Publications

cloning and expression of a helicobacter bilis immunoreactive protein.	in an effort to identify immunoreactive helicobacter bilis antigens with potential for serodiagnosis, sera from mice experimentally infected with h. bilis were used to screen an h. bilis genomic dna expression library. among 17 immunoreactive clones, several contained sequences that encoded a predicted 167-kda protein (p167). five overlapping p167 peptides (p167a to p167e) of approximately 40 kda each were generated and tested. immune sera reacted with fragments p167c and p167d at dilutions of 1 ...	2002	11986271
quorum sensing in campylobacter jejuni: detection of a luxs encoded signalling molecule.	the expression of a wide variety of physiological functions in many bacterial species is modulated by quorum sensing, a population-dependent signalling mechanism that involves the production and detection of extracellular signalling molecules. the genome sequence of campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168 contains a gene encoding an orthologue of luxs, which is required for autoinducer-2 (ai-2) production in other bacterial species, but does not contain genes predicted to encode any known acyl-homoserin ...	2002	11988522
human diseases caused by foodborne pathogens of animal origin.	many lines of evidence link antimicrobial-resistant human infections to foodborne pathogens of animal origin. types of evidence reviewed include: (1) direct epidemiologic studies; (2) temporal evidence; (3) additional circumstantial evidence; (4) trends in antimicrobial resistance among salmonella isolates; and (5) trends in antimicrobial resistance among other pathogens, such as campylobacter jejuni. commensal microorganisms in animals and humans may contribute to antimicrobial resistance among ...	2002	11988881
excess infections due to antimicrobial resistance: the "attributable fraction".	antimicrobial use causes a transient decrease in an individual's resistance to colonization by noncommensal bacteria ("competitive effect") and increases the likelihood of infection upon exposure to a foodborne pathogen. the additional "selective effect" of antimicrobial resistance results in a >3-fold increase in vulnerability to infection by an antimicrobial-resistant pathogen among individuals receiving antimicrobial therapy for unrelated reasons. combining the increase in vulnerability to in ...	2002	11988883
[spontaneous peritonitis induced by campylobacter spp in patients with liver cirrhosis. report of 2 cases and review of the literature].	campylobacter spp is not usual as the aetiology agent for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. we report two cases of spontaneous peritonitis due to campylobacter jejuni diagnosed in our hospital and review the literature trough medline data base. we found 13 cases of spontaneous peritonitis in which campylobacter sp was isolated from ascitic fluid. the main characteristics of these cases were: the existence of an evolved alcoholic cirrhosis, a high positivity of blood cultures as well as a high r ...	2002	11989076
a complete sequence of the t. tengcongensis genome.	thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis is a rod-shaped, gram-negative, anaerobic eubacterium that was isolated from a freshwater hot spring in tengchong, china. using a whole-genome-shotgun method, we sequenced its 2,689,445-bp genome from an isolate, mb4(t) (genbank accession no. ae008691). the genome encodes 2588 predicted coding sequences (cds). among them, 1764 (68.2%) are classified according to homology to other documented proteins, and the rest, 824 cds (31.8%), are functionally unknown. one of ...	2002	11997336
protein coding palindromes are a unique but recurrent feature in rickettsia.	rickettsia are unique in inserting in-frame a number of palindromic sequences within protein coding regions. in this study, we extensively analyzed repeated sequences in the genome of rickettsia conorii and examined their locations in regard to coding versus noncoding regions. we identified 656 interspersed repeated sequences classified into 10 distinct families. of the 10 families, three palindromic sequence families showed clear cases of insertions into open reading frames (orfs). the location ...	2002	11997347
[colonisation studies using campylobacter jejuni in chicks].	white leghorn chicks used in this study were hatched from specific pathogen-free eggs. the colonizing capability of campylobacter (c.) jejuni strains was investigated in 6 experiments. the formation of specific antibodies associated to colonization was also detected. in each experiment, day of hatch chicks were randomly separated into three groups of 24 birds each: two groups colonized experimentally and one control group. chicks were reared on the floor in three separated, adjacent rooms with s ...	2002	11998367
[mixed infections of rotaviruses and campylobacter jejuni in caco-2 cells].	a mixed infection with rotavirus and 3 different campylobacter jejuni strains was analysed in caco-2 cells, a cell line highly susceptible to these pathogens. the results obtained showed no influence of the virus preinfection on the campylobacter jejuni adhesion or internalisation in caco-2 cells. confocal laser scanning microscopy of mixed infected cells confirmed these results. the data from the present study indicate that specific rather than nonspecific mechanisms are involved in the interac ...	2002	11998368
functional characterisation of mycobacterial dna gyrase: an efficient decatenase.	a rapid single step immunoaffinity purification procedure is described for mycobacterium smegmatis dna gyrase. the mycobacterial enzyme is a 340 kda heterotetrameric protein comprising two subunits each of gyra and gyrb, exhibiting subtle differences and similarities to the well-characterised escherichia coli gyrase. in contrast to e.coli gyrase, the m.smegmatis enzyme exhibits strong decatenase activity at physiological mg2+ concentrations. further, the enzymes exhibited marked differences in a ...	2002	12000834
public health implications of campylobacter outbreaks in england and wales, 1995-9: epidemiological and microbiological investigations.	although campylobacter has been the most commonly recognized bacterial cause of gastrointestinal infection in england and wales since 1981, there are few reported campylobacter outbreaks. of the 2374 general outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease reported to cdsc between 1995 and 1999, for which an aetiological agent was identified, campylobacter accounted for only 50 (2%). foodborne transmission was identified in 35 outbreaks and the majority took place in commercial catering establishments ...	2002	12002527
an iron-binding protein, dpr, from streptococcus mutans prevents iron-dependent hydroxyl radical formation in vitro.	the dpr gene is an antioxidant gene which was isolated from the streptococcus mutans chromosome by its ability to complement an alkyl hydroperoxide reductase-deficient mutant of escherichia coli, and it was proven to play an indispensable role in oxygen tolerance in s. mutans. here, we purified the 20-kda dpr gene product, dpr, from a crude extract of s. mutans as an iron-binding protein and found that dpr formed a spherical oligomer about 9 nm in diameter. molecular weight determinations of dpr ...	2002	12003933
antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from hospitalized children in athens, greece.	the antimicrobial susceptibility of 129 campylobacter jejuni strains, isolated from hospitalized children with gastroenteritis, to five antimicrobials, including nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, ampicillin and co-amoxiclav, was determined. isolates belonged to two time periods: group a contained strains isolated in 1987-1988; and group b 1998-2000. antimicrobial susceptibility patterns differed significantly between the two groups with respect to quinolones, with an increase in the p ...	2002	12003974
identification of novel adhesins from group b streptococci by use of phage display reveals that c5a peptidase mediates fibronectin binding.	group b streptococci (gbs) are a major cause of pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis in newborns and infants. gbs initiate infection of the lung by colonizing mucosal surfaces of the respiratory tract; adherence of the bacteria to host cells is presumed to be the initial step in and prerequisite for successful colonization (g. s. tamura, j. m. kuypers, s. smith, h. raff, and c. e. rubens, infect. immun. 62:2450-2458, 1994). we have performed a genome-wide screen to identify novel genes of gbs that ...	2002	12010974
lsaa, an antigen involved in cell attachment and invasion, is expressed by lawsonia intracellularis during infection in vitro and in vivo.	lawsonia intracellularis has been identified recently as the etiological agent of proliferative enteropathies, which are characterized by intestinal epithelial hyperplasia and associated moderate immune responses. this disease complex has been reported in a broad range of animals, prevalently in pigs, and l. intracellularis has been linked with ulcerative colitis in humans. l. intracellularis is an obligate intracellular bacterium, and the pathogenic mechanisms used to cause disease are unknown. ...	2002	12010978
uptake of aspergillus fumigatus conidia by phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells in vitro: quantitation using strains expressing green fluorescent protein.	several pathogenic fungal organisms enter eukaryotic cells and manipulate the host cell environment to favor their own growth and survival. aspergillus fumigatus is a saprophytic fungus that causes invasive lung disease in the immunocompromised host. to determine whether a. fumigatus could enter eukaryotic cells, we studied the uptake of two different gfp-expressing a. fumigatus strains into a549 lung epithelial cells, human umbilical vein endothelial (huve) cells, and j774 murine macrophages in ...	2002	12011010
molecular cloning of the fur gene from actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.	in several bacterial species, iron availability in host tissues is coordinated with the expression of virulence determinants through the fur gene product. initial experiments showed that a cloned escherichia coli fur gene probe hybridized to southern blots of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strain jp2 (serotype b) chromosomal dna. the a. actinomycetemcomitans fur gene was then cloned utilizing partial functional complementation of the fur mutant in e. coli strain h1780. analysis of the clon ...	2002	12011012
apoptosis in acute shigellosis is associated with increased production of fas/fas ligand, perforin, caspase-1, and caspase-3 but reduced production of bcl-2 and interleukin-2.	shigella dysenteriae type 1-induced apoptotic cell death in rectal tissues from patients infected with shigella dysenteriae type 1 was studied by the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dutp-biotin nick end labeling (tunel) technique and annexin v staining. expression of proteins and cytokines participating in the apoptotic process (caspase-1, caspase-3, fas [cd95], fas ligand [fas-l], perforin, granzyme a, bax, waf-1, bcl-2, interleukin-2 [il-2], il-18, and granulocyte-macrophage colo ...	2002	12011015
comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and amplified fragment length polymorphism techniques for investigating outbreaks of enteritis due to campylobacters.	campylobacters are the most commonly reported cause of acute bacterial enteritis in the united kingdom and united states, with poultry, milk, and water implicated as sources or vehicles of infection. the majority of campylobacter infections are sporadic, although outbreaks may occur, and these provide an opportunity to evaluate genotypic fingerprinting techniques. in this study, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) was compared with single-enzyme-amplified fragment length polymorphism (saflp) ...	2002	12037105
prevalence and numbers of salmonella and campylobacter spp. on raw, whole chickens in relation to sampling methods.	salmonella and campylobacter continue to be major foodborne pathogens and raw poultry is considered to be an important source of these bacteria. in this study, the prevalence and numbers of salmonella and campylobacter spp. in relation to isolation/sampling methods were determined in 241 whole raw chickens purchased from retail outlets in england during the winters of 1998/1999 (101 chickens) and 1999/2000 (140 chickens). the packaging of the 140 chickens was also examined for the presence of th ...	2002	12038572
development of a procedure for discriminating among escherichia coli isolates from animal and human sources.	counts of escherichia coli cells in water indicate the potential presence of pathogenic microbes of intestinal origin but give no indication of the sources of the microbial pollution. the objective of this research was to evaluate methods for differentiating e. coli isolates of livestock, wildlife, or human origin that might be used to predict the sources of fecal pollution of water. a collection of 319 e. coli isolates from the feces of cattle, poultry, swine, deer, goose, and moose, as well as ...	2002	12039721
walkerton, 2 years later: "memory fades very quickly".		2002	12041857
lipopolysaccharide endotoxins.	bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps) typically consist of a hydrophobic domain known as lipid a (or endotoxin), a nonrepeating "core" oligosaccharide, and a distal polysaccharide (or o-antigen). recent genomic data have facilitated study of lps assembly in diverse gram-negative bacteria, many of which are human or plant pathogens, and have established the importance of lateral gene transfer in generating structural diversity of o-antigens. many enzymes of lipid a biosynthesis like lpxc have been ...	2002	12045108
lipopolysaccharide endotoxins.	bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps) typically consist of a hydrophobic domain known as lipid a (or endotoxin), a nonrepeating "core" oligosaccharide, and a distal polysaccharide (or o-antigen). recent genomic data have facilitated study of lps assembly in diverse gram-negative bacteria, many of which are human or plant pathogens, and have established the importance of lateral gene transfer in generating structural diversity of o-antigens. many enzymes of lipid a biosynthesis like lpxc have been ...	2002	12045108
[typings of campylobacter jejuni isolated from patients of 2 outbreak cases by genotypic and phenotypic methods].	we compared campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from the patient stools associated with two food-borne diarrheal outbreak cases by the serotypic methods (lior and penner systems) and the genotypic methods (restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of flaa gene and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge)). fla-rflp was based on the digestion of 410 bp dna fragment by mboi restriction enzyme amplified from a 5' portion of c. jejuni flaa gene. six distinctive fla-rflp patterns were identifi ...	2002	12048887
comparison of 23s polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and amplified fragment length polymorphism techniques as typing systems for thermophilic campylobacters.	in this study, we evaluated the combination of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) molecular typing techniques for the analysis of thermophilic campylobacter species isolated from clinical and poultry samples. 23s pcr-rflp analysis performed to fingerprint 69 strains exhibited an excellent level of typability. eleven different types were defined at 100% linkage level following numerical analysis of band p ...	2002	12052557
mutational and transcriptional analysis of the campylobacter jejuni flagellar biosynthesis gene flhb.	a campylobacter jejuni gene encoding a homologue of the flagellar biosynthesis gene flhb was identified downstream of the peroxide stress defence gene ahpc. insertional mutagenesis of the flhb gene rendered c. jejuni non-motile, with most cells aflagellate, although a small number expressed truncated flagella. the absence of flhb also appeared to affect cell shape, as the majority of cells were straight rather than curved rods. transcription of the flagellin gene flaa was significantly reduced i ...	2002	12055288
microbial risk assessment of source-separated urine used in agriculture.	a screening-level quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra) was undertaken for a urine separating sewerage system. exposures evaluated included the handling of stored and unstored urine as well as consumption of crops fertilised with urine. faecal cross-contamination was the source of risk and campylobacter jejuni, cryptosporidium parvum and rotavirus were the organisms chosen to represent different groups of enteric pathogens. accidental ingestion of unstored urine implied a high risk (pinf ...	2002	12058821
rapid genetic analysis of helicobacter pylori gastric mucosal colonization in suckling mice.	previously described animal models for helicobacter pylori infection have been limited by cumbersome host requirements (e.g., germ-free conditions or unusual species) or are applicable to only special subsets of h. pylori strains (e.g., fresh clinical isolates or animal-adapted derivatives). here, we report that 5- to 6-day-old outbred cd-1 (icr) suckling mice support 24-h colonization of all h. pylori strains tested (ss1, 26695 smr-1, 43504 smr-1, and g27 smr-1), including lab-passaged strains ...	2002	12060779
shigella deliver an effector protein to trigger host microtubule destabilization, which promotes rac1 activity and efficient bacterial internalization.	shigella deliver a subset of effectors into the host cell via the type iii secretion system, that stimulate host cell signal pathways to modulate the actin dynamics required for invasion of epithelial cells. here we show that one of the shigella effectors, called vira, can interact with tubulin to promote microtubule (mt) destabilization, and elicit protrusions of membrane ruffling. under in vitro conditions, vira inhibited polymerization of tubulin and stimulated mt destabilization. upon microi ...	2002	12065406
essential role of ferritin pfr in helicobacter pylori iron metabolism and gastric colonization.	the reactivity of the essential element iron necessitates a concerted expression of ferritins, which mediate iron storage in a nonreactive state. here we have further established the role of the helicobacter pylori ferritin pfr in iron metabolism and gastric colonization. iron stored in pfr enabled h. pylori to multiply under severe iron starvation and protected the bacteria from acid-amplified iron toxicity, as inactivation of the pfr gene restricted growth of h. pylori under these conditions. ...	2002	12065536
cmeabc functions as a multidrug efflux system in campylobacter jejuni.	campylobacter jejuni, a gram-negative organism causing gastroenteritis in humans, is increasingly resistant to antibiotics. however, little is known about the drug efflux mechanisms in this pathogen. here we characterized an efflux pump encoded by a three-gene operon (designated cmeabc) that contributes to multidrug resistance in c. jejuni 81-176. cmeabc shares significant sequence and structural homology with known tripartite multidrug efflux pumps in other gram-negative bacteria, and it consis ...	2002	12069964
[the current status of infectious enteritis in japan--reports of the "research group for infectious enteric diseases, japan" in the last 5 years (1996-2000)].	the patients or carriers with infectious enteritis admitted to the hospitals for infectious diseases in the last 5 years (1996-2000) were studied. the total number of cases admitted in each year were 969, 1,113, 981, 637 and 573 respectively. a total of 1,527 shigella spp. strains including 1,078 strains from overseas travelers' cases were isolated. the isolates of salmonella spp. excluding s. typhi and s. paratyphi a were 562 in number. a total of 61 vibrio cholerae o1 strains including 44 stra ...	2002	12073571
homonucleotide stretches in chromosomal dna of campylobacter jejuni display high frequency polymorphism as detected by direct pcr analysis.	homopolymeric nucleotide tracts have been previously identified in the genome sequence of campylobacter jejuni 11168 [parkhill et al., nature 403 (2000) 665-668]. these tracts are believed to regulate contingency genes but as yet no phenotypic variation has been identified associated with many of these genes. to investigate homopolymeric tracts for genes for which there is no observable phenotype, a method was designed to visualise profiles of the various tract lengths directly at the genomic le ...	2002	12076791
occurrence and strain diversity of thermophilic campylobacters in cattle of different age groups in dairy herds.	to investigate the occurrence and numbers of thermophilic campylobacters excreted by cattle in dairy herds, and to assess the strain diversity within herds.	2002	12081556
hyperreflexia in axonal guillain-barré syndrome subsequent to campylobacter jejuni enteritis.	we describe a patient with the acute motor axonal neuropathy (aman) form of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), who showed generalized hyperreflexia. a 24-year-old man developed acute paralysis following campylobacter jejuni enteritis. he showed exaggerated tendon reflexes with abnormal reflex spread to other segments, and was initially diagnosed as having post-infectious myelitis. nerve conduction studies showed motor axonal degeneration (the aman pattern), and increased soleus h-reflex amplitudes. ...	2002	12084449
fitness of salmonella enterica serovar thompson in the cilantro phyllosphere.	the epiphytic fitness of salmonella enterica was assessed on cilantro plants by using a strain of s. enterica serovar thompson that was linked to an outbreak resulting from cilantro. salmonella serovar thompson had the ability to colonize the surface of cilantro leaves, where it was detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm) at high densities on the veins and in natural lesions. the population sizes of two common colonizers of plant surfaces, pantoea agglomerans and pseudomonas chloro ...	2002	12089050
transmission of campylobacter hyointestinalis from a pig to a human.	we report on a case of human gastroenteritis caused by the pathogen campylobacter hyointestinalis. recurrent watery diarrhea and intermittent vomiting were the most significant symptoms of the previously healthy patient. whole-cell protein electrophoresis and 16s rrna gene sequencing were used to identify this campylobacter species. investigation of the patient's surroundings led to the recovery of a second c. hyointestinalis strain originating from porcine feces. subsequent typing of the human ...	2002	12089284
pcr for detection of cdt-iii and the relative frequencies of cytolethal distending toxin variant-producing escherichia coli isolates from humans and cattle.	a pcr assay that uses primers whose sequences were obtained from the published sequence of the cdt-iii gene was developed to determine the frequencies of the cdt-i, cdt-ii, and cdt-iii genes in escherichia coli isolates from humans and animals. e. coli isolates producing cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) were infrequently detected. the cdt-i gene was preferentially detected in strains with the cnf1 gene, while the cdt-iii gene was found in strains carrying the cnf2 gene. the cdt-iii genotype was ...	2002	12089305
quality control strains used in susceptibility testing of campylobacter spp.		2002	12089316
catalase, a specific antigen in the feces of human subjects infected with helicobacter pylori.	recently, we reported the production of three new monoclonal antibodies with high specificity for a helicobacter pylori antigen suitable for diagnosis of h. pylori infection. the aim of the present study was to identify the antigen recognized by these monoclonal antibodies concerning both h. pylori and the feces of human subjects infected with h. pylori. the cellular antigen was purified from an h. pylori cell extract by immunoaffinity column chromatography with the monoclonal antibody as a liga ...	2002	12093673
effect of esculentoside a on autoimmunity in mice and its possible mechanisms.	to investigate the influence of esculentoside a (esa) on autoimmunity in mice and its possible mechanisms.	2002	12100759
growth of campylobacter jejuni supported by respiration of fumarate, nitrate, nitrite, trimethylamine-n-oxide, or dimethyl sulfoxide requires oxygen.	the human gastrointestinal pathogen campylobacter jejuni is a microaerophilic bacterium with a respiratory metabolism. the genome sequence of c. jejuni strain 11168 reveals the presence of genes that encode terminal reductases that are predicted to allow the use of a wide range of alternative electron acceptors to oxygen, including fumarate, nitrate, nitrite, and n- or s-oxides. all of these reductase activities were present in cells of strain 11168, and the molybdoenzyme encoded by cj0264c was ...	2002	12107136
survival of campylobacter jejuni in biofilms isolated from chicken houses.	campylobacter jejuni is a thermophilic and microaerophilic enteric pathogen associated with poultry. biofilms may be a source of c. jejuni in poultry house water systems since they can protect constituent microorganisms from environmental stress. in this study, the viability of c. jejuni in biofilms of gram-positive chicken house isolates (p1, y1, and w1) and a pseudomonas sp. was determined using a cultural method (modified brucella agar) and direct viable count (dvc). two-day biofilms grown on ...	2002	12117243
effectiveness of chemical sanitizers against campylobacter jejuni-containing biofilms.	survival of campylobacter jejuni in mixed-culture biofilms was determined after treatment with chemical sanitizers including chlorine, quaternary ammonia, peracetic acid (paa), and a paa/peroctanoic acid mixture (paa/poa). biofilm-producing bacteria (gram-positive rods, y1 and w1) were isolated from chicken house nipple drinkers. a meat plant isolate (pseudomonas sp.) was also included as a biofilm producer. two-day-old biofilms grown on polyvinyl chloride (pvc) plastic coupons in r2a broth at 1 ...	2002	12117244
generation and characterization of human monoclonal scfv antibodies against helicobacter pylori antigens.	infection with helicobacter pylori is chronic despite a vigorous cellular and humoral immune response and causes severe pathology in some patients. in this study, phage display was used as a new approach in order to investigate the role of the host's humoral immune response in the pathogenesis of h. pylori gastritis. human monoclonal single-chain fv (scfv) antibody fragments against h. pylori cell lysate and the h. pylori urease were isolated from an immune phage display library, constructed fro ...	2002	12117924
characterization of pit, a streptococcus pneumoniae iron uptake abc transporter.	bacteria frequently have multiple mechanisms for acquiring iron, an essential micronutrient, from the environment. we have identified a four-gene streptococcus pneumoniae operon, named pit, encoding proteins with similarity to components of a putative brachyspira hyodysenteriae iron uptake abc transporter, bit. an s. pneumoniae strain containing a defined mutation in pit has impaired growth in medium containing the iron chelator ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, reduced sensitivity ...	2002	12117949
outbreak of campylobacter jejuni infections associated with drinking unpasteurized milk procured through a cow-leasing program--wisconsin, 2001.	on december 7, 2001, the sawyer county department of health and human services in northwestern wisconsin notified the wisconsin division of public health about five cases of campylobacter jejuni enteritis. all of the ill persons drank unpasteurized milk obtained at a local dairy farm. this report summarizes the investigation of these and other cases and of a cow-leasing program used to circumvent regulations prohibiting the sale of unpasteurized milk in wisconsin. the outbreak highlights the haz ...	2002	12118535
clinical dysentery in hospitalized children.	clinical dysentery is a severe presentation of an enteric infection. the aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of a serious bacterial etiology in clinical dysentery in hospitalized children and determine if children at high risk can be identified on the basis of clinical or laboratory parameters.	2002	12120936
detection of cytolethal distending toxin activity and cdt genes in actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans isolates from geographically diverse populations.	a cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) found in actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans inhibits the eukaryotic cell cycle, which may contribute to the pathogenic potential of the bacterium. the presence of the cdtabc genes and cdt activity were examined in 40 clinical isolates of a. actinomycetemcomitans from brazil, kenya, japan and sweden. thirty-nine of 40 cell lysates caused distension of chinese hamster ovary cells. at least one of the cdt genes was detected in all strains examined. the three cd ...	2002	12121473
kinetics of kb and hep-2 cell responses to an invasive, cytolethal distending toxin-producing strain of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.	the periodontal pathogen actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans produces cytolethal distending toxin (cdt), a complex multicomponent toxin that arrests the growth of many types of eukaryotic cell. the kinetics of the effects of cdt-containing extracts, from an invasive strain of this bacterium, were examined on epithelial-like cells routinely used in invasion studies. both kb and hep-2 cells were exquisitely sensitive to the effects of the cdt with td50 of 30 and 300 pg of total bacterial protein, ...	2002	12121475
helicobacter pylori induces apoptosis of rat gastric parietal cells.	gastric helicobacter pylori infection may lead to multifocal atrophic corpus gastritis associated with loss of epithelial cells as well as glandular structures. the current work investigated h. pylori effects on cell death of isolated, nontransformed rat parietal cells (pc). highly enriched rat pc (>97%) were isolated from gastric mucosa and cultured in serum-free medium over 24 h. the cells were cocultured over 8 h with cytotoxin-associated immunodominant protein (caga)(+)/vacuolating toxin (va ...	2002	12121877
gyra polymorphism in campylobacter jejuni: detection of gyra mutations in 162 c. jejuni isolates by single-strand conformation polymorphism and dna sequencing.	mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of the gyra gene from 138 ciprofloxacin-resistant (mic, > or =4 microg/ml) and 24 ciprofloxacin-susceptible (mic, < or =1 microg/ml) clinical campylobacter jejuni isolates were subjected to single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and sequencing. all of the isolates could be assigned to three genotypic clusters based on silent mutations. all resistant isolates had a point mutation at codon 86.	2002	12121947
multifocal motor neuropathy and campylobacter jejuni reactivity.	in some patients, campylobacter jejuni infection has been associated with the development of multifocal motor neuropathy (mmn) and high titers of antiganglioside antibodies. the authors measured anti-c. jejuni antibodies by elisa and immunoblot in 20 patients with mmn, and correlated their presence with antiganglioside reactivity and a history of recent diarrhea. only one patient had high titers of anti-c. jejuni antibodies, indicating that c. jejuni is unlikely to be involved in the pathogenesi ...	2002	12136073
regulation of riboflavin biosynthesis and transport genes in bacteria by transcriptional and translational attenuation.	the riboflavin biosynthesis in bacteria was analyzed using comparative analysis of genes, operons and regulatory elements. a model for regulation based on formation of alternative rna structures involving the rfn elements is suggested. in gram-positive bacteria including actinomycetes, thermotoga, thermus and deinococcus, the riboflavin metabolism and transport genes are predicted to be regulated by transcriptional attenuation, whereas in most gram-negative bacteria, the riboflavin biosynthesis ...	2002	12136096
suppressive subtractive hybridization detects extensive genomic diversity in thermotoga maritima.	comparisons between genomes of closely related bacteria often show large variations in gene content, even between strains of the same species. such studies have focused mainly on pathogens; here, we examined thermotoga maritima, a free-living hyperthermophilic bacterium, by using suppressive subtractive hybridization. the genome sequence of t. maritima msb8 is available, and dna from this strain served as a reference to obtain strain-specific sequences from thermotoga sp. strain rq2, a very clos ...	2002	12142418
genome-wide transcriptional profiling in a histidine kinase mutant of helicobacter pylori identifies members of a regulon.	to identify putative members of a regulon controlled by the h. pylori sensory histidine kinase hp0164 (hk0164), we constructed hk0164 null mutant h. pylori strains and analyzed bacterial gene transcription using dna arrays. seven genes were differentially expressed in multiple hk0164 mutant strains compared to their expression in control strains. strain-dependent variations in differential expression were also detected. these results indicate that the signal transduction circuit utilizing hk0164 ...	2002	12142435
crystal structure of an mrna-binding fragment of moorella thermoacetica elongation factor selb.	selb is an elongation factor needed for the co-translational incorporation of selenocysteine. selenocysteine is coded by a uga stop codon in combination with a specific downstream mrna hairpin. in bacteria, the c-terminal part of selb recognizes this hairpin, while the n-terminal part binds gtp and trna in analogy with elongation factor tu (ef-tu). we present the crystal structure of a c-terminal fragment of selb (selb-c) from moorella thermoacetica at 2.12 a resolution, solved by a combination ...	2002	12145214
helicobacter pylori impairs dna mismatch repair in gastric epithelial cells.	helicobacter pylori infection is a major gastric cancer risk factor. h. pylori gastritis occurs more frequently in individuals with microsatellite instability-positive than those with microsatellite instability-negative gastric cancers, raising the possibility that h. pylori infection affects dna mismatch repair (mmr). the aim of this study was to determine the effect of h. pylori on the expression of dna mmr proteins and rna in gastric epithelial cells.	2002	12145807
the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase motif is lacking in pmpa, the prsa-like protein involved in the secretion machinery of lactococcus lactis.	the prsa-like gene from lactococcus lactis encoding its single homologue to prsa, an essential protein triggering the folding of secreted proteins in bacillus subtilis, was characterized. this gene, annotated pmpa, encodes a lipoprotein of 309 residues whose expression is increased 7- to 10-fold when the source of nitrogen is limited. a slight increase in the expression of the prsa-like protein (plp) in l. lactis removed the degradation products previously observed with the staphylococcus hyicus ...	2002	12147493
combined use of two genetic fingerprinting methods, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and ribotyping, for characterization of escherichia coli o157 isolates from food animals, retail meats, and cases of human disease.	two genetic fingerprinting techniques, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and ribotyping, were used to characterize 207 escherichia coli o157 isolates from food animals, foods of animal origin, and cases of human disease (206 of the isolates were from the united kingdom). in addition, 164 of these isolates were also phage typed. the isolates were divided into two general groups: (i) unrelated isolates not known to be epidemiologically linked (n = 154) and originating from food animals, food ...	2002	12149334
molecular epidemiology of caliciviruses causing outbreaks and sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis in spain.	the molecular epidemiology of human caliciviruses (hucvs) causing sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis around eastern spain (catalonia and the valencian community) was studied by reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) and by sequencing part of the rna polymerase gene in open reading frame 1. hucvs were detected in 44 of 310 stool specimens (14.19%) negative for other enteric pathogens obtained from children with acute gastroenteritis. norwalk-like viruses (nlvs) were the most common ...	2002	12149342
hypogammaglobulinaemia: cumulative experience in 49 patients in a tertiary care institution.	in this paper, clinical data of 49 adult patients with agammaglobulinaemia (syn. hypogammaglobulinaemia), 15 cases of x-linked agammaglobulinaemia (xla) and 34 of common variable immunodeficiency (cvid) are reviewed. although immunoglobulin substitution largely abolished life-threatening respiratory tract infections, considerable infectious and non-infectious morbidity was still encountered in these patients. almost all patients suffered from chronic or recurrent upper and lower airway infection ...	2002	12164371
occupational health and safety in small animal veterinary practice: part i--nonparasitic zoonotic diseases.	zoonotic diseases are an ever-present concern in small animal veterinary practice and are often overlooked. a variety of nonparasitic zoonotic diseases may be encountered in small animal practice, including cat scratch disease (bartonellosis), cat bite abscesses, rabies, leptospirosis, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, salmonellosis, avian chlamydiosis, campylobacteriosis, dermatophytosis, and blastomycosis. these may cause human disease rang ...	2002	12170843
pervasive properties of the genomic signature.	the dinucleotide relative abundance profile can be regarded as a genomic signature because, despite diversity between species, it varies little between 50 kilobase or longer windows on a given genome. both the causes and the functional significance of this phenomenon could be illuminated by determining if it persists on smaller scales. the profile is computed from the base step "odds ratios" that compare dinucleotide frequencies to those expected under the assumption of stochastic equilibrium (t ...	2002	12171605
evidence that plant-like genes in chlamydia species reflect an ancestral relationship between chlamydiaceae, cyanobacteria, and the chloroplast.	an unusually high proportion of proteins encoded in chlamydia genomes are most similar to plant proteins, leading to proposals that a chlamydia ancestor obtained genes from a plant or plant-like host organism by horizontal gene transfer. however, during an analysis of bacterial-eukaryotic protein similarities, we found that the vast majority of plant-like sequences in chlamydia are most similar to plant proteins that are targeted to the chloroplast, an organelle derived from a cyanobacterium. we ...	2002	12176923
peptide linkage mapping of the agrobacterium tumefaciens vir-encoded type iv secretion system reveals protein subassemblies.	numerous bacterial pathogens use type iv secretion systems (t4ss) to deliver virulence factors directly to the cytoplasm of plant, animal, and human host cells. here, evidence for interactions among components of the agrobacterium tumefaciens vir-encoded t4ss is presented. the results derive from a high-resolution yeast two-hybrid assay, in which a library of small peptide domains of t4ss components was screened for interactions. the use of small peptides overcomes problems associated with assay ...	2002	12177441
flaa-like sequences containing internal termination codons (tag) in urease-positive thermophilic campylobacter isolated in japan.	to demonstrate two flaa-like sequences containing two internal termination codons (tag) in two japanese strains of urease-positive thermophilic campylobacter (uptc).	2002	12180938
prevalence of thermophilic campylobacter spp. in ready-to-eat foods and raw poultry in northern ireland.	although there have been numerous studies investigating the prevalence of campylobacters in animals and raw meats, there are limited data on the persistence of these organisms in ready-to-eat (rte) foodstuffs. although poultry is now well established as a major reservoir of thermophilic campylobacters, it is widely assumed that hazard analysis critical control point (haccp) controls in commercial and industrial settings are effective in eliminating this hazard through thorough cooking of rte pro ...	2002	12182488
the regulator perr is involved in oxidative stress response and iron homeostasis and is necessary for full virulence of streptococcus pyogenes.	ferric uptake regulator (fur) and fur-like proteins form an important family of transcriptional regulators in many bacterial species. in this work we have characterized a fur-like protein, the peroxide regulator perr, in an m1 serotype of streptococcus pyogenes. to determine the role of perr in s. pyogenes, we inactivated the gene by allelic replacement. perr-deficient bacteria showed 48% reduction of (55)fe incorporation from the culture medium. transcriptional analysis revealed that mtsa, enco ...	2002	12183543
tolerance to self gangliosides is the major factor restricting the antibody response to lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides in campylobacter jejuni strains associated with guillain-barré syndrome.	guillain-barré syndrome following campylobacter jejuni infection is frequently associated with anti-ganglioside autoantibodies mediated by molecular mimicry with ganglioside-like oligosaccharides on bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps). the regulation of antibody responses to these t-cell-independent antigens is poorly understood, and only a minority of campylobacter-infected individuals develop anti-ganglioside antibodies. this study investigates the response to gangliosides and lps in strains of ...	2002	12183547
ganglioside mimicry of campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharides determines antiganglioside specificity in rabbits.	the core oligosaccharides of campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharides (lps) display molecular mimicry with gangliosides. cross-reactive anti-lps-antiganglioside antibodies have been implicated to show a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the guillain-barré and miller fisher syndrome. the specificity of the antiganglioside response is thought to depend on the oligosaccharide structure of the ganglioside mimic. to test this hypothesis and to investigate the potential of lps from campylobacter str ...	2002	12183556
campylobacter jejuni from patients with guillain-barré syndrome preferentially expresses a gd(1a)-like epitope.	gm(1)- and gd(1a)-like ganglioside mimicry in campylobacter jejuni lipooligosaccharide (los) is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of campylobacter-induced guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). compared with gastroenteritis-related isolates, gbs-related c. jejuni isolates were strongly associated with the expression of gd(1a)-like mimicry. the presence of a few genes involved in los ganglioside mimicry, cst-ii, cgta, and cgtb, was also associated with gbs-related strains. gd(1a)-like epitope ...	2002	12183587
structure of the n-linked glycan present on multiple glycoproteins in the gram-negative bacterium, campylobacter jejuni.	mass spectrometry investigations of partially purified campylobacter jejuni protein peb3 showed it to be partially modified with an asn-linked glycan with a mass of 1406 da and composed of one hexose, five n-acetylhexosamines and a species of mass 228 da, consistent with a trideoxydiacetamidohexose. by means of soybean lectin affinity chromatography, a mixture of glycoproteins was obtained from a glycine extract, and two-dimensional gel proteomics analysis led to the identification of at least 2 ...	2002	12186869
a novel cell entry pathway for a daf-using human enterovirus is dependent on lipid rafts.	the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-anchored complement regulatory protein decay-accelerating factor (daf) is used by a number of enteroviruses as a receptor during infection. daf and other gpi-anchored proteins can be found in cholesterol-rich ordered domains within the plasma membrane that are known as "lipid rafts." we have shown, by using drugs to specifically inhibit various endocytosis routes, that infection by a daf-using strain of echovirus 11 (ev11) is dependent upon cholesterol and ...	2002	12186914
a case-case comparison of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni infection: a tool for generating hypotheses.	preventing campylobacteriosis depends on a thorough understanding of its epidemiology. we used case-case analysis to compare cases of campylobacter coli infection with cases of c. jejuni infection, to generate hypotheses for infection from standardized, population-based sentinel surveillance information in england and wales. persons with c. coli infection were more likely to have drunk bottled water than were those with c. jejuni infection and, in general, were more likely to have eaten pâté. im ...	2002	12194770
molecular characterization of campylobacter jejuni clones: a basis for epidemiologic investigation.	a total of 814 isolates of the foodborne pathogen campylobacter jejuni were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and analysis of the variation of two cell-surface components: the heat-stable (hs) serotyping antigen and the flagella protein flaa short variable region. we identified 379 combinations of the mlst loci (sequence types) and 215 combinations of the cell-surface components among these isolates, which had been obtained from human disease, animals, food, and the environment. ...	2002	12194772
response of intestinal epithelial cells to trichuris suis excretory-secretory products and the influence on campylobacter jejuni invasion under in vitro conditions.	we previously developed a swine animal model in which natural host resistance to campylobacter jejuni is altered by experimental infection with low numbers of the nematode trichuris suis. pigs naturally colonized with c. jejuni experience colitis because of the invasion of the bacterium approximately 21 days after exposure to t. suis. to better understand the mechanism of t. suis-dependent c. jejuni colitis, we evaluated the effects of t. suis excretory-secretory products (esps) on intestinal ep ...	2002	12197123
from the farm to the kitchen table: the negative impact of antimicrobial use in animals on humans.	antimicrobials used as growth promotion agents in the livestock and poultry industries appear to result in the spread of drug-resistant pathogens to humans such as vancomycin-resistant enterococci, fluoroquinolone-resistant campylobacter jejuni, and multidrug-resistant strains of salmonella enterica. we present some epidemiologic evidence supporting this link and suggest that the use of antimicrobial agents for nontherapeutic purposes in food animals should be severely limited, if not banned alt ...	2002	12199302
environmental regulation of campylobacter jejuni major outer membrane protein porin expression in escherichia coli monitored by using green fluorescent protein.	porins allow exchanges between bacteria and their environment. in the gram-negative food-borne pathogen campylobacter jejuni two porins, major outer membrane protein (momp) and omp50, have been identified. momp is synthesized at a very high level under laboratory culture conditions, suggesting that its promoter functions very efficiently under these conditions. in campylobacter samples, we observed that momp porin expression increased at a high temperature (42 degrees c) or a high ph (ph 8.5) co ...	2002	12200267
quorum sensing and production of autoinducer-2 in campylobacter spp., escherichia coli o157:h7, and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in foods.	autoinducer molecules are utilized by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria to regulate density-dependent gene expression by a mechanism known as quorum sensing. pcr and dna sequencing results showed that campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli possessed luxs, which is responsible for autoinducer-2 (ai-2) production. using a vibrio harveyi luminescence assay, the production of ai-2 was observed in milk, chicken broth, and brucella broth by c. coli, c. jejuni, salmonella enterica serovar t ...	2002	12200329
rational design of dna sequence-based strategies for subtyping listeria monocytogenes.	the ability to differentiate bacteria beyond the species level is essential for identifying and tracking infectious disease outbreaks and to improve our knowledge of the population genetics, epidemiology, and ecology of bacterial pathogens. commonly used subtyping methods, such as serotyping, phage typing, ribotyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, can yield ambiguous results that are difficult to standardize and share among laboratories. dna sequence-based subtyping strategies can reduce ...	2002	12202573
novel domains and orthologues of eukaryotic transcription elongation factors.	the passage of rna polymerase ii across eukaryotic genes is impeded by the nucleosome, an octamer of histones h2a, h2b, h3 and h4 dimers. more than a dozen factors in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae are known to facilitate transcription elongation through chromatin. in order to better understand the evolution and function of these factors, their sequences have been compared with known protein, est and dna sequences. elongator subcomplex components elp4p and elp6p are shown to be homologues of ...	2002	12202748
predicted structure and phyletic distribution of the rna-binding protein hfq.	hfq, a bacterial rna-binding protein, was recently shown to contain the sm1 motif, a characteristic of sm and lsm proteins that function in rna processing events in archaea and eukaryotes. in this report, comparative structural modeling was used to predict a three-dimensional structure of the hfq core sequence. the predicted structure aligns with most major features of the methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum lsm protein structure. conserved residues in hfq are positioned at the same structural ...	2002	12202750
immunoglobulin g antibody response to infection with coccoid forms of helicobacter pylori.	an increasing number of studies support a potential role for coccoid forms in helicobacter pylori infection. evidence for this was obtained through scanning microscopy, genetic analysis for virulence traits, examination of the presence and activity of key enzymes, and other methods. we studied the serum immunoglobulin g responses to coccoid h. pylori forms by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunoblotting and compared them with those of bacillary cells. sera from a total of 295 inf ...	2002	12204961
activation of the transcription factor nf-kappab by campylobacter jejuni.	campylobacter jejuni is a food-borne pathogen responsible for infectious enterocolitis. the early-response transcription factor nf-kappa b triggers the expression of genes associated with cellular immune and inflammatory responses. co-incubation of hela cells with viable c. jejuni leads to the activation of the transcription factor nf-kappa b as determined by specific induction of a cellular luciferase-based reporter. boiled cell-free extracts of c. jejuni are also potent dose-dependent stimulat ...	2002	12213922
[utility of studying feces for the diagnosis and management of infants and preschool children with acute diarrhea].	to analyze the results of a stool work-up protocol in a series of infants and preschoolers with acute diarrhea.	2002	12216520
interdependent expression of the cconoqp-rdxbhis loci in rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1.	the rdxbhis gene cluster of rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1, located downstream of the cconoqp operon encoding the cbb(3) cytochrome c oxidase, is required for the posttranscriptional modification of the cbb(3) cytochrome c oxidase. the cbb(3) cytochrome c oxidase is the main terminal oxidase under microaerobic conditions, as well as a component of the signal transduction pathway controlling photosynthesis gene expression. because of the intimate functional and positional relationships of the ccon ...	2002	12218019
[an outbreak of campylobacter jejuni enteritis after farm visit in haifa subdistrict].	we report on an outbreak of campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) gastroenteritis among children residing in haifa subdistrict after a farm visit. this incident emphasizes the importance of this issue and our report suggests preventive measures to reduce the risk of transmission of enteric pathogens in such situations.	2002	12222128
detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 using immunomagnetic separation and absorbance measurement.	an assay system for detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 was developed based on immunomagnetic separation of the target pathogen from samples and absorbance measurement of p-nitrophenol at 400 nm from p-nitrophenyl phosphate hydrolysis by alkaline phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.1) on the "sandwich" structure complexes (antibodies coated onto micromagnetic beads--e. coli o157:h7-antibodies conjugated with the enzyme) formed on the microbead surface. the effects of immunoreaction time, phosphate buffer co ...	2002	12223297
dynamic diversity of the tryptophan pathway in chlamydiae: reductive evolution and a novel operon for tryptophan recapture.	complete genomic sequences of closely related organisms, such as the chlamydiae, afford the opportunity to assess significant strain differences against a background of many shared characteristics. the chlamydiae are ubiquitous intracellular parasites that are important pathogens of humans and other organisms. tryptophan limitation caused by production of interferon-gamma by the host and subsequent induction of indoleamine dioxygenase is a key aspect of the host-parasite interaction. it appears ...	2002	12225590
cxxs: fold-independent redox motif revealed by genome-wide searches for thiol/disulfide oxidoreductase function.	redox reactions involving thiol groups in proteins are major participants in cellular redox regulation and antioxidant defense. although mechanistically similar, thiol-dependent redox processes are catalyzed by structurally distinct families of enzymes, which are difficult to identify by available protein function prediction programs. herein, we identified a functional motif, cxxs (cysteine separated from serine by two other residues), that was often conserved in redox enzymes, but rarely in oth ...	2002	12237451
identification of a new source of campylobacter contamination in poultry: transmission from breeder hens to broiler chickens.	campylobacter jejuni, a foodborne pathogen closely associated with market poultry, is considered to be the most frequent agent of human gastroenteritis in the united states. the pathways involved in the contamination of poultry flocks, vertical transmission and/or horizontal transmission, are unclear. in this study, campylobacter isolates from two independent commercial broiler breeder flocks, as well as from their respective progeny, were characterized and compared by psti ribotype analysis and ...	2002	12243515
effect of high-temperature inside-outside spray on survival of campylobacter jejuni attached to prechill chicken carcasses.	prechill chicken carcasses, inoculated with campylobacter jejuni, were sprayed in an inside-outside birdwasher at 20, 55, or 60 c, with or without 50 ppm chlorine, in a poultry processing pilot plant. carcasses were sprayed for 12 s at 80 pounds per square inch (psi). next, carcasses were placed in a chiller filled with 50 ppm chlorinated ice water at 4 c for 50 min. most probable numbers of c. jejuni were determined based on chicken carcass wash water before and after the spray treatment. the s ...	2002	12269619
multiresistant clones of salmonella enterica: the importance of dissemination.	increasing anitmicrobial resistance among foodborne pathogens has prompted calls for the reduction of anitmicrobial use in livestock to prevent future emergence or resistance. in the case of salmonella enterica, clonal dissemination may play a more critical role in regional changes in antimicrobial resistance in salmonellae than antimicrobial selection pressure. multi-resistant salmonella typhimurium definitive type 104 (mr-dt104) emerged from an unknown location and was disseminated globally du ...	2002	12271270
the relationship of campylobacter jejuni infection and the development of guillain-barré syndrome.	campylobacter jejuni is recognized as the most common infectious agent associated with the development of guillain-barré syndrome. available information on the complete genome sequence of c. jejuni nctc 11168 has helped researchers to identify polysaccharide capsules as well as genetic mechanisms in the synthesis of ganglioside-like cell surface molecules in this bacteria. toxins may contribute to the host's inflammatory response seen in guillain-barré syndrome.	2002	12015454
detection of campylobacter antibodies in sheep sera by a dot-elisa using acid extracts from c. fetus ssp. fetus and c. jejuni strains and comparison with a complement fixation test.	in this study, a dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-elisa) was evaluated in comparison with a complement fixation test (cft) for the detection of campylobacter antibodies in sheep sera. acid glycine extracts (age) of both campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus and campylobacter jejuni strains that had been isolated from the gall-bladder of slaughtered sheep was used as antigen in both tests. a total of 153 sheep sera from aborted (74) and slaughtered (79) sheep were examined by both dot-elisa an ...	2002	12019946
anti-gt1a igg in guillain-barré syndrome.	to investigate the presence of serum anti-gt1a igg in guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) and its relation to clinical manifestations.	2002	12023422
regulation of the bacillus subtilis fur and perr genes by perr: not all members of the perr regulon are peroxide inducible.	perr is a ferric uptake repressor (fur) homolog that functions as the central regulator of the inducible peroxide stress response in bacillus subtilis. perr has been previously demonstrated to regulate the mrga, kata, ahpcf, hemaxcdbl, and zosa genes. we now demonstrate that perr also mediates both the repression of its own gene and that of fur. whereas perr-mediated repression of most target genes can be elicited by either manganese or iron, repression of perr and fur is selective for manganese ...	2002	12029044
detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in foods by enrichment culture and polymerase chain reaction enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay based on a solution hybridization format with colorimetric end-point detection (pcr elisa) was investigated for the specific detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in food samples following enrichment culture. one hundred fifteen samples of raw meat and offal (poultry, porcine, ovine, and bovine), raw shellfish, and artificially contaminated milk were enriched in blood-free campylobacter enrichment broth for 48 h. enrichment cultures were ...	2002	12030285