Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| phylodynamic analyses of rotavirus genotypes g9 and g12 underscore their potential for swift global spread. | rotaviruses (rvs) are responsible for more than 600,000 child deaths each year. the worldwide introduction of two life oral vaccines rotateq and rotarix is believed to reduce this number significantly. before the licensing of both vaccines, two new genotypes, g9 and g12, emerged in the human population and were able to spread across the entire globe in a very short time span. to quantify the vp7 mutation rates of these g9 and g12 genotypes and to estimate their most recent common ancestors, we u ... | 2010 | 20522727 |
| rotaviruses from canadian farm samples. | animal rotavirus (rov) strains detected in canadian swine and dairy cattle farms were characterized by sequence analysis of viral protein 4 (vp4), vp6, vp7 and non-structural protein 4 segments from 15 rov strains. some porcine strains were found to contain a mixture of segments typical of human and animal viruses. one strain represented a novel vp6 genotype "i14", g2-p[27]-i14. other strains detected in porcine samples represented multiple different segment types. these results illustrate the a ... | 2010 | 20517624 |
| frequency of viral, bacterial and parasitic enteropathogens among young children with acute diarrhoea in saudi arabia. | the frequency of viral, bacterial and parasitic enteropathogens among 270 paediatric patients (< 5 years of age) in various hospitals of makkah and jeddah cities of saudi arabia were investigated. | 2010 | 20527643 |
| hospital-based surveillance to evaluate the impact of rotavirus vaccination in são paulo, brazil. | brazil implemented routine immunization with the human rotavirus vaccine, rotarix, in 2006 and vaccination coverage reached 81% in 2008 in são paulo. our aim was to assess the impact of immunization on the incidence of severe rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (age). | 2010 | 20543761 |
| a novel multiplex rt-pcr for identification of vp6 subgroups of human and porcine rotaviruses. | vp6 protein antigens allow classification of rotaviruses into at least four subgroups, depending on the presence or absence of sg-specific epitopes: sg i, sg ii, sg (i+ii), and sg non-(i+ii). however, mabs against epitopes on the vp6 protein of human and porcine rotaviruses, sometimes, do not recognize sg-specific epitopes or recognize irrelevant-sg epitopes and therefore result in the incorrect assignment of subgroups. in order to solve this problem, a novel multiplex rt-pcr was developed as an ... | 2010 | 20546787 |
| evaluation of a bovine rotavirus vp6 vaccine efficacy in the calf model of infection and disease. | group a bovine rotavirus (brv) is the major cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in neonatal calves worldwide. due to the early susceptibility to the infection prevention strategies are based on the improvement of passive immunity levels through cow vaccination in the last third of gestation. the major capsid antigen (vp6) of brv is the most immunogenic viral protein and it is highly conserved among group a brv. in this work, vp6 protein from brv c-486 strain (p[1]g6) was expressed in insect cel ... | 2010 | 20546933 |
| immunogenicity and safety of the human rotavirus vaccine rotarix co-administered with routine infant vaccines following the vaccination schedules in europe. | this study assessed the immunogenicity and safety of a human rotavirus vaccine rix4414; the effect of co-administration of childhood vaccines on the immune responses was also assessed. healthy infants aged 6-14 weeks received two doses of rix4414/placebo concomitantly with the primary childhood vaccination (infanrix hexa, infanrix quinta,meningitec and/or prevnar), respecting the vaccination schedule of each country. anti-rotavirus iga seroconversion rate (elisa cut-off 20 u/ml) was measured pre ... | 2010 | 20538094 |
| effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination against childhood diarrhoea in el salvador: case-control study. | to evaluate the effectiveness of a monovalent rotavirus vaccine against severe rotavirus disease and to assess its impact on diarrhoea in children aged less than 2 years after national introduction in el salvador, a low-middle income country in central america. | 2010 | 20551120 |
| increased mitochondrial superoxide dismutase expression and lowered production of reactive oxygen species during rotavirus infection. | rotaviruses are responsible for severe diarrhea in infants and substantial economic losses in animal husbandry worldwide. we investigated the oxidant/antioxidant status in rotavirus-infected human colon adenocarcinoma (caco-2) cell line. our results show that within the initial 48 h of infection the expression of the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (mnsod) is significantly increased, which correlates with a decrease in reactive oxygen species production, and with a lack of cellular glutathion ... | 2010 | 20538313 |
| unexpectedly high burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in very young infants. | the highest incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis has generally been reported in children 6-24 months of age. young infants are thought to be partially protected by maternal antibodies acquired transplacentally or via breast milk. the purpose of our study was to assess the age distribution of children with confirmed community-acquired rotavirus gastroenteritis presenting to an urban referral hospital. | 2010 | 20540748 |
| detection and molecular characterization of enteric viruses in environmental samples in monastir, tunisia between january 2003 and april 2007. | a prospective study was performed to characterize the main human enteric viruses able to persist in sewage samples and in shellfish tissues, and to establish the correlation between environmental strains and viral infantile diarrhoea observed in the same area during the same period. | 2010 | 20553345 |
| robustness of the healthcare utilization results from the rotavirus efficacy and safety trial (rest) evaluating the human-bovine (wc3) reassortant pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (rv5). | the rotavirus efficacy and safety trial was a placebo-controlled phase iii study that evaluated the safety and efficacy of a three-dose pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (rv5) including its effect on healthcare utilization for rotavirus gastroenteritis (rvge). the per-protocol (pp) analyses, which counted events occurring 14 days after dose 3 among infants without protocol violations, have already been published. this paper evaluates the consistency of the healthcare utilization results based on the ... | 2010 | 20540778 |
| changing profile of the bovine rotavirus g6 population in the south of ireland from 2002 to 2009. | bovine group a rotavirus is one of the main causes of neonatal diarrhoea in calves. this study examined the different g and p genotypes circulating in the bovine population, from 2002-2009, in the south of ireland. rotavirus positive bovine faecal samples (n=332) were collected from the cork regional veterinary laboratory, between 2002 and 2009 and subjected to rna extraction, page analysis, and g and p genotyping. genotyping analysis identified g6, g10, p[5], and p[11] to be the predominant g a ... | 2010 | 20541335 |
| chemical and microbiological parameters as possible indicators for human enteric viruses in surface water. | there are still conflicting results on the suitability of chemical and microbiological parameters as indicators for the viral contamination of surface waters. in this study, conducted over 20 months, the abundance of human adenovirus, human polyomavirus, enterovirus, group a rotavirus and norovirus was determined in ruhr and rhine rivers, germany. additionally, prevalence of different possible indicators such as somatic coliphages, e. coli, intestinal enterococci, and total coliforms was also co ... | 2010 | 20556879 |
| direct costs associated with a hospital-acquired outbreak of rotaviral gastroenteritis infection in a long term care institution. | in january 2008, 63 patients were infected during an outbreak of rotaviral gastroenteritis in a long term care facility for elderly patients. the aim of this study was to evaluate the direct financial costs of this outbreak to the hospital. data on costs were gathered from both medical records and the hospital finance department. the total hospital cost of the outbreak was euro17,959, or euro285.1 per case, comprising: euro4,948 for medical investigation and treatment costs, euro4,400 for isolat ... | 2010 | 20557977 |
| re: "age dependence of the risk of intussusception following tetravalent rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus tetravalent vaccine: is it beyond doubt?". | 2010 | 20682522 | |
| rotavirus vaccine contamination with pcv1--statement of iap committee on immunization. | 2010 | 20683111 | |
| the burden and cost of ambulatory cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis in central israel. | while the burden of rotavirus infection with regard to hospitalizations has been extensively investigated, there are sparse data on the cost and impact of this infection on the ambulatory part of the health system in israel. | 2010 | 20684182 |
| analysis of rotavirus nsp4 genotypes and age-dependent antibody response against nsp4 in shanghai, china. | this study aimed to determine the genotypes of nsp4 in children with acute rotavirus diarrhea and evaluate serum antibody titers to nsp4 in different age groups in shanghai, china. a total of 171 stool specimens were collected from hospitalized patients < or =5 years of age who had acute rotavirus diarrhea between january 2003 and december 2006. serum samples were collected from healthy individuals, including 200 for 0-60 months of age and 30 for over 5 years of age. nsp4-b type was the single p ... | 2010 | 20657070 |
| α-enolase autoantibodies cross-reactive to viral proteins in a mouse model of biliary atresia. | biliary atresia (ba) is a neonatal cholangiopathy of unknown etiology. the bile duct injury that occurs in patients with ba might result from a hepatobiliary viral infection followed by an autoimmune response against the bile duct epithelia. we aimed to identify autoantigens recognized by serum antibodies in the rhesus rotavirus (rrv)-induced mouse model of ba; findings were correlated with ba in humans. | 2010 | 20659472 |
| the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in malawi. | rotarix (glaxosmithkline), a newly licensed rotavirus vaccine requiring 2 doses, may have the potential to save hundreds of thousands of lives in africa. nations such as malawi, where rotarix is currently under phase iii investigation, may nevertheless face difficult economic choices in considering vaccine adoption. | 2010 | 20684689 |
| epidemiology of rotavirus infection in children in blantyre, malawi, 1997-2007. | acute gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among infants and young children in africa. from 1997 through 2007, we enrolled 3740 children <5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis who received hospital care at the queen elizabeth central hospital in blantyre, malawi. group a rotavirus was detected in fecal specimens by enzyme immunoassay. rotavirus strains were characterized for vp7 (g) and vp4 (p) types with use of reverse-transcription ... | 2010 | 20684698 |
| molecular characterization of rotavirus strains circulating among children with acute gastroenteritis in madagascar during 2004-2005. | a survey was undertaken of the etiology of acute gastroenteritis in children <16 years of age in antananarivo, madagascar, from may 2004 through may 2005. with use of electron microscopy of fecal specimens, 104 (36%) of 285 children were found to be infected with rotavirus. rotavirus strain characterization was undertaken using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, electropherotyping, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction genotyping, and nucleotide sequencing. the predominant group a rota ... | 2010 | 20684699 |
| rotavirus genetic diversity, disease association, and temporal change in hospitalized rural kenyan children. | the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines will be dependent on the immunity conferred against prevalent and emergent variants causing severe diarrheal disease. longitudinal surveillance of disease-causing strains is a prerequisite to intervention. | 2010 | 20684700 |
| identification of a g2-like porcine rotavirus bearing a novel vp4 type, p[32]. | a porcine group a rotavirus (garv) strain, 61/07/ire, was isolated from a 4-5 week asymptomatic piglet, during an epidemiological survey of porcine herds in southern ireland, in 2007. the nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) sequence of the full-length vp4 protein of the porv strain 61/07/ire was determined. based on the entire vp4 open reading frame (nt), strain 61/07/ire displayed ≤76.5% identity to representatives of the established 31 p-types, a value far lower than the percentage identity cu ... | 2010 | 20663474 |
| genomic analysis of codon, sequence and structural conservation with selective biochemical-structure mapping reveals highly conserved and dynamic structures in rotavirus rnas with potential cis-acting functions. | rotaviruses are a major cause of acute, often fatal, gastroenteritis in infants and young children world-wide. virions contain an 11 segment double-stranded rna genome. little is known about the cis-acting sequences and structural elements of the viral rnas. using a database of 1621 full-length sequences of mammalian group a rotavirus rna segments, we evaluated the codon, sequence and rna structural conservation of the complete genome. codon conservation regions were found in eight orfs, suggest ... | 2010 | 20671030 |
| characterization of rotavirus strains detected in windhoek, namibia during 1998-1999. | namibia, located on the southwestern coast of southern africa, is characterized by vast deserts, limited fresh water, and low population density. mortality estimates among children <5 of age are 63 deaths per 1000 live-births, with diarrheal diseases contributing to 3% of these deaths. data on the burden of rotavirus disease and circulating serotypes in namibia are currently not available. | 2010 | 20684697 |
| characterization and molecular epidemiology of rotavirus strains recovered in northern pretoria, south africa during 2003-2006. | rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe dehydrating gastroenteritis in infants and young children and remains a significant clinical problem worldwide. the severity and the burden of rotavirus disease could be reduced through the implementation of an effective vaccine. the aim of this study was to characterize rotavirus strains circulating in the local community as part of an ongoing hospital burden of disease study when a g1p[8] rotavirus vaccine candidate was being evaluated in ... | 2010 | 20684694 |
| prevalence and diversity of rotavirus strains in children with acute diarrhea from rural communities in the limpopo province, south africa, from 1998 to 2000. | data regarding the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of rotavirus infection in rural areas of africa are limited. in this study the prevalence and genetic diversity of rotaviruses in a rural south african setting were investigated. | 2010 | 20684695 |
| genetic and antigenic diversity of human rotaviruses: potential impact on vaccination programs. | the successful development and implementation of rotavirus vaccines will have a significant impact on rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis in children worldwide. however, this introduction will increase the immune pressure against wild-type rotavirus strains circulating in the community, altering the forces and balances that drive rotavirus evolution. there is concern that antigenically distinct novel or rare strains may be selected and spread, decreasing vaccine efficacy. this review describes the ... | 2010 | 20684716 |
| comparison of 2 different regimens for reactogenicity, safety, and immunogenicity of the live attenuated oral rotavirus vaccine rix4414 coadministered with oral polio vaccine in south african infants. | a phase ii, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in south africa during 2003-2004 to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of 2 regimens of the live attenuated oral human rotavirus vaccine rix4414 when coadministered with the expanded program on immunization childhood vaccines, including oral polio vaccine. | 2010 | 20684724 |
| determination of the g and p types of previously nontypeable rotavirus strains from the african rotavirus network, 1996-2004: identification of unusual g types. | a total of 215 nontypeable rotavirus samples collected from children <5 years of age by members of the african rotavirus network were characterized using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis and sequencing. the most predominant strain identified was p[8]g1 (46.9%). genotypes p[8]g10, p[8]g8, p[6]g8, and p[7]g5 were also detected at frequencies varying from 0.5% to 2.3%. this study suggests that reassortment of unusual g types into a background of globally common genotype p[8] ... | 2010 | 20684717 |
| burden and epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in selected african countries: preliminary results from the african rotavirus surveillance network. | severe rotavirus diarrhea in children <5 years of age is a major public health problem; however, limited regional and country specific data on rotavirus disease burden are available from sub-saharan africa. in june 2006, the world health organization regional office for africa initiated rotavirus surveillance in selected african countries. with use of standardized methodology developed by the world health organization, children <5 years of age who were hospitalized with severe diarrhea were enro ... | 2010 | 20684718 |
| characterization of human rotavirus strains from children with diarrhea in nairobi and kisumu, kenya, between 2000 and 2002. | rotavirus infection is a major cause of diarrheal illness and hospitalization in children <5 years old in kenya and has been described in various settings and locations across the country and for different time points. in this study, we expand on the molecular characterization of rotavirus strains collected in nairobi and kisumu, kenya, between 2000 and 2002. rotavirus strains were typed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and characterized using vp6 monoclonal antibodies and rna ... | 2010 | 20684701 |
| characterization of human rotavirus recovered from children with acute diarrhea in kinshasa, democratic republic of congo. | between july and october of 2003, 2004, and 2005, outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis occurred among children <5 years of age in kinshasa, democratic republic of the congo. stool specimens (67 in 2003, 108 in 2004, and 116 in 2005) were collected and screened for rotaviruses using either latex agglutination (diarlex laa; orion diagnostics) or enzyme immunoassay (ideia; dakocytomation). the molecular characteristics of the rotavirus strains were then determined. group a rotavirus was detected in 1 ... | 2010 | 20684702 |
| emergence and characterization of serotype g9 rotavirus strains from africa. | serotype g9 strains have been detected sporadically and in localized outbreaks in various african countries, including south africa, botswana, malawi, kenya, cameroon, nigeria, ghana, guinea-bissau, libya, and mauritius. serotype g9 strains were analyzed to investigate genogroup characteristics, including subgroup specificity, electropherotype, and p and g genotypes. in addition, the antigenic composition of the south african g9 strains was assessed. african g9 strains were associated with both ... | 2010 | 20684719 |
| diversity of rotavirus vp7 and vp4 genotypes in northwestern nigeria. | nigeria has recently been ranked third among the 10 countries with the greatest number of rotavirus disease-associated deaths per year. estimates attribute up to 33,000 deaths annually to rotavirus disease in nigerian children <5 years old. although the introduction of the new oral, live attenuated rotavirus vaccines may not occur for another 4-6 years in developing countries, background data on burden of disease, cost of rotavirus disease, and characterization of circulating strains is required ... | 2010 | 20684703 |
| intestinal epithelia activate anti-viral signaling via intracellular sensing of rotavirus structural components. | rotavirus (rv), a leading cause of severe diarrhea, primarily infects intestinal epithelial cells (iecs) causing self-limiting illness. to better understand innate immunity to rv, we sought to define the extent to which iec activation of anti-viral responses required viral replication or could be recapitulated by inactivated rv or its components. using model human intestinal epithelia, we observed that rv-induced activation of signaling events and gene expression typically associated with viral ... | 2010 | 20664578 |
| noroviruses: the leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. | noroviruses are the leading cause of foodborne disease outbreaks worldwide, and may soon eclipse rotaviruses as the most common cause of severe pediatric gastroenteritis, as the use of rotavirus vaccines becomes more widespread. genetic mutations and recombinations contribute to the broad heterogeneity of noroviruses and the emergence of new epidemic strains. although typically a self-limited disease, norovirus gastroenteritis can cause significant morbidity and mortality among children, the eld ... | 2010 | 20670600 |
| diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in west africa from 1996 to 2000. | 2010 | 20684720 | |
| rotavirus vp4 and vp7 genotypes circulating in cameroon: identification of unusual types. | rotavirus remains a priority candidate for vaccine development, because it is the major cause of viral diarrhea in children worldwide. this study characterized rotavirus strains in 195 stool specimens collected from children <5 years of age with diarrhea, in the southwest province and western province of cameroon during 1999-2000. the predominant g type was g1 (detected in 44.9% of specimens) and the most predominant p type was p[8] (in 82.7%). the most common g-p combination detected was g1p[8] ... | 2010 | 20684704 |
| characterization of 2 human genotype g10 rotavirus strains, 3008cm and 1784/ci/1999, isolated in cameroon and cote d'ivoire during the 1999-2000 rotavirus season. | during routine rotavirus surveillance projects in cameroon and cote d'ivoire, 2 fecal samples collected from 2 children <5 years of age who presented with symptoms of gastroenteritis were found to give anomalous g typing results. these specimens were strongly rotavirus positive by enzyme immunoassay, displayed vp6 subgroup ii specificity and long rna electropherotypes, and were typed as rotavirus serotype g2 with monoclonal antibodies. in addition, the strains were typed as rotavirus vp7 genotyp ... | 2010 | 20684705 |
| molecular characterization and genotyping of human rotavirus strains in abidjan, cote d'ivoire. | in this study, we characterized human rotavirus strains recovered from infants and young children with acute diarrhea in abidjan, cote d'ivoire, during 2000-2004. in total, 719 fecal specimens were collected from children aged 1-60 months with acute infantile gastroenteritis. examination with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed the presence of group a rotavirus antigen in 208 diarrheal specimens (28.9%). polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the rna extracted from rotavirus-pos ... | 2010 | 20684706 |
| antigenic and molecular characterization of unusual rotavirus strains in burkina faso in 1999. | thirty-six of 37 rotavirus strains recovered from the diarrheal stools of 166 children <3 years of age in burkina faso were characterized at both the antigenic and molecular levels. the rotavirus strains were confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; 30 displayed predominantly short electropherotype patterns, and 6 had a long rna pattern. the strains were subgrouped by monoclonal antibody enzyme immunoassay for vp6 and were typed as subgroup i (29 of 30 short rotavirus strains) and subgro ... | 2010 | 20684707 |
| review of rotavirus studies in africa: 1976-2006. | rotavirus is a common cause of severe diarrheal disease in children worldwide. ninety percent of the associated deaths occur in sub-saharan africa and south east asia. our aim was to review the prevalence of rotavirus infection in africa over the past 30 years. | 2010 | 20684708 |
| the global spread of rotavirus g10 strains: detection in ghanaian children hospitalized with diarrhea. | from october 2003 through september 2004, a total of 289 stool samples were collected from children <5 years of age who had severe diarrhea at admission to or when visiting the emergency department at the navrongo war memorial hospital in rural ghana during a study on rotavirus disease burden. rotavirus antigen was detected in 115 stool samples (39.8%) tested for rotavirus. four rotavirus-positive samples were found to bear g10p[6] specificity by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, ... | 2010 | 20684709 |
| influence of potential protective mechanisms on the development of live rotavirus vaccines. | rotaviruses cause extensive morbidity and mortality worldwide, thus corroborating the need for a vaccine that is effective in all socioeconomic environments. vaccines evaluated in clinical trials have all been live attenuated rotaviruses that are delivered orally to mimic the excellent protection observed after natural infection. the mechanisms by which these vaccine candidates or wild-type rotaviruses elicit protection are not fully understood. during the 1980s, several candidate vaccines provi ... | 2010 | 20684721 |
| rotavirus disease in guinea-bissau, west africa: a review of longitudinal community and hospital studies. | rotavirus is one of the most common causes of childhood diarrheal disease and deaths in sub-saharan africa. this article reviews community- and hospital-based surveillance of rotavirus disease in bissau, guinea-bissau, west africa. here, rotavirus infections exhibit a seasonal pattern, with annual epidemics occurring during the relatively dry and cooler months, from january to april, and few cases registered from may to december. most children (74%) experience their first infection before the ag ... | 2010 | 20684710 |
| the effect of high-dose vitamin a supplementation given with bacille calmette-guérin vaccine at birth on infant rotavirus infection and diarrhea: a randomized prospective study from guinea-bissau. | prophylactic vitamin a supplementation (vas) reduces mortality and may reduce morbidity associated with diarrhea in children >6 months of age. rotavirus is the most common cause of acute dehydrating diarrhea among children worldwide. | 2010 | 20684711 |
| rotarix in developing countries: paving the way for inclusion in national childhood immunization programs in africa. | rotavirus gastroenteritis causes more than half a million deaths annually among children aged <5 years, the great majority of which occur in africa and asia. vaccination is considered to be the most effective public health strategy to prevent rotavirus disease and to reduce the significant global burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis. rotarix (glaxosmithkline biologicals) is an oral, live attenuated rotavirus vaccine derived from a human g1p[8] rotavirus strain. results of phase iii studies in eur ... | 2010 | 20684722 |
| rotavirus strain diversity in the centre coast of tunisia from 2000 through 2003. | an epidemiological survey investigating rotavirus infection in children was undertaken in the coastal region of tunisia from january 2000 through september 2003. a total of 309 fecal specimens were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and latex agglutination assay for the presence of group a rotavirus antigen. the detection rate was 26.2%. rotavirus outbreaks showed a temperature-dependant pattern (p = .026) but no significant association with rainfall. rotavirus strains isolated were a ... | 2010 | 20684712 |
| rotateq: progress toward developing world access. | phase iii studies of an oral, live, pentavalent, human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine (rotateq; merck) in developed countries have demonstrated that it is well tolerated with regard to intussusception and other adverse events and is efficacious in preventing rotavirus gastroenteritis and associated healthcare encounters. however, it cannot be assumed that rotavirus vaccines will be equally efficacious in infants and young children in the developing world. differences in host populations, a ... | 2010 | 20684723 |
| molecular characterization of rotavirus strains circulating in oman in 2005. | limited genotyping data are available for rotavirus strains in the middle east. in this study, we investigated the molecular epidemiology of human rotavirus strains circulating in the sultanate of oman during 2005. rotavirus was detected in 178 (57.4%) of 310 of the diarrheal stools of young children <5 years admitted to hospitals and outpatients clinics. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated the cocirculation of 8 strains, although 2 strains predominated across the sultanate. genotypi ... | 2010 | 20684713 |
| rotavirus genotypes among hospitalized children in egypt, 2000-2002. | rotavirus type surveillance is essential to assess the success of rotavirus vaccines. rotavirus strains collected in 2000-2002 during hospital-based surveillance for diarrhea in egyptian children were genotyped. of the 259 (25.2%) rotavirus-positive specimens, 82.4% were common strains (g1p[8], g2p[4], g4p[8]), and the emergent g9 type was detected in 5.3% of samples. | 2010 | 20684714 |
| rotavirus strain types circulating in africa: review of studies published during 1997-2006. | rotavirus is responsible for more than half a million deaths among infants and young children worldwide each year; many of these deaths could be prevented by widespread use of an effective rotavirus vaccine. the diversity of rotavirus strains in many developing countries, where most rotavirus deaths occur, could represent a significant challenge to the efficacy of current vaccines. in anticipation of rotavirus vaccine introduction, we examined studies published over a 10-year period (1997-2006) ... | 2010 | 20684715 |
| multiple vaccinations and the risk of medically attended fever. | recent increases in the number of vaccinations recommended for infants have triggered concerns about the safety of multiple vaccinations. this study evaluated rates of medically attended fever after infant vaccination using computerized data from 1991 to 2000 from two large u.s. provider groups. the rate of medically attended fever within 7 days after vaccination was low (6.4 per 1000 vaccination visits) and did not increase during the decade. higher rates of fever occurred during periods when a ... | 2010 | 20409495 |
| rotavirus-like particles: a novel nanocarrier for the gut. | the delivery of bioactive molecules directly to damaged tissues represents a technological challenge. we propose here a new system based on virus-like particles (vlp) from rotavirus, with a marked tropism for the gut to deliver bio-active molecules to intestinal cells. for this, nonreplicative vlp nanoparticles were constructed using a baculovirus expression system and used to deliver an exogenous biomolecule, the green fluorescent protein (gfp), into either ma104 cells or intestinal cells from ... | 2010 | 20414353 |
| rotavirus cell entry. | infecting nearly every child by age five, rotaviruses are the major causative agents of severe gastroenteritis in young children. while much is known about the structure of these nonenveloped viruses and their components, the exact mechanism of viral cell entry is still poorly understood. a consensus opinion that appears to be emerging from recent studies is that rotavirus cell entry involves a series of complex and coordinated events following proteolytic priming of the virus. rotaviruses attac ... | 2010 | 20397068 |
| clinical characteristics of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children in a medical center. | rotavirus is one of the major causes of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. | 2010 | 20417462 |
| rotavirus vaccination in northeast brazil: a laudable intervention, but can it lead to cost-savings? | this study assessed the family and heath system's costs due to diarrhoea in children <2 years old, before/after the introduction of a rotavirus vaccine in brazil in 2006. information on diarrhoea health care costs and morbidity were obtained from the primary health care system, the national public health database (2004-2008) and care-givers. diarrhoea ambulatory consultations and hospitalizations had a declining trend during the entire period, with additional steeper reductions after vaccine int ... | 2010 | 20417608 |
| age dependence of the risk of intussusception following [corrected] rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus tetravalent vaccine: is it beyond doubt? | the relation between the risk of intussusception and age at the time of receipt of the first dose of rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus tetravalent vaccine (rrv-tv) has been studied extensively on the basis of centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) matched case-control study data, using various statistical methods, including conditional logistic regression and quadratic smoothing splines. however, different conclusions have been reported in published analyses regarding the dependence o ... | 2010 | 20400464 |
| efficacy of lactobacillus gg in aboriginal children with acute diarrhoeal disease: a randomised clinical trial. | the effectiveness of probiotic therapy for acute rotavirus infectious diarrhoea in an indigenous setting with bacterial/parasitic diarrhoea is unclear. in the present study, we assessed the efficacy of probiotics in australian aboriginal children in the northern territory admitted to hospital with diarrhoeal disease. | 2010 | 20400916 |
| rotavirus nonstructural protein 1 suppresses virus-induced cellular apoptosis to facilitate viral growth by activating the cell survival pathways during early stages of infection. | following virus infection, one of the cellular responses to limit the virus spread is induction of apoptosis. in the present study, we report role of rotavirus nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) in regulating apoptosis by activating prosurvival pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k)/akt and nf-kappab (nuclear factor kappab) during early hours of infections (2 to 8 hpi). the nsp1 mutant strain a5-16 induces weak and transient activation of akt (protein kinase b) and p65 nf-kappab compa ... | 2010 | 20392855 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of rotavirus molecular signatures using surface enhanced raman spectroscopy. | human enteric virus infections range from gastroenteritis to life threatening diseases such as myocarditis and aseptic meningitis. rotavirus is one of the most common enteric agents and mortality associated with infection can be very significant in developing countries. most enteric viruses produce diseases that are not distinct from other pathogens, and current diagnostics is limited in breadth and sensitivity required to advance virus detection schemes for disease intervention strategies. a sp ... | 2010 | 20419101 |
| genetic characterization of norovirus gii.4 2006b variants from jeju island, south korea. | ninety-seven fecal specimens collected from children with acute gastroenteritis between 2007 and 2008 that were found to be negative for group a rotavirus in prescreening by elisa with vp6-specific antibody were re-screened for viruses by reverse transcription (rt)-pcr. forty (41.2%) samples were found to be positive for virus by rt-pcr; of these, norovirus (32.5%, n = 13) and rotavirus (32.5%, n = 13) were the most common, followed by astrovirus (5.0%, n = 2) and enterovirus (2.5%, n = 1). co-i ... | 2010 | 20419823 |
| detection and molecular characterization of enteric viruses in breeder turkeys. | the present study was undertaken to detect and characterize enteric viruses (rotavirus, astrovirus, reovirus, and coronavirus) in breeder poults. five turkey breeder flocks were selected. faecal samples were collected from all flocks at 1 week of age and then every other week until the poults reached 9 weeks of age. the faecal samples were pooled in groups of five. of the 193 pools ("samples") tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, 47.2%, 30.6%, and 10.4% samples were positiv ... | 2010 | 20390537 |
| vp6 gene diversity in brazilian strains of porcine group c rotavirus. | group c rotavirus (rv-c) has been found in brazilian pig herds; however, wild-type strains have not yet been characterized. we made a molecular analysis of a region of gene 5 in brazilian rv-c strains. stool samples from 11 piglets (diarrheic and with normal consistency) positive for the rv-c vp6 gene in an rt-pcr assay were sequenced. a 270-bp amplicon of nine sequences was analyzed. all sequences showed high identity to the cowden strain of the porcine rv-c prototype and 81.3 to 94.3% to each ... | 2010 | 20391334 |
| asymptomatic rotavirus infections in england: prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors. | rotavirus is a major cause of infectious intestinal disease in young children; a substantial prevalence of asymptomatic infection has been reported across all age groups. in this study, the authors determined characteristics of asymptomatic rotavirus infection and potential risk factors for infection. healthy persons were recruited at random from the general population of england during the study of infectious intestinal disease in england (1993-1996). rotavirus infection was identified using re ... | 2010 | 20392863 |
| death mechanisms in epithelial cells following rotavirus infection, exposure to inactivated rotavirus or genome transfection. | intestinal epithelial cell death following rotavirus infection is associated with villus atrophy and gastroenteritis. roles for both apoptosis and necrosis in cytocidal activity within rotavirus-infected epithelial cells have been proposed. additionally, inactivated rotavirus has been reported to induce diarrhoea in infant mice. we further examined the death mechanisms induced in epithelial cell lines following rotavirus infection or inactivated rotavirus exposure. monolayer integrity changes in ... | 2010 | 20392902 |
| probiotics. | the pharmacology, uses, dosages, safety, drug interactions, and contraindications of probiotics are reviewed. | 2010 | 20208051 |
| genetic variation of prevalent g1p[8] human rotaviruses in south korea. | the human rotavirus g1p[8] strain is one of the most common rotaviruses worldwide, including korea. six korean g1p[8] human rotaviruses, isolated using cell culture techniques, were characterized on the basis of sequence differences in vp7, vp4, vp6, and nsp4 genes to elucidate the evolutionary relationships in the community. all strains had a long rna electropherotype, supported by vp6 gene analysis, clearly associated with subgroup ii specificity. the phylogenetic analysis of vp7 gene sequence ... | 2010 | 20336735 |
| sequence analysis of the vp7 gene of human rotaviruses g2 and g4 isolated in japan, china, thailand, and vietnam during 2001-2003. | sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the rotavirus vp7 gene were performed on 52 human g2 and g4 strains isolated in japan, china, thailand, and vietnam during 2001-2003. all genotype g2 strains included in the study clustered into lineage ii of the phylogenetic tree, together with the majority of global g2 strains detected since 1995. the amino acid substitution at position 96 from aspartic acid to asparagine was noted among the emerging or re-emerging g2 rotavirus strains in japan, thailand, ... | 2010 | 20336736 |
| the detection of enteric viruses in selected urban and rural river water and sewage in kenya, with special reference to rotaviruses. | to determine the occurrence of eight human enteric viruses in surface water and sewage samples from different geographical areas in kenya. | 2010 | 20337763 |
| porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line (ipec-j2) of rotavirus infection as a new model for the study of innate immune responses to rotaviruses and probiotics. | previous studies of epithelial immune responses to rotavirus infection have been conducted in transformed cell lines. in this study, we evaluated a non-transformed porcine jejunum epithelial cell line (ipec-j2) as an in-vitro model of rotavirus infection and probiotic treatment. cell-culture-adapted porcine rotavirus (prv) osu strain, or human rotavirus (hrv) wa strain, along with lactobacillus acidophilus (la) or lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) were used to inoculate ipec-j2 cells. la or lgg t ... | 2010 | 20373994 |
| effect of mutations in vp5 hydrophobic loops on rotavirus cell entry. | experiments in cell-free systems have demonstrated that the vp5 cleavage fragment of the rotavirus spike protein, vp4, undergoes a foldback rearrangement that translocates three clustered hydrophobic loops from one end of the molecule to the other. this conformational change resembles the foldback rearrangements of enveloped virus fusion proteins. by recoating rotavirus subviral particles with recombinant vp4 and vp7, we tested the effects on cell entry of substituting hydrophilic for hydrophobi ... | 2010 | 20375171 |
| viral nucleic acids in live-attenuated vaccines: detection of minority variants and an adventitious virus. | metagenomics and a panmicrobial microarray were used to examine eight live-attenuated viral vaccines. viral nucleic acids in trivalent oral poliovirus (opv), rubella, measles, yellow fever, varicella-zoster, multivalent measles/mumps/rubella, and two rotavirus live vaccines were partially purified, randomly amplified, and pyrosequenced. over half a million sequence reads were generated covering from 20 to 99% of the attenuated viral genomes at depths reaching up to 8,000 reads per nucleotides. m ... | 2010 | 20375174 |
| isolation and characterization of the first chinese strain of porcine teschovirus-8. | investigations were carried out to identify the causal agent of acute diarrhea, respiratory distress, and death of pigs on a swine farm in jilin province, northern china. only porcine teschovirus (ptv, designated as ptv-8 jilin/2003) was isolated from samples of organs. the presence of ptv was confirmed by the production of a specific cytopathic effect on susceptible cells and by the results of the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma), polymerase chain reaction, and electron microscopy. other ... | 2010 | 20362007 |
| rounding up rotavirus. | 2010 | 20386406 | |
| [the rotavirus vaccine is effective]. | 2010 | 20369429 | |
| geographical differences in the proportion of human group a rotavirus strains within new zealand during one epidemic season. | the prospect of future rotavirus vaccine programs means it is important to understand rotavirus strain diversity within new zealand, especially if this was to influence vaccine effectiveness. the g-genotype of 359 group a rotavirus strains isolated from 416 stool samples collected from june 2005 to may 2006 (inclusive) from children less than 5 years of age in multiple centers throughout new zealand was determined. g1 was the dominant circulating strain (55.8%) followed by g4 (21.4%), g3 (3.4%), ... | 2010 | 20336723 |
| global impact of rotavirus vaccines. | the who has recently recommended the inclusion of rotavirus vaccine in the national immunization programs of all countries. in countries in the americas, europe and australia that have adopted routine childhood immunization against rotavirus, significant reductions in the burden of severe childhood diarrhea have been observed. besides protecting vaccinated children, disease rates also appear to be reduced in unvaccinated children, suggesting indirect benefits from vaccination (i.e., herd protect ... | 2010 | 20370550 |
| preconceptional oral vaccination prevents experimental biliary atresia in newborn mice. | biliary atresia (ba) in humans resembles ba induced in balb/c-mice by rhesus rotavirus (rrv). in mice, susceptibility to ba is ascribed to the lack of maternally derived immune protection. this study investigated whether vaccination of dams against rrv protected their offspring from developing ba. | 2010 | 20387202 |
| reassortment of human rotavirus gene segments into g11 rotavirus strains. | g11 rotaviruses are believed to be of porcine origin. however, a limited number of g11 rotaviruses have been recently isolated from humans in combination with p[25], p[8], p[6], and p[4]. to investigate the evolutionary relationships of these strains, we analyzed the complete genomes of 2 human g11p[25] strains, 2 human g11p[8] strains, and 3 porcine reference strains. most of the 11 gene segments of these 7 strains belonged to genotype 1 (wa-like). however, phylogenetic clustering patterns sugg ... | 2010 | 20350376 |
| mechanism of intraparticle synthesis of the rotavirus double-stranded rna genome. | rotaviruses perform the remarkable tasks of transcribing and replicating 11 distinct double-stranded rna genome segments within the confines of a subviral particle. multiple viral polymerases are tethered to the interior of a particle, each dedicated to a solitary genome segment but acting in synchrony to synthesize rna. although the rotavirus polymerase specifically recognizes rna templates in the absence of other proteins, its enzymatic activity is contingent upon interaction with the viral ca ... | 2010 | 20351108 |
| reduction in gastroenteritis in united states children and correlation with early rotavirus vaccine uptake from national medical claims databases. | we sought to estimate rotavirus disease reduction among children in hospital and office settings in the 4 us regions following rotavirus vaccine introduction and to estimate vaccine uptake. | 2010 | 20354464 |
| detection and genotyping of korean porcine rotaviruses. | porcine group a rotavirus (garv) is considered to be an important animal pathogen due to their economic impact in the swine industry and its potential to cause heterologous infections in humans. this study examined 475 fecal samples from 143 farms located in 6 provinces across south korea. rt-pcr and nested pcr utilizing primer pairs specific for the garv vp6 gene detected garv-positive reactions in 182 (38.3%) diarrheic fecal samples. a total of 98 porcine garv strains isolated from the garv-po ... | 2010 | 20359834 |
| community incidence of norovirus-associated infectious intestinal disease in england: improved estimates using viral load for norovirus diagnosis. | existing estimates of the incidence of infectious intestinal disease (iid) caused by norovirus are based on electron microscopy or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). neither method accurately represents norovirus disease burden: electron microscopy has poor diagnostic sensitivity, and rt-pcr has poor diagnostic specificity. in this study, viral load measurements were used to identify cases of norovirus-associated iid and to produce new incidence estimates for england. iid ... | 2010 | 20360244 |
| characterization of rotavirus strains from day care centers: pre- and post-rotavirus vaccine era. | in 2006 the rotavirus vaccine was included in the brazilian immunization program. the aim of this study was to report the results of a 5-year surveillance study of rotavirus strains in children < 5 years with acute gastroenteritis from day care centers in the state of são paulo, brazil. | 2010 | 20361122 |
| separation and quantification of double- and triple-layered rotavirus-like particles by cze. | virus-like particles have been successfully used as safe vaccines, as their structure is identical to their native counterparts but devoid of the viral genetic material. however, production of these complex structures is not easy, as recombinant proteins must assemble into virus-like particles. techniques to differentiate assembled and soluble proteins, as well as assembly intermediaries often present in a sample, are required. an example of complex virus-like particles mixture occurs when rotav ... | 2010 | 20336682 |
| in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the efficacy of bovine colostrum against human rotavirus infection. | we found that skimmed and concentrated bovine late colostrum (scblc) obtained from normal cows at 6-7 d after parturition exhibited high potency in inhibiting replication of human rotavirus (hrv) in vitro. furthermore, prophylactic oral administration of scblc once before inoculation of hrv prevented the development of diarrhea in suckling mice in vivo. scblc from normal cows might be useful in the prevention of hrv-induced severe gastroenteritis in immunocompromised hosts. | 2010 | 20208370 |
| meeting report: a celebration of the work of professor tony hart, liverpool, united kingdom, 7 march 2009. | over 300 delegates participated in this scientific meeting to celebrate the career of the late professor tony hart, who was head of department of medical microbiology, university of liverpool, from 1986 until his death in september 2007. the meeting, which was opened by professor james stewart (head, school of infection and host defence, university of liverpool) and closed by professor bernard brabin (head of the child health group, liverpool school of tropical medicine), captured some of the ma ... | 2010 | 20207719 |
| cause of uric acid stones in rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis. | 2010 | 20191366 | |
| identification of two sublineages of genotype g2 rotavirus among diarrheic children in parauapebas, southern pará state, brazil. | on a world scale, group a human rotaviruses are the most common cause of severe acute gastroenteritis during infancy and childhood, including five (g1, g2, g3, g4, and g9) epidemiologically important genotypes. among these, g2 denotes a different genogroup which appears to have a cyclic pattern of occurrence and yet little information is available about its genetic variability. the aim of this report was to characterize the emergence of g2 genotype in paraupebas, southern pará state, brazil, som ... | 2010 | 20166186 |
| rotavirus infection of murine small intestine causes colonic secretion via age restricted galanin-1 receptor expression. | mechanisms for age restriction of rotavirus diarrhea are unclear. because rotavirus primarily infects small intestine, colonic contribution has not been widely studied. recent data suggest that colonic secretion postbacterial infection is mediated by galanin-1 receptors (gal1-r). we evaluated age-dependent expression of gal1-r in rhesus rotavirus (rrv)-infected mice and its contribution to fluid secretion. | 2010 | 20197068 |
| circulating human group a rotavirus genotypes in malaysia. | this study examined the temporal distribution of rotavirus genotypes in malaysia. rotaviruses from children with diarrhea admitted to hospitals in 1996 (n = 93) and 2007 (n = 12) in two different regions of peninsular (west) malaysia were analyzed for their g and p genotypes using a hemi-nested rt-pcr assay. in the 2007 samples, the dominant strain was g9p[8]. it was identified in 42% of the samples. different strains all possessing the g1 genotype were identified in the rest of the samples. in ... | 2010 | 20166178 |
| rotavirus differentially infects and polyclonally stimulates human b cells depending on their differentiation state and tissue of origin. | we have shown previously that rotavirus (rv) can infect murine intestinal b220(+) cells in vivo (m. fenaux, m. a. cuadras, n. feng, m. jaimes, and h. b. greenberg, j. virol. 80:5219-5232, 2006) and human blood b cells in vitro (m. c. mesa, l. s. rodriguez, m. a. franco, and j. angel, virology 366:174-184, 2007). however, the effect of rv on b cells, especially those present in the human intestine, the primary site of rv infection, is unknown. here, we compared the effects of the in vitro rv infe ... | 2010 | 20164228 |
| genetic variation of g4p[6] rotaviruses: evidence for novel strains circulating between the hospital and community. | one hundred forty-six fecal specimens collected between 2007 and 2008 from infants with acute gastroenteritis were screened for rotavirus by elisa with vp6-specific antibody. one hundred twenty-three of the samples (84.2%) were confirmed to be positive for group a rotavirus (community-acquired, n = 90 [73.2%] and nosocomial, n = 33 [26.8%]), and were typed subsequently using rt-pcr and sequence analysis methods. determination of g- and p-type combinations showed that g4p[6] (78.9%) was the most ... | 2010 | 20166174 |
| vomiting calls to nhs direct provide an early warning of norovirus outbreaks in hospitals. | a wintertime peak of norovirus activity occurs each year, affecting institutions including schools and hospitals. traditional laboratory and outbreak surveillance systems for norovirus are too vulnerable to reporting delay to act as a timely signal of activity in the community. calls to the national health service (nhs) telephone service nhs direct have the potential to be an early warning tool for public health purposes. we investigated whether nhs direct vomiting calls can be used as a reliabl ... | 2010 | 20172625 |
| predominance of rotavirus g2p[4] and emergence of g12p[9] strains in asunción, paraguay, 2006-2007. | rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children worldwide. monitoring the diversity of rotavirus strains is of great importance for current and future vaccination programs. to determine the diversity of rotavirus circulating in asuncion, paraguay, between 2006 and 2007, we carried out a molecular characterization of rotaviruses detected in children <5 years old and adults (>18 years old). we found that the most common circulating strain was g2p[4] (69/143), followed by g9p[8] ( ... | 2010 | 20213281 |
| [a multicentric study of a lactose free formula supplemented with saccharomyces boulardii in children with acute diarrhea]. | in a double-blind, randomized, controlled, multicentric study, the study compared the efficacy of a specific adapted formula (lactose-free, high-mineral, low-osmolarity formula, containing rice and pectin fortified with saccharomyces boulardii) in the management of infants with acute diarrhea with a standard formula used to feed healthy infants from birth. | 2010 | 20236813 |