Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| experimental infection and detection of aphanomyces invadans in european catfish, rainbow trout and european eel. | european catfish silurus glanis, european eel anguilla anguilla and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were challenged by intramuscular injection of zoospores of aphanomyces invadans, the oomycete associated with epizootic ulcerative syndrome (eus). the tropical three-spot gourami trichogaster trichopterus is known to be highly susceptible and was used as a positive control. european catfish were highly susceptible and rainbow trout had moderate to low susceptibility, whereas eels appeared largel ... | 2008 | 19244971 |
| real-time pcr detection of moritella viscosa, the likely causal agent of winter-ulcer in atlantic salmon salmo salar and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | we report the development of a real-time pcr protocol for specific detection of moritella viscosa. this bacterium is considered to be the main aetiological agent in development of winter-ulcer, a disease severely affecting salmonid aquaculture in norway. from a newly elaborated draft version of the genome of m. viscosa, the tonb gene sequence was selected as a suitable basis for the development of the real-time pcr assay. the real-time pcr demonstrated the presence of m. viscosa dna sequences in ... | 2008 | 19149373 |
| strawberry disease lesions in rainbow trout from southern idaho are associated with dna from a rickettsia-like organism. | strawberry disease (sd) in the usa is a skin disorder of unknown etiology that occurs in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and is characterized by bright red inflammatory lesions. to identify a candidate bacterial agent responsible for sd, we constructed 16s rdna libraries from 7 sd lesion samples and 2 apparently healthy skin samples from sd-affected fish. a 16s rdna sequence highly similar to members of the order rickettsiales was present in 3 lesion libraries at 1%, 32% and 54% prevalence, bu ... | 2008 | 19149374 |
| microhabitat selection of discocotyle sagittata (monogenea: polyopisthocotylea) in farmed rainbow trout. | microhabitat preference of the monogenean discocotyle sagittata (leuckart, 1842) was determined in late spring and late autumn in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), reared in the isle of man, u.k. discocotyle sagittata exhibits a preference for attachment to anterior gill arches: 29% of all worms occurred on gill arch i, 28% on ii, 25% on iii and 18% on iv. this distribution pattern on the introduced salmonid species is the same as reported for its native european host, the brown trou ... | 2008 | 19175205 |
| seasonality of gyrodactylus brachymystacis ergens on farmed rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), in central china, with a report of an infection on wild manchurian trout, brachymystax lenok (pallas). | 2008 | 19017070 | |
| genetic characterisation of farmed rainbow trout in norway: intra- and inter-strain variation reveals potential for identification of escapees. | the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the most important aquaculture species in the world, and norway is one of the largest producers. the present study was initiated in response to a request from the norwegian police authority to identify the farm of origin for 35 escaped rainbow trout captured in a fjord. eleven samples, each consisting of approximately 47 fish, were collected from the three farms operating in the fjord where the escapees were captured. in order to gain a better ge ... | 2008 | 19087266 |
| characterization of probiotic carnobacteria isolated from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) intestine. | to characterize two probiotic carnobacterial isolates, carnobacterium maltaromaticum (b26) and c. divergens (b33), derived from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) intestine. | 2008 | 19552776 |
| molecular and morphological analysis of myxobolus spp. of salmonid fishes with the description of a new myxobolus species. | while investigating the parasite fauna of wild coho salmon. oncorhynchus kisutch (walbaum, 1792), histological examination provided evidence of a new species of myxobolus (myxozoa: myxosporea) infecting nerves of skeletal muscle. spores were morphologically similar to those of the intramuscular myxobolus insidiosus wyatt and pratt, 1963, both having pyriform spores with clavate polar capsules. however, the former developed exclusively in the nerves of skeletal muscle rather than in myocytes. we ... | 2008 | 19127969 |
| leukocytes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) pronephros: cell types producing superoxide anion. | fish pronephric and blood leukocytes yield a chemiluminescent response (cl) when stimulated appropriately. this response reflects the production of highly reactive oxygen derivatives which contribute to oxygen-dependent killing of targets such as pathogens and parasites. from suspensions of pronephric cells of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, we have obtained populations enriched for cl-positive cells. four bands of cells were obtained using continuous gradients generated with 60% percoll ... | 2008 | 2551747 |
| influence of ormetoprim on the bioavailability, distribution, and pharmacokinetics of sulfadimethoxine in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 1. half lives of distribution and elimination phases of 14c-sulfadimethoxine following i.v. dosing of sulfadimethoxine/ormetoprim (sdm/omp, 42/8 mg/kg) were 0.4 and 16.1 hr respectively. the apparent volume of distribution was 503.9 ml/kg. 2. in vitro plasma protein binding of 14c-sdm was not altered by increasing concentrations of unlabeled omp. similarly, binding of 14c-omp was not altered by sdm. 3. peak plasma concentrations of 14c-sdm following oral administration of sdm/omp were observed a ... | 2008 | 2576741 |
| liver 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid oxygenase activity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 1. in rainbow trout, 3haa activity was comparable with those of terrestrial animals; 3haa:pc activity ratio suggests ineffective conversion of tryptophan to niacin. 2. inactivation as well as reactivation under different conditions was investigated. 3. some characteristics of the enzyme extract were studied with the aim of optimizing assay in fish. | 2007 | 1764908 |
| morphologic description of infectious salmon anaemia virus (isav)-induced lesions in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss compared to atlantic salmon salmo salar. | in the present study the pathogenesis of experimental infectious salmon anaemia virus (isav) infection in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum, 1972) and atlantic salmon salmo salar was compared. the virus infection in the 2 species demonstrated different mortality patterns and pathology characteristics. atlantic salmon showed a typical acute mortality pattern peaking at 8 to 16 d post-infection (dpi) depending on virus dose, whereas in rainbow trout, only the highest virus dose (10(7.13-7 ... | 2007 | 18159667 |
| non-specific adsorption of fish immunoglobulin m (igm) to blocking reagents on elisa plate wells. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is a popular technique for quantifiable detection of specific antibodies in warm-blooded animals, but it has not been accepted for detection of fish antibodies because of its low reproducibility, which is due in part to high background optical density (od) measurements. in the present study, we report that the high background of a fish antibody-detection elisa resulted from non-specific adsorption of fish immunoglobulin m (igm) to blocking reagents on th ... | 2007 | 18159673 |
| in vitro enhancement by cpg odn of phagocytic activity of rainbow trout head kidney phagocytes against fish pathogen vibrio ordalii, but not against polystyrene particles. | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) head kidney phagocytes precultured with a synthetic cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (cpg) oligodeoxynucleotide (odn) displayed significantly higher phagocytic activity against vibrio ordalii than phagocytes precultured with non-cpg odn. however, head kidney phagocytes precultured with cpg odn did not show enhanced phagocytic activity against polystyrene particles. | 2007 | 18176027 |
| temperature-dependent expression of immune-relevant genes in rainbow trout following yersinia ruckeri vaccination. | the gene expression of immune-relevant genes in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss following vaccination with a bacterin of yersinia ruckeri, a bacterial pathogen causing enteric red mouth disease (erm), was investigated at 5, 15, and 25 degrees c. rainbow trout were immunized by i.p. injection of a water-based y. ruckeri (serotype o1) bacterin, and gene expression profiles were compared to control groups injected with phosphate buffered saline (pbs). blood and tissue samples (spleen and head kid ... | 2007 | 17933396 |
| development of an effective whole-spore vaccine to protect against microsporidial gill disease in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by using a low-virulence strain of loma salmonae. | in determining the effective vaccine spore dose of a low-virulence strain of loma salmonae to limit microsporidial gill disease in trout, we found that fish receiving 10(3) to 10(5) killed spores had the best protection against experimental infection, with 85% fewer xenomas in their gills than in the controls. intraperitoneal delivery of the vaccine was effective, and the addition of adjuvant did not improve vaccine performance against this disease-causing microsporidian. | 2007 | 17942613 |
| lack of circadian regulation of in vitro melatonin release from the pineal organ of salmonid teleosts. | in many teleost species, the photoreceptive pineal organ harbors the circadian clock that regulates melatonin release in the pineal organ itself. however, the pineal organ of three salmonids (rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, masu salmon oncorhynchus masou, and sockeye salmon oncorhynchus nerka) did not exhibit circadian rhythms in melatonin release when maintained under constant darkness (dd) in vitro, suggesting that the pineal organs of all salmonids lack the circadian regulation of melatoni ... | 2007 | 17681505 |
| ultrastructure and molecular diagnosis of spironucleus salmonis (diplomonadida) from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in germany. | diplomonad flagellates infect a wide range of fish hosts in aquaculture and in the wild in north america, asia and europe. intestinal diplomonad infection in juvenile farmed trout can be associated with morbidity and mortality, and in germany, diplomonads in trout are commonly reported, and yet are poorly characterised. we therefore undertook a comprehensive study of diplomonads from german rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and sequencing of ... | 2007 | 17523542 |
| antibiotic and heavy metal resistance in motile aeromonads and pseudomonads from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) farms in australia. | a total of 129 pseudomonas spp. and 90 aeromonas spp. were isolated from nine rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) farms in australia. all the isolates were tested for sensitivity to 15 antibiotics and the multiresistant strains were tested for sensitivity to seven heavy metals. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined by the agar dilution method. in pseudomonas spp., resistance to amoxicillin, cefalothin, ceftiofur, ticarcillin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, streptomycin, nitrofu ... | 2007 | 17524624 |
| invading rainbow trout usurp a terrestrial prey subsidy from native charr and reduce their growth and abundance. | movements of prey organisms across ecosystem boundaries often subsidize consumer populations in adjacent habitats. human disturbances such as habitat degradation or non-native species invasions may alter the characteristics or fate of these prey subsidies, but few studies have measured the direct effects of this disruption on the growth and local abundance of predators in recipient habitats. here we present evidence, obtained from a combined experimental and comparative study in northern japan, ... | 2007 | 17530293 |
| relative quantification of immune-regulatory genes in two rainbow trout strains, oncorhynchus mykiss, after exposure to myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease. | expression of immune-regulatory genes that code for cyclooxigenase-2 (cox-2), transforming growth factor beta (tgf-beta), and two isoforms of interleukin-1beta (il-1beta1 and il-1beta2) was studied in susceptible and non-susceptible rainbow trout strains for 200 days after exposure to myxobolus cerebralis. expression of cox-2, il-1beta1, and il-1beta2 increased 5 min post exposure (p.e.) and was always more elevated in the susceptible strain than in the non-susceptible strain. in both strains, e ... | 2007 | 17530478 |
| acute and subacute toxic effects produced by microcystin-yr on the fish cell lines rtg-2 and plhc-1. | approximately 80 microcystins (mcs) variants have been isolated in surface water worldwide. the toxicity of the most frequently mcs are encountered, mc-lr and mc-rr, has been extensively studied in humans and animals. however, studies dealing with mc-yr toxicity are still scarce. in this work, the toxic effects of mc-yr were investigated in the fish cell line plhc-1, derived from a hepatocellular carcinoma of the topminnow poeciliopsis lucida, and rtg-2 fibroblast-like cells derived from the gon ... | 2007 | 17706912 |
| cross-reactivity of human leukocyte differentiation antigen monoclonal antibodies on carp and rainbow trout cells. | three hundred and seventy-seven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against human cd antigens and non-classified human leukocyte surface antigens were assayed for their reactivity with common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) and thymocytes within the animal homologue section of the 8th international workshop on human leukocyte differentiation antigens (hlda8). four of the mabs clearly reacted with rainbow trout pbl and two with ... | 2007 | 17707517 |
| alphavirus infections in salmonids--a review. | the first alphavirus to be isolated from fish was recorded in 1995 with the isolation of salmon pancreas disease virus from atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., in ireland. subsequently, the closely related sleeping disease virus was isolated from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), in france. more recently norwegian salmonid alphavirus (sav) has been isolated from marine phase production of atlantic salmon and rainbow trout in norway. these three viruses are closely related and are now co ... | 2007 | 17718707 |
| pancreas disease in farmed atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., and rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), in norway. | the present paper describes, for the first time, clinical signs and pathological findings of pancreas disease (pd) in farmed atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., and rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), in sea water in norway. similarities and differences with reports of pd from ireland and scotland are discussed. samples of 68 rainbow trout from disease outbreaks on 14 farms and from 155 atlantic salmon from outbreaks on 20 farms collected from 1996 to 2004 were included in the present stu ... | 2007 | 17718709 |
| identification of a second group of type i ifns in fish sheds light on ifn evolution in vertebrates. | in this report, three type i ifn genes were identified in rainbow trout (rt) oncorhynchus mykiss and are classified into two groups based on their primary protein sequences: group i containing two cysteine residues; and group ii containing four cysteines residues. the group i rtifns were induced in fibroblasts (rtg-2 cells), macrophages (rts-11 cells), and head kidney leukocytes when stimulated with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, whereas group ii ifn was up-regulated in head kidney leukocytes ... | 2007 | 17785823 |
| sequence analysis of omnramp alpha and quantitative expression of nramp homologues in different trout strains after infection with myxobolus cerebralis. | salmonid whirling disease caused by the metazoan parasite myxobolus cerebralis is an ongoing problem in wild and farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss populations. rainbow trout from different strains vary in susceptibility to the parasite. identification of underlying mechanisms could be a starting point for improved control of the disease. we conducted infection trials using 2 rainbow trout strains and brown trout salmo trutta fario, a species not susceptible to the parasite, to investigate ... | 2007 | 17803108 |
| gill erod in monitoring of cyp1a inducers in fish: a study in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) caged in stockholm and uppsala waters. | the gill filament 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod) assay was evaluated as a monitoring tool for waterborne cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a) inducers using rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) caged in urban area waters in sweden. to compare the cyp1a induction response in different tissues, erod activity was also analyzed in liver and kidney microsomes. immunohistochemistry was used to localize cyp1a protein in gill and kidney. in two separate experiments fish were caged at sites with fairly high e ... | 2007 | 17826851 |
| the development of probiotics for the control of multiple bacterial diseases of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | jb-1 and gc2, which were equated with bacillus sp. and aeromonas sobria respectively, were recovered from the digestive tract of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss and ghost carp, cyprinus sp. respectively, and demonstrated effectiveness as probiotics for the control of infections caused by aeromonas salmonicida, lactococcus garvieae, streptococcus iniae, vibrio anguillarum, vibrio ordalii and yersinia ruckeri. when administered to rainbow trout (average weight = 12 g) for 14 days in feed dosed ... | 2007 | 17850573 |
| fish genotype significantly influences susceptibility of juvenile rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), to waterborne infection with infectious salmon anaemia virus. | 2007 | 17850579 | |
| ultraviolet b irradiation affects resistance of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) against bacterium yersinia ruckeri and trematode diplostomum spathaceum. | ultraviolet b (uvb) radiation is known to have various effects on the immune system of fish, but the effect on the actual disease resistance has remained largely unknown. here we studied the effect of uvb on the resistance of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) against a bacterium yersinia ruckeri, the causative agent of enteric red mouth disease, and a trematode parasite diplostomum spathaceum, which causes cataracts in fish. the fish were exposed to uvb irradiation seven times in 14 days, and ... | 2007 | 17880522 |
| protein recovery from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) processing byproducts via isoelectric solubilization/precipitation and its gelation properties as affected by functional additives. | solubility of rainbow trout proteins was determined between ph 1.5 and 13.0 and various ionic strengths (is). minimum solubility occurred at ph 5.5; however, when is = 0.2, the minimum solubility shifted toward more acidic ph. isoelectric solubilization/precipitation was applied to trout processing byproducts (fish meat left over on bones, head, skin, etc.), resulting in protein recovery yields (kjeldahl, dry basis) between 77.7% and 89.0%, depending of the ph used for solubilization and precipi ... | 2007 | 17902629 |
| determination of xenobiotic intrinsic clearance in freshly isolated hepatocytes from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and rat and its application in bioaccumulation assessment. | bioaccumulation in fish depends on the dynamics of various processes that involve fish uptake, storage, and elimination of xenobiotics. elimination via fish biotransformation is a primary process that can be evaluated in an in vitro system to improve the performance of the prediction of xenobiotic bioaccumulation potentials. in this study, values of intrinsic clearance (clint) of seven reference compounds (atrazine, molinate, 4,4-bis(dimethylamino)-benzophenone, 4-nonylphenol, 2,4-di-tert-butylp ... | 2007 | 17539536 |
| proteomic analyses indicate induction of hepatic carbonyl reductase/20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase b in rainbow trout exposed to sewage effluent. | proteomic analyses were performed to identify regulated liver proteins in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) caged upstream and downstream from a sewage treatment works (stw). two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, image analysis and ft-icr mass-spectrometry revealed four regulated protein spots. the three down-regulated spots contained betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and an unidentified protein respectively. the only up-regulated spot consisted of both mitochondrial atp syn ... | 2007 | 17543385 |
| development of a base set of toxicity tests using ultrafine tio2 particles as a component of nanoparticle risk management. | the development of a risk management system for nanoscale or ultrafine particle-types requires a base set of hazard data. assessing risk is a function of hazard and exposure data. previously, we have suggested "parallel tracks" as a strategy for conducting nanoparticle research. on the one hand, mechanistic studies on "representative" nanoparticles could be supported by governmental agencies. alternatively, with regard to commercial nanoparticles, the environmental, health and safety (ehs) frame ... | 2007 | 17566673 |
| tracing salmon-derived nutrients and contaminants in freshwater food webs across a pronounced spawner density gradient. | many have demonstrated that anadromous pacific salmon are significant vectors of nutrients from the ocean to freshwaters. recently. however, it has been recognized that salmon spawners also input significant quantities of contaminants. the objectives of this paper are to delineate the extent to which salmon-derived nutrients are integrated into the freshwater food web using delta(15)n and delta(13)c and to assess the influence of the salmon pathway in the accumulation of contaminants in rainbow ... | 2007 | 17571673 |
| microbial diversity of intestinal contents and mucus in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the aim of this study was to understand the microbial community of intestinal contents and mucosal layer in the intestine of rainbow trout by means of culture-dependent conventional and independent molecular techniques. | 2007 | 17578431 |
| assessing the impact of a downscaled climate change simulation on the fish fauna in an inner-alpine river. | this study assesses the impact of a changing climate on fish fauna by comparing the past mean state of fish assemblage to a possible future mean state. it is based on (1) local scale observations along an inner-alpine river called mur, (2) an ipcc emission scenario (is92a), implemented by atmosphere-ocean global circulation model (aogcm) echam4/opyc3, and (3) a model-chain that links climate research to hydrobiology. the mur river is still in a near-natural condition and water temperature in sum ... | 2007 | 17587065 |
| expanded geographical distribution of myxobolus cerebralis: first detections from alaska. | the parasite responsible for salmonid whirling disease, myxobolus cerebralis, was introduced to the usa in 1958. it has since spread across the country causing severe declines in wild trout populations, but has never been documented from alaska. however, while assessing the risk of introduction of m. cerebralis into the state, we detected the parasite using a species-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay. testing of 180 hatchery rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), by pepsin tr ... | 2007 | 17640251 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) ccaat/enhancer binding protein genes and their responses to induction by gh in vitro and in vivo. | ccaat/enhancer-binding proteins (c/ebps) are transcription factors consisting of six isoforms and play diverse physiological roles in vertebrates. in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), in addition to the reported c/ebpbeta1, we have isolated cdna of four other isoforms, c/ebpalpha, c/ebpbeta2, c/ebpdelta1, c/ebpdelta2, from the liver. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of rainbow trout c/ebps with those of other vertebrates revealed that c/ebp isoforms are highly conserved. the prof ... | 2007 | 17641287 |
| enhancement of the immune response and protection induced by probiotic lactic acid bacteria against furunculosis in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | we analysed the effect of probiotic strains on the cellular and humoral immune responses of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and their capacity to prevent furunculosis during a challenge trial. probiotic strains (lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis clfp 100, leuconostoc mesenteroides clfp 196, and lactobacillus sakei clfp 202) were administered orally to fish for 2 weeks at 10(6) cfu g(-1) of feed. in comparison to untreated control fish, the phagocytic activity of head kidney leukocytes and the ... | 2007 | 17645738 |
| the effects of three organic chemicals on the upper thermal tolerances of four freshwater fishes. | the upper temperature tolerance limits of four freshwater fish species, silver perch bidyanus bidyanus, eastern rainbowfish melanotaenia duboulayi, western carp gudgeon hypseleotris klunzingeri, and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, were determined using the critical thermal maximum (ctmaximum) method. the ctmaximum tests were carried out with unexposed fish and fish exposed to sublethal concentrations of endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, and phenol to determine whether or not the ctmaximum was affecte ... | 2007 | 17665686 |
| immune modulation and expression of cytokine genes in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss upon probiotic feeding. | this study elucidates the immune modulation including the expression of cytokine genes following dietary administration of three selected probiotic bacteria--lactobacillus rhamnosus, enterococcus faecium and bacillus subtilis to fish, rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. they were fed for 45 days on either a basal control diet or one of the three probiotic diets containing the specific bacteria in freeze-dried form at a density of 10(9)cfugfeed-1. the non-specific immune parameters examined--super ... | 2007 | 17045337 |
| arctic charr (salvelinus alpinus) is a suitable host for gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea, gyrodactylidae) in norway. | gyrodactylus specimens infecting both anadromous arctic charr (salvelinus alpinus) from river signaldalselva (northern norway) and resident arctic charr from lake pålsbufjorden (southern norway) were identified as g. salaris using molecular markers and morphometrics. the infection in pålsbufjorden represents the first record of a viable g. salaris population infecting a host in the wild in the absence of salmon (salmo salar). g. salaris on charr from signaldalselva and pålsbufjorden bear differe ... | 2007 | 17054822 |
| characterization of twin toll-like receptors from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): evolutionary relationship and induced expression by aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida. | structure and function of factors contributing to the innate immune system of lower vertebrates, including fish are only sparsely characterized. we retrieved with rt-pcr cdna copies of two closely related toll-like receptors (tlr) from liver rna of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the cdna sequences are homologous to 95.6%. the phylogenetic analysis of their deduced amino acid sequences places these twin factors closely to other known tlrs from fish. the twin factors are equally expresse ... | 2007 | 17070576 |
| stationary phase culture supernatant containing membrane vesicles induced immunity to rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss fry syndrome. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is the causative agent of bacterial cold water disease (bcwd) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fry syndrome (rtfs). logarithmic phase formalin-killed cells (fkc) of f. psychrophilum induced immunity to bcwd in ayu (plecoglossus altivelis) by using an oral administration. in this study, we investigated the effective antigens of logarithmic phase cells in rainbow trout. rainbow trout fry immunized with logarithmic phase fkc resulted in near complete protection, ... | 2007 | 17095127 |
| disposition of genistein in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and siberian sturgeon (acipenser baeri). | genistein (g) is a xenoestrogen from soy present in fish diet. in vivo, a 50-fold difference in sensitivity to genistein on vitellogenin (vtg) synthesis was found when comparing trout and sturgeon. this difference was not linked to the estrogen receptor affinity nor to the sensitivity of induction of the vtg pathway. the study was performed to check if differences in the g disposition in the two species could explain their difference of sensitivity to g. a pharmacokinetic analysis of radiolabele ... | 2007 | 17097654 |
| characterization of rainbow trout egg quality: a case study using four different breeding protocols, with emphasis on the incidence of embryonic malformations. | the aim of this study was to set up a methodology to accurately evaluate the effects of various husbandry practices on a fish broodstock based on the developmental potential of the egg. for that purpose, long-short photoperiod manipulations (tested twice, pm1 and pm2 groups), spawning induction by injection of a gnrh analog (si group), and a 16-day post-ovulatory ageing of eggs (poa group) were used in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). females without any treatment were used as a control grou ... | 2007 | 17118435 |
| in vitro and in vivo differential expression of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) mx isoforms in response to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) g gene, poly i:c and vhsv. | three different mx isoforms are known to be present in rainbow trout, however, to date, neither their mechanism of action nor their regulation have been established. because most previous studies have focused only on one mx isoform of the three present in rainbow trout, the expression of all isoforms was simultaneously studied in this work in response to the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) g gene, poly i:c or vhsv. thus, rt-pcr assays were specifically designed to amplify each of the ... | 2007 | 17157032 |
| variation in host preference within gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea): an experimental approach. | the monogenean ectoparasite, gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957, has had a devastating effect on wild atlantic salmon (salmo salar) since its introduction to norway in the mid-1970s. in lake pålsbufjorden, southern norway, upstream of the stretches of the river numedalslågen with anadromous atlantic salmon, a resident arctic charr (salvelinus alpinus) population has been reported to be infected with g. salaris which is viable in the absence of its normal host, the atlantic salmon. currently, th ... | 2007 | 17166321 |
| conserved expression of alternative splicing variants of peroxisomal acyl-coa oxidase 1 in vertebrates and developmental and nutritional regulation in fish. | the acyl-coenzyme a oxidase 1 (acox1) catalyzes the first, rate-limiting step in peroxisomal beta-oxidation of medium to very long straight-chain fatty acids. zebrafish (danio rerio) acox1 was characterized and compared with homologs from other sequenced genomes, revealing a remarkable conservation of structure in the vertebrate lineage. strictly conserved regions of the deduced proteins included acyl-coa oxidase and fad binding domains, as well as a cooh-terminal peroxisomal targeting signal. w ... | 2007 | 17090698 |
| evidence for the presence of a glucosensor in hypothalamus, hindbrain, and brockmann bodies of rainbow trout. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the existence of a glucosensor in different regions of the brain and in the brockmann bodies (bb) of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. five groups (n = 12) of trout were injected intraperitoneally with saline alone (control) or saline-containing bovine glucagon (100 mug/kg), bovine insulin (4 mg/kg), 2-deoxy-d-glucose (100 mg/kg), or d-glucose (500 mg/kg) to promote hyperglycemia (glucagon, d-glucose, 2-deoxy-d-glucose) or hypoglycemia (insulin). six h ... | 2007 | 17170235 |
| ultrastructural effects of pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, clofibric acid, metoprolol, diclofenac) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and common carp (cyprinus carpio). | in order to assess potential effects of human pharmaceuticals in aquatic wildlife, laboratory experiments were conducted with carbamazepine, clofibric acid, metoprolol, and diclofenac using fish as test organisms. for each substance, at least one environmentally relevant concentration was tested. in liver, kidney, and gills of trout and carp exposed to carbamazepine, clofibric acid, and metoprolol, ultrastructural effects were qualitatively described and semi-quantitatively assessed. the obtaine ... | 2007 | 17216161 |
| endocrine and orexigenic actions of growth hormone secretagogues in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the effects of growth hormone secretagogues (ghss) on the teleost somatotropic axis are poorly understood, particularly with respect to insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) and the igf-binding proteins (igfbps). to assess the endocrine and orexigenic responses of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to ghs treatment, animals were injected with human ghrh(1-29)-amide, kp-102 or rat ghrelin at 0, 1 or 10 pmol/g body mass. feed intake was tested at 2 and 5 h post-injection and plasma levels of growt ... | 2007 | 17240179 |
| detection of the bacterium flavobacterium psychrophilum from a natural infection in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), using formalin-fixed, wax-embedded fish tissues. | the bacterial pathogen flavobacterium psychrophilum was successfully identified from formalin-fixed, wax-embedded tissue blocks of infected rainbow trout heart and spleen tissues, using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay. filamentous bacteria were observed in haematoxylin and eosin and giemsa-stained sections but no bacteria were recovered from the diseased fish using standard bacteriology isolation techniques. all infected fish had histopathological evidence of myocarditis or rainbow ... | 2007 | 17241403 |
| demonstration of infectious salmon anaemia virus (isav) endocytosis in erythrocytes of atlantic salmon. | infectious salmon anaemia (isa) virus (isav) is a fish orthomyxovirus that has recently been assigned to the new genus isavirus within the family orthomyxoviridae. it possesses the major functional characteristics of the virus family including haemagglutinating, receptor destroying enzyme (rde), and fusion activities associated with the virion surface proteins. it is generally accepted that isav agglutinates erythrocytes of several fish species and that the isav rde activity dissolves this haema ... | 2007 | 17254352 |
| purification and characterization of calpain and calpastatin from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | although the calpain system has been studied extensively in mammalian animals, much less is known about the properties of mu-calpain, m-calpain, and calpastatin in lower vertebrates such as fish. these three proteins were isolated and partly characterized from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, muscle. trout m-calpain contains an 80-kda large subunit, but the approximately 26-kda small subunit from trout m-calpain is smaller than the 28-kda small subunit from mammalian calpains. trout mu-calpai ... | 2007 | 17276714 |
| expression of inducible cc chemokines in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in response to a viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) dna vaccine and interleukin 8. | in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), at least three cxc chemokines and eighteen cc chemokine sequences have been discovered in the past years, although no studies concerning their bioactivity have been performed yet. we have studied the expression of five different cc chemokines that cluster into the group of inducible chemokines (ck5a, ck5b, ck6, ck7a and ck7b) in trout injected with a plasmid coding for the glycoprotein g gene (pmcv1.4-g) of viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv). in a ... | 2007 | 17284335 |
| timing of intraperitoneal administration of beta-1,3/1,6 glucan to rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), affects protection against the microsporidian loma salmonae. | 2007 | 17298566 | |
| characterisation of a low pathogenic form of gyrodactylus salaris from rainbow trout. | gyrodactylus salaris was isolated from rainbow trout in a danish freshwater trout farm, and a laboratory population of this particular parasite form was established on rainbow trout. challenge infections were performed using different salmonid strains and species, including east atlantic salmon salmo salar (from the danish river skjernå), baltic salmon s. salar (from the swedish river ume alv) and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (from the danish rainbow trout farm fousing). these were compared ... | 2007 | 17330743 |
| maximum cardiac performance and adrenergic sensitivity of the sea bass dicentrarchus labrax at high temperatures. | we examined maximum cardiac performance of sea bass dicentrarchus labrax acclimated to 18 degrees c and 22 degrees c, temperatures near the optimum for growth of this species. our aim was to study whether cardiac performance, especially the effect of adrenergic stimulation, differed when compared to salmonids. sea bass and salmonids are both athletic swimmers but their cardiac anatomy differs markedly. the sea bass ventricle does not receive any oxygenated blood via a coronary circulation while ... | 2007 | 17371920 |
| bacterial-binding activity and plasma concentration of ladderlectin in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | soluble, defense lectins bind conserved microbial patterns leading to pathogen opsonization, enhanced phagocytosis and activation of complement. these immune functions, however, vary widely among individuals due to genetic and acquired differences affecting binding capacity or plasma concentration. most evidence for the defensive function of soluble lectins is based on mammals, but several functionally homologous, but less well-characterized, lectins have been identified in fish. in this study, ... | 2007 | 17383895 |
| safety and efficacy of an inactivated vaccine against lactococcus garvieae in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | we studied the safety and efficacy of an inactivated vaccine (ichtiovac-lg) against lactococcus garvieae in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). in an initial dose-response experiment to test safety, we injected 50 rainbow trout weighing 30-40 g with a double dose of vaccine (0.2 ml) intraperitoneally. we observed these fish three times a day until day 50 post-vaccination when they were killed to evaluate visceral reactions, adhesions and intraperitoneal absorption. survival was 100% in both the ... | 2007 | 17386951 |
| apolipoprotein a-i, an antimicrobial protein in oncorhynchus mykiss: evaluation of its expression in primary defence barriers and plasma levels in sick and healthy fish. | antimicrobial proteins and peptides play an important role in the primary defence barriers in vertebrates and invertebrates. in a previous study it was shown that high-density lipoprotein (hdl) and its major apolipoproteins, apoa-i and apoa-ii display antimicrobial activity in the carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the aim of this study was to evaluate if apoa-i conserves this defensive function in a salmonid fish like the rainbow trout, in spite of the low level of primary sequence conservation between ... | 2007 | 17391986 |
| a nlrr-1 gene is expressed in migrating slow muscle cells of the trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) embryo. | nlrr-l (neuronal leucine-rich repeat-l) is a transmembrane protein that functions as a cell adhesion molecule regulating morphogenesis. a previous study in the mouse reported that the somitic expression of nlrr-1 is restricted to the dorsal lip of the dermomyotome that gives rise to the epaxial muscle. in this study, we report the expression of a nlrr-1 gene in the trout-developing somite. whole mount in situ hybridization showed that nlrr-l transcript accumulated in a rostro-caudal wave in the ... | 2007 | 17394015 |
| a toxin-like gene in rainbow trout: cloning, expression, and gene organization. | the 'three-finger' protein family consists of structurally related proteins which display a variety of biological functions. snake venom alpha-neurotoxins, ly-6 alloantigens, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (upar) and the complement regulatory protein cd59 are members of this protein family. their characteristic feature is the disposition of four disulfide bridges forming a hydrophobic core. here it is reported the cloning and characterization of a toxin-like gene (toxin-1) in the ... | 2007 | 17400269 |
| electrophoretic and western blot analyses of the lipopolysaccharide and glycocalyx of flavobacterium psychrophilum. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is the aetiological agent of bacterial coldwater disease (cwd) and rainbow trout fry syndrome (rtfs) and it has emerged as one of the most significant bacterial pathogens in salmonid aquaculture worldwide. previous studies have suggested that the o-polysaccharide (o-ps) component of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of f. psychrophilum is highly immunogenic and may be involved in eliciting a protective immune response in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum). in the ... | 2007 | 17420143 |
| identification of potential vaccine target antigens by immunoproteomic analysis of a virulent and a non-virulent strain of the fish pathogen flavobacterium psychrophilum. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is the etiological agent of bacterial coldwater disease (cwd) and rainbow trout fry syndrome (rtfs). to identify antigens associated with virulence or host immunity, we compared total and immunogenic proteins of cellular and extracellular products (ecp) between a virulent (csf-259-93) and non-virulent (atcc 49418) strain of f. psychrophilum. one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of total cellular proteins revealed only minor differ ... | 2007 | 17425262 |
| evaluation of a range of doses of ultraviolet irradiation to inactivate waterborne actinospore stages of myxobolus cerebralis. | the ability of a range of doses of ultraviolet irradiation (uv) to inactivate the waterborne actinospore or triactinomyxon stages (tams) of myxobolus cerebralis was evaluated by infectivity for juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. tams were uv-irradiated using a low pressure mercury vapour lamp collimated beam apparatus. all doses 40, 80, 120 and 160 mj cm(-2) were found to completely inactivate the tams as demonstrated by the absence of microscopic lesions, myxospores and parasite dna de ... | 2007 | 17432040 |
| cytokine expression in the intestine of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) during infection with aeromonas salmonicida. | gene expression of a number of cytokines in the intestine of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was investigated after challenge with a pathogenic strain of aeromonas salmonicida. fish were exposed to a. salmonicida by immersion in a bacterial suspension (bath challenge) and tissue samples of the distal and proximal intestine were collected at days 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 post-exposure. head kidney tissue was also collected to assess the effect in a systemic immune tissue. a classic profile of pro-inf ... | 2007 | 17434320 |
| cpg oligodeoxynucleotides up-regulate antibacterial systems and induce protection against bacterial challenge in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the effects of unmethylated cpg oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) on the mammalian immune system are relatively well studied but much less is known of their effects on the immune systems of different fish species. here we show that cpg odns significantly enhance the survival of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) following bacterial challenge when used both as stand-alone prophylactic agents, or as adjuvants to a commercially available vaccine. they are also capable of increasing serum lysozyme activi ... | 2007 | 17459727 |
| serological, virological and histopathological study of an outbreak of sleeping disease in farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | a prospective longitudinal survey for sleeping disease (sd) was carried out over a 20 wk period on a caged freshwater population of farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mkyiss. pancreas, heart and red and white skeletal muscle were examined histologically and the presence and severity of lesions recorded. sera were tested for viraemia with salmonid alphavirus (sav) and for virus neutralizing (vn) antibodies. viraemia was detected for 4 wk, beginning at week 6 and with a peak prevalence of 57.9% at ... | 2007 | 17465304 |
| characterization of virus/double-stranded rna-dependent induction of antimicrobial peptide hepcidin in trout macrophages. | hepcidin is an antimicrobial peptide responsive to bacterial infection. we report the characterization of a virus/double-stranded rna (dsrna) induction of hepcidin in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). increased level of hepcidin mrna was observed in trout macrophage rts11 cells treated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly i:c), a mimic of viral dsrna. the induction was also observed in poly i:c-injected trout, demonstrating that it is a bona fide biological response. the induction was n ... | 2007 | 17498800 |
| surveillance for ceratomyxa shasta in the puget sound watershed, washington. | discovery of fish exhibiting clinical signs of ceratomyxosis in washington state prompted concern over the potential impact of the myxozoan parasite ceratomyxa shasta on native stocks of steelhead oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous rainbow trout). to investigate these concerns, a survey of 16 freshwater systems within the puget sound watershed, including lake washington, was conducted by sentinel exposure of susceptible fish (cutthroat trout o. clarkii and rainbow trout). fish were exposed for 7 d ... | 2007 | 18201052 |
| treatment of ichthyophthiriasis in rainbow trout and common carp with common and alternative therapeutics. | the goal of this laboratory study was to provide better knowledge about the treatment of ichthyophthiriasis (causative agent: ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a ciliate bacteria) in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and common carp cyprinus carpio. the following questions were investigated: (1) the effectiveness of different chemicals (formalin, sodium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, perotan, virkon, aquahumin, baycox, and ivomec) and at different concentrations and durations of application, (2) the n ... | 2007 | 18201060 |
| bacillus subtilis ab1 controls aeromonas infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum). | to develop a probiotic with effectiveness against aeromonas sp., which was pathogenic to rainbow trout. | 2007 | 17953580 |
| characterization of glycans in the developmental stages of myxobolus cerebralis (myxozoa), the causative agent of whirling disease. | glycans and sugar-binding molecules (lectins) form an interactive recognition system, which may enable parasitic organisms to adhere to host cells and migrate into target tissues. the aim of the present study was to analyse surface-associated glycans in the developmental stages of myxobolus cerebralis (hofer), the causative agent of whirling disease. a panel of biotin-labelled plant lectins was used to detect a broad spectrum of glycan motifs with high specificity. binding sites were detected hi ... | 2007 | 17958607 |
| microhabitat selection of gyrodactylus salaris malmberg on different salmonids. | the microhabitat selection of the ectoparasite gyrodactylus salaris (laerdalselva strain, norway) was investigated concurrently with studies on the parasite population growth on five strains of atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., and a strain of danish rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). the salmon used were hatchery-reared parr of east atlantic strains [river conon (scotland), river storå (western denmark) and river atran (western sweden)] and baltic strains [lule and ume (eastern sweden ... | 2007 | 18034680 |
| amino acid, fatty acid, and mineral profiles of materials recovered from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) processing by-products using isoelectric solubilization/precipitation. | protein, lipid, and insolubles (bones, skin, scales, fins, insoluble protein, and more) were recovered from rainbow trout processing by-products by means of isoelectric solubilization/precipitation at basic ph and acidic ph. isoelectric solubilization/precipitation of the trout processing by-products resulted in the recovery of protein that was higher (p < 0.05) in essential amino acids (eaas), non-eaas, and total eaa/total aa ratio when compared to the processing by-products. basic ph treatment ... | 2007 | 18034715 |
| use of site occupancy models to estimate prevalence of myxobolus cerebralis infection in trout. | empirical estimates of pathogen prevalence in samples of fish may underestimate true prevalence because available detection techniques are incapable of perfect detection. trout of several species were collected from enzootic (myxobolus cerebralis, causative agent in whirling disease) habitats, and individual fish were examined for presence of the parasite two or six times by one of four methods: pepsin-trypsin digest (brown trout salmo trutta), plankton centrifuge (brown trout), polymerase chain ... | 2007 | 18236627 |
| growth of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, w. 1792) in net cages in almus dam lake (tokat). | the growth performance of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, (initial weight 100 g) were tried in net cages in almus dam lake in tokat. rainbow trout were tried in net cages with 4 kg m(-3) stocking rearing density with four replicates. rainbow trout were fed adlibitum with pellet feed numbered 4. investigation was continued 106 days between august and november, 2003. at the end of the trial live weight increment was computed as 165,91 g and also specific growth rate 0,915, condition factor 1,5 ... | 2007 | 19069899 |
| microbiological changes occurring in trout fillets (oncorhynchus mykiss w. 1792) salted and treated with potassium sorbate during production and storage. | in this study, microbiological changes during processing and storage of salted-cured trout fillets treated with potassium sorbate were investigated. for this purpose, 10 and 15% (w/w) nacl and 1, 5 and 10% (w/v) potassium sorbate were applied to the fillets. the processed fillets were vacuum-packed and storage at 4 degrees c. the samples were analyzed in some periods of production and in the storage days of 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 for numbers of total mesophilic aerob, psycrophylic, yeast a ... | 2007 | 19070084 |
| vibriosis as an epizootic disease of rainbow trout (onchorynchus mykiss) in turkey. | vibrio anguillarum o1 was isolated from diseased cultured rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, in the southern aegean of turkey with lesions and signs of vibriosis. gram (-), motile and curved rods from diseased rainbow trout were identified after physiological, biochemical and slide agglutination tests as v. anguillarum o1. koch postulates were fulfilled with the isolated bacteria. the antibiotic susceptible test results showed that v. anguillarum strains were susceptibility to amoxycillin, ampyc ... | 2007 | 19086527 |
| gene transcript changes in individual rainbow trout livers following an inflammatory stimulus. | inflammatory stimuli elicit liver synthesis and subsequent release into the plasma of several proteins (positive acute phase proteins, app) with functions in innate immunity, tissue repair and restoration of homeostasis. to expand the basis for evaluating the degree of conservation of the apr in vertebrates and to assess the extent to which genes encoding both cellular and plasma proteins are affected, we profiled transcriptional changes in livers of individual rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss ... | 2007 | 16762566 |
| multiple whole bacterial antigens in polyvalent vaccine may result in inhibition of specific responses in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the goal of fish vaccination today is to protect fish against multiple bacterial fish pathogens simultaneously using polyvalent vaccines. however, many immunological processes such as antigenic cross-reaction, antigenic competition, affinity maturation and antigen-induced suppression may affect the specificity, avidity and level of antibodies. consequently, the biological function of antibodies may be markedly different from that predicted by conventional serologic tests. here, we investigated t ... | 2007 | 16849036 |
| cell-mediated cytotoxicity in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, infected with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus. | mammalian cytotoxic t cells as part of the adaptive immune system recognize virus-infected target cells by binding of their t-cell receptors (tcr) to classical mhc class i molecules loaded with viral peptides. our previous studies have shown that the allele of the single dominant polymorphic classical mhc class i locus onmy-uba is identical in the rainbow trout clone c25 and in the permanent rainbow trout cell line rtg-2. this enabled us to develop an assay to measure antiviral cytotoxicity in r ... | 2007 | 16784874 |
| generation of viable fish from cryopreserved primordial germ cells. | an increasing number of wild fish species are in danger of extinction, often as a result of human activities. the cryopreservation of gametes and embryos has great potential for maintaining and restoring threatened species. the conservation of both paternal and maternal genetic information is essential. however, although this technique has been successfully applied to the spermatozoa of many fish species, reliable methods are lacking for the long-term preservation of fish eggs and embryos. here, ... | 2007 | 16998845 |
| assessment of mercuric chloride toxicity on rainbow trouts (oncorhynchus mykiss) and chubs (alburnoides bipunctatus). | acute toxicity of mercury-ii chloride (hgcl2), one of most toxic pollutants for aquatic ecosystems, in chub (alburnoides bipunctatus) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was investigated in the present study. actual concentration of hgcl2 was ranged from 0.10 to 8.00 mg l(-1). concentrations of hgcl2 that killed 50% of the chub and rainbow trout within 96 h (96 h lc50) were estimated as 0.205 and 0.814 mg l(-1), respectively. acute toxicity tests were evaluated by the finney's probit analysi ... | 2007 | 19070058 |
| intestinal ph profile in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and microhabitat preference of the flagellate spironucleus salmonis (diplomonadida). | in farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, the flagellate spironucleus salmonis (diplomonadida) is often found in the pyloric region of the intestine. while previous in vitro studies report a ph of 7.5 to 8.0 as optimal for presumed s. salmonis, no previous in vivo studies have investigated the relationship between ph and microhabitat preference. therefore, in 698 rainbow trout (75% were 5 to 6 mo old juveniles, 10 to 20 cm total length), we recorded occurrence and density of s. salmonis, and ... | 2007 | 17803110 |
| effect of high pressure treatment on the quality of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and mahi mahi (coryphaena hippurus). | high pressure processing (hpp) is becoming a promising seafood preservation method. the objective was to investigate the effect of hpp on quality of rainbow trout and mahi mahi during cold storage. skinless fillets treated with different pressures (150, 300, 450, and 600 mpa for 15 min) and stored at 4 degrees c were analyzed at 1, 3, and 6 d storage. red muscle was analyzed for lipid oxidation products by measuring thiobarbituric reactive substances (tbars) and whole muscle was analyzed for tot ... | 2007 | 18034712 |
| organization of the torus longitudinalis in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): an immunohistochemical study of the gabaergic system and a dii tract-tracing study. | the torus longitudinalis (tl) is a tectum-associated structure of actinopterygian fishes. the organization of the tl of rainbow trout was studied with nissl staining, golgi methods, immunocytochemistry with antibodies to gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba), glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad), and the gaba(a) receptor subunits delta and beta2/beta 3, and with tract tracing methods. two types of neuron were characterized: medium-sized gabaergic neurons and small gaba-negative granule cells. gaba(a) rece ... | 2007 | 17492628 |
| heterochrony and the development of the escape response: prehatching movements in the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | teleost fishes produce coordinated escape responses (c-starts) at hatching. this implies that essential swimming morphologies and motor behaviors develop during the incubation interval while the embryo is in the chorion. we examined prehatching motor behaviors in rainbow trout oncorhycus mykiss (considered morphologically mature at hatching) and compared this species with zebrafish danio rerio (considered morphologically immature) and assessed two hypotheses concerning the development of escape ... | 2007 | 17683078 |
| characterization of a radiation-induced stress response communicated in vivo between zebrafish. | radiation-induced communication of stress signals between rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss w) have recently been described by this group and linked to the bystander effect. this paper addresses the question of whether another totally unrelated fish species (danio rerio l) can demonstrate the effect and also looks at attenuation of both the bystander signal, from irradiated fish, and the bystander effect, in naive fish. the data show that zebrafish produce bystander signals, and that, as with r ... | 2007 | 17539553 |
| molecular cloning and identification of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) in teleost fish. | macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) is one of the first cytokines to be identified, which have been emerged to be an important mediator of the innate and adaptive immune system. although mif was well characterized in several mammal species, there was still little report in fish. in present study, we cloned the mif gene from tetraodon nigroviridis, and identified other six mif genes from other teleost fishes, fundulus heteroclitu, oncorhynchus mykiss, ictalurus punctatus, danio rerio, sa ... | 2007 | 17442392 |
| the role of aquaporin 3 in teleost fish. | the aquaporin isoform, aqp3 has now been identified in a number of different teleost fish species, with additional dna sequence information on aqp3 genes in further fish species available in genome databases. in zebrafish (danio rerio), the aqp3 gene is present as two duplicate isoforms resulting from a teleostean fish genome-wide duplication. a further splicoform/isoform has also been identified in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the identification of these aqp3 isoforms in other fish spec ... | 2007 | 17126580 |
| the c3 subtypes are differentially regulated after immunostimulation in rainbow trout, but head kidney macrophages do not contribute to c3 transcription. | the complement system plays key roles in innate and adaptive immunity through mediating phagocytosis, chemotaxis and cell lysis. complement component c3 is a central component in the complement cascade and belongs to the acute-phase proteins whose synthesis increase immediately upon inflammatory stimuli. the liver is the main producer of c3 and it is a well-known fact that the mammalian monocyte-macrophage lineage is a major contributor to extrahepatic c3. immunomodulators, such as lps and beta- ... | 2007 | 17449114 |
| relationships among growth and different nor phenotypes in a specific stock of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | growth is one of the most important aspects in the genetic improvement of cultured fish species. consequently, genetic parameters related to this feature and their response to selection have been the focus of most research in this area. such research indicates that, in general, there is enough additive genetic variance related to growth, justifying the use of selection. based on the usefulness of cytogenetic and molecular markers in the fish culture, the aim of the present work was to analyze th ... | 2007 | 17876448 |
| ventilatory and cardiovascular actions of centrally administered trout tachykinins in the unanesthetized trout. | the brains of teleost fish contain members of the tachykinin family that are the products of orthologous genes expressed in mammalian nervous tissues, but little is known regarding the physiological effects of these peptides in their species of origin. the present study compares the central actions of trout neuropeptide gamma (npgamma), substance p (sp) and neurokinin a (nka) (5-250 pmol) on ventilatory and cardiovascular parameters in the unanesthetized rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. intrac ... | 2007 | 17766308 |
| salmonid microarrays identify intestinal genes that reliably monitor p deficiency in rainbow trout aquaculture. | nutrient-responsive genes can identify important metabolic pathways and evaluate optimal dietary levels. using a 16k salmo salar microarray, we identified in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) 21 potential phosphorus (p)-responsive genes, mainly involved in immune response, proteolysis or transport, whose expression levels changed in the intestine after 5 days of feeding a low-p (lp) diet. diet-induced changes in the expression levels of several genes in each fish were tightly correlated with c ... | 2007 | 17596124 |
| opercular epithelial cells: a simple approach for in vitro studies of cellular responses in fish. | this study evaluated the efficacy of fish opercular external (skin) and inner (opercular membrane) epithelium as an in vitro model for toxic and other substances studies. the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) operculum was cultured in 12-well dishes containing sterile leibovitz 15 (l-15) supplemented with glutamine medium during 24h at 9 degrees c, and the effect of copper, a toxic agent, and/or cortisol, an endogenous agent, on the epithelial cells was analyzed using light microscopy techniqu ... | 2007 | 17169474 |