Publications

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molecular and immunological characterisation of tropomyosin from anisakis pegreffii.tropomyosin (tm) is a major allergen in shellfish, known to cross-react with mite, cockroach and/or some roundworm (nematode) tm. in this study, we aimed to express and purify tm from the parasitic nematode anisakis pegreffii and also to characterise its cross-reactivity with tm from shellfish. a. pegreffii was isolated from the flathead tiger fish (neoplatycephalus richardsoni) and characterised using single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp)-based sequencing of the first and second intern ...201729038898
tissue inhomogeneity correction for brachytherapy sources in a heterogeneous phantom with cylindrical symmetry.in brachytherapy it is customary to perform dose calculations for an implant assuming that the tumor and surrounding tissues constitute a uniform, homogeneous medium equivalent to water. in this work, the validity of the above assumption is studied quantitatively for points along the transverse axis of 103pd, 125i, and 241am brachytherapy sources, using measured and monte carlo calculated dose rates in homogeneous and heterogeneous media with cylindrical symmetry. the irradiation geometry chosen ...20171584139
effect of tissue inhomogeneity on dose distribution of point sources of low-energy electrons.perturbation in dose distributions of point sources of low-energy electrons at planar interfaces of cortical bone (cb) and red marrow (rm) was investigated experimentally and by monte carlo codes egs and the tiger series. ultrathin lif thermoluminescent dosimeters were used to measure the dose distributions of point sources of 204tl and 147pm in rm. when the point sources were at 12 mg/cm2 from a planar interface of cb and rm equivalent plastics, dose enhancement ratios in rm averaged over the r ...20172233564
occurrence and multilocus genotyping of giardia duodenalis in pets and zoo animals in shanghai, china.high prevalence of giardia infections occurs in humans and animals, partly because of the increasing numbers of pets. we determined the presence and genotypes of g. duodenalis in pets and zoo animals.201730951508
tasmanian tiger genome offers clues to its extinction. 201732081997
drought drove tasmanian tiger from australian mainland. 201732080392
assessing likely invasion sites of zika virus-infected mosquitoes in civilian and naval maritime ports in florida.several mosquito species are capable of invading new geographic regions and exploiting niches that are similar to their natural home ranges where they may introduce, or reintroduce, pathogens. in addition to initial invasion, introduction of new genotypes into established populations may also occur. zika virus is spreading throughout the world, posing significant health risks to human populations, particularly pregnant women and their infants. the first locally acquired case of zika virus in the ...201730050340
estimating the extinction date of the thylacine with mixed certainty data.the thylacine (thylacinus cynocephalus), one of australia's most characteristic megafauna, was the largest marsupial carnivore until hunting, and potentially disease, drove it to extinction in 1936. although thylacines were restricted to tasmania for 2 millennia prior to their extinction, recent so-called plausible sightings on the cape york peninsula in northern queensland have emerged, leading some to speculate the species may have persisted undetected. we compiled a data set that included phy ...201729067718
systemic amyloidosis in an african tiger snake (telescopus semiannulatus).an adult male african tiger snake (telescopus semiannulatus) was diagnosed with disseminated mycobacteriosis and a hepatic biliary cystadenocarcinoma. histologically, the spleen was largely replaced by extracellular deposits of eosinophilic, fibrillar to hyaline material. similar material was also present in the testicular interstitium and occasional blood vessel walls. this material was congophilic with strong green birefringence under polarized light and emitted fluorescence when bound to the ...201728942295
preliminary results on the efficacy of macroalgal extracts against larvae of aedes albopictus.activity of ethanolic extracts of the algae ulva rigida, asparagopsis taxiformis, dictyota dichotoma, and cystoseira barbata, collected along italian coasts, was tested against larvae of the asian tiger mosquito ( aedes albopictus), a vector of pathogens for animals and humans. tests were carried out using 10 specimens of 3rd-stage larvae per test, following the world health organization standard protocol with minor modifications. among algal extracts, only d. dichotoma was active against the la ...201729369033
quantitative analysis of aedes albopictus movement behavior following sublethal exposure to prallethrin.the pyrethroid prallethrin, an ai in duet™ (clarke mosquito control, st. charles, il), is widely marketed ultra-low volume (ulv) mosquito adulticide. volatilized prallethrin is intended to stimulate mosquito flight, increasing its adulticide effectiveness. however, field tests using volatilized prallethrin have not produced significant differences in mosquito trap catches, leading to questions regarding prallethrin's behavioral impact efficacy. thus, we conducted laboratory tests of prallethrin' ...201729369017
deciphering the olfactory repertoire of the tiger mosquito aedes albopictus.the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus is a highly invasive species and competent vector of several arboviruses (e.g. dengue, chikungunya, zika) and parasites (e.g. dirofilaria) of public health importance. compared to other mosquito species, ae. albopictus females exhibit a generalist host seeking as well as a very aggressive biting behaviour that are responsible for its high degree of nuisance. several complex mosquito behaviours such as host seeking, feeding, mating or oviposition rely on ...201729020917
oviposition preference and offspring performance in container breeding mosquitoes: evaluating the effects of organic compounds and laboratory colonisation.the preference-performance hypothesis predicts that organisms lacking parental care should oviposit in habitats that optimize offspring performance. we investigated preference-performance relationships for the asian tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus skuse) and the southern house mosquito (culex quinquefasciatus say) (diptera:culicidae), two medically important container-breeding species, in response to an organic chemical blend mimicking decaying plant matter. additionally, we evaluated the effec ...201728989226
two new tiger-moth species from afrotropics with reviews of genera <i>pericaliella</i> and <i>monstruncusarctia</i> (lepidoptera, noctuoidea: erebidae, arctiinae).two new species, pericaliella popoudinae dubatolov, sp. nov. from rwanda, and monstruncusarctia anikini dubatolov, sp. nov. from uganda are described in comparison with related species, pericaliella melanodisca (hampson, 1907) from uganda, and monstruncusarctia aurantiaca (holland, 1893) from gabon and west africa. habitus and male genitalia are illustrated.201729245505
molecular characterization reveals that squash chlorosis mottling virus and zucchini tigré mosaic virus are the same newly emerging potyvirus.in 2013, we published the first report of a novel potyvirus isolate, which was tentatively named squash chlorosis mottling virus (sqcmv), from an infected squash plant (cucurbita pepo) collected in the homestead area of florida. the purpose of the current work was to further characterize the virus isolate based on molecular properties, and to determine its relationship to other potyviruses. the complete genome sequence of the virus was 10,292 nucleotides (nt), consisting of a 5'-utr (182 nt), a ...201729164402
tasmanian tiger genome offers clues to its extinction. 201729239379
decoupling of active and passive reasons for the invasion dynamics of aedes albopictus skuse (diptera: culicidae): comparisons of dispersal history in the apennine and florida peninsulas.aedes albopictus is an important vector of several diseases including dengue- and chikungunya fever and is a potential vector of zika-fever. the invasion dynamics of aedes albopictus was reconsidered by comparing the temperature-related development of the mosquito with the observed real geographical distribution in florida and in italy. the potential number of generations and the annual dispersal distances of the mosquito were calculated for the estimates. the estimated total dispersals are 3.6- ...201729125256
forest canopy, water level, and biopesticide interact to determine oviposition habitat selection in aedes albopictus.understanding how interacting abiotic and biotic factors influence colonization rates into different habitat types is critical for both conserving and controlling species. for example, the rapid global spread of asian tiger mosquitoes, aedes albopictus, has reduced native species abundances and produced disease outbreaks. fortunately, bacterial endospores of two bacillus species (biospesticide) are highly lethal to ae. albopictus larvae and have been commercially developed to reduce populations. ...201729125247
"gold" pressed essential oil: an essay on the volatile fragment from citrus juice industry by-products chemistry and bioactivity.present essay explores the potentials of citrus juice industry's by-products as alternative bioactive natural products resources. four crude cold pressed essential oils (cpeos), derived from orange, lemon, grapefruit, and mandarin, were studied. all cpeos were subjected to water distillation, in order to obtain the volatile fragment, which was further fractionated with respect to distillation period in two parts, concluding to eight samples. these samples along with the four original cpeos were ...201729109957
first record of the invasive mosquito species aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (diptera: culicidae) on the southernmost mediterranean islands of italy and europe.aedes albopictus, a known worldwide vector of several mosquito-borne disease pathogens including dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses, was introduced into europe in the late 1970s through global trade. first recorded in northern italy in 1990, this mosquito species has rapidly spread throughout the country, where it was responsible for an outbreak of chikungunya in 2007 that affected more than 200 people. as part of the vectornet project, which is aimed at improving preparedness and responsivene ...201729096677
direct evidence of adult aedes albopictus dispersal by car.whereas the asian tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus) has low active dispersal capabilities, its worldwide colonization has been rapid. indirect evidence and informal reports have long implicated passive transportation in cars, but this has not previously been studied systematically given the difficulties of real-time roadside surveys. here we report the first sampling study confirming that adult tiger mosquitoes travel with humans in cars and enabling us to estimate the frequency of these events. ...201729070818
citizen science provides a reliable and scalable tool to track disease-carrying mosquitoes.recent outbreaks of zika, chikungunya and dengue highlight the importance of better understanding the spread of disease-carrying mosquitoes across multiple spatio-temporal scales. traditional surveillance tools are limited by jurisdictional boundaries and cost constraints. here we show how a scalable citizen science system can solve this problem by combining citizen scientists' observations with expert validation and correcting for sampling effort. our system provides accurate early warning info ...201729066710
genome-wide snps reveal the drivers of gene flow in an urban population of the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus.aedes albopictus is a highly invasive disease vector with an expanding worldwide distribution. genetic assays using low to medium resolution markers have found little evidence of spatial genetic structure even at broad geographic scales, suggesting frequent passive movement along human transportation networks. here we analysed genetic structure of aedes albopictus collected from 12 sample sites in guangzhou, china, using thousands of genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps). we found e ...201729045401
systematic review: land cover, meteorological, and socioeconomic determinants of aedes mosquito habitat for risk mapping.asian tiger and yellow fever mosquitoes (aedes albopictus and ae. aegypti) are global nuisances and are competent vectors for viruses such as chikungunya (chikv), dengue (dv), and zika (zikv). this review aims to analyze available spatiotemporal distribution models of aedes mosquitoes and their influential factors. a combination of five sets of 3-5 keywords were used to retrieve all relevant published models. five electronic search databases were used: pubmed, medline, embase, scopus, and google ...201729035317
a status review of the bioactive activities of tiger milk mushroomlignosus rhinocerotis(cooke) ryvarden.edible and medicinal mushrooms are regularly used in natural medicines and home remedies since antiquity for ailments like fever, inflammation, and respiratory disorders.lignosus rhinocerotis(cooke) ryvarden is a polypore found in malaysia and other regions in south east asia. it can be located on a spot where a tigress drips milk while feeding, hence the name "tiger's milk mushroom." the sclerotium ofl. rhinocerotisis highly sought after by the native communities in malaysia to stave off hunger ...201729379443
lack of in vivo cross-protection of two different betanodavirus species rgnnv and sjnnv in european sea bass dicentrachus labrax.viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (ver) is a severe infective disease characterized by neuropathological changes in several fish species associated with high mortality. the etiological agent is a virus belonging to the nodaviridae family, genus betanodavirus. to date, four different betanodavirus species have been officially recognized by international committee on taxonomy of viruses (ictv), namely the red-spotted grouper- (rgnnv), the striped jack- (sjnnv), the barfin flounder- (bfnnv) and ...201729056488
phenotype and genotype of  lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from the tiger grouperepinephelus fuscoguttatusalimentary tract.lactic acid bacteria (lab) have been isolated successfully from the tiger grouperepinephelusfuscoguttatusintestine. however, their genus or species have not been identified. therefore, the objective of the present study was to characterize the three isolated lab (ksbu-12c, ksbu-5da, and ksbu-9) based on their phenotype and genotype. the lab phenotype was examined by observing morphological features including cell morphology, spore production and motility. the physiological tests were performed i ...201729259771
tiger sharks can connect equatorial habitats and fisheries across the atlantic ocean basin.increasing our knowledge about the spatial ecology of apex predators and their interactions with diverse habitats and fisheries is necessary for understanding the trophic mechanisms that underlie several aspects of marine ecosystem dynamics and for guiding informed management policies. a preliminary assessment of tiger shark (galeocerdo cuvier) population structure off the oceanic insular system of fernando de noronha (fen) and the large-scale movements performed by this species in the equatoria ...201728926627
tropical viruses approaching europe.during the last years, headlines about the advance of tropical infectious diseases, which are transmitted by mosquitos, become more frequent. some of these mosquitos are classified as invasive species in europe. the world health organization (who) and the european center for disease prevention and control (ecdc) are enhancing the observation of the geographical spread of these species. especially the asian tiger mosquito and the yellow fever mosquito are in focus. in germany the vector competenc ...201729952164
tropical viruses approaching europe.during the last years, headlines about the advance of tropical infectious diseases, which are transmitted by mosquitos, become more frequent. some of these mosquitos are classified as invasive species in europe. the world health organization (who) and the european center for disease prevention and control (ecdc) are enhancing the observation of the geographical spread of these species. especially the asian tiger mosquito and the yellow fever mosquito are in focus. in germany the vector competenc ...201729952163
a roaring trade? the legal trade in panthera leo bones from africa to east-southeast asia.the african lion is the only big cat listed on cites appendix ii, and the only one for which international commercial trade is legal under cites. the trade in lion body parts, and especially the contentious trade in bones from south africa to asia, has raised concerns spanning continents and cultures. debates were amplified at the 2016 cites conference of the parties (cop17) when a proposal to up-list lions to appendix i was not supported and a compromise to keep them on appendix ii, with a bone ...201729065143
did saber-tooth kittens grow up musclebound? a study of postnatal limb bone allometry in felids from the pleistocene of rancho la brea.previous studies have demonstrated that the pleistocene saber-toothed cat smilodon fatalis had many forelimb adaptations for increased strength, presumably to grapple with and subdue prey. the rancho la brea tar pits yield large samples of juvenile limb bones forming a growth series that allow us to examine how smilodon kittens grew up. almost all available juvenile limb bones were measured, and reduced major axis fits were calculated to determine the allometric growth trends. contrary to expect ...201728953899
d2-like dopamine receptors promote interactions between calcium and chloride channels that diminish rod synaptic transfer in the salamander retina.activation of d2-like dopamine receptors in rods with quinpirole stimulates l-type calcium currents (ica). this result appears inconsistent with studies showing that d2-like dopamine receptor activation diminishes rod signals in second-order retinal neurons. since small reductions in [cl-] can inhibit photoreceptor ica, we tested the hypothesis that enhancement of ica with the d2/d4 receptor agonist, quinpirole, increases calcium-activated chloride currents (icl(ca)) causing an efflux of cl- fro ...201712392173
taxonomic notes and a new species of episcepsis butler, 1877 (lepidoptera, erebidae, arctiinae, arctiini, ctenuchina).taxonomic notes and the description of a new species of episcepsis are provided. the synonymization of episcepsis aelia schaus, 1889, from mexico, under e. venata butler, 1877, from the brazilian amazons, is revised. genital morphology of males and females has shown the validity of e. aelia revis. stat. additionally, the discovery of specimens from the brazilian atlantic forest externally indistinguishable from both e. venata and e. aelia has led to the description of e. atlantica sp. nov. final ...201729686219
production of tiger puffer takifugu rubripes offspring from triploid grass puffer takifugu niphobles parents.the tiger puffer takifugu rubripes is one of the most popular aquacultural fish; however, there are two major obstacles to selective breeding. first, they have a long generation time of 2 or 3 years until maturation. second, the parental tiger puffer has a body size (2-5 kg) much larger than average market size (0.6-1.0 kg). the grass puffer takifugu niphobles is closely related to the tiger puffer and matures in half the time. furthermore, grass puffer can be reared in small areas since their m ...201728942506
preservation of internal iliac arteries during endovascular aneurysm repair using "eye of the tiger" technique.parallel endografts were introduced as a way to expand endovascular repair of aneurysms involving branch vessels. however, endoleaks as a result of the gutters between the parallel endografts made this technique less favorable. the "eye of the tiger" technique was introduced to reduce the gutters between the parallel endografts proximally in the aorta. we report endovascular repair of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm using eye of the tiger technique distally to preserve the internal iliac ar ...201729349440
effect of the 2008 economic crisis on the cardiovascular mortality of the irish population: an ecological 12-year study of a heart-broken celtic tiger.ireland has endured a substantial financial crisis in 2008 and we sought to explore the effect of economic recession on irish cardiovascular mortality. we found an increase by 17.2% in cva-deaths during the financial crisis years (95% ci 11.1% to 23.6%). in males, we found a notable rise in the annual ihd rate by 7.56% (95% ci 4.73% to 10.46%), in annual mi rate by 2.96% (95% ci 0.16% to 5.84%), and in annual cva death rate by 20.07% (95% ci 16.13% to 24.14%). in females our findings indicated a ...201729341509
the health information technology competencies tool: does it translate for nursing informatics in the united states?information technology use in healthcare delivery mandates a prepared workforce. the initial health information technology competencies tool resulted from a 2-year transatlantic effort by experts from the us and european union to identify approaches to develop skills and knowledge needed by healthcare workers. it was determined that competencies must be identified before strategies are established, resulting in a searchable database of more than 1000 competencies representing five domains, five ...201729219880
pharmacokinetic parameters of cefovecin sodium (convenia) in captive tigers ( panthera tigris).a single 8 mg/kg dose of cefovecin (convenia®) was administered intramuscularly in the hindlimb of eight anesthetized captive tigers ( panthera tigris) and serial blood samples were collected over the next 56 days to determine pharmacokinetic characteristics. high-performance liquid chromatography was utilized to determine plasma levels, and demonstrated a mean terminal half-life of 227.8 ± 29.3 hr. cefovecin, >1 μg/ml, was detected in plasma levels up to 56 days postinjection. protein binding o ...201729297795
sumatran tiger survival threatened by deforestation despite increasing densities in parks.the continuing development of improved capture-recapture (cr) modeling techniques used to study apex predators has also limited robust temporal and cross-site analyses due to different methods employed. we develop an approach to standardize older non-spatial cr and newer spatial cr density estimates and examine trends for critically endangered sumatran tigers (panthera tigris sumatrae) using a meta-regression of 17 existing densities and new estimates from our own fieldwork. we find that tiger d ...201729208916
the effects of intrinsic enrichment on captive felids.environmental enrichment is a well-known technique, which has been used to enhance the welfare of captive animals. the aim of this study is to investigate how three different forms of intrinsic enrichment, namely, a hay ball without scent, a hay ball with catnip, and a hay ball with cinnamon, influenced the behavior of six cheetah and two sumatran tigers at fota wildlife park, ireland. enrichment-directed behaviors, as well as pacing, locomotion, inactive, and exploratory behaviors were investig ...201729165868
multiple myeloma in an amur tiger (panthera tigris altaica).the amur tiger (panthera tigris altaica) is an endangered tiger subspecies. an adult zoo-bred female was found collapsed, and died despite supportive treatment. hematology and biochemistry showed pancytopenia and hyperglobulinemia, and serum protein electrophoresis revealed a monoclonal band in the β-globulin region. necropsy demonstrated hemoabdomen, multifocal lytic bone marrow lesions, splenomegaly, and hemorrhagic hepatic nodules, with left medial lobe rupture. there were mutifocal hemorrhag ...201729138744
mantle-cell lymphoma-taming the tiger. 201729121204
assessment of fine-scale resource selection and spatially explicit habitat suitability modelling for a re-introduced tiger (panthera tigris) population in central india.large carnivores influence ecosystem functions at various scales. thus, their local extinction is not only a species-specific conservation concern, but also reflects on the overall habitat quality and ecosystem value. species-habitat relationships at fine scale reflect the individuals' ability to procure resources and negotiate intraspecific competition. such fine scale habitat choices are more pronounced in large carnivores such as tiger (panthera tigris), which exhibits competitive exclusion i ...201729114438
transparent tiger barb puntius tetrazona, a fish model for in vivo analysis of nocardial infection.nocardiosis afflicts multiple species of cultured fish, resulting in substantial economic losses to the aquaculture industry, however, lack of detailed knowledge on disease pathogenesis has hampered the development of effective prevention and control strategies. in this study, we injected a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-labeled nocardia seriolae strain into a transparent mutant strain of tiger barb (puntius tetrazona) to monitor tissue pathogen accumulation and tissue damage in vivo, and to cl ...201729102124
comparison of plantar pressure distribution between three different shoes and three common movements in futsal.analysis of in-shoe pressure distribution during sport-specific movements may provide a clue to improve shoe design and prevent injuries. this study compared the mean and the peak pressures over the whole foot and ten separate areas of the foot, wearing different shoes during specific movements.201729088278
effect of orally administered vibrio bacterin on immunity, survival and growth in tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) grow-out culture ponds.vibriosis is one of the important diseases causing economic loss to the shrimp industry worldwide. the present study reports field observations on the immune stimulatory effect of vibrio bacterin in commercial tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) grow-out culture ponds (n = 62) which were grouped under three stocking densities; low (6-8 nos per m2 ), medium (9-11 nos per m2 ) and high (12-14 nos per m2 ). the bacterin was administered in feed as a top dressing at final concentration equivalent to 2 ×  ...201728983933
sterile nodular panniculitis with lung and lymph node involvement in a siberian tiger (panthera tigris altica).a 2- to 4-year-old uncastrated male siberian tiger (panthera tigris altica) bred in a local wild animal park presented with generalized clinical signs including abdominal pain, fever, lethargy, and anorexia, along with subcutaneous nodules along the trunk. the patient subsequently died of chronic, progressive dyspnea despite 45 days of antibiotic treatment. at necropsy, mesenteric fat inflammation and multiple subcutaneous, peritoneal, and intraabdominal nodules were observed. the lungs demonstr ...201729081476
vulnerability, survival and shame in nina raine's tiger country.shame in healthcare remains relatively underexplored, yet it is commonplace and its impact is significant. this paper explores shame in healthcare using nina raine's 2011 play tiger country three manifestations of shame are explored, namely (1) shame in relation to professional identity and survival in the clinical workplace; (2) shame and illness as experienced by both patients and doctors; and (3) the systemic and organisational influences on shame within healthcare systems. i suggest that the ...201729079608
bioaccumulation and public health implications of trace metals in edible tissues of the crustaceans scylla serrata and penaeus monodon from the tanzanian coast.the coastal population in east africa is growing rapidly but sewage treatment and recycling facilities in major cities and towns are poorly developed. since estuarine mangroves are the main hotspots for pollutants, there is a potential for contaminants to accumulate in edible fauna and threaten public health. this study analysed trace metals in muscle tissues of the giant mud crabs (scylla serrata) and the giant tiger prawns (penaeus monodon) from the tanzanian coast, in order to determine the e ...201728963703
how to fight multiple enemies: target-specific chemical defences in an aposematic moth.animals have evolved different defensive strategies to survive predation, among which chemical defences are particularly widespread and diverse. here we investigate the function of chemical defence diversity, hypothesizing that such diversity has evolved as a response to multiple enemies. the aposematic wood tiger moth (arctia plantaginis) displays conspicuous hindwing coloration and secretes distinct defensive fluids from its thoracic glands and abdomen. we presented the two defensive fluids fr ...201728954910
time for tiger to roar! technology informatics guiding education reform.information technology (it) continues to evolve and develop with electronic devices and systems becoming integral to healthcare in every country. this has led to an urgent need for all professions working in healthcare to be knowledgeable and skilled in informatics. the technology informatics guiding education reform (tiger) initiative was established in 2006 in the united states to develop key areas of informatics in nursing. one of these was to integrate informatics competencies into nursing c ...201728918322
behavior discovery and alignment of articulated object classes from unstructured video.we propose an automatic system for organizing the content of a collection of unstructured videos of an articulated object class (e.g., tiger, horse). by exploiting the recurring motion patterns of the class across videos, our system: (1) identifies its characteristic behaviors, and (2) recovers pixel-to-pixel alignments across different instances. our system can be useful for organizing video collections for indexing and retrieval. moreover, it can be a platform for learning the appearance or be ...201732336878
a novel c-type lectin in the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon functions as a pattern recognition receptor by binding and causing bacterial agglutination.c-type lectins are pattern recognition proteins that play important roles in innate immunity in invertebrates by mediating the recognition of pathogens. in this study, a novel c-type lectin gene, pmclec, was cloned and characterized from the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. the open reading frame of pmclec is 657 bp in length. it encodes a predicted protein of 218 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass and an isoelectric point of 24086 da and 4.67, respectively. sequence analysis of pmc ...201727876622
protection of penaeus monodon against white spot syndrome by continuous oral administration of a low concentration of bacillus subtilis spores expressing the vp28 antigen.in this study, bacillus subtilis spores expressing a chimeric protein, cotb-vp28, were used as a probiotic vaccine to protect black tiger shrimps (penaeus monodon) against white spot syndrome virus (wssv) infection. oral administration of pellets coated with cotb-vp28 spores (at ≥1 × 10(9 ) cfu per g pellet) to shrimps induced immune-relating phenoloxydase activity (po) in shrimps after 14 days of feeding (prior challenge) and at day 3 post challenge (1·26 and 1·70 fold increase respectively). a ...201727992657
first mass development of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae)-its surveillance and control in germany.the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus has undergone a dramatic expansion of its range in the last few decades. since its first detection in 2007 in germany at the motorway a5 coming from italy via switzerland to germany, it has been continuously introduced by vehicles, most probably from italy. after a hint from an alert gardener in an allotment garden area in freiburg, southwest germany, in 2015, a surveillance programme was started focusing on the garden area and adjacent areas as well as ...201728116530
impacts of canine distemper virus infection on the giant panda population from the perspective of gut microbiota.the recent increase in infectious disease outbreaks has been directly linked to the global loss of biodiversity and the decline of some endangered species populations. between december 2014 and march 2015, five captive giant pandas died due to canine distemper virus (cdv) infection in china. cdv has taken a heavy toll on tigers and lions in recent years. here, we describe the first gut microbiome diversity study of cdv-infected pandas. by investigating the influence of cdv infection on gut bacte ...201728051146
defining the risk of zika and chikungunya virus transmission in human population centers of the eastern united states.the recent spread of mosquito-transmitted viruses and associated disease to the americas motivates a new, data-driven evaluation of risk in temperate population centers. temperate regions are generally expected to pose low risk for significant mosquito-borne disease; however, the spread of the asian tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus) across densely populated urban areas has established a new landscape of risk. we use a model informed by field data to assess the conditions likely to facilitate loc ...201728095405
melanization inhibition protein of penaeus monodon acts as a negative regulator of the prophenoloxidase-activating system.melanization mediated by the prophenoloxidase-activating system (propo) is an important immune response in invertebrates. however, in addition to melanin, the propo system produces reactive intermediates that are not only harmful to the invading microbes but also to the host cells. thus, the propo system must be tightly regulated by several inhibitors. previously, a melanization inhibition protein from the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon, pmmip, has been identified and preliminarily character ...201728232130
dengue virus serotype 2 infection alters midgut and carcass gene expression in the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus.the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus is currently an important vector for dengue, chikungunya and zika virus, and its role in transmission of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) may increase in the future due to its ability to colonize temperate regions. in contrast to aedes aegypti, the dominant vector of dengue, chikungunya and zika virus, genetic responses of ae. albopictus upon infection with an arbovirus are not well characterized. here we present a study of the changes in transcrip ...201728152011
process optimization for high-pressure processing of black tiger shrimp ( penaeus monodon) using response surface methodology.this study aims to investigate the effect of high-pressure processing on the quality of black tiger shrimp using response surface methodology. a central composite rotatable design was applied to evaluate the effects of three processing parameters, namely pressure (300-600 mpa), temperature (30-50 ℃), and time (0-15 min), on the inactivation rate of staphylococcus aureus and physical properties (color and texture) of shrimp and to optimize the process conditions to achieve maximum bacterial inact ...201727758875
characterization and expression analysis of a chitinase gene (pmchi-4) from black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) under pathogen infection and ambient ammonia nitrogen stress.chitinase is a multi-gene family, which play important physiological roles in crustaceans, involved in several biological processes, including digestion, molting and defense against viruses. in the present study, a chitinase-4 gene (pmchi-4) was cloned from penaeus monodon by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the full length of pmchi-4 cdna was 2178 bp, including an 1815 bp open reading frame (orf) which encoded 604 amino acid residues. the predicted pmchi-4 protein was 67.7 kda and share ...201728089896
the immune response of the c-jun in the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) after bacterial infection.the transcription factor c-jun widely exists in vertebrates and invertebrates and plays an important role in various kinds of stimulus response. in this study, pmc-jun gene was first cloned from penaeus monodon. the full-length cdna of pmc-jun was 1857 bp in length and included an 879 bp open reading frame (orf), which encoded 293 amino acids. qrt-pcr analysis results showed that pmc-jun mrnas were ubiquitously expressed in all the examined tissues. the highest expression level was observed in g ...201728027988
antibacterial function of herbal extracts on growth, survival and immunoprotection in the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.this study examined the effects of an herbal extract composed of nine herbs i.e aloe vera, andrographis pariculata, annona squamosa, azadirachta indica, citrus aurantifolia, coriandrum sativum, ocimum sanctum, ollium cepa and psidium guajava on growth, survival rate and immunoprotection against pathogenic vibrio harveyi in the tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. the petroleum ether, methanol and n-hexen extracts of different herbal plants were selected, processed and thoroughly mixed in equal proporti ...201728365386
a snake-like serine proteinase (pmsnake) activates prophenoloxidase-activating system in black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.clip domain serine proteinases (clipsps) play critical roles in the activation of proteolytic cascade in invertebrate immune systems including the prophenoloxidase (propo) activating system. in this study, we characterized a snake-like serine protease, namely pmsnake, from the shrimp penaeus monodon which has previously been identified based on the subtractive cdna library of propo double-stranded rna (dsrna)-treated hemocytes. an open reading frame of pmsnake contains 1068 bp encoding a predict ...201727693192
responsiveness of cats (felidae) to silver vine (actinidia polygama), tatarian honeysuckle (lonicera tatarica), valerian (valeriana officinalis) and catnip (nepeta cataria).olfactory stimulation is an often overlooked method of environmental enrichment for cats in captivity. the best known example of olfactory enrichment is the use of catnip, a plant that can cause an apparently euphoric reaction in domestic cats and most of the pantherinae. it has long been known that some domestic cats and most tigers do not respond to catnip. although many anecdotes exist of other plants with similar effects, data are lacking about the number of cats that respond to these plants ...201728302120
detection and establishment of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes in california, 2011-2015.in 2011, a thriving population of aedes albopictus (skuse), the asian tiger mosquito, was discovered within three cities in los angeles county over an estimated 52-km2 urban area. two years later in 2013, aedes aegypti (l.), the yellow fever mosquito, was detected within several urban areas of madera, fresno, and san mateo counties. state and local vector control agencies responded with an aggressive effort to eradicate or interrupt the spread of these two invasive mosquitoes; however, known pop ...201728399270
first report of the phe1534cys kdr mutation in natural populations of aedes albopictus from brazil.knockdown resistance (kdr), caused by alterations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (nav), is one of the mechanisms responsible for pyrethroid (py) resistance. in the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, at least four different mutations were described in the iiis6 nav segment in populations from asia, north america and europe. in contrast, in aedes aegypti at least 12 non-synonymous mutations have been reported at nine different codons, mostly in the iis6 and iiis6 nav segments. the phe153 ...201728347326
malpighian tubules as novel targets for mosquito control.the malpighian tubules and hindgut are the renal excretory tissues of mosquitoes; they are essential to maintaining hemolymph water and solute homeostasis. moreover, they make important contributions to detoxifying metabolic wastes and xenobiotics in the hemolymph. we have focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of malpighian tubule function in adult female mosquitoes and developing chemical tools as prototypes for next-generation mosquitocides that would act via a novel mechanism of act ...201728125032
cold tolerance of the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus and its response to epigenetic alterations.phenotypic plasticity is considered as one of the key traits responsible for the establishment of populations of the invasive mosquito aedes albopictus, an important vector of viral and parasitic pathogens. the successful spread of this species to higher altitudes and latitudes may be explained by its ability to rapidly induce a heritable low-temperature phenotype (cold hardiness in eggs). as a result of the low genetic diversity of founder populations, an epigenetic short-term mechanism has bee ...201728396211
first record of aedes albopictus (skuse 1894) on são tomé island.biological invasions have critical impacts on native biodiversity and human societies and especially on oceanic islands that are fragile and threatened ecosystems. the invasive tiger mosquito aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse, 1894) native to southeast asia has been introduced during the past 30 years almost everywhere in the world, including the americas, the pacific, europe and africa. it has been reported for the first time in the gulf of guinea in 2000, first in cameroon, then in bioko isl ...201728377219
reduced performance of a pvc-coated biogents sentinel prototype in comparison to the original biogents sentinel for monitoring the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, in temperate north america.aedes albopictus is a major nuisance pest and also a public health concern because of the role it plays in the transmission of arboviruses. there is a continuing demand for effective surveillance tools for this species. the first generation of biogents sentinel (bgs1) traps have proven to be an effective tool for surveillance of ae. albopictus throughout its range, however, some defects in construction led to the eventual development of the next generation. we compared the performance of the new ...201728319188
effectiveness of autodissemination stations containing pyriproxyfen in reducing immature aedes albopictus populations.aedes albopictus, the asian tiger mosquito, is an aggressive, highly anthropophilic, day-biting mosquito with an expanding geographic range. suppression of ae. albopictus is difficult because of the abundance and prevalence of larval habitats within peridomestic environments, particularly cryptic habitats such as corrugated extension spouts, fence post openings, discarded food containers, etc. because of the challenges of eliminating or treating larval habitats of this species, we tested an auto ...201728279191
genetic evidence for a worldwide chaotic dispersion pattern of the arbovirus vector, aedes albopictus.invasive species represent a global concern for their rapid spread and the possibility of infectious disease transmission. this is the case of the global invader aedes albopictus, the asian tiger mosquito. this species is a vector of medically important arboviruses, notably chikungunya (chikv), dengue (denv) and zika (zikv). the reconstruction of the complex colonization pattern of this mosquito has great potential for mitigating its spread and, consequently, disease risks.201728135274
preliminary considerations about the presence of aedes albopictus (skuse 1897) (diptera: culicidae) during winter in the northwestern italy.aedes albopictus, the asian tiger mosquito, was unintentionally introduced in italy at the beginning of the 1990s. in few decades it spread almost in the whole country. in piedmont, the first report dates back to 1994. usually, temperate populations are affected by seasonal temperature and photoperiodicity and can overwinter by producing eggs that undergo a winter diapause. in rome females of the species extended their trophic activity to the coldest months of the year, but there is no notice ab ...201728067941
mosquito species (diptera: culicidae) persistence and synchrony across an urban altitudinal gradient.patterns of mosquito spatial persistence and temporal presence, as well as synchrony, i.e., the degree of concerted fluctuations in abundance, have been scarcely studied at finely grained spatial scales and over altitudinal gradients. here, we present a spatial persistence, temporal presence, and synchrony analysis of four common mosquito species across the altitudinal gradient of mt. konpira in nagasaki, japan. we found that aedes albopictus (skuse) was more frequently found at the mountain bas ...201728025246
the invasive asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in germany: local reproduction and overwintering.within the framework of a german mosquito monitoring programme, the 'mueckenatlas' (mosquito atlas) has been established as an instrument of citizen participation in mosquito mapping. in 2015, a strikingly large number of aedes albopictus, which had not been considered established in germany, was submitted. three of six collection sites showed local reproduction, with demonstration of developmental stages over three months at two sites. the third populated site was checked only once in october. ...201727876647
first record of stegomyia albopicta (= aedes albopictus) in morocco: a major threat to public health in north africa?the asian tiger mosquito stegomyia albopicta (= aedes albopictus) (diptera: culicidae), native to asian forests, is a nuisance mosquito and is responsible for the transmission of arboviruses of public health importance, such as dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses. it has colonized parts of all continents, except antarctica, over the past 30-40 years. however, to date, the only records of s. albopicta in north africa refer to occasional collections in 2010 and 2014 in algeria. in early september ...201727775162
an integrated pest control strategy against the asian tiger mosquito in northern italy: a case study.in europe, aedes albopictus is an invasive mosquito species known to be a major nuisance as well as a vector of a range of arboviruses. a number of studies have indicated that community participation programmes are an effective pest control tool to reduce mosquito populations. however, few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of a community-based approach in europe. in this study, we examined two ae. albopictus control strategies that implemented a community-based approach in northern italy: ...201727539880
holding back the tiger: successful control program protects australia from aedes albopictus expansion.the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, is an important vector of dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses and is a highly invasive and aggressive biter. established populations of this species were first recognised in australia in 2005 when they were discovered on islands in the torres strait, between mainland australia and papua new guinea. a control program was implemented with the original goal of eliminating ae. albopictus from the torres strait. we describe the evolution of management stra ...201728192520
[zika virus infection: a new public health emergency with great media impact].infection with zika virus (zv) has become a new epidemic, with great impact on the media, and is having a strong effect in latin american countries. its possible association with microcephaly and guillain-barré syndrome prompted the world health organization (who) to declare on 1 february 2016 that this epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern. epidemiological data show an increasing incidence in countries like brazil and colombia, and that the epidemic is still expanding i ...201727474488
modeling the population dynamics and community impacts of ambystoma tigrinum: a case study of phenotype plasticity.phenotypic plasticity is the ability of an organism to change its phenotype in response to changes in the environment. general mathematical descriptions of the phenomenon rely on an abstract measure of "viability" that, in this study, is instantiated in the case of the tiger salamander, ambystoma tigrinum. this organism has a point in its development when, upon maturing, it may take two very different forms. one is a terrestrial salamander (metamorph)that visits ponds to reproduce and eat, while ...201728237665
effects of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in a holistic environmental exposure regime on a terrestrial salamander, ambystoma tigrinum.2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) is a defense-related environmental contaminant present at high concentrations in soil at some military installations. tiger salamanders (ambystoma tigrinum, family ambystomatidae) were exposed to tnt in a soil matrix and fed earthworms that had also been exposed to tnt via contaminated soil. such exposure was previously shown to result in significant accumulation of both tnt and tnt metabolites by salamanders. following 14 days of combined oral and dermal exposures, s ...201710805152
functional nonredundancy of elephants in a disturbed tropical forest.conservation efforts are often motivated by the threat of global extinction. yet if conservationists had more information suggesting that the local extirpation of individual species could lead to undesirable ecological effects, conservationists might more frequently attempt to protect or restore such species across their range even if they are not in danger of global extinction. scientists have seldom measured or quantitatively predicted the functional consequences of species loss, even for larg ...201728218805
wild versus domestic prey in the diet of reintroduced tigers (panthera tigris) in the livestock-dominated multiple-use forests of panna tiger reserve, india.grazing livestock in openly accessible areas is a common practice in the multiple-use forests of india; however, its compatibility with the reintroduction of tigers to these areas requires examination. here, we investigated the diet of tigers in a livestock-dominated multiple-use buffer zone of the panna tiger reserve, india. we hypothesised that the presence of feral cattle, along with open-access grazing practices in multiple-use forests, would increase the incidence of predation on livestock ...201728379997
shark teeth as edged weapons: serrated teeth of three species of selachians.prior to european contact, south pacific islanders used serrated shark teeth as components of tools and weapons. they did this because serrated shark teeth are remarkably effective at slicing through soft tissues. to understand more about the forms and functions of serrated shark teeth, we examined the morphology and histology of tooth serrations in three species: the tiger shark (galeocerdo cuvier), blue shark (prionace glauca), and white shark (carcharodon carcharias). we show that there are t ...201727353190
effect of tiger-nut (cyperus esculentus) milk co-product on the surface and diffusional properties of a wheat-based matrix.the food processing industry generates huge volumes of waste and co-products which still contain valuable compounds. tiger-nut milk production generates large amounts of a co-product with a high insoluble fibre content, which is interesting as a bioactive component from a nutritional viewpoint. this co-product is formed by two different tissues in composition, particle size and colour terms, so two different flours were obtained from them. both flours were included in a wheat-based matrix at dif ...201728159295
spatio-temporal interactions facilitate large carnivore sympatry across a resource gradient.species within a guild vary their use of time, space and resources, thereby enabling sympatry. as intra-guild competition intensifies, such behavioural adaptations may become prominent. we assessed mechanisms of facilitating sympatry among dhole (cuon alpinus), leopard (panthera pardus) and tiger (panthera tigris) in tropical forests of india using camera-trap surveys. we examined population-level temporal, spatial and spatio-temporal segregation among them across four reserves representing a gr ...201728179511
elemental classification of the tusks of dugong (dugong dugong) by hh-xrf analysis and comparison with other species.the elemental composition was investigated and applied for identifying the sex and habitat of dugongs, in addition to distinguishing dugong tusks and teeth from other animal wildlife materials such as asian elephant (elephas maximus) tusks and tiger (panthera tigris tigris) canine teeth. a total of 43 dugong tusks, 60 dugong teeth, 40 dolphin teeth, 1 whale tooth, 40 asian elephant tusks and 20 tiger canine teeth were included in the study. elemental analyses were conducted using a handheld x-ra ...201728387333
a new species of the genus <i>bertholdia</i> schaus, 1896 (lepidoptera: erebidae: arctiinae) from the neotropical region: <i>bertholdia</i> <i>zoenia</i> sp. n.a new species of bertholdia schaus is described: bertholdia zoenia sp. n., based on males and females from argentina and paraguay. this new species is closer to bertholdia myosticta hampson, 1901 from costa rica, irazú. bertholdia zoenia sp. n. can be recognized externally because its hyaline spot on forewing is the widest among all species of genus. also, the shape of this hyaline spot is like a right triangle with smooth outer margin, different from other species of genus, which have an irregu ...201728264269
cataracts and strabismus associated with hand rearing using artificial milk formulas in bengal tiger (panthera tigris spp tigris) cubs.the aim of this investigation is to describe the potential contributing nutritional factors involved in the development of ophthalmic and dermatologic changes in four bengal tiger (panthera tigris spp tigris) cubs fed an artificial milk formula. the affected animals were compared with two other tiger cubs that had been nursed by their dam naturally. after the first clinical signs appeared, the tiger cubs underwent ophthalmic evaluation. severe symmetric generalized alopecia over the trunk, spari ...201728210544
krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family promicromonosporaceae, isolated from the takamatsuzuka tumulus stone chamber interior and reclassification of promicromonospora flava as krasilnikoviella flava comb. nov.a gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete, designated strain t6220-5-2bt, was isolated from a sample taken from a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, byakko) inside the stone chamber of takamatsuzuka tumulus in asuka village, nara prefecture, japan. based on 16s rrna gene sequence analysis of the isolate, it was closely related to the genus promicromonospora, but formed of a novel lineage within the family promicromonosporaceae. the closest related ...201727902237
talking to the dead: using post-mortem data in the assessment of stress in tiger sharks (galeocerdo cuvier) (péron and lesueur, 1822).sharks are very sensitive to stress and prone to a high mortality rate after capture. since approximately 50 million of sharks are caught as bycatch every year, and current recommendations to reduce the impact of commercial fishing strongly support immediate release, it is imperative to better understand post-release mortality caused by the stress of capture and handling. blood samples allow the assessment of stress levels which are valuable tools to reduce mortality in commercial, recreational ...201727549099
a probiotic bacillus strain containing amorphous poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (phb) stimulates the innate immune response of penaeus monodon postlarvae.in this study, the phb-accumulating bacillus sp. jl47 strain (capable of accumulating 55% phb on cell dry weight) was investigated for its effects on the immune response of giant tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) postlarvae (pl) before and after the vibrio campbellii challenge. briefly, shrimp pl were cultured and fed with artemia nauplii enriched with bacillus sp. jl47. shrimp receiving the artemia nauplii without jl47 enrichment were used as control. after 15 days of feeding, the shrimp were chal ...201728709724
the innate immunity of guinea pigs against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection.h5n1 avian influenza viruses are a major pandemic concern. in contrast to the highly virulent phenotype of h5n1 in humans and many animal models, guinea pigs do not typically display signs of severe disease in response to h5n1 virus infection. here, proteomic and transcriptional profiling were applied to identify host factors that account for the observed attenuation of a/tiger/harbin/01/2002 (h5n1) virulence in guinea pigs. rig-i and numerous interferon stimulated genes were among host proteins ...201728418930
molecular characterization of viral responsive protein 15 and its possible role in nuclear export of virus in black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.a viral responsive protein 15 from penaeus monodon (pmvrp15) has been reported to be important for white spot syndrome virus (wssv) infection in vivo. this work aims to characterize pmvrp15 and investigate its possible role in nuclear import/export of the virus. circular dichroism spectra showed that pmvrp15 contains high helical contents (82%). analytical ultracentrifugation suggested that pmvrp15 could possibly form oligomers in solution. a subcellular fractionation study showed that pmvrp15 w ...201728747797
variable rna expression from recently acquired, endogenous viral elements (eve) of white spot syndrome virus (wssv) in shrimp.the viral accommodation hypothesis proposes that endogenous viral elements (eve) from both rna and dna viruses are being continually integrated into the shrimp genome by natural host processes and that they can result in tolerance to viral infection by fortuitous production of antisense, immunospecific rna (imrna). thus, we hypothesized that previously reported microarray results for the presence of white spot syndrome virus (wssv) open reading frames (orfs) formerly called 151, 366 and 427 in a ...201728709908
current status of viral diseases in indian shrimp aquaculture.the intensification of aquaculture has been unique in showing the overwhelming changes in global food production in the last 100 years. presently, it is playing a vital role in the economies of several countries. conversely, it is also to be noted that the progression of aquaculture has been the foundation of anthropogenic alteration of a gigantic hierarchy and hence not astonishingly, it resulted in spread and emergence of an increasing group of new unknown diseases. in india, penaeus monodon, ...201728523918
characterization of pmspӓtzle 1 from the black tiger shrimp peneaus monodon.spätzle is a signaling ligand in innate immune response that signals pathogenic infection via toll receptor and toll pathway into the cells for the synthesis of antimicrobial proteins. herein, three pmspӓtzle isoforms were identified in penaeus monodon, namely pmspz1, 2 and 3. the pmspz1 was chosen for detailed study. the pmspz1 gene was expressed in all nine tissues tested including the hemocytes, stomach, hepatopancreas, gill, lymphoid tissue, eyestalk, muscle, intestine and heart. its express ...201728400214
osteoarthritis in two marine mammals and 22 land mammals: learning from skeletal remains.the occurrence of osteoarthritis (oa) in marine mammals is still questionable. here we investigated the prevalence of oa in marine (dolphin and dugong) and terrestrial mammals (asian elephant, asiatic buffalo, camel, cat, cattle, deer, dog, domestic goat, horse, human, hyena, impala, lion, malayan tapir, assam macaque, mule, pig, rabbit, red kangaroo, sheep, tiger and waterbuck). skeletal remains obtained from five institutes were used as subjects; a total of 45 different parts (locations) of bo ...201728542897
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