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identification of an aprotinin antiviral domain.digestion of the proteinase inhibitor aprotinin, by clostripain, a cysteine proteinase, yielded five oligopeptide fragments. two fragments exhibited both antiviral and antibacterial activities, two fragments only antiviral activity, and one fragment showed no antimicrobial activity. one of the former oligopeptides showed antiviral activity against human herpes simplex virus type 1 and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3. it consisted of the hexapeptide y-f-y-n-a-k corresponding to amino acids 21-2 ...19947514546
isolation of parainfluenza virus type 3 from cerebrospinal fluid associated with aseptic meningitis.parainfluenza virus type 3 has been isolated from the cerebral spinal fluid (csf) from six individuals--four children and two adults--over a 10-year period. all had fever, and four had signs of meningitis. all recovered uneventfully, including one child undergoing chemotherapy for medulloblastoma. the clinical presentation of this child who developed parainfluenza virus type 3 meningitis is described, and the cases of five other individuals with parainfluenza virus type 3 isolated from the csf a ...19938391749
immunopotentiation of bovine respiratory disease virus vaccines by interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-2.three experiments, using 85 crossbred beef calves, were conducted to evaluate the adjuvanticity of single, multiple, and combined doses of recombinant bovine il-1 beta (rboil-1 beta) and recombinant bovine il-2 (rboil-2), with a modified-live bovine herpesvirus-1/parainfluenza-3 (bhv-1/pi-3) virus vaccine and a killed bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus vaccine. cytokines were administered intramuscularly at vaccination but at different injection sites. all cytokine treatments increased non-major ...19938393601
role of cellular actin in human parainfluenza virus type 3 genome transcription.the transcribing ribonucleoprotein (rnp) complex of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv-3) requires cellular actin for transcription of viral genome in vitro (de, b. p., lesoon, a., and banerjee, a. k. (1991) j. virol. 65, 3268-3275). in this communication, we have studied the interactions between different molecular forms of actin and the rnp of hpiv-3 to understand the role of actin in mrna synthesis. we demonstrate that both polymeric and monomeric forms of actin (obtained by dnase i treat ...19937680647
virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in the guinea-pig: possible involvement of histamine and inflammatory cells.1. guinea-pig tracheal contractions by histamine and by the cholinoceptor agonist, arecoline, are significantly enhanced (30% and 20%, respectively), 96 h after intra-tracheal inoculation with parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus. 2. the airway hyperresponsiveness in animals inoculated with virus coincides with a significant increase in the number of broncho-alveolar cells (82%), and in the albumin concentration (121%) in lung lavage fluid, relative to values obtained in guinea-pigs challenged with cont ...19938097951
meningitis due to parainfluenza virus type 3: report of two cases and review.we report the cases of two infants with meningitis due to parainfluenza virus type 3. this is the first time that documented clinical and laboratory details have been reported for a 1-month-old infant with meningitis due to parainfluenza virus type 3 (our second case). we reviewed the literature and determined that cns involvement by parainfluenza virus type 3 appears rare. clinicians should be aware that parainfluenza virus type 3, one of the most common causes of viral respiratory infection in ...19938110958
virus-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in the guinea-pig is inhibited by levodropropizine.intratracheal parainfluenza type 3 (pi-3) virus inoculation of guinea pigs leads to a non-specific airway hyperresponsiveness in vivo and in vitro which coincides with a significant increase in the number of inflammatory cells in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (90% increase, 4 days after inoculation). the activity of the bronchoalveolar cells, as measured by the chemiluminescence production of infected animals is significantly diminished (34.2%, 4 days after inoculation) after renewed stimula ...19938232598
a time-course study of airway hyperresponsiveness in conscious parainfluenza virus type 3-infected guinea pigs.the study of virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness may provide insight into mechanisms that contribute to respiratory diseases such as asthma. we examined changes induced by parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi-3) in lung lesions, tissue weights, and airway responsiveness to aerosols of histamine, methacholine, or citric acid in conscious guinea pigs, using modified whole body plethysmography. during the first week after inoculation, infected lung tissue had peribronchiolitis and airway hyperrespon ...19938277724
epidemiological, viral and serological studies concerning the evolution of some acute respiratory diseases between november 1992 and march 1993 in nine districts of the south-east area of romania.viral and serological studies led to the conclusion that parainfluenza type 3 and influenza type a(h3n2) viruses were the most implicated in the etiology of acute respiratory diseases (ard), viral pneumonia and clinical influenza in nine districts of the south-east area of romania during the november 1992-march 1993 period. epidemiological survey pointed on the 0-1 year group of age as the most affected by the above mentioned respiratory diseases.19939702251
[membrane microviscosity in cell/virus systems].the use of fluorescent probes for the appraisal of microviscosity properties of cell membranes, both inside the lipid double layer and/or near the double layer surface, are today an usual tool in cell biology. in the present paper an attempt was made to establish if there are significant changes in the mechanical properties of the host cell membranes.19939702252
effects of parainfluenza type 3 virus on guinea pig pulmonary alveolar macrophage functions in vitro.the influence of parainfluenza type 3 (pi-3) virus on the release of inflammatory mediators by guinea pig pulmonary alveolar macrophages (pams) was investigated in vitro. direct application of pi-3 virus dose-dependently stimulated the generation of chemiluminescence by pams and induced aggregation of pams. no significant effects of pi-3 virus on the release of linoleic acid metabolites by pams were detected. however, an increased release of the arachidonic acid metabolite thromboxane b2 (txb2) ...19938112826
persistent infection with human parainfluenza virus 3 in cv-1 cells: analysis of the role of defective interfering particles.persistent infection of cultured cells with human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpf3), established following infection at high multiplicity, has been associated with the presence of one or more viral defective-interfering (di) particles in addition to standard viral genomes. we recently showed that persistent infection can also be established after low multiplicity infection, a condition not generally associated with amplification of di particles. the association of di particle genomes with persis ...19938386885
polarity and fusion of jar choriocarcinoma cells as assessed by enveloped viral glycoproteins.placental trophoblasts are epithelial cells which undergo physiological fusion and generate syncytia. in this study, a placental choriocarcinoma cell line jar was infected with two enveloped viruses, parainfluenza type 3 (p3) or vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). both viruses possess a fusion glycoprotein known to be able to induce polykaryon formation in nonpolarized cells. the p3 virus fusion protein was localized on the apical as well as on the basal plasma membrane domains of the infected jar ...19938388801
protection of cotton rats against human parainfluenza virus type 3 by vaccination with a chimeric fhn subunit glycoprotein.a cotton rat model of experimental human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) infection was used to examine the efficacy of fhn, a novel chimeric glycoprotein which contains the extracellular regions of the fusion (f) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins of piv-3. the fhn protein was expressed in insect cells using a baculovirus vector system. fhn vaccination resulted in induction of neutralizing antibodies, was completely protective at doses of 100 ng, and was superior to vaccinati ...19938383179
rescue of synthetic analogs of genomic rna and replicative-intermediate rna of human parainfluenza virus type 3.the genome of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) is a single negative-sense rna strand (vrna) that is 15,463 nucleotides in length. a cdna was constructed to encode an 898-nucleotide, internally deleted version of piv3 vrna, piv3-cat vrna, in which the viral genes were replaced with the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter gene. the cat gene was flanked in turn by sequences representing (i) nontranslated sequences of the first and last genes in the piv3 genome, (ii) pi ...19938386276
virus-induced changes in airway responsiveness, morphology, and histamine levels in guinea pigs.a significant increase in airway responsiveness to histamine was observed in vitro and in vivo 4 days after intratracheal inoculation of parainfluenza type 3 (pi-3) virus to guinea pigs. light microscopic and ultrastructural examination of the central airways of animals inoculated with virus revealed stratification of the epithelial lining, with pronounced loss of cilia and granule-depleted goblet cells. in the peripheral airways, typical lesions of patchy alveolitis and bronchiolitis were found ...19938389111
suppression of lymphocyte proliferation by parainfluenza virus type 3-infected bovine alveolar macrophages.lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin a (con a) or antigen in the presence of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) infected bovine alveolar macrophages (bam) or monocytes, had depressed [3h]thymidine incorporation. this failure of lymphocytes to incorporate radiolabel required live virus, was time dependent and was most pronounced when bam were infected for 48 hr prior to the addition of lymphocytes. the rate of infection of alveolar macrophages and the release of infectious virus into c ...19938393834
comparison of soluble and secreted forms of human parainfluenza virus type 3 glycoproteins expressed from mammalian and insect cells as subunit vaccines.human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) is one of the leading causes of paediatric viral respiratory disease. the piv-3 genome encodes two envelope glycoproteins, f and hn, which are the major targets for the host antibody response. we have expressed secreted forms of the f and hn proteins and a novel chimeric fhn glycoprotein in insect cells using recombinant baculovirus vectors and secreted forms of the f and fhn glycoproteins in stably transformed chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. compariso ...19938383178
rescue of synthetic analogs of genome rna of human parainfluenza virus type 3.a simple system that allows expression and packaging of a foreign gene by human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv-3) has been described. first, a cdna was constructed to encode an internally deleted version of hpiv-3 genome rna. the viral genes were replaced with a negative sense copy of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) reporter gene. in vitro run-off transcription with t7 rna polymerase synthesized an 870 nucleotide rna that contained the antisense coding region of the cat ...19938395122
antiviral melanization reaction of heliothis virescens hemolymph against dna and rna viruses in vitro.1. antiviral activity of heliothis virescens larval hemolymph was determined using a cytotoxicity/virus inhibition test (tcld50) done in vero cell tissue cultures. excellent antiviral activity was found especially against herpes simplex viruses-1 and -2 and also against vesicular stomatitis, parainfluenza-3, coxsackie b3 and sindbis viruses. 2. prolonged incubation of herpes simplex virus-1 and vesicular stomatitis virus with hemolymph was virucidal and greatly reduced infectivity of the two vir ...19938395989
role of the cytoplasmic domains of viral glycoproteins in antibody-induced cell surface mobility.we have investigated the role of the cytoplasmic domains of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) and the parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi3) fusion (f) glycoproteins as a determinant of their ability to undergo antibody-induced redistribution on plasma membranes. the viral envelope genes were truncated in their cytoplasmic domains by using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis and expressed by using recombinant vaccinia viruses. in hela cells, the truncated ha (hat), like the full-length ha, did n ...19938396682
development of a novel subunit vaccine that protects cotton rats against both human respiratory syncytial virus and human parainfluenza virus type 3.a cotton rat model of experimental human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) infection was used to examine the efficacy of frhnp, a novel chimeric glycoprotein which contains the extracellular regions of the fusion glycoprotein of rsv and the attachment glycoprotein of piv-3, as a single subunit vaccine against these two viruses. this work was prompted by previous cotton rat studies that demonstrated that the major protective antigens of the two viruses ...19938397289
relative affinity of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase for sialic acid correlates with virus-induced fusion activity.the ability of enveloped viruses to cause disease depends on their ability to enter the host cell via membrane fusion events. an understanding of these early events in infection, crucial for the design of methods of blocking infection, is needed for viruses that mediate membrane fusion at neutral ph, such as paramyxoviruses and human immunodeficiency virus. sialic acid is the receptor for the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpf3) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein, the molecule resp ...19938411349
canine distemper virus l gene: sequence and comparison with related viruses.we cloned the genomic rna of canine distemper virus (cdv) and determined the nucleotide sequence of the large (l) protein-coding gene. the l gene is 6573 nucleotides long and contains a single open reading frame coding for a polypeptide of 2161 amino acids (mw 246,354). the precise 5' end of the viral genome consists of a 38-nucleotide leader region. the cdv l protein shows over 77% amino acid similarity with its morbilliform relative measles virus (mv) with nearly 67% of their amino acids conse ...19938438585
viral pathogens of acute lower respiratory infections in pre-school nigerian children and clinical implications of multiple microbial identifications.in a prospective study of acute lower respiratory infections (alri), at the university college hospital, uch, ibadan, 35 viral pathogens were identified by immunofluorescence (if) techniques from 24 (68.6%) respiratory specimens from 35 hospitalised pre-school children. the respiratory diagnoses comprised croup, bronchiolitis, pneumonia and pleural effusion. the viral identifications comprised 14 (40.0%) of parainfluenza virus type 3, 10 (28.6%) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), 5 (14.3%) of ...19938512876
molecular epidemiology of a parainfluenza type 3 virus outbreak on a pediatric ward.parainfluenza type 3 virus (piv-3), an important cause of acute lower respiratory illness in children, can be transmitted nosocomially. to differentiate between nosocomial transmission and community-acquired infection, a polymerase chain reaction-based sequencing assay was developed for the 5' noncoding region of the piv-3 fusion protein gene and was applied to virus specimens from 10 children infected with piv-3 during a hospital outbreak. four strains of piv-3 were identified among the 10 viru ...19938388907
parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3)-specific and non-virus-specific delayed type hypersensitivity responses in cotton rats given different piv3 antigen preparations.virus-specific, t-lymphocyte-mediated delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) responses were studied in cotton rats using replicating (wild-type parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) and recombinant vaccinia virus expressing piv3 haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) or fusion (f) glycoproteins), and non-replicating (detergent-solubilized, affinity chromatography purified hn and f glycoproteins or inactivated whole piv3) virus preparations. significant virus-specific dth responses were observed in all test ...19938383384
a cold-adapted mutant of parainfluenza virus type 3 is attenuated and protective in chimpanzees.a live attenuated cold-adapted parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) vaccine is being developed to prevent the serious lower respiratory tract disease caused by this virus in infants and young children. this cold-passaged mutant (cp45) was evaluated in seronegative chimpanzees and found to be highly attenuated in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts compared to its wild-type parent. animals immunized with cp45 were also highly resistant to wild-type piv-3 challenge. stability of the attenuat ...19938383726
the antiviral activity of sp-303, a natural polyphenolic polymer, against respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza type 3 viruses in cotton rats.sp-303, a naturally occurring polyphenolic polymer (average m.w. = 2100 da), was tested in cotton rats (sigmoden hispidus) for antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial (rsv) and parainfluenza type 3 (piv3) viruses, and for acute toxicity. significant reductions in pulmonary rsv titers, compared to pulmonary rsv titers in comparably treated control animals, were seen in cotton rats given 1-10 mg sp-303/kg/day intraperitoneally (i.p.) on days 1 through to 3, after experimental inoculation ...19938384824
serum viral antibody titer in vestibular neuronitis.fifty-seven cases of vestibular neuronitis were evaluated for viral infection by means of serum antibody titer. the viruses tested were herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, eb virus, adenovirus, influenza virus a, influenza virus b, parainfluenza virus 3, mumps virus, rubella virus and measles virus. paired sera were examined in 49 cases among 57 cases, 26 cases showed significant change (four-fold or greater change) in viral antibody titer. only one case (53-year old f ...19938385868
[membrane microviscosity in cell-virus systems].the use of fluorescent probes for the appraisal of microviscosity properties of cell membranes, both inside the lipid double layer and/or near the double layer surface, are today an usual tool in cell biology. in the present paper an attempt was made to establish if there are significant changes in the mechanical properties of the host cell membranes.19938043481
parainfluenza virus infection in adult bone marrow transplant recipients.the clinical course of parainfluenza virus infection occurring in 8 of 265 (3%) adult bone marrow transplant recipients during 1991 was reviewed. parainfluenza virus type 3 was isolated from all eight patients. the clinical course ranged from self-limited upper respiratory tract infections (2 patients) to severe lower respiratory tract disease (6 patients) associated with a 50% mortality. this study highlights the important role of community respiratory viruses such as parainfluenza virus in the ...19938243487
parainfluenza virus type 3 and pertussis syndrome. 19938244477
the complete nucleotide sequence of two cold-adapted, temperature-sensitive attenuated mutant vaccine viruses (cp12 and cp45) derived from the js strain of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3).two cold-passaged mutant vaccine viruses (cp12 and cp45) derived from the js wild-type (wt) strain of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) have been sequenced. these mutant viruses display the cold-adapted (ca), temperature-sensitive (ts), and attenuation (att) phenotypes. sequence data indicate that both cp12 and cp45 sustained nucleotide substitutions during cold passage and subsequent cloning. fifteen nucleotide changes were present in cp12 and 18 in cp45. of these changes, some were prese ...19938266719
comparative analysis of the immunoprotective abilities of glycosylated and deglycosylated parainfluenza virus type 3 surface glycoproteins.the role of carbohydrate moieties on the immunoprotective ability of parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) and fusion (f) glycoproteins was tested in hamsters. hn and f proteins were purified from detergent-solubilized virus by lentil-lectin affinity chromatography and deglycosylated by treatment with endoglycosidase f (endo f). immunization of hamsters with either 1 or 5 micrograms of mock-treated (glycosylated) affinity-purified proteins elicited strong haemagglu ...19938277287
effect of heparin on hemagglutination by pseudorabies virus.heparin inhibited hemagglutination (ha) by pseudorabies virus (prv), but not ha by akabane virus, bovine adenovirus type 7, fukuoka virus, getah virus, japanese encephalitis virus, and parainfluenza virus type 3 belonging to the families bunyaviridae, adenoviridae, rhabdoviridae, togaviridae, flavivi-idae, and paramyxoviridae, respectively. the minimal inhibitory concentration of heparin required to inhibit 8 ha u of prv ranged from 0.005 to 0.01 u/ml. mouse erythrocytes failed to combine with t ...19938381261
microencapsulated human parainfluenza virus induces a protective immune response.human parainfluenza type 3 (pi3) virus was incorporated into microspheres composed of a biocompatible and biodegradable dl-lactide and glycolide copolymer. sera from mice immunized with these microspheres showed an antibody response to the viral glycoproteins and neutralized virus infectivity. the microspheres were also evaluated by intraperitoneal, oral, or intranasal administration to determine their protective efficacy in the hamster. after challenge infection of the intraperitoneally immuniz ...19938382726
viral infection in guinea pigs induces a sustained non-specific airway hyperresponsiveness and morphological changes of the respiratory tract.in the present study an animal model is described in which a sustained non-specific airway hyperresponsiveness is induced. guinea pigs were inoculated intratracheally with parainfluenza type 3 (pi-3) virus or control solution. two, 4, 8, and 16 days after inoculation the tracheae, bronchi, and lung strips were isolated and mounted in organ baths. two days after inoculation no difference between the control solution and pi-3 virus group was observed, with respect to the histamine concentration/re ...19921280227
[an outbreak of keratoconjunctivitis in a dairy farm].an outbreak of infectious kerato-conjunctivitis is described in a dairy herd during the (winter)stable period. moraxella was isolated from lacrimation fluid from three animals. the development of the infection was possibly precipitated by a vaccination with modified live ibr virus, adenovirus type 3 and parainfluenza virus type 3. presumably, climatological-stable conditions play an important role in the clinical manifestation of the infection.19921287897
rna editing in the phosphoprotein gene of the human parainfluenza virus type 3.rna editing of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) phosphoprotein (p) gene was found to occur for the accession of an alternate discontinuous cistron. editing occurred within a purine-rich sequence (aauuaaaaaaggggg) found at the mrna nucleotides 791-805. this sequence resembles an hpiv3 consensus transcription termination sequence and is located at the 5'-end of the putative d protein coding sequences. editing at an alternate site (aauuggaaaggaaagg), mrna nucleotides 1121-1136, for acce ...19921310183
functional interactions between the fusion protein and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase of human parainfluenza viruses.the fusion glycoprotein (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) genes of human parainfluenza virus type 2 (pi2) were molecularly cloned and expressed in hela-t4 cells by using the vaccinia virus-t7 transient expression system. expression of the f and hn proteins was detected by using immunoprecipitation and surface immunofluorescence staining. although the f protein was found to be cleaved into f1 and f2 and expressed on cell surfaces, no cell fusion was observed. however, cotransfection of the ...19921310764
evolution of the fusion protein gene of human parainfluenza virus 3.the nucleotide sequences of the fusion (f) gene of 15 clinical strains of human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv3) isolated between 1959 and 1987 were compared with the f gene sequence of the prototype strain, wash/47885/57. nucleotide sequence diversity was greatest in the noncoding regions of the f gene; however, regions believed to function as transcriptional signals were completely conserved. amino acid sequences were highly conserved and all but a few amino acid substitutions were conservative i ...19921311137
distribution and substrate specificity of intracellular proteolytic processing enzyme(s) for paramyxovirus fusion glycoproteins.intracellular proteolytic processing of fusion glycoprotein precursors (f0) of paramyxoviruses, i.e. a virulent strain of newcastle disease virus (ndv), parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) and simian virus 5 (sv5), was examined in nalm6 and bsc40 cells and compared with that in llcmk2 cells to investigate the distribution of the virus-activating protease(s) among the cells and its substrate specificity. bsc40 cells lack a processing endoprotease of the neuropeptide precursor, pro-opiomelanocortin ...19921312118
release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from bovine alveolar macrophages stimulated with bovine respiratory viruses and bacterial endotoxins.the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) from cultured bovine alveolar macrophages (bam) was evaluated following stimulation of bam with bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), escherichia coli 0111:b4 endotoxin, pasteurella haemolytica type 1 endotoxin, pasteurella multocida endotoxin, and virus/endotoxin combinations. a cytotoxic assay system using georgia bovine kidney cells as targets was used to measure tnf-alpha a ...19921312264
cytotoxicity of bovine leucocytes for parainfluenza type-3 virus-infected cells.the cytotoxic effect of bovine neutrophils, alveolar macrophages, monocytes and lymphocytes for parainfluenza type-3 (pi-3) virus-infected cells in 51chromium-release assays is described. specific lysis of virus-infected target cells with pi-3 virus antibody and complement was first observed 8 h after infection coincident with the appearance of haemadsorption-positive cells. specific lysis increased rapidly reaching a peak 18-24 h after infection. this increase was paralleled by the increase in ...19921315084
effect of macrophages and in vitro infection with parainfluenza type 3 and respiratory syncytial viruses on the mitogenic response of bovine lymphocytes.bovine blood lymphocytes, depleted of macrophages by absorption on plasma-gelatin coated plastic flasks, followed by passage through sephadex g-10 columns, failed to respond to pokeweed mitogen stimulation. adherent monocytes or alveolar macrophages added to purified lymphocyte preparations at 10% or less were able to restore the transformation response. exposure of alveolar macrophages or purified lymphocytes to 2 bovine respiratory syncytial virus strains for 24 hours substantially reduced the ...19921315492
isolation of parainfluenza virus type 3 from cerebrospinal fluid. 19921316416
comparative analysis of the immunostimulatory properties of different adjuvants on the immunogenicity of a prototype parainfluenza virus type 3 subunit vaccine.the immunogenicity of a parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) subunit vaccine consisting of affinity-purified haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) and fusion (f) surface glycoproteins was tested in guinea-pigs and hamsters. the ability of several different immunopotentiating agents to enhance the antibody response of animals to the piv-3 surface glycoproteins was evaluated. the immunity induced by hn and f alone was compared with the response elicited by purified proteins combined with freund's comple ...19921317984
cold-passaged human parainfluenza type 3 viruses contain ts and non-ts mutations leading to attenuation in rhesus monkeys.cold-passaged (cp) mutants derived from the js strain of wild type wt parainfluenza type 3 virus (piv3) are being evaluated as candidate live virus vaccines. the wt virus was serially passaged 45 times at low temperature and mutant clones with the cold-adapted (ca), temperature-sensitive (ts), and attenuation (att) phenotypes were selected following passage levels 12, 18 and 45 (cp12, cp18, and cp45). the cp45 virus was more ts than the cp12 or cp18 mutants, although all 3 mutant viruses were cl ...19921320790
function and immunogenicity of human parainfluenza virus 3 glycoproteins expressed by recombinant adenoviruses.human parainfluenza virus type 3 fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) cdna sequences were inserted into the e3 region of the adenovirus type 5 genome. cells infected with recombinant adenoviruses containing hpiv3 f (adf) and hn (adhn) sequences were shown to express hpiv3 f and hn proteins that were functional and immunogenic. the hn protein produced following adhn infection was glycosylated, expressed on the surface of infected cells and exhibited both hemagglutinin and neuraminidase ...19921320799
sequence analysis of the large (l) protein of simian virus 5.the complete nucleotide sequence of the large (l) protein gene of simian virus 5 (sv5) was determined from cdna of the genomic rna and mrna, and found to be 6804 bases in length, exclusive of a poly(a) tract. the sequence contained an open reading frame of 6765 nucleotides encoding 2255 amino acids. results of dot matrix comparisons of the l protein of sv5 with those of human parainfluenza type 3 virus and sendai virus indicated that there are five conserved domains, and that each domain contain ...19921321873
evaluation of a live attenuated, cold-adapted parainfluenza virus type 3 vaccine in children.cold passage 18 (cp18) parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) vaccine was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of 95 infants and young children. none of 19 seropositive older children 41 to 124 months old became infected when 10(6) 50% tissue culture infective doses (tcid50) of vaccine virus was administered intranasally. two of nine and seven of twenty-four young seropositive children given 10(5) or 10(6) tcid50 of cp18 piv-3, respectively, became infected. each of four ...19921323576
dual infection with pneumocystis carinii and respiratory viruses complicating bone marrow transplantation.pneumonia due to dual infection with pneumocystis carinii and respiratory viruses is a rare but formidable complication of bone marrow transplantation. we report here two cases of viral infections complicating p. carinii pneumonia in bone marrow transplant recipients who, at the time of infection, were not taking p. carinii prophylaxis. both patients died following the pneumonia. potential factors contributing to the dual infection included graft-versus-host disease, high-dose steroids and cyclo ...19921324758
virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in the guinea pig can be transferred by bronchoalveolar cells.for the investigation of whether inflammatory cells were responsible for virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, tracheal spirals from healthy guinea pigs were incubated in organ baths with different numbers of bronchoalveolar cells obtained from guinea pigs 4 days after their inoculation with parainfluenza-3 (p-3) virus or control solution. airway responsiveness was measured by performance of histamine concentration/response (c/r) curves on the tissues. preparations incubated with 5 x 10(5) c ...19921326573
fusion properties of cells infected with human parainfluenza virus type 3: receptor requirements for viral spread and virus-mediated membrane fusion.cells can be persistently infected with human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpf3) by using a high multiplicity of infection (moi) (> or = 5 pfu per cell). the persistently infected cells exhibit no cytopathic effects and do not fuse with each other, yet they readily fuse with uninfected cells. we have previously shown that the failure of the persistently infected cells to fuse with each other is due to the lack of a receptor on these cells for the viral hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein, an ...19921328668
the complete nucleotide sequence of the js strain of human parainfluenza virus type 3: comparison with the wash/47885/57 prototype strain.the nucleotide sequence of the js strain of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) was determined from a series of 14 overlapping cdna clones and was compared to that of the previously sequenced prototype piv3 strain, wash/47885/57 (galinski, 1991). overall, there were 630 (4%) nucleotide differences between the two viruses. 15462 nucleotides comprised the js genome in contrast to 15463 which constituted the genome of the prototype virus. this was accounted for by a single nucleotide deletion i ...19921329377
[the effect of influenza and para-influenza on the course of ischemic heart disease].a retrospective analysis was made of 541 case reports of patients with coronary heart disease admitted to the infectious department with the diagnosis of influenza (n-387) and parainfluenza (n-154). in all the patients, the diagnosis was verified serologically with the aid of the hemagglutination inhibition test, with a 4-fold and greater increase of the antibody titer in the serum. in part of the patients, it was confirmed by the above test combined with immunofluorescence in examining rhinopha ...19921332205
monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for immunohistochemical detection of bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus in frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.accurate identification of bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus in bovine respiratory disease requires dependable, sensitive, and specific techniques for detection in affected animals. immunohistochemical testing can be a rapid and reliable means of demonstration of virus in tissues from suspect cases; however, this procedure is dependent upon the quality of the antisera directed against the viral antigens. the production of rabbit polyclonal and murine monoclonal antibodies directed against bovine ...19921333816
studies on the epidemiology of child infections. 3. parainfluenza viruses (types 1-4) and respiratory syncytial virus infections.a seroepidemiological study on the rate of neutralizing antibodies for parainfluenza viruses (types 1-4) and for the respiratory syncytial virus in 2,514 infants and children between 0 and 15 years, residing in bari and its hinterland was carried out. positive results were very high for both the individual parainfluenza serotypes (81.7% for type 3, 78.0% for type 1, 76.6% for type 4, 71.9% for type 2) and for respiratory syncytial virus (88.5%). the pattern of infections due to respiratory syncy ...19921335108
serological titers to bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, parainfluenza 3 virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus and pasteurella haemolytica in feedlot calves with respiratory disease: associations with bacteriological and pulmonary cytological variables.acute and convalescent serum samples were taken from 59 calves with signs of respiratory disease (cases) and 60 clinically normal animals (controls) during their first month in the feedlot. sera were analyzed for antibodies to bovine parainfluenza 3 (pi3) virus by hemagglutination inhibition, to bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus, bovine respiratory syncytial (brs) virus and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) by virus neutralization, and to pasteurella haemolytica by indirect agglutination (phia) and cy ...19921335831
virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs in vivo: study of broncho-alveolar cell number and activity.recently, we demonstrated that an increased airway responsiveness in vitro can be measured 4, 8, and 16 days, but not 2 days, after intratracheal inoculation of parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus to guinea pigs. in the present study airway responsiveness was measured in vivo, and the number, types and activity of broncho-alveolar cells was determined. a significant increase in airflow resistance was measured in spontaneously breathing anesthetized guinea pigs in response to histamine and methacholine, ...19921335883
target recognition by bovine mononuclear, mhc-unrestricted cytotoxic cells.a population of bovine non b/non t, cytotoxic lymphocytes with natural killer activity against virus-infected and non-infected embryonic kidney cells was functionally characterized. the data obtained in experiments of flow cytometry and immuno-peroxidase staining show that a cd2-, cd4-, cd8-, tcr gamma delta-, cd3+, cd45+, fcr+ lymphoid killer cell does exist within bovine peripheral blood leucocytes. this population can detect the down-regulation of class i mhc antigens or the expression of emb ...19921336249
[the improvement of the immunodiagnosis of para-influenza infection based on erythrocyte reagents].study of different methods of hemosensitization helped detect the optimum technology for the preparation of parainfluenza (type 3) antigenic erythrocyte diagnosticum. this technology ensures the highest sensitivity, specificity, economy (with respect to viral antigen consumption) and stability of the reagent. titration of antibodies by means of the new diagnosticum and the detection of parainfluenza cases among children with acute respiratory virus infections, acute and chronic glomerulonephriti ...19921379772
in vitro virucidal effects of allium sativum (garlic) extract and compounds.garlic (allium sativum) has been shown to have antiviral activity, but the compounds responsible have not been identified. using direct pre-infection incubation assays, we determined the in vitro virucidal effects of fresh garlic extract, its polar fraction, and the following garlic associated compounds: diallyl thiosulfinate (allicin), allyl methyl thiosulfinate, methyl allyl thiosulfinate, ajoene, alliin, deoxyalliin, diallyl disulfide, and diallyl trisulfide. activity was determined against s ...19921470664
effects of protease inhibitors on replication of various myxoviruses.we studied the effects of eight protease inhibitors on the multicycle replications of various orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses. among the compounds, nafamostat mesilate, camostat mesilate, gabexate mesilate, and aprotinin, which are widely used in the treatment of pancreatitis, inhibited influenza virus a and b replication at concentrations that were significantly lower than their cytotoxic thresholds in vitro. none of the protease inhibitors had activity against respiratory syncytial virus, ...19921510439
the nucleotide sequence of the l gene of marburg virus, a filovirus: homologies with paramyxoviruses and rhabdoviruses.the nucleotide sequence of the l gene of marburg virus, strain musoke, has been determined. the l gene has a single long open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 2330 amino acids (mw 267,175) that represents the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase. the putative transcription start signal (3'cuaccuauaauu 5') and the termination signal (3' uaauucuuuuu 5') of the gene could be identified. computer-assisted comparison of the l protein with l proteins of other nonsegmented negative-stranded rna vi ...19921546452
biological activity of paramyxovirus fusion proteins: factors influencing formation of syncytia.the fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) were expressed individually or coexpressed in cv-1 cells by using sv40-based vectors and recombinant vaccinia viruses. the extent of detectable fusion in a syncytium formation assay was found to be affected by the expression system used. in addition, when hn was coexpressed with f, it was found that the expression vector system influenced the contribution of hn in forming syncytia. the abi ...19921602561
molecular evolution of human paramyxoviruses. nucleotide sequence analyses of the human parainfluenza type 1 virus np and m protein genes and construction of phylogenetic trees for all the human paramyxoviruses.the nucleotide sequences of the np and m genes of human parainfluenza type 1 virus (hpiv-1) were determined. the np gene was 1677 nucleotides long excluding polyadenylic acid. the np gene contained a single large open reading frame (orf), which encoded a polypeptide of 524 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 57,736. the m gene 1173 nucleotides long excluding the poly(a) tract and the sequence also contained a single large orf which encoded a polypeptide of 348 amino acid with a mol ...19921605738
effect of parainfluenza infection on gas exchange and frc response to anesthesia in sheep.we examined the interaction of viral pneumonitis with the respiratory effects of halothane/n2o anesthesia in six tracheostomized sheep. ventilation-perfusion (va/q) distribution, pulmonary artery pressure (pap), metabolic rate (vo2), and functional residual capacity (frc) measurements were compared in awake and anesthetized animals before and 1 week after inoculation by tracheal instillation of ovine parainfluenza type-3 (pi-3) virus. awake shunt (va/q less than 0.005) was 0.6 +/- 0.4% (+/- stan ...19911645937
parainfluenza virus infection damages inhibitory m2 muscarinic receptors on pulmonary parasympathetic nerves in the guinea-pig.1. the effect of viral infection on the function of neuronal m2 muscarinic autoreceptors in the lungs was studied in anaesthetized guinea-pigs. 2. guinea-pigs were inoculated intranasally with either parainfluenza type 3 or with a vehicle control. four days later the animals were anaesthetized, paralysed and artificially ventilated. pulmonary inflation pressure, tidal volume, blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded. both vagus nerves were cut and electrical stimulation of the distal portion ...19911646059
the fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoproteins of human parainfluenza virus 3 are both required for fusion.recombinant vaccinia viruses, vf and vhn, expressing the fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins of human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv3) were constructed. infection of hela t4 cells with vf and vhn led to the synthesis of glycoproteins, with the correct apparent molecular weights, that were recognized by monoclonal antibodies specific for hpiv3f and hn. the hn glycoprotein was present on the surface of cells infected with vhn and these cells demonstrated both hemadsorbing an ...19911647076
properties of human parainfluenza virus type 3 rna polymerase/replicase activity in vitro: consensus with other negative-stranded rna viruses.a cell-free system supporting transcription, replication, and nucleocapsid assembly of the genome rna of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpf3) is described. cytoplasmic extracts from infected cv-1 or bhk cells catalyzed the transcription of the entire hpf3 genome, the replication of genome rna, and the assembly of this rna into nucleocapsidlike structures. newly replicated rna was resistant to micrococcal nuclease digestion and was stable in cscl gradients, exhibiting the density of authentic ...19911649342
defective interfering particles of human parainfluenza virus type 3 are associated with persistent infection in cell culture.cv-1 cell lines persistently infected with human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpf3) contain one or more distinct subgenomic rnas in addition to standard viral genomes. these rnas are shown to be the genomes of defective-interfering (di) particles of the virus; they are present in particles in the culture fluid, and they interfere with the growth of wild-type virus. removal of the particles from the culture fluid by ultracentrifugation yields a supernatant fluid free from inhibitory activity, demo ...19911649512
changes in phospholipids of alveolar lining material in calves after aerosol exposure to bovine herpesvirus-1 or parainfluenza-3 virus.pulmonary lavage samples were collected from 90- to 130-day-old calves before and 6 days after aerosol inoculation with bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) or parainfluenza-3 (pi3) virus. alveolar lining material was separated from lavage fluids by high-speed centrifugation and phospholipids were extracted from alveolar lining material and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were 74.2 +/- 6.5% and 13.3 +/- 2.8%, respectively, of the total ...19911649560
parainfluenza virus pneumonitis in an adult.parainfluenza virus uncommonly causes fatal giant cell pneumonia in immunocompromised infants and children. to our knowledge, this is the first adult case of parainfluenza virus pneumonia. a 77-year-old woman who was diagnosed as having small-cell carcinoma of the lung underwent chemotherapy. she died of lung edema. analysis of her serum showed antibodies to parainfluenza virus types 2 and 3 at titers of 1:64 and 1:128, respectively. the postmortem examination revealed giant cell pneumonia, in w ...19911650545
evaluation of bovine, cold-adapted human, and wild-type human parainfluenza type 3 viruses in adult volunteers and in chimpanzees.in an attempt to evaluate the level of attenuation of live parainfluenza type 3 virus (piv3) vaccine candidates, we compared the responses of partially immune adult volunteers inoculated intranasally with 10(6) to 10(7) 50% tissue culture infective dose (tcid50) of bovine piv3 (n = 18) or cold-adapted (ca) piv3 (n = 37) with those of 28 adults administered 10(6) to 10(7) tcid50 of wild-type piv3. the candidate vaccine viruses and the wild-type virus were avirulent and poorly infectious for these ...19911650789
replication of parainfluenza type-3 virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus in isolated bovine type-ii alveolar epithelial cells.the objectives of our research were to determine whether bovine pulmonary type-ii alveolar epithelial cells could be isolated from bovine lung and maintained in tissue culture and to determine whether isolated bovine type-ii alveolar epithelial cells would support productive viral replication of bovine parainfluenza type-3 virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus. type-ii alveolar epithelial cells were isolated from lungs of 4- to 7-day-old male holstein calves by enzymatic dissociation of p ...19911652906
unilateral bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia and bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophilia in a patient with parainfluenza 3 virus infection. 19911653446
serological survey for antibodies to parainfluenza-3 virus in sheep in chile. 19911653480
evaluation of the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a candidate parainfluenza virus type 3 subunit vaccine in cotton rats.a parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) subunit vaccine consisting of detergent-solubilized, affinity-purified haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) and fusion (f) surface glycoproteins was tested in cotton rats for immunogenicity, short-term effects on virus-induced immunopathology and protective efficacy. groups of animals were immunized twice, 4 weeks apart, with graded doses of vaccine administered either alone or with aluminium phosphate (alpo4). the minimum immunogenic dose of vaccine was 0.1 micr ...19911654680
isolation of adenovirus from lambs with upper respiratory syndrome.the role of viruses in the etiology of recurrent upper respiratory disease in newly weaned lambs was studied during 1984-1985 at the north dakota sheep experiment station. serum samples collected from lambs at weaning, from lambs with signs of respiratory disease, and 3 weeks following the onset of clinical signs were tested for antibodies to ovine adenovirus (oav), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and parainfluenza type-3 virus (pi-3). virus isolation studies were performed on nasal secretion ...19911655060
potential role of hands in the spread of respiratory viral infections: studies with human parainfluenza virus 3 and rhinovirus 14.hands often become contaminated with respiratory viruses, either directly or through contact with contaminated surfaces. spread of such viruses could then occur by touching the nasal mucosa or the conjunctivae. in this quantitative study, we compared the survival of mucin-suspended human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv-3) and rhinovirus 14 (rv-14) and the transfer of the viruses to and from the fingers of adult volunteers. when each finger pad was contaminated with 10 microliters of either hpiv-3 (1 ...19911658033
brief report: parainfluenza virus type 3 infections: findings in sydney and some observations on variations in seasonality world-wide.parainfluenza virus type 3 (para 3) is an important childhood pathogen causing a significant amount of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants. virus data were analysed over a twelve-year period (1978-1989), and a peak incidence of infection was observed in spring as in houston, usa, unlike in the united kingdom where summer epidemics appear to be the norm. the temperature ranges were analysed in the different study areas during para 3 epidemics and similar ranges in temperature were noted which ...19911658220
protection of cotton rats by immunization with the human parainfluenza virus type 3 fusion (f) glycoprotein expressed on the surface of insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus.the antigenicity, immunogenicity and efficacy of the human piv3 fusion (f) glycoprotein expressed in insect cells by a baculovirus vector were studied. the results indicate that the piv3 f glycoprotein expressed by a recombinant baculovirus is antigenically authentic as determined using a panel of piv3 f specific monoclonal antibodies. only a low level of antibody was stimulated by immunization of animals with infected cells, but the antibody appeared to be of high quality. immunized animals wer ...19911659054
effects of 4-ipomeanol on bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus-induced pneumonia in calves.previous research has demonstrated that 4-ipomeanol toxicosis can enhance the severity of para-influenza virus-induced pneumonia in mice. the objectives of this study were to determine whether calves are susceptible to 4-ipomeanol-induced enhancement of parainfluenza type 3 viral pneumonia and to determine whether 4-ipomeanol alters pulmonary replication of parainfluenza virus. male holstein calves were injected with either 4-ipomeanol (3 mg/kg) or vehicle (polyethylene glycol) 3 days prior to i ...19911661042
serologic survey of white-tailed deer on anticosti island, quebec for bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhea, and parainfluenza 3.in 1985 unusual mortality was observed among the 3- to 4-yr-old white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) on anticosti island, québec (canada). a viral pathogen was suspected to be the cause of the deaths. thus, a serologic survey for bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus and parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus was conducted. we examined 396 deer sera from 1985. results indicated that the high mortality mainly afflicted 3- to 4-yr-old deer. in 1985, 57% of deer sampled were s ...19911661783
congenital hydrocephalus in suckling hamsters caused by transplacental infection with parainfluenza virus type 3.the possible occurrence of congenital hydrocephalus by viral infection of the mother was examined by inoculating pregnant hamsters intravenously with parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3). we could produce congenital hydrocephalus in littermates born to a mother which had been inoculated into the left cervical vein on the 14th day of pregnancy. this result may indicate that the virus could pass through the placenta to arrive at the fetus, and infect the central nervous system.19911664659
in vitro and in vivo 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity induced by recombinant dna-derived bovine interferon alpha i1 in bovine alveolar macrophages and blood mononuclear cells.biological responses to recombinant dna-derived bovine interferon alpha (rboifn-alpha i1) by bovine alveolar macrophages were examined by measuring viral yield reduction and 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2',5'-oas) production by ifn-treated cells. in vitro ifn pretreatment of alveolar macrophages reduced viral yield in cultures challenged exposed with parainfluenza-3 virus, compared with control cultures. in vitro treatment of alveolar macrophages with ifn also resulted in increased 2',5'-oas ...19911664669
[the modelling of a persistent parainfluenza infection].a model of parainfluenza persistent infection was developed in guinea pigs, based on the use of the suckling-adapted virus and an immunosuppressor cyclophosphan. the latter increased the titre of virus and its antigen and duration of their detection in the organs, but the dynamics of these findings was different, and also delayed the time of appearance and slightly prolonged the period of detection of antibody.19911666475
[the antiviral activity of deitiforin in experimental para-influenza infection].deitiforin in hep-2 cell culture was shown to inhibit replication of the reference piv-3 strain when administered 1 hour before virus inoculation. the most marked effect of the drug was observed in the first 4 days of observation. in experimental newborn mice infected with parainfluenza virus 3 deitiforin protected the animals from developing the infection. in humans given deitiforin reaction to vaccination was found to develop 5-6 times more rarely than in the control group, piv-3 could be isol ...19911666476
effects of zinc methionine and zinc oxide on performance, blood characteristics, and antibody titer response to viral vaccination in stressed feeder calves.ninety steers with an average weight of 214 kg were purchased at 2 feeder calf sales and transported 70 to 100 km. on arrival at the feedlot, steers were weighed and identified, blood was withdrawn, and the steers were vaccinated against bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) and parainfluenza3 (pi3), using a modified live vaccine, and randomly assigned to treatment groups. treatments were: control (no supplemental zinc; zinc methionine; and zinc oxide. the control diet contained 26 mg of zinc/kg diet, an ...19911667527
longitudinal study of acute respiratory diseases in rio de janeiro: occurrence of respiratory viruses during four consecutive years.the occurrence of different viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions from children less than 5 years old with acute respiratory infections (ari) was investigated over a period of 4 years (1982-1985) in rio de janeiro. of the viruses known to be associated with ari, all but influenza c and parainfluenza types 1, 2 and 4 were found. viruses were found more frequently in children attending emergency or pediatric wards than in outpatients. this was clearly related to the high incidence of respiratory sy ...19911668974
parainfluenza virus type 3: surveillance. 19911669815
studies of natural population variability of parainfluenza viruses during their epidemic circulation.the population of circulating serotype 3 parainfluenza virus strains isolated in different years proved to be sufficiently polymorphic concerning its antigenic and biological features as well as their virulence for newborn hamsters. the highly virulent strain population appeared to have an antigenic pattern different from that of the prototype strain. the epidemic caused by it in groups of school and preschool children was more intensive as compared to that induced by avirulent strains populatio ...19911683117
the nucleoproteins of human parainfluenza virus type 1 and sendai virus share amino acid sequences and antigenic and structural determinants.the complete nucleotide sequence of the nucleoprotein (np) gene of human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hpiv-1) was determined from a cdna clone of mrna. the mrna is 1683 nucleotides long (excluding polyadenylic acid) and encodes a protein of 524 amino acids with a predicted mr of 57,548. an amino acid identity of 83% was predicted between the nps of the human pathogen hpiv-1 and the murine paramyxovirus, sendai virus, compared to 72% similarity at the level of the nucleotide sequence. in contrast, ...19911707951
homooligomerization of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of human parainfluenza virus type 3 occurs before the acquisition of correct intramolecular disulfide bonds and mature immunoreactivity.the posttranslational maturation of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein of human parainfluenza type 3 virus (piv3) was investigated in pulse-chase experiments in which folding was monitored by immunoprecipitation with conformation-dependent antibodies and gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions and oligomerization was monitored by chemical cross-linking and sedimentation in sucrose gradients. the acquisition of mature immunoreactivity and the formation of correct intramole ...19911707981
neutralizing epitopes of human parainfluenza virus type 3 are conformational and cannot be imitated by synthetic peptides.the possibility that linear epitopes on the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) surface glycoprotein of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) might induce neutralizing antibodies after virus infection was investigated. thirty-seven peptides, representing 64% of the extramembranous portion of the hn molecule of piv-3, were synthesized. their ability to bind to 14 neutralizing murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for hn or 26 high-titre human serum samples were tested in a direct enzyme-l ...19911711742
the effect of some physical and serological treatments on haemofusing activity of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3.bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 irrespective of the time of its harvesting from madin-darby bovine kidney cells, expressed little or no haemofusing activity. treatment of the virus by freezing and thawing, sonication or antibody and complement enhanced this activity. moreover haemofusing activity did not correlate with the viral capacity for fusion of susceptible cells in monolayer cultures.19911725092
gene expression of nonsegmented negative strand rna viruses.nonsegmented negative strand rna viruses comprise major human and animal pathogens in nature. this class of viruses is ubiquitous and infects vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. our laboratory has been working on the gene expression of two prototype nonsegmented negative strand rna viruses, vesicular stomatitis virus (a rhabdovirus) and human parainfluenza virus 3 (a paramyxovirus). an rna-dependent rna polymerase (l and p protein) is packaged within the virion which faithfully copies the ge ...19911771177
pathogenesis of human parainfluenza virus 3 infection in two species of cotton rats: sigmodon hispidus develops bronchiolitis, while sigmodon fulviventer develops interstitial pneumonia.human parainfluenza virus 3 replicates well in the noses and lungs of two species of cotton rats, sigmodon hispidus and sigmodon fulviventer. peak viral titers of nearly 10(6) pfu/g are reached 2 days after infection in both tissues, are maintained through day 5, and are equivalent in the two species. infectious virus is eliminated by day 8 after infection. both species produce a strong neutralizing antibody response with titers of 1:10,000 4 weeks after infection. viral replication in the nasal ...19911845878
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