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development and evaluation of a combined cultivator and band sprayer with a row-centering rtk-gps guidance system.typically, low-pressure sprayers are used to uniformly apply pre- and post-emergent herbicides to control weeds in crop rows. an innovative machine for weed control in inter-row and intra-row areas, with a unique combination of inter-row cultivation tooling and intra-row band spraying for six rows and an electro-hydraulic side-shift frame controlled by a gps system, was developed and evaluated. two weed management strategies were tested in the field trials: broadcast spraying (the conventional m ...201323478600
influence of dietary fiber type and amount on energy and nutrient digestibility, fecal characteristics, and fecal fermentative end-product concentrations in captive exotic felids fed a raw beef-based diet.little nutritional or metabolic information has been collected from captive exotic cats fed raw diets. in particular, fiber types and concentrations for use in raw meat-based diets for captive exotic felids have not been well studied. our objective was to evaluate the effects of fiber type and concentration on apparent total tract energy and macronutrient digestibility, fecal characteristics, and fecal fermentative end-products in captive exotic felids. four animals of each captive exotic specie ...201323463568
highly diverse chromoviruses of beta vulgaris are classified by chromodomains and chromosomal integration.chromoviruses are one of the three genera of ty3-gypsy long terminal repeat (ltr) retrotransposons, and are present in high copy numbers in plant genomes. they are widely distributed within the plant kingdom, with representatives even in lower plants such as green and red algae. their hallmark is the presence of a chromodomain at the c-terminus of the integrase. the chromodomain exhibits structural characteristics similar to proteins of the heterochromatin protein 1 (hp1) family, which mediate t ...201323448600
stabilized conversion efficiency and dye-sensitized solar cells from beta vulgaris pigment.dye-sensitized solar cells (dsscs), based on tio(2) and assembled using a dye from beta vulgaris extract (bve) with tetraethylorthosilicate (teos), are reported. the dye bve/teos increased its uv resistance, rendering an increase in the cell lifetime; the performance of these solar cells was compared to those prepared with bve without teos. the efficiency η for the solar energy conversion was, for bve and bve/teos, of 0.89% ± 0.006% and 0.68% ± 0.006% with a current density jsc of 2.71 ± 0.003 m ...201323429194
risk factors for large colon volvulus in the uk.risk factors for large colon volvulus (lcv) in the horse have not been previously reported. knowledge of these risk factors may allow the introduction of measures that could be taken to minimise the incidence of lcv.201323414461
detection of adulteration in honey samples added various sugar syrups with 13c/12c isotope ratio analysis method.honey can be adulterated in various ways. one of the adulteration methods is the addition of different sugar syrups during or after honey production. starch-based sugar syrups, high fructose corn syrup (hfcs), glucose syrup (gs) and saccharose syrups (ss), which are produced from beet or canes, can be used for adulterating honey. in this study, adulterated honey samples were prepared with the addition of hfcs, gs and ss (beet sugar) at a ratio of 0%, 10%, 20%, 40% and 50% by weight. (13)c/(12)c ...201323411291
effects of phytase supplementation in mature horses fed alfalfa hay and pelleted concentrate diets.an experiment was conducted to study p digestibility in mature horses because of the growing environmental concerns regarding p runoff and previous equine research focused mostly on young and growing animals or used ponies as a model. phytase supplementation of swine and poultry diets can result in greater phytate-p digestibility, leading to a decreased need for inorganic p supplementation and a decrease in p excreted to the environment; this, however, has not been demonstrated in the horse. six ...201323408815
physico-chemical characterization of protein-associated polysaccharides extracted from sugar beet pulp.we have solubilized and separated polysaccharides from sugar beet pulp (sbp) into three fractions with steam assisted flash extraction (safe). for pectin, recovery ranged from 8 to 14%, degree of methy-esterification 66-73%, crude protein 1.3-1.7%, m(w) 262-318 kda, η(w) 0.22-0.23 dl/g, rg(z) 36-39 nm and rh(z) 41-42 nm. for alkaline soluble polysaccharides, (asp i) recovery ranged from 4.0 to 6.5%, crude protein 1.2-4.8%, weight average molar mass (m(w)) 66-68 kda, weight average intrinsic visc ...201323399286
pulsed electric field-assisted modification of pectin from sugar beet pulp.this current work is concerned with the modification of sugar beet pulp (sbp) pectin assisted by pulsed electric filed (pef) without solvent. pectin-arachates with degree of esterification (de) ranging from 49 to 84 were prepared in one-step modification. the results showed that the de of pectin derivatives increased significantly with the pef intensity from 18 to 30 kv cm((1) and total specific energy input from 124 to 345 j ml((1). evidence of modification of pectin was provided by ft-ir, x-ra ...201323399208
to beet or not to beet? 201323743401
selective determination of sucrose based on electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer modified multiwall carbon nanotubes/glassy carbon electrode.a novel and selective electrochemical sensor was successfully developed for the determination of sucrose by integrating electropolymerization of molecularly imprinted polymer with multiwall carbon nanotubes. the sensor was prepared by electropolymerizing of o-phenylenediamine in the presence of template, sucrose, on a multiwall carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode. the sensor preparation conditions including sucrose concentration, the number of cv cycles in the electropolymerization ...201323706246
analysis of glabrous canary seeds by elisa, mass spectrometry, and western blotting for the absence of cross-reactivity with major plant food allergens.glabrous (hairless) canary seed belongs to the poaceae (gramineae) family and could serve as an alternative source of gluten-free cereal grain. in this study, allergenic cross-reactivities between hairless, dehulled canary seeds (phalaris canariensis) and major allergenic proteins from gluten, soy, peanuts, tree nuts, sesame, and mustard were studied using commercial enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (elisa) kits specific for these target allergens. mass spectrometry (ms) and immunoblotting wer ...201323706175
effect of cooking methods on antioxidant activity and nitrate content of selected wild mediterranean plants.wild edible plants (wep), traditionally consumed in the mediterranean diet, are considered a rich source of natural antioxidants but can also accumulate significant amount of nitrates. most wep are cooked before consumption, therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the effects of boiling, steaming and microwave cooking processes on the total antioxidant activity (taa) and nitrate content of eight common wep. boiling caused the highest losses of taa, resulting in a reduction of the taa on dry ...201323701122
synthesis, insecticidal activities, and sar studies of novel pyridylpyrazole acid derivatives based on amide bridge modification of anthranilic diamide insecticides.anthranilic diamides are one of the most important classes of modern agricultural insecticides. to discover new structure-modified compounds with high activity, series of novel carbonyl thioureas, carbonyl ureas, oxadiazoles, carbonyl thiophosphorylureas, oxadiazole-containing amides, and thiazoline-containing amides were designed through the modification of the amide bridge based on the structure of chlorantraniliprole and were synthesized, and bioassays were carried out. the compounds were cha ...201323687975
molecular basis for the recognition of long-chain substrates by plant α-glucosidases.sugar beet α-glucosidase (sbg), a member of glycoside hydrolase family 31, shows exceptional long-chain specificity, exhibiting higher kcat/km values for longer malto-oligosaccharides. however, its amino acid sequence is similar to those of other short chain-specific α-glucosidases. to gain structural insights into the long-chain substrate recognition of sbg, a crystal structure complex with the pseudotetrasaccharide acarbose was determined at 1.7 å resolution. the active site pocket of sbg is f ...201323687304
increased long-flight activity triggered in beet armyworm by larval feeding on diet containing cry1ac protoxin.evaluating ecological safety and conducting pest risk analysis for transgenic crops are vitally important before their commercial planting. the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, a long-distance migratory insect pest, is not a direct target of transgenic cry1ac-expressing cotton in china, but nevertheless it has recently become an important pest. migrants leaving their natal field arrive in other appropriate habitat far away in a short time, often followed by larval outbreaks. s. exigua has low s ...201323675489
mitochondrial genome sequence of the legume vicia faba.the number of plant mitochondrial genomes sequenced exceeds two dozen. however, for a detailed comparative study of different phylogenetic branches more plant mitochondrial genomes should be sequenced. this article presents sequencing data and comparative analysis of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of the legume vicia faba. the size of the v. faba circular mitochondrial master chromosome of cultivar broad windsor was estimated as 588,000 bp with a genome complexity of 387,745 bp and 52 conservative mi ...201323675376
investigation of copper sorption by sugar beet processing lime waste.in the western united states, sugar beet processing for sugar recovery generates a lime-based waste product (∼250,000 mg yr) that has little liming value in the region's calcareous soils. this area has recently experienced an increase in dairy production, with dairies using copper (cu)-based hoof baths to prevent hoof diseases. a concern exists regarding soil cu accumulation because spent hoof baths may be disposed of in waste ponds, with pond waters being used for irrigation. the objective of t ...201323673960
host growth can cause invasive spread of crops by soilborne pathogens.invasive soilborne plant pathogens cause substantial damage to crops and natural populations, but our understanding of how to prevent their epidemics or reduce their damage is limited. a key and experimentally-tested concept in the epidemiology of soilborne plant diseases is that of a threshold spacing between hosts below which epidemics (invasive spread) can occur. we extend this paradigm by examining how plant-root growth may alter the conditions for occurrence of soilborne pathogen epidemics ...201323667560
nmr (¹h) analysis of crude extracts detects light stress in beta vulgaris and spinacia oleracea leaves.in highlight stress conditions, the mechanism of non-photochemical quenching (npq) of chlorophyll fluorescence is triggered at the chloroplast level. this process allows thermal quenching of the excessive excitation energy and it is strictly related to the efficiency of the xanthophyll cycle. nowadays, the utilization of the nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy provides a powerful complementary way for the identification and quantitative analysis of plant metabolites either in vivo or i ...201323661197
rac1 mediates cytokine-stimulated hemocyte spreading via prostaglandin biosynthesis in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua.cell spreading is an integral component of insect hemocytic immune reactions to infections and invasions. cell spreading is accomplished by cytoskeleton rearrangement, which is activated by three major immune mediators, biogenic monoamines, plasmatocyte-spreading peptide (psp), and eicosanoids, particularly prostaglandin e2 (pge2). however, little is known about how these immune mediators activate hemocyte spreading at the intra-cellular level. a small g protein, rac1, acts in cytoskeleton arran ...201323660478
feed intake, ruminal fermentation, and animal behavior of beef heifers fed forage free diets containing nonforage fiber sources.eight simmental heifers (initial bw 313.4 ± 13.2 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental treatments in a 4 × 4 double latin square design. the experiment was performed in four 28-d periods. treatments tested were a control diet in which barley straw (bs) was used as a fiber source and 3 diets where the main difference was the nonforage fiber source used: soybean hulls (sh), beet pulp (bp) in pellets, and whole cottonseed (wcs). all ingredients, except the fiber sources, were ground thr ...201323658365
architectural remodeling of the tonoplast during fluid-phase endocytosis.during fluid phase endocytosis (fpe) in plant storage cells, the vacuole receives a considerable amount of membrane and fluid contents. if allowed to accumulate over a period of time, the enlarging tonoplast and increase in fluids would invariably disrupt the structural equilibrium of the mature cells. therefore, a membrane retrieval process must exist that will guarantee membrane homeostasis in light of tonoplast expansion by membrane addition during fpe. we examined the morphological changes t ...201323656870
hydrogen peroxide generation in the vacuoles of red beet root cells. 201323652440
herpetogramma bipunctalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) biology and techniques for rearing on leaves of the blackberry (rubus spp., rosaceae).the larvae of the southern beet webworm herpetogramma bipunctalis (fabricius, 1794) damage the leaves of species in the plant genus rubus. the present study investigated the biology of h. bipunctalis and developed a protocol for raising h. bipunctalis under laboratory conditions. on the basis of the biological data, we devised a life table. in order to develop the rearing procedures, we determined which oviposition substrate and blackberry cultivar were the most appropriate for larval developmen ...201323644800
optimization of production yield and functional properties of pectin extracted from sugar beet pulp.a central composite design was employed to determine the optimum extraction condition to obtain higher yield, better color attribute as well as better rheological and emulsifying properties in pectin extracted from sugar beet pulp (sbp). a second-order polynomial model was developed for predicting the yield of sugar beet pulp pectin (sbpp) based on the composite design. response surface methodology (rsm) was used to quantify the integral effect of three processing parameters (extraction temperat ...201323618265
the effects of dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs.the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of total dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility and the relationship between apparent total tract digestibility of total dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and available energy. sugar beet pulp was as the only fiber source. the experiment was designed as a 6 × 6 latin square with an adaptation period of 7 d followed by a 5-d total collection of feces and urine. feed intake tended to decrease (p =0.10 ...201323587355
stabilisation of strawberry (fragaria x ananassa duch.) anthocyanins by different pectins.the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different pectins on strawberry anthocyanins in viscous model solutions at ph 3.0. for this purpose, low esterified amidated, low and high methyl esterified citrus and apple pectins, and a sugar beet pectin (sbp), respectively, were added to strawberry extracts. the latter were predominantly composed of pelargonidin-glycosides, containing either reduced (e-1) or original amounts of non-anthocyanin phenolics (e-2). model systems we ...201323871051
corn defense responses to nitrogen availability and subsequent performance and feeding preferences of beet armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae).many studies have reported the effect of nitrogen (n) fertilization on plant constitutive defense responses; however, little is known about their effects on plant induced defense patterns and its consequence for insect herbivores. in our experiments, the effects of n availability on growth, nutritional quality (n content, protein/carbohydrate [p:c] ratio, modified gross energy [mge]), and constitutive phenolics of corn, zea mays l. were quantified. moreover, the indirect effects of n fertilizati ...201323865189
occurrence, sequence polymorphism and population structure of circulifer tenellus virus 1 in a field population of the beet leafhopper.circulifer tenellus virus 1 (citv1) is the prototypical example of an unusual group of dsrna viruses associated with insects and for which ecological data are lacking. a san joaquin valley (sjv), california population of the beet leafhopper (blh; circulifer tenellus [baker]) was sampled for citv1 in 2010. among 365 blh sampled, 119 (32.6%) were positive for citv1, with at least one citv1-positive blh collected from each of 35 locations. chi-square tests indicated that observed citv1 incidence di ...201323845300
heavy metals removal from aqueous solutions and wastewaters by using various byproducts.water contamination with heavy metals (hm) represents a potential threat to humans, animals and plants, and thus removal of these metals from contaminated waters has received increasing attention. the present study aimed to assess the efficiency of some low cost sorbents i.e., chitosan (ch), egg shell (es), humate potassium (hk), and sugar beet factory lime (sbfl) for removal of cadmium (cd), copper (cu), lead (pb) and zinc (zn) from wastewaters. for this purpose batch equilibrium experiments we ...201323831673
synergistic cytotoxicity of red beetroot (beta vulgaris l.) extract with doxorubicin in human pancreatic, breast and prostate cancer cell lines.although a wide variety of cytotoxic plant extracts and phytochemicals are known to act synergistically with anticancer drug doxorubicin (d), their clinical application is hindered by safety concerns of such combination therapy. our earlier studies showed that red beetroot (beta vulgaris l.) extract (b), approved by food and drug administration and european union as red food color e162, reduced multi-organ tumor formations in various animal models when administered in drinking water. this led us ...201323828331
caecal absorption of vitexin-2-o-xyloside and its aglycone apigenin, in the rat.the in vivo bioavailability of the flavone-c-glycosides has been little studied compared to their o-glycoside analogues, which are both more common in nature and considered more easily hydrolyzed than c-glycosides, by both enterocytes and gut microbiota. in this study, we used vitexin-2-o-xyloside (vox), an apigenin-8-c-glucoside-2-o-xyloside, purified from seeds of swiss chard (beta vulgaris cicla), to investigate vox absorption into portal blood compared to its aglycone, apigenin. we used a ra ...201323824306
lox-dependent gene expression in transgenic plants obtained via agrobacterium-mediated transformation.lox sites of the cre/lox recombination system from bacteriophage p1 were analyzed for their ability to affect on transgene expression when inserted upstream from a gene coding sequence adjacent to the right border (rb) of t-dna. wild and mutated types of lox sites were tested for their effect upon bar gene expression in plants obtained via agrobacterium-mediated and biolistic transformation methods. lox-mediated expression of bar gene, recognized by resistance of transgenic plants to ppt, occurr ...201323821951
proteomic analysis of salt tolerance in sugar beet monosomic addition line m14.understanding the mechanisms of plant salinity tolerance can facilitate plant engineering for enhanced salt stress tolerance. sugar beet monosomic addition line m14 obtained from the intercross between beta vulgaris l. and beta corolliflora zoss exhibits tolerance to salt stress. here we report the salt-responsive characteristics of the m14 plants under 0, 200, and 400 mm nacl conditions using quantitative proteomics approaches. proteins from control and the salt treated m14 plants were separate ...201323799291
identification of the predominant nonrestoring allele for owen-type cytoplasmic male sterility in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.): development of molecular markers for the maintainer genotype.hybrid seed production in sugar beet relies on cytoplasmic male sterility (cms). as time-consuming and laborious test crosses with a cms tester are necessary to identify maintainer lines, development of a marker-assisted selection method for the rf gene (the nonrestoring allele of restorer-of-fertility locus) is highly desirable for sugar-beet breeding. to develop such a method, we investigated genetic variation at the rf1 locus, one of two rf loci known in sugar beet. after hindiii-digestion, g ...201323794939
mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and a lixiviation of sugar beet pulp: optimisation of the semi-continuous process.this study examine the effect of an increased organic loading rate on the efficiency of the stirred tank reactor treating sewage sludge and sugar beet pellets and to report on its steady-state performance. the digester was subjected to a program of steady-state operation over a range of hydraulic retention times (hrts) of 30 to 6 days and organic loading rates (olrs) of up to 1.7 kgcod/m(3)d to evaluate its treatment capacity. the cod removal efficiency was found to be 84.23% cod in the digester ...201323792635
chenopodolin: a phytotoxic unrearranged ent-pimaradiene diterpene produced by phoma chenopodicola, a fungal pathogen for chenopodium album biocontrol.a new phytotoxic unrearranged ent-pimaradiene diterpene, named chenopodolin, was isolated from the liquid culture of phoma chenopodicola, a fungal pathogen proposed for the biological control of chenopodium album, a common worldwide weed of arable crops such as sugar beet and maize. the structure of chenopodolin was established by spectroscopic, x-ray, and chemical methods as (1s,2s,3s,4s,5s,9r,10s,12s,13s)-1,12-acetoxy-2,3-hydroxy-6-oxopimara-7(8),15-dien-18-oic acid 2,18-lactone. at a concentr ...201323786488
analyzing blends of herbivore-induced volatile organic compounds with factor analysis: revisiting "cotton plant, gossypium hirsutum l., defense in response to nitrogen fertilization".many herbivorous, predaceous, and parasitic insects use constitutive and herbivore-induced volatile organic compounds (vocs) to locate their respective host plant, prey, and hosts. multivariate statistical tools (e.g., factor analysis) are recognized increasingly as an appropriate approach for analyzing intercorrelated data such as presence/absence or quantities of vocs. one challenge of implementing factor analysis is determining how many new variables (factors) to retain in the final analysis. ...201323786100
application of a frequency distribution method for determining instars of the beet armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) from widths of cast head capsules.instar determination of field-collected insect larvae has generally been based on the analysis of head capsule width frequency distributions or bivariate plotting, but few studies have tested the validity of such methods. we used head capsules from exuviae of known instars of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), to determine the larval instars with the frequency distribution method and dyar's rule. head capsule widths of s. exigua ranged from 0.313 to 1.446 mm. ...201323786067
δ 18o of ethanol in wine and spirits for authentication purposes.since 1986 the european union has established official isotopic analysis methods for detecting the illegal addition of sugar and water to wine and to enable geographical traceability. in this paper we investigate the possibility of using analysis of the 18o/16o stable isotope ratio (expressed as δ 18o) of ethanol to improve detection of the watering of wine and to determine the origin of ethanol. sixty-nine authentic wine samples from all over italy, 59 spirits from fruit and cereals, 5 chemical ...201323772705
identification and functional characterization of sex pheromone receptors in beet armyworm spodoptera exigua (hübner).in moths, males can detect a distinct blend of several pheromone components by specialized olfactory receptor neurons (orns) on the antennae. four candidate pheromone receptors (pr) with seven transmembrane domains were identified by homology cloning from the antennae of spodoptera exigua (sexi). phylogenetic analyses reveal that all four odorant receptors (or) belong to pheromone receptor subtypes. expression patterns revealed that prs were male-specific in the antenna except for sexior11, whic ...201323751753
nutritional and functional potential of beta vulgaris cicla and rubra.swiss chard (beta vulgaris cicla, bvc) and beetroot (beta vulgaris rubra, bvr) are vegetables of the chenopodiaceae family, widely consumed in traditional western cooking. these vegetables represent a highly renewable and cheap source of nutrients. they can be cultivated in soils with scarce organic material and little light and water. bvc and bvr have a long history of use in folk medicine. modern pharmacology shows that bvc extracts possess antihypertensive and hypoglycaemic activity as well a ...201323751216
foliar persistence and residual activity of methoxyfenozide against beet armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae).a greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the persistence of methoxyfenozide in pepper (capsicum annuum l.) foliage. an aqueous suspension of methoxyfenozide was sprayed on pepper plants at concentrations of 72 and 144 mg of active ingredient (a.i.)/l. foliage was collected at different intervals of time (0, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 days) after the treatment, and the methoxyfenozide residue was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. the foliage was also used in bioassays t ...201323956070
rna interference of glycerol biosynthesis suppresses rapid cold hardening of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua.the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, is a freeze-susceptible species that overwinters in temperate zones without diapause. a rapid cold hardening (rch) and supercooling capacity usually play crucial roles in survival during the overwintering period. this study identified a cryoprotectant as a rch factor of s. exigua. pre-exposure of s. exigua larvae to 4°c significantly increased survival at -10°c in all developmental stages from egg to adult. rch was dependent on the duration of the pre-exposu ...201323948473
changes in feed intake, nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites, and oxidative stress parameters in dairy cows with subacute ruminal acidosis and its regulation with pelleted beet pulp.the objectives of this study were to 1) determine the variation of nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites and oxidative stress parameters triggered by induced subacute ruminal acidosis (sara); and 2) evaluate the ability of pelleted beet pulp (bp) as a replacement for ground corn to alleviate sara. eight holstein-friesian cows were fed four diets during four successive17-day periods: 1) total mixed ration (tmr) containing 0% finely ground wheat (fgw) (w0); 2) tmr containing 10% fgw (w10); 3) tmr ...201323947764
occurrence of deoxynivalenol in wheat in slovakia during 2010 and 2011.in this study, a total of 299 grain samples of wheat were collected from four production regions: the maize, sugar beet, potato and feed sectors of slovakia. the samples were analyzed for deoxynivalenol (don) content by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ridascreen® fast don. analysis of variance revealed a significant difference between years in don contents (p < 0.027). the occurrence of samples with don was 82.2% in 2010, with maximum don content of 7.88 mg kg⁻¹, and 70.7% in 2011, wi ...201323917334
effect of supplementation on the performance of grazing belgian blue double-muscled heifers.six experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of a feed supplement on the performance of grazing belgian blue double-muscled (bbdm) heifers with an initial weight and age of 195 ± 43 kg and 190 ± 52 days. treatments included were: exp. 1: supplementation with beet pulp (bp): 2 kg/day per head v. ad libitum intake; exp. 2: supplementation ad libitum with bp v. a mixture of bp and soybean meal (sbm; bp/sbm ratio of 80/20; fw (fresh weight) basis); exp. 3: supplementation with 4 kg/day p ...201323915459
[role of polyteny and chromosome-membrane interactions in plant genetic processes].existing data in the literature on polyteny in plants and in eukaryotes in general, data on the structure of interphase chromosomes and their association with the nuclear membrane are analyzed in the paper. in light of these data, the results of our studies on the ratios of phenotypic classes of marker enzymes in agamospermy (apomictic) progeny of sugar beet are considered. the given data allow to state that chromosome polyteny and their association with nuclear membrane provide not only heredit ...201325508657
[role of polyteny and chromosome-membrane interactions in plant genetic processes].existing data in the literature on polyteny in plants and in eukaryotes in general, data on the structure of interphase chromosomes and their association with the nuclear membrane are analyzed in the paper. in light of these data, the results of our studies on the ratios of phenotypic classes of marker enzymes in agamospermy (apomictic) progeny of sugar beet are considered. the given data allow to state that chromosome polyteny and their association with nuclear membrane provide not only heredit ...201325474878
prediction of cadmium concentration in selected home-produced vegetables.soil contaminated with cadmium presents a potential hazard for humans, animals and plants. the latter play a major role in the transfer of cadmium to the food chain. the uptake of cadmium and its accumulation by plants is dependent on various soil, plants and environmental factors. in order to identify soil properties with statistically significant influence on cadmium concentration in vegetables and to reduce the collection of data, time and costs, regression models can be applied. the main obj ...201323886800
insecticide resistance status of field populations of spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) from china.beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner), is a serious pest of vegetables in china, and its control is heavily dependent on chemical insecticides. the current resistance status of nine insecticides was investigated in 16 field populations collected from seven provinces of china during 2009-2012. compared with the susceptible strain wh-s, some field populations evolved various levels of resistance to eight of the nine insecticides tested: emamectin benzoate (4- to 348-fold), indoxacarb (2- to 41 ...201324020303
lethal and sublethal effects of spinosad on spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae).as a selective biological insecticide, spinosad has been used widely for the control of pests including beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). to form effective pest control strategies, lethal and sublethal effects should be considered for a complete analysis of spinosad impact. however, few studies have been reported to investigate sublethal effects of spinosad on s. exigua. this study attempts to evaluate the lethal and sublethal effects of spinosad on this pest by ...201324020299
effects of biomass types and carbonization conditions on the chemical characteristics of hydrochars.effects of biomass types (bark mulch versus sugar beet pulp) and carbonization processing conditions (temperature, residence time, and phase of reaction medium) on the chemical characteristics of hydrochars were examined by elemental analysis, solid-state ¹³c nmr, and chemical and biochemical oxygen demand measurements. bark hydrochars were more aromatic than sugar beet hydrochars produced under the same processing conditions. the presence of lignin in bark led to a much lower biochemical oxygen ...201324004410
effects of high fiber intake during late pregnancy on sow physiology, colostrum production, and piglet performance.dietary fiber given during pregnancy may influence sow endocrinology and increase piglet bw gain during early lactation. the aim of the current study was to determine whether dietary fiber given to sows during late pregnancy induces endocrine changes that could modulate sow colostrum production and, thus, piglet performance. from d 106 of pregnancy until parturition, 29 landrace×large white nulliparous sows were fed gestation diets containing 23.4 [high fiber (hf); n=15] or 13.3% total dietary f ...201323989876
expression of soybean lectin in transgenic tobacco results in enhanced resistance to pathogens and pests.lectins are proteins of non-immune origin that specifically interact with carbohydrates, known to play important roles in the defense system of plants. in this study, in order to study the function of a new soybean lectin (sbl), the corresponding encoding gene lec-s was introduced into tobacco plants via agrobacterium-mediated transformation. southern blot analyses had revealed that the lec-s gene was stable integrated into the chromosome of the tobacco. the results of the reverse transcription ...201323987807
extraction, characterization and spontaneous emulsifying properties of pectin from sugar beet pulp.the effects of organic acid extractants on the yield and characteristics of pectin from sugar beet pulp were investigated with citric acid, malic acid and lactic acid at different ph (1.5 and 2.0) and time (1 h and 2 h). the results demonstrated that the yields of pectins were directly correlated with the decrease of ph and reaction time, and the optimum yield of 17.2% was obtained at ph 1.5 and 2 h. furthermore, the acid type also affected the physicochemical characteristics of pectin, especial ...201323987408
phase separation induced molecular fractionation of gum arabic--sugar beet pectin systems.this paper investigates the phase separation and phase separation-induced fractionation of gum arabic (ga)/sugar beet pectin (sbp) mixed solutions. a phase diagram, including cloud and binodal curves, was established by visual observation and phase composition analysis. the deviation of the binodal curve from the cloud curve was a result of phase separation-induced fractionation of polydisperse ga and sbp molecules. fractionation of ga increased the content of arabinogalactan-protein complex (ag ...201323987401
influence of layer thickness and composition of cross-linked multilayered oil-in-water emulsions on the release behavior of lutein.multilayering and enzymatic cross-linking of emulsions may cause alterations in the release behavior of encapsulated core material due to changes in thickness, porosity and permeability of the membrane. an interfacial engineering technology based on the layer-by-layer electrostatic deposition of oppositively charged biopolymers onto the surfaces of emulsion droplets in combination with an enzymatic treatment was used to generate emulsions with different droplet interfaces to test this hypothesis ...201323978837
effects of 8 weeks of xpand® 2x pre workout supplementation on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, lean body mass, and strength in resistance trained males.xpand® 2x is a proprietary blend comprised of branched chain amino acids, creatine monohydrate, beta-alanine (carnosyn®), quercetin, coenzymated b-vitamins, alanyl-glutamine (sustamine®), and natural nitrate sources from pomegranate and beet root extracts purported to enhance the neuromuscular adaptations of resistance training. however to date, no long-term studies have been conducted with this supplement. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a multi-ingredient performanc ...201324107586
quantification of exchangeable and non-exchangeable organically bound tritium (obt) in vegetation.the objective of this study is to quantify the relative amounts of exchangeable organically bound tritium (obt) and non-exchangeable obt in various vegetables. a garden plot at perch lake, where tritium levels are slightly elevated due to releases of tritium from a nearby nuclear waste management area and chalk river laboratories (crl) operations, was used to cultivate a variety of vegetables. five different kinds of vegetables (lettuce, cabbage, tomato, radish and beet) were studied. exchangeab ...201323220540
identification of differentially methylated regions during vernalization revealed a role for rna methyltransferases in bolting.sugar beet (beta vulgaris altissima) is a biennial root crop with an absolute requirement for cold exposure to bolt and flower, a process called vernalization. global dna methylation variations have been reported during vernalization in several plants. however, few genes targeted by dna methylation during vernalization have been described. the objectives of this study were to identify differentially methylated regions and to study their involvement in bolting induction and tolerance. restriction ...201323307918
evolutionary aspects of a unique internal mitochondrial targeting signal in nuclear-migrated rps19 of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.).the endosymbiotic theory postulates that many genes migrated from endosymbionts to the nuclear genomes of their hosts. some migrated genes lack presequences directing proteins to mitochondria, and their mitochondrial targeting signals appear to be inscribed in the core coding regions as internal targeting signals (itss). itss may have evolved after sequence transfer to nuclei or itss may have pre-existed before sequence transfer. here, we report the molecular cloning of a sugar beet gene for rib ...201323305819
sequence variation in two protein-coding genes correlates with mycelial compatibility groupings in sclerotium rolfsii.populations of sclerotium rolfsii, the causal organism of sclerotium root-rot on a wide range of hosts, can be placed into mycelial compatibility groups (mcgs). in this study, we evaluated three different molecular approaches to unequivocally identify each of 12 previously identified mcgs. these included restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) patterns of the internal transcribed spacer (its) region of nuclear ribosomal dna (rdna) and sequence analysis of two protein-coding genes: transl ...201323301814
impact of elevated co2 and elevated o3 on beta vulgaris l.: pigments, metabolites, antioxidants, growth and yield.the present study was conducted to assess morphological, biochemical and yield responses of palak (beta vulgaris l. cv allgreen) to ambient and elevated levels of co(2) and o(3), alone and in combination. as compared to the plants grown in charcoal filtered air (aco(2)), growth and yield of the plants increased under elevated co(2) (eco(2)) and decreased under combination of eco(2) with elevated o(3) (eco(2) + eo(3)), ambient o(3) (aco(2) + ao(3)) and elevated o(3) (eo(3)). lipid peroxidation, a ...201323291007
methemoglobinemia induced by vegetable intake in infants in northern spain.acquired methemoglobinemia (mhb) induced in infants by intake of vegetables is a condition uncommonly reported in the literature. the purpose of the present study was to study new vegetables involved and other epidemiological risk factors.201323287806
new species of hypoaspis canestrini and coleolaelaps berlese (mesostigmata: laelapidae) associated with polyphylla olivieri castelnau (coleoptera: scarabaeidae) in iran .white grubs, including polyphylla olivieri castelnau, are among the most economically important pests of orchard trees and other crops such as potato and sugar beet. the larvae feed on the roots of the host plants and their adults feed on the leaves. several types of organisms are parasitic or phoretic on this pest, including three species of mites from iran. two new species of mites, namely hypoaspis (hypoaspis) surii n. sp. and coleolaelaps massoumii n. sp. are described here from the adults o ...201325113362
[change of blood antioxidant capacity of experimental animals during nutritional correction under oxidative stress].the effect of nutritional correction (a diet high in foods with antioxidant content) on blood parameters in laboratory animals with metabolic disorders associated with oxidative stress has been studied. in experimental models of laboratory animals (male rabbits weighing 3.5-4.0 kg, n = 40) with purulent septic diseases it has been demonstrated that the use of nutritive correction (replacement of 100 g of the cereal mixture through day on a mixture of cabbage 50 g, carrots 50 g, beet 25 g, apple ...201324741961
yield of glyphosate-resistant sugar beets and efficiency of weed management systems with glyphosate and conventional herbicides under german and polish crop production.in sugar beet production, weed control is one of the most important and most expensive practices to ensure yield. since glyphosate-resistant sugar beets are not yet approved for cultivation in the eu, little commercial experience exists with these sugar beets in europe. experimental field trials were conducted at five environments (germany, poland, 2010, 2011) to compare the effects of glyphosate with the effects of conventional weed control programs on the development of weeds, weed control eff ...201323271374
comparison of non-agitated and agitated batch, thermophilic anaerobic digestion of sugarbeet tailings.sugar beet tailings were anaerobically digested at non-agitated and agitated conditions in identical thermophilic batch reactors. the average methane yield in the agitated digester was only 74% of that in the non-agitated digester. ninety percent of the ultimate methane yield was produced in approximately 5 days in the non-agitated digester whereas it took 12 days in agitated digester. even upon using an active inoculum from non-agitated digester the methane rate and yield was low in the agitate ...201323262019
oocyte maturation and embryo survival in nulliparous female pigs (gilts) is improved by feeding a lupin-based high-fibre diet.inclusion of high levels of the high-fibre ingredient sugar-beet pulp in pre-mating diets has been shown to increase gonadotrophin concentrations and improve oocyte quality in nulliparous pigs (gilts). this study evaluated the effects of two alternative fibre sources on reproductive performance in gilts. gilts received one of three diets from 3 weeks before puberty stimulation until day 19 of the first oestrous cycle: control (39 g kg⁻¹ fibre), bran (500 g kg⁻¹ wheat bran, 65 g kg⁻¹ fibre) or lu ...201323257568
effects of nitrogen underfeeding and energy source on nitrogen ruminal metabolism, digestion, and nitrogen partitioning in dairy cows.this work aimed to investigate the effects of 2 levels of n (low or high) and 2 energy sources (starch or fiber) on n partitioning, n ruminal metabolism, and digestion in dairy cows. four holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 latin square design. the 4 cows (on average, 662 ± 62 kg and at 71 ± 10 d in milk at the beginning of the experiment) were fitted with rumen, proximal duodenum, and terminal ileum cannula. the cows received 4 diets having the same forage proportion on a dm basis. the high leve ...201323230103
genetic diversity and host range studies of turnip curly top virus.turnip curly top virus (tctv) is a unique geminivirus that has recently been characterised as infecting turnips in iran. the genome of tctv shares <68 % pairwise identity with other geminiviruses and has a genome organisation similar to that of curtoviruses and topocuvirus. the replication-associated protein (rep) bears the highest similarity to curtovirus reps (48.5-69.0 %); however, in the case of the capsid protein (cp), the extent of similarity is only 39.5-44.5 %. we constructed an agroinfe ...201323225113
optimization of continuous hydrogen production from co-fermenting molasses with liquid swine manure in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor.this study investigated and optimized the operational conditions for continuous hydrogen production from sugar beet molasses, co-fermented with liquid swine manure in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor. results indicated that ph, hrt and total solids content in the swine manure (ts) had significant impact on all the responses such as biogas production rate (bpr), hydrogen content (hc), hydrogen production rate (hpr), and hydrogen yield (hy), although the highest level of each response was ach ...201323567702
impact of pectin type on the storage stability of black currant (ribes nigrum l.) anthocyanins in pectic model solutions.the effects of different pectins on the stabilisation of black currant anthocyanins in viscous model solutions at ph 3.0 were investigated. for this purpose, low esterified amidated (am), low (lm) and high (hm) methoxylated citrus and apple pectins and a sugar beet pectin were added to a purified anthocyanin extract (acn-e) and to an extract containing anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin phenolics (pp-e). model systems were stored at 20±0.5°c in the dark. anthocyanin contents were monitored by hplc ...201323561223
influence of ph, metal chelator, free radical scavenger and interfacial characteristics on the oxidative stability of β-carotene in conjugated whey protein-pectin stabilised emulsion.the influence of whey protein isolate (wpi)-beet pectin conjugates formed by dry-heating on the oxidative stability of β-carotene in o/w emulsions was studied. it was mainly focused on the influence of ph, metal chelator, free radical scavenger and interfacial characteristics on the degradation of β-carotene in the emulsion stabilised by conjugate. the conjugate increased the oxidative stability of β-carotene in the emulsion as compared to their unconjugated mixture at ph 7.0. the desferoxamine ...201323561214
lc-qtof/ms metabolomic profiles in human plasma after a 5-week high dietary fiber intake.the objective was to investigate the alterations of plasma metabolome profiles to identify exposure and effect markers of dietary fiber intake. subjects (n = 25) aged 58.6 (1.1) years (mean and sd) with a body mass index of 26.6 (0.5) kg/m(2) were given a high fiber (hf) and a low fiber (lf) diet, in a 5-week randomized controlled crossover intervention. the hf diet consisted of oat bran, rye bran, and sugar beet fiber incorporated into test food products, whereas the lf diet was made of equival ...201323535740
ecotilling in beta vulgaris reveals polymorphisms in the flc-like gene bvfl1 that are associated with annuality and winter hardiness.sugar beet (beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris l.) is an important crop for sugar and biomass production in temperate climate regions. currently sugar beets are sown in spring and harvested in autumn. autumn-sown sugar beets that are grown for a full year have been regarded as a cropping system to increase the productivity of sugar beet cultivation. however, for the development of these "winter beets" sufficient winter hardiness and a system for bolting control is needed. both require a thorough unders ...201323531083
changes induced by zinc toxicity in the 2-de protein profile of sugar beet roots.changes induced by three levels of zn toxicity in the root proteome from beta vulgaris were studied by two dimensional gel electrophoresis. 320 spots were consistently detected and 5, 5 and 11% of them showed significant changes in relative abundance as a result of the 50, 100 and 300μm zn treatments, respectively, when compared to controls (1.2μm zn). forty-four spots had consistent changes between all treatments, and 93% were identified. at low and mild zn excess, the complex i of the mitochon ...201324056184
influence of psyllium, sugar beet fibre and water on gluten-free dough properties and bread quality.celiac patients generally have a low intake of protein and fibre attributed to their gluten-free (gf) diet. to satisfy the increasing demand for healthier products, this research focused on the effects of the supplementation of psyllium (p) and sugar beet fibre (sb) on the mixing and leavening behaviour of gluten-free doughs. four doughs, having different consistencies that made them suitable to be poured into moulds or to be shaped, and their corresponding breads were evaluated. the results obt ...201324053854
genomic selection in sugar beet breeding populations.genomic selection exploits dense genome-wide marker data to predict breeding values. in this study we used a large sugar beet population of 924 lines representing different germplasm types present in breeding populations: unselected segregating families and diverse lines from more advanced stages of selection. all lines have been intensively phenotyped in multi-location field trials for six agronomically important traits and genotyped with 677 snp markers.201324047500
economic feasibility of the sugar beet-to-ethylene value chain.as part of a long-term strategy toward renewable feedstock, a feasibility study into options for the production of bioethylene by integrating the sugar beet-to-ethanol-to-ethylene value chain. seven business cases were studied and tested for actual economic feasibility of alternative sugar-to-ethanol-to-ethylene routes in comparison to fossil-fuel alternatives. an elaborate model was developed to assess the relevant operational and financial aspects of each business case. the calculations indica ...201324039080
expert pathology review and endoscopic mucosal resection alters the diagnosis of patients referred to undergo therapy for barrett's esophagus.endoscopic therapy has emerged as an alternative to surgical esophagectomy for the management of barrett's esophagus (be)-associated neoplasia. accurate pretreatment staging is essential to ensure an appropriate choice of therapy and optimal long-term outcomes. this study aimed to assess the frequency with which expert histopathologic review of biopsies combined with endoscopic mucosal resection (emr) would alter the pretreatment diagnosis of be-associated neoplasia.201323389078
thermal stability of selected natural red extracts used as food colorants.the color degradation of aqueous solutions of six natural red pigment extracts (elderberry, red cabbage, hibiscus, red beet, opuntia fruits and red cochineal) used commercially as food colorants was investigated at temperatures between 50 and 90 °c. color degradation was studied in respect to both spectral properties and visual color. the remaining absorbance at 535 nm as a function of the incubation time and temperature was used to quantify the degradation process. red cochineal was the most th ...201323378056
insights into the insect salivary gland proteome: diet-associated changes in caterpillar labial salivary proteins.the primary function of salivary glands is fluid and protein secretion during feeding. compared to mammalian systems, little is known about salivary protein secretion processes and the effect of diet on the salivary proteome in insect models. therefore, the effect of diet nutritional quality on caterpillar labial salivary gland proteins was investigated using an unbiased global proteomic approach by nanolc/esi/tandem ms. caterpillars of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hübner, were fed one o ...201323353727
improved sugar beet pectin-stabilized emulsions through complexation with sodium caseinate.the study investigates the complexes formed between sodium caseinate (sc) and sugar beet pectin (sbp) and to harness them to stabilize sbp emulsions. we find that both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions are involved in the complexation. in sc/sbp mixed solution, soluble sc/sbp complexes first form on acidification and then aggregate into insoluble complexes, which disassociate into soluble polymers upon further decreasing ph. the critical ph's for the formation of soluble and insoluble c ...201323339540
distinct actions by paenibacillus sp. strain e18 α-l-arabinofuranosidases and xylanase in xylan degradation.we cloned a paenibacillus sp. strain e18 5.3-kb xylanolytic gene cluster that contains three open reading frames encoding two family 43 α-l-arabinofuranosidases (abf43a and abf43b) and one family 10 xylanase (xynbe18). the deduced amino acid sequences of abf43a and abf43b were at most 68% and 63% identical to those of two putative family 43 proteins from clostridium sp. strain dl-viii (ehi98634.1 and ehi98635.1), respectively, but were only 11% identical to each other. recombinant abf43a and abf ...201323335774
kinetics of remazol black b adsorption onto carbon prepared from sugar beet pulp.dried sugar beet pulp, an agricultural solid waste, was used for the production of carbon. carbonised beet pulp was tested in the adsorption of remazol black b dye, and adsorption studies with real textile wastewater were also performed. batch kinetic studies showed that an equilibrium time of 180 min was needed for the adsorption. the maximum dye adsorption capacity was obtained as 80.0 mg g(-1) at the temperature of 25 °c at ph = 1.0. the langmuir and freundlich adsorption models were used for ...201322945656
oral intake of beet extract provides protection against skin barrier impairment in hairless mice.the epidermis acts as a functional barrier against the external environment. disturbances in the function of this barrier cause water loss and increase the chances of penetration by various irritable stimuli, leading to skin diseases such as dry skin, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. ceramides are a critical natural element of the protective epidermal barrier. the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the oral intake of beet (beta vulgaris) extract, a natural product rich in glucosylceramid ...201322949397
the complete mitochondrial genome of the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepodiptera: noctuidae).the complete mitochondrial genome of the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepodiptera: noctuidae) was determined (genbank accession number jx316220). the genome is 15,365 bp long with 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes and an a+t-rich region. as in other sequenced mitochondrial genomes of lepidoptera, trnm was rearranged to the upstream of trni-trnq-trnm cluster compared with the pupative ancestral arrangement of insects. all protein-coding genes start with atn start codon except for ...201322954158
development of real-time pcr method for the detection and the quantification of a new endogenous reference gene in sugar beet "beta vulgaris l.": gmo application.key message : here, we describe a new developed quantitative real-time pcr method for the detection and quantification of a new specific endogenous reference gene used in gmo analysis. the key requirement of this study was the identification of a new reference gene used for the differentiation of the four genomic sections of the sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) (beta, corrollinae, nanae and procumbentes) suitable for quantification of genetically modified sugar beet. a specific qualitative polymera ...201323052591
effects of preservation conditions of canine feces on in vitro gas production kinetics and fermentation end products.this study investigated the effect of chilling and freezing (for 24 h) canine feces on in vitro gas production kinetics and fermentation end product profiles from carbohydrate-rich (in vitro run 1) and protein-rich (in vitro run 2) substrates. feces were collected from 3 adult retriever-type dogs fed a canned diet for at least 2 wk. each fecal sample was divided into 3 portions: 1 portion was used immediately as an inoculum (fresh) and the other 2 portions were used after either chilling to 5°c ...201323048150
characterization of sugar beet pectic-derived oligosaccharides obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis.three pectic oligosaccharides (pos) obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beet pectin by combining endopolygalacturonase and pectinmethylesterase, were characterized using high performance liquid chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction. according to chromatographic analyses, pos are composed of mixture of polymers with different molecular weights and different galacturonic acid contents. the ...201322986181
bred for europe but grown in america: the case of gm sugar beet.in 2007, a genetically modified herbicide tolerant (gmht) sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) tolerant against glyphosate, a commonly used broad spectrum herbicide, was commercialised in the usa and canada. the speed of uptake of gmht sugar beet by farmers has no precedent. while it took the hitherto most successful gm crop in the usa 15 years to reach an adoption rate of 95%, gmht sugar beet achieved this figure after only 2 years. this paper traces the history of gmht sugar beet which started at the ...201323207648
enzymatic saccharification of sugar beet pulp for the production of galacturonic acid and arabinose; a study on the impact of the formation of recalcitrant oligosaccharides.enzymatic saccharification of sugar beet pulp was optimized on kg-scale to release the maximum amounts of monomeric galacturonic acid and arabinose with limited concomitant degradation of cellulose, using conditions that are feasible for industrial upscaling. a selected mixture of pectinases released 79% of the galacturonic acid and 82% of the arabinose as monomers from sugar beet pulp while simultaneously degrading only 17% of the cellulose. the recalcitrant structures that were obtained after ...201323202377
traffic-related trace element fate and uptake by plants cultivated in roadside soils in toronto, canada.this research examines traffic-related trace element emissions and their uptake by plants grown in urban roadside environments in toronto, canada. oregano (origanum vulgare), beets (beta vulgaris) and eggplants (solanum melongena) were cultivated at four locations with variable traffic-related metal inputs in 2010. the top 30 cm of soil at the medium-traffic location was first replaced with a triple mix soil (topsoil, compost and peat) to control for pre-existing contamination. the same soil was ...201323178768
number of residual thermotolerant coliforms on plants and in soil when using reclaimed domestic wastewater for irrigation.the reclamation of domestic wastewater for irrigation is one alternative approach to solve the water scarcity crisis, but it is essential to control the microbiological quality of wastewater used for irrigation. the removal of thermotolerant coliforms, also known as faecal coliforms (fc), from treated domestic wastewater by intermittent media infiltration (imi) in column was studied. the columns were filled with natural filter media (soil, soil/charcoal and zinc-modified zeolite, zeo-zn), and wa ...201323168639
perception-production asymmetries in homophone spelling: the unique influence of aging.this research investigated three potential asymmetries in the production and perception of homophone spelling errors: aging, homophone dominance, and priming. a homophone spelling error occurs when a contextually appropriate word (beet) is replaced with its homophone (e.g., beat glaze). two experiments investigated young and older adults' written production and detection of these errors.201323161347
effects of increasing concentrations of glycerol in concentrate diets on nutrient digestibility, methane emissions, growth, fatty acid profiles, and carcass traits of lambs.two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing concentrations of glycerol in concentrate diets on total tract digestibility, methane (ch4) emissions, growth, fatty acid profiles, and carcass traits of lambs. in both experiments, the control diet contained 57% barley grain, 14.5% wheat dried distillers grain with solubles (wddgs), 13% sunflower hulls, 6.5% beet pulp, 6.3% alfalfa, and 3% mineral-vitamin mix. increasing concentrations (7, 14, and 21% dietary dm) of glycerol i ...201323148243
comparison of some aspects of the in situ and in vitro methods in evaluation of neutral detergent fiber digestion.the objective of the present study was to compare digestion rates (kd) of ndf for different feeds estimated with the in situ method or derived from an automated gas in vitro system. a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate how in situ derived kd of ndf related to in vivo digestibility of ndf. furthermore, in vitro true digestibility of the feed samples incubated within filter bags or dispersed in the medium was compared, and kd for insoluble and soluble components of those feeds were estimated. ...201323148239
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