Publications

[genome analysis and primer sets determination for listeria species detection and gene typing].	computer analysis of listeria genome isolates of sequences from embl, genbank, ddbj data bases has been made. variable and highly conservative (homology degree is 90-100% for all known isolates) genes loci iap and listeriolysin (cytolysin) gene locuses have been determined. primer sets for detection and differentiation of listeria species by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were designed by computer and following thermodynamic analysis. primer sets can provide detection of listeria monocytogenes, ...	2002	12436870
outbreak of listeriosis--northeastern united states, 2002.	a multistate outbreak of listeria monocytogenes infections with 46 culture-confirmed cases, seven deaths, and three stillbirths or miscarriages in eight states has been linked to eating sliceable turkey deli meat. cases have been reported from pennsylvania (14 cases), new york (11 in new york city and seven in other locations), new jersey (five), delaware (four), maryland (two), connecticut (one), massachusetts (one), and michigan (one). culture dates ranged from july 18 to september 30, 2002; c ...	2002	12437035
typing of food-borne listeria monocytogenes by the optimized repetitive extragenic palindrome-based polymerase chain reaction.	the repetitive extragenic palindrome-based polymerase chain reaction was optimized for typing listeria monocytogenes by 1) using the qlaamp method to increase the reproducibility of dna isolation, 2) running pcr with three different dna concentrations in parallel, 3) using antibody-protected therrnostable dna polymerase to reduce non-specific priming, and 4) using an improved temperature programme to increase the amplification yield. when applied to 42 l. monocytogenes strains isolated from food ...	2002	12437224
differences in expression of toll-like receptors and their reactivities in dendritic cells in balb/c and c57bl/6 mice.	we have previously reported that differences in early production of interleukin 12 (il-12) by dendritic cells (dc) underlies the difference between the susceptibilities to listeria monocytogenes of c57bl/6 and balb/c mice. to elucidate mechanisms for the different abilities of dc to produce cytokine in c57bl/6 and balb/c mice, we examined toll-like receptor (tlr) expression by dc and their responses in vitro to known microbial ligands for tlrs. we found that dc isolated from the spleens of naive ...	2002	12438336
concomitant cytosolic delivery of two immunodominant listerial antigens by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium confers superior protection against murine listeriosis.	during its interaction with host cells, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium employs a type iii secretion system for cytosolic targeting of virulence factors. this protein translocation mechanism is a useful tool for heterologous antigen delivery by attenuated salmonella vaccine carrier strains. in the present study, we used the yersinia outer protein e (yope) as a carrier molecule for salmonella type iii-dependent cytosolic delivery of the immunodominant cd8 t-cell antigens listeriolysin o ( ...	2002	12438393
expression of nadph oxidase-dependent resistance to listeriosis in mice occurs during the first 6 to 12 hours of liver infection.	wild-type mice inoculated with listeria monocytogenes intravenously were capable of reducing the bacterial load in their livers by 90% within 6 h. in contrast, mice with deletions of the gene for nadph oxidase were incapable of expressing this early oxygen-dependent anti-listeria defense and consequently showed higher levels of liver infection at later times.	2002	12438407
rescue of cd8 t cell-mediated antimicrobial immunity with a nonspecific inflammatory stimulus.	reconstitution of protective immunity by adoptive transfer of pathogen-specific t cells has been successful in patients with compromised cellular immunity. the in vivo effectiveness of in vitro-expanded cd8 ctls is variable, however. for example, adoptively transferred listeria monocytogenes-specific cd8 ctls only confer protective immunity if challenge infection occurs within 48 hours of t cell infusion. herein we show that transferred ctls persist in lymphoid compartments for many weeks, but t ...	2002	12438447
mri findings in mesenrhombencephalitis due to listeria monocytogenes.		2002	12438491
listeria monocytogenes mediated cftr transgene transfer to mammalian cells.	several approaches for gene therapy of cystic fibrosis using viral and non-viral vectors are currently being undertaken. nevertheless, the present data suggest that vectors currently being used will either have to be further modified or, alternatively, novel vector systems need to be developed. recently, bacteria have been proven as suitable vehicles for dna transfer to a wide variety of eukaryotic cells. in this study, we assessed the ability of the facultative intracellular pathogen listeria m ...	2002	12439857
[epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in france in 1999].	in france, two sources of data, the mandatory notification and the laboratory network epibac, allow the health authorities to follow the incidence of bacterial meningitis (bm) and to assess the relative frequency of the micro-organisms responsible for such infection. in 1999, more than 1,000 cases of bm were notified in france. the more common micro-organisms were: streptococcus pneumoniae 46%, neisseria meningitidis 32% and streptococcus agalactiae(or streptococcus b) 11%. listeria monocytogene ...	2002	12442076
macrophage intracellular signaling induced by listeria monocytogenes.	macrophages are critical for control of listeria monocytogenes infections; accordingly, the interactions of l. monocytogenes with these cells have been intensively studied. it has become apparent that this facultative intracellular pathogen interacts with macrophages both prior to entry and during the intracellular phase. this review covers recent work on signaling induced in macrophages by l. monocytogenes, especially intracellular signals induced by secreted proteins including listeriolysin o ...	2002	12443898
production of type i ifn sensitizes macrophages to cell death induced by listeria monocytogenes.	type i ifns (ifn-alpha/beta) modulate innate immune responses. here we show activation of transcription factor ifn regulatory factor 3, the synthesis of large amounts of ifn-beta mrna, and type i ifn signal transduction in macrophages infected with listeria monocytogenes. expression of the bacterial virulence protein listeriolysin o was necessary, but not sufficient, for efficient ifn-beta production. signaling through a pathway involving the type i ifn receptor and stat1 sensitized macrophages ...	2002	12444163
suppression of host resistance to listeria monocytogenes by acute cold/restraint stress: lack of direct il-6 involvement.	we conducted kinetic studies to evaluate the effects of acute cold/restraint stress (acrs) on both primary and secondary host resistance to listeria monocytogenes (lm). the involvement of il-6 also was investigated using il-6 knockout (ko) mice on the balb/c background. acrs dramatically increased the serum corticosterone levels, indicating that acrs activated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis. acrs significantly inhibited host resistance to lm during a primary but not a secondary lm ...	2002	12446016
oral vaccination with recombinant listeria monocytogenes expressing human papillomavirus type 16 e7 can cause tumor growth in mice to regress.	listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacterium with the ability to present secreted proteins to the major histocompatibility complex class i pathway to stimulate cell-mediated immune response. in our study, we constructed the recombinant l. monocytogenes encoding human papillomavirus type 16 e7 gene (rlm-e7). when orally administered to syngeneic mice, rlm-e7 could induce a cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) response. furthermore, in vitro flow cytometric assay and in v ...	2002	12448006
[listeria monocytogenes in vegetables minimally processed].	the demand of vegetables minimally processed (ready-to-use) has increased partly due to the frequent use of the food services, where the salads are always included in the daily menus. the use of new technologies for processing and packaging has made possible to obtain a product ready to serve. nevertheless the associated risk of the presence of emergent pathogens, such as listeria monocytogenes seems to be involved. the aim of this work was to assess the microbiological quality of this kind of f ...	2002	12448343
from the centers for disease control and prevention. outbreak of listeriosis--northeastern united states, 2002.		2002	12448425
defined competitive exclusion cultures in the prevention of enteropathogen colonisation in poultry and swine.	a competitive exclusion culture (ce) containing a mixture of 29 different bacterial isolates obtained from the cecae of broiler chickens was developed utilizing continuous-flow culture techniques. this culture (cf3) has been efficacious in controlling gut colonization by enteropathogens in both experimentally infected broilers and under commercial field conditions. in day-old broiler chicks provided cf3, and challenged with 10,000 cfu salmonella typhimurium greater than a 99% reduction in salmon ...	2002	12448744
demonstration of listeria monocytogenes by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed brain tissues from natural cases of ovine and bovine encephalitis.	in the present work, evidence of listeria monocytogenes antigens based on the avidin-biotin complex (abc) immunoperoxidase technique was performed on formalin-fixed central nervous system tissues (cns) from a total of 23 natural cases of encephalitis (four ovine and 19 bovine). listeria monocytogenes serotype 4 was isolated from 10 of 17 cultured specimens. meningoencephalitis characterized by focal necrosis, microabscesses, perivascular cuffing, and gliosis with presence of macrophages and/or n ...	2002	12449246
modeling the lag time of listeria monocytogenes from viable count enumeration and optical density data.	the following two factors significantly influence estimates of the maximum specific growth rate ( micro (max)) and the lag-phase duration (lambda): (i) the technique used to monitor bacterial growth and (ii) the model fitted to estimate parameters. in this study, nine strains of listeria monocytogenes were monitored simultaneously by optical density (od) analysis and by viable count enumeration (vce) analysis. four usual growth models were fitted to our data, and estimates of growth parameters w ...	2002	12450800
temperature- and surfactant-induced membrane modifications that alter listeria monocytogenes nisin sensitivity by different mechanisms.	nisin interacts with target membranes in four sequential steps: binding, insertion, aggregation, and pore formation. alterations in membrane composition might influence any of these steps. we hypothesized that cold temperatures (10 degrees c) and surfactant (0.1% tween 20) in the growth medium would influence listeria monocytogenes membrane lipid composition, membrane fluidity, and, as a result, sensitivity to nisin. compared to the membranes of cells grown at 30 degrees c, those of l. monocytog ...	2002	12450809
bile stress response in listeria monocytogenes lo28: adaptation, cross-protection, and identification of genetic loci involved in bile resistance.	bile is one of many barriers that listeria monocytogenes must overcome in the human gastrointestinal tract in order to infect and cause disease. we demonstrated that stationary-phase cultures of l. monocytogenes lo28 were able to tolerate concentrations of bovine, porcine, and human bile and bile acids well in excess of those encountered in vivo. strain lo28 was relatively bile resistant compared with other clinical isolates of l. monocytogenes, as well as with listeria innocua, salmonella enter ...	2002	12450822
direct identification in food samples of listeria spp. and listeria monocytogenes by molecular methods.	a new molecular approach for the detection and identification of listeria spp. and listeria monocytogenes in food is presented here. the method is based on the pcr amplification of a fragment of the iap gene from the five species belonging to the genus and on the analysis of the pcr products obtained by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). the protocol was first optimized by using strains from international collections. based on the differences present in the sequences amplified, it w ...	2002	12450852
sensitivity of listeria monocytogenes to sanitizers used in the meat processing industry.	nineteen listeria monocytogenes strains were characterized by automated ribotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and plasmid profiling to determine the relationship between genotype and sanitizer resistance. isolates within a ribogroup had a consistent sensitivity or resistance phenotype except for ribogroup c isolates. all isolates with resistance phenotypes harbored two plasmids. the sensitivity of l. monocytogenes strains to quaternary ammonium compounds (qacs) was correlated with sensit ...	2002	12450868
strategy of escherichia coli for crossing the blood-brain barrier.	a major contributing factor to high mortality and morbidity associated with bacterial meningitis is the incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease: it is unclear how circulating bacteria cross the blood-brain barrier (bbb). recent studies with escherichia coli k1 show that successful traversal of the bbb requires a high degree of bacteremia, invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells (bmec), host cell actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and related signaling pathways, and ...	2002	12424701
listeria monocytogenes-induced monomicrobial non-neutrocytic bacterascites.	spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sbp) is a common complication in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. the organisms most commonly involved in this infection are gram-negative bacteria like escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae, and gram-positive bacteria like streptococcus pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus. listeria monocytogenes is an uncommon gram-positive bacillus implicated in infections in neonates, pregnant females, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. listeria monocyto ...	2002	12425510
trends in indigenous foodborne disease and deaths, england and wales: 1992 to 2000.	commitment to food safety is evidenced by high profile governmental initiatives around the globe. to measure progress towards targets, policy makers need to know the baseline from which they started.	2002	12427786
calcinated calcium killing of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, and listeria monocytogenes on the surface of tomatoes.	this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of calcinated calcium, 200 ppm chlorine water (1% active chlorine), and sterile distilled water in killing escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, and listeria monocytogenes on the surfaces of spot-inoculated tomatoes. inoculated tomatoes were sprayed with calcinated calcium, chlorinated water, or sterile distilled water (control) and hand rubbed for 30 s. populations of e coli o157:h7, salmonella, and l. monocytogenes in the rinse water and in the ...	2002	12430690
biofilm formation by acid-adapted and nonadapted listeria monocytogenes in fresh beef decontamination washings and its subsequent inactivation with sanitizers.	the antimicrobial effects of sodium hypochlorite (sh, 200 ppm, at an adjusted ph of 6.80 +/- 0.20 and at an unadjusted ph of 10.35 +/- 0.25), quaternary ammonium compound (ph 10.20 +/- 0.12, 200 ppm), and peroxyacetic acid (paa, ph 3.45 +/- 0.20, 150 ppm) on previously acid-adapted or nonadapted listeria monocytogenes inoculated (10(5) cfu/ml) into beef decontamination water washings were evaluated. the effects of the sanitizers on suspended cells (planktonic or deattached) and on cells attached ...	2002	12430692
prevalence of listeria monocytogenes during production and postharvest processing of cabbage.	from november 1999 to may 2000, analyses of 425 cabbage, 205 water, and 225 environmental sponge samples from four cabbage farms with packing sheds and from two packing sheds in the rio grande valley and uvalde, tex., were conducted to determine whether listeria monocytogenes was present. samples were tested by the food and drug administration method for the isolation of listeria spp., and confirmed isolates were dna fingerprinted by repetitive-element sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (r ...	2002	12430693
detection of listeria in crawfish processing plants and in raw, whole crawfish and processed crawfish (procambarus spp.).	the foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes represents a major concern to the food industry and particularly to producers of ready-to-eat (rte) foods because of the severity of human listeriosis infections and because of the ubiquitous nature of this organism. although several studies on the prevalence and sources of l monocytogenes in various rte seafoods have been conducted, limited information is available on the presence and potential sources of this organism in rte crawfish products. we t ...	2002	12430694
effect of gamma irradiation on listeria monocytogenes in frozen, artificially contaminated sandwiches.	gamma irradiation has been shown to effectively control l monocytogenes in uncooked meats but has not been extensively studied in ready-to-eat foods. the presence of listeria in ready-to-eat foods is often due to postprocess contamination by organisms in the food-manufacturing environment. because gamma irradiation is applied after products are packaged, the treated foods are protected from environmental recontamination. currently, a petition to allow gamma irradiation of ready-to-eat foods is u ...	2002	12430695
behavior of listeria monocytogenes in avocado pulp and processed guacamole.	the potential ability of listeria monocytogenes to grow or survive in avocado pulp (ap) and processed guacamole (pg) stored at 22, 4 to 7, and -18 degrees c was studied. both products were obtained from a factory in michoacan, mexico. pg consisted of ap mixed with dehydrated vegetables, antioxidants, and preservatives. populations of l monocytogenes in ap stored at 22 degrees c increased from 2 to 6 and 9 log cfu/g after 24 and 48 h, respectively. at 4 to 7 degrees c, the growth rate of l monocy ...	2002	12430696
antioxidant power, lipid oxidation, color, and viability of listeria monocytogenes in beef bologna treated with gamma radiation and containing various levels of glucose.	ionizing radiation can be used to pasteurize ready-to-eat (rte) meat products. thermal processing of rte meats that contain dextrose results in the production of antioxidants that may interfere with ionizing radiation pasteurization of rte meat products. beef bologna was manufactured with dextrose concentrations of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8%. antioxidant activity, as measured by the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, increased with dextrose concentration but was unaffected by ionizing radiation. l ...	2002	12430697
antimicrobial resistance of listeria monocytogenes isolated from various cabbage farms and packing sheds in texas.	twenty-one isolates of listeria monocytogenes from cabbage, environmental, and water samples were evaluated for antimicrobial resistance by the disk diffusion method. ninety-five percent (20 of 21) of the isolates tested were resistant to two or more antimicrobial agents. this finding is significant, since multiresistant strains of listeria spp. are not commonly found in nature. eighty-five percent (17 of 20) of the multiresistant strains were resistant to penicillin, and the remaining multiresi ...	2002	12430706
magnetized carbonyl iron and insoluble zirconium hydroxide mixture facilitates bacterial concentration and separation from nonfat dry milk.	a mixture of magnetized carbonyl iron and insoluble zirconium hydroxide was investigated for its ability to concentrate various foodborne pathogens from 25-ml samples of reconstituted nonfat dry milk. each sample was artificially contaminated with 10(3) to 10(6) cfu/25 ml of representative foodborne pathogens (salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, listeria monocytogenes, and bacillus cereus spores) and processed for bacterial concentration with high-speed centrifugation for the primary concen ...	2002	12430708
listeria monocytogenes virulence and pathogenicity, a food safety perspective.	several virulence factors of listeria monocytogenes have been identified and extensively characterized at the molecular and cell biologic levels, including the hemolysin (listeriolysin o), two distinct phospholipases, a protein (acta), several internalins, and others. their study has yielded an impressive amount of information on the mechanisms employed by this facultative intracellular pathogen to interact with mammalian host cells, escape the host cell's killing mechanisms, and spread from one ...	2002	12430709
[interactions of certain sapronotic infection pathogens in mixed cultures on a solid medium at different temperatures].	under experimental conditions within the time limit of 21-35 days the causative agents of sapronotic infections in binary cultures, grown on a solid medium at 37 degrees c, 25-27 degrees c and 6-8 degrees c, interacted with one another transbiotically and through contact, their interactions having the character of amensalism, commensalisms-amensalism, competitive equilibrium, antibiosis. irrespective of the initial density, a change in the species composition was observed, one of them playing th ...	2002	11949246
efficacy enhancement of trisodium phosphate against spoilage and pathogenic bacteria in model biofilms and on adipose tissue.	a two-step approach for enhancing the efficacy of trisodium phosphate (tsp) was evaluated using meat spoilage and pathogenic bacteria in flow cell biofilms and adipose tissue model systems. the process was based on the plasmolysis of attached bacteria (biofilms) with a hyperosmotic solution (1.5 m nacl) and the subsequent deplasmolysis of cells with a low-osmotic-strength solution containing different concentrations of tsp (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.625, and 1.0 % [wt/vol]). escherichia coli, salmonella ...	2002	11952211
competition of thermally injured listeria monocytogenes with a mesophilic lactic acid starter culture in milk for various heat treatments.	overnight tryptose broth cultures of three l monocytogenes strains were combined, centrifuged, suspended in 200 ml of tryptose phosphate broth, and heated at 56 degrees c for 20 min and at 64 degrees c for 2 min to obtain low-heat-injured (lhi) and high-heat-injured (hhi) cells, respectively, showing >99.6% injury. flasks containing 200 ml of raw, low-heat-treated (56 degrees c for 20 min), high-heat-treated (64 degrees c for 2 min), pasteurized, and ultrahigh-temperature (uht) milk were tempere ...	2002	11952213
modeling the growth of listeria monocytogenes in cured ready-to-eat processed meat products by manipulation of sodium chloride, sodium diacetate, potassium lactate, and product moisture content.	a central composite second-order response surface design was employed to determine the influences of added sodium chloride (0.8 to 3.6%), sodium diacetate (0 to 0.2%), potassium lactate syrup (0.25 to 9.25%), and finished-product moisture (45.5 to 83.5%) on the predicted growth rate of listeria monocytogenes in cured ready-to-eat (rte) meat products. increased amounts of both sodium diacetate (p < 0.11) and potassium lactate (p < 0.001) resulted in significant reductions in the growth rate const ...	2002	11952214
microbial evaluation of selected fresh produce obtained at retail markets.	the microbial quality of five types of fresh produce obtained at the retail level was determined by standard quantitative techniques. these techniques included aerobic plate count (apc), total coliform counts, escherichia coli counts, and yeast and mold counts. three different methods were used to determine total coliform counts, which consisted of macconkey agar plate counts, colicomplete most probable number counts, and petrifilm e. coli (ec) plate counts. the mean apcs for sprouts, lettuce, c ...	2002	11952219
control of listeria monocytogenes in the food-processing environment.	the purpose of this paper is to provide guidance to food processors in controlling listeria monocytogenes in food-processing environments. of particular concern are outbreaks of a few to several hundred scattered cases involving an unusually virulent strain that has become established in the food-processing environment and contaminates multiple lots of food over days or months of production. the risk is highest when growth occurs in a food before it is eaten by a susceptible population. the info ...	2002	11952224
listeria monocytogenes infection in caspase-11-deficient mice.	caspase-11 (cas11) is a cysteine protease involved in programmed cell death and cytokine maturation. through activation of cas1 (interleukin-1beta [il-1beta]-converting enzyme), cas11 is directly involved in the maturation of il-1beta and il-18. apoptosis is mediated through cas3. given the role of apoptosis and cytokine signaling during the innate immune response in intracellular infection, we examined cas11-deficient (cas11(-/-)) mice during infection with listeria monocytogenes. cas11(-/-) an ...	2002	11953408
induction of protective immunity to listeria monocytogenes by immunization with plasmid dna expressing a helper t-cell epitope that replaces the class ii-associated invariant chain peptide of the invariant chain.	listeria epitope-specific helper t (th) cells were able to be primed and induced in vivo by immunization with a plasmid carrying an invariant chain (ii) gene whose class ii-associated invariant chain peptide (clip) region was replaced by a listeria th epitope. immunization of c3h/he mice with an ii-llo 215-226 plasmid induced specific interferon-gamma- and interleukin 2-producing th cells and conferred significant protective immunity against listerial infection.	2002	11953411
tumor immunity within the central nervous system stimulated by recombinant listeria monocytogenes vaccination.	tumors arising within the central nervous system (cns) present the immune system with a challenging target, given the heterogeneous nature of these neoplasms and their location within an "immunologically privileged" site. we used the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein (lcmv-np) as a pseudotumor antigen to investigate recombinant listeria monocytogenes as a tumor vaccine against s.c. and intracerebral challenges with a np-expressing glioma, 9l-np. using fischer 344 rats, we demonstr ...	2002	11956085
sympathetic nervous system plays a major role in acute cold/restraint stress inhibition of host resistance to listeria monocytogenes.	balb/c mice exposed to acute cold/restraint stress (acrs) had significantly lower host resistance to listeria monocytogenes (lm) than controls. the stress hormones corticosterone (cort) and norepinephrine (ne), which are known to modulate immune responses, were evaluated as the cause of the decline in immune defense. the involvement of cort and ne was investigated by pretreating mice with the cort synthesis inhibitor metyrapone and the chemical sympathectomy drug 6-hydroxydopamine (6-ohda), resp ...	2002	11960645
effectiveness of some recent antimicrobial packaging concepts.	a new type of active packaging is the combination of food-packaging materials with antimicrobial substances to control microbial surface contamination of foods. for both migrating and non-migrating antimicrobial materials, intensive contact between the food product and packaging material is required and therefore potential food applications include especially vacuum or skin-packaged products, e.g. vacuum-packaged meat, fish, poultry or cheese. several antimicrobial compounds have been combined w ...	2002	11962704
the icest1 element of streptococcus thermophilus belongs to a large family of integrative and conjugative elements that exchange modules and change their specificity of integration.	the 34,734-bp element icest1 from streptococcus thermophilus cnrz368 is site-specifically integrated into the 3(') end of the gene fda. icest1 encodes integrative functions and putative transfer functions. six proteins of the putative conjugative system of icest1 are related to those encoded by the conjugative transposon tn916 from enterococcus faecalis. a comparison of these proteins with those encoded by the complete or partial genome sequences of various low g+c bacteria including bacillus su ...	2002	12383726
nod/scid/gamma(c)(null) mouse: an excellent recipient mouse model for engraftment of human cells.	to establish a more appropriate animal recipient for xenotransplantation, nod/scid/gamma(c)(null) mice double homozygous for the severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mutation and interleukin-2rgamma (il-2rgamma) allelic mutation (gamma(c)(null)) were generated by 8 backcross matings of c57bl/6j-gamma(c)(null) mice and nod/shi-scid mice. when human cd34+ cells from umbilical cord blood were transplanted into this strain, the engraftment rate in the peripheral circulation, spleen, and bone marr ...	2002	12384415
residual oil fly ash increases the susceptibility to infection and severely damages the lungs after pulmonary challenge with a bacterial pathogen.	inhalation of residual oil fly ash (rofa), a component of ambient particulate matter, has been shown to increase pulmonary morbidity and impair lung defense mechanisms in exposed workers. our objective was to evaluate the effect of rofa preexposure on lung defense and injury after pulmonary challenge with a bacterial pathogen. male sprague-dawley rats were dosed intratracheally at day 0 with saline (control) or rofa (0.2 or 1 mg/100 g body weight). three days later, a low (5 x 10(3)) or high (5 ...	2002	12388840
listeria infection during pregnancy: a 10 year experience.	although listeria monocytogenes is widely distributed in nature, it rarely causes clinical infection in previously healthy people. this microorganism, however, may cause severe invasive disease in pregnant women and newborns.	2002	12389339
series of incidents of listeria monocytogenes non-invasive febrile gastroenteritis involving ready-to-eat meats.	a series of cases and outbreaks of febrile noninvasive gastrointestinal disease involving 31 identified cases was investigated in terms of the numbers and types of listeria monocytogenes present in the suspect foods (ready-to-eat meats) and clinical samples from cases.	2002	12390491
inactivation of the f4/80 glycoprotein in the mouse germ line.	macrophages play a crucial role in the defense against pathogens. distinct macrophage populations can be defined by the expression of restricted cell surface proteins. resident tissue macrophages, encompassing kupffer cells of the liver and red pulp macrophages of the spleen, characteristically express the f4/80 molecule, a cell surface glycoprotein related to the seven transmembrane-spanning family of hormone receptors. in this study, gene targeting was used to simultaneously inactivate the f4/ ...	2002	12391169
quantitation of cd8+ t cell expansion, memory, and protective immunity after immunization with peptide-coated dendritic cells.	dendritic cells (dcs) are potent apcs for naive cd8(+) t cells and are being investigated as vaccine delivery vehicles. in this study, we examine the cd8(+) t cell response to defined peptides from listeria monocytogenes (lm), lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and murine cmv coated singly and in combination onto mature bone marrow-derived dcs (bmdcs). we show that immunization of mice with 2 x 10(5) mature bmdcs coated with multiple mhc class i peptides generates a significant ag-specific cd8( ...	2002	12391206
perforin-mediated ctl cytolysis counteracts direct cell-cell spread of listeria monocytogenes.	the immune system has evolved various effector cells and functions to combat diverse infectious agents equipped with different virulence strategies. cd8 t cells play a critical role in protective immunity to listeria monocytogenes (lm), a bacterium that grows within the host cell cytosol and spreads directly into neighboring cells. the importance of cd8 t cells during lm infection is currently attributed to the cytosolic niche of this organism, which allows it to evade many aspects of immune sur ...	2002	12391238
antibacterial activity of pepsin-digested lactoferrin on foodborne pathogens in buffered broth systems and ultra-high temperature milk with edta.	to evaluate the antimicrobial activity in peptone yeast extract glucose (pyg) broth and ultra-high temperature (uht) milk of bovine lactoferrin hydrolysate (lfh) with pepsin against the foodborne pathogens salmonella stanley, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus.	2002	12392532
interaction of human hematopoietic stem cells with bacterial pathogens.	primitive hematopoietic stem cells (hscs) in the bone marrow are rare pluripotent cells with the capacity to give rise to all lineages of blood cells. during commitment, progenitor cells are composed mainly of cells with the potential for differentiation into 1 or 2 lineages. this commitment involves the acquisition of specific growth factor receptors and the loss of others. viral and bacterial infections may lead to profound disturbance of hematopoiesis, which is possibly due to different susce ...	2002	12393678
a proteomic analysis of the salt stress response of listeria monocytogenes.	protein variations in listeria monocytogenes were analyzed by 2-d electrophoresis. bacteria were grown either in a rich medium or in a chemically defined medium. three proteins, which are more expressed in the chemically defined medium than in the rich medium, were identified by mass spectrometry. they are closely related to appa, ctc and yvyd. after an osmotic shock, according to the medium and the nacl concentration, the synthesis rate (p<0.05) of 59 proteins is altered by salinity. half of th ...	2002	12399033
effects of pregnancy-associated listeria monocytogenes infection: necrotizing hepatitis due to impaired maternal immune response and significantly increased abortion rate.	the impact of l. monocytogenes infection on maternal immune responses as well as on the outcome of pregnancy was studied in a murine model of pregnancy-associated listeriosis. mice infected i.v. with l. monocytogenes at day 15 of pregnancy showed a significantly impaired bacterial elimination, which resulted in a severe necrotizing hemorrhagic hepatitis. the aggravated course of the infection could be attributed to a suppressed transcription and production of anti-listerial, pro-inflammatory cyt ...	2002	12404062
critical role of the n-terminal residues of listeriolysin o in phagosomal escape and virulence of listeria monocytogenes.	a putative pest sequence was recently identified close to the n-terminus of listeriolysin o (llo), a major virulence factor secreted by the pathogenic listeria monocytogenes. the deletion of this motif did not affect the secretion and haemolytic activity of llo, but abolished bacterial virulence. here, we first tested whether the replacement of the pest motif of llo by two different sequences, with either a very high or no pest score, would affect phagosomal escape, protein stability and, ultima ...	2002	12406215
membranes of class iia bacteriocin-resistant listeria monocytogenes cells contain increased levels of desaturated and short-acyl-chain phosphatidylglycerols.	a major concern in the use of class iia bacteriocins as food preservatives is the well-documented resistance development in target listeria strains. we studied the relationship between leucocin a, a class iia bacteriocin, and the composition of the major phospholipid, phosphatidylglycerol (pg), in membranes of both sensitive and resistant l. monocytogenes strains. two wild-type strains, l. monocytogenes b73 and 412, two spontaneous mutants of l. monocytogenes b73 with intermediate resistance to ...	2002	12406708
postadaptational resistance to benzalkonium chloride and subsequent physicochemical modifications of listeria monocytogenes.	many studies have demonstrated that bacteria, including listeria monocytogenes, are capable of adapting to disinfectants used in industrial settings after prolonged exposure to sublethal concentrations. however, the consequent alterations of the cell surface due to sanitizer adaptation of this pathogen are not fully understood. two resistant and four sensitive l. monocytogenes strains from different sources were progressively subcultured with increasing sublethal concentrations of a surfactant, ...	2002	12406712
gbu glycine betaine porter and carnitine uptake in osmotically stressed listeria monocytogenes cells.	the food-borne pathogen listeria monocytogenes grows actively under high-salt conditions by accumulating compatible solutes such as glycine betaine and carnitine from the medium. we report here that the dominant transport system for glycine betaine uptake, the gbu porter, may act as a secondary uptake system for carnitine, with a k(m) of 4 mm for carnitine uptake and measurable uptake at carnitine concentrations as low as 10 microm. this porter has a k(m) for glycine betaine uptake of about 6 mi ...	2002	12406761
in vitro and in vivo invasiveness of different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types of listeria monocytogenes.	the virulence of different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) types of listeria monocytogenes was examined by monitoring their ability to invade caco-2 cells. strains belonging to seven different pfge types originating from both foods and humans were included. no significant differences in invasiveness were detected between strains isolated from humans and those isolated from food. strains belonging to pfge type 1 expressed a significantly lower ability to invade cells compared to strains b ...	2002	12406767
a regulatory role for suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 in t(h) polarization in vivo.	suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs)-1 is an inhibitory molecule for jak, and its deficiency in mice leads to lymphocyte-dependent multi-organ disease and perinatal death. crossing of socs-1(-/-) mice on an ifn-gamma(-/-), stat1(-/-) and stat6(-/-) background revealed that the fatal disease of socs-1(-/-) mice is also dependent on ifn-gamma/stat1 and il-4/stat6 signaling pathways. since ifn-gamma and il-4 are representative t(h)1 and t(h)2 cytokines respectively, here we investigated the role ...	2002	12407025
multimethod assessment of commercial nisin preparations.	nisin is a gras preservative effective against several gram-positive organisms including listeria monocytogenes. commercial preparations are usually fermentation products containing 2.5% pure nisin along with insoluble material which, in this study, was found to influence the quantification and activity of nisin under different conditions. commercially available samples of nisin were tested for efficacy using various methods, such as well diffusion, time to turbidity, and gus (where a reporter c ...	2002	12407455
measuring the immeasurable.	many bacterial pathogens turn on virulence genes at host body temperature. in the september 6, 2002, issue of cell, johansson et al. show that the listeria monocytogenes thermosensor is an rna structure in the 5' untranslated region of the mrna for the virulence-activating transcription factor prfa. the stem-loop structure blocks translation initiation at 30 degrees c but melts away at 37 degrees c.	2002	12408812
gw domains of the listeria monocytogenes invasion protein inlb are sh3-like and mediate binding to host ligands.	inlb, a surface-localized protein of listeria monocytogenes, induces phagocytosis in non-phagocytic mammalian cells by activating met, a receptor tyrosine kinase. inlb also binds glycosaminoglycans and the protein gc1q-r, two additional host ligands implicated in invasion. we present the structure of inlb, revealing a highly elongated molecule with leucine-rich repeats that bind met at one end, and gw domains that dissociably bind the bacterial surface at the other. surprisingly, the gw domains ...	2002	12411480
immune response overview.	a short synopsis of the history of identification of the protective cellular immune response to brucella is given along with indication of the current major research focuses in this area. finally, critical areas of research for the future are suggested.	2002	12414156
compromised peripheral immunity of mice injected intrastriatally with six-hydroxydopamine.	intracisternal or intracerebroventricular administration of six-hydroxydopamine (6-ohda), which results in decreased norepinephrine (ne) and dopamine (da) levels throughout the brain, causes impaired peripheral immunity. however, in vivo immunocompetence following selective striatal depletion of da by 6-ohda has not been investigated. thus, we sought to determine whether striatal da depletion compromises host resistance to listeria monocytogenes (lm) and impairs the immune response to keyhole li ...	2002	12417443
alteration of pulmonary immunity to listeria monocytogenes by diesel exhaust particles (deps). i. effects of deps on early pulmonary responses.	it has been hypothesized that diesel exhaust particles (deps) aggravate pulmonary bacterial infection by both innate and cell-mediated immune mechanisms. to test this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of dep exposure on the functions of alveolar macrophages (ams) and lymphocytes from lung-draining lymph nodes using a rat listeria monocytogenes infection model. in the present study, we focused on the effects of dep exposure on am functions, including phagocytic activity and secretion of pro ...	2002	12417481
bacterial growth in the cytosol: lessons from listeria.		2002	12419611
amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis of listeria monocytogenes.	an agarose gel based single enzyme aflp method using ecor1 digestion of listeria monocytogenes dna was developed for epidemiological typing. the method was evaluated with 84 l. monocytogenes cultures, and results were compared with those obtained with serotyping, phage-typing and cadmium and arsenic resistance typing. the aflp method was reproducible and 14 different banding patterns comprising between five and eight dna fragments were produced. all except two of the aflp patterns were serorype ...	2002	12421084
genetically-modified-animal models for human infections: the listeria paradigm.	several human pathogens exhibit a restricted host-tropism, relying on the species-specific interaction of microbial ligand(s) with host receptor(s). this specificity accounts for some of the difficulties in modeling human infections in animals. the discovery of l. monocytogenes host-specificity and elucidation of the underlying mechanism has led to the generation of transgenic mice expressing one of its human receptors, e-cadherin. this model is presented here as a paradigm of a genetically-modi ...	2002	12421688
nonsecreted bacterial proteins induce recall cd8 t cell responses but do not serve as protective antigens.	secreted or nonsecreted ag expressed by recombinant listeria monocytogenes can prime cd8 t cells. however, ag-specific memory cd8 t cells confer protection against bacteria secreting ag, but not against bacteria expressing the nonsecreted form of the same ag. this dichotomy may be explained by a long-standing hypothesis that nonsecreted ags are less effective than secreted ags at inducing a protective immune response at the onset of infection. we tested this hypothesis by examining whether these ...	2002	12421961
inducible costimulator protein controls the protective t cell response against listeria monocytogenes.	the inducible costimulator protein (icos) was recently identified as a costimulatory molecule for t cells. here we analyze the role of icos for the acquired immune response of mice against the intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes. during oral l. monocytogenes infection, low levels of icos expression were detected by extracellular and intracellular ab staining of listeria-specific cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cells. blocking of icos signaling with a soluble icos-ig fusion protein markedly impair ...	2002	12421962
endosomal/lysosomal targeting of a single helper t-cell epitope of an intracellular bacterium by dna immunisation induces a specific t-cell subset and partial protective immunity in vivo.	we evaluated here the effect of the intracellular targeting of a helper t-cell (th) epitope, literiolysin o 215-226 derived from listeria monocytogenes, on induction of a specific th by gene gun immunisation. immunisation of c3h/he mice with pe215lamp plasmid encoding the th epitope fused with the endosomal/lysosomal targeting signal of lysosome-associated membrane protein (lamp)-1 gave the epitope-specific proliferative responses of cd4(+) t lymphocytes. in addition, specific interferon-gamma p ...	2002	12423758
multiple deletions of the osmolyte transporters betl, gbu, and opuc of listeria monocytogenes affect virulence and growth at high osmolarity.	the success of listeria monocytogenes as a food-borne pathogen owes much to its ability to survive a variety of stresses, both in the food environment and, after ingestion, within the animal host. growth at high salt concentrations is attributed mainly to the accumulation of organic solutes such as glycine betaine and carnitine. we characterized l. monocytogenes lo28 strains with single, double, and triple deletions in the osmolyte transport systems betl, gbu, and opuc. when single deletion muta ...	2002	12324311
glucose and nutrient concentrations affect the expression of a 104-kilodalton listeria adhesion protein in listeria monocytogenes.	growth media and environmental conditions influence the expression of adhesion and invasion proteins in listeria monocytogenes. here, the expression of the 104-kda listeria adhesion protein (lap) was studied in nutrient-rich media (trypticase soy broth [tsb] and brain heart infusion [bhi]), minimal medium (luria-bertani [lb]), or nutrient-deficient medium (peptone water [pw]) by immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and immunoelectron microscopy. also, the effect of incorpor ...	2002	12324334
a pcr-based method for identification of lactobacilli at the genus level.	we developed a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based method for the identification of lactobacilli at the genus level. one specific primer, lblma1-rev, was designed by analysing similarities between the nucleotide sequence of the spacer between the 16s and 23s rrna genes in a number of lactobacillus strains. amplification with lblma1-rev and r16-1, a universal primer, generated a pcr product for 23 lactobacillus species. electrophoresis did not reveal any discrete bands when escherichia coli, la ...	2002	12351242
metastatic listeria monocytogenes infection of the peritoneum in mice with cyclosporine a-induced peritonitis.	inoculation of mice with listeria monocytogenes intragastrically or by parenteral routes has not been reported to cause peritonitis. in this study, however, severe listerial peritonitis was induced in mice infected subcutaneously and treated intraperitoneally with cyclosporin a (cs a) in an oil carrier. in both uninfected and listeria-infected mice, intraperitoneal administration of cs a consistently produced overexpression of p-selectin in the peritoneal microvasculature and pyogranulomatous in ...	2002	12354529
identification of bartonella bacilliformis genotypes and their relevance to epidemiological investigations of human bartonellosis.	genotypic diversity among 26 isolates of bartonella bacilliformis obtained from different areas of peru, and at different times, was assessed by comparison of dna sequences derived from 16s-23s ribosomal dna intergenic spacer regions (isr) and a citrate synthase gene (glta) fragment and by amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis. glta comparison divided the isolates into two groups, whereas isr comparison revealed six sequences. aflp analysis using a selective primer delineated fi ...	2002	12354853
an outbreak of febrile gastroenteritis associated with delicatessen meat contaminated with listeria monocytogenes.	in june 2001, the los angeles county department of health services/public health conducted a cohort study of an outbreak of acute febrile gastroenteritis among 16 of 44 healthy attendees of a catered party. the median age of the attendees who became ill was 15.5 years. symptoms included body aches (in 88% of attendees), fever (81%), headache (81%), diarrhea (63%), and vomiting (56%). illness was associated with ingestion of precooked, sliced turkey (p=.000004). six stool specimens yielded lister ...	2002	12355381
contribution of cd8+ t cells to innate immunity: ifn-gamma secretion induced by il-12 and il-18.	the role of cd8+ t cells in adaptive immunity is well documented and involves numerous effector mechanisms including direct cytolysis of targets and secretion of cytokines. the role of cd8+ t cells in innate immunity has not been previously appreciated. using j774 macrophages infected in vitro with the intracellular bacterium, listeria monocytogenes (lm), we show that cd8+ t cells isolated from naïve c57bl/6 (b6) mice respond rapidly by secreting ifn-gamma. cd8+ t cells secreting ifn-gamma can a ...	2002	12355433
inactivation of listeria monocytogenes/flavobacterium spp. biofilms using chlorine: impact of substrate, ph, time and concentration.	to determine the effect of chlorine on mixed bacterial biofilms on stainless steel (ss) and conveyor belt surfaces.	2002	12358696
innate recognition of bacteria by a macrophage cytosolic surveillance pathway.	host recognition of bacterial pathogens is a critical component of the immune response. intracellular bacterial pathogens are able to evade the humoral immune system by residing within the host cell. here we show the existence of an innate host surveillance mechanism in macrophages that specifically distinguishes bacteria in the cytosol from bacteria in the vacuole. recognition of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial products by this surveillance system results in transcription of the ifnb ...	2002	12359878
iron acquisition by gram-positive bacterial pathogens.	for the majority of bacterial pathogens, acquisition of iron from host proteins is a prerequisite for growth during infection. the mechanisms by which gram-negative bacteria obtain iron from host proteins have been well described, but only recently has substantial progress been made in identifying these mechanisms for gram-positive bacterial pathogens. this review provides an overview of the existing knowledge on the genetic basis of iron transport for important gram-positive pathogens.	2002	12361915
listeria monocytogenes demonstrated in cerebrospinal fluid in the absence of inflammatory cells: a case of fever and seizures in a 13-y-old boy.		2002	12374374
inducible control of virulence gene expression in listeria monocytogenes: temporal requirement of listeriolysin o during intracellular infection.	we have constructed a lac repressor/operator-based system to tightly regulate expression of bacterial genes during intracellular infection by listeria monocytogenes. an l. monocytogenes strain was constructed in which expression of listeriolysin o was placed under the inducible control of an isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside (iptg)-dependent promoter. listeriolysin o (llo) is a pore-forming cytolysin that mediates lysis of l. monocytogenes-containing phagosomes. using hemolytic-activity ass ...	2002	12374827
effects of chlorella vulgaris extract on cytokines production in listeria monocytogenes infected mice.	in this study, we have investigated the effects of the unicellular-green-algae chlorella vulgaris on the production of inf-gamma, il-2, il-4 and il-10 in normal and listeria monocytogenes infected mice. our results demonstrated that in normal/non infected mice, cve administration produced no effects in the levels of all cytokines studied. however, listeria monocytogenes infection enhanced the production of inf-gamma and il-2 at 48 and 72 h after the bacteria inoculation. interestingly, the treat ...	2002	12375742
a recombinant e. coli vaccine to promote mhc class i-dependent antigen presentation: application to cancer immunotherapy.	we have examined the potential of recombinant escherichia coli expressing listeriolysin o (llo) to deliver tumour antigens to dendritic cells (dcs) for cancer immunotherapy. using ova as a model tumour antigen, we have shown in murine dcs that e. coli expressing cytoplasmic llo and ova proteins can deliver the ova k(b)-restricted epitope siinfekl for mhc class i presentation. in contrast, when e. coli expressing ova alone were used, mhc class ii presentation of the ova 323-339 i-a(b)-restricted ...	2002	12378408
listeric infections in humans and animals in the indian subcontinent: a review.	listeriosis is an important bacterial zoonosis caused by the intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes. the disease has been reported in animals from the indian subcontinent, usually in the form of sporadic cases but occasionally as outbreaks. cases of listeriosis arise mainly from the ingestion of contaminated food. listeriosis has been reported to cause encephalitis, abortion, mastitis, repeat breeding and endometriosis in animals. listeric infections occur in children and women with a poo ...	2002	12379055
oral cancer, fever of unknown origin, and listeriosis.	listeriosis is a rare cause of fever of unknown origin in patients with oral cancer. we report two patients who, because of pain and discomfort, ate large quantities of soft cheeses; this caused listeriosis and fever. both cases responded to high doses of amoxycillin.	2002	12379195
bactericidal activities of plant essential oils and some of their isolated constituents against campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella enterica.	an improved method of sample preparation was used in a microplate assay to evaluate the bactericidal activity levels of 96 essential oils and 23 oil compounds against campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella enterica obtained from food and clinical sources. bactericidal activity (ba50) was defined as the percentage of the sample in the assay mixture that resulted in a 50% decrease in cfu relative to a buffer control. twenty-seven oils and 12 compound ...	2002	12380738
effect of superatmospheric oxygen packaging on sensorial quality, spoilage, and listeria monocytogenes and aeromonas caviae growth in fresh processed mixed salads.	atmospheres with o2 levels higher than 70 kpa have recently been suggested as an innovation to modified atmosphere packaging (map) for fresh processed vegetables to maintain sensory quality and safety. in the present work, mixed vegetable salad collected from a commercial processing plant and stored with the map technique was studied. two gas mixtures were actively generated by using an initial o2 concentration of 95 kpa and combined with two plastic films. the low-barrier film permeability for ...	2002	12380740
molecular characterization of listeria monocytogenes isolated from a poultry further processing facility and from fully cooked product.	this study was undertaken to explore environmental sources of listeria monocytogenes in a commercial chicken further processing facility and to compare the isolates obtained from this facility with others obtained from fully cooked product. in a survey conducted at the processing facility, 40 environmental sites (encompassing two production lines and representing areas in which raw and cooked products are processed) were cultured for l. monocytogenes. the resulting isolates were subjected to mol ...	2002	12380741
effects of pulsed electric field processing and storage on the quality and stability of single-strength orange juice.	the effects of pulsed electric field (pef) processing on microorganisms in orange juice and on the flavor and color of the juice during storage for 112 days at 4 and 22 degrees c were investigated. single-strength orange juice was pef processed at an electric field strength of 35 kv/cm for 59 micros and placed into sterilized glass bottles in a sanitary glove box. pef-processed orange juice was microbiologically stable at 4 and 22 degrees c for 112 days. pef processing resulted in significant in ...	2002	12380749
inactivation of listeria monocytogenes scott a 49594 in apple juice supplemented with cinnamon.	normal (ph 3.7) and adjusted (ph 5.0) pasteurized apple juice containing cinnamon (0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%) was inoculated with listeria monocytogenes scott a 49594 at 10(4) cfu/ml and stored at 5 and 20 degrees c for 7 days. counts on tryptic soy agar (tsa), modified oxford (mox) medium, and thin agar layer (tal) were determined at 1 h and 1, 3, and 7 days. the tal method (mox medium overlaid with tsa) was used for the recovery of injured cells. in apple juice, both at normal and adjusted ph, wit ...	2002	12380758
caring for a patient with listeria endocarditis: use of antibiotic desensitization.	occurrence of listeria endocarditis is rare, and the mortality rate is high, 100% in untreated cases. the use of antibiotics, specifically ampicillin, is considered a first-line treatment. coadministration of ampicillin and gentamicin provides a synergistic effect in killing the bacteria. antibiotics are among the most common causes of hypersensitivity reactions. of all antibiotics, penicillin is the one that most often causes a reaction. skin testing adds time until treatment, and all patients ...	2002	12382616
preservation and fermentation: past, present and future.	preservation of food and beverages resulting from fermentation has been an effective form of extending the shelf-life of foods for millennia. traditionally, foods were preserved through naturally occurring fermentations, however, modern large scale production generally now exploits the use of defined strain starter systems to ensure consistency and quality in the final product. this review will mainly focus on the use of lactic acid bacteria (lab) for food improvement, given their extensive appl ...	2002	12382680