Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (h) gene of canine distemper viruses isolated from wild masked palm civets (paguma larvata). | hemagglutinin (h) gene of two cdv isolates, the haku93 and haku00 strains, from masked palm civets was molecularly analyzed. h genes of both two cdvs contained one open reading frame encoding 607 amino acids. nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of h gene of the cdv haku93 and haku00 revealed high similarity to those of recent field isolates such as the yanaka and tanu96, while they showed limited identity to those of old vaccine strains. potential n-linked glycosylation sites in both h ... | 2004 | 15644610 |
| duration of serologic response to five viral antigens in dogs. | to determine whether vaccinated dogs either remained seropositive or responded serologically to revaccination for 5 key viral antigens after extended periods since their last vaccination. | 2004 | 14710876 |
| cetacean-reconstituted severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice respond to vaccination with canine distemper vaccine. | morbillivirus infections have been responsible for mass mortalities in several species of marine mammals. nevertheless, relatively little is known on the pathogenesis of the disease and the immune response to the agent, especially in cetaceans, hindering the treatment of individuals and the development of appropriate vaccines, given the difficulty of performing experimental work in marine mammals. the reconstitution of severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice, which do not have the ability to ... | 2004 | 14741136 |
| oral treatment of cowpox and vaccinia virus infections in mice with ether lipid esters of cidofovir. | four newly synthesized ether lipid esters of cidofovir (cdv), hexadecyloxypropyl-cdv (hdp-cdv), octadecyloxyethyl-cdv (ode-cdv), oleyloxypropyl-cdv (olp-cdv), and oleyloxyethyl-cdv (ole-cdv), were found to have enhanced activities against vaccinia virus (vv) and cowpox virus (cv) in vitro compared to those of cdv. the compounds were administered orally and were evaluated for their efficacies against lethal cv or vv infections in mice. hdp-cdv, ode-cdv, and ole-cdv were effective at preventing mo ... | 2004 | 14742188 |
| efficacy of oral active ether lipid analogs of cidofovir in a lethal mousepox model. | cidofovir (cdv) is a highly effective inhibitor of orthopoxvirus replication and may be used intravenously to treat smallpox or complications arising from the smallpox vaccine under an investigational new drug application (ind). however, cdv is absorbed poorly following oral administration and is inactive orally. to improve the bioavailability of cdv, others synthesized alkoxyalkanol esters of cdv and observed >100-fold more activity than unmodified cdv against cowpox, vaccinia, and variola viru ... | 2004 | 14972516 |
| canine distemper virus in a californian sea lion (zalophus californianus). | 2004 | 15068043 | |
| effective primary isolation of wild-type canine distemper virus in mdck, mv1 lu and vero cells without nucleotide sequence changes within the entire haemagglutinin protein gene and in subgenomic sections of the fusion and phospho protein genes. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is an important pathogen of many carnivores. we are developing a field-based model of morbillivirus virulence and pathogenesis through a study of distemper in naturally infected free-ranging raccoons. the isolation of cdv from raccoon tissues is essential for this work. cdv has often been isolated from animals only after co-cultivation of infected tissues with peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from specific pathogen-free dogs or similar methods. we explored ... | 2004 | 15081610 |
| comparison of one-step rt-pcr and a nested pcr for the detection of canine distemper virus in clinical samples. | to develop a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of canine distemper virus (cdv) by nested pcr using clinical specimens. | 2004 | 15088966 |
| search for morbillivirus proteins in multiple sclerosis brain tissue. | we investigated brain samples of patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) and controls with immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies (moabs) against canine distemper virus (cdv) and measles virus (mv) proteins. all stained negative except for moab f3-5, which recognises a conserved epitope on the fusion protein of morbilliviruses. f3-5 immunostaining was found in 8/9 ms plaques and 2/5 herpes simplex virus encephalitis brain samples, but not in six controls or four patients with ischaemic s ... | 2004 | 15106826 |
| antibody titres against canine distemper virus in vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs. | 2004 | 15107034 | |
| serum antibody titres to canine parvovirus, adenovirus and distemper virus in dogs in the uk which had not been vaccinated for at least three years. | antibody titres to canine distemper (cdv), canine parvovirus (cpv) and canine adenovirus (cav) were measured in 144 adult dogs that had not been vaccinated for between three and 15 years. protective antibodies to cpv were present in 95 per cent of the population, to cdv in 71.5 per cent and to cav in 82 per cent. the prevalence of protective titres did not decrease with increasing time interval from the last vaccination for any of the three diseases studied. booster vaccination increased the dog ... | 2004 | 15119729 |
| determination and phylogenetic analysis of canine distemper virus in dogs with nervous symptoms in turkey. | in the present study, canine distemper virus (cdv) was investigated in 20 dogs having nervous signs arousing the clinical suspicion of canine distemper (cd). a total of 13 animals (65%) were stray dogs and had no accurate record about the vaccination history. clinical examinations revealed that the majority (85%) of the animals showed systemic form characterised by predominantly nervous symptoms accompanied by mild respiratory system signs whilst the remaining cases (15%) recorded mainly respira ... | 2004 | 15119793 |
| exposure to feline and canine pathogens in bobcats and gray foxes in urban and rural zones of a national park in california. | exposure of bobcats (lynx rufus) and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) to a range of common canine and feline pathogens was assessed in urban and rural zones of golden gate national recreation area, a national park in the san francisco bay area, (california, usa) from 1992 to 1995. testing included serology for canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus (cpv), canine adenovirus, leptospira interrogans, feline calicivirus (fcv), feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus, feline enteric co ... | 2004 | 15137484 |
| serosurvey of viral infections in free-ranging namibian cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). | cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) in captivity have unusually high morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, a trait that could be an outcome of population homogeneity or the immunomodulating effects of chronic stress. free-ranging namibian cheetahs share ancestry with captive cheetahs, but their susceptibility to infectious diseases has not been investigated. the largest remaining population of free-ranging cheetahs resides on namibian farmlands, where they share habitat with domestic dogs an ... | 2004 | 15137485 |
| retrospective differentiation of canine distemper virus and phocine distemper virus in phocids. | formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from one caspian seal (phoca caspica), one harp seal (phoca groenlandica), one hooded seal (cystophora cristata), and one harbor seal (phoca vitulina vitulina) were used to compare the utility of immunohistochemistry (ihc) versus that of a novel seminested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) to detect and differentiate canine distemper virus (cdv) and phocine distemper virus (pdv). four antibodies made against pdv were able to detect ... | 2004 | 15137488 |
| canine distemper and related diseases: report of a severe outbreak in a kennel. | an outbreak of canine distemper in a kennel of german shepherds in the province of bari is reported. six 42-day-old pups developed typical signs of canine distemper (fever, conjunctivitis, respiratory distress and enteritis) and died within 7-10 days. neurological symptoms were observed only in one pup. four additional pups, which had shown no sign of illness, were separated and vaccinated, but two of these developed a severe, fatal nervous form 15 days later. post-mortem examination, carried ou ... | 2004 | 15164629 |
| cutaneous infections of mice with vaccinia or cowpox viruses and efficacy of cidofovir. | orthopoxviruses, including smallpox, monkeypox and molluscipox, pose risks to human health through bioterrorist acts or natural transmission. there is no approved therapy for orthopoxvirus infections; however, cidofovir (cdv) has been approved as an investigational new drug for emergency treatment of adverse effects following smallpox vaccination. for evaluation of new therapies directed against orthopoxvirus infections, we have utilized immunocompetent, hairless mice (skh-1) inoculated by a cut ... | 2004 | 15196818 |
| role of actin microfilaments in canine distemper virus replication in vero cells. | several studies have indicated that viruses require a specific cytoskeletal structure for replication in host cells. in this study, we examined the role of actin fiber in the replication of canine distemper virus (cdv), belonging to the morbillivirus genus of the family paramyxoviridae. for this purpose, we used two actin depolymerizing agents, cytochalasin-d (c-d) and mycalolide-b (ml-b). in vero cells, c-d disrupted actin fibers distributed in the cytosol, but peripheral actin fibers remained ... | 2004 | 15133271 |
| distemper virus as a cause of central nervous disease and death in badgers (meles meles) in denmark. | during the summer of 2002 a distemper-like disease was observed in the free-ranging badger population in denmark. it was characterised by grand seizures, abnormal behaviour and death; the badgers all had severe chronic pneumonia and some had non-suppurative encephalomyelitis. in this study, eight of the affected badgers were examined by gross pathological, histological, immunohistological, bacteriological, parasitological and virological methods, and were diagnosed with distemper; canine distemp ... | 2004 | 15134165 |
| canine distemper virus and measles virus fusion glycoprotein trimers: partial membrane-proximal ectodomain cleavage enhances function. | the trimeric fusion (f) glycoproteins of morbilliviruses are activated by furin cleavage of the precursor f(0) into the f(1) and f(2) subunits. here we show that an additional membrane-proximal cleavage occurs and modulates f protein function. we initially observed that the ectodomain of approximately one in three measles virus (mv) f proteins is cleaved proximal to the membrane. processing occurs after cleavage activation of the precursor f(0) into the f(1) and f(2) subunits, producing f(1a) an ... | 2004 | 15254162 |
| histopathology and immunohistochemistry of canine distemper virus-induced footpad hyperkeratosis (hard pad disease) in dogs with natural canine distemper. | hard pad disease represents an uncommon manifestation of canine distemper virus (cdv) infection with a still uncertain pathogenesis. to study the pathogenesis of this uncommon, virally induced cutaneous lesion, the footpads of 19 dogs with naturally occurring distemper were investigated for histologic changes and distribution pattern of cdv antigen. all dogs displayed clinical signs of distemper, which had lasted from 10 to 75 days. overt digital hyperkeratosis was observed in 12 animals (group ... | 2004 | 14715962 |
| speaking out. | 2003 | 12873020 | |
| mechanism of reduction of virus release and cell-cell fusion in persistent canine distemper virus infection. | canine distemper virus (cdv), a mobillivirus related to measles virus causes a chronic progressive demyelinating disease, associated with persistence of the virus in the central nervous system (cns). cns persistence of morbilliviruses has been associated with cell-to-cell spread, thereby limiting immune detection. the mechanism of cell-to-cell spread remains uncertain. in the present study we studied viral spread comparing a cytolytic (non-persistent) and a persistent cdv strain in cell cultures ... | 2003 | 12827396 |
| immunohistochemical analysis of two strains of lion (panthera leo)-adapted canine distemper virus in ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | canine distemper virus (cdv) caused epizootics in lions (panthera leo) in tanzania's serengeti national park in 1994 and in captive lions and other panthera spp. in the usa in 1991-1992. in this study, immunohistochemistry was used to compare viral distribution in tissues collected from ferrets (mustela putorius furo) inoculated with one of the two lion-derived cdv isolates, either from serengeti (a94-11/13) or from california (a92-27/20). the california isolate resulted in severe morbidity in a ... | 2003 | 12824519 |
| apoptosis in canine distemper. | canine distemper is a systemic viral disease characterized by immunosuppression followed by secondary infections. apoptosis is observed in several immunosuppressive diseases and its occurrence on canine distemper in vivo has not been published. in this study, the occurrence of apoptosis was determined in lymphoid tissues of thirteen naturally infected dogs and nine experimentally inoculated puppies. healthy dogs were used as negative controls. samples of lymph nodes, thymus, spleen and brain wer ... | 2003 | 12536301 |
| interaction of a synthetic peptide corresponding to the n-terminus of canine distemper virus fusion protein with phospholipid vesicles: a biophysical study. | the f protein of canine distemper virus (cdv) is a classic type i glycoprotein formed by two polypeptides, f1 and f2. the n-terminal regions of the f1 polypeptides of cdv, measles virus and other paramyxoviruses present moderate to high homology, supporting the existence of a high conservation within these structures, which emphasises its role in viral-host cell membrane fusion. this n-terminal polypeptide is usually termed the fusion peptide. the fusion peptides of most viral fusion-mediating g ... | 2003 | 14643933 |
| correction of a large animal model of type i glanzmann's thrombasthenia by nonmyeloablative bone marrow transplantation. | the purpose of this study was to determine if nonmyeloablative bone marrow transplantation would induce stable hematopoietic chimerism that would correct the bleeding diathesis associated with type i glanzmann's thrombasthenia (gt). | 2003 | 14662345 |
| [molecular-genetic comparison of morbilliviruses which caused epizooty in baikal (phoca siberica) and caspian (phoca caspica) seals]. | the nucleotide sequences were determined for a phosphoprotein gene fragment of canine distemper virus (cdv) by using the rt-pcr method with the subsequent sequencing of amplicons from total rna isolated from 2 samples of caspian seals, 15 samples of baikal seals and from samples of dog's and sea-lion's brains. the above materials were phylogenetically analyzed. the heterogeneity of the virus circulating in the baikal-seal population was demonstrated. morbillivirus, that caused epizooty in caspia ... | 2003 | 14664160 |
| unusual manifestation of hepatic encephalopathy in two irish wolfhound siblings. | in hepatic encephalopathy the brain lesions are usually characterised by polymicrocavitation, preferentially in the white matter, and the occurrence of alzheimer type ii cells. this paper describes an unusual manifestation of hepatic encephalopathy in two irish wolfhound siblings in which the white matter was not involved predominantly. both puppies had developed progressive neurological disturbances and signs of blindness. histologically, there were widespread spongiform changes in the neuropil ... | 2003 | 14682542 |
| changes in the receptorbinding haemagglutinin protein of wild-type morbilliviruses are not required for adaptation to vero cells. | we examined the consequences of isolation and adaptation to vero cells for the receptorbinding haemagglutinin (h) gene of four syncytia-forming isolates of canine distemper virus (cdv) and of a dolphin morbillivirus isolate. a vero-adapted cdv isolate exhibited biased hypermutation, since 11 out of 12 nucleotide differences to other isolates from the same epidemic were u-c transitions. most of these transitions appeared to have taken place during in vitro cultivation. previously, biased hypermut ... | 2003 | 14501193 |
| comparison of hsv-1 thymidine kinase-dependent and -independent inhibition of replication-competent adenoviral vectors by a panel of drugs. | replication-competent adenoviral vectors hold the promise to be more efficient gene delivery vehicles than their replication-deficient counterparts, but they are also associated with a higher risk for adverse effects, especially in light of the fact that there is no established effective therapy for serious, disseminated adenovirus infection. to assess whether the therapeutic options to inhibit adenoviral replication can be enhanced by expressing a suicide gene, we examined the antiadenoviral ef ... | 2003 | 14502232 |
| efficacy of multiple- or single-dose cidofovir against vaccinia and cowpox virus infections in mice. | orthopoxviruses, including variola and monkeypox, pose risks to human health through natural transmission or potential bioterrorist activities. since vaccination has not recently been utilized for control of these infections, there is renewed effort in the development of antiviral agents not only for postexposure smallpox therapy but also for treatment of adverse reactions following vaccination. the objectives of this study were to expand on the results of others that cidofovir (cdv) is effectiv ... | 2003 | 14506041 |
| molecular analysis of the np gene of italian cdv isolates. | 2003 | 14535429 | |
| another interpretation of ferret's reaction to vaccination. | 2003 | 14584736 | |
| detection of canine distemper virus antigen in canine serum and its application to diagnosis. | canine distemper virus (cdv) antigen was detected in the serum of dogs by an elisa and the results of this assay were compared with an anti-cdv immunoglobulin m (igm) antibody test. in paired sera from 26 naturally infected dogs, the antigen-positive rate was 26.9 per cent at the first examination and 11.5 per cent at the second examination two to three weeks later. the antigen was detected in three of the 10 dogs which were negative for anti-cdv igm antibody at the first examination. it could a ... | 2003 | 14601797 |
| a ferret model of canine distemper virus virulence and immunosuppression. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infects many carnivores, including ferrets and dogs, and is the member of the morbillivirus genus most easily amenable to experimentation in a homologous small-animal system. to gain insights into the determinants of cdv pathogenesis, we isolated a strain highly virulent for ferrets by repeated passaging in these animals. sequence comparison of the genome of this strain with that of its highly attenuated precursor revealed 19 mutations distributed almost evenly in th ... | 2003 | 14610181 |
| a pilot study of cidofovir in patients with kaposi sarcoma. | a clinical trial was conducted to test the activity of cidofovir (cdv), a drug with in vitro activity against kaposi sarcoma (ks)-associated herpesvirus (kshv), in ks. five patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated ks (4 receiving antiretroviral therapy) and 2 patients with classical ks were administered cdv (5 mg/kg/dose) weekly for 2 weeks and then every other week. all 7 patients had progression of their ks at a median of 8.1 weeks (range, 5-27 weeks). skin biopsy specimens of ks ... | 2003 | 12508160 |
| canine distemper of vaccine origin in european mink, mustela lutreola--a case report. | cases of canine distemper (cd) related to vaccination of exotic carnivores extend over three decades and have been described in at least nine different species. our report describes a case of acute cd in a european mink, mustela lutreola, vaccinated with live attenuated cd vaccine licensed for use in fur-farmed mink. the male mink died of an acute grey matter disease with an unusually long incubation period. a female vaccinated at the same time showed no obvious signs of illness. the diagnosis w ... | 2003 | 12523990 |
| vaccination of puppies with a lipid-formulated plasmid vaccine protects against a severe canine distemper virus challenge. | we assessed whether the formulation of a dna vaccine expressing the canine distemper virus (cdv) hemagglutinin (ha) and fusion (f) immunogens with the cationic lipid dmrie-dope could induce serological responses and protection against a severe cdv challenge in the dog. although clear protection was observed in dogs vaccinated with formulated plasmids only limited cdv specific antibody titers were observed in protected dogs before challenge, suggesting that protection could be explained by cell-m ... | 2003 | 12559786 |
| cytotoxic t-lymphocyte activity specific for hemagglutinin (h) protein of canine distemper virus in dogs. | cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) responses to hemagglutinin (h) protein of canine distemper virus (cdv) were evaluated in dogs using the replication-deficient adenovirus protein expression system. skin fibroblasts were isolated from two dogs and were infected with recombinant adenovirus bearing the cdv-h gene (ade-cdvh). ctl assay was performed using fibroblasts expressing cdv-h protein as target cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) collected from the same dogs one week after immunization of ... | 2003 | 12576714 |
| increased antiviral activity of 1-o-hexadecyloxypropyl-[2-(14)c]cidofovir in mrc-5 human lung fibroblasts is explained by unique cellular uptake and metabolism. | recently, there has been renewed interest in finding orally active drugs against smallpox. cidofovir (cdv) given by parenteral injection has been shown to protect against lethal poxvirus infection. we have been interested in the synthesis and evaluation of orally active derivatives of cdv. previous studies showed that the cdv and cyclic cidofovir (ccdv) analogs 1-o-hexa-decyloxypropyl-cdv (hdp-cdv) and 1-o-hexadecyloxypropyl-ccdv (hdp-ccdv), show >100-fold increases in antiviral activity versus ... | 2003 | 12606777 |
| canine distemper virus in river otters in british columbia as an emergent risk for coastal pinnipeds. | 2003 | 12625539 | |
| supplementation of food with enterococcus faecium (sf68) stimulates immune functions in young dogs. | the gut microflora play a crucial role in several physiologic functions of the host, including maturation of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues during the first months of life. oral administration of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (lab) modulates the immune system of humans and some laboratory animals. this effect has never been examined in dogs; therefore, our aim was to study the capacity of a probiotic lab to stimulate immune functions in young dogs. puppies were allotted to two groups recei ... | 2003 | 12672936 |
| a canine distemper outbreak in alaska: diagnosis and strain characterization using sequence analysis. | vaccination with modified-live vaccines has been very effective in reducing the incidence of canine distemper, a disease that can be devastating in unvaccinated populations. a diagnostic submission to the animal health diagnostic laboratory at michigan state university, east lansing, michigan, involved a case in which several hundred dogs in an alaskan town died in a suspected canine distemper outbreak. cytoplasmic and intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies, consistent with canine distemper ... | 2003 | 12735343 |
| determination of antiviral efficacy against lymphotropic herpesviruses utilizing flow cytometry. | epstein-barr virus (ebv), human herpesvirus type 6 (hhv-6), and human herpesvirus type 8 (hhv-8) comprise a group of lymphotropic herpesviruses which are responsible for a wide range of diseases, including lymphoproliferative disorders and tumors. we have developed several flow cytometric assay (facs) systems to evaluate antiviral efficacy against ebv, hhv-6 and hhv-8. assays using either ebv or hhv-8, members of the gammaherpesvirus subfamily, have shown that while ebv responds well to acyclovi ... | 2003 | 12742575 |
| [canine distemper virus--an agent looking for new hosts]. | canine distemper is caused by the canine distemper virus (cdv), a rna virus belonging to the genus morbillivirus of the family paramyxoviridae. the genus morbillivirus includes measles virus, rinderpest virus and peste-des-petits-ruminants virus. the host spectrum of cdv, which includes numerous families of carnivores, has been changed in the last years and distemper-like diseases have been observed in numerous other species. these include epidemics in large felids, marine mammals and javelinas. ... | 2003 | 12756952 |
| evaluation of a dot elisa kit for measuring immunoglobulin m antibodies to canine parvovirus and distemper virus. | a dot elisa for the detection of immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies to canine distemper virus (cdc) and canine parvovirus (cpv) was assessed. the titres of igm antibodies to cdv and cpv in 100 dogs were measured by the immunocomb elisa kit and compared with the results derived from the immunofluorescence assay (ifa). there was a strong correlation between the results of the dot elisa technique and the ifa (p < 0.001). the dot elisa kit was also used to assess the changes in the levels of immunogl ... | 2003 | 12762487 |
| serologic survey for antibodies to canine distemper virus in collared peccary (tayassu tajacu) populations in arizona. | in 1989, a disease outbreak was observed among collared peccaries (javelina, tayassu tajacu) in southern arizona (usa) and canine distemper virus (cdv) was isolated from affected animals. subsequently, 364 sera were collected from hunter-harvested javelina over a 4 yr period (1993-96) and were tested for antibody to cdv. neutralizing antibody to cdv was detected in 58% of the serum samples suggesting that cdv infection is probably enzootic in the collared peccary populations of southern arizona. | 2003 | 12685087 |
| broad spectrum anti-rna virus activities of titanium and vanadium substituted polyoxotungstates. | seven polyoxotungstates substituted with vanadium or titanium atoms were examined for their activity against flaviviridae (dengue fever virus, dfv), orthomyxoviridae (influenza virus type a, fluv-a), paramyxoviridae (respiratory syncytial virus, rsv, parainfluenza virus type 2, pfluv-2 and canine distemper virus, cdv) and lentiviridae (human immunodeficiency virus type 1, hiv-1) families. among the seven polyoxotungstates examined, pm-43 [k(5)[sivw(11)o(40)]], pm-47 [k(7)[bvw(11)o(40)]], and pm- ... | 2003 | 12767474 |
| drug resistance patterns of recombinant herpes simplex virus dna polymerase mutants generated with a set of overlapping cosmids and plasmids. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) dna polymerase (pol) mutations can confer resistance to all currently available antiherpetic drugs. however, discrimination between mutations responsible for drug resistance and those that are part of viral polymorphism can be difficult with current methodologies. a new system is reported for rapid generation of recombinant hsv type 1 (hsv-1) dna pol mutants based on transfection of a set of overlapping viral cosmids and plasmids. with this approach, twenty hsv-1 recom ... | 2003 | 12829822 |
| mollusks as a natural reservoir of morbilliviruses. | 2003 | 12854417 | |
| apoptosis in the cerebellum of dogs with distemper. | canine distemper virus (cdv) may induce multifocal demyelination in the central nervous system of infected dogs. the pathogenesis of this process is not clear. the present work identifies the presence of apoptotic cells in white and grey matter of dogs'cerebellum, naturally infected with cdv. fifteen dogs with clinical signs of canine distemper that tested positive for cdv nucleoprotein were used. brain specimens were processed and embedded in paraffin. sections 5 microm thick were stained with ... | 2003 | 12864896 |
| canine distemper, a re-emerging morbillivirus with complex neuropathogenic mechanisms. | paramyxoviruses are responsible for a wide variety of diseases both in humans and in animals. common to many paramyxoviruses is the fact that they can cause neurological symptoms in their final host. newly discovered paramyxoviruses, such as the hendra and nipah viruses, show the same pattern of pathogenesis as that of the paramyxoviruses already known. canine distemper virus (cdv) is a well-studied member of the genus morbillivirus. study of the neuropathogenesis of cdv might give insight into ... | 2003 | 12885204 |
| sequence analysis of the fragment of the phosphoprotein gene of polish distemper virus isolates. | the nucleotide sequence analysis of the 429 bp fragment of the p gene of 11 polish field isolates of canine distemper virus (cdv), reference strains and other virus isolates available in the genbank was the aim of the studies. high homology between all dog strains from east-southern region of poland and reference strains of cdv was demonstrated. it was estimated as 97-100 % for cdv-ond; 96.7-99.8 % for cdv-rock; 96.7-99.8 % for cdv-led and 96.3-97.9 % for a75-17. the 100 % homology of the nucleo ... | 2003 | 12898335 |
| serologic survey for diseases in free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) from two ecologically distinct areas of utah. | the influence of habitat and associated prey assemblages on the prevalence of canine diseases in coyotes (canis latrans) has received scant attention. from december 1997 through december 1999, we captured 67 coyotes in two ecologically distinct areas of utah (usa): deseret land and livestock ranch and us army dugway proving ground. these areas differ in habitat and prey base. we collected blood samples and tested for evidence of various canine diseases. prevalence of antibodies against canine pa ... | 2003 | 12910777 |
| histidine at position 61 and its adjacent amino acid residues are critical for the ability of slam (cd150) to act as a cellular receptor for measles virus. | signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (slam, also known as cd150), a membrane glycoprotein involved in lymphocyte activation, has two extracellular immunoglobulin superfamily domains, v and c2. it has been shown previously that human slam is a cellular receptor for measles virus (mv) and that its v domain is necessary and sufficient for receptor function. although mouse slam has functional and structural similarity to human slam, it hardly acts as a receptor for mv. by producing human/mouse ... | 2003 | 12917459 |
| evaluation of nucleoside phosphonates and their analogs and prodrugs for inhibition of orthopoxvirus replication. | in the event of a bioterrorism attack using smallpox virus, there currently is no approved drug for the treatment of infections with this virus. we have reported previously that (s)-1-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine (hpmpc) (also known as cidofovir [cdv]) has good activity against poxvirus infections; however, a major limitation is the requirement for intravenous administration. two related acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (anps), adefovir (pmea) and tenofovir (pmpa), are active ag ... | 2003 | 12821467 |
| esterification of cidofovir with alkoxyalkanols increases oral bioavailability and diminishes drug accumulation in kidney. | smallpox was eradicated by vaccination in the 1970s. however, concerns have arisen about the potential use of variola virus as a biological weapon. most of the world's population has little residual immunity because systematic vaccination against smallpox ceased in the early 1970s. vaccination of key elements of the population against smallpox is again being considered. however, there are now large numbers of persons who cannot be safely vaccinated with the current vaccine because of aids, immun ... | 2003 | 12927306 |
| efficient isolation of wild strains of canine distemper virus in vero cells expressing canine slam (cd150) and their adaptability to marmoset b95a cells. | we have previously shown that canine signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (slam; also known as cd150) acts as a cellular receptor for canine distemper virus (cdv). in this study, we established vero cells stably expressing canine slam (vero.dogslamtag cells). viruses were isolated in vero.dogslamtag cells one day after inoculation with spleen samples from five out of seven dogs with distemper. by contrast, virus isolation with reportedly sensitive marmoset b95a cells was only successful from ... | 2003 | 12941904 |
| sequence analysis of the phosphoprotein gene of peste des petits ruminants (ppr) virus: editing of the gene transcript. | the gene encoding the phosphoprotein of the vaccine strain of peste des petits ruminants (ppr) virus (nigeria 75/1 vaccine strain) has been cloned and its nucleotide sequence been determined. this gene is 1655 nucleotides long and encodes two overlapping open reading frames (orfs). translation from the first aug would produce a polypeptide of 509 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 54.9 kda, the longest of the published morbillivirus p proteins. translation from the second aug ... | 2003 | 12951268 |
| incidence of adverse events in ferrets vaccinated with distemper or rabies vaccine: 143 cases (1995-2001). | to determine the incidence of adverse events in ferrets vaccinated with a modified-live avian cell culture canine distemper virus vaccine licensed for use in ferrets, an inactivated rabies vaccine licensed for use in ferrets, or both. | 2003 | 12959385 |
| n-linked glycans with similar location in the fusion protein head modulate paramyxovirus fusion. | n-linked glycans not only orchestrate the folding and intracellular transport of viral glycoproteins but also modulate their function. we have characterized the three glycans attached to fusion (f) proteins of the morbilliviruses canine distemper virus and measles virus. the individual morbillivirus glycans have similar functional properties: the glycan at position 68 is essential for protein transport, and those at positions 36 and 75 modulate fusion (numbering according to the newcastle diseas ... | 2003 | 12970405 |
| phylogenetic analysis reveals a low rate of homologous recombination in negative-sense rna viruses. | recombination is increasingly seen as an important means of shaping genetic diversity in rna viruses. however, observed recombination frequencies vary widely among those viruses studied to date, with only sporadic occurrences reported in rna viruses with negative-sense genomes. to determine the extent of homologous recombination in negative-sense rna viruses, phylogenetic analyses of 79 gene sequence alignments from 35 negative-sense rna viruses (a total of 2154 sequences) were carried out. powe ... | 2003 | 13679603 |
| canine parvovirus enteritis, canine distemper, and major histocompatibility complex genetic variation in mexican wolves. | the endangered mexican wolf (canis lupus baileyi) was recently reintroduced into arizona and new mexico (usa). in 1999 and 2000, pups from three litters that were part of the reintroduction program died of either canine parvovirus or canine distemper. overall, half (seven of 14) of the pups died of either canine parvovirus or canine distemper. the parents and their litters were analyzed for variation at the class ii major histocompatibility complex (mhc) gene drb1. similar mhc genes are related ... | 2003 | 14733289 |
| a comparison of in situ hybridisation, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and in situ-rt-pcr for the detection of canine distemper virus rna in paget's disease. | previous evidence implicating paramyxoviruses in the aetiopathology of paget's disease of bone has proved controversial. whilst several groups have demonstrated paramyxoviruses using techniques such as in situ hybridisation (ish), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), and in situ-rt-pcr (is-rt-pcr), others have found no evidence of viruses using only rt-pcr. to investigate this latter finding, we have now compared detection of canine distemper virus by ish, rt-pcr (three diff ... | 2003 | 12711070 |
| clinical toxoplasma gondii, hammondia heydorni, and sarcocystis spp. infections in dogs. | concurrent infections with coccidians toxoplasma gondii, sarcocystis spp., and a hammondia heydorni-like parasite were identified in tissues of three littermate pups on a kelpie dog breeding farm in australia. in total, 20 pups in four litters had died following vaccination with an attenuated distemper virus vaccine. toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were identified immunohistochemically in tissues of two dogs. sarcocystis sp. sporocysts were seen in the intestinal lamina propria of two dogs. asexua ... | 2003 | 15267102 |
| phase-dependent expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in demyelinating canine distemper encephalitis. | matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) are zinc- and calcium-dependent enzymes that cleave molecules of the extracellular matrix, and thus are able to open the blood-brain-barrier and affect myelin. their inhibitors (timps) are important candidates for the therapy of demyelinating diseases. to establish an immunohistochemical profile of mmp and timp expression in plaque variants in dogs with spontaneous demyelinating distemper encephalitis, paraffin-embedded cerebella were studied employing the avidin ... | 2003 | 12920537 |
| anti-insulin antibodies in dogs with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus. | the presence of anti-insulin antibodies was determined by elisa in serum samples from 30 diabetic dogs receiving bovine insulin therapy and 30 normoglycaemic dogs. twenty of the diabetic dogs had significant reactivity to both bovine (heterologous) and porcine (homologous) insulin compared to control dogs. in contrast there was no significant difference between the two populations in reactivity to canine distemper virus (cdv) or canine thyroglobulin. the high degree of correlation between anti-b ... | 2003 | 12507850 |
| non-cytocidal infection of keratinocytes by canine distemper virus in the so-called hard pad disease of canine distemper. | a late, but not uncommon sequel to canine distemper virus (cdv) infection of dogs is thickening of footpads and nasal planum, the so-called hard pad disease, originally described as vacuolar degeneration of epidermal keratinocytes with inclusion body formation and massive hyperkeratosis. however, in a recent study of footpads of naturally cdv-infected dogs only hyperkeratosis was observed without any of the other changes. instead, acanthosis was frequently noticed. cdv nucleoprotein was present ... | 2003 | 14519333 |
| evaluation of oral and subcutaneous delivery of an experimental canarypox recombinant canine distemper vaccine in the siberian polecat (mustela eversmanni). | we assessed the safety and efficacy of an experimental canarypox-vectored recombinant canine distemper virus (cdv) subunit vaccine in the siberian polecat (mustela eversmanni), a close relative of the black-footed ferret, (m. nigripes), an endangered species that is highly susceptible to the virus. siberian polecats were randomized into six treatment groups. recombinant canine distemper vaccine was administered s.c. at three dose levels (10(4.5), 10(5.0), and 10(5.5) plaque-forming units [pfu] p ... | 2003 | 12723797 |
| canine distemper virus infection: proliferation of canine footpad keratinocytes. | the proliferation of footpad keratinocytes of canine distemper virus (cdv)-infected dogs was investigated. footpads of 19 dogs inoculated experimentally with a virulent distemper strain (a75/17) and of two noninoculated control dogs were collected at necropsy. dogs were divided into four groups according to results of the postmortem examination: dogs with severe distemper (group 1), dogs with mild distemper (group 2), inoculated dogs without distemper (group 3) and noninoculated dogs (group 4). ... | 2003 | 12949417 |
| a new paraclinical csf marker for hypoxia-like tissue damage in multiple sclerosis lesions. | recent studies on the immunopathology of multiple sclerosis revealed a heterogeneity in the patterns of demyelination, suggesting interindividual differences in the mechanism responsible for myelin destruction. one of these patterns of demyelination, characterized by oligodendrocyte dystrophy and apoptosis, closely mimics myelin destruction in acute white matter ischaemia. in the course of a systematic screening for virus antigen expression in multiple sclerosis brains, we identified a monoclona ... | 2003 | 12764056 |
| prevalence of antibodies against canine distemper virus among red foxes in luxembourg. | canine distemper virus (cdv) has a wide host spectrum, and during the past years, distemper has been observed in species that were previously not considered to be susceptible. in this study, we investigated the prevalence of cdv-specific antibodies in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) sampled between may and november 1997. about 9 to 13% of the luxembourg red fox population is positive for antibodies against cdv. thus a sizeable proportion of red foxes has been exposed to cdv in the wild. the significan ... | 2002 | 12528458 |
| interactions among antiviral drugs acting late in the replication cycle of human cytomegalovirus. | this study describes the extent of cross-resistance and interactions for selected inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) dna synthesis and dna processing. hcmv isolates resistant to the benzimidazole d-ribonucleoside viral dna processing inhibitors tcrb and bdcrb were sensitive to bay 38-4766, a non-nucleoside inhibitor of viral dna processing. this indicates that these two drug types have distinct interactions with the products of hcmv genes ul56 and ul89 required for viral dna cleavage and ... | 2002 | 12323400 |
| sequence changes in the human adenovirus type 5 dna polymerase associated with resistance to the broad spectrum antiviral cidofovir. | although there is currently no fda approved antiviral treatment for adenovirus (ad) infections, the broad spectrum antiviral cidofovir (cdv) has demonstrated potent inhibitory activity against many ad serotypes in vitro and in an in vivo ocular replication model. the clinical potential of cdv prompted the assessment for the emergence of cdv resistance in ad5. serial passage of ad5 in increasing concentrations of cdv resulted in derivation of four different ad5 variants with increased resistance ... | 2002 | 12323401 |
| genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the thymidine kinase of acv-resistant hsv-1 derived from an acyclovir-sensitive herpes simplex virus type 1 strain. | twenty-four strains of acyclovir (acv)-resistant (acv(r)) herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) were generated from the hsv-1 tas strain by exposure to acv, and the genotype and phenotype of the thymidine kinase (tk) from these mutants were analyzed. the tk polypeptide of the acv(r) hsv-1 strains was examined by western blot using an anti-hsv-1 tk rabbit serum. the sensitivity of each strain to acv, foscarnet and cidofovir (cdv) was also determined. a single guanine (g) insertion or a single cytos ... | 2002 | 12406508 |
| cell type-dependent cytokine expression after canine distemper virus infection. | canine cells of different histogenesis were infected with the onderstepoort strain of distemper virus (cdv) to study the effect of viral infection on cytokine production. included were primary brain cells, dermal fibroblasts, and two cell lines, dh 82 cells (macrophage-like) and epithelial madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. all cultures produced infective virus. mdck cells had the lowest percentage of cdv-antigen positive cells, and infection did not cause a significant increase of cell dea ... | 2002 | 12479398 |
| demyelination precedes oligodendrocyte loss in canine distemper virus-induced encephalitis. | canine distemper virus (cdv), a negative-stranded rna morbillivirus, causes a persistent infection within the central nervous system resulting in a progressive, multifocal demyelinating disease. demyelination is thought to be caused by a selective alteration of the myelin-producing oligodendrocytes. metabolic impairment and morphological changes of the oligodendrocytes after cdv infection have previously been observed in vitro as well as in vivo. until now it has been suggested that the oligoden ... | 2002 | 11837742 |
| rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants viruses exhibit neurovirulence in mice. | members of the morbillivirus genus, canine distemper (cdv), phocine distemper virus (pdv), and the cetacean viruses of dolphins and porpoises exhibit high levels of cns infection in their natural hosts. cns complications are rare for measles virus (mv) and are not associated with rinderpest virus (rpv) and peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) infection. however, it is possible that all morbilliviruses infect the cns but in some hosts are rapidly cleared by the immune response. in this study, ... | 2002 | 11847591 |
| development of hypertrophic osteodystrophy and antibody response in a litter of vaccinated weimaraner puppies. | two different vaccination protocols were compared with regard to the development of hypertrophic osteodystrophy (hod) (also termed metaphyseal osteopathy) and effectiveness of immunisation in a litter of 10 weimaraner puppies. five puppies (group 1) were vaccinated with a modified live canine parvovirus vaccine (cpv) and then two weeks later with a trivalent vaccine containing modified live canine distemper virus and adenovirus type 2 combined with a leptospira bacterin (dhl). the cpv and dhl va ... | 2002 | 11833821 |
| sequence analysis of measles virus nucleocapsid transcripts in patients with paget's disease. | it has been debated for almost 30 years whether paget's disease of bone results from paramyxoviral infection of osteoclasts (ocs). paramyxoviral-like nuclear inclusions are found in ocs from patients with paget's disease, and measles virus (mv) or canine distemper virus (cdv) messenger rna (mrna) transcripts have been detected by in situ hybridization in bone cells from pagetic lesions. furthermore, immunocytochemical studies have shown the presence of several paramyxoviral species in ocs from p ... | 2002 | 11771661 |
| serologic survey for viral and bacterial infections in western populations of canada lynx (lynx canadensis). | a serologic survey for exposure to pathogens in canada lynx (lynx canadensis) in western north america was conducted. samples from 215 lynx from six study areas were tested for antibodies to feline parvovirus (fpv), feline coronavirus, canine distemper virus, feline calicivirus, feline herpesvirus, yersinia pestis, and francisella tularensis. a subset of samples was tested for feline immunodeficiency virus; all were negative. for all other pathogens, evidence for exposure was found in at least o ... | 2002 | 12528455 |
| [combined use of killed vaccines and immunomodulator ridostin for urgent prevention of epidemic stomatitis, aujeszky disease and carnivore plague in experiment]. | results of experimental studies of mice and pigs infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus, minks infected with aujeszky's disease virus, and dogs infected with canine distemper virus are described. in animals with foot-and-mouth disease and aujeszky's disease, combined treatment with killed vaccine and immunomodulator ridostin by the scheme of urgent prophylaxis (3 days before infection) caused 75% (foot-and-mouth disease) and 100% (aujeszky's disease) prevention of animal death and developmen ... | 2002 | 12508681 |
| distribution of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the cerebellum in canine distemper virus infection. | the cerebella of eight dogs naturally infected with canine distemper virus (cdv) and two normal dogs were examined immunohistochemically for glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-hsd). the clinical diagnosis of canine distemper was confirmed histopathologically and by the immunohistochemical demonstration of cdv antigen. in all dogs (healthy and infected), the purkinje cells of the cerebellum were immunolabelled for 3beta-hsd activity. in infected d ... | 2002 | 12443737 |
| the morbillivirus receptor slam (cd150). | morbilliviruses are highly contagious pathogens that cause some of the most devastating viral diseases of humans and animals, including measles virus (mv), canine distemper virus (cdv), and rinderpest virus (rpv). they replicate mainly in lymphoid organs throughout the body and cause severe immunosuppression accompanied with lymphopenia. we have recently shown that human, canine, and bovine signaling lymphocyte activation molecules (slams; also known as cd150) act as cellular receptors for mv, c ... | 2002 | 12008921 |
| clinical and serological response of wild dogs (lycaon pictus) to vaccination against canine distemper, canine parvovirus infection and rabies. | wild dogs lycaon pictuis (n = 8) were vaccinated 4 times against canine distemper (n = 8) (initially with inactivated and subsequently with live attenuated strains of canine distemper) and canine parvovirus infection (n = 8) over a period of 360 days. four of the wild dogs were also vaccinated 3 times against rabies using a live oral vaccine and 4 with an inactivated parenteral vaccine. commercially-available canine distemper, canine parvovirus and parenteral rabies vaccines, intended for use in ... | 2002 | 12088076 |
| complement-mediated neutralization of canine distemper virus in vitro: cross-reaction between vaccine onderstepoort and field kdk-1 strains with different hemagglutinin gene characteristics. | the properties of neutralization of antigens of canine distemper virus onderstepoort and a recent field isolate, kdk-1, were investigated with strain-specific dog sera. a conventional neutralization assay indicated antigenic dissimilarity between the strains; however, when guinea pig complement was included in the reaction mixture, the strains were neutralized with not only the homologous but also the heterologous antibodies. | 2002 | 12093697 |
| alkoxyalkyl esters of cidofovir and cyclic cidofovir exhibit multiple-log enhancement of antiviral activity against cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus replication in vitro. | the incidence of cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinitis is declining in aids patients but remains a significant clinical problem in patients with organ transplants and bone marrow transplants. prophylaxis with ganciclovir (gcv) or valganciclovir reduces the incidence of cmv disease but may lead to the emergence of drug-resistant virus with mutations in the ul97 or ul54 gene. it would be useful to have other types of oral therapy for cmv disease. we synthesized hexadecyloxypropyl and octadecyloxyethyl d ... | 2002 | 12121908 |
| postpartum live virus vaccination: lessons from veterinary medicine. | pregnant rubella-susceptible women are often revaccinated during the postpartum period with the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (mmr). it is known that the rubella virus from vaccine is secreted in breast milk and persists in the nose and throat for up to 28 days but it is not known whether the measles and mumps viruses are similarly secreted. it is probable the measles virus from vaccine is. | 2002 | 12208153 |
| emerging morbillivirus infections of marine mammals: development of two diagnostic approaches. | in the last 13 years, four viruses belonging in the morbillivirus genus of the paramyxoviridae family have emerged as significant causes of disease and mortality in marine mammals. the viruses involved are canine distemper virus (cdv) in seals and polar bears, dolphin morbillivirus (dmv) and porpoise morbillivirus (pmv) in cetaceans, and phocine distemper virus (pdv) in pinnipeds. the two cetacean morbilliviruses (dmv and pmv) are now considered to be the same viral species, named cetacean morbi ... | 2002 | 12381563 |
| membrane fusion tropism and heterotypic functional activities of the nipah virus and hendra virus envelope glycoproteins. | nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev) are novel paramyxoviruses from pigs and horses, respectively, that are responsible for fatal zoonotic infections of humans. the unique genetic and biological characteristics of these emerging agents has led to their classification as the prototypic members of a new genus within the paramyxovirinae subfamily called henipavirus: these viruses are most closely related to members of the genus morbillivirus and infect cells through a ph-independent membrane fu ... | 2002 | 12388678 |
| comparative efficacy of a canine distemper-measles and a standard measles vaccine for immunization of rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | measles virus (mv), a highly infective paramyxovirus, has caused sporadic epizootics characterized by high morbidity and increased mortality in nonhuman primates. measles vaccines for human use, although effective, are cost prohibitive for use in primate colonies. we compared the efficacy of one or two doses of vanguard d-m, a canine distemper-measles (cd-m) vaccine, with a single dose of attenuvax, a human measles vaccine. compared with 81% of animals inoculated with attenuvax, all animals inoc ... | 2002 | 12405642 |
| [ferrets in veterinary practice]. | ferrets (mustela putorius furo) show up with increasing frequency in veterinary practice. originally domesticated for hunting of rodents and rabbits, they became very popular pets which require legal permission though and the further fulfillment of various husbandry needs. ferrets have to be maintained on a high protein diet which in practice is often done with commercial feline products. physical examination is similar to dogs and cats whereas the frequent occurrence of non-specific symptoms re ... | 2002 | 12481538 |
| natural distemper in vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs in warsaw. | two hundred and twenty-four dogs with clinical signs of distemper were examined for the presence of canine distemper virus (cdv) in mucous membranes by direct immunofluorescence assay. the study showed that 22% of the animals were cdv-positive. most (33/50; 66%) of the infected dogs had never been vaccinated against distemper, whereas only 11 of 50 (22%) cdv-positive animals were immunized at least once. the difference in the infection rate between vaccinated and unvaccinated animals was statist ... | 2002 | 12489707 |
| approaches in the understanding of morbillivirus neurovirulence. | certain members of the morbillivirus genus, canine distemper virus, phocine distemper virus, and the cetacean viruses of dolphins and porpoises exhibit high levels of central nervous system (cns) infection in their natural hosts. cns complications are rare for measles virus (mv) and are not associated with rinderpest virus (rpv) and peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) infection. however, both rpv and pprv are neurovirulent in permissive murine strains. human postmortem tissue, neural cell cu ... | 2002 | 12491157 |
| detection and genetic characterization of canine distemper virus (cdv) from free-ranging red foxes in italy. | fragments of the genes encoding the haemoagglutinin (h) and the nucleocapsid protein (n) of a canine distemper (cdv)-like virus affecting a red fox (vulpes vulpes) were sequenced and analysed. the cdv-like virus detected in the fox was found to be not dissimilar, in both the h and n gene, from other cdvs spreading in italy, as well as all over the world, and phylogenetic analysis on the h protein-encoding gene allowed to include all the italian cdvs in the h european genotype. | 2002 | 12005452 |
| increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lack of up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines in early distemper cns lesions. | to investigate the pathogenesis of early lesions in canine distemper virus (cdv) leukoencephalomyelitis, the expressions of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (il)-1beta, il-2, il-6, il-8, il-10, il-12, tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, interferon (ifn)-gamma and transforming growth factor (tgf)-beta and the housekeeping genes beta-actin and gapdh were studied using semi-quantitative rt-pcr. relative cytokine values were related to the degree of cdv infection, mhc class ii ... | 2002 | 11960638 |
| elevated concentrations of trace elements in caspian seals (phoca caspica) found stranded during the mass mortality events in 2000. | concentrations of v, mn, fe, cr, co, cu, zn, as, se, mo, ag, cd, tl, hg, pb, and organic mercury (org-hg) were determined in liver, kidney, and muscle of healthy caspian seals ( phoca caspica) collected in 1998. these concentrations were compared with those of seals infected with canine distemper virus (cdv) found stranded along the coastal areas in 2000. concentrations of toxic elements (as, ag, cd, tl, hg, pb, and org-hg) in caspian seals stranded in 2000 were comparable or lower than those of ... | 2002 | 11910465 |
| expression of a foreign gene by recombinant canine distemper virus recovered from cloned dnas. | a canine distemper virus (cdv) genomic cdna clone and expression plasmids required to establish a cdv rescue system were generated from a laboratory-adapted strain of the onderstepoort vaccine virus. in addition, a cdv minireplicon was prepared and used in transient expression studies performed to identify optimal virus rescue conditions. results from the transient expression experiments indicated that minireplicon-encoded reporter gene activity was increased when transfected cell cultures were ... | 2002 | 11864746 |
| development of a semi-nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for the retrospective diagnosis of canine distemper virus infection. | formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 14 dogs were used to test the utility of a newly developed semi-nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay for canine distemper virus (cdv). the results from this new test were compared with those of histopathologic examination, fluorescent antibody detection (fa), and immunohistochemistry (ihc). the semi-nested rt-pcr protocol was used to detect cdv rna in 9 of the 10 cases that were positive by at least 1 of the im ... | 2002 | 12680643 |