Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| ultrastructural changes associated with the enhanced permeability of the round window membrane mediated by ultrasound microbubbles. | the round window membrane (rwm) is the most common entryway for local drug and gene delivery into the inner ear, but its permeability can change the treatment outcome. we previously demonstrated a feasible and highly efficient approach using ultrasound-aided microbubble (usmb) cavitation to enhance the permeability of the rwm. here, we investigated the safety of usmb exposure and the association between temporal changes in rwm permeability and ultrastructure. experimental guinea pigs were divide ... | 2019 | 32047431 |
| intracochlear perfusion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces sensorineural hearing loss and synaptic degeneration in guinea pigs. | tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a prominent role in the nervous system, mediating a range of physiologic and pathologic functions. in the auditory system, elevated levels of tnf-α have been implicated in several types of sensorineural hearing loss, including sensorineural hearing loss induced by vestibular schwannoma, a potentially fatal intracranial tumor that originates from the eighth cranial nerve; however, the mechanisms underlying the tumor's de ... | 2019 | 32116980 |
| effect of electroacupuncture on arginine vasopressin-induced endolymphatic hydrops. | to investigate the influence of electroacupuncture (ea) on experimentally induced endolymphatic hydrops (eh) in guinea pigs, and elucidate the association between the dehydrating effect of ea and changes in stria vascularis ultrastructure and expression of vasopressin type 2 receptor (v2r), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp), and aquaporin 2 (aqp2) in the endolymphatic sac (es). | 2019 | 32186045 |
| isolation and initial propagation of guinea pig adenovirus (gpadv) in cavia porcellus cell lines. | background: the lack of adequate in vitro systems to isolate and propagate guinea pig adenovirus (gpadv), a prevalent cause of respiratory illness of varaible severity in laboratory guinea pig colonies worldwide, has precluded its formal characterization to allow for the development of comprehensive diagnostic assays, and for the execution of complex pathogenesis and basic virology studies. methods: two strains of gpadv were isolated in guinea pig ( cavia porcellus) cell cultures from frozen ar ... | 2019 | 32226606 |
| applicability of vital staining and tissue clearing to vascular anatomy and melanocytes' evaluation of temporal bone in six laboratory species. | the purpose of the present study was to define the applicability of tissue clearing to the field of otology. we combined tissue clearing with vital staining perfusion via a pumping system to examine the vascular anatomy of temporal bones in laboratory animals. we used six different types of species including korean wild mouse, mouse, mongolian gerbil, hamsters and guinea pigs. a mixture of alcian blue reagent and 4% paraformaldehyde was circulated throughout the entire circulatory system of the ... | 2019 | 30916435 |
| comparing the superficial vasculature of the central nervous system in six laboratory animals: a hypothesis about the role of the "circle of willis". | we provide images of the entire central nervous system vasculature, and compare the anatomical findings in six different laboratory animals. a detailed understanding of the specific anatomy for each is important in the design of experimental modeling and for understanding the specific function of each target organ. six different types of animals, the korean wild mouse, c57bl/6j mouse, f344 rat, mongolian gerbil, syrian hamsters, and guinea pigs, were included. to stain the blood vessels in each ... | 2019 | 31087813 |
| evolution of ccl16 in glires (rodentia and lagomorpha) shows an unusual random pseudogenization pattern. | the c-c motif chemokine ligand 16 (ccl16) is a potent pro-inflammatory chemokine and a chemoattractant for monocytes and lymphocytes. in normal plasma, it is present at high concentrations and elicits its effects on cells by interacting with cell surface chemokine receptors. in the european rabbit and in rodents such as mouse, rat and guinea pig, ccl16 was identified as a pseudogene, while in the thirteen-lined ground squirrel it appears to be potentially functional. to gain insight into the evo ... | 2019 | 30786851 |
| multiple conserved elements structuring inverted repeats in the mammalian coat color-related gene asip. | in the agouti signaling gene protein (asip) of the house mouse (mus musculus), inverted repeat (ir) arrays are known to exist in a non-coding region adjacent to the ventral-specific promoter region and the accompanying two exons (exons 1a and 1a'), which are around 100 kb upstream from the amino acid coding regions of exons 2, 3, and 4. to determine the gene structure of mammalian asip and to elucidate trends in its evolution, non-coding sequences of six rodent (mouse, rat, chinese hamster, squi ... | 2019 | 31116535 |
| differential role of r-met-hu g-csf on male reproductive function and development in prepubertal domestic mammals. | the understanding of mammalian spermatogenesis niche factors active during sexual development may be leveraged to impact reproduction in farm animals. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of r-met-hu/g-csf (filgrastim) on prepubertal sexual development of guinea pigs (cavia porcellus) and ram lambs (ovis aries). individuals of both species were administered r-met-hu/g-csf daily for 4 days. during and after administration protocols, testicular function and development were assessed t ... | 2019 | 31557198 |
| cone-to-müller cell ratio in the mammalian retina: a survey of seven mammals with different lifestyle. | mammalian retinal glial (müller) cells are known to guide light through the inner retina to photoreceptors (franze et al., 2007; proc natl acad sci u s a 104:8287-8292). it was shown that müller cells transmit predominantly red-green and less violet-blue light (labin et al., 2014; nat commun 5:4319). it is not known whether this optical function is reflected in the cone-to-müller cell ratio. to determine this ratio in the retinas of mammals with different lifestyle, we evaluated the local densit ... | 2019 | 30641045 |
| maternal undernourishment in guinea pigs leads to fetal growth restriction with increased hypoxic cells and oxidative stress in the brain. | we determined whether maternal nutrient restriction (mnr) in guinea pigs leading to fetal growth restriction (fgr) impacts markers for brain hypoxia and oxidative stress. | 2019 | 32316015 |
| effect of olive oil administration on the level of transforming growth factor β1 during orthodontic tooth movement in old and young guinea pigs. | background: orthodontic tooth movement occurs due to continuous pressure on the teeth, causing the remodeling of the alveolar bone. the tissue will respond to bone growth factors, such as transforming growth factor β1 (tgf-β1), fibroblasts, and bone morphogenetic proteins, for new bone formation. the remodeling process is balanced in young adults, but there is an imbalance in older individuals due to decreased differentiation, activity, and life span of osteoblasts, and increased osteoclasts. ol ... | 2019 | 32566132 |
| assembly, biochemical characterization, immunogenicity, adjuvanticity, and efficacy of shigella artificial invaplex. | the native invaplex (invaplexnat) vaccine and adjuvant is an ion exchange-purified product derived from the water extract of virulent shigella species. the key component of invaplexnat is a high-molecular-mass complex (hmmc) consisting of the shigella lipopolysaccharide (lps) and the invasin proteins ipab and ipac. to improve product purity and immunogenicity, artificial invaplex (invaplexar) was developed using recombinant ipab and ipac proteins and purified shigella lps to assemble an hmmc con ... | 2019 | 29600284 |
| massive release of the histamine-degrading enzyme diamine oxidase during severe anaphylaxis in mastocytosis patients. | histaminolytic activity mediated by diamine oxidase (dao) is present in plasma after induction of severe anaphylaxis in rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits. heparin released during mast cell degranulation in the gastrointestinal tract might liberate dao from heparin-sensitive storage sites. dao release during anaphylaxis has not been demonstrated in humans. | 2019 | 30418682 |
| cell-based assays and molecular dynamics analysis of a boron-containing agonist with different profiles of binding to human and guinea pig beta2 adrenoceptors. | the design of beta2 adrenoceptor (β2ar) agonists is attractive because of their wide-ranging applications in medicine, and the details of agonist interactions with β2ar are interesting because it is considered a prototype for g-protein coupled receptors. preclinical studies for agonist development have involved biological assays with guinea pigs due to a similar physiology to humans. boron-containing albuterol derivatives (bcads) designed as bronchodilators have improved potency and efficacy com ... | 2019 | 30386878 |
| piezo proteins: incidence and abundance in the enteric nervous system. is there a link with mechanosensitivity? | piezo channels play fundamental roles in many physiological processes. their presence and functional role in the enteric nervous system is still not known. we hypothesize that they play a role in mechanotransduction in enteric neurons. our aims are to quantify the presence of both piezo1 and 2 in enteric neurons throughout the gastrointestinal tract using immunohistochemistry and analyze their function(s) using neuroimaging techniques and pharmacological investigations. in order to perform a sys ... | 2019 | 30324494 |
| in vivo hepatic clearance of lipophilic drugs predicted by in vitro uptake data into cryopreserved hepatocytes suspended in sera of rats, guinea pigs, monkeys and humans. | evaluation of uptake of lipophilic acid compounds into hepatocytes was an unresolved drug development issue because of their adsorption to cells and materials and low analytical sensitivity and accuracy in assessment of protein bindings. uptake assays of compounds using hepatocytes suspended in serum were expected to solve these problems for prediction of in vivo hepatic clearance. here, for compounds with high protein binding (>99%), diflunisal, montelukast, cerivastatin, telmisartan, fluvastat ... | 2019 | 30124359 |
| species-specific glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the small intestine-studies in three different mammalian models. | besides the liver, which has always been considered the major source of endogenous glucose production in all post-absorptive situations, kidneys and intestines can also produce glucose in blood, particularly during fasting and under protein feeding. however, observations gained in different experimental animals have given ambiguous results concerning the presence of the glucose-6-phosphatase system in the small intestine. the aim of this study was to better define the species-related differences ... | 2019 | 31614497 |
| intestinal parasites of pets and other house-kept animals in moscow. | a study screening pet animals (dogs, cats, chinchillas, ferrets, guinea pigs, rabbits, primates, reptiles, and hedgehogs) within moscow city limits for intestinal parasitic diseases has been conducted over a period of 6 years. according to the study, parasitic infections caused by intestinal protozoa are found in pet animals more frequently than by intestinal helminths. although dogs and cats exhibit the highest level of diversity of intestinal parasite species, in the group of exotic animals, h ... | 2019 | 31662681 |
| changes over time in the electrically evoked compound action potential (ecap) interphase gap (ipg) effect following cochlear implantation in guinea pigs. | the electrically-evoked compound action potential (ecap) is correlated with spiral ganglion neuron (sgn) density in cochlear implanted animals. in a previous study, we showed that ecap amplitude growth function (agf) linear slopes for stimuli with a constant interphase gap (ipg) changed significantly over time following implantation. related studies have also shown that 1) ipg sensitivity for ecap measures ("ipg effect") is related to sgn density in animals and 2) the ecap ipg effect is related ... | 2019 | 31630082 |
| molecular drivers of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are sustained in mild-to-late fibrosis progression in a guinea pig model. | hepatic fibrosis increases mortality in humans with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (nash), but it remains unclear how fibrosis stage and progression affect the pathogenic mechanisms of nash. this study investigates the transcriptional regulation and the impact of fibrosis stage, of pathways relating to hepatic lipid and cholesterol homeostasis, inflammation and fibrosis using rt-qpcr in the guinea pig nash model. animals were fed a chow (4% fat), a high-fat (20% fat, 0.35% cholesterol) or high-fa ... | 2019 | 30759275 |
| gap-induced inhibition of the post-auricular muscle response in humans and guinea pigs. | a common method for measuring changes in temporal processing sensitivity in both humans and animals makes use of gap-induced inhibition of the acoustic startle (gpias). it is also the basis of a common method for detecting tinnitus in rodents. however, the link to tinnitus has not been properly established because gpias has not yet been used to objectively demonstrate tinnitus in humans. in guinea pigs, the preyer (ear flick) myogenic reflex is an established method for measuring the acoustic st ... | 2019 | 30685571 |
| overview of available toxicity data for calystegines. | calystegines are polyhydroxylated nortropane alkaloids that have been found in various solanaceous foods, in particular in potatoes and aubergines. the biological activity and potential toxicity of calystegines are associated with their capacity to inhibit glycosidases and block carbohydrate metabolism inducing lysosomal storage toxicity. the present report summarises the retrieved information on the possible toxicity of calystegines. only few in vivo short-term toxicological studies in rodents ... | 2019 | 32626111 |
| azithromycin inhibits muscarinic 2 receptor-activated and voltage-activated ca2+ permeant ion channels and ca2+ sensitization, relaxing airway smooth muscle contraction. | azithromycin (azm) has been used for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd); however, the effects and underlying mechanisms of azm remain largely unknown. the effects of azm on airway smooth muscles (asms) and the underlying mechanisms were studied using isometric muscle force measurements, the examination of lung slices, imaging, and patch-clamp techniques. azm completely inhibited acetylcholine (ach)-induced precontraction of asms in animals (mice, guinea pigs ... | 2019 | 30609110 |
| nanoscavenger provides long-term prophylactic protection against nerve agents in rodents. | nerve agents are a class of organophosphorus compounds (ops) that blocks communication between nerves and organs. because of their acute neurotoxicity, it is extremely difficult to rescue the victims after exposure. numerous efforts have been devoted to search for an effective prophylactic nerve agent bioscavenger to prevent the deleterious effects of these compounds. however, low scavenging efficiency, unfavorable pharmacokinetics, and immunological problems have hampered the development of eff ... | 2019 | 30602537 |
| a trivalent gc2/gd2/ge2 vaccine for herpes simplex virus generates antibody responses that block immune evasion domains on gc2 better than natural infection. | vaccines for prevention and treatment of genital herpes are high public health priorities. our approach towards vaccine development is to focus on blocking virus entry mediated by herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) glycoprotein d (gd2) and to prevent the virus from evading complement and antibody attack by blocking the immune evasion domains on hsv-2 glycoproteins c (gc2) and e (ge2), respectively. hsv-2 gc2 and ge2 are expressed on the virion envelope and infected cell surface where they are p ... | 2019 | 30551986 |
| host-specific expression of ixodes scapularis salivary genes. | ixodes scapularis vectors several pathogens including borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme disease. nymphal and larval stages, and the pathogens transmitted by i. scapularis are maintained in a zoonotic cycle involving rodent reservoir hosts, predominantly peromyscus leucopus. humans are not reservoir hosts, however, accidental encounters of infected ticks with humans, results in pathogen transmission to the human host. laboratory models of non-reservoir hosts such as guinea pigs develop a st ... | 2019 | 30545615 |
| a systematic review of experimental animal studies on microbial bioaerosols: dose-response data for the derivation of exposure limits. | although exposure to high levels of microbial bioaerosols can be linked to the deterioration of the human respiratory system, precise exposure levels responsible for such effects are still unknown. a previous systematic review concluded that there was not enough information in the studies in humans to derive an exposure-response relationship. thus, the aim of this systematic review was to derive exposure limits for microbial bioaerosols based on health effects in experimental animal studies. a s ... | 2019 | 30497988 |
| increased frequency of virus shedding by herpes simplex virus 2-infected guinea pigs in the absence of cd4+ t lymphocytes. | reactivation of herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) results in infection of epithelial cells at the neuro-epithelial junction and shedding of virus at the epithelial surface. virus shedding can occur in either the presence or absence of clinical disease and is usually of short duration, although the shedding frequency varies among individuals. the basis for host control of virus shedding is not well understood, although adaptive immune mechanisms are thought to play a central role. to determine the i ... | 2019 | 30463981 |
| identification of key amino acids in the pb2 and m1 proteins of h7n9 influenza virus that affect its transmission in guinea pigs. | efficient human-to-human transmission is a prerequisite for a novel influenza virus to cause an influenza pandemic; however, the genetic determinants of influenza virus transmission are still not fully understood. in this study, we compared the respiratory droplet transmissibilities of four h7n9 viruses that are genetic closely related and found that these viruses have dissimilar transmissibilities in guinea pigs: a/anhui/1/2013 (ah/1) transmitted efficiently, whereas the other three viruses did ... | 2019 | 31597771 |
| influenza a(h5n1) virus subunit vaccine administered with capnp adjuvant induce high virus neutralization antibody titers in mice. | the highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 virus continues to spread globally in domestic poultry with sporadic transmission to humans. the possibility for its rapid transmission to humans raised global fears for the virus to gain capacity for human-to-human transmission to start a future pandemic. through direct contact with infected poultry, it caused the largest number of reported cases of severe disease and death in humans of any avian influenza strains. for pandemic preparedness, use of saf ... | 2019 | 31591662 |
| evaluation of the possibility of c. burnetii transmission by the alimentary route in a guinea pig model. | q fever (coxiellosis) is an infectious disease of animals and humans, caused by.c. burnetii and widely distributed throughout the world. it is known that people and animals acquire the disease predominantly.via inhalation of infectious aerosols. the possibility of transmission of the pathogen by the alimentary route is still a matter of debate and remains controversial. therefore the aim of this study was to fill the gaps in knowledge of oral transmission of.c. burnetii by conducting biological ... | 2019 | 31572809 |
| adenoviral vector-based vaccine is fully protective against lethal lassa fever challenge in hartley guinea pigs. | lassa virus (lasv), the causative agent of lassa fever (lf), was first identified in 1969. since then, outbreaks in the endemic countries of nigeria, liberia, and sierra leone occur on an annual basis resulting in a case-fatality rate of 15-70% in hospitalized patients. there is currently no licensed vaccine and there are limited animal models to test vaccine efficacy. an estimated 37.7 million people are at risk of contracting lasv; therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of a sa ... | 2019 | 31561999 |
| ex vivo effect of vascular wall stromal cells secretome on enteric ganglia. | mesenchymal stromal cell (msc)-based therapy is currently under study to treat inflammatory bowel diseases. msc bioactive products could represent a valid alternative to overcome issues associated with systemic whole-cell therapies. however, msc anti-inflammatory mechanisms differ between rodents and humans, impairing the reliability of preclinical models. | 2019 | 31543681 |
| optimization and diagnostic evaluation of monoclonal antibody-based blocking elisa formats for detection of neutralizing antibodies to hendra virus in mammalian sera. | maintenance of hendra virus (hev) in pteropid bat populations has been associated with spillover events in horses, humans and dogs. experimental studies have demonstrated infections for several other species including guinea pigs, cats and ferrets. the criteria of a sensitive and specific serological test that is effective for a range of species, but which does not require use of live virus, has not been satisfactorily addressed by currently available tests. we have evaluated the use of two hev ... | 2019 | 31513861 |
| coxiella burnetii intratracheal aerosol infection model in mice, guinea pigs, and nonhuman primates. | coxiella burnetii, the etiological agent of q fever, is a gram-negative bacterium transmitted to humans by inhalation of contaminated aerosols. acute q fever is often self-limiting, presenting as a febrile illness that can result in atypical pneumonia. in some cases, q fever becomes chronic, leading to endocarditis that can be life threatening. the formalin-inactivated whole-cell vaccine (wcv) confers long-term protection but has significant side effects when administered to presensitized indivi ... | 2019 | 31501249 |
| h3n2 avian influenza viruses detected in live poultry markets in china bind to human-type receptors and transmit in guinea pigs and ferrets. | the h3n2 influenza viruses became widespread in humans during the 1968 h3n2 pandemic and have been a major cause of influenza epidemics ever since. different lineages of h3n2 influenza viruses are also commonly found in animals. if a different lineage of h3n2 virus jumps to humans, a human influenza pandemic could occur with devastating consequences. here, we studied the genetics, receptor-binding properties, and replication and transmission in mammals of 15 h3n2 avian influenza viruses detected ... | 2019 | 31495283 |
| insertional mutagenesis in the zoonotic pathogen chlamydia caviae. | the ability to introduce targeted genetic modifications in microbial genomes has revolutionized our ability to study the role and mode of action of individual bacterial virulence factors. although the fastidious lifestyle of obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens poses a technical challenge to such manipulations, the last decade has produced significant advances in our ability to conduct molecular genetic analysis in chlamydia trachomatis, a major bacterial agent of infertility and blindness ... | 2019 | 31697687 |
| current in vivo models of varicella-zoster virus neurotropism. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv), an exclusively human herpesvirus, causes chickenpox and establishes a latent infection in ganglia, reactivating decades later to produce zoster and associated neurological complications. an understanding of vzv neurotropism in humans has long been hampered by the lack of an adequate animal model. for example, experimental inoculation of vzv in small animals including guinea pigs and cotton rats results in the infection of ganglia but not a rash. the severe combined ... | 2019 | 31159224 |
| circulating 11-oxygenated androgens across species. | the androgen precursors, dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea) and dhea sulfate (dheas) are produced in high amounts by the adrenal cortex primarily in humans and a few other primates. the human adrenal also secretes 11-oxygenated androgens (11-oxyandrogens), including 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (11oha4), 11-ketoandrostenedione (11ka4), 11β-hydroxytestosterone (11oht) and 11-ketotestosterone (11kt), of which 11oht and 11kt are bioactive androgens. the 11-oxyandrogens, particularly 11kt, have been recogn ... | 2019 | 30959151 |
| antigenic pressure on h3n2 influenza virus drift strains imposes constraints on binding to sialylated receptors but not phosphorylated glycans. | h3n2 strains of influenza a virus emerged in humans in 1968 and have continued to circulate, evolving in response to human immune pressure. during this process of "antigenic drift," viruses have progressively lost the ability to agglutinate erythrocytes of various species and to replicate efficiently under the established conditions for amplifying clinical isolates and generating vaccine candidates. we have determined the glycome profiles of chicken and guinea pig erythrocytes to gain insights i ... | 2019 | 31484755 |
| atp transients accompany spontaneous contractions in isolated guinea-pig detrusor smooth muscle. | what is the central question of this study? overactive bladder is associated with enhanced spontaneous contractions, but their origins are unclear. the aim of this study was to characterize the accompanying atp transients. what is the main finding and its importance? spontaneous detrusor contractions were accompanied by transient increases of atp, and their appearance was delayed by previous activation of efferent nerves to the detrusor. this indicates that spontaneous atp release from nerve ter ... | 2019 | 31464344 |
| eradicating otomycosis with terbinafine solution: basic and clinical investigation. | otomycosis still remains intractable in clinical practice, likely because topical antifungal agents lack efficacy or are potentially toxic to the inner ear end organs. | 2019 | 31454819 |
| animal models for lassa virus infection. | in humans, lassa virus infection can result in disease with hemorrhagic manifestations and high fatality rates. there are no approved treatments or vaccines available and the inherent danger of studying lassa virus means it can only be studied in high containment labs (bsl4). under these conditions, mouse models are becoming an important instrument in the study of lassa virus infection, disease and host responses. while guinea pigs and non-human primates are the critical components in assessing ... | 2019 | 31442921 |
| characterisation of nerve-mediated atp release from bladder detrusor muscle and its pathological implications. | this study aims to characterise the molecular mechanisms that determine variability of atropine resistance of nerve-mediated contractions in human and guinea pig detrusor smooth muscle. | 2019 | 31430833 |
| expression pattern of connexin 26 and connexin 30 in mature cochlea of the monkey. | connexin26 (cx26) and cx30 are the predominant connexin subtypes found in the cochlea. they play an essential role in the cochlear functions. however, most studies use mice and the data on the cochlear expression profiles of the two cxs in higher animals (e.g., humans) are scarce. studies using the cochleae from non-human primate other than mice may provide information needed to narrow this gap. here we studied cellular distributions of cx26 and cx30 in the adult monkey and guinea pig cochleae b ... | 2019 | 31421828 |
| development of an anti-guinea pig cd4 monoclonal antibody for depletion of cd4+ t cells in vivo. | the guinea pig serves as a useful animal model for a number of human diseases and has played an important role during development and testing of experimental vaccines and disease therapies. however, the availability of reagents to examine the immunological response in this species is very limited. monoclonal antibodies (mab) specific for cell surface proteins or products of immune cells have been useful tools for characterizing and quantifying immune responses in humans and in murine models of h ... | 2019 | 31421081 |
| do animals perceive human developmental disabilities? guinea pigs' behaviour with children with autism spectrum disorders and children with typical development. a pilot study. | some cues used by humans and animals during human-animal interactions may have significant effects, modulating these interactions (e.g., gaze direction, heart rate). this study aimed to determine whether an animal in human-animal interactions is capable of "perceiving" its human partner's potential developmental "disabilities". to test this hypothesis, we studied guinea pigs (gp) behaviours in the presence of 44 6-to-12-year-old children with either typical development (td children) or with auti ... | 2019 | 31382429 |
| recombinant subunit vaccines protect guinea pigs from lethal ebola virus challenge. | ebola virus (ebov) is among the deadliest pathogens known to man causing infrequent outbreaks of hemorrhagic disease. in humans, the case fatality rates in the outbreaks can reach 90%. during the west african epidemic almost 30,000 people were infected and of these over 11,000 fatalities were reported. currently, we are facing an uncontained larger outbreak in the democratic republic of the congo. even though ebov was discovered in 1976, extensive efforts to develop countermeasures, particularly ... | 2019 | 31324500 |
| piriform cortex ictogenicity in vitro. | the piriform cortex is recognized to play critical roles in focal ictogenesis, both in animal models and in humans. we review here the contribution of in vitro studies performed on rodent brain tissue that were aimed at understanding the ictogenic properties of the piriform cortex and the contiguous olfactory areas. during in vitro experiments, epileptiform events can be easily generated in the piriform area by diverse pro-convulsive drugs (4-aminopyridine, bicuculline, picrotoxin) or by electri ... | 2019 | 31323250 |
| characterization of swine-origin h1n1 canine influenza viruses. | host switch events of influenza a viruses (iavs) continuously pose a zoonotic threat to humans. in 2013, swine-origin h1n1 iavs emerged in dogs soon after they were detected in swine in the guangxi province of china. this host switch was followed by multiple reassortment events between these h1n1 and previously circulating h3n2 canine iavs (iavs-c) in dogs. to evaluate the phenotype of these newly identified viruses, we characterized three swine-origin h1n1 iavs-c and one reassortant h1n1 iav-c. ... | 2019 | 31287780 |
| legionnaires' disease mortality in guinea pigs involves the p45 mobile genomic element. | legionella can cause legionnaires' disease, a potentially fatal form of pneumonia that occurs as sporadic epidemics. not all strains display the same propensity to cause disease in humans. because legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 is responsible for >85% of infections, the majority of studies have examined this serogroup, but there are 3 commonly used laboratory strains: l pneumophila serogroup 1 philadelphia (phil-1)-derived strains jr32 and lp01 and 130b-derived strain aa100. | 2019 | 31268152 |
| tyrosine kinase inhibitors relax pulmonary arteries in human and murine precision-cut lung slices. | tyrosine kinase inhibitors (tkis) inhibit the platelet derived growth factor receptor (pdgfr) and gain increasing significance in the therapy of proliferative diseases, e.g. pulmonary arterial hypertension (pah). moreover, tkis relax pulmonary vessels of rats and guinea pigs. so far, it is unknown, whether tkis exert relaxation in human and murine pulmonary vessels. thus, we studied the effects of tkis and the pdgfr-agonist pdgf-bb in precision-cut lung slices (pcls) from both species. | 2019 | 31170998 |
| slc:hartley guinea pigs frequently possess duplication of the caudal vena cava. | the formation of the caudal vena cava is a complex process involving development, regression, and anastomosis. in mammals, the normal caudal vena cava runs to the right side of the abdominal aorta, while duplication of the caudal vena cava has been identified as a congenital abnormality in both companion animals and humans. the present study demonstrates that slc:hartley guinea pigs frequently possess asymptomatic duplicated caudal vena cava. the prevalence was 30% and 24% for males and females, ... | 2019 | 31142684 |
| establishment of 3-dimensional scaffolds from hemochorial placentas. | the extracellular matrix (ecm) is a complex, tissue-specific 3-dimensional network that controls cell processes. ecms derived from various organs are used to produce biological scaffolds comparable to the native microenvironment. although placentas are often overlooked, they offer a rich ecm for tissue engineering, especially the hemochorial placentas from rodents and lagomorphs that resemble the ones from humans. | 2019 | 31138429 |
| mucosal immunity against neuraminidase prevents influenza b virus transmission in guinea pigs. | despite efforts to control influenza virus infection and transmission, influenza viruses still cause significant morbidity and mortality in the global human population each year. most of the current vaccines target the immunodominant hemagglutinin surface glycoprotein of the virus. however, reduced severity of disease and viral shedding have also been linked to antibodies targeting the second viral surface glycoprotein, the neuraminidase. importantly, antineuraminidase immunity was shown to be r ... | 2019 | 31113896 |
| pharmacological profile of azd8871 (las191351), a novel inhaled dual m3 receptor antagonist/β2-adrenoceptor agonist molecule with long-lasting effects and favorable safety profile. | azd8871 is a novel muscarinic antagonist and β2-adrenoceptor agonist in development for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. this study describes the pharmacological profile of azd8871 in in vitro and in vivo assays. azd8871 is potent at the human m3 receptor (pic50 in binding assays: 9.5) and shows kinetic selectivity for the m3 (half-life: 4.97 hours) over the m2 receptor (half-life: 0.46 hour). it is selective for the β2-adrenoceptor over the β1 and β3 subtypes (3- and 6-fold, respectively) ... | 2019 | 31085697 |
| the pathogenesis of post-primary tuberculosis. a game changer for vaccine development. | a vaccine that prevents transmission of infection is urgently needed in the fight against tuberculosis (tb). results of clinical trials have been disappointing. major problems include lack of biomarkers and understanding of the mechanisms of disease and protection. a more fundamental problem is that the scientific community seldom recognizes that primary and post-primary tb are distinct disease entities. nearly all vaccine candidates have been designed and tested in models of primary tb, while t ... | 2019 | 31076321 |
| the discovery of q fever and its cause. | an outbreak of a febrile illness among workers in a slaughterhouse in brisbane, australia led e.h. derrick to discover a new infection, which he labeled q fever. almost simultaneously, investigators in montana discovered a new organism in ticks that caused fever in guinea pigs. eventually, investigators found that the q fever and tick microbes were identical. outbreaks of q fever occurred in laboratories, and epidemics of it affected both axis and allied troops in europe during world war ii, but ... | 2019 | 31076071 |
| ocular size and shape in lens-induced myopization in young guinea pigs. | lens-induced myopization in guinea pigs has been used as model for the process of myopization in humans. it has not been explored yet whether the change in globe shape in eyes undergoing myopization is similar in experimental myopia in guinea pigs and in clinical myopia in patients. | 2019 | 31053109 |
| would you like to purchase a rodent with dermatophytes? | the zoophilic dermatophyte trichophyton benhamiae has received attention due to increasing infections in human in recent years. trichophyton benhamiae has been found on asymptomatic rodents from pet shops in several countries posing a potential risk for transmission to humans. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of positive dermatophyte cultures from rodents in danish pet shops in order to clarify the magnitude of potential sources of zoophilic infections and to prevent further ... | 2019 | 31050372 |
| detection, survival and infectious potential of mycobacterium tuberculosis in the environment: a review of the evidence and epidemiological implications. | much remains unknown about mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission. seminal experimental studies from the 1950s demonstrated that airborne expulsion of droplet nuclei from an infectious tuberculosis (tb) patient is the primary route of transmission. however, these findings did not rule out other routes of m. tuberculosis transmission. we reviewed historical scientific evidence from the late 19th/early 20th century and contemporary studies investigating the presence, persistence and infectiousnes ... | 2019 | 31048345 |
| bone conduction hearing in the guinea pig and the effect of artificially induced middle ear lesions. | although human bone conduction (bc) hearing is well investigated, there is a lack of information about bc hearing in most other species. in humans, the amount of conductive loss is estimated as the difference between the air conduction (ac) and bc thresholds. similar estimations for animals are difficult since in most species, the normal bc hearing thresholds have not been established. in the current study, the normal bc thresholds in the frequency range between 2 khz and 20 khz are investigated ... | 2019 | 31039489 |
| therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for ebola virus infection derived from vaccinated humans. | we describe therapeutic monoclonal antibodies isolated from human volunteers vaccinated with recombinant adenovirus expressing ebola virus glycoprotein (ebov gp) and boosted with modified vaccinia virus ankara. among 82 antibodies isolated from peripheral blood b cells, almost half neutralized gp pseudotyped influenza virus. the antibody response was diverse in gene usage and epitope recognition. although close to germline in sequence, neutralizing antibodies with binding affinities in the nano- ... | 2019 | 30943399 |
| duration of protection from live attenuated vs. sub unit hsv-2 vaccines in the guinea pig model of genital herpes: reassessing efficacy using endpoints from clinical trials. | although herpes simplex viruses (hsv) are a major target for vaccine development no vaccine is currently licensed. | 2019 | 30917165 |
| blu-5937: a selective p2x3 antagonist with potent anti-tussive effect and no taste alteration. | blu-5937 is a small molecule that was shown to be a potent, selective and non-competitive p2x3 homotrimeric receptor antagonist. p2x3 receptors are atp ion-gated channels located on primary afferent neurons. atp released from damaged or inflamed tissues in the airways acts on p2x3 receptors of primary afferent neurons, triggering depolarization and action potentials that are transmitted centrally and interpreted as urge to cough. there are strong preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the ... | 2019 | 30902655 |
| frequency-specific activation of the peripheral auditory system using optoacoustic laser stimulation. | hearing impairment is one of the most common sensory deficits in humans. hearing aids are helpful to patients but can have poor sound quality or transmission due to insufficient output or acoustic feedback, such as for high frequencies. implantable devices partially overcome these issues but require surgery with limited locations for device attachment. here, we investigate a new optoacoustic approach to vibrate the hearing organ with laser stimulation to improve frequency bandwidth, not requirin ... | 2019 | 30862850 |
| endoparasites of domesticated animals that originated in the neo-tropics (new world tropics). | this review serves to summarize parasites found in domesticated animals which were found in the neo-tropics. indigenous domesticated neo-tropical animals include south american camelids, (lama gunacoa, lama glama, lama pacos, vicuna vicuna), guinea pigs (cavia porcellus), chinchillas (chinchilla lanigera), turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) and ducks (cairina moschata, anas platyrhynchos, dendrocyga autumnalis). these animals were chosen due to their origin of existence (neo-tropics) and over time th ... | 2019 | 30845667 |
| a guinea pig ifna1 gene with antiviral activity against human influenza virus infection. | we previously reported a natural antisense (as) rna as an important modulator of human interferon-alpha1 (ifna1) mrna levels. here, we identified the guinea pig (cavia porcellus) ifna1 gene to enable a proof-of-concept experiment to be performed to confirm that the as-mrna regulatory axis exerts in vivo control over innate immunity. we selected a guinea pig model system for influenza virus infection because guinea pigs encode a functional mx1 gene, an important anti-viral effector in the type i ... | 2019 | 30844713 |
| three-dimensional study of vestibular anatomy as it relates to the stapes footplate and its clinical implications: an augmented reality development. | the anatomy of the membranous labyrinth within the vestibule has direct implications for surgical intervention. the anatomy of the otoliths has been studied, but there is limited information regarding their supporting connective tissue structures such as the membrana limitans in humans. | 2019 | 30821225 |
| use of the guinea pig in studies on the development and prevention of acquired sensorineural hearing loss, with an emphasis on noise. | guinea pigs have been used in diverse studies to better understand acquired hearing loss induced by noise and ototoxic drugs. the guinea pig has its best hearing at slightly higher frequencies relative to humans, but its hearing is more similar to humans than the rat or mouse. like other rodents, it is more vulnerable to noise injury than the human or nonhuman primate models. there is a wealth of information on auditory function and vulnerability of the inner ear to diverse insults in the guinea ... | 2019 | 31795705 |
| antibody therapy for lassa fever. | serum from convalescent lassa fever patients was previously shown to be ineffective as a source of protective antibodies in some early studies. subsequently, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the lassa virus (lasv) glycoprotein produced by memory b cells of west african patients who survived lassa fever were identified. development of mabs as potential lassa immunotherapeutics was facilitated by structural studies and mutational analyses that identified protective epitopes on the prefusion form of ... | 2019 | 31401518 |
| virus inoculation and treatment regimens for evaluating anti-filovirus monoclonal antibody efficacy in vivo. | the development of monoclonal antibodies to treat disease caused by filoviruses, particularly ebola virus, has risen steeply in recent years thanks to several key studies demonstrating their remarkable therapeutic potential. the increased drive to develop new and better monoclonal antibodies has necessarily seen an increase in animal model efficacy testing, which is critical to the pre-clinical development of any novel countermeasure. primary and secondary efficacy testing against filoviruses ty ... | 2019 | 32835206 |
| immunogenicity of a protective intradermal dna vaccine against lassa virus in cynomolgus macaques. | lassa virus (lasv) is a hemorrhagic fever virus of the arenaviridae family with high rates of mortality and co-morbidities, including chronic seizures and permanent bilateral or unilateral deafness. lasv is endemic in west africa and lassa fever accounts for 10-16% of hospitalizations annually in parts of sierra leone and liberia according to the cdc. an ongoing outbreak in nigeria has resulted in 144 deaths in 568 cases confirmed as lasv as of november 2018, with many more suspected, highlighti ... | 2019 | 31071008 |
| phenotypic distinctions between the nodose and jugular trpv1-positive vagal sensory neurons in the cynomolgus monkey. | vagal capsaicin-sensitive afferent c-fibers play an important role in the maintenance of visceral homeostasis and contribute to symptoms in visceral diseases. based on their developmental origin two functionally distinct types of vagal c-fibers are recognized: those with neurons in the vagal nodose ganglia (derived from epibranchial placodes) and in the vagal jugular ganglia (from neural crest). studies in nonprimate species demonstrated that the vagal nodose and jugular c-fibers differ in activ ... | 2019 | 30896676 |
| comparative pathogenicity and transmissibility of pandemic h1n1, avian h5n1, and human h7n9 influenza viruses in tree shrews. | influenza a viruses (iavs) continuously challenge the poultry industry and human health. studies of iavs are still hampered by the availability of suitable animal models. chinese tree shrews (tupaia belangeri chinensis) are closely related to primates physiologically and genetically, which make them a potential animal model for human diseases. in this study, we comprehensively evaluated infectivity and transmissibility in chinese tree shrews by using pandemic h1n1 (a/sichuan/1/2009, pdmh1n1), av ... | 2019 | 31921093 |
| effect of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis sugar patches on insecticide resistant anopheles gambiae s.l. adults. | large distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) contributed to a significant decrease in malarial mortality. unfortunately, large insecticide resistance in malaria vectors occurred and is a threat to the future use of these control approaches. the purpose of this study was to explore a new approach for vector control. patches containing bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) solubilized cry toxins mixed with sugar were developed and tested i ... | 2019 | 31329914 |
| molecular characterization of hamster-adapted yellow fever virus. | we previously reported two hamster models for viscerotropic yellow fever virus (yfv) infection: one using a yfv strain (jiménez), isolated from a fatal human case in panama in 1974, and the other using the prototype yfv strain (asibi). asibi hamster passage 7 (p7) was associated with accumulation of seven amino acid substitutions, including five in the envelope protein. in this study we report the genome sequences of the hamster jiménez p0 and p10 viruses in which we identified only two amino ac ... | 2019 | 31794691 |
| route of infection influences zika virus shedding in a guinea pig model. | due to the recent epidemic of zika virus (zikv) infection and resulting sequelae, as well as concerns about both the sexual and vertical transmission of the virus, renewed attention has been paid to the pathogenesis of this unique arbovirus. numerous small animal models have been used in various zikv pathogenicity studies, however, they are often performed using immunodeficient or immunosuppressed animals, which may impact disease progression in a manner not relevant to immunocompetent humans. t ... | 2019 | 31739508 |
| zika virus infection in tupaia belangeri causes dermatological manifestations and confers protection against secondary infection. | animal models of zika virus (zikv) infection have recently been established in mice, guinea pigs, and nonhuman primates. tree shrews (tupaia belangeri) are an emerging experimental animal in biomedical applications, but their susceptibility to zikv infection has not been explored. in the present study, we show that subcutaneous inoculation of zikv led to rapid viremia and viral secretion in saliva, as well as to typical dermatological manifestations characterized by massive diffuse skin rash on ... | 2019 | 30728253 |
| peri-prosthetic tissue reaction to discontinuation of negative pressure wound therapy around porous titanium percutaneous devices. | negative pressure wound therapy (npwt) has been reported to limit epithelial downgrowth, one of the failure mechanisms of percutaneous devices. in a previous study, when npwt was applied for 4 weeks (npwt group) to porous coated titanium percutaneous devices, downgrowth (5 ± 4%; mean ± one sd) was significantly reduced compared to untreated controls (untreated group) (16 ± 6%; p ≤ 0.01). however, it was unclear whether this beneficial effect was sustained when npwt was discontinued. in order to ... | 2019 | 29732684 |
| mitochondria in smooth muscle cells of viscera. | the spatial density of mitochondria was studied by thin-section electron microscopy in smooth muscles of bladder, iris and gut in mice, rats, guinea-pigs and sheep. morphometric data included areas of muscle cell profiles (~6,000 muscle cells were measured) and areas of their mitochondria (more than three times as many). the visual method delivers accurate estimates of the extent of the chondrioma (the ensemble of mitochondria in a cell), measuring all and only the mitochondria in each muscle ce ... | 2019 | 30047517 |
| cochlear frequency tuning and otoacoustic emissions. | otoacoustic emissions (oaes) evoked from the inner ear are the barely audible, signature byproduct of the delicate hydromechanical amplifier that evolved within its bony walls. compared to the sounds evoked from the ears of common laboratory animals, oaes from human ears have exceptionally long delays, typically exceeding those of cats, guinea pigs, and chinchillas by a factor of two to three. this review asks "why are human oae delays so long?" and recounts efforts to locate answers in the char ... | 2019 | 30037987 |
| [arthroderma benhamiae in patients with guinea pigs]. | 2019 | 29627313 | |
| spasmolytic and antidiarrheal activities of lippia thymoides (verbenaceae) essential oil. | lippia thymoides ('alecrim-do-mato' or 'alecrim-do-campo') is used in brazilian folk medicine to treat various illnesses, including diarrhea. this work aimed to evaluate in vitro spasmolytic and in vivo antidiarrheal activities of the l. thymoides essential oil (oos) and to correlate with the traditional use of this plant. in isolated guinea-pig ileum, oos presented a concentration-dependent spasmolytic activity in preparations pre-contracted with kcl 40 mm [ec50 = 16.89 (11.56-24.66) μg/ml], an ... | 2019 | 29614872 |
| dorsal cochlear nucleus fusiform-cell plasticity is altered in salicylate-induced tinnitus. | following noise overexposure and tinnitus-induction, fusiform cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (dcn) show increased spontaneous firing rates (sfr), increased spontaneous synchrony and altered stimulus-timing-dependent plasticity (stdp), which correlate with behavioral measures of tinnitus. sodium salicylate, the active ingredient in aspirin, which is commonly used to induce tinnitus, increases sfr and activates nmda receptors in the ascending auditory pathway. nmda receptor activation is req ... | 2019 | 30217755 |
| interval between simulated deep inspirations on the dynamics of airway smooth muscle contraction in guinea pig bronchi. | a certain amount of time is required to achieve a maximal contraction from airway smooth muscle (asm) and stretches of substantial magnitude, such as the ones imparted by deep inspirations (dis), interfere with contraction. the duration of asm contraction without interference may thus affect its shortening, its mechanical response to dis and the overall toll it exerts on the respiratory system. in this study, the effect of changing the interval between dis on the dynamics of asm was examined in ... | 2019 | 30217723 |
| intracochlear drug delivery: fluorescent tracer evaluation for quantification of distribution in the cochlear partition. | measurement of drug distribution in the inner ear has important roles in the design of local delivery methods, such as direct, intracochlear delivery, and in assessment of emerging drug candidates in preclinical animal models. sampling methods have been used in the past to measure drug concentrations in the cochlear fluids, but these methods provide no direct information about drug distribution in the cochlear tissues. in this work, we evaluated four fluorescent markers that simulate drug distri ... | 2019 | 30195649 |
| regulation of oxygen tension in the mammalian retina during systemic hyperoxia is species dependent. | the oxygen supply to the retina in man and most mammals is derived from both the retinal and choroidal circulations. however, some mammals have only a partially vascularized retina, and some have a completely avascular retina. here we contrast the retinal oxygen levels during systemic hyperoxia in a fully vascularized retina (rat), a partially vascularized retina (rabbit), and an avascular retina (guinea pig). oxygen sensitive microelectrodes were used to measure the intraretinal oxygen distribu ... | 2019 | 30178352 |
| airways exudation of plasma macromolecules: innate defense, epithelial regeneration, and asthma. | this review discusses in vivo airway aspects of plasma exudation in relation to current views on epithelial permeability and epithelial regeneration in health and disease. microvascular-epithelial exudation of bulk plasma proteins characteristically occurs in asthmatic patients, being especially pronounced in those with severe and exacerbating asthma. healthy human and guinea pig airways challenged by noninjurious histamine-leukotriene-type autacoids also respond through prompt mucosal exudation ... | 2019 | 30170125 |
| protecting against electrode insertion trauma using dexamethasone. | to compare the benefits of a dexamethasone-eluting array for hearing preservation and cochlear histopathology in low trauma (soft-surgery) and high trauma models of cochlear implant surgery. | 2019 | 30126345 |
| adjuvant agents enhance round window membrane permeability to dexamethasone and modulate basal to apical cochlear gradients. | glucocorticoids have direct anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects on cochlear hair cells. cochlear glucocorticoid therapy has gained particular attention for its ability to enhance the protection of residual hearing following hearing preservation cochlear implantation. local drug delivery methods achieve high drug concentrations within the inner ear fluids but are reliant upon diffusion across the round window membrane. diffusion has been shown to demonstrate large individua ... | 2019 | 30107228 |
| neutrophils injure gallbladder interstitial cajal-like cells in a guinea pig model of acute cholecystitis. | acute cholecystitis is a common disease with gallbladder dysmotility. disease pathogenesis involves immune cell infiltration as well as changes in gallbladder interstitial cajal-like cells (iclcs). however, it remains unclear if or how the immune cells affect iclc morphology, density, distribution, and function in gallbladder tissue during acute cholecystitis. in this study, we explored the acute cholecystitis-related alterations in gallbladder iclcs in a guinea pig model, focusing on the effect ... | 2019 | 30146704 |
| utility of the jt peak interval and the jt area in determining the proarrhythmic potential of qt-shortening agents. | drug-induced long qt increases the risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmia known as torsades de pointes (tdp). many biomarkers have been used to predict tdp. at present, however, there are few biomarkers for arrhythmias induced by qt-shortening drugs. the objective of the present study was to identify the best biomarkers for predicting arrhythmias caused by the 4 potassium channel openers ica-105574, ns-1643, r-l3, and pinacidil. our results showed that, at higher concentrations, all 4 potassium cha ... | 2019 | 30092655 |
| sexual dimorphism of mitochondrial function in the hypoxic guinea pig placenta. | placental hypoxia can stimulate oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction reducing placental efficiency and inducing fetal growth restriction (fgr). we hypothesized that chronic hypoxia inhibits mitochondrial function in the placenta as an underlying cause of cellular mechanisms contributing to fgr. pregnant guinea pigs were exposed to either normoxia (nmx) or hypoxia (hpx; 10.5% o2) at 25 day gestation until term (65 day). guinea pigs were anesthetized, and fetuses and placentas were excis ... | 2019 | 30085007 |
| chronic in vivo angiotensin ii administration differentially modulates the slow delayed rectifier channels in atrial and ventricular myocytes. | in the heart, slow delayed rectifier channels provide outward currents (iks) for action potential (ap) repolarization in a region- and context-dependent manner. in diseased hearts, chronic elevation of angiotensin ii (ang ii) may remodel iks in a region-dependent manner, contributing to atrial and ventricular arrhythmias of different mechanisms. | 2019 | 30075281 |
| diversity of dendritic morphology and entorhinal cortex synaptic effectiveness in mouse ca2 pyramidal neurons. | excitatory synaptic inputs from specific brain regions are often targeted to distinct dendritic arbors on hippocampal pyramidal neurons. recent work has suggested that ca2 pyramidal neurons respond robustly and preferentially to excitatory input into the stratum lacunosum moleculare (slm), with a relatively modest response to schaffer collateral excitatory input into stratum radiatum (sr) in acute mouse hippocampal slices, but the extent to which this difference may be explained by morphology is ... | 2019 | 30067288 |
| pacap-induced pac1 receptor internalization and recruitment of endosomal signaling regulate cardiac neuron excitability. | pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap, adcyap1) activation of pac1 receptors (adcyap1r1) significantly increases excitability of guinea pig cardiac neurons. this modulation of excitability is mediated in part by plasma membrane g protein-dependent activation of adenylyl cyclase and downstream signaling cascades, as well as by endosomal signaling mechanisms. pacap/pac1 receptor-mediated activation of plasma membrane adenylyl cyclase (ac) and the resulting increase in cellular ... | 2019 | 30054797 |
| dual-plasmid bionic array-directed gene electrotransfer in hek293 cells and cochlear mesenchymal cells probes transgene expression and cell fate. | naked plasmid dna electrotransfer offers advantages over viral-based gene delivery, including being regulatory permissive, but factors influencing expression efficiency and cell fate impact on translational utility. this study compared co-expression of red and green fluorescence reporter plasmids with differing promoters in hek293 cells and in vivo in guinea pig cochlear mesenchymal cells using bionic array-directed gene electrotransfer (badge®). a functional plasmid copy number of ∼64 was estab ... | 2019 | 30032660 |
| a preclinical evaluation of a programmable cnt membrane device for transdermal nicotine delivery in hairless guinea pigs. | nicotine replacement therapy in the form of transdermal nicotine patches and nicotine gums combined with behavioral counseling still has a low smoking cessation rate of 25%. a promising approach to smoking cessation is to remotely program variable transdermal nicotine delivery rates, with inputs from counselor and patient through a smartphone counseling application. a switchable carbon nanotube (cnt) membrane device has been developed for transdermal nicotine delivery that can be programmed to d ... | 2019 | 29990525 |