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physiological dimensions of ototoxic responses in a model fish species.pharmaceutical agents known to be toxic to the human auditory system also impair sensory hair cells of teleosts, and this supports the use of fish models for the screening of such compounds. however, previous investigations have focused almost exclusively on anatomical changes after drug administration without assessing macro-level physiological effects. using the goldfish (carassius auratus), we demonstrate that the acquisition of auditory evoked potentials offers a rapid and non-invasive means ...201020004583
modulation of rhodopsin gene expression and signaling mechanisms evoked by endothelins in goldfish and murine pigment cell lines.endothelins (ets) and sarafotoxins (srtxs) belong to a family of vasoconstrictor peptides, which regulate pigment migration and/or production in vertebrate pigment cells. the teleost carassius auratus erythrophoroma cell line, gem-81, and mus musculus b16 melanocytes express rhodopsin, as well as the et receptors, etb and eta, respectively. both cell lines are photoresponsive, and respond to light with a decreased proliferation rate. for b16, the doubling time of cells kept in 14-h light (14l):1 ...201020802974
anthelmintic activity of steroidal saponins from dioscorea zingiberensis c. h. wright against dactylogyrus intermedius (monogenea) in goldfish (carassius auratus).dactylogyrus intermedius is one of the most pathogenic monogenean parasites on the gills of captive fish and can cause serious problem in aquaculture. to attempt controlling this parasite and explore novel potential antiparasitic agents, the present study was designed to investigate the anthelmintic activity of dioscorea zingiberensis c. h. wright against d. intermedius in goldfish under in vivo conditions. bioactivity-guided fractionation and isolation of the compounds responsible for anthelmin ...201020689967
biological traits of rare males in the population of carassius gibelio (actinopterygii: cyprinidae) from lake pamvotis (north-west greece).the gynogenetic population of prussian carp carassius gibelio in lake pamvotis (north-west greece) included a small percentage of males (2-3%). cytogenetic analysis revealed heterogeneity of the population at the ploidy level: all females were triploid (modal chromosome number 156-162 chromosomes) while the males were either triploid (modal number 156-158 chromosomes) or tetraploid (modal number 200-214 chromosomes). morphometric analysis revealed significant differences in body shape among thes ...201020701641
effect of oral immunization with aeromonas hydrophila ghosts on protection against experimental fish infection.to investigate whether oral immunization with aeromonas hydrophila ghosts (ahg) vaccine can elicit mucosal and systemic immune responses of carp (carassius auratus gibelio) compared to conventional formalin-killed bacteria (fkc).201019843213
herbal supplementation diets on hematology and innate immunity in goldfish against aeromonas hydrophila.goldfish, carassius auratus (47 + or - 3 g, n = 300) were inoculated intramuscularly (50 microl) with aeromonas hydrophila (1.8 x 10(6) cells ml(-1)). on the 6th day of post-infection the fishes were divided into i) control, without infection fed with normal diet (c), ii) infected fish, fed with normal diet (iu), and infected fishes treated with different doses of iii) 100 mg kg(-1), iv) 200 mg kg(-1), iv) 400 mg kg(-1) and vi) 800 mg kg(-1) mixed herbal extracts supplementation diets. hematolog ...201019941960
prevention of ichthyophthirius multifiliis infestation in goldfish (carassius auratus) by potassium ferrate(vi) treatment.ichthyophthirius multifiliis is an important freshwater teleost pathogen that often leads to significant economic losses to the aquaculture industry. the purpose of this study was to assess the acute toxicity of potassium ferrate(vi) to i. multifiliis theront and the concentration needed to prevent i. multifiliis infestation in goldfish, carassius auratus. five hundred theronts were exposed to concentrations of potassium ferrate(vi) in each well of a 96-well microtiter plate and observed for 4h ...201020006444
immune response and expression analysis of cathepsin k in goldfish during aeromonas hydrophila infection.the innate immunity and expression profiles of cathepsins d were determined in the goldfish (carassius auratus) tissues after challenge with a fish pathogen aeromonas hydrophila. the innate immunity of reactive oxygen species (ros) and reactive nitrogen species (rns) were determined by peripheral blood leucocytes. blood and tissue samples of the muscle, gills, liver, kidney, heart, spleen, and intestine were sampled at 1, 3, 6 and 12 h post-infection for cathepsin d expression by semi-quantitati ...201020025977
phytotherapy of ulcerative dermatitis induced by aeromonas hydrophila infection in goldfish ( carassius auratus ).goldfish ( carassius auratus ) weighing 13 +/- 2 g were administered intramuscularly a sublethal dose (1.8 x 10 3 cfu/ml) of aeromonas hydrophila to induce ulcerative dermatitis. on day 3 and day 6 after infection the fish were dip-treated (for 5 min/day) with a tri-herbal concoction of curcuma longa, ocimum sanctum and azadirachta indica (1%). the ld 50 value was recorded at a concentration of 2.3 x 10 4 between 30 and 36 days after infection. in the infected untreated group the cumulative mort ...201020159736
evidence for a distributed respiratory rhythm generating network in the goldfish (carsssius auratus).central pattern generators located in the brainstem regulate ventilatory behaviors in vertebrates. the development of the isolated brainstem preparation has allowed these neural networks to be characterized in a number of aquatic species. the aim of this study was to explore the architecture of the respiratory rhythm-generating site in the goldfish (carassius auratus) and to determine the utility of a newly developed isolated brainstem preparation, the sheep dip. here we provide evidence for a d ...201020217310
embryonic and developmental toxicity of the ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide on goldfish.the embryonic developmental toxicity of the ionic liquid (il) 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide ([c(8)mim]br) on the goldfish carassius auratus was evaluated in this study. first, the 72 h 50% lethal concentrations (72 h-lc(50)) for [c(8)mim]br in goldfish embryos at the stages of cleavage, early gastrula, closure of blastopore, and heart beating were determined by preliminary acute toxicity tests. after that, fish embryos in different developmental stages (cleavage, early gastrula, closure of ...201019415752
aeromonas hydrophila pepo outer membrane endopeptidase activates human big endothelin-3 in vitro and induces skin ulcer in goldfish (carassius auratus).in aeromonas hydrophila, the gram-negative bacterial fish pathogen, pepo constitutes the thermoregulated outer membrane m13 family zinc endopeptidase, which is expressed maximally at 16 degrees c and is down-regulated above 30 degrees c. cultivation of a. hydrophila at 16 degrees c enabled it to activate big endothelin (et), the vasoconstrictor and ulcerogenic peptide naturally secreted from human vascular endothelial cell (huvec) culture. furthermore, a. hydrophila pepo in vitro shows strong en ...201020456877
in-vivo evaluation of dopamine receptor-mediated inhibition of gonadotrophin secretion from the pituitary gland of the goldfish, carassius auratus.dopamine acts directly on the pituitary to modulate gonadotrophin (gth) secretion in goldfish (carassius auratus). in the light of this important role for dopamine in the regulation of goldfish reproduction, this investigation was designed to evaluate the receptor specificity of this dopamine inhibition and to describe the use of domperidone, a specific dopamine d2-receptor antagonist, in the manipulation of pituitary function in goldfish. to investigate the specificity of dopamine inhibition of ...20102889788
fish virus-induced interferon exerts antiviral function through stat1 pathway.virus-induced interferons (ifns) have been identified in various fish species and display antiviral activities similar to mammalian type i ifns. however, apart from the mammalian ifn system, the ifn signaling pathway remains largely unknown. using transient transfection and recombinant protein, we are reporting in this study that a crucian carp (carassius auratus l.) ifn exhibits strong antiviral activity against grass carp hemorrhagic virus (gchv) infection and also mediates poly i:c-induced an ...201020627394
integrated biomarker response index for the assessment of environmental stress of the yangtze river (nanjing section).in the present study, multibiomarker effects of the river water of three representative sections in nanjing section of the yangtze river were investigated in goldfish (carassius auratus). the organic toxicants were extracted from the water samples using solid phase extraction. acetylcholinesterase (ache), glutathione-s-transferase (gst), 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod), glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and na+/k+-atpase activities were determined after exposure of the extracted components. the ...201020473565
optimization of somatic cell injection in the perspective of nuclear transfer in goldfish.nuclear transfer has the potential to become one strategy for fish genetic resources management, by allowing fish reconstruction from cryopreserved somatic cells. survival rates after nuclear transfer are still low however. the part played by unsuitable handling conditions is often questioned, but the different steps in the procedure are difficult to address separately. in this work led on goldfish (carassius auratus), the step of somatic cells injection was explored. non-enucleated metaphase ii ...201020529309
[genetic structure of silver crussian carp carassius (superspecies auratus) (linnaeus, 1758) colonies from the middle dnieper basin].population genetic structure of silver prussian carp from the middle dnieper basin was established by means of biochemical gene marking and cytometric analysis. in addition to diploid goldfish carassius auratus, which was the basic species of bisexual colonies, a number of biotypes of triploid silver prussian carp c. gibelio were identified. these biotypes either formed isolated unisexual populations, or were an admixture to the bisexual colonies. in addition, in bisexual colonies, triploid fema ...201020734774
two functional growth hormone secretagogue receptor (ghrelin receptor) type 1a and 2a in goldfish, carassius auratus.here we report the identification and characterization of ghrelin (grln) receptors in goldfish carassius auratus. we identified four distinct mrnas generated from four different genes. those were roughly divided into two types, based on the number of amino acids and amino acid sequence similarity; one composed of 360-amino acids, which is similar to zebrafish ghs-r1a (showing 94-96% identity) and the other encodes a 366- or 367-amino acid protein, which demonstrated 95% identity to zebrafish ghs ...201020558240
utilization of tissue habitats by myxobolus wulii landsberg & lom, 1991 in different carp hosts and disease resistance in allogynogenetic gibel carp: redescription of m. wulii from china and japan.myxobolus wulii (=myxosoma magna) was first described from the gills of goldfish, carassius auratus auratus, in china. subsequently, a myxosporean infecting the hepatopancreas of allogynogenetic gibel carp, c. auratus gibelio, was designated as a different species, myxobolus guanqiaoensis, although the morphological features were almost identical to those of m. wulii. in japan, an unidentified myxobolus sp. was found in the gills and hepatopancreas of goldfish. morphological and molecular analys ...201019912459
cytosolic distribution of cd, cu and zn, and metallothionein levels in relation to physiological changes in gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) from metal-impacted habitats.in the present study the impact of environmental metal contamination in gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) was investigated coupling disturbances in subcellular metal distribution to effect biomarkers. gibel carp were caught at six different sampling sites in flanders (belgium), characterized by different degrees in environmental metal contamination. tissue cd, cu and zn concentrations and total metallothioneon (mt) levels were determined in gills, liver and kidney. cytosolic metal distribut ...201019900706
oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of black carp (mylopharyngdon piceus richardson) and allogynogenetic crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio female x cyprinus carpio male) fed different carbohydrate diets.oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of black carp (mylopharyngdon piceus richardson) (4.6±0.3 g) and allogynogenetic crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio ♀×cyprinus carpio ♂) (5.7±0.5 g) were examined when fish fed two types of carbohydrate (dextrin and glucose) at two levels (20 and 40%) each. the diets were isonitrogenous (40% dry matter) and isocaloric at 18.5 kj g(−1) (dry matter) by adjusting the oil content to 10.1 and 1.5%, respectively. in black carp, the interactions between the ...201020390347
effects of monocrotophos on the reproductive axis in the female goldfish (carassius auratus).monocrotophos (mcp) is a highly toxic organophosphorus pesticide. to elucidate the influence of mcp on female fish reproduction, plasma 17beta-estradiol, testosterone and gonadotropin levels and aromatase and gonadotropin beta subunit gene expression levels were examined in female goldfish (carassius auratus) following a 21-day exposure to 0.01, 0.10 and 1.00 mg l-(1) 40% mcp-based pesticide in a semi-static exposure system. the results indicated that mcp induced increases in plasma 17beta-estra ...201020298809
inhibition of goldfish mitochondrial metabolism by in vitro exposure to cd, cu and ni.although impairment of aerobic capacities has been reported in metal-contaminated wild fish, little is known about the direct toxicity of the metals themselves at the low concentrations found in the field compared to indirect consequences mediated by metal effects on ecological variables such as prey type and abundance, predation and competition. this study examined the in vitro effects of cd, cu and ni on mitochondrial enzyme activity and maximal (state 3) mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate ...201020207426
the zalpha domain of pkz from carassius auratus can bind to d(gc)(n) in negative supercoils.pkz was the most recently discovered member of eif2alpha kinase family in fish. capkz, the first identified fish pkz, possessed a conserved eif2alpha kinase catalytic domain in c-terminal and two z-dna binding domains (zalpha) in n-terminal. the zalpha of capkz closely resembled that of other z-dna binding proteins: adar1, dlm-1, and e3l. in order to understand more about the function of capkz, we expressed and purified three constructed peptides of capkz (p(zalpha)): p(zalpha1zalpha2), p(zalpha ...201020139004
biogeography and evolution of the carassius auratus-complex in east asia.carassius auratus is a primary freshwater fish with bisexual diploid and unisexual gynogenetic triploid lineages. it is distributed widely in eurasia and is especially common in east asia. although several genetic studies have been conducted on c. auratus, they have not provided clear phylogenetic and evolutionary descriptions of this fish, probably due to selection bias in sampling sites and the dna regions analysed. as the first step in clarifying the evolutionary entity of the world's carassi ...201020064277
the first record of argulus foliacesus (crustacea: branchiura) infestation on lionhead goldfish (carassius auratus) in iran.argulus foliaceus (crustacea: branchiura), or the fish louse, is an ectoparasite of the skin or gill of the fresh water fish species. clinical signs in infected fish include scratching on aquarium walls, erratic swimming, and poor growth. it causes pathological changes due to direct tissue damage and secondary infections. in the present study, lionhead goldfish (carassius auratus), taken from a goldfish aquarium with symptoms such as abnormal swimming, poor growth and death, were examined for ec ...201022347247
myxobolus turpisrotundus (myxosporea: bivalvulida) spores with caudal appendages: investigating the validity of the genus henneguya with morphological and molecular evidence.spores of the myxozoan parasite myxobolus turpisrotundus zhang 2009 were observed for the first time bearing caudal appendages. most spores had the typical myxobolus spp. morphology, but approximately 10% of spores possessed a spore body that was slightly elongated with a short tail projecting from the spore valve. in other spores, the tail was much more clearly visible and elongate. the spore body of these unusual spores is consistent in morphology and dimension to the normal spores of m. turpi ...201020512504
characterization of non-cytosolic hexokinase activity in white skeletal muscle from goldfish (carassius auratus l.) and the effect of cold acclimation.hk (hexokinase) is an enzyme involved in the first step in the glucose metabolism pathway, converting glucose into g6p (glucose 6-phosphate). owing to the importance of skeletal muscle for fish swimming and acclimation processes, we used goldfish (carassius auratus l.) white muscle in order to investigate subcellular distribution and kinetics of hk. in this study, we report that hk activity is predominantly localized in the mitochondrial fraction [nc-hk (non-cytosolic hk)] in goldfish white musc ...201020055755
methyltestosterone-induced changes in electro-olfactogram responses and courtship behaviors of cyprinids.in the tinfoil barb (barbonymus schwanenfeldii; family cyprinidae), we previously found that increased olfactory sensitivity to a female prostaglandin pheromone could induce sexual behavior display in juvenile fish treated with androgens. here, we determined if this phenomenon is widespread among cyprinid fishes by adding 17alpha-methyltestosterone (mt) to aquaria containing juveniles of 4 cyprinid species (tinfoil barbs; redtail sharkminnows, epalzeorhynchos bicolor; goldfish, carassius auratus ...201019965901
comparison of macrophage antimicrobial responses induced by type ii interferons of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.).unlike mammals, bony fish have two type ii interferons, ifngamma and ifngammarel, whose pro-inflammatory functions have not been fully characterized. to elucidate the distinct roles of these type ii interferons of bony fish, we examined the effects of recombinant goldfish (rg) ifngamma and ifngammarel on the macrophage antimicrobial responses, immune gene expression, and their signaling pathways. our findings indicate that rgifngamma and rgifngammarel possess unique capacities to mediate each of ...201020507977
a set of polymorphic trinucleotide and tetranucleotide microsatellite markers for silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) and cross-amplification in crucian carp.silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio bloch), as a gynogenetic fish, is a promising model for the study of the evolutionary genetics of vertebrates. we have developed 59 polymorphic trinucleotide and tetranucleotide markers for the silver crucian carp through the biotin capture method and radioactive-labeling hybridization. the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 12 in the population, and the average proportion of heterozygotes (including tri- and diallelic) at polymorphic loci was 76.8% ...201020503069
[species composition and biodiversity of fish community in dalian lake, shanghai].a field fish survey of dalian lake, shanghai was undertaken in apr. 11-19, apr. 27-may 8 and may 20-29, in total 24,061 fish individuals were collected, representing 22 species from 17 genera and 11 families. the dominant specie is carassius auratus, accounting for 76.38% of the total. the eigenvalues of species diversity were showing below : shannon-wiener's index (h') being 1.0027, simpson's index (lambda) being 0.5959, pielous's index (j') being 0.3244, margalef's index (d) being 2.0816 and r ...201021174357
hormonal and ion regulatory response in three freshwater fish species following waterborne copper exposure.we evaluated effects of sublethal copper exposure in 3 different freshwater fish: rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (cyprinus carpio) and gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio). in a first experiment we exposed these fishes to an equally toxic cu dose, a cu level 10 times lower than their 96 h lc50 value: 20, 65, and 150 microg/l cu. in a second series we exposed them to the same cu concentration (50 microg/l). na+/k+-atpase activity in gill tissue was disturbed differently in rai ...201020488257
[genetic homeostasis and developmental stability in natural populations of two-gender (carassius auratus) and one-gender (c. gibelio) goldfishes].comparative analysis of one amphymictic diploid carassius auratus, three apomictic triploid c. gibelio and hybrid triploid carassius auratus-gibelio forms of gold fish was performed at the complex of characteristics of developmental stability: morphological variation, fluctuating asymmetry and phenodeviations. it was found that c. gibelio forms are characterized by lower levels both of morphological variation and fluctuating asymmetry and more rare cases of morphological abnormalities. a hybrid ...201020458966
studies on the developmental potentiality of cultured cell nuclei of fish.by means of the serial nuclear transplantation technique, the authors obtained a nuclear transplant fish from subcultured cell originated from the blastula cells of the crucian carp (carassius auratus linnaeus). this nuclear transplant fish survived for three years, but its sexual glands were undifferentiated. the authors have also obtained a sexually mature adult fish from short-term cultured kidney cell nucleus of an adult crucian carp. results of the experiment implied that the subcultured ce ...201020440385
induction of virus-specific cell-mediated cytotoxic responses of isogeneic ginbuna crucian carp, after oral immunization with inactivated virus.clonal ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) were immunized orally with inactivated crucian carp hematopoietic necrosis virus (chnv) and the cytotoxic activities of peripheral blood leukocytes against chnv-infected syngeneic target cells were investigated. although a single oral administration of the vaccine did not prime measurable cytotoxic responses to chnv-infected targets, detectable lytic activities were observed after a booster oral administration. the vaccine-induced cytot ...201020438852
reactions of goldfish (carassius auratus) to three suture patterns following full thickness skin incisions.three different suture patterns (simple interrupted, interrupted horizontal mattress, subcuticular) were placed in a full thickness incision (skin and body wall) of 18 goldfish (carassius auratus). after 14 days all fish were euthanized using benzocaine solution. the tissue reactions were evaluated by gross visual inspection and histopathological examination. the superficial inflammatory reactions were graded on a scale from 0 (no inflammation) to 3 (severe inflammation). the inflammatory respon ...201020434740
frequency tuning and intensity coding of sound in the auditory periphery of the lake sturgeon, acipenser fulvescens.acipenser fulvescens, the lake sturgeon, belongs to one of the few extant non-teleost ray-finned (bony) fishes. the sturgeons (family acipenseridae) have a phylogenetic history that dates back about 250 million years. the study reported here is the first investigation of peripheral coding strategies for spectral analysis in the auditory system in a non-teleost bony fish. we used a shaker system to simulate the particle motion component of sound during electrophysiological recordings of isolated ...201020400642
active biomonitoring of complex pollution in taihu lake with carassius auratus.carassius auratus bred in clean water were selected to conduct active biomonitoring (abm) exposures in meiliang and gong bays in the northern polluted area of taihu lake. the biotransformation enzymes 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) and glutathione s-transferase (gst), antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (gp(x)), reduced glutathione (gsh) content and superoxide dismutase (sod) and lipoperoxidation (as tbars) in liver were determined as biomarkers during the field exposure period. at ...201020189215
effects of monocrotophos on the reproductive axis in the male goldfish (carassius auratus): potential mechanisms underlying vitellogenin induction.monocrotophos (mcp) is a highly toxic organophosphorus pesticide that has been banned in many countries. both vitellogenin mrna expression and secretion were significantly induced in male goldfish by exposure to an mcp-based pesticide, suggesting that mcp has significant estrogenic properties. to elucidate the mechanisms of action of mcp on vitellogenin induction, we used radioimmunoassay to examine the effect of mcp treatment on plasma 17beta-estradiol and testosterone levels in male goldfish ( ...201020149464
comparative analysis of mitochondrial control region in polyploid hybrids of red crucian carp (carassius auratus) x blunt snout bream (megalobrama amblycephala).the entire sequences of the mitochondrial (mt)dna control region (cr) and portions of its flanking genes in the red crucian carp (rc) and blunt snout bream (bsb) as well as their polyploid hybrids (3nrb, 4nrb and 5nrb) were determined and subjected to a comparative analysis. the mtdna-crs of these five fish species ranged from 923 to 937 bp in length, they had the same flanking gene arrangement as other vertebrates and the pattern of nucleotide substitution bias was also similar to that in other ...201018815893
amp-deaminase from goldfish white muscle: regulatory properties and redistribution under exposure to high environmental oxygen level.amp-deaminase was partially purified from white skeletal muscle of goldfish, carassius auratus. the enzyme was highly stable, showing virtually no change in activity at 1 month following the purification process when stored in 1 m kcl at 2-4 degrees c. the specific activity of the purified enzyme was 130-150 u/mg protein, with a ph optimum of about ph 6.5. amp-aminohydrolase (ampd) showed non-michaelis-menten kinetics, with a s(0.5) (half saturation by the substrate) for amp of 0.73 +/- 0.03 mm, ...200918931932
effect of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides on growth performances and digestive enzyme activities of allogynogenetic crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio).the effect of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides (xos) on the growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of the allogynogenetic crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio, was investigated. xos was added to fish basal semi-purified diets at three concentrations by dry feed weight: diet 1, 50 mg kg(-1); diet 2, 100 mg kg(-1); diet 3, 200 mg kg(-1), respectively. twelve aquaria (n = 20) with three replicates for each treatment group (diets 1-3) and control treated without xos were used. weights o ...200918704733
diurnal expressions of four subtypes of melatonin receptor genes in the optic tectum and retina of goldfish.four subtypes of melatonin receptor genes (mel(1a) 1.4, mel(1a) 1.7, mel(1b), and mel(1c)) are considered to be expressed to mediate various physiological functions of melatonin in goldfish (carassius auratus). to examine their tissue distribution and diurnal changes in expression levels, we cloned partial gene fragments for these melatonin receptor subtypes, and established specific rt-pcr and quantitative real-time pcr systems. mel(1a) 1.4 and mel(1b) were predominantly expressed in various ne ...200918930834
molecular cloning of cyp1a gene and its expression by benzo(a)pyrene from goldfish (carassius auratus).we cloned and sequenced the cytochrome p450 1a (cyp1a) gene from goldfish (carassius auratus). it has a 1581 bp open reading frame that encodes a 526 amino acid protein with a theoretical molecular weight of 59.02 kda. the cyp1a amino acid sequence clusters in a monophyletic group with other fish cyp1as, and more closely related to zebrafish cyp1a (91% identity) than to other fish cyp1as. exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (bap) by intraperitoneal injection increased biliary bap metabolites and liver cy ...200918655176
responses of the goldfish head lateral line to moving objects.we investigated how fibers in the anterior lateral line nerve of goldfish, carassius auratus, respond to water motions generated by an object that was moved alongside the fish. motion direction was from anterior to posterior or opposite, object diameter was between 0.1 and 4 cm and the distance between object and fish varied between 1 and 6 cm. fibers exhibited monophasic responses characterized by a transient increase in discharge rate, biphasic responses consisting of an increase followed by a ...200919034462
the dose-response relationships for erod and gst induced by polyaromatic hydrocarbons in carassius auratus.freshwater fish carassius auratus were chosen as experimental animals, the hepatic biochemical responses to medium-term exposure of five pahs were measured as ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod) activity (phase i) and glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity (phase ii) to assess sub-lethal effects. the fold increases of erod and gst activity were calculated and both increased in the order fluoranthene < fluorene < benzo(b)fluoranthene < benzo(g,h,i)perylene < indeno(1,2,3-cd)-pyrene. the clear d ...200919034369
molecular characterization and expression pattern of afpiv during embryogenesis in gibel carp(carassiu auratus gibelio).as a new type of afps, afpiv has been firstly identified in longhorn sculpin (myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus), and in recent years, its cdna and amino acid sequence have been reported, and its pancreatic synthesis has been firstly reported in polar fish. however, its expression patterns during fish embryogenesis have not been elucidated yet. by differential screening, we cloned the cagafpiv in gibel carp, carassius auratus gibelio, demonstrated its predominant expression during embryogenesis. r ...200919011991
goldfish cb1 mrna expression is affected by fasting and anandamide administration.the endocannabinoid system has a well-documented pivotal role in the control of mammalian feeding response; nevertheless, some evidence is available regarding a similar role in nonmammalian vertebrates and invertebrates. as in the bonyfish carassius auratus, cb1 cannabinoid receptors are abundant in brain regions involved in the control of food intake, and fasting affects endocannabinoid levels, in this study the effects of food deprivation and anandamide administration on cb1 expression were ev ...200919293731
predominant expression and cellular distribution of fish agr2 in renal collecting system.anterior gradient 2 (agr2) genes encode secretory proteins, and play significant roles in anterior-posterior patterning and tumor metastasis. agr2 transcripts were shown to display quite diverse tissue distribution in different species, and little was known about the cellular localization of agr2 proteins. in this study, we identified an agr2 homologue from gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio), and revealed the expression patterns and cellular localization during embryogenesis and in adult tis ...200919266620
crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic studies of the z-dna-binding domain of a pkr-like kinase (pkz) in complex with z-dna.pkz, a pkr-like eif2alpha kinase, consists of a z-dna-specific binding domain (zalpha) and an eif2alpha kinase domain. the kinase activity of pkz is modulated by the binding of zalpha to z-dna. the mechanisms underlying z-dna binding and the subsequent stimulation of pkz raise intriguing questions. interestingly, the z-dna-binding domain of pkz from goldfish (carassius auratus; cazalpha(pkz)) shows limited sequence homology to other canonical zalpha domains, suggesting that it may have a distinc ...200919255480
time-dependent oxidative stress responses of crucian carp (carassius auratus) to intraperitoneal injection of extracted microcystins.this study was conducted to investigate time-dependent changes in oxidative enzymes in liver of crucian carp after intraperitoneally injection with extracted microcystins 600 and 150 microg kg(-1) body weight. the results showed that activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase generally exhibited a rapid increase in early phase (1-3 h post injection), but gradually decreased afterwards (12-48 h) compared with the c ...200919252760
identification and characterization of hypoxia-induced genes in carassius auratus blastulae embryonic cells using suppression subtractive hybridization.organisms living in water are inevitably exposed to periods of hypoxia. environmental hypoxia has been an important stressor having manifold effects on aquatic life. many fish species have evolved behavioral, physiological, biochemical and molecular adaptations that enable them to cope with hypoxia. however, the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia tolerance in fish, remain unknown. in this study, we used suppression subtractive hybridization to examine the differential gene expression in cab cells ( ...200919068236
malathion-induced alteration of the antioxidant defence system in kidney, gill, and intestine of carassius auratus gibelio.pesticides such as malathion, commonly used in agriculture and households, are toxic substances that lead to reactive oxygen species generation, which harms organisms. ecotoxicological consequences of malathion, particularly its effects on antioxidants in fish, are not well understood. thus, we investigated the effects of malathion (0.05 mg/l) on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant systems in carassius auratus gibelio kidney, intestine, and gills following exposure times of 1, 2, 3, and 6 days. t ...200919051277
different culture conditions used for arresting the g0/g1 phase of the cell cycle in goldfish (carassius auratus) caudal fin-derived fibroblasts.one of the most important factors determining the success of the development of cloned embryos is the cell cycle stage of the donor cells. we investigated the effects of serum starvation, culturing to confluence and roscovitine treatment on the cell cycle synchronization of goldfish caudal fin-derived fibroblasts by flow cytometric analysis. the results show that culturing the cells to confluence (85.5%) and roscovitine treatment (82.71%) yield a significantly higher percentage of cells arrested ...200918977451
pulp and paper mill effluents contain neuroactive substances that potentially disrupt neuroendocrine control of fish reproduction.here we show for the first time that components of pulp and paper mill effluents contain neuroactive substances that may impair fish reproduction. grab samples of primary and secondary effluent were obtained from a representative pulp and paper mill in eastern canada. effluents were fractionated using classic polarity and polyphenolic extraction methods into solvents of selected polarities (water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane). by means of in vitro, competitive assays on goldfish (carassiu ...200919350947
circadian clock genes of goldfish, carassius auratus: cdna cloning and rhythmic expression of period and cryptochrome transcripts in retina, liver, and gut.clock genes are known to be the molecular core of biological clocks of vertebrates. they are expressed not only in those tissues considered central pacemakers, but also in peripheral tissues. in the present study, partial cdnas for 6 of the principal clock genes (period 1-3 and cryptochrome 1-3) were cloned from a teleost fish, the goldfish (carassius auratus ). these genes showed high homology (approximately 90%) with the respective cdnas of zebrafish (danio rerio), the only other teleost from ...200919346448
the effects of thermally induced gill remodeling on ionocyte distribution and branchial chloride fluxes in goldfish (carassius auratus).experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of temperature-induced changes in functional gill lamellar surface area on the distribution of ionocytes and branchial chloride fluxes in goldfish (carassius auratus). in fish acclimated to warm water (25 degrees c), the ionocytes were scattered along the lamellae and within the interlamellar regions of the filament. in cold water (7 degrees c), the ionocytes were largely absent from the lamellae and filaments but instead were mostly confined to ...200919252001
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls in crucian carp (carassius auratus) from rivers in korea during 2000-2004.concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdfs) were analyzed in freshwater fish (crucian carp) taken from 16 locations in nine rivers and a wetland in korea, during 2000-2004. dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-pcbs) were also analyzed in the same samples but over shorter period (2002-2004). concentrations on a wet weight basis for 3 years (2002-2004) ranged from below the detection limit (dl) to 0.36 pg teq g(-1) wet wt. for pcdds, b ...200919246071
molecular cloning and tissue distribution of lipoprotein lipase full-length cdna from pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus var. pengze).a full-length cdna coding lipoprotein lipase (lpl) was cloned from liver of adult pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus var. pengze) by rt-pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) approaches. the cdna obtained was 1877 bp long with a 1524 bp open reading frame (orf) encoding 507 amino acids, including a putative signal peptide of 23 amino acids long. the deduced amino acid sequence has a high similarity and shows similar structural features to lpl of other species. the lpl protein has a ...200919236937
thyroid hormones as a potential early biomarker of exposure to 4-nonylphenol in adult male shubunkins (carassius auratus).nonylphenol, an estrogenic-like compound, can induce vitellogenin synthesis in males and immature teleostean species, but little is known about its effects on thyroid hormones balance. the present study evaluated the potential effects of a single acute exposure to nonylphenol (i.p. injected) on the thyroid and reproductive axis of 250 shubunkins (carassius auratus). plasma levels of thyroid hormones were quantified immunoenzymatically by elisa assay. nonylphenol induced a significant decrease of ...200919232673
l-histidine reduces inhibitory avoidance in carassius auratus submitted to cerebellar ablation.the effect of post-training treatment with l-histidine (lh) on the memory consolidation of inhibitory avoidance was investigated in carassius auratus submitted to cerebellar ablation. the inhibitory avoidance procedure included 3 days: one habituation day, one training day (5 trials, t1-t5) and one test day. on the training day, each fish was placed individually in a white compartment separated from a black compartment by a sliding door. when the fish crossed into the black compartment, a weight ...200919219307
environmental estrogenic effects and gonadal development in wild goldfish (carassius auratus).serum vitellogenin (vtg) contents of wild goldfish (carassius auratus) were investigated as a sensitive biomarker for artificial estrogenic compounds in aquatic environments. goldfish was sampled from a pristine area, a river situated 5 km downstream from a sewage treatment works (stw), and also from the young-san river in korea. the female yolk precursor protein vtg was not detected when gonadosomatic index (gsi) was less than 0.85%, while vtg levels of >10 microg/ml were found in males whose g ...200918379891
intraperitoneal injection of extracted microcystins results in hypovolemia and hypotension in crucian carp (carassius auratus).circulatory responses of crucian carp injected intraperitoneally with extracted microcystins (mcs) were studied at sublethal and lethal doses (150 and 600 microg mc kg(-1) body mass, respectively). mean arterial blood pressure (map), heart rate, hematocrit (hct), red blood cell (rbc) counts, and circulating blood volume (bv) were assayed at 0, 1, 3, 12, 24, and 48 h post-toxin administration. map decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner over time. within the 48-h test period, the letha ...200919673078
morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis of two saprolegnia sp. (oomycetes) isolated from silver crucian carp and zebra fish.two saprolegnia isolates, jy isolated from silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio bloch) and bmy isolated from zebra fish (brachydanio rerio hamilton) came from infections occurring concurrently in different locations in china. to confirm whether the two isolates were from the same saprolegnia clone, comparative studies have been carried out based on their morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics. observations showed that morphologically (both asexual and sexual organs) ...200919640399
does speaker presentation affect auditory evoked potential thresholds in goldfish?the auditory evoked potential (aep) recording technique has proved to be a very versatile and successful approach in studying auditory sensitivities in fishes. the aep protocol introduced by kenyon, ladich and yan in 1998 using an air speaker with the fish positioned at the water surface gave auditory thresholds in goldfish very close to behavioural values published before. this approach was subsequently modified by several laboratories, raising the question whether speaker choice (air vs. under ...200919602445
molecular characterization of novel interferon gamma receptor 1 isoforms in zebrafish (danio rerio) and goldfish (carassius auratus l.).interferon gamma (ifngamma) is a highly pleotropic pro-inflammatory and anti-viral cytokine that mediates its effects by binding to a receptor complex composed of interferon gamma receptors 1 and 2 (ifngr1 and ifngr2). using gene synteny analysis, we identified a distinct isoform of the zebrafish ifngr1. the two zebrafish ifngr1 called here ifngr1-1 and ifngr1-2 were used to identify the respective cdna sequences of the goldfish ifngr1-1 and ifngr1-2. analysis of protein sequences revealed that ...200919577303
the behavioural, digestive and metabolic characteristics of fishes with different foraging strategies.to test the hypothesis that digestion has a more notable physiological effect on ambush foragers than on active foragers, we investigated the behavioural, digestive and metabolic characteristics, as well as the postprandial locomotory capacity, of four species of juvenile fish distributed along the yangtze river, china, with distinct foraging strategies. the ambush foraging southern catfish (silurus meridionlis) had the fewest movements per minute (mpm), lowest per cent time spent moving (ptm), ...200919561220
characterization of a novel tc1-like transposon from bream (cyprinidae, megalobrama) and its genetic variation in the polyploidy progeny of bream-red crucian carp crosses.crossing the cyprinids diploid blunt snout bream megalobrama amblycephala (bsb) and carassius auratus red var. (rcc) generated sterile triploid (3nrb) and fertile tetraploid (4nrb) hybrid offspring. utilizing inverted terminal repeats (itrs) of transposon tdr1 from danio rerio as pcr primer, the results showed that evident change in the number of tc1-like transposons in 4nrb relative to bsb occurred, whereas such change did not arise in 3nrb compared to bsb. no tc1-like transposon was found in r ...200919826746
calcium oscillations in the olfactory nonsensory cells of the goldfish, carassius auratus.the olfactory nonsensory cells contribute to the maintenance of normal functions of the olfactory epithelium (oe). specifically, the ciliated nonsensory cells of teleosts play important roles in the odorant detection by oe in aqueous environment. their cilia show strong beating activities and cause water flow at the oe surface, making the detection of odorants by oe more efficient. because intracellular ca2+ level has been reported to play an important role in ciliary beating, the ciliary beatin ...200919800938
trichlorfon-induced apoptosis in hepatocyte primary cultures of carassius auratus gibelio.trichlorfon, an organophosphorus pesticide, can disrupt metabolism, reproduction and immune functions of some aquatic animals. in the present study, the effect of trichlorfon on apoptosis and the underlying apoptotic mechanism were investigated in primary cultures of carassius auratus gibelio hepatocytes. analyses of cultures exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg l(-1) trichlorfon concentrations for 24h indicated that trichlorfon induced apoptosis and caused nuclear shrinkage, cell membrane ruptur ...200919775726
molecular cloning and differential expression patterns of the regulatory subunit b' gene of pp2a in goldfish, carassius auratus.it is well established that the protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2a (pp2a) plays very important roles in many different cellular processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation, gene expression, neurotransmission, apoptosis, and aging. pp2a consists of three heterogenic subunits: the scaffold subunit a, the catalytic subunit c, and the regulatory subunit b. while both the scaffold and the catalytic subunits contain only two forms, at least four families of the regulatory subunits ...200919727590
nitric oxide-cgmp signaling regulates axonal elongation during optic nerve regeneration in the goldfish in vitro and in vivo.nitric oxide (no) signaling results in both neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects in cns and pns neurons, respectively, after nerve lesioning. we investigated the role of no signaling on optic nerve regeneration in the goldfish (carassius auratus). nadph diaphorase staining revealed that nitric oxide synthase (nos) activity was up-regulated primarily in the retinal ganglion cells (rgcs) 5-40 days after axotomy. levels of neuronal nos (nnos) mrna and protein also increased in the rgcs alone duri ...200919457064
question of reference frames: visual direction-selective neurons in the accessory optic system of goldfish.we investigated if visual direction-selective neurons in the pretectal area (apt) of goldfish (carassius auratus auratus) preferred visual stimuli resulting from rotations around axes corresponding to the best responsive axes of the semicircular canals [optic flow that is consistent to a maximal activation of the horizontal canal pair (yaw), to a maximal activation of the right anterior/left posterior semicircular canal pair (ralp), and to a maximal activation of the left anterior/right posterio ...200919710380
interplay of the endocannabinoid system with neuropeptide y and corticotropin-releasing factor in the goldfish forebrain.based on pharmacological, behavioral, and neuroanatomical studies, the endocannabinoid system appears to be pivotal in some neuroendocrine mechanisms, such as modulation of vertebrate reproduction, stress, and food intake. the present study aimed to investigate the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the control of the feeding response in the goldfish. by means of immunohistochemistry techniques, using anti-cb1 cannabinoid receptor, anti-corticotropin-releasing factor (crf), and anti-ne ...200919456363
oxidative stress and apoptosis of carassius auratus lymphocytes induced by nonplanar (pcb153) and coplanar (pcb169) polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in vitro.among all the 209 kinds of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) congeners, nonplanar and coplanar pcb congeners have different levels of toxicity on mammal cells such as neuronal cells, but little is known about their toxicity on fish cells although pcb congeners usually have high bioaccumulation abilities in the detected fish bodies. this study showed that 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexacholorbiphenyl (pcb153, nonplanar congener) and 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexacholorbiphenyl (pcb 169, coplanar congener) caused apoptos ...200919999978
freshwater fishes of gunung jerai, kedah darul aman: a preliminary study.a total of 37 fish species from 14 families were observed during surveys conducted from january to march 2005 at 8 selected streams near the gunung jerai forest reserve. the list includes two species (rasbora trilineata and systomus partipentazona) that were visually identified at the lower part of the sungai teroi stream. single specimens of leiocassis micropogon, clarias macrocephalus and hampala macrolepidota were also obtained at certain sampling stations. devario regina and systomus binotat ...200924575179
molecular characterization and functional commonality of nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin in two cyprinid fish.nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin has been studied mostly in mammals and amphibians. to clarify the characteristics and function of nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin in teleost fish, we cloned a full-length cdna sequence from two cyprinid fish, carassius auratus gibelio and carassius auratus. molecular characterization and multiple sequence alignments suggested that they are the homologs of nucleophosmin. rt-pcr and western blot detected a specific expression in gonads, and immunofluorescence localization r ...200919634010
serotonergic synapses modulate generation of spikes from retinal ganglion cells of teleosts.serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht)] is a common neurotransmitter/neuromodulator found widely in the nervous system. cellular morphology and retinal distribution of serotonergic amacrine cells in the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) retina are identified using monoclonal anti-5ht antibody. these cells receive ribbon synapses from off-center (hyperpolarizing) bipolar cells as well as conventional synapses with other non-serotonergic amacrine cells. output synapses from the serotonergic cel ...200919938208
effect of acute copper sulfate exposure on olfactory responses to amino acids and pheromones in goldfish (carassius auratus).exposure of olfactory epithelium to environmentally relevant concentrations of copper disrupts olfaction in fish. to examine the dynamics of recovery at both functional and morphological levels after acute copper exposure, unilateral exposure of goldfish olfactory epithelia to 100 microm cuso(4) (10 min) was followed by electro-olfactogram (eog) recording and scanning electron microscopy. sensitivity to amino acids (l-arginine and l-serine), generally considered food-related odorants, recovered ...200919924975
low toxic herbicide roundup induces mild oxidative stress in goldfish tissues.the formulation of roundup consists of the herbicide glyphosate as the active ingredient with polyethoxylene amine added as a surfactant. the acute toxicity of roundup (particularly of glyphosate) to animals is considered to be low according to the world health organization, but the extensive use of roundup may still cause environmental problems with negative impact on wildlife, particularly in an aquatic environment where chemicals may persist for a long time. therefore, we studied the effects ...200919450865
estrogenic effects of monocrotophos evaluated by vitellogenin mrna and protein induction in male goldfish (carassius auratus).monocrotophos (mcp) is listed as a prior informed consent chemical, and it is still used extensively in developing countries. it has been seen that mcp shows high toxicity in fish and aquatic ecosystems. to confirm whether mcp shows estrogenic effects on fish, the induction of vitellogenin (vtg) in male goldfish (carassius auratus) following a 21 day exposure to 0.01, 0.10 and 1.00 mg x l(-1) 40% mcp pesticide in a semi-static exposure system was evaluated by hepatic mrna and plasma protein. rea ...200919439194
epr detection of hydroxyl radical generation and its interaction with antioxidant system in carassius auratus exposed to pentachlorophenol.in the present study, direct evidence of hydroxyl radical production in livers of carassius auratus exposed to pentachlorophenol (pcp) was provided using electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) with spin-trapping. a dose-effect relationship was obtained between hydroxyl radical intensities and pcp exposure. it was observed that hydroxyl radical was significantly induced by 0.001 mg l(-1) (below the criteria for chinese fishery water quality) of pcp exposure. a strong positive correlation (r=0.9581 ...200919683864
co-culture of carp (cyprinus carpio) kidney haematopoietic cells with feeder cells resulting in long-term proliferation of t-cell lineages.to characterise fish haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, it is necessary to develop a culture system that supports proliferation and differentiation of these cells. in the present study, we established cell lines from various tissues of carp (cyprinus carpio) and ginbuna (carassius auratus langsdorfii). by using these cell lines, we developed a culture system in which carp haematopoietic cells proliferated and were successively passaged. cell lines from carp thymus (kot), carp fin (kof1) and g ...200919375173
effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), adrenomedullin and adrenomedullin-2/intermedin on food intake in goldfish (carassius auratus).the purpose of the present study was to elucidate the possible role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), adrenomedullin (am) and adrenomedullin-2/intermedin (imd) on food intake regulation in goldfish (carassius auratus). we examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of these related hormones on food intake. food-deprived goldfish were subjected to icv injections of cgrp, am and imd and their food intake were quantified. cgrp at 10ng/g body weight (bw) significant ...200919150637
macrophage colony-stimulating factor (csf-1) induces pro-inflammatory gene expression and enhances antimicrobial responses of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) macrophages.we report on the regulation of pro-inflammatory functions of goldfish macrophages and induction of gene expression by recombinant goldfish csf-1 (rgcsf-1). recombinant goldfish tnfalpha-2 (rg tnfalpha-2), rgifngamma but not rgtgfbeta induced time-dependent increase of csf-1 expression in macrophages. treatment of goldfish macrophages with rgcsf-1 increased expression of several immune genes including cxcl-8 (=il-8), ccl-1, tnfalpha-1, tnfalpha-2, il-1beta-1, il-1beta-2, il-12-p35, il-12-p40, ifn ...200919130890
aspects of the hormonal regulation of appetite in fish with emphasis on goldfish, atlantic cod and winter flounder: notes on actions and responses to nutritional, environmental and reproductive changes.in vertebrates including fish, food intake regulation involves intricate networks of hormones produced by both brain and peripheral tissues. under optimum conditions, nutritional intake is adequate for basal metabolic needs, growth, development, reproduction, and deposition of energy stores. as fish represent a very diverse group, different fish species live in very different environments and are exposed to variations in a wide range of factors, including not only internal factors, such as nutri ...200919087889
the detection of pressure fluctuations, sonic audition, is the dominant mode of dipole-source detection in goldfish (carassius auratus).behavioral detection of a low-frequency (40 hz) vibratory dipole at source distances of 1.5-24 cm was measured by classically conditioned respiratory suppression in goldfish (carassius auratus). detection thresholds were compared across distances and before and after ablation of individual octavolateralis sensory channels. detection thresholds, expressed in units of pressure (spl), remained roughly constant as distance between the stimulus source and animal increased. lateral line inactivation, ...200919364230
melatonin attenuates the acetylcholine-induced contraction in isolated intestine of a teleost fish.the present study investigates the possible direct actions of melatonin (n-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) on intestinal motility in goldfish (carassius auratus) using an in vitro system of isolated intestine in an organ bath engaged to an isometric transducer. the longitudinal strips from goldfish intestine in the organ bath showed a resting spontaneous myogenic rhythmic activity which is not altered by melatonin. the addition of acetylcholine (1 nmol l(-1)-10 mmol l(-1)) to the organ bath induces ...200919543897
molecular and functional characterization of kita and kitla of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.).kit ligand and its type iii tyrosine kinase receptor kit promotes the survival, proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells involved in mammalian myelopoiesis. in this study we report on the molecular and functional characterization of kit receptor a (kita) and kit ligand a (kitla) from the goldfish. both kita and kitla were ubiquitously expressed in goldfish tissues, with higher mrna levels observed in the kidney and spleen, the major hematopoietic organs of fish. furthermore, both ki ...200919527751
evolutionary conservation of dazl genomic organization and its continuous and dynamic distribution throughout germline development in gynogenetic gibel carp.to investigate germline development and germ cell specification, we identified a dazl homolog (cagdazl) from gynogenetic gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio). its cdna sequence and bac clone sequence analyses revealed the genomic organization conservation and conserved synteny of the dazl family members and their neighborhood genes among vertebrates, especially in fish. moreover, a polyclonal antibody specific to cagdazl was produced and used to examine its expression and distribution througho ...200919504540
the role of telencephalic no and cgmp in avoidance conditioning in goldfish (carassius auratus).our previous study with n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor antagonist d-ap5 suggested that nmda receptors were involved in learning but not memory consolidation of avoidance conditioning. the present study investigated whether nitric oxide (no) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cgmp) were involved in memory consolidation but not learning of avoidance conditioning in goldfish. experiments 1 to 3 investigated amnestic and performance effects of no inhibitor l-name and cgmp inhibitor ly-83583. ...200919485568
glucose-6-phosphate isomerase is an endogenous inhibitor to myofibril-bound serine proteinase of crucian carp (carassius auratus).glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (gpi) was purified to homogeneity from the skeletal muscle of crucian carp ( carassius auratus ) by ammonium sulfate fractionation, column chromatographies of q-sepharose, sp-sepharose, and superdex 200 with a yield of 8.0%, and purification folds of 468. the molecular mass of gpi was 120 kda as estimated by gel filtration, while on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), two subunits (55 and 65 kda) were identified, suggesting that it ...200919472999
physiological consequences of gill remodeling in goldfish (carassius auratus) during exposure to long-term hypoxia.goldfish (carassius auratus) acclimated to 7 degrees c and exposed to hypoxia ( approximately 10 mmhg) for 7 days exhibited a pronounced remodeling of the gill consisting of the removal of an interlamellar cell mass (ilcm). subsequent experiments were designed to assess the impact of gill remodeling and the associated increase in functional lamellar surface area on the distribution of branchial ionocytes and cl(-) flux across the gill. despite the increased functional lamellar surface area durin ...200919458280
in vitro generation of viral-antigen dependent cytotoxic t-cells from ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii.little is known about antigen-specific t-cell responses to viruses in teleosts due to a lack of a suitable experimental system using inbred or clonal animals. in the present study we have successfully induced an in vitro generation of virus-specific cytotoxic t-cells (ctls) from isogeneic ginbuna crucian carp. responder cells (primarily lymphocytes) from crucian carp haematopoietic necrosis virus (chnv)-infected fish were capable of proliferating after stimulation in vitro with chnv-infected syn ...200919428040
apelin in goldfish (carassius auratus): cloning, distribution and role in appetite regulation.apelin is a recently discovered peptide produced by several tissues including brain and adipose tissue. in mammals and zebrafish, apelin regulates cardiovascular functions. recent evidence in mammals suggest that apelin might also regulate food intake. in this study, we cloned a cdna encoding apelin and examined apelin mrna distribution within the brain and in peripheral tissues. we also assessed the effects of fasting on apelin brain mrna abundance. apelin mrna was expressed throughout the brai ...200919427346
tracing the accumulation and effects of mercury uptake in the previtellogenic ovary of crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio by autometallography and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry.the aims of the present study were to apply the amg technique for localization of mercury at the light and electron microscopic level in the ovary of crucian carp after exposure to mercuric chloride and to find out if this heavy metal induces expression of caspase-3. depending on the stage of ovarian follicle development, two patterns of mercury accumulation have been found in previtellogenic ovary of crucian carp. the first mercury accumulation pattern has been found in the early previtellogeni ...200919085830
chlorpheniramine impairs functional recovery in carassius auratus after telencephalic ablation.we determined the effect of an h1 receptor antagonist on the functional recovery of carassius auratus submitted to telencephalic ablation. five days after surgery the fish underwent a spatial-choice learning paradigm test. the fish, weighing 6-12 g, were divided into four groups: telencephalic ablation (a) or sham lesion (s) and saline (sal) or chlorpheniramine (cpa, ip, 16 mg/kg). for eight consecutive days each animal was trained individually in sessions separated by 24 h (alternate days). tra ...200919330266
distribution of ghrelin peptide in the gastrointestinal tract of stomachless and stomach-containing teleosts.the occurrence and localization of ghrelin peptide in the gastrointestinal tract of carassius auratus and dicentrarchus labrax, two fish species that exhibit different feeding behavior, different habitats, and different anatomical organizations of the gastroenteric tract, were examined by immunohistochemical methods and western blotting analysis. all of the gastrointestinal segments studied displayed immunohistochemical localizations of ghrelin peptide. numerous single or clustered immunoreactiv ...200919322896
structural and functional multiplicity of the kisspeptin/gpr54 system in goldfish (carassius auratus).to ascertain the neuroendocrine function of the kisspeptin/gpr54 system in non-mammalian species, full-length cdnas encoding for kiss1 and kiss2 as well as their putative cognate receptors gpr54a and gpr54b, were isolated from goldfish (carassius auratus). the deduced protein sequences between kiss1 and kiss2 in goldfish share very low similarity, but their putative mature peptides (kisspeptin-10) are relatively conserved. rt-pcr analysis demonstrated that the goldfish kiss1 gene (gfkiss1) is hi ...200919304758
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