Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| use of an immunization information system to assess the effectiveness of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in us children. | immunization information systems (iiss) are accessible sources of immunization data. we validated immunization information from a local iis against provider records and assessed the system's utility in evaluating vaccine effectiveness against rotavirus disease using a case-control study. among the 91% of case and control patients with immunization records, 49% were in the iis, and 97% had a provider record. good agreement was observed across record sources (k=0.65). vaccine effectiveness (ve) wa ... | 2010 | 20637764 |
| [outbreak of diarrhea by rotavirus in bom jesus city, piauí state]. | this study focused a diarrhea outbreak caused by rotavirus in a city of piauí state aiming to identify the etiology, protocol of assistance to cases. a case series was carried out with 22 children assisted for acute diarrhea in 2006 in health units of bom jesus city. the data were collected by means of interviews utilizing forms that were with the help of the children's parents and analysis of the appointment files was performed. most of the families (59.1%) had a monthly income inferior to the ... | 2010 | 20640260 |
| acute renal failure due to obstructive urate stones associated with norovirus gastroenteritis. | 2010 | 20640904 | |
| inadequately treated wastewater as a source of human enteric viruses in the environment. | human enteric viruses are causative agents in both developed and developing countries of many non-bacterial gastrointestinal tract infections, respiratory tract infections, conjunctivitis, hepatitis and other more serious infections with high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals such as meningitis, encephalitis and paralysis. human enteric viruses infect and replicate in the gastrointestinal tract of their hosts and are released in large quantities in the stools of infected i ... | 2010 | 20644692 |
| recognition and prevention of hospital-associated enteric infections in the intensive care unit. | the objectives of this article were to review the causes and extent of hospital-associated infectious diarrhea and associated risks in the general hospital ward and intensive care unit (icu), to compare microorganisms with similar symptoms to aid in recognition that will lead to timely and appropriate treatment and control measures, and to propose infection prevention protocols that could decrease human process errors in the icu. this literature review describes epidemiology, comparison of micro ... | 2010 | 20647790 |
| letter to the editor. | 2010 | 20649863 | |
| epidemiological and clinical features of rotavirus among children younger than 5 years of age hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in northern italy. | rotavirus is the major cause of acute gastroenteritis and severe dehydrating diarrhea in young children. | 2010 | 20649961 |
| [expression and assembly of rotavirus-like particles in insect cells mediated by recombinant bombyx mori multibac]. | to construct recombinant baculoviruses co-expressing three structural genes vp2, vp6 and vp7 of rotavirus, and assemble rotavirus-like particles (vlps) in bmn cells. | 2010 | 20650749 |
| [detection of rotavirus infection in danish children]. | rotavirus (rv) is the most frequent causative agent of severe diarrhoea in infants and young children worldwide, also in denmark. however, the actual number of diagnosed rv cases among danish children is unknown. if a new rv-vaccine is to be introduced in denmark, updated data on rv disease burden is important and the validity of potential surveillance systems needs to be explored. | 2010 | 20654279 |
| analysis of rotavirus nsp4 genotypes and age-dependent antibody response against nsp4 in shanghai, china. | this study aimed to determine the genotypes of nsp4 in children with acute rotavirus diarrhea and evaluate serum antibody titers to nsp4 in different age groups in shanghai, china. a total of 171 stool specimens were collected from hospitalized patients < or =5 years of age who had acute rotavirus diarrhea between january 2003 and december 2006. serum samples were collected from healthy individuals, including 200 for 0-60 months of age and 30 for over 5 years of age. nsp4-b type was the single p ... | 2010 | 20657070 |
| α-enolase autoantibodies cross-reactive to viral proteins in a mouse model of biliary atresia. | biliary atresia (ba) is a neonatal cholangiopathy of unknown etiology. the bile duct injury that occurs in patients with ba might result from a hepatobiliary viral infection followed by an autoimmune response against the bile duct epithelia. we aimed to identify autoantigens recognized by serum antibodies in the rhesus rotavirus (rrv)-induced mouse model of ba; findings were correlated with ba in humans. | 2010 | 20659472 |
| evaluation of antirotavirus activity of flavonoids. | flavonoids are dietary components and the most ubiquitous phenolic compounds found in nature, showing a range of pharmacological activities including antiviral action. this study describes the antiviral screening of 60 different flavones and flavonols against human rotavirus (wa-1 strain) as well as their cytotoxicity in ma104 cells. cytotoxicity was investigated by cell morphology assessment and antirotavirus activity by cytopathic effect inhibition. results were expressed as cc(50) and ic(50), ... | 2010 | 20659535 |
| sustained decline in cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis presenting to the children's hospital of philadelphia in the new rotavirus vaccine era. | a dramatic diminution in the number of rotavirus gastroenteritis cases during the 2007 to 2008 rotavirus season in the united states was likely attributable to the availability of an effective rotavirus vaccine for infants since february 2006. to exclude the possibility that factors other than vaccination accounted for the declining case frequency, we examined the 2008 to 2009 experience at the children's hospital of philadelphia (chop). | 2010 | 20661099 |
| change in rotavirus epidemiology in northeast florida after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine. | retrospective analysis done at a children's hospital showed significant decrease in infections and hospitalizations caused by rotavirus in northeast florida after the introduction of rotavirus vaccines in 2006. the rotavirus season was delayed in onset by 8 months and duration prolonged by 2-3 months in 2008, and no definite season occurred in 2009. | 2010 | 20661105 |
| identification of a g2-like porcine rotavirus bearing a novel vp4 type, p[32]. | a porcine group a rotavirus (garv) strain, 61/07/ire, was isolated from a 4-5 week asymptomatic piglet, during an epidemiological survey of porcine herds in southern ireland, in 2007. the nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) sequence of the full-length vp4 protein of the porv strain 61/07/ire was determined. based on the entire vp4 open reading frame (nt), strain 61/07/ire displayed ≤76.5% identity to representatives of the established 31 p-types, a value far lower than the percentage identity cu ... | 2010 | 20663474 |
| intestinal epithelia activate anti-viral signaling via intracellular sensing of rotavirus structural components. | rotavirus (rv), a leading cause of severe diarrhea, primarily infects intestinal epithelial cells (iecs) causing self-limiting illness. to better understand innate immunity to rv, we sought to define the extent to which iec activation of anti-viral responses required viral replication or could be recapitulated by inactivated rv or its components. using model human intestinal epithelia, we observed that rv-induced activation of signaling events and gene expression typically associated with viral ... | 2010 | 20664578 |
| noroviruses: the leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. | noroviruses are the leading cause of foodborne disease outbreaks worldwide, and may soon eclipse rotaviruses as the most common cause of severe pediatric gastroenteritis, as the use of rotavirus vaccines becomes more widespread. genetic mutations and recombinations contribute to the broad heterogeneity of noroviruses and the emergence of new epidemic strains. although typically a self-limited disease, norovirus gastroenteritis can cause significant morbidity and mortality among children, the eld ... | 2010 | 20670600 |
| genomic analysis of codon, sequence and structural conservation with selective biochemical-structure mapping reveals highly conserved and dynamic structures in rotavirus rnas with potential cis-acting functions. | rotaviruses are a major cause of acute, often fatal, gastroenteritis in infants and young children world-wide. virions contain an 11 segment double-stranded rna genome. little is known about the cis-acting sequences and structural elements of the viral rnas. using a database of 1621 full-length sequences of mammalian group a rotavirus rna segments, we evaluated the codon, sequence and rna structural conservation of the complete genome. codon conservation regions were found in eight orfs, suggest ... | 2010 | 20671030 |
| severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) and rotavirus vaccination: reports to the vaccine adverse events reporting system (vaers). | rotavirus vaccines are the only live vaccines recommended for infants in the us. postmarketing reports have described severe gastroenteritis with vaccine viral shedding in infants who received rotavirus vaccine and were later diagnosed with scid. the us food and drug administration recently approved labeling changes for rotateq and rotarix contraindicating administration to individuals with a history of scid. we queried vaers to characterize reports of scid after rotavirus vaccination. | 2010 | 20674876 |
| molecular analysis of human group a rotavirus g10p[14] genotype in slovenia. | rotavirus g10 genotype is one of the main rotaviruses circulating in cattle throughout the world but is also found in asymptomatic and symptomatic infections in children, and thought to be acquired through zoonotic transmission. | 2010 | 20675186 |
| re: "age dependence of the risk of intussusception following tetravalent rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus tetravalent vaccine: is it beyond doubt?". | 2010 | 20682522 | |
| rotavirus vaccine contamination with pcv1--statement of iap committee on immunization. | 2010 | 20683111 | |
| the burden and cost of ambulatory cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis in central israel. | while the burden of rotavirus infection with regard to hospitalizations has been extensively investigated, there are sparse data on the cost and impact of this infection on the ambulatory part of the health system in israel. | 2010 | 20684182 |
| rotavirus in africa: shifting the focus to disease prevention. | 2010 | 20684687 | |
| vp6: a candidate rotavirus vaccine. | several nonliving rotavirus vaccine candidates have been evaluated in animal models. among them is the vp6 protein that comprises the intermediate layer of the rotavirus particle. this protein was expressed as a chimera with maltose binding protein (mbp::vp6) and was administered intranasally to mice. when later challenged with rotavirus, vaccinated mice were nearly 100% protected from fecal shedding of rotavirus, a result strictly dependent on coadministration of an effective adjuvant. protecti ... | 2010 | 20684688 |
| the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in malawi. | rotarix (glaxosmithkline), a newly licensed rotavirus vaccine requiring 2 doses, may have the potential to save hundreds of thousands of lives in africa. nations such as malawi, where rotarix is currently under phase iii investigation, may nevertheless face difficult economic choices in considering vaccine adoption. | 2010 | 20684689 |
| the economic burden of diarrheal disease in a tertiary level hospital, gauteng, south africa. | diarrheal disease remains one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in young children in south africa. although a rotavirus vaccine will reduce rotavirus diarrheal morbidity and mortality, its introduction and sustainability will incur considerable costs. the aim of this study was to estimate the costs associated with diarrheal disease of all etiologies in children <5 years of age at dr george mukhari hospital, a tertiary level hospital in gauteng, south africa. | 2010 | 20684690 |
| the epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in countries in the eastern mediterranean region. | rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea among children worldwide, killing approximately 600,000 children annually, including 64,800 in the eastern mediterranean region. safe, effective rotavirus vaccines will be available soon, and accurate disease burden data will be needed to assess the burden of rotavirus and the value of new vaccines and monitor vaccine program impact. | 2010 | 20684691 |
| hospital health care cost of diarrheal disease in northern ghana. | diarrhea caused by rotaviruses is one of the most frequent causes of hospitalization among pediatric patients in rural communities of developing countries in sub-saharan africa and southeast asia, and it is a major cause of death in these communities. the complexity of diarrhea and the increasing cost of treatment puts additional burden on the health sector. to demonstrate the economic burden of diarrhea to policy makers, this study was conducted to estimate the treatment cost of diarrhea in chi ... | 2010 | 20684692 |
| prospective hospital-based surveillance to estimate rotavirus disease burden in the gauteng and north west province of south africa during 2003-2005. | rotavirus is considered to be the most common cause of serious acute dehydrating diarrhea worldwide. however, there is a scarcity of information on rotavirus disease burden in sub-saharan africa. | 2010 | 20684693 |
| characterization and molecular epidemiology of rotavirus strains recovered in northern pretoria, south africa during 2003-2006. | rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe dehydrating gastroenteritis in infants and young children and remains a significant clinical problem worldwide. the severity and the burden of rotavirus disease could be reduced through the implementation of an effective vaccine. the aim of this study was to characterize rotavirus strains circulating in the local community as part of an ongoing hospital burden of disease study when a g1p[8] rotavirus vaccine candidate was being evaluated in ... | 2010 | 20684694 |
| prevalence and diversity of rotavirus strains in children with acute diarrhea from rural communities in the limpopo province, south africa, from 1998 to 2000. | data regarding the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of rotavirus infection in rural areas of africa are limited. in this study the prevalence and genetic diversity of rotaviruses in a rural south african setting were investigated. | 2010 | 20684695 |
| characterization of rotavirus strains detected in windhoek, namibia during 1998-1999. | namibia, located on the southwestern coast of southern africa, is characterized by vast deserts, limited fresh water, and low population density. mortality estimates among children <5 of age are 63 deaths per 1000 live-births, with diarrheal diseases contributing to 3% of these deaths. data on the burden of rotavirus disease and circulating serotypes in namibia are currently not available. | 2010 | 20684697 |
| epidemiology of rotavirus infection in children in blantyre, malawi, 1997-2007. | acute gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among infants and young children in africa. from 1997 through 2007, we enrolled 3740 children <5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis who received hospital care at the queen elizabeth central hospital in blantyre, malawi. group a rotavirus was detected in fecal specimens by enzyme immunoassay. rotavirus strains were characterized for vp7 (g) and vp4 (p) types with use of reverse-transcription ... | 2010 | 20684698 |
| molecular characterization of rotavirus strains circulating among children with acute gastroenteritis in madagascar during 2004-2005. | a survey was undertaken of the etiology of acute gastroenteritis in children <16 years of age in antananarivo, madagascar, from may 2004 through may 2005. with use of electron microscopy of fecal specimens, 104 (36%) of 285 children were found to be infected with rotavirus. rotavirus strain characterization was undertaken using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, electropherotyping, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction genotyping, and nucleotide sequencing. the predominant group a rota ... | 2010 | 20684699 |
| rotavirus genetic diversity, disease association, and temporal change in hospitalized rural kenyan children. | the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines will be dependent on the immunity conferred against prevalent and emergent variants causing severe diarrheal disease. longitudinal surveillance of disease-causing strains is a prerequisite to intervention. | 2010 | 20684700 |
| characterization of human rotavirus strains from children with diarrhea in nairobi and kisumu, kenya, between 2000 and 2002. | rotavirus infection is a major cause of diarrheal illness and hospitalization in children <5 years old in kenya and has been described in various settings and locations across the country and for different time points. in this study, we expand on the molecular characterization of rotavirus strains collected in nairobi and kisumu, kenya, between 2000 and 2002. rotavirus strains were typed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and characterized using vp6 monoclonal antibodies and rna ... | 2010 | 20684701 |
| characterization of human rotavirus recovered from children with acute diarrhea in kinshasa, democratic republic of congo. | between july and october of 2003, 2004, and 2005, outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis occurred among children <5 years of age in kinshasa, democratic republic of the congo. stool specimens (67 in 2003, 108 in 2004, and 116 in 2005) were collected and screened for rotaviruses using either latex agglutination (diarlex laa; orion diagnostics) or enzyme immunoassay (ideia; dakocytomation). the molecular characteristics of the rotavirus strains were then determined. group a rotavirus was detected in 1 ... | 2010 | 20684702 |
| diversity of rotavirus vp7 and vp4 genotypes in northwestern nigeria. | nigeria has recently been ranked third among the 10 countries with the greatest number of rotavirus disease-associated deaths per year. estimates attribute up to 33,000 deaths annually to rotavirus disease in nigerian children <5 years old. although the introduction of the new oral, live attenuated rotavirus vaccines may not occur for another 4-6 years in developing countries, background data on burden of disease, cost of rotavirus disease, and characterization of circulating strains is required ... | 2010 | 20684703 |
| rotavirus vp4 and vp7 genotypes circulating in cameroon: identification of unusual types. | rotavirus remains a priority candidate for vaccine development, because it is the major cause of viral diarrhea in children worldwide. this study characterized rotavirus strains in 195 stool specimens collected from children <5 years of age with diarrhea, in the southwest province and western province of cameroon during 1999-2000. the predominant g type was g1 (detected in 44.9% of specimens) and the most predominant p type was p[8] (in 82.7%). the most common g-p combination detected was g1p[8] ... | 2010 | 20684704 |
| characterization of 2 human genotype g10 rotavirus strains, 3008cm and 1784/ci/1999, isolated in cameroon and cote d'ivoire during the 1999-2000 rotavirus season. | during routine rotavirus surveillance projects in cameroon and cote d'ivoire, 2 fecal samples collected from 2 children <5 years of age who presented with symptoms of gastroenteritis were found to give anomalous g typing results. these specimens were strongly rotavirus positive by enzyme immunoassay, displayed vp6 subgroup ii specificity and long rna electropherotypes, and were typed as rotavirus serotype g2 with monoclonal antibodies. in addition, the strains were typed as rotavirus vp7 genotyp ... | 2010 | 20684705 |
| molecular characterization and genotyping of human rotavirus strains in abidjan, cote d'ivoire. | in this study, we characterized human rotavirus strains recovered from infants and young children with acute diarrhea in abidjan, cote d'ivoire, during 2000-2004. in total, 719 fecal specimens were collected from children aged 1-60 months with acute infantile gastroenteritis. examination with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed the presence of group a rotavirus antigen in 208 diarrheal specimens (28.9%). polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the rna extracted from rotavirus-pos ... | 2010 | 20684706 |
| antigenic and molecular characterization of unusual rotavirus strains in burkina faso in 1999. | thirty-six of 37 rotavirus strains recovered from the diarrheal stools of 166 children <3 years of age in burkina faso were characterized at both the antigenic and molecular levels. the rotavirus strains were confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; 30 displayed predominantly short electropherotype patterns, and 6 had a long rna pattern. the strains were subgrouped by monoclonal antibody enzyme immunoassay for vp6 and were typed as subgroup i (29 of 30 short rotavirus strains) and subgro ... | 2010 | 20684707 |
| review of rotavirus studies in africa: 1976-2006. | rotavirus is a common cause of severe diarrheal disease in children worldwide. ninety percent of the associated deaths occur in sub-saharan africa and south east asia. our aim was to review the prevalence of rotavirus infection in africa over the past 30 years. | 2010 | 20684708 |
| the global spread of rotavirus g10 strains: detection in ghanaian children hospitalized with diarrhea. | from october 2003 through september 2004, a total of 289 stool samples were collected from children <5 years of age who had severe diarrhea at admission to or when visiting the emergency department at the navrongo war memorial hospital in rural ghana during a study on rotavirus disease burden. rotavirus antigen was detected in 115 stool samples (39.8%) tested for rotavirus. four rotavirus-positive samples were found to bear g10p[6] specificity by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, ... | 2010 | 20684709 |
| rotavirus disease in guinea-bissau, west africa: a review of longitudinal community and hospital studies. | rotavirus is one of the most common causes of childhood diarrheal disease and deaths in sub-saharan africa. this article reviews community- and hospital-based surveillance of rotavirus disease in bissau, guinea-bissau, west africa. here, rotavirus infections exhibit a seasonal pattern, with annual epidemics occurring during the relatively dry and cooler months, from january to april, and few cases registered from may to december. most children (74%) experience their first infection before the ag ... | 2010 | 20684710 |
| the effect of high-dose vitamin a supplementation given with bacille calmette-guérin vaccine at birth on infant rotavirus infection and diarrhea: a randomized prospective study from guinea-bissau. | prophylactic vitamin a supplementation (vas) reduces mortality and may reduce morbidity associated with diarrhea in children >6 months of age. rotavirus is the most common cause of acute dehydrating diarrhea among children worldwide. | 2010 | 20684711 |
| rotavirus strain diversity in the centre coast of tunisia from 2000 through 2003. | an epidemiological survey investigating rotavirus infection in children was undertaken in the coastal region of tunisia from january 2000 through september 2003. a total of 309 fecal specimens were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and latex agglutination assay for the presence of group a rotavirus antigen. the detection rate was 26.2%. rotavirus outbreaks showed a temperature-dependant pattern (p = .026) but no significant association with rainfall. rotavirus strains isolated were a ... | 2010 | 20684712 |
| molecular characterization of rotavirus strains circulating in oman in 2005. | limited genotyping data are available for rotavirus strains in the middle east. in this study, we investigated the molecular epidemiology of human rotavirus strains circulating in the sultanate of oman during 2005. rotavirus was detected in 178 (57.4%) of 310 of the diarrheal stools of young children <5 years admitted to hospitals and outpatients clinics. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated the cocirculation of 8 strains, although 2 strains predominated across the sultanate. genotypi ... | 2010 | 20684713 |
| rotavirus genotypes among hospitalized children in egypt, 2000-2002. | rotavirus type surveillance is essential to assess the success of rotavirus vaccines. rotavirus strains collected in 2000-2002 during hospital-based surveillance for diarrhea in egyptian children were genotyped. of the 259 (25.2%) rotavirus-positive specimens, 82.4% were common strains (g1p[8], g2p[4], g4p[8]), and the emergent g9 type was detected in 5.3% of samples. | 2010 | 20684714 |
| rotavirus strain types circulating in africa: review of studies published during 1997-2006. | rotavirus is responsible for more than half a million deaths among infants and young children worldwide each year; many of these deaths could be prevented by widespread use of an effective rotavirus vaccine. the diversity of rotavirus strains in many developing countries, where most rotavirus deaths occur, could represent a significant challenge to the efficacy of current vaccines. in anticipation of rotavirus vaccine introduction, we examined studies published over a 10-year period (1997-2006) ... | 2010 | 20684715 |
| genetic and antigenic diversity of human rotaviruses: potential impact on vaccination programs. | the successful development and implementation of rotavirus vaccines will have a significant impact on rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis in children worldwide. however, this introduction will increase the immune pressure against wild-type rotavirus strains circulating in the community, altering the forces and balances that drive rotavirus evolution. there is concern that antigenically distinct novel or rare strains may be selected and spread, decreasing vaccine efficacy. this review describes the ... | 2010 | 20684716 |
| determination of the g and p types of previously nontypeable rotavirus strains from the african rotavirus network, 1996-2004: identification of unusual g types. | a total of 215 nontypeable rotavirus samples collected from children <5 years of age by members of the african rotavirus network were characterized using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis and sequencing. the most predominant strain identified was p[8]g1 (46.9%). genotypes p[8]g10, p[8]g8, p[6]g8, and p[7]g5 were also detected at frequencies varying from 0.5% to 2.3%. this study suggests that reassortment of unusual g types into a background of globally common genotype p[8] ... | 2010 | 20684717 |
| burden and epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in selected african countries: preliminary results from the african rotavirus surveillance network. | severe rotavirus diarrhea in children <5 years of age is a major public health problem; however, limited regional and country specific data on rotavirus disease burden are available from sub-saharan africa. in june 2006, the world health organization regional office for africa initiated rotavirus surveillance in selected african countries. with use of standardized methodology developed by the world health organization, children <5 years of age who were hospitalized with severe diarrhea were enro ... | 2010 | 20684718 |
| emergence and characterization of serotype g9 rotavirus strains from africa. | serotype g9 strains have been detected sporadically and in localized outbreaks in various african countries, including south africa, botswana, malawi, kenya, cameroon, nigeria, ghana, guinea-bissau, libya, and mauritius. serotype g9 strains were analyzed to investigate genogroup characteristics, including subgroup specificity, electropherotype, and p and g genotypes. in addition, the antigenic composition of the south african g9 strains was assessed. african g9 strains were associated with both ... | 2010 | 20684719 |
| diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in west africa from 1996 to 2000. | 2010 | 20684720 | |
| influence of potential protective mechanisms on the development of live rotavirus vaccines. | rotaviruses cause extensive morbidity and mortality worldwide, thus corroborating the need for a vaccine that is effective in all socioeconomic environments. vaccines evaluated in clinical trials have all been live attenuated rotaviruses that are delivered orally to mimic the excellent protection observed after natural infection. the mechanisms by which these vaccine candidates or wild-type rotaviruses elicit protection are not fully understood. during the 1980s, several candidate vaccines provi ... | 2010 | 20684721 |
| rotarix in developing countries: paving the way for inclusion in national childhood immunization programs in africa. | rotavirus gastroenteritis causes more than half a million deaths annually among children aged <5 years, the great majority of which occur in africa and asia. vaccination is considered to be the most effective public health strategy to prevent rotavirus disease and to reduce the significant global burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis. rotarix (glaxosmithkline biologicals) is an oral, live attenuated rotavirus vaccine derived from a human g1p[8] rotavirus strain. results of phase iii studies in eur ... | 2010 | 20684722 |
| rotateq: progress toward developing world access. | phase iii studies of an oral, live, pentavalent, human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine (rotateq; merck) in developed countries have demonstrated that it is well tolerated with regard to intussusception and other adverse events and is efficacious in preventing rotavirus gastroenteritis and associated healthcare encounters. however, it cannot be assumed that rotavirus vaccines will be equally efficacious in infants and young children in the developing world. differences in host populations, a ... | 2010 | 20684723 |
| comparison of 2 different regimens for reactogenicity, safety, and immunogenicity of the live attenuated oral rotavirus vaccine rix4414 coadministered with oral polio vaccine in south african infants. | a phase ii, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in south africa during 2003-2004 to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of 2 regimens of the live attenuated oral human rotavirus vaccine rix4414 when coadministered with the expanded program on immunization childhood vaccines, including oral polio vaccine. | 2010 | 20684724 |
| rounding up rotavirus. | 2010 | 20386406 | |
| preconceptional oral vaccination prevents experimental biliary atresia in newborn mice. | biliary atresia (ba) in humans resembles ba induced in balb/c-mice by rhesus rotavirus (rrv). in mice, susceptibility to ba is ascribed to the lack of maternally derived immune protection. this study investigated whether vaccination of dams against rrv protected their offspring from developing ba. | 2010 | 20387202 |
| rotavirus nsp5 orchestrates recruitment of viroplasmic proteins. | rotavirus genome replication and the first steps of virus morphogenesis take place in cytoplasmic viral factories, called viroplasms, containing four structural (vp1, vp2, vp3 and vp6) and two non-structural (nsp2 and nsp5) proteins. nsp2 and nsp5 have been shown to be essential for viroplasm formation and, when co-expressed in uninfected cells, to form viroplasm-like structures (vls). in the present work, vls formation was shown upon co-expression of nsp5 with the core protein vp2 despite the a ... | 2010 | 20200190 |
| analysis of genetic diversity and molecular evolution of human group b rotaviruses based on whole genome segments. | group b rotavirus (gbr) is a rare enteric pathogen that causes severe diarrhoea, primarily in adults. nearly full-length sequences of all 11 rna segments were determined for human gbrs detected recently in india (idh-084 in 2007, ic-008 in 2008), bangladesh (bang117 in 2003) and myanmar (mmr-b1 in 2007), and analysed phylogenetically with the sequence data of gbrs reported previously. all rna segments of gbr strains from india, bangladesh and myanmar showed >95 % nucleotide sequence identities. ... | 2010 | 20200192 |
| meeting report: a celebration of the work of professor tony hart, liverpool, united kingdom, 7 march 2009. | over 300 delegates participated in this scientific meeting to celebrate the career of the late professor tony hart, who was head of department of medical microbiology, university of liverpool, from 1986 until his death in september 2007. the meeting, which was opened by professor james stewart (head, school of infection and host defence, university of liverpool) and closed by professor bernard brabin (head of the child health group, liverpool school of tropical medicine), captured some of the ma ... | 2010 | 20207719 |
| molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses in bulgaria: annual shift of the predominant genotype. | rotavirus molecular epidemiology investigations provide important information about the incidence of rotavirus diseases and rotavirus strains in circulation in the prevaccine era. the purpose of this investigation was to study the burden of rotavirus disease, rotavirus strain diversity, and epidemiology specificities of rotavirus infections in bulgaria. a total of 3,130 stools collected between 2005 and 2008 were tested by immune enzyme tests. g-p genotype identification of rotavirus strains wer ... | 2010 | 20217165 |
| molecular characterization of vp7 gene of human rotaviruses from bangladesh. | this study was carried out during july 2005-june 2006, to characterize rotaviruses circulating in bangladeshi children less than 5 years attended a peri-urban hospital. the proportion of rotavirus diarrhea was 39.5%. genotype g2 was dominant (45.5%) followed by g1 (24.8%), g12 (9.6%), g9 (8.5%), and g4 (2.1%). g2 were mainly in combination with p[4], g1 and g9 with p[8], and g12 with p[6]. phylogenetically bangladeshi g1, g2, and g12 were closely related with the respective types from india, whe ... | 2010 | 20217207 |
| detection and molecular characterization of enteric viruses in breeder turkeys. | the present study was undertaken to detect and characterize enteric viruses (rotavirus, astrovirus, reovirus, and coronavirus) in breeder poults. five turkey breeder flocks were selected. faecal samples were collected from all flocks at 1 week of age and then every other week until the poults reached 9 weeks of age. the faecal samples were pooled in groups of five. of the 193 pools ("samples") tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, 47.2%, 30.6%, and 10.4% samples were positiv ... | 2010 | 20390537 |
| vp6 gene diversity in brazilian strains of porcine group c rotavirus. | group c rotavirus (rv-c) has been found in brazilian pig herds; however, wild-type strains have not yet been characterized. we made a molecular analysis of a region of gene 5 in brazilian rv-c strains. stool samples from 11 piglets (diarrheic and with normal consistency) positive for the rv-c vp6 gene in an rt-pcr assay were sequenced. a 270-bp amplicon of nine sequences was analyzed. all sequences showed high identity to the cowden strain of the porcine rv-c prototype and 81.3 to 94.3% to each ... | 2010 | 20391334 |
| rotavirus nonstructural protein 1 suppresses virus-induced cellular apoptosis to facilitate viral growth by activating the cell survival pathways during early stages of infection. | following virus infection, one of the cellular responses to limit the virus spread is induction of apoptosis. in the present study, we report role of rotavirus nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) in regulating apoptosis by activating prosurvival pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k)/akt and nf-kappab (nuclear factor kappab) during early hours of infections (2 to 8 hpi). the nsp1 mutant strain a5-16 induces weak and transient activation of akt (protein kinase b) and p65 nf-kappab compa ... | 2010 | 20392855 |
| asymptomatic rotavirus infections in england: prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors. | rotavirus is a major cause of infectious intestinal disease in young children; a substantial prevalence of asymptomatic infection has been reported across all age groups. in this study, the authors determined characteristics of asymptomatic rotavirus infection and potential risk factors for infection. healthy persons were recruited at random from the general population of england during the study of infectious intestinal disease in england (1993-1996). rotavirus infection was identified using re ... | 2010 | 20392863 |
| death mechanisms in epithelial cells following rotavirus infection, exposure to inactivated rotavirus or genome transfection. | intestinal epithelial cell death following rotavirus infection is associated with villus atrophy and gastroenteritis. roles for both apoptosis and necrosis in cytocidal activity within rotavirus-infected epithelial cells have been proposed. additionally, inactivated rotavirus has been reported to induce diarrhoea in infant mice. we further examined the death mechanisms induced in epithelial cell lines following rotavirus infection or inactivated rotavirus exposure. monolayer integrity changes in ... | 2010 | 20392902 |
| bile tolerant lactobacillus reuteri isolated from pig feces inhibits enteric bacterial pathogens and porcine rotavirus. | lactic acid producing bacterial strain probio-16 was isolated from the swine excrements under anaerobic conditions and characterized by morphology and biochemical characteristics. the strain was further identified by 16s rrna gene sequencing and phylogeneitc analysis. the antimicrobial activity of the strain was assayed by testing for growth inhibition of thirteen pathogenic microorganisms. the strain was tested for antiviral activity against porcine rotavirus in vitro in african green monkey ep ... | 2010 | 20396947 |
| rotavirus cell entry. | infecting nearly every child by age five, rotaviruses are the major causative agents of severe gastroenteritis in young children. while much is known about the structure of these nonenveloped viruses and their components, the exact mechanism of viral cell entry is still poorly understood. a consensus opinion that appears to be emerging from recent studies is that rotavirus cell entry involves a series of complex and coordinated events following proteolytic priming of the virus. rotaviruses attac ... | 2010 | 20397068 |
| an integrated cell culture and reverse transcription quantitative pcr assay for detection of infectious rotaviruses in environmental waters. | rotaviruses exist widely in water environments and are the major cause to the gastroenteritis in children. to overcome the limitations associated with the current methods for detecting rotaviruses in environmental samples, such as long duration with the traditional cell culture-based plaque assay, inability to detect infectivity with rt-pcr-based molecular methods and lower sensitivity with elisa tests, we developed an integrated cell culture and reverse transcription quantitative pcr (icc-rt-qp ... | 2010 | 20399813 |
| age dependence of the risk of intussusception following [corrected] rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus tetravalent vaccine: is it beyond doubt? | the relation between the risk of intussusception and age at the time of receipt of the first dose of rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus tetravalent vaccine (rrv-tv) has been studied extensively on the basis of centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) matched case-control study data, using various statistical methods, including conditional logistic regression and quadratic smoothing splines. however, different conclusions have been reported in published analyses regarding the dependence o ... | 2010 | 20400464 |
| efficacy of lactobacillus gg in aboriginal children with acute diarrhoeal disease: a randomised clinical trial. | the effectiveness of probiotic therapy for acute rotavirus infectious diarrhoea in an indigenous setting with bacterial/parasitic diarrhoea is unclear. in the present study, we assessed the efficacy of probiotics in australian aboriginal children in the northern territory admitted to hospital with diarrhoeal disease. | 2010 | 20400916 |
| potential epidemiological and economical impact of two rotavirus vaccines in colombia. | a complete economic study was carried out to assess the economical impact of two rotavirus vaccine in colombia. a markov decision model was built to assess the health outcomes from birth to 24 months of age for three hypothetical cohorts: one unvaccinated, one vaccinated with 2 doses of rotarix and the third, with 3 doses of rotateq. without vaccination, the annual number of medical visits by diarrhea in children under 2 years would be 1,293,159 cases, with 105,378 medical visits and 470 deaths ... | 2010 | 20347057 |
| post-natal paucity of regulatory t cells and control of nk cell activation in experimental biliary atresia. | although recent studies have identified important roles for t and nk cells in the pathogenesis of biliary atresia (ba), the mechanisms by which susceptibility to bile duct injury is restricted to the neonatal period are unknown. | 2010 | 20347178 |
| the effect of rotavirus vaccine on diarrhoea mortality. | approximately 39% of the global diarrhoea deaths in children aged 5 years may be attributable to rotavirus infection. two rotavirus vaccines were recently introduced to the market, with evidence of efficacy in the usa, europe and latin america. we sought to estimate the effectiveness of these vaccines against rotavirus morbidity and mortality. | 2010 | 20348127 |
| fate and transport of zoonotic, bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens during swine manure treatment, storage, and land application. | members of the public are always somewhat aware of foodborne and other zoonotic pathogens; however, recent illnesses traced to produce and the emergence of pandemic h1n1 influenza virus have increased the scrutiny on all areas of food production. the council for agricultural science and technology has recently published a comprehensive review of the fate and transport of zoonotic pathogens that can be associated with swine manure. the majority of microbes in swine manure are not zoonotic, but se ... | 2010 | 20348375 |
| identification of norovirus as the top enteric viruses detected in adult cases with acute gastroenteritis. | to elucidate the importance of the norovirus and other enteric viruses, and the difference of the genetic relatedness on norovirus between the outbreak and sporadic cases, a total of 557 stool samples, consisting of 503 sporadic cases and 54 samples of 4 outbreaks were collected and tested for norovirus and other enteric viruses in beijing, china, july 2007-june 2008. the data showed norovirus, rotavirus, astrovirus, and sapovirus, were detected in 26.6%, 6.1%, 1.8%, and 0.5%, respectively. noro ... | 2010 | 20348525 |
| reassortment of human rotavirus gene segments into g11 rotavirus strains. | g11 rotaviruses are believed to be of porcine origin. however, a limited number of g11 rotaviruses have been recently isolated from humans in combination with p[25], p[8], p[6], and p[4]. to investigate the evolutionary relationships of these strains, we analyzed the complete genomes of 2 human g11p[25] strains, 2 human g11p[8] strains, and 3 porcine reference strains. most of the 11 gene segments of these 7 strains belonged to genotype 1 (wa-like). however, phylogenetic clustering patterns sugg ... | 2010 | 20350376 |
| mechanism of intraparticle synthesis of the rotavirus double-stranded rna genome. | rotaviruses perform the remarkable tasks of transcribing and replicating 11 distinct double-stranded rna genome segments within the confines of a subviral particle. multiple viral polymerases are tethered to the interior of a particle, each dedicated to a solitary genome segment but acting in synchrony to synthesize rna. although the rotavirus polymerase specifically recognizes rna templates in the absence of other proteins, its enzymatic activity is contingent upon interaction with the viral ca ... | 2010 | 20351108 |
| reduction in gastroenteritis in united states children and correlation with early rotavirus vaccine uptake from national medical claims databases. | we sought to estimate rotavirus disease reduction among children in hospital and office settings in the 4 us regions following rotavirus vaccine introduction and to estimate vaccine uptake. | 2010 | 20354464 |
| detection and genotyping of korean porcine rotaviruses. | porcine group a rotavirus (garv) is considered to be an important animal pathogen due to their economic impact in the swine industry and its potential to cause heterologous infections in humans. this study examined 475 fecal samples from 143 farms located in 6 provinces across south korea. rt-pcr and nested pcr utilizing primer pairs specific for the garv vp6 gene detected garv-positive reactions in 182 (38.3%) diarrheic fecal samples. a total of 98 porcine garv strains isolated from the garv-po ... | 2010 | 20359834 |
| community incidence of norovirus-associated infectious intestinal disease in england: improved estimates using viral load for norovirus diagnosis. | existing estimates of the incidence of infectious intestinal disease (iid) caused by norovirus are based on electron microscopy or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). neither method accurately represents norovirus disease burden: electron microscopy has poor diagnostic sensitivity, and rt-pcr has poor diagnostic specificity. in this study, viral load measurements were used to identify cases of norovirus-associated iid and to produce new incidence estimates for england. iid ... | 2010 | 20360244 |
| characterization of rotavirus strains from day care centers: pre- and post-rotavirus vaccine era. | in 2006 the rotavirus vaccine was included in the brazilian immunization program. the aim of this study was to report the results of a 5-year surveillance study of rotavirus strains in children < 5 years with acute gastroenteritis from day care centers in the state of são paulo, brazil. | 2010 | 20361122 |
| isolation and characterization of the first chinese strain of porcine teschovirus-8. | investigations were carried out to identify the causal agent of acute diarrhea, respiratory distress, and death of pigs on a swine farm in jilin province, northern china. only porcine teschovirus (ptv, designated as ptv-8 jilin/2003) was isolated from samples of organs. the presence of ptv was confirmed by the production of a specific cytopathic effect on susceptible cells and by the results of the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma), polymerase chain reaction, and electron microscopy. other ... | 2010 | 20362007 |
| [the rotavirus vaccine is effective]. | 2010 | 20369429 | |
| global impact of rotavirus vaccines. | the who has recently recommended the inclusion of rotavirus vaccine in the national immunization programs of all countries. in countries in the americas, europe and australia that have adopted routine childhood immunization against rotavirus, significant reductions in the burden of severe childhood diarrhea have been observed. besides protecting vaccinated children, disease rates also appear to be reduced in unvaccinated children, suggesting indirect benefits from vaccination (i.e., herd protect ... | 2010 | 20370550 |
| porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line (ipec-j2) of rotavirus infection as a new model for the study of innate immune responses to rotaviruses and probiotics. | previous studies of epithelial immune responses to rotavirus infection have been conducted in transformed cell lines. in this study, we evaluated a non-transformed porcine jejunum epithelial cell line (ipec-j2) as an in-vitro model of rotavirus infection and probiotic treatment. cell-culture-adapted porcine rotavirus (prv) osu strain, or human rotavirus (hrv) wa strain, along with lactobacillus acidophilus (la) or lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) were used to inoculate ipec-j2 cells. la or lgg t ... | 2010 | 20373994 |
| effect of mutations in vp5 hydrophobic loops on rotavirus cell entry. | experiments in cell-free systems have demonstrated that the vp5 cleavage fragment of the rotavirus spike protein, vp4, undergoes a foldback rearrangement that translocates three clustered hydrophobic loops from one end of the molecule to the other. this conformational change resembles the foldback rearrangements of enveloped virus fusion proteins. by recoating rotavirus subviral particles with recombinant vp4 and vp7, we tested the effects on cell entry of substituting hydrophilic for hydrophobi ... | 2010 | 20375171 |
| viral nucleic acids in live-attenuated vaccines: detection of minority variants and an adventitious virus. | metagenomics and a panmicrobial microarray were used to examine eight live-attenuated viral vaccines. viral nucleic acids in trivalent oral poliovirus (opv), rubella, measles, yellow fever, varicella-zoster, multivalent measles/mumps/rubella, and two rotavirus live vaccines were partially purified, randomly amplified, and pyrosequenced. over half a million sequence reads were generated covering from 20 to 99% of the attenuated viral genomes at depths reaching up to 8,000 reads per nucleotides. m ... | 2010 | 20375174 |
| probiotics. | the pharmacology, uses, dosages, safety, drug interactions, and contraindications of probiotics are reviewed. | 2010 | 20208051 |
| in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the efficacy of bovine colostrum against human rotavirus infection. | we found that skimmed and concentrated bovine late colostrum (scblc) obtained from normal cows at 6-7 d after parturition exhibited high potency in inhibiting replication of human rotavirus (hrv) in vitro. furthermore, prophylactic oral administration of scblc once before inoculation of hrv prevented the development of diarrhea in suckling mice in vivo. scblc from normal cows might be useful in the prevention of hrv-induced severe gastroenteritis in immunocompromised hosts. | 2010 | 20208370 |
| predominance of rotavirus g2p[4] and emergence of g12p[9] strains in asunción, paraguay, 2006-2007. | rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children worldwide. monitoring the diversity of rotavirus strains is of great importance for current and future vaccination programs. to determine the diversity of rotavirus circulating in asuncion, paraguay, between 2006 and 2007, we carried out a molecular characterization of rotaviruses detected in children <5 years old and adults (>18 years old). we found that the most common circulating strain was g2p[4] (69/143), followed by g9p[8] ( ... | 2010 | 20213281 |
| rotavirus infection of murine small intestine causes colonic secretion via age restricted galanin-1 receptor expression. | mechanisms for age restriction of rotavirus diarrhea are unclear. because rotavirus primarily infects small intestine, colonic contribution has not been widely studied. recent data suggest that colonic secretion postbacterial infection is mediated by galanin-1 receptors (gal1-r). we evaluated age-dependent expression of gal1-r in rhesus rotavirus (rrv)-infected mice and its contribution to fluid secretion. | 2010 | 20197068 |
| rotavirus enterotoxin nsp4 has mucosal adjuvant properties. | rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (nsp4) is a protein with pleiotropic properties. it functions in rotavirus morphogenesis, pathogenesis, and is the first described viral enterotoxin. since many bacterial toxins function as potent mucosal adjuvants, we evaluated whether baculovirus-expressed recombinant simian rotavirus sa11 nsp4 possesses adjuvant activity by co-administering nsp4 with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh), tetanus toxoid (tt) or ovalbumin (ova) as model antigens in mice. following i ... | 2010 | 20197138 |
| modelling the seasonality of rotavirus disease and the impact of vaccination in england and wales. | two rotavirus vaccines are currently recommended for inclusion in routine childhood immunization programmes. we developed a deterministic age-structured model of rotavirus transmission and disease to investigate the population-level effects of vaccination in england and wales. the model explicitly captures the natural history of infection and uses realistic population mixing patterns. the model accurately reproduces the strong seasonal pattern and age distribution of rotavirus disease observed i ... | 2010 | 20197142 |