut colonization following oral administration of naturally attenuated or highly virulent salmonella strains. in line with previous results in balb/c hosts, vector priming of cba mice with salmonella enterica serovar stanley was found to significantly compromise the immunogenicity of a recombinant construct expressing a foreign pilus protein. | 2003 | 12654852 |
| a non-redundant microarray of genes for two related bacteria. | a microarray with sequences from the annotated open reading frames (orfs) in salmonella enterica subspecies 1, serovar typhimurium was supplemented with annotated chromosomal orfs from serovar typhi that are divergent from typhimurium (>10% dna sequence divergence). this non- redundant array was used to (i) measure changes in gene copy number in dna from actively growing versus stationary typhi and (ii) to reveal the transcriptional response of typhi to peroxide, a stress similar to that experie ... | 2003 | 12655003 |
| salmochelins, siderophores of salmonella enterica and uropathogenic escherichia coli strains, are recognized by the outer membrane receptor iron. | members of a family of catecholate siderophores, called salmochelins, were isolated by reversed-phase hplc from salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium and structurally characterized by fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-msms and gc-ms. the tentative structure of salmochelin 1 contained two 2,3- dihydroxybenzoylserine moieties bridged by a glucose residue, bound to the serine hydroxyl group of one moiety and the carboxylate of the second moiety. salmochelin 2 contained in addition a seco ... | 2003 | 12655053 |
| antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis: relationships between mutations conferring quinolone resistance, integrons, plasmids and genetic types. | in 481 clinical isolates of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis collected from a spanish region in 2000, 108, 83 and four isolates were resistant, respectively, to nalidixic acid, ampicillin or both. nalidixic acid resistance was the result of dna gyrase mutations involving the codons asp-87 (97 isolates) and ser-83 (15 isolates) of the gyra gene; no mutations in parc were detected. in ampicillin-resistant strains, blatem genes located on plasmids and/or the chromosome were implicated. five ... | 2003 | 12668577 |
| the yggx protein of salmonella enterica is involved in fe(ii) trafficking and minimizes the dna damage caused by hydroxyl radicals: residue cys-7 is essential for yggx function. | previous work from our laboratory identified yggx as a protein whose accumulation increased the resistance of salmonella enterica to superoxide stress, reversed defects attributed to oxidized [fe-s] clusters, and decreased the spontaneous mutation frequency of the cells. here we present work aimed at determining why the accumulation of yggx correlates with reduced mutation frequency. genetic and biochemical data showed that accumulation of yggx reduced the damage to dna by hydroxyl radicals. the ... | 2003 | 12670952 |
| acid shock accumulation of sigma s in salmonella enterica involves increased translation, not regulated degradation. | enteric pathogens such as salmonella enterica and escherichia coli face the daunting task of surviving passage through the extremely acid ph of the stomach in order to establish an infection in the host intestinal tract. these organisms have evolved elaborate stress response systems that aid in survival. the alternative sigma factor sigma(s) is a key regulator of many stress responses in s. enterica and is regulated at the levels of transcription, translation, and protein stability. of these con ... | 2003 | 12673058 |
| virk, soma and rcsc are important for systemic salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection and cationic peptide resistance. | salmonella must express and deploy a type iii secretion system located in salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi-2) in order to survive in host phagocytic vacuoles and to cause systemic infection in mouse models of typhoid fever. a genome-wide approach to screening for salmonella genes that are transcriptionally co-regulated in vitro with spi-2 genes was used to identify bacterial loci that might function in a mouse model of systemic disease. strains with mutations in three spi-2 co-expressed ge ... | 2003 | 12675799 |
| turnover of flhd and flhc, master regulator proteins for salmonella flagellum biogenesis, by the atp-dependent clpxp protease. | in enterobacteria such as salmonella, flagellar biogenesis is dependent upon the master operon flhdc at the apex of the flagellar gene hierarchy, which is divided into three classes 1, 2 and 3. previously we reported that depletion of the clpxp atp-dependent protease results in dramatic enhancement of class 2 and class 3 gene transcription, whereas the transcription level of the flhdc operon remains normal in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. this suggests that the clpxp protease may be r ... | 2003 | 12675803 |
| the role of dna base excision repair in the pathogenesis of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the intracellular pathogen, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, is able to proliferate in phagocytes, although reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates are lethal to most phagocytosed bacteria. to determine whether repair of oxidatively damaged dna is involved in s. typhimurium intramacrophage proliferation, null mutants of the dna base excision repair (ber) system were generated. these mutants were deficient in discrete enzymes (deltanth, deltanei, deltaxth, deltanfo) or in the defined g ... | 2003 | 12675811 |
| protein-peptidoglycan interactions modulate the assembly of the needle complex in the salmonella invasion-associated type iii secretion system. | the invasion-associated type iii secretion system of salmonella enterica assembles as a supra-molecular structure, termed needle complex, which spans the bacterial envelope. here, we present evidence for protein-peptidoglycan interactions that modulate the assembly of this organelle. the presence of major membrane components of the needle complex (prgh, prgk and invg) and invh, required for efficient assembly of the organelle, was examined in peptidoglycan purified by extensive boiling of bacter ... | 2003 | 12675813 |
| the rise and fall of salmonella enteritidis in the uk. | after rising in the early 1980s, the number of recorded human cases of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in the uk has fallen in the last 5 years, with a particular decline in cases of infection with serovar enteritidis. this decline has been concomitant with the introduction of vaccination of egg-laying hens against serovar enteritidis. it is likely that other factors such as improved biosecurity in egg-laying flocks, a build-up of immunity in other animals and the rise in the number of lives ... | 2003 | 12675943 |
| involvement of nitric oxide donor compounds in the bactericidal activity of human neutrophils in vitro. | the bactericidal activity of human neutrophils against extracellular and facultatively intracellular bacteria was studied in the presence of the nitric oxide (no) donors sodium nitroprusside (snp) and 3-morpholinosydnonimine (sin-1), a molsidomine metabolite. snp and molsidomine are drugs commonly used as nitrovasodilators in coronary heart disease. it is demonstrated here that the no donor compounds themselves did not affect the viability and survival of the bacterial strains tested. neither sn ... | 2003 | 12676868 |
| closing the loop: the pmra/pmrb two-component system negatively controls expression of its posttranscriptional activator pmrd. | a fundamental question in biology is how an organism integrates multiple signals to mediate an appropriate cellular response. the pmrapmrb two-component system of salmonella enterica can be activated independently by fe(3+), which is sensed by the pmrb protein, and in low mg(2+), which is sensed by the phoq protein. the low-mg(2+) activation requires pmrd, a phopphoq-activated gene that activates the response regulator pmra at a posttranscriptional level. we now report that pmrd expression is ne ... | 2003 | 12676988 |
| screening method for salmonella enterica serovar typhi and serovar paratyphi a with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi and serovar paratyphi a with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones (mics of ciprofloxacin, 0.25 to 2 microg/ml) have a mutation at codon either ser-83 or asp-87 of gyra gene. a screening method by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) was designed to screen the mutations at codon ser-83 and asp-87 of the gyra gene of s. enterica serovar typhi and serovar paratyphi a clinical isolates. this method successfully screened the gyra mutations of ... | 2003 | 12680720 |
| dna fingerprinting of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium with emphasis on phage type dt104 based on variable number of tandem repeat loci. | seventy-eight human and environmental strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium, as well as 18 isolates of other salmonella serovars and 6 isolates of escherichia coli, were subjected to a novel variable number of tandem repeats (vntr)-based fingerprinting method that showed high discrimination and reproducibility for typing serovar typhimurium isolates. the method is based on capillary separation of pcr products from fluorescence-labeled vntr in the serovar typhimurium ... | 2003 | 12682132 |
| analysis of molecular epidemiology of chilean salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and bacteriophage typing. | human salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis infections emerged in chile in 1994. s. enterica serotype enteritidis phage type 1 isolates predominated in the north, and phage type 4 isolates predominated in the central and southern regions. a study was planned to characterize this epidemic using the best discriminatory typing technique. research involved 441 s. enterica serotype enteritidis isolates, including clinical preepidemic samples (n = 74; 1975 to 1993) and epidemic (n = 199), food (n = ... | 2003 | 12682153 |
| genetic modulation of shigella flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide o antigen modal chain length reveals that it has been optimized for virulence. | the lipopolysaccharide (lps) molecules of shigella flexneri 2a have o antigen (oag) polysaccharides with two modal chain length distributions. the chromosomal wzz(sf) gene results in short (s) type oag chains [11-17 oag repeat units (rus)], and the phs-2 plasmid-located wzz(phs2) gene results in very long (vl) type oag chains (>90 oag rus). s. flexneri wzz(sf) mutants are unable to form plaques on hela cell monolayers and f-actin comet tails, indicating that icsa/virg function in actin-based mot ... | 2003 | 12686635 |
| attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhi and shigella flexneri 2a strains mucosally deliver dna vaccines encoding measles virus hemagglutinin, inducing specific immune responses and protection in cotton rats. | measles remains a leading cause of child mortality in developing countries. residual maternal measles antibodies and immunologic immaturity dampen immunogenicity of the current vaccine in young infants. because cotton rat respiratory tract is susceptible to measles virus (mv) replication after intranasal (i.n.) challenge, this model can be used to assess the efficacy of mv vaccines. pursuing a new measles vaccine strategy that might be effective in young infants, we used attenuated salmonella en ... | 2003 | 12692223 |
| adhesion of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis isolates to chicken isthmal glandular secretions. | the ability of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis isolates to adhere to immobilized secretions of the isthmus of the laying hen was determined in an elisa-type assay. one-third of the 56 isolates tested in the logarithmic growth phase, adhered to the isthmal secretions. using a binding assay of the isolates to thin paraffin sections of the oviduct, we demonstrated that the receptor of the adhesion was localized inside the tubular gland cells of the isthmus. the adhesion to immobilized isth ... | 2003 | 12695046 |
| incubation of supplemented egg contents pools to support rapid detection of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | detecting internal contamination of eggs with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) is an important aspect of efforts to identify infected laying flocks. when egg contents pools are tested for salmonella enteritidis, a preliminary incubation step is often employed to allow small initial populations of contaminants to multiply to more easily detectable numbers. consistent detection of salmonella enteritidis in egg pools by direct plating requires the presence of at leas ... | 2003 | 12696691 |
| significance analysis of lexical bias in microarray data. | genes that are determined to be significantly differentially regulated in microarray analyses often appear to have functional commonalities, such as being components of the same biochemical pathway. this results in certain words being under- or overrepresented in the list of genes. distinguishing between biologically meaningful trends and artifacts of annotation and analysis procedures is of the utmost importance, as only true biological trends are of interest for further experimentation. a numb ... | 2003 | 12697067 |
| propionyl coenzyme a is a common intermediate in the 1,2-propanediol and propionate catabolic pathways needed for expression of the prpbcde operon during growth of salmonella enterica on 1,2-propanediol. | the studies reported here identify propionyl coenzyme a (propionyl-coa) as the common intermediate in the 1,2-propanediol and propionate catabolic pathways of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2. growth on 1,2-propanediol as a carbon and energy source led to the formation and excretion of propionate, whose activation to propionyl-coa relied on the activities of the propionate kinase (pduw)/phosphotransacetylase (pta) enzyme system and the cobb sirtuin-controlled acetyl-coa and propionyl- ... | 2003 | 12700259 |
| species-wide variation in the escherichia coli flagellin (h-antigen) gene. | escherichia coli is a clonal species. the best-understood components of its clonal variation are the flagellar (h) and polysaccharide (o) antigens, both well documented since the mid-1930s because of their use in serotyping. flagellin is the protein subunit of the flagellum that carries h-antigen specificity. we show that 43 of the 54 h-antigen specificities of e. coli map to the flagellin gene at flic and sequenced all 43 forms and confirmed specificity of each by cloning and expression. this i ... | 2003 | 12700273 |
| alfalfa seed decontamination in a salmonella outbreak. | based on in vitro data, the u.s. food and drug administration recommends chemical disinfection of raw sprout seeds to reduce enteric pathogens contaminating the seed coats. however, little is known about the effectiveness of decontamination at preventing human disease. in 1999, an outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype mbandaka occurred in oregon, washington, idaho, and california. based on epidemiologic and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis evidence from 87 confirmed cases, the outbreak was li ... | 2003 | 12702229 |
| first incursion of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt160 into new zealand. | an outbreak of human salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt160 infection in new zealand was investigated from may to august 2001. handling of dead wild birds, contact with persons with diarrheal illness, and consumption of fast food were associated with infection. contaminated roof-collected rainwater was also detected. | 2003 | 12702234 |
| automated ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for rapid identification of multidrug-resistant salmonella serotype newport. | in a series of 116 salmonella enterica newport isolates that included 64 multidrug-resistant (mdr) isolates, automated ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) discriminated mdr s. newport with a sensitivity of 100% and 98% and specificity of 76% and 89%, respectively. clustering of pfge patterns (but not ribotyping) linked human and bovine cases. automated ribotyping rapidly identified the mdr strain, and pfge detected associations that aided epidemiologic investigations. | 2003 | 12702235 |
| the h box-harboring domain is key to the function of the salmonella enterica phoq mg2+-sensor in the recognition of its partner phop. | in two-component signaling systems, the transduction strategy relies on a conserved his-asp phosphoryl exchange between the sensor histidine kinase and its cognate response-regulator, and structural and functional consensus motifs are found when comparing either the diverse histidine kinases or response regulators present in a single cell. therefore, the mechanism that guarantees the specific recognition between partners of an individual pair is essential to unequivocally generate the appropriat ... | 2003 | 12702718 |
| pretreatment of mice with streptomycin provides a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium colitis model that allows analysis of both pathogen and host. | salmonella enterica subspecies 1 serovar typhimurium is a principal cause of human enterocolitis. for unknown reasons, in mice serovar typhimurium does not provoke intestinal inflammation but rather targets the gut-associated lymphatic tissues and causes a systemic typhoid-like infection. the lack of a suitable murine model has limited the analysis of the pathogenetic mechanisms of intestinal salmonellosis. we describe here how streptomycin-pretreated mice provide a mouse model for serovar typhi ... | 2003 | 12704158 |
| coordinate regulation of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium invasion of epithelial cells by the arp2/3 complex and rho gtpases. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium can infect epithelial cells via the basolateral surface after breaching the intestinal epithelium, yet little is known about this process. here, we show that actin polymerization driven by the arp2/3 complex is critical to both basolateral and apical bacterial invasion of polarized mdck cells. while there is also a dependence upon toxin b-sensitive rho gtpases, none of the four gtpases known to be activated by s. enterica serovar typhimurium sope are indiv ... | 2003 | 12704163 |
| a 5-year study of the bacterial pathogens associated with acute diarrhoea on the island of crete, greece, and their resistance to antibiotics. | during a 5-year period (1995-1999) a total of 7090 stool samples obtained from patients with acute diarrhoea, mostly community-acquired, were examined for bacterial pathogens, in the greek island of crete. one or more enteric pathogens were isolated from 987 patients (14%). salmonella enterica were the most commonly isolated bacteria (6%), followed by campylobacter spp. (4.2%), and enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) (1.8%). yersinia enterocolitica (0.6%), shigella spp. (0.3%), and aeromona ... | 2003 | 12705628 |
| a conductometric biosensor for biosecurity. | the paper describes the development of a conductometric biosensor for detecting foodborne pathogens. the biosensor consists of two components: an immunosensor that is based on electrochemical sandwich immunoassay, and a reader for signal measurement. the architecture of the immunosensor utilizes a lateral flow system that allows the liquid sample to move from one pad to another. the biosensor provides a specific, sensitive, low volume, and near real-time detection mechanism. results are presente ... | 2003 | 12706596 |
| crystal structure of 2-methylisocitrate lyase (prpb) from escherichia coli and modelling of its ligand bound active centre. | following acetate, propionate is the second most abundant low molecular mass carbon compound found in soil. many microorganisms, including most, if not all fungi, as well as several aerobic bacteria, such as escherichia coli and salmonella enterica oxidize propionate via the methylcitrate cycle. the enzyme 2-methylisocitrate lyase (prpb) from escherichia coli catalysing the last step of this cycle, the cleavage of 2-methylisocitrate to pyruvate and succinate, was crystallised and its structure d ... | 2003 | 12706720 |
| m1 protein triggers a phosphoinositide cascade for group a streptococcus invasion of epithelial cells. | invasion of nonphagocytic cells by bacteria provides a favorable niche for persistence and evasion of host defenses and antibiotics. m protein is a major virulence factor because it promotes high-frequency invasion of epithelial cells by group a streptococcus (gas) and also renders the bacterium resistant to phagocytosis. in this study, we investigated the role of m1 protein from serotype m1 strain 90-226 in regulating mammalian signal transduction and cytoskeletal rearrangement for bacterial en ... | 2003 | 14500504 |
| intracellular adhesion molecule 1 plays a key role in acquired immunity to salmonellosis. | this study investigated the role of intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (icam-1) during salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection of mice. we show that icam-1 is expressed in and around granulomas on day 4 of infection in wild-type mice. however, when naive icam-1(-/-) mice were challenged with a sublethal dose of serovar typhimurium, there were no detectable differences in systemic bacterial burden over the first 9 days of infection compared to wild-type control mice. when mice were immun ... | 2003 | 14500509 |
| the type ivb pili of salmonella enterica serovar typhi bind to the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi expresses type ivb pili. we show that the prepils protein (the soluble precursor form of the structural pilin) interacts with a 15-mer peptide representing the first extracellular domain of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr), a recognized human epithelial cell receptor for serovar typhi (g. b. pier et al., nature 393:79-82, 1998). this indicates that after mediating bacterial self-association (c. morris et al., infect. immun. 71:1141- ... | 2003 | 14500527 |