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complete genome sequence of a recombinant nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus strain in china.recently, nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) outbreaks have occurred in commercial broiler flocks and have been associated with a high incidence and morbidity in china. the ck/ch/zhejiang/06/10 strain (ibv-yx10) was isolated from a 12-day-old broiler chicken in a flock of chickens with swollen speckled kidneys and distended ureters filled with uric acid in china in 2010. here we reported the complete genomic sequence of the ibv-yx10 which was a natural recombinant nephropathogeni ...201223166232
avian infectious bronchitis and deep pectoral myopathy - a case control study.infectious bronchitis is caused by a coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). infectious bronchitis is an acute and highly contagious disease of economic importance due to the reduction in weight gain observed with infected broilers and the drop in egg quality and production associated with infected laying hens. the presence of deep pectoral myopathy has been associated with ibv variants. this lesion is detected at slaughterhouses and is characterized by paleness and atrophy of the deep p ...201223155012
isolation and molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis virus from recent outbreaks in broiler flocks reveals emergence of novel strain in india.in this study, two isolates of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) from field outbreaks in 2008 (india/lkw/56/ivri/08) and 2010 (india/nmk/72/ivri/10) from broiler chickens in india were isolated and characterized. reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the entire s1 gene revealed that these isolates belong to two different genotypes, india/lkw/56/ivri/08 as mass strain whereas india/nmk/72/ivri/10 as of different genotype. nucleotide sequencing ...201222573006
a single polar residue and distinct membrane topologies impact the function of the infectious bronchitis coronavirus e protein.the coronavirus e protein is a small membrane protein with a single predicted hydrophobic domain (hd), and has a poorly defined role in infection. the e protein is thought to promote virion assembly, which occurs in the golgi region of infected cells. it has also been implicated in the release of infectious particles after budding. the e protein has ion channel activity in vitro, although a role for channel activity in infection has not been established. furthermore, the membrane topology of the ...201222570613
pathogenesis and tissue distribution of avian infectious bronchitis virus isolate irfibv32 (793/b serotype) in experimentally infected broiler chickens.infectious bronchitis (ib) is one of the most important viral diseases of poultry. the aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of avian infectious bronchitis virus isolate irfibv32 (793/b serotype) in experimentally infected chicken. ninety-one-day-old commercial broilers were divided randomly into two groups (seventy in the experimental and twenty in the control group). chicks in the experimental group were inoculated intranasally with 10(5) eld50/0.1 ml of the virus at three week ...201222566769
genetic diversity of avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus in recent years in china.fifty-six isolates of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were obtained from different field outbreaks in china in 2010, and they were genotyped by comparison with 19 reference strains in the present study. the results showed that lx4-type isolates are still the predominant ibvs circulating in chicken flocks in china, and these isolates could be grouped further into two clusters. viruses in each cluster had favored amino acid residues at different positions in the s1 subunit of the spike pro ...201222545524
the presence of viral subpopulations in an infectious bronchitis virus vaccine with differing pathogenicity--a preliminary study.there are currently four commercially available vaccines in australia to protect chickens against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). predominantly, ibv causes clinical signs associated with respiratory or kidney disease, which subsequently cause an increase in mortality rate. three of the current vaccines belong to the same subgroup (subgroup 1), however, the vics vaccine has been reported to cause an increased vaccinal reaction compared to the other subgroup 1 vaccines. molecular anomalies dete ...201222542436
immunopathological effects of experimental t-2 mycotoxocosis in broiler chicken co-infected with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv).a total of 128 1-week-old chicks were classified into four groups; t-2 toxin fed (t-2), ibv infected (ibv), t-2 toxin fed and co-infected with ibv (t-2+ibv), and untreated (control) for a period of 6 weeks. within their respective groups, the birds belonged to t-2 and t-2+ibv were exposed to 2 ppm of t-2 toxin contaminated feed for 6 weeks, and 0.2 ml of 10 eid(50) (10(5.69)/0.2 ml) inoculums of ibv isolate (india/lkw/56/ivri/08) was used to challenge the chicks belonged to ibv alone and t-2+ibv ...201222483992
proteomics analysis of differentially expressed proteins in chicken trachea and kidney after infection with the highly virulent and attenuated coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in vivo.infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is first to be discovered coronavirus which is probably endemic in all regions with intensive impact on poultry production. in this study, we used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) and two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2-dige), coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (maldi-tof/tof-ms), to explore the global proteome profiles of trachea and kidney tissues from chicken at ...201222463732
characterization and analysis of the full-length genome of a strain of the european qx-like genotype of infectious bronchitis virus.in recent years, strains of infectious bronchitis virus belonging to the qx-like genotype have been causing huge economic losses in commercial chicken flocks in different countries in europe. in order to expand the knowledge of the molecular features of these viruses, we have sequenced and characterized the complete genome of european qx-like ibv strain ck/swe/0658946/10, which was isolated in 2010 in sweden. the genome is 27664 nucleotides in length, comprising six genes and 5' and 3' untransla ...201222421962
deoxynivalenol as a contaminant of broiler feed: effects on bird performance and response to common vaccines.recent data suggest that fusarium trichothecenes may reduce broiler performance at levels previously thought not to affect this variable in chickens. in the present study, we investigated the effects of deoxynivalenol (don), a type-b trichothecene, on broilers. male broilers at 7 d of age were fed either a basal diet (0.265 ± 0.048 mg of don; 0.013 ± 0.001 mg of zearalenone/kg), a low don diet (1.68 mg of don/kg; 0.145 ± 0.007 mg of zearalenone/kg), or a high don diet (12.209 ± 1.149 mg of don/k ...201222399723
ameliorative effect of a microbial feed additive on infectious bronchitis virus antibody titer and stress index in broiler chicks fed deoxynivalenol.although acute mycotoxicoses are rare in poultry production, chronic exposure to low levels of mycotoxins is responsible for reduced productivity and increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. deoxynivalenol (don) is known to modulate immune function, but only a few studies have investigated the effect of don on the vaccinal immune response. in addition, the effects of mycofix select (biomin gmbh, herzogenburg, austria) supplementation to don-contaminated broiler diets have not yet been de ...201222399717
binding of the 5'-untranslated region of coronavirus rna to zinc finger cchc-type and rna-binding motif 1 enhances viral replication and transcription.coronaviruses rna synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm and is regulated by host cell proteins. in a screen based on a yeast three-hybrid system using the 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr) of sars coronavirus (sars-cov) rna as bait against a human cdna library derived from hela cells, we found a positive candidate cellular protein, zinc finger cchc-type and rna-binding motif 1 (madp1), to be able to interact with this region of the sars-cov genome. this interaction was subsequently confirmed in corona ...201222362731
first evidence of the emergence of novel putative infectious bronchitis virus genotypes in cuba.the emergence of new infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) genotypes or serotypes along with the poor cross-protection observed among ibv serotypes have complicated the avian infectious bronchitis (ib) control programs in different geographic regions. in cuba, the lack of genetic information regarding ibv and the increasing epidemiological importance of this virus in cuban chicken flocks demand further characterization of ibv isolates. in the present work, studies of genetic diversity and phylogenet ...201222357366
immune response of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with different level of chromium methionine under heat stress conditions.the objectives of this study were to investigate the immune responses of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with different level of chromium methionine (crmet) in heat stress (hs) condition. two hundred and eighty eight male broiler chickens (ross 308) were allocated to four treatment groups (supplementation with 0, 200, 400 or 800 ppb cr in the form of crmet) in a completely randomized design. the experiment was conducted at heat stressed condition and all birds were kept under temperature ...201225049559
functional transcriptional regulatory sequence (trs) rna binding and helix destabilizing determinants of murine hepatitis virus (mhv) nucleocapsid (n) protein.coronavirus (cov) nucleocapsid (n) protein contains two structurally independent rna binding domains. these are denoted n-terminal domain (ntd) and c-terminal domain and are joined by a charged linker region rich in serine and arginine residues (sr linker). in mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), the ntd binds the transcriptional regulatory sequence (trs) rna, a conserved hexanucleotide sequence required for subgenomic rna synthesis. the ntd is also capable of disrupting a short rna duplex. we show here ...201222241479
presence of infectious bronchitis virus strain ck/ch/ldl/97i in the middle east.infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a very dynamic and evolving virus, causing major economic losses to the global poultry industry. in early 2011, respiratory disease outbreaks were investigated in iraq, jordan, and saudi arabia. five ibv isolates (joa2, joa4, saudi-1, saudi-2, and iraqi ibv) were detected by diagnostic-nested nucleocapsid rt-pcr. strain identification was characterised by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the amplified hypervariable region of the spike 1 (s1) gene. thes ...201223738118
comparative dynamic distribution of avian infectious bronchitis virus m41, h120, and saibk strains by quantitative real-time rt-pcr in spf chickens.avian infectious bronchitis is an acute, highly contagious disease of chickens. to study the differences of dynamic distribution between nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strains such as saibk and other strains (the m41 and h120 strains), relative quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was developed by housekeeping gene selection. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and ubiquitin were chosen for normalization in this experimental set. then ni ...201223221700
comparative genomics of korean infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) and an animal model to evaluate pathogenicity of ibvs to the reproductive organs.the k-i and nephropathogenic k-ii genotypes of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) have been isolated since 1995 and 1990, respectively, in korea and commercial inactivated oil-emulsion vaccines containing km91 (k-ii type) and massachusetts 41 strains have been used in the field. to date, genomic analyses of korean ibv strains and animal models to test the pathogenicity of korean ibvs to the reproductive organs have been rare. in the present study, comparative genomics of snu8067 (k-i type) and km ...201223202499
Phylogenetic analysis of S1 gene of infectious bronchitis virus isolates from China.Between 2006 and 2009, seven strains of infectious bronchitis (IB) virus (IBV) were isolated from vaccinated chicken flocks on different chicken farms in China. The pathogenic characters of seven IBV strains were assessed. Each of the seven strains was infective to the test chickens and could induce an immune response. The results from chicken embryo cross-neutralization assays showed that these strains were antigenically distinct from classic IBV strains of H120, M41, Conn, and Gray. Compared t ...201122017046
a 15-year analysis of molecular epidemiology of avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus in china.a comprehensive study of the epidemiology and pathogenicity of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in china was carried out by molecular characterization of the s1 gene from 46 isolates obtained for this study and 174 reference strains isolated over a 15-year period. nine types were found according to sequence analysis and phylogenetic study of the s1 gene. the co-circulation of multiple ibv types and the ongoing emergence of ibv variants are the epidemiological challenges in china. factors contri ...201120833270
development of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.in this study, a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was developed for detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). six primers were designed to amplify the nucleocapsid (n) gene of pedv. the optimization, sensitivity, and specificity of the rt-lamp were investigated. the results showed that the optimal reaction condition for rt-lamp amplifying pedv n gene was achieved at 63°c for 50 min. the rt-lamp assay was more sensitive than gel-based rt-pcr and en ...201121286798
forsythoside a inhibits the avian infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture.forsythoside a is a polyphenolic constituent of the fruits of forsythia suspensa vahl. which is widely used as an antiinflammatory agent in traditional chinese medicine. in the present study, the effects of forsythoside a on cell infection by avian infectious bronchitis virus were assessed. a real-time fluorescence quantitative pcr assay was used to determine mrna content of ibv n gene. the pretreatment of cells with forsythoside a, adding forsythoside a post infection of cells, and treatment of ...201120677175
evaluation of recombinant fowlpox virus expressing infectious bronchitis virus s1 gene and chicken interferon-γ gene for immune protection against heterologous strains.a recombinant fowlpox virus (rfpv-ifnγs1) that co-expressed the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) s1 gene and the chicken interferon-γ gene has been constructed. to evaluate the efficacy of the recombinant fowlpox virus vaccine against heterotypic ibv strains, 60 4-week-old specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens were inoculated with this vaccine and 3 weeks post inoculation challenged with the homotypic ibv strain lx4 and the heterotypic ibv strains lhb, lhlj04xi, ltj95i and lsc99i. antibodies ag ...201121216313
an emerging recombinant cluster of nephropathogenic strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus in korea.the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is continuously evolving through point mutation and recombination of their genome, subsequently the emergence of ibv variants complicates disease control. the objective of this study was to investigate genetic characterization of new ibv variants isolated from commercial chicken flocks in korea collected between 2005 and 2010. phylogenetic analysis revealed that all new ibv isolates belonged to korean group ii (k-ii), which included the nephropathogenic ibv ...201121255688
protective immune responses induced by in ovo immunization with recombinant adenoviruses expressing spike (s1) glycoprotein of infectious bronchitis virus fused/co-administered with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor.infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) causes tremendous economic losses associated with production inefficiencies and mortality in poultry industry worldwide. in the present report, the recombinant adenoviruses expressing chicken granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (gm-csf) and s1 gene of nephropathogenic ibv were constructed and characterized. then, the immunological efficacy and protection against homologous ibv challenge were assessed in specific pathogen free (spf) chickens. the res ...201120850939
nephritis associated with infectious bronchitis virus cal99 variant in game chickens.infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) cal99 variant was isolated from the kidneys of seven 2-5-mo-old game chickens with nephritis and respiratory disease. ibv cal99 variant is usually associated with respiratory disease in broiler chickens in california. macroscopically, the majority of the birds had moderately to severely enlarged and mottled pale kidneys, with increased urates in the ureters. microscopically, most of the birds had acute nephrosis and interstitial nephritis. the birds also had sin ...201122017040
Molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis virus isolates from Russia and neighbouring countries: identification of intertypic recombination in the S1 gene.Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolates recovered in Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan between 2007 and 2010 were subjected to molecular characterization and compared with those isolated a decade ago. The IBV genome was detected in 202 out of 605 field samples from chickens with various clinical signs. Partial sequencing of the S1 gene revealed 153 vaccine strains and 49 field isolates of several genetic groups. Massachusetts, 793/B and D274 remained the predominant IBV genotypes along with QX, ...201121854179
profiling of substrate specificities of 3c-like proteases from group 1, 2a, 2b, and 3 coronaviruses.coronaviruses (covs) can be classified into alphacoronavirus (group 1), betacoronavirus (group 2), and gammacoronavirus (group 3) based on diversity of the protein sequences. their 3c-like protease (3cl(pro)), which catalyzes the proteolytic processing of the polyproteins for viral replication, is a potential target for anti-coronaviral infection.201122073294
Emergence of novel strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus in Sweden.Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes avian infectious bronchitis, an important disease that produces severe economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Recent IBV infections in Sweden have been associated with poor growth in broilers, drop in egg production and thin egg shells in layers. The complete spike gene of selected isolates from IBV cases was amplified and sequenced using conventional RT-PCR. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparisons have shown that the recent isolates be ...201122005179
Serotype and genotype diversity of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated during 1985-2008 in Guangxi, China.The genetic diversity of the hypervariable region I of S1 gene (HVR I) of infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccine strains H120, Ma5 and 4/91 was compared to that of 26 infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains isolated from the field in Guangxi province of China during the years 1985-2008, and the field isolates were classified into five major genotypes. Monovalent antisera against three vaccine strains and seven field isolates of different genotypes were prepared by immunizing rabbits with mineral o ...201122198411
Effects of immune stress on growth performance, immunity, and cecal microflora in chickens.Immune stress is the loss of immune homeostasis by external forces. This study investigated the effects of different types of immune stress on growth performance, immunity, and the distribution of cecal microflora in broiler chickens. In total, 540 one-day-old Cobb 500 broilers were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 5 (n = 108 birds/group) treatments: 1) no vaccination; 2) simplified vaccination, which included the infectious bronchitis vaccine (H120), the inactivated avian influenza vaccine (AI ...201122080012
Annexin A2 binds RNA and reduces the frameshifting efficiency of infectious bronchitis virus.Annexin A2 (ANXA2) is a protein implicated in diverse cellular functions, including exocytosis, DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. It was recently proposed to be involved in RNA metabolism because it was shown to associate with some cellular mRNA. Here, we identified ANXA2 as a RNA binding protein (RBP) that binds IBV (Infectious Bronchitis Virus) pseudoknot RNA. We first confirmed the binding of ANXA2 to IBV pseudoknot RNA by ultraviolet crosslinking and showed its binding to RNA pseudoknot ...201121918681
Coronavirus infection induces DNA replication stress partly through interaction of its nonstructural protein 13 with the p125 subunit of DNA polymerase d.Perturbation of cell cycle regulation is a characteristic feature of infection by many DNA and RNA viruses, including Coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). IBV infection was shown to induce cell cycle arrest at both S and G(2)/M phases for the enhancement of viral replication and progeny production. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well explored. In this study we show that activation of cellular DNA damage response is one of the mechanisms exploited by Coronavirus to induce ce ...201121918226
New insights on infectious bronchitis virus pathogenesis: characterization of Italy 02 serotype in chicks and adult hens.Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a worldwide disease affecting chickens of all ages and causing important economic losses in poultry industry. Despite being one of the predominant IB virus (IBV) serotype in several European countries, slightly is known about pathogenesis and pathogenicity of Italy 02 serotype. In this study chicks and old hens were infected by oculo-nasal route with Italy 02 serotype. Clinical signs, gross and microscopic findings were evaluated, viral nucleic acid detection was as ...201122172297
Detection of Chinese Q1 strain of infectious bronchitis virus in Europe. 201121856669
The SARS-coronavirus-host interactome: identification of cyclophilins as target for pan-coronavirus inhibitors.Coronaviruses (CoVs) are important human and animal pathogens that induce fatal respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurological disease. The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002/2003 has demonstrated human vulnerability to (Coronavirus) CoV epidemics. Neither vaccines nor therapeutics are available against human and animal CoVs. Knowledge of host cell proteins that take part in pivotal virus-host interactions could define broad-spectrum antiviral targets. In this study ...201122046132
regulation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and dual-specificity phosphatase 1 feedback loop modulates the induction of interleukin 6 and 8 in cells infected with coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus.induction of pro-inflammatory response is a crucial cellular process that detects and controls the invading viruses at early stages of the infection. along with other innate immunity, this nonspecific response would either clear the invading viruses or allow the adaptive immune system to establish an effective antiviral response at late stages of the infection. the objective of this study was to characterize cellular mechanisms exploited by coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) to regula ...201121959016
phylogenetic analysis of infectious bronchitis coronaviruses newly isolated in china, and pathogenicity and evaluation of protection induced by massachusetts serotype h120 vaccine against qx-like strains.seventy-eight isolates of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were obtained from different field outbreaks in china in 2009 and genotyped with 34 reference strains. four genotypes of ibv and three new isolates were identified by phylogenetic analysis and blast searches of the entire s1 gene. the results showed that most ibv strains that have circulated in china in recent years belong to the genotype of qx-like strains, and that they could be grouped further into two clusters, regardless of t ...201121331947
efficacy and safety of an attenuated live qx-like infectious bronchitis virus strain as a vaccine for chickens.the attenuation of infectious bronchitis (ib) qx-like virus strain l1148 is described. the virus was passaged multiple times in embryonated specific pathogen free (spf) chicken eggs, and at different passage levels samples were tested for safety for the respiratory tract and kidneys in 1-day-old spf chickens. there was a clear decrease in pathogenicity for the respiratory tract and kidneys when the virus had undergone a large number of passages. passage level 80 was investigated for safety for t ...201121331953
comparative anti-infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) activity of (-)-pinene: effect on nucleocapsid (n) protein.in the present study, anti-ibv (infectious bronchitis virus) activities of (-)-pinenes were studied by mtt assay, as well as docking and molecular dynamic (md) simulations. the cc50 values of (-)-a-pinene and (-)-ß-pinene were above 10 mm. and the maximum noncytotoxic concentrations (td0) of (-)-a-pinene and (-)-ß-pinene were determined as 7.88 ± 0.06 and 6.09 ± 0.31 mm, respectively. the two compounds were found to inhibit ibv with an ic50 of 0.98 ± 0.25 and 1.32 ± 0.11 mm. the mtt assay showed ...201121350392
development and immunogenicity of recombinant gapa(+) mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine strain ts-11 expressing infectious bronchitis virus-s1 glycoprotein and chicken interleukin-6.mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) is a major pathogen of poultry that causes chronic respiratory disease in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys. a live attenuated vaccine, ts-11, has been used for the control of mg in several countries. the efficacy of this vaccine is highly dose dependent and the flock antibody response is weak. to improve the functionality of the vaccine and investigate its potential as a delivery vector for foreign antigens and immunomodulatory proteins, we developed a d ...201121354248
proteomic analysis of chicken embryonic trachea and kidney tissues after infection in ovo by avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus. 201121385394
histopathological and immunohistochemical study of air sac lesions induced by two strains of infectious bronchitis virus.infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a highly contagious respiratory coronavirus of domestic chickens. although mortality is low, infection with ibv results in substantial losses for the egg and meat chicken industries. despite the economic importance of ibv and decades of research into the pathogenesis of infection, significant gaps in our knowledge exist. the aim of this study was to compare the early progression of air sac lesions in birds receiving a vaccine strain of the virus or a more vir ...201121420689
[expression of green fluorescent protein using an infectious cdna clone of infectious bronchitis virus].an infectious cdna clone of h120 vaccine strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was constructed to demonstrate its potential as a gene transfer vector. primers were designed according to the published genome sequence of h120 strain, and ten cdna fragments covering the entire genome of h120 strain was amplified by rt-pcr. all the pcr products were ligated into pmd19-t vector and sequenced, and the orf5a open reading frame in the pmdtm9 plasmid was replaced by an enhanced green fluorescent pr ...201121462501
development and validation of rt-pcr tests for the detection and s1 genotyping of infectious bronchitis virus and other closely related gammacoronaviruses within clinical samples.two tests were developed that allow the detection and genotyping of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and other closely related gammacoronaviruses. the first test employs a one-step, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay in which the amplification is monitored in real time using a taqman(®) probe. this real-time rt-pcr test was used to examine a panel of field samples and its performance compared to virus isolation in embryonated fowls' eggs. a total of 323 field samples ...201121477114
epidemiological survey and molecular characterization of avian infectious bronchitis virus in brazil between 2003 and 2009.as part of an epidemiological study of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in brazil, 252 samples from ibv-suspect flocks were tested and the ibv-positive samples were analysed by sequencing of hypervariable regions 1 and 2 of the s1 gene. a high prevalence of ibv variants was found and the sequence analysis of 41 samples revealed a high molecular similarity among the brazilian isolates (from 90.2 to 100% and from 85.3 to 100% nucleotide and amino acid identity, respectively). the brazilian isolat ...201121500035
first full-length sequences of the s gene of european isolates reveal further diversity among turkey coronaviruses.an increasing incidence of enteric disorders clinically suggestive of the poult enteritis complex has been observed in turkeys in france since 2003. using a newly designed real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay specific for the nucleocapsid (n) gene of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and turkey coronaviruses (tcov), coronaviruses were identified in 37% of the intestinal samples collected from diseased turkey flocks. the full-length spike (s) gene of these viruses was a ...201121500038
isolation and characterization of peacock chlamydophila psittaci infection in china.the objective of this study was to isolate and identify suspected pathogens from peacocks and peacock farmers with severe pneumonia and to investigate its potential association with peacocks' pneumonia, caused by chlamydophila psittaci infection. a clinical examination of infected peacocks identified birds with symptoms of anorexia, weight loss, yellowish droppings, airsacculitis, sinusitis, and conjunctivitis, whereas the infected farmers showed high fever and respiratory distress. immunofluore ...201121500640
circulation of infectious bronchitis virus strains from italy 02 and qx genotypes in slovenia between 2007 and 2009.fourteen infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) detected in broiler, broiler breeder, and layer flocks in slovenia between 2007 and 2009 were molecularly analyzed by reverse transcription-pcr and direct sequencing of the s1 gene. phylogenetic analyses based on partial s1 gene sequences revealed that seven strains were classified as the italy 02 genotype, a genetic group of ibv that has not previously been detected in slovenia. another seven strains were classified as the qx genotype. the results o ...201121500655
phylogenetic distribution and predominant genotype of the avian infectious bronchitis virus in china during 2008-2009.abstract:201121510909
immuno-pcr for one step detection of h5n1 avian influenza virus and newcastle disease virus using magnetic gold particles as carriers.detecting avian influenza virus (aiv) and newcastle disease virus (ndv) at low concentrations from tracheal and cloacal swabs of avian influenza- and newcastle disease-infected poultry was carried out using a highly sensitive immunological-polymerase chain reaction (immuno-pcr) method. magnetic gold particles were pre-coated with a capture antibody, either a monoclonal anti-aiv/h5 or monoclonal anti-ndv/f and viruses serially diluted ten-fold from 10(2) to 10(-5)eid(50)/ml. a biotinylated detect ...201121511345
ammonia disinfection of hatchery waste for elimination of single-stranded rna viruses.hatchery waste, an animal by-product of the poultry industry, needs sanitation treatment before further use as fertiliser or as substrate in biogas or composting plants, owing to the potential presence of opportunistic pathogens, including zoonotic viruses. effective sanitation is also important in viral epizootic outbreaks and as a routine, ensuring high hygiene standards on farms. this study examined the use of ammonia at different concentrations and temperatures to disinfect hatchery waste. i ...201121515734
differentiation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus n protein using a virus-based elisa.the bacterially expressed nucleocapsid (n) protein of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (prrsv) was used as immunogen to generate a rabbit-derived polyclonal antibody. the immunoreactivity of the protein to the antibody was confirmed by western blot analysis. using prrsv, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, pseudorabies virus, and avian infectious bronchitis virus as coating antigens, a virus-based elisa was established. the polyclonal antibody ...201121529294
attenuated live vaccine usage affects accurate measures of virus diversity and mutation rates in avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus.the full-length genomes of 11 infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) field isolates from three different types of the virus; massachusetts (mass), connecticut (conn) and california (cal) isolated over a 41, 25 and 8 year period respectively, were sequenced and analyzed to determine the mutation rates and level of polymorphisms across the genome. positive selection was not detected and mutation rates ranged from 10(-4) to 10(-6)substitutions/site/year for mass and conn ibv types where attenuated live ...201121539870
action mechanisms of lithium chloride on cell infection by transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is a porcine coronavirus. lithium chloride (licl) has been found to be effective against several dna viruses, such as herpes simplex virus and vaccinia virus. recently, we and others have reported the inhibitory effect of licl on avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus (ibv) infection, an rna virus. in the current study, the action mechanism of licl on cell infection by tgev was investigated. plaque assays and 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phe ...201121573100
oral and nasal dna vaccines delivered by attenuated salmonella typhimurium induce protective immune response against infectious bronchitis in chickens.several studies have reported that intramuscular injection of dna vaccines against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) induces protective immune responses. in the present study, we developed oral and nasal dna vaccines that carried the s1 gene and n gene of ibv delivered by attenuated salmonella typhimurium strains, sl/pv-s1 and sl/pv-n, respectively. the safety and stability of recombinant salmonella vaccine were evaluated. following oral and nasal administration of chickens, the serum and mucosa ...201121593235
characterisation and evaluation of antiviral recombinant peptides based on the heptad repeat regions of ndv and ibv fusion glycoproteins.mixed virus infections can cause livestock losses that are more devastating than those caused by single virus infections. newcastle disease virus (ndv) and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), serious threats to the poultry industry, can give rise to complex mixed infections that hinder diagnosis and prevention. in this study, we show that newly designed peptides, which are based on the heptad repeat (hr) region of the fusion glycoproteins from ndv and ibv, have more potent antiviral activity than ...201121601229
coronavirus nsp6 proteins generate autophagosomes from the endoplasmic reticulum via an omegasome intermediate.autophagy is a cellular response to starvation which generates autophagosomes to carry cellular organelles and long-lived proteins to lysosomes for degradation. degradation through autophagy can provide an innate defence against virus infection, or conversely autophagosomes can promote infection by facilitating assembly of replicase proteins. we demonstrate that the avian coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) activates autophagy. a screen of individual ibv non-structural proteins (nsps) ...201121799305
infectious bronchitis virus in testicles and venereal transmission.even though males represent only 8%-12% of the birds of a breeder flock, their role in infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) dissemination is largely unknown. we first assessed the effect of ibv replication in the chicken testes. ten-week-old males were inoculated with arkansas (ark) or massachusetts (mass) ibv virulent strains. seven days postinoculation (dpi) ibv rna was detected in testicles of 100% of m41- and in 96% of ark-infected males. marginal nonsynonymous variation was detected in spike ( ...201121793442
recombinational histories of avian infectious bronchitis virus and turkey coronavirus.phylogenetic analysis of complete genomes of the avian coronaviruses avian infectious bronchitis (aibv) and turkey coronavirus (tcov) supported the hypothesis that numerous recombination events have occurred between these viruses. although the two groups of viruses differed markedly in the sequence of the spike protein, the gene (s) encoding this protein showed no evidence of positive selection or of an elevated mutation rate. rather, the data suggested that recombination events have homogenized ...201121744259
induction of cystic oviducts and protection against early challenge with infectious bronchitis virus serotype d388 (genotype qx) by maternally derived antibodies and by early vaccination.since the end of 2003, strains of the d388 serotype (qx genotype) of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) have caused considerable damage to the dutch poultry industry. in order to better understand the pathogenesis of infection caused by this infectious bronchitis variant and to be able to support the poultry industry with substantiated advice to prevent or decrease the damage caused by the d388 strain, several vaccination and challenge experiments were performed in young specific pathogen free la ...201121834621
sequence analysis of s1 genes of infectious bronchitis virus isolated in thailand during 2008-2009: identification of natural recombination in the field isolates.during 2008-2009, fifteen field infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) were isolated from commercial chicken farms in thailand. after sequencing of the complete s1 gene, phylogenetic analysis was performed and this found that the thai ibv isolates were divided into three distinct groups, unique to thailand (group i), qx-like ibv (group ii), and massachusetts type (group iii). this finding indicated that the recent thai ibvs evolved separately and that at least three groups of viruses are circulati ...201121706315
infectious bronchitis virus variants: a review of the history, current situation and control measures.the history, current situation and control measures for infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) variants are reviewed. a large number of ibv variants exist worldwide; some being unique to a particular area, others having a more general distribution. the possible reasons why some strains spread readily over major parts of the world, whereas other strains stay more localized are discussed. the advantages and disadvantages of strain classification by protectotyping, serotyping and genotyping are discusse ...201121711181
phylogenetic analysis of the s1 glycoprotein gene of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in china during 2009-2010.as part of our ongoing surveillance program, 40 field strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were isolated from dead or diseased chicken flocks in different areas of china between 2009 and 2010. s1 glycoprotein genes of these strains were sequenced and analyzed with 38 strains published in genbank. s1 genes of these isolated strains and the vaccine strains showed nucleotide homologies ranging from 65.2 to 82% and amino acid homologies ranging from 58.4 to 81.9%. meanwhile, chinese ib ...201121842233
binding of avian coronavirus spike proteins to host factors reflects virus tropism and pathogenicity.the binding of viruses to host cells is the first step in determining tropism and pathogenicity. while avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus (ibv) infection and avian influenza a virus (iav) infection both depend on +¦2,3-linked sialic acids, the host tropism of ibv is restricted compared to that of iav. here we investigated whether the interaction between the viral attachment proteins and the host could explain these differences by using recombinant spike domains (s1) of ibv strains with diff ...201121697468
Prevalence of infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease virus among domestic and wild birds in H5N1 outbreaks areas.The first H5N1 outbreak in Burkina Faso was reported to the World Organization for Animal Health on 3 April 2006. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of avian influenza virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and Newcastle disease virus among domestic and wild birds in highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks areas.201121841299
effects of blood sample mishandling on elisa results for infectious bronchitis virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus and chicken anaemia virus.this study determined the effect of sample mishandling on the performance of elisas for detection of antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), avian encephalomyelitis virus (aev) and chicken anaemia virus (cav) in the serum of chickens. the effects of five different sample mishandling treatments were assessed: heat treatment, repetitive freezing and thawing and three levels of severity of haemolysis. these mishandling treatments simulated different conditions that might occur during ...201122015139
In vitro and in vivo effects of Houttuynia cordata on infectious bronchitis virus.Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus, causes infectious bronchitis leading to enormous economic loss in the poultry industry worldwide. Houttuynia cordata (Saururaceae) (HC) is a traditional Chinese medicine used in China. In the present study, the effect of HC on cell infection by IBV was determined using plaque assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The inhibitory effect of HC on IBV infection in ovo and in vivo was analysed using specific pathogen free (S ...201121848486
Recombination in avian gamma-coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus.Recombination in the family Coronaviridae has been well documented and is thought to be a contributing factor in the emergence and evolution of different coronaviral genotypes as well as different species of coronavirus. However, there are limited data available on the frequency and extent of recombination in coronaviruses in nature and particularly for the avian gamma-coronaviruses where only recently the emergence of a turkey coronavirus has been attributed solely to recombination. In this stu ...201121994806
The sialic acid binding activity of the S protein facilitates infection by porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus.Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) has a sialic acid binding activity that is believed to be important for enteropathogenicity, but that has so far appeared to be dispensable for infection of cultured cells. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of sialic acid binding for the infection of cultured cells under unfavorable conditions, and comparison of TGEV strains and mutants, as well as the avian coronavirus IBV concerning their dependence on the sialic acid binding activit ...201121910859
Epidemiology and immunoprotection of nephropathogenic avian infectious bronchitis virus in southern China.In last three years, 96 suspected poultry farms from different provinces in China were diagnosed for avian infectious bronchitis (IB) survey. Finally, 221 IBV strains were confirmed by dwarf embryo test and RT-PCR assay. By virus recovery trials, 187 of the isolates caused the birds died or distressed from nephritis, which was accordant with the clinical record.201122032619
Crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune responses to infectious bronchitis virus after vaccination and challenge of chickens varying in serum mannose-binding lectin concentrations.Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a C-type collectin with structural similarities to C1q, is an innate pattern-recognition molecule that is sequestered to sites of inflammation and infections. MBL selectively binds distinct chemical patterns, including carbohydrates expressed on all kinds of pathogens. The present study shows that serum MBL levels influence the ability of chickens to clear the respiratory tract of virus genomes after an infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection. The primary IBV in ...201122008821
impact of competitive non-protective antigens in a booster killed vaccine on seroconversions to protective antigens of newcastle disease virus in chickens.this study was designed to examine the impact of competitive non-protective antigens in a bivalent killed vaccine of newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis (ib) virus on seroconversions against protective fusion protein of newcastle disease (nd) virus (ndv), in free-range layers primed by live nd-clone 30 and ib-h120 vaccines. the experimental design included two free-range layer farms in which sera of randomly chosen layers were collected on two occasions from each of the two farms n ...201122194228
Changes in nonstructural protein 3 are associated with attenuation in avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus.Full-length genome sequencing of pathogenic and attenuated (for chickens) avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains of the same serotype was conducted to identify genetic differences between the pathotypes. Analysis of the consensus full-length genome for three different IBV serotypes (Ark, GA98, and Mass41) showed that passage in embryonated eggs, to attenuate the viruses for chickens, resulted in 34.75-43.66% of all the amino acid changes occurring in nsp 3 within a virus typ ...201121909766
QX-like infectious bronchitis virus in Africa. 201122121184
a recombinant avian infectious bronchitis virus expressing a heterologous spike gene belonging to the 4/91 serotype.we have shown previously that replacement of the spike (s) gene of the apathogenic ibv strain beau-r with that from the pathogenic strain of the same serotype, m41, resulted in an apathogenic virus, beaur-m41(s), that conferred protection against challenge with m41. we have constructed a recombinant ibv, beaur-4/91(s), with the genetic backbone of beau-r but expressing the spike protein of the pathogenic ibv strain 4/91(uk), which belongs to a different serogroup as beaudette or m41. similar to ...201121912629
evaluation of sialic acid and acute-phase proteins (haptoglobin and serum amyloids a) in healthy and avian infection bronchitis virus-infected chicks.forty-five 24-day-old cobb chicks infected with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and ten healthy 24-day-old cobb chicks without any clinical signs of ibv as control group were selected for the study. all of the diseased chicks showed some or all of the clinical signs of infectious bronchitis including gasping, coughing and nasal discharge, wet eyes, swollen sinuses, reduction of food consumption and weight gain. diagnosis of ibv was based on clinical signs and elisa test. blood samples were tak ...201132214968
avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus susceptibility to botanical oleoresins and essential oils in vitro and in vivo.anti-coronaviral activity of a mixture of oleoresins and essential oils from botanicals, designated qr448(a), was examined in vitro and in vivo. treatment of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) with qr448(a) reduced the virus titer as measured in two laboratory host systems, vero e6 cells and embryonating eggs. the effect of qr448(a) on ibv in chickens was also investigated. administering qr448(a) to chickens at a 1:20 dilution by spray, 2h before challenge with ibv was determined to be the ...201020096315
characterization of a novel live attenuated infectious bronchitis virus vaccine candidate derived from a korean nephropathogenic strain.a nephropathogenic k2/01 strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was attenuated by 170 serial passages in embryonated chicken eggs for possible use as a future ibv vaccine strain. high-growth properties and narrow tissue tropisms (limited replication in respiratory tracts) were achieved by the adaptation process. unlike the parent strain, the attenuated strain (k2p170) was safe in day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks since replication of the virus did not induce mortality and nephritis, and ...201020153350
identification of intertypic recombinant infectious bronchitis viruses from slaughtered chickens.avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) poses a major threat to the global poultry industry. new ibv geno- and serotypes are continually reported. however, information on ibv prevalence is not frequently addressed in these reports. this study reports on a viral surveillance program in taiwan from 2005 to 2006 with sampling conducted in poultry slaughterhouses. the genetic features of the obtained field isolates were investigated using sequence analysis and simplot analysis. a 1-direc ...201020181858
swine intestine antimicrobial peptides inhibit infectious bronchitis virus infectivity in chick embryos.infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), the causative agent of infectious bronchitis, results in respiratory disease, nephritis, and poor egg production and quality in chicken. antimicrobial peptides possess potent antimicrobial activities and are regarded as promising therapeutic alternatives in the fight against microorganisms. to assess the in vitro antiviral activity of swine intestine antimicrobial peptides (siamp) against ibv, 45 chick embryos were randomly assigned into 3 groups, 15 for each g ...201020181861
genomic characterization of a proventriculitis-associated infectious bronchitis coronavirus.transmissible proventriculitis associated with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was at first seen in eastern china in mid-1995, and is now endemic in china. herein, the complete genome sequence of a proventiculitis-associated infectious bronchitis coronavirus (zj971) was sequenced and analyzed. compared with the genome of the vaccine strain h120, zj971 had 54 nucleotide substitutions and a deletion in the 3'-utr. the substitutions were in the regions of nsp2-nsp5, nsp7, nsp12, nsp13, nsp15, s a ...201020195741
a simple and rapid strip test for detection of antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis virus.a simple gold-immunochromatographic assay (gica) based on indirect reaction format was developed for rapid detection of antibodies against avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). the detection time of ibv igg by the gica was less than 10 min, whereas the hi test and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) require 1-2 hr. reference sera against newcastle disease virus, infectious bursal disease, avian influenza virus h5 and h9 subtypes were all negatives for anti-ibv antibodies using the g ...201020215721
immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a replication-defective infectious bronchitis virus vaccine using an adenovirus vector and administered in ovo.in ovo vaccination remains an attractive option for a cost effective, uniform and mass application of vaccines for commercial poultry. however, the vaccines which can be delivered safely by this method are limited and there is no currently licensed embryo-safe vaccine against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). in this study, a recombinant adenovirus expressing the s1 gene of nephropathogenic ibv (rad-s1) was constructed and the immune responses and protective efficacy against homologous challeng ...201020219540
evolution of infectious bronchitis virus in taiwan: characterisation of rna recombination in the nucleocapsid gene.avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) belongs to the coronaviridae family and causes significant economic loss in taiwan (tw), even in flocks that have been extensively immunised with massachusetts (mass)-serotype vaccines. phylogenetic analysis of all non-structural and most structural genes shows that tw ibv is genetically distinct from the us strain and more similar to chinese (ch) ibv. in contrast, the nucleocapsid (n) gene of tw ibv presents phylogenetic incongruence. rna recombination at ...201020299165
priming with a dna vaccine and boosting with an inactivated vaccine enhance the immune response against infectious bronchitis virus.the methods of repeated immunization with inactivated vaccines have been used widely to increase antibody protection against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). however, compared with dna vaccines, these methods usually induce poor cellular responses. in the present study, specific pathogen-free (spf) chickens were immunized intramuscularly with a dna vaccine carrying the main ibv structural genes (pvax1-s1, pvax1-m, and pvax1-n, respectively) and boosted with the ibv m41 strain inactivated vacci ...201020307574
understanding stress-induced immunosuppression: exploration of cytokine and chemokine gene profiles in chicken peripheral leukocytes.at present, the poultry meat and egg industry has gained a lot of ground, being viewed as a provider of a healthy alternative to red meat and other protein sources. if this trend is to be maintained, solutions must be found to improve resistance of chickens to disease, which often is weakened by stressful conditions. in poultry, stress-induced immunosuppression is manifested by failures in vaccination and increased morbidity and mortality of flocks. currently, several modern cellular and molecul ...201020308420
evaluation of the sensitivity of pcr methods for the detection of extraneous agents and comparison with in vivo testing.in this study the sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods for the detection of newcastle disease virus (ndv), avian reovirus (arv), avian influenza virus (aiv) and avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was compared to the sensitivity of the corresponding serological tests described in the european pharmacopoeia (ph. eur.). for this purpose, serial 10-fold dilutions of the respective inactivated vaccines were prepared and groups of spf chickens were vaccinated with a double dose ...201020338784
development, standardization and assessment of pcr systems for purity testing of avian viral vaccines.the european pharmacopoeia (ph. eur.) requires avian viral vaccines to be free of adventitious agents. purity testing is an essential quality requirement of immunological veterinary medicinal products (ivmps) and testing for extraneous agents includes monitoring for many different viruses. conventional virus detection methods include serology or virus culture, however, molecular tests have become a valid alternative testing method. nucleic acid testing (nat) is fast, highly sensitive and has a h ...201020338785
a protein chip designed to differentiate visually antibodies in chickens which were infected by four different viruses.this study aimed to develop a visual protein chip that can differentiate the antibodies induced by avian influenza virus, newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus and infectious bursal disease virus, simultaneously. proteins from the four viruses were purified and spotted onto an aldehyde group-modified glass slide at 2mg/ml. after that, the protein chip was reacted with the corresponding positive serum against these viruses, hybridized with a colloidal gold-labeled secondary antibod ...201020362004
a novel b-cell epitope of avian infectious bronchitis virus n protein.this report describes the identification of a novel linear b-cell epitope at the n-terminus of the avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) nucleocapsid (n) protein. a monoclonal antibody designated 2d2 was prepared against the ibv n protein, and a series of 23 partially overlapping, tagged fragments of the ibv n gene were expressed. these peptides and five heterogeneous ibv strains were used to identify the epitope recognized by 2d2 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blo ...201020373999
efficacy of infectious bronchitis virus vaccinations in the field: association between the alpha-ibv igm response, protection and vaccine application parameters.infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is, in spite of vaccination, still a major cause of respiratory problems in broilers and of poor egg production in breeders and layers in many parts of the world. a possible cause of the insufficient protection induced by vaccination is an inadequate application of the vaccine. this paper reports the results of two field studies. in the first, the results of the alpha-ibv igm enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) on post-vaccination sera were compared with t ...201020390547
induction of eggshell apex abnormalities in broiler breeder hens.recently, the causal relationship between eggshell apex abnormalities (eaa) and mycoplasma synoviae was described. this eggshell pathology has only been documented in table egg layers both spontaneously and experimentally infected with m. synoviae, suggesting that meat-type layers are less prone to this condition. in this study the susceptibility of specified pathogen free (spf) broiler breeder hens to produce eggs with eaa after m. synoviae infection was assessed. five groups of 12 hens each we ...201020390548
viral respiratory diseases (ilt, ampv infections, ib): are they ever under control?1. the use of vaccines is the main approach to control of the economically important poultry viral respiratory diseases infectious laryngotracheitis (ilt), avian metapneumovirus (ampv) infections and infectious bronchitis (ib). this paper appraises the current methods of vaccine control in the light of the nature of each virus and epidemiological factors associated with each disease. 2. infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) exists as a single type with a wide range of disease severity. it is ...201020390564
a multiplex reverse transcriptase-pcr assay for the genotyping of avian infectious bronchitis viruses.infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) in taiwan have been divided into two genogroups, taiwan group i (tw-i) and taiwan group ii (tw-ii). heterologous mass-type strains are widely used as vaccines in the field. this work reports on a rapid and reliable multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (mrt-pcr) assay for the genotyping of ibvs. multiplex primer sets were designed to amplify the region covering hypervariable regions 1 and 2 of the s1 glycoprotein gene. several local strain ...201020408407
functional and genetic studies of the substrate specificity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus 3c-like proteinase.coronavirus (cov) 3c-like proteinase (3clpro), located in nonstructural protein 5 (nsp5), processes the replicase polyproteins 1a and 1ab (pp1a and pp1ab) at 11 specific sites to produce 12 mature nonstructural proteins (nsp5 to nsp16). structural and biochemical studies suggest that a conserved gln residue at the p1 position is absolutely required for efficient cleavage. here, we investigate the effects of amino acid substitution at the p1 position of 3clpro cleavage sites of infectious bronchi ...201020444893
immune response of aa broilers to ibv h120 vaccine and sodium new houttuyfonate.in this report, 120 healthy one-day-old aa broilers were divided into six groups. groups 1-4 received 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/l of sodium new houttuyfonate (snh) with ib vaccine h120 respectively. group 5 received pbs and h120 and group 6 il-2 and h120. the chickens were inoculated at 7 and 14 days of age. on 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 post first vaccination, the dynamic changes of peripheral lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine assays and serum antibody titers were assayed respectively by mtt metho ...201020451228
a novel genotype of avian infectious bronchitis virus isolated in japan in 2009.avian infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) isolated from commercial layer flocks kept in ibaraki prefecture in 2009 were genetically and serologically characterized. reverse transcription-pcr coupled with direct nucleotide sequencing and genbank blast database analysis of the hypervariable region of the s1 subunit of the virus spike gene showed that these isolates are genetically very different from the previously known ibv genotypes in japan. furthermore, none of the antisera used in this study ...201020460833
quantitative proteomics using stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture reveals changes in the cytoplasmic, nuclear, and nucleolar proteomes in vero cells infected with the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus.virus-host interactions involve complex interplay between viral and host factors, rendering them an ideal target for proteomic analysis. here we detail a high throughput quantitative proteomics analysis of vero cells infected with the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), a positive strand rna virus that replicates in the cytoplasm. stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (silac) was used in conjunction with lc-ms/ms to identify and quantify 1830 cellular and two viral ...201020467043
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