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persistence of reactivity against the 45 k da glycoprotein in late trichinellosis patients.over the years, the opinions of clinicians on the existence of the so-called chronic trichinellosis or late sequelae of infection have differed. however, the persistence of a humoral immune response against trichinella in these late-stage patients has been confirmed using specific tests such as the competitive inhibition assay (cia). we evaluated sera from late-stage trichinellosis patients (2--8 years from acute infection), for their reactivity against trichinella spiralis antigens. the followi ...200515996822
relationship between heat shock protein levels and infectivity in trichinella spiralis larvae exposed to different stressors.the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between infectivity and the levels of two major heat shock proteins (hsp70 and hsp60) in trichinella spiralis larvae. parasites were exposed to either sublethal thermal stress (43 and 45 degrees c) or to warm or cold temperature oxidative stress. the stressed larvae were then inoculated into female cd1 mice to determine their infectivity. hsps were detected and quantified by western blotting using monoclonal antibodies. infectivity ...200515997408
are bacillary bands responsible for expulsion of trichinella spiralis?newborn larvae, muscle larvae, intestinal larvae, and adults of trichinella spiralis were examined by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy for the presence of bacillary bands and pores of the gland cells. vital staining of living adults disclosed that the bacillary bands, approximately 5 microm in width, begin at the cephalic end of the worms, on each side of the worm, as a row of single cells. the bands extend, gradually increasing in width, to the posterior end of the worms; an ...200516006039
effects of raw biles and their non-protein fractions from fox, pig, sheep and chicken on the survival of trichinella spp. in vitro.the in vitro differential effect of fox, pig, sheep and chicken bile and corresponding non-protein fractions at various concentrations on the motility of released muscle larvae of trichinella spiralis, trichinella nativa and trichinella nelsoni was examined. in many cases, the percentages of motile (live) larvae of the three trichinella species cultured in the presence of the non-protein fractions of bile from the study animals were significantly higher (p<0.001) compared to their respective con ...200516009493
mechanisms underlying the maintenance of muscle hypercontractility in a model of postinfective gut dysfunction.acute gastroenteritis is a strong risk factor for the development of irritable bowel syndrome (ibs). we have developed an animal model in which transient acute infection leads to persistent muscle hypercontractility. here, we investigate the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of this hypercontractility in the postinfective (pi) state.200516012943
cloning and analysis of a novel cdna from trichinella spiralis encoding a protein with an fyve zinc finger domain.a cdna library from trichinella spiralis adults 3 days post-infection was screened with a cdna probe, designated t 54, derived from a newborn larvae subtracted cdna library. sequence analysis showed that the positive clone contained a cdna insert of 1464 bp in length with a single open reading frame of 1290 bp, which encoded a protein of 429 amino acids with a putative molecular mass of 49.9 k da. database analysis predicted the deduced protein had a leucine zipper motif and an fyve zinc finger ...200516023292
outbreak of trichinellosis associated with consumption of game meat in west greenland.the inuit population of the arctic has always been at risk of acquiring trichinellosis and severe outbreaks have been recorded in alaska and canada. in west greenland, a number of large outbreaks took place during the 1940s and 1950s; they involved total 420 cases including 37 deaths. since then only sporadic cases have been reported. here, we describe an outbreak of infection with trichinella spp. after consumption of infected meat presumably from walrus or polar bear caught in western greenlan ...200516023294
[preliminary study on congenital transmission of trichinella spiralis in mice].to study congenital transmission of trichinella spiralis in mice and observe the protection of anti-trichinella antibodies from the infected dams to challenge infection.200516042167
[expression and antigenicity analysis of p46000 antigen from newborn larvae of trichinella spiralis].to express and analyze p46000 antigen from newborn larvae of trichinella spiralis.200516042204
[cell apoptosis and necrosis in the development of trichinella spiralis larvae]. 200516042212
changes in interstitial cells of cajal at the deep muscular plexus are associated with loss of distention-induced burst-type muscle activity in mice infected by trichinella spiralis.the physiology and pathophysiology of the network of interstitial cells of cajal associated with the deep muscular plexus (icc-dmp) of the small intestine are still poorly understood. the objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of inflammation associated with trichinella spiralis infection on the icc-dmp and to correlate loss of function with structural changes in these cells and associated structures. we used immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and assessment of dist ...200516049330
[cloning and characterization of p43 cdna from trichinella spiralis].to clone and characterize the p43 cdna from muscle larvae cdna library of trichinella spiralis (ts) chinese isolate.200516566215
[sero-epidemiological investigation on trichinosis in dehong prefecture]. 200516566228
phagocytic and bactericidal activity and morphological parameters of blood platelets in patients with trichinella spiralis infection.the production of ige increases in parasitic invasions, triggering local or systemic inflammatory response with the involvement of blood platelets. the aim of the study was to assess the number and morphological parameters of blood platelets as well as their phagocytic and bactericidal activity in patients with trichinella spiralis infection. it is interesting to investigate the blood platelet response following trichinella spiralis in order to elucidate possible effects on non-specific immunity ...200516358986
trichinella spiralis and breast carcinoma--a case report.authors report about a patient with recurrent ductal invasive breast carcinoma and trichinosis. the patient underwent mastectomy of the left breast with evacuation of the axilla because of the cancer. radiation therapy was received. an infestation with trichinella spiralis was diagnosed two years after the patient was treated with mebendazole. a local recurrence of the tumor was found on the chest wall six years after the surgery. tumor excision was performed. histological analysis pointed at a ...200516417199
[neuroimmunomodulatory effect of highly toxic organophosphorus compound on the development of trichinella spiralis infection].the highly toxic organophosphorus compound (isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate--impf) belonging to the group of the so called toxic of warfare agents can impair immune effector mechanisms determining the development of parasitic infection. preliminary studies have demonstrated that impf delays elimination of adults trichinella spiralis forms from the intestine of c57b1/6 mice and b6c3f1 hybrids. besides, the studied compound modifies the proliferative activity of t-cells in the above mentioned m ...200416859016
[the intriguing influence of albendazole on glutathione reductase activity in the muscles from trichinella spiralis infected mice].a clear stimulation of the activity of glutathione reductase (rg, ec 1.6.4.2), one of the major enzymes participating in glutathione metabolism, was observed in the skeletal muscles from trichinella spiralis infected mice. the maximal, almost two-fold increase in rg activity was observed in week 5 post-infection. administration of albendazole, an anthelmintic widely used in trichinellosis treatment, resulted in an additional, about 40% stimulation of rg activity (small, but statistically signifi ...200416859036
[ultrastructural analysis of capsule and nurse-cell morphology examined seven months after trichinella spiralis mouse infection].ultrastructural changes in muscles cells of mice infected with t. spiralis larvae in 220 day of infection were evaluated. the object of study was in the region of the "nurse-cell" being in direct contact with the larva wall. electron microscopic observations revealed the continuity of the muscle cell membrane adjacent to larva surface.200416859037
[ effect of mebendazole on the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the liver of rats infected with trichinella spiralis].by administering mebendazolum to control the trichinella invaded white linear rats it was showed that mebendazolum does not have direct effect on activity of liver antioxidizing enzyme, however it increases prooxidantal effect of trichinella metabolite, which in condition of invaded organism appears to be a supplementary pathogenic factor.200416865964
[osmotic resistance of red blood cells membranes in vermox and "akbeta" vitamin complex treatment of experimental trichinosis in rats].the aim was to examine the osmotic resistance dynamics in rats infected with trichinella spiralis. antioxidant "akbeta" vitamin complex used together with vermox, decreases the toxic effect of vermox, thereby causes the stabilization of red blood cells membrane osmotic resistance parameters in rats.200416865965
characterisation of trichinella isolates from bulgaria by molecular typing and cross-breeding.trichinella spp. larvae were collected from domestic and wild-life animals in association with 15 human trichinellosis outbreaks registered between 1999-2002 in bulgaria. furthermore, trichinella spp. isolates were obtained from 62 naturally infected wild animals and of a rat. all isolates were subjected to speciation by both multiplex pcr and cross-breeding experiments. epidemiological and clinical data were collected and analysed using standard protocols for epidemiological surveillance and co ...200415325044
epidemiology of trichinella infection in the horse: the risk from animal product feeding practices.a discovery in 2002 of a trichinella spiralis-infected horse in serbia offered an opportunity to conduct needed epidemiological studies on how horses, considered herbivores, acquire a meat-borne parasite. this enigma has persisted since the first human outbreaks from infected horse meat occurred in then 1970s. the trace back of the infected horse to a farm owner was carried out. interviews and investigations on the farm led to the conclusion that the owner had fed the horse food waste in order t ...200415325048
interleukin-4- and interleukin-13-mediated host protection against intestinal nematode parasites.intestinal worm infections characteristically induce t-helper 2 cell (th2) cytokine production. we reviewed studies performed with mice infected with either of two intestinal nematode parasites, nippostrongylus brasiliensis or trichinella spiralis, that evaluate the importance of the th2 cytokine interleukin-4 (il-4) and il-13 in protection against these parasites. these studies demonstrate that while il-4/il-13 protect against both parasites by activating signal transducer and activator of tran ...200415361238
lactobacillus paracasei normalizes muscle hypercontractility in a murine model of postinfective gut dysfunction.the effects of probiotics on gut dysfunction in postinfective irritable bowel syndrome are unknown. we tested whether probiotics influence persistent muscle hypercontractility in mice after recovery from infection with trichinella spiralis and analyzed the underlying mechanisms.200415362038
evaluation of trichinella spiralis larva group 1 antigens for serodiagnosis of human trichinellosis.to identify trichinella antigens suitable for high-specificity and high-sensitivity serodiagnosis of human trichinellosis, we evaluated assays using four antigens: (i) crude first-stage larval extract (cle), (ii) o-deglycosylated cle, (iii) tyvelose-bearing antigens (trichinella spiralis larva group 1 [tsl-1] antigens) purified by us4 affinity chromatography and coupled directly to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) plates (ptsl-1 antigens), and (iv) tsl-1 antigens immobilized on elisa pl ...200415364990
a non-classical type of alveolar macrophage response to trichinella spiralis infection.studies of arginase expression and activity in guinea pig alveolar macrophages during trichinella spiralis infection, prompted by earlier observation of innate lung response to the parasite, showed the macrophages to express both activity and protein of arginase type i. in cultured macrophages part of the enzyme was found to be always released to the extracellular medium. whereas bcg in vivo treatment, alone or preceded by t. spiralis infection, stimulated arginase activity, t. spiralis infectio ...200415367297
effect of inducible costimulator blockade on the pathological and protective immune responses induced by the gastrointestinal helminth trichinella spiralis.infections with gastrointestinal helminths elicit potent th2 responses, which ultimately result in their expulsion. however, during expulsion of trichinella spiralis this th2 response also induces a severe enteropathy characterized by villus atrophy and crypt hyperplasia. inducible costimulator (icos), a homologue of cd28, interacts with b7-related protein 1, and has been shown to be important in t-b cell interactions and antibody class switching. significantly, icos appears to be involved in th ...200415368302
establishment of t-helper-2 immune response based gerbil model of enteric infection.the reciprocal antagonism of t-helper-1 (th-1) and th-2 type immune responses suggests that helminth parasitic infection may ameliorate disease where a th-1 type response dominates. the mongolian gerbil has been useful in the investigation of the pathogenesis of gastric cancer, since long-term infection of gerbils with helicobacter pylori induces adenocarcinoma. in this study the kinetics of worm expulsion and associated immune responses in gerbils infected with trichinella spiralis were investi ...200415370689
pedro: a database for storing, searching and disseminating experimental proteomics data.proteomics is rapidly evolving into a high-throughput technology, in which substantial and systematic studies are conducted on samples from a wide range of physiological, developmental, or pathological conditions. reference maps from 2d gels are widely circulated. however, there is, as yet, no formally accepted standard representation to support the sharing of proteomics data, and little systematic dissemination of comprehensive proteomic data sets.200415377392
evaluation of techniques for the recovery of live intestinal trichinella spiralis worms from experimentally infected foxes.previously described methods for the recovery of intestinal trichinella worms from rodents are not feasible when applied in larger experimental animals such as foxes. in this study,worm recovery by standard technique of simple incubation of the intestine in saline was compared to embedment of the intestine in an agar gel. the small intestines of trichinella spiralis infected foxes (4-5 days post inoculation) were slit lengthwise and the two corresponding halves were processed with one of the two ...200415381306
gene discovery in the adenophorean nematode trichinella spiralis: an analysis of transcription from three life cycle stages.expressed sequence tags (ests) were produced from cdna libraries for immature l1, mature muscle larva and adult stages of the adenophorean nematode trichinella spiralis. 10,130 ests were grouped into 3454 gene clusters. the clusters represent a conservative estimate of 3262 unique genes. interspecific comparisons of the predicted proteins support an ancient divergence of clade i nematodes from other nematodes in the phylum nematoda. furthermore, apparent clade i or trichocephalida-specific prote ...200415383298
expression profiling reveals novel innate and inflammatory responses in the jejunal epithelial compartment during infection with trichinella spiralis.infection with intestinal nematodes induces profound pathological changes to the gut that are associated with eventual parasite expulsion. we have applied expression profiling as an initial screening process with oligonucleotide microarrays (affymetrix mg-u74av2 gene chips) and time course kinetics to investigate gene transcription triggered by the intraepithelial nematode trichinella spiralis in jejunal epithelium from balb/c mice. of the 4,114 genes detected, 2,617 were present in all uninfect ...200415385512
the cockroach as a host for trichinella and enterobius vermicularis: implications for public health.cockroaches are known carriers of bacteria and fungi that produce disease in humans. however, the link between pathogenic helminths and cockroaches has not been fully explored. this preliminary study demonstrates trichinella and enterobius (also known as human "pinworm") infestation in cockroaches obtained from a grade school and hospitals in hawaii. this is the first report of trichinella and enterobius infestation in naturally occurring cockroaches. these results suggest that roachs are an una ...200415124739
identification of immunoreactive proteins of trichinella spiralis adult and adult excretory/secretory (e/s) antigens in sera of human and animals.trichinella spiralis adult and adult excretory/secretory antigens were evaluated by elisa and western blot techniques for the serological diagnosis of trichinellosis in naturally infected human, swine and experimentally infected rats. blood samples were collected from 16 symptomatic patients at hospital and 12 asymptomatic individuals working at the swine slaughter-house. blood samples were also obtained from 75 pigs at two abattoirs and experimentally infected rats (day 25 pi). there was no gre ...200415125533
changes in the level of antioxidants in the blood from mice infected with trichinella spiralis.the biological reaction caused by oxygen-derived free radicals at the molecular and cellular levels involves many different biochemical components which can be directly damaged by oxidizing radicals. as such a reaction may lead to pathological processes, defence mechanisms have evolved to limit the rate of free radical production. these mechanisms employ low-molecular-weight non-enzymatic antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes which are inducible by oxidant stress. in this study, the activity of t ...200415133658
interleukin-10 limits local and body cavity inflammation during infection with muscle-stage trichinella spiralis.the aim of this study was to characterize cellular responses to muscle-stage trichinella spiralis. from its intracellular habitat in muscle, t. spiralis secretes potent glycoprotein antigens that elicit a strong systemic host immune response. despite the magnitude and prolonged nature of this response, nurse cells are rarely destroyed by infiltrating cells. we tested the hypothesis that the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (il-10) moderates cellular responses to muscle-stage parasites. ...200415155614
minor interspecies variations in the sequence of the gp53 tsl-1 antigen of trichinella define species-specific immunodominant epitopes.among the trichinella tsl-1 antigens, whose antigenicity is generally due mainly to tyvelose-containing epitopes, gp53 is unusual in that its antigenicity is due mainly to protein epitopes. in the present study we mapped two of these epitopes, recognized by monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that specifically recognize gp53 from all encysting trichinella species (mab us9), or gp53 from trichinella spiralis alone (mab us5). based on previously published sequences of this glycoprotein [mol. biochem. par ...200415163539
ex vivo anthelmintic activity of albendazole-sulphoxide enantiomers.the antiparasitic activity of racemic albendazole-sulphoxide (ricobendazole = racrbz) and its (+) and (-) enantiomers was tested in an ex vivo murine model for trichinella spiralis infection. larvae were isolated from the muscle of infected mice and exposed to concentrations between 0.01 and 1 microg/ml of the racemic mixture or to each of its enantiomers. the activity of each compound was then assayed by measuring the ability of the treated larvae to infect naive mice (larval viability). at a c ...200415165068
response of ada and its isoenzymes in mice infected by trichinella spiralis and treated with mimosine.infections caused by the nematode trichinella spiralis (t. spiralis) are characterized by an inflammatory response in the host. the aim of this study was to identify and evaluate markers for monitoring mice infected with t. spiralis and treated with or without mimosine. the markers that have been used were total and differential white blood cell counts, subpopulations of lymphocytes, serum tada and its isoenzymes ada1 and ada2 activity. the study included 3 groups of balb/c mice. group a consist ...200415171820
expression of integrin-alphae by mucosal mast cells in the intestinal epithelium and its absence in nematode-infected mice lacking the transforming growth factor-beta1-activating integrin alphavbeta6.peak intestinal mucosal mast cell (mmc) recruitment coincides with expulsion of trichinella spiralis, at a time when the majority of the mmcs are located within the epithelium in balb/c mice. although expression of integrin-alpha(e)beta(7) by mmcs has not been formally demonstrated, it has been proposed as a potential mechanism to account for the predominantly intraepithelial location of mmcs during nematode infection. co-expression of integrin-alpha(e)beta(7) and the mmc chymase mouse mast cell ...200415215165
mouse mast cell protease-1 is required for the enteropathy induced by gastrointestinal helminth infection in the mouse.the relationship between intestinal pathology and immune expulsion of gastrointestinal nematodes remains controversial. immune expulsion of gastrointestinal helminth parasites is usually associated with th2 responses, but the effector mechanisms directly responsible for parasite loss have not been elucidated. mast cell hyperplasia is a hallmark of infection with gastrointestinal nematodes, in particular trichinella spiralis. although the precise mechanism by which mast cells induce expulsion of ...200415236182
visceral hyperalgesia and intestinal dysmotility in a mouse model of postinfective gut dysfunction.we established the concept that transient enteric infection may lead to persistent gut dysfunction, evident in vitro, in nematode-infected mice. the present study determined whether gut dysfunction in this model involves motor and sensory changes reminiscent of changes found in patients with postinfective irritable bowel syndrome (pi-ibs) and investigated underlying mechanisms.200415236184
cloning and characterization of the mitochondrial heat-shock protein 60 gene of trichinella spiralis.the full-length cdna of mitochondrial heat-shock protein (hsp) 60 of the infective-stage larva of trichinella spiralis was cloned by degenerative pcr and rapid amplification of cdna end reactions. the 1,945 bp full-length cdna sequence contained an open reading frame of 576 amino acids. a mitochondrial signal peptide was located at the n-terminal and a ggm motif at the c-terminal. the gene contained ten exons and nine introns. rt-pcr analysis indicated that thermal, cold, acidic and oxidative tr ...200415243799
innate balb/c enteric epithelial responses to trichinella spiralis: inducible expression of a novel goblet cell lectin, intelectin-2, and its natural deletion in c57bl/10 mice.infection of mice with the nematode parasite trichinella spiralis induces changes in the proteome of the jejunal epithelium, including substantial up-regulation of a novel variant of interlectin. in this study we sequence this novel lectin, termed intelectin-2, and compare expression levels during t. spiralis infection of resistant (balb/c) with susceptible (c57bl/10) mouse strains. intelectin-2 was cloned and sequenced from balb/c mrna extracted on day 14 of infection, and was found to have 91% ...200415265922
the epidemiological investigation of trichinella infection in brown rats (rattus norvegicus) and domestic pigs in croatia suggests that rats are not a reservoir at the farm level.whether the brown rat (rattus norvegicus) is a reservoir of trichinella spp. infection or merely an accidental host, which may be vector of trichinella spp., continues to be debated. we estimated the prevalence of trichinella sp. infection in brown rat populations and in domestic pigs in 2 villages in croatia, where trichinella sp. infection in pigs has been endemic in the past 10 yr. trichinella spiralis larvae, identified by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction analyses, were the only species ...200415270124
expression of apoptosis-related factors in muscles infected with trichinella spiralis.we found that the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis related genes (bcl-2 associated protein x, bax; apoptotic protease activating factor 1, apaf-1; caspase 9 and serine/threonine protein kinase, pkb) is elevated in trichinella spiralis-infected muscles during encapsulation. micro-dissection of the capsule and subsequent reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) confirmed that the expressions of these genes are restricted to the nurse cell. immunocytochemistry revealed that pro ...200415074881
enteric nematodes induce stereotypic stat6-dependent alterations in intestinal epithelial cell function.infection with gastrointestinal nematodes exerts profound effects on both the immune and physiological responses of the host. we showed previously that the th2 cytokines, il-4 and il-13, induce stat6-dependent changes in intestinal epithelial cell permeability, absorption, and secretion that are similar to those observed in a secondary infection with heligmosomoides polygyrus. in the current study we investigated whether nematode-induced effects on epithelial cell function were 1) generic, 2) de ...200415100305
[persistent intestinal motility disorder after transient intestinal nematode infection in rats].to investigate the intestinal motor function (distal colonic manometry and gastrointestinal transit time) after t. spiralis infection in rats.200415100743
application and assessment of a dipstick assay in the diagnosis of hydatidosis and trichinosis.the aim of the present work was to apply and evaluate a dipstick assay for the serodiagnosis of human hydatidosis as well as human and experimental trichinosis using camel hydatid cyst fluid (hcf) and trichinella spiralis muscle larval (tsml) antigens, respectively, and compare this to enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (eitb) and falcon assay screening test-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (fast-elisa). sera samples were collected from patients with confirmed hydatidosis and trichinosis ...200415103552
[screening of mimic epitopes of trichinella spiralis antigen from phage 12-mer peptide library].to screen special mimic epitopes of trichinella spiralis antigen from peptide library for exploring new diagnostic antigens.200415281456
[construction of dna vaccine of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae and its expression in mice].to construct and express recombinant plasmid containing the structural gene encoding mr 31 000 antigen of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae.200415283254
trichinella spiralis secretes a homologue of prosaposin.infective larvae and adult stage trichinella spiralis secrete a protein homologous to prosaposin, the precursor of sphingolipid activator proteins (saposins) a-d originally defined in vertebrates. the protein contains four saposin domains, with the six cysteine residues which form the three intramolecular disulphide bonds in close register in each case. it differs substantially from vertebrate prosaposins in the n-terminal prodomain, the region separating saposins a and b, and completely lacks t ...200415287586
in vitro genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of protein somatic products from helminths on donor blood lymphocytes.protein somatic products of adult helminths hymenolepis nana and toxocara canis and secretory-excretory somatic product of trichinella spiralis larvae in vitro produced genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on donor blood lymphocytes, which manifested in accumulation of single-chain breaks, alkaline-labile sites in nuclear dna, and apoptotic cells. this effect depended on the concentration of parasitic protein products during coculturing.200415662464
damage to cell dna in the bone marrow and testes of mice with experimental trichinosis.metabolites of trichinella spiralis produced genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on somatic and generative cells of the host organism. they increased the number of single-chain breaks, alkaline-labile sites in nuclear dna, and count of apoptotic cells in the bone marrow and testes of infected mice. these effects depended on the stage of parasite development in the host organism and became more pronounced with increasing invasion intensity.200415665925
immune-mediated alteration in gut physiology and its role in host defence in nematode infection.activation of the mucosal immune system of the gastrointestinal tract in nematode infection results in altered intestinal physiology, which includes changes in intestinal motility and mucus production. these changes are considered to be under direct immunological control rather than a non-specific consequence of the inflammatory reaction to the infective agent. however, little is known about the immunological basis for the changes in intestinal physiology accompanying nematode infection, or the ...200415679628
[surveillance of foodborne diseases in the province of rio negro, argentina, 1993-2001].a total of 39 outbreaks of foodborne diseases affecting 958 people in the province of rio negro, argentina between 1993 and 2001 are described and evaluated. the main causal agents were identified involving food, sites of occurrence, risk factors and notification system used. salmonella spp (38%), trichinella spiralis (15%), escherichia coli (13%) and staphylococcus aureus (15%) were the most frequent agents present in outbreaks. salmonella spp produced the largest number of cases (52%). food in ...200415628297
trichinella spiralis: stimulation of mast cells by tsl-1 antigens trigger cytokine mrna expression and release of il-4 and tnf through an ig-independent pathway.previous in vitro studies have demonstrated that mast cells (mc) can be directly activated by trichinella spiralis larvae 1 (tsl-1) antigens. to characterize even more this activation of mc and their possible role on induction and regulation of the type 2 response generated against t. spiralis infection, we studied the interaction between a hybrid rat mc line (hrmc), murine bone marrow mc (mbmmc), and tsl-1 antigens. immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry analysis showed that tsl-1 antig ...200415582506
[immunoscreening of newborn larvae cdna library of trichinella spiralis].to obtain antigenic genes encoding newborn larvae antigens of trichinella spiralis.200415587159
influence of methods for trichinella detection in pigs from endemic and non-endemic european region.a total of 1401 german and 226 croatian pigs raised either indoors or outdoors were tested for trichinella infection by direct and indirect detection methods. a 10 g sample of diaphragm were examined for muscle larvae by the artificial digestion method; the species was determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr). for detection of anti-trichinella igg, serum samples diluted 1:100, and meat juice samples diluted 1:10, were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. all german pigs an ...200415458494
heat shock protein synthesis over time in infective trichinella spiralis larvae raised in suboptimal culture conditions.changes in the viability, infectivity and heat shock protein (hsp) levels are reported in trichinella spiralis first stage larvae (l1) stored in 199 medium for up to seven days at 37 degrees c. these conditions induce stress that the larvae, eventually, cannot overcome. after three days of storage, the infectivity and viability were unchanged, although higher hsp70 levels were observed. after this time, larvae gradually lost viability and infectivity, coinciding with a decrease in hsp70 and hsp9 ...200415469628
a nucleotidase with unique catalytic properties is secreted by trichinella spiralis.we have isolated and expressed a cdna from the parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis encoding a novel secreted nucleotidase which catalyses the hydrolysis of nucleoside 5'-diphosphates and 5'-monophosphates, but not 5'-triphosphates. the full length cdna encodes a protein of 550 amino acids with an n-terminal signal peptide, but lacking a c-terminal signature sequence for addition of a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (gpi) anchor. expression in pichia pastoris resulted in the secretion of an act ...200415478804
trichinella pseudospiralis foci in sweden.in sweden, the prevalence of trichinella infection in domestic pigs has greatly decreased since the 1970s, with no reports in the past 4 years. however, infected wild animals continue to be found. the objective of the present study was to identify the species of trichinella present in animals of sweden, so as to contribute to the knowledge on the distribution area and hosts useful for the prevention and control of this zoonosis. in the period 1985-2003, trichinella larvae were detected in the mu ...200415482889
[investigation of the trichinellocidal activity of the agents from a series of benzthiazole and benzoxazole]. 200415484980
[survey of trichinella spiralis infection in pigs in xiangfan city in 1993-2003]. 200415830871
[prokaryotic expression of an antigen gene of trichinella spiralis and identification of the recombinant protein].to obtain the recombinant protein of an antigen gene ts88 of trichinella spiralis and identify the characteristics of the recombinant protein.200415830873
expression of dna vaccine against trichinella spiralis in chinese hamster ovary cells.to observe the in vitro expression of dna vaccine (recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pcdna3-tspe1) encoding a mr 31,000 antigen of trichinella spiralis in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells and analyze the antigenicity of the products expressed.200415830876
mrna expression and immunohistochemical localization of inducible nitric oxide synthase (nos-2) in the muscular niche of trichinella spiralis.the aim of this study was to demonstrate inos mrna expression in muscular phase of experimental trichinellosis and to localize inos protein in t. spiralis-infected muscles using specific anti-inos monoclonal antibodies. the expression of inos mrna in skeletal muscles from trichinella spiralis-infected mice was examined using the reverse transcription pcr assay. fragments of skeletal muscles were also subjected to the immunohistochemical reaction using specific anti-inos monoclonal antibodies fol ...200415704646
first record of trichinella pseudospiralis in the slovak republic found in domestic focus.infection of trichinella spp. is widespread among wildlife in slovakia and the red fox (vulpes vulpes) is the main reservoir of trichinella britovi. trichinella spiralis has been rarely documented in sylvatic and domestic animals of this country. during routine examination of domestic pigs at the slaughter, trichinella larvae were detected by artificial digestion in a domestic pig of a large-scale breeding farm in eastern slovakia. the parasite has been identified by molecular (pcr) and biochemi ...200415725537
in vivo exit of c-kit+/cd49d(hi)/beta7+ mucosal mast cell precursors from the bone marrow following infection with the intestinal nematode trichinella spiralis.we have used the parasite helminth trichinella spiralis to study the generation and differentiation of mast cell progenitors in the bone marrow of mice, as this infection triggers an intestinal mastocytosis which correlates with parasite expulsion. c-kit+ mast cell progenitors have previously been defined by methylcellulose colony-forming units and by limiting dilution assays in vitro. in vivo experiments have demonstrated the essential requirement by mast cells for specific integrin expression. ...200414604954
imported human trichinellosis: sequential igg4 antibody response to trichinella spiralis.two out of five members of one household presented with clinical signs of trichinellosis after their return to the netherlands. the family had consumed trichinella-infected pork in montenegro, formerly yugoslavia. serological tests were performed at 1, 2, 6, and 18 months after ingestion of the infected meat. trichinella-specific igm, igg, and iga antibodies measured in sera from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients remained positive up to 18 months after ingestion. the measured igg4 antibody r ...200414608495
ige enhances parasite clearance and regulates mast cell responses in mice infected with trichinella spiralis.trichinella spiralis infection elicits a vigorous ige response and pronounced intestinal and splenic mastocytosis in mice. since ige both activates mast cells (mc) and promotes their survival in culture, we examined its role in mc responses and parasite elimination in t. spiralis-infected mice. during primary infection, wild-type but not ige-deficient (ige(-/-)) balb/c mice mounted a strong ige response peaking 14 days into infection. the splenic mastocytosis observed in balb/c mice following in ...200414707089
parasitic diseases of the heart.the following chapter is one of a series of chapters in the volume entitled infections of the myocardium appearing in frontiers in bioscience. the full table of contents can be found at http://www.bioscience.org/current/special/tanowitz.htm. in this chapter, we review several parasitic infections involving the myocardium and pericardium. the most widely studied parasitic infection affecting the heart is chagas' disease or american trypanosomiasis. in this chapter we describe issues relating to c ...200414766402
differences and similarities of nurse cells in cysts of trichinella spiralis and t. pseudospiralis.the nurse cell in the cyst of trichinella spiralis comprises at least two kinds of cytoplasm, derived from muscle or satellite cells, as indicated by the pattern of staining using regular dye (haematoxylin and eosin, or toluidine blue), alkaline phosphatase (alp) expression, acid phosphatase (acp) expression and immunostaining with an anti-intermediate filament protein (desmin or keratin). muscle cells undergo basophilic changes following a t. spiralis infection and transform to the nurse cells, ...200414972031
rapidity and multiplicity of synthesis and expression of immunoglobulin isotypes by b lymphocytes in the small intestine.an immunofluorescence double labeling assay was used to examine the kinetics of intestinal b lymphocytes with concurrent expression of multiple antibody isotypes in the mucosal tissues of rats infected with trichinella spiralis (ts) muscle larvae for 1 to 15 days. as compared to the uninfected controls (day 0), the non-peyer's patch tissues of the small intestine contained a significantly increased number of dual antibody-expressing b cells as early as 3 days after infection with a maximum proli ...200414977575
developmental regulation and secretion of nematode-specific cysteine-glycine domain proteins in trichinella spiralis.the muscle larva of trichinella spiralis is an intracellular parasite of mammalian skeletal muscle, encapsulating within a portion of the myofiber and resulting in muscle de-differentiation. parasite-derived factors secreted or excreted by the muscle larva are thought to play a role in the formation of the host-parasite complex and in the induction of changes in the host cell. we screened a library enriched for t. spiralis-specific cdnas and identified a clone encoding a protein with similarity ...200415003845
molecular cloning and characterisation of two kinds of proteins in excretory-secretory products of trichinella pseudospiralis.two genes encoding trichinella pseudospiralis excretory-secretory proteins related to the trichinella spiralis glycoproteins were cloned and the excretory-secretory proteins were characterised. a cloned gene, designated tp38 (ts43), contained a cdna transcript of 1035 bp, and the predicted amino acid sequence of the tp38 (ts43) pro-protein had a similarity of about 84% to that of the t. spiralis 43 kda glycoprotein. a cloned gene, designated tp53 (ts53), contained a cdna transcript of 1239 bp, a ...200415013739
trichinella spiralis: activity of the cerebral pyruvate recycling pathway of the host (mouse) in hypoglycemia induced by the infection.the activity of the cerebral pyruvate recycling pathway and energy metabolism in mice infected with trichinella spiralis were investigated using (13)c-nmr and in vivo (31)p-nmr spectroscopy, respectively. the (13)c-nmr analysis, using [1,2-(13)c(2)] acetate as a substrate, of whole-brain extracts demonstrated that activity of the pathway increased when t. spiralis infection induced hypoglycemia in the host. the in vivo (31)p-nmr observation showed that the cerebral atp in normal level sustained ...200415013792
immunization with trichinella spiralis korean isolate larval excretory-secretory antigen induces protection and lymphocyte subset changes in rats.protection and immune responses were studied in rats immunized with trichinella spiralis muscle stage larval excretory-secretory antigen (es ag) without adjuvant. protection was assessed by the degree of adult worm burden and the yield of muscle (diaphragmatic) larvae after challenge infection with live larvae. lymphocyte subsets were identified by flow cytometry in the spleen and peripheral blood. cytokine production and specific igg, igg1 and igg2a antibody responses were measured. immunizatio ...200415015829
trichinella spiralis thymidylate synthase: cdna cloning and sequencing, and developmental pattern of mrna expression.the persistent expression of thymidylate synthase activity has previously been demonstrated not only in adult forms, but also in non-developing muscle larvae of trichinella spiralis and t. pseudospiralis, pointing to an unusual pattern of cell cycle regulation, and prompting further studies on the developmental pattern of t. spiralis thymidylate synthase gene expression. the enzyme cdna was cloned and sequenced, allowing the characterization of a single open reading frame of 307 amino acids codi ...200415030008
the effects of fexofenadine on eosinophilia and systemic anaphylaxis in mice infected with trichinella spiralis.the effects of the non-impairing, h(1)-receptor antagonist fexofenadine were investigated in in vivo mouse models of eosinophilia and systemic anaphylaxis.200415037214
proteomic analysis of mouse jejunal epithelium and its response to infection with the intestinal nematode, trichinella spiralis.infection with the intestinal nematode trichinella spiralis induces profound, but stereotypic pathological changes to the epithelium, which are common to many nematode infections. this study describes changes in jejunal epithelial protein expression that reflect these stereotypic responses. adult male balb/c mice were infected with t. spiralis, and groups (n = 4) examined on day 14/15 (time of worm rejection) were compared with uninfected controls (n = 4). jejunal epithelium was harvested and ex ...200415048991
interaction of mannan-binding lectin with trichinella spiralis glycoproteins, a possible innate immune mechanism.complex and variable glycoconjugates presented by parasitic nematodes during infection are very important in the host-parasite interplay. predominantly carbohydrate-rich antigens are involved in the stimulation and modulation of the stage-specific immune response of the host. the non-specific innate immune system, however, acts as the first line of host defence against pathogens, before the appearance of antigen-specific responses. the functional entities of the innate system are lectins that re ...200315053775
foodborne and waterborne parasites.more than 72 species of protozoan and helminth parasites can reach humans by food and water, and most of these infections are zoonoses. some parasites show a cosmopolitan distribution, others a more restricted distribution due to their complex life cycles, which need the presence of one or more intermediate hosts. of this large number of pathogens, only toxoplasma gondii can be transmitted to humans by two different ways, i.e., by cysts present in infected meat and by oocysts contaminating food ...200315058817
[current problems of epidemiology and diagnosis of trichinosis in the european union and in poland].the paper reviews the current status of trichinellosis in poland and in europe. it aims to draw attention of polish sanitary, veterinary and health services to the new threats of the disease. additionally a revised approach to diagnosing trichinellosis is presented taking into account that it can be also caused by other then trichinella spiralis trichinella species.200315029829
[cloning and sequence analysis of a novel stage-specific cdna from adult trichinella spiralis].to clone a stage-specific novel cdna from 5 day-old adult worm (ad5) of trichinella spiralis.200314628346
[specimen preparation of trichinella spiralis larva capsule in striated muscle without stain]. 200314628380
bisphenol a promotes il-4 production by th2 cells.it has been proposed that estrogen plays an important role in modulating the th1/th2 cytokine balance. from this viewpoint, chemicals with estrogenic responses were expected to possess similar immunoregulatory roles which have not been defined to date. to address this, we studied the effects of one of the estrogenic chemicals, bisphenol a (bpa), on the in vitro production of th1 and th2 cytokines.200314646385
anthelminthic and antiallergic activities of mangifera indica l. stem bark components vimang and mangiferin.this study investigated the antiallergic and anthelmintic properties of vimang (an aqueous extract of mangifera indica family stem bark) and mangiferin (the major polyphenol present in vimang) administered orally to mice experimentally infected with the nematode, trichinella spiralis. treatment with vimang or mangiferin (500 or 50 mg per kg body weight per day, respectively) throughout the parasite life cycle led to a significant decline in the number of parasite larvae encysted in the musculatu ...200314669257
ifn-gamma-independent effects of il-12 during intestinal nematode infection.expulsion of the gastrointestinal nematode trichinella spiralis is associated with a pronounced mastocytosis mediated by a th2-type response involving il-4, il-10, and il-13. when exogenous ril-12 was administered to t. spiralis-infected nih mice, this resulted in significant suppression of intestinal mast cell responses, delayed worm expulsion, increased muscle larvae burdens, and a transient, but significant decrease in early th2 cytokine secretion. ril-12 treatment also altered chemokine expr ...200314500667
molecular identification of trichinella spiralis and trichinella britovi by diagnostic multiprimer large mitochondrial rrna amplification.trichinella parasites with different epidemiological features still occur in europe and four species of genus trichinella have been identified: t. spiralis, t. britovi, t. nativa and t. pseudospiralis. until now, two of them, t. spiralis and t. britovi, have been identified in poland. in our studies we selected sequence coding for large mitochondrial rrna (mt lrdna) as a genetic marker and developed a sensitive lrdna multiprimer pcr assay allowing for rapid identification of t. spiralis and t. b ...200314505042
the effect of herbal remedy on the development of trichinella spiralis infection in mice.the effect of alchinal (a complex preparation consisting of three substances: echinacea purpurea extract, allium sativum extract, cocoa) on the development of trichinella spiralis infection in mice was studied. the preparation was administered to the animals orally, twice a day in 30 microl doses for 10 days after infecting mice with trichinella larvae (500 larvae per mouse). it was demonstrated that after alchinal administration, the number of adult forms (10 dpi--days post infection) and muscu ...200314509349
synthesis and antiparasitic activity of albendazole and mebendazole analogues.albendazole (abz) and mebendazole (mbz) analogues have been synthesized and in vitro tested against the protozoa giardia lamblia, trichomonas vaginalis and the helminths trichinella spiralis and caenorhabditis elegans. results indicate that compounds 4a, 4b (abz analogues), 12b and 20 (mbz analogues) are as active as antiprotozoal agents as metronidazole against g. lamblia. compound 9 was 58 times more active than abz against t. vaginalis. compounds 8 and 4a also shown high activity against this ...200314527558
trichinellosis surveillance--united states, 1997-2001.trichinellosis is a parasitic disease caused by tissue-dwelling roundworms of the species trichinella spiralis. the organism is acquired by eating trichinella-infected meat products. the disease has variable clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic to fatal. in the united states, trichinellosis has caused hundreds of preventable cases of illness and occasional deaths. the national trichinellosis surveillance system has documented a steady decline in the reported incidence of this disea ...200314532870
tolerance to low temperatures of domestic and sylvatic trichinella spp. in rat muscle tissue.the present study was designed to investigate the tolerance to low temperatures of 9 trichinella isolates in rat muscle tissue. nine groups of 24 rats were infected with encapsulated trichinella spiralis, trichinella nativa, trichinella britovi, trichinella murrelli, trichinella t6, trichinella nelsoni, and 3 nonencapsulated trichinella pseudospiralis strains. six rats from each of the groups were necropsied at 5, 10, 20, and 40 wk postinfection (wpi). muscle tissues containing trichinella larva ...200314533685
biochemical analysis of encapsulated and non-encapsulated species of trichinella (nematoda, trichinellidae) from cold- and warm-blooded animals reveals a high genetic divergence in the genus.multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was used to analyse genetic variation in the genus trichinella. twenty-eight isolates belonging to eight species and six genotypes were analysed for 12 enzyme systems, producing 19 different phenotypes. according to jaccard's similarity index, the isolates clustered into two main groups, specifically, encapsulated species/genotypes and non-encapsulated species/genotypes. furthermore, the non-encapsulated species clustered into two other groups: the species infec ...200314557876
[the new agent g-1724: synthesis and test on murine models of trichuriasis and trichinosis].to search for new antihelminthics, the new compound n-[3-chloro-4-[(1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolyl) thio]phenyl]-2-hydroxy-3,5-dibromobenzamide (the agent g-1724) was synthesized and tested by using the models of trichocephaliasis (trichocephalus muris) and trichinosis (trichinella spiralis). the tests demonstrated that this agent had an nematocidal effect (71-78%).200314564844
nematocidal activity of nitazoxanide in laboratory models.the nematocidal activity of a broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent, nitazoxanide [( n-(5-nitrothiazol-2-gammal)salicylamide; ntz], was evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo models using caenorhabditis elegans, heligmosomoides polygyrus and trichinella spiralis. in vitro, ntz (100 mum) exhibited a low activity against c. elegans and had no effect on embryonation and hatching of h. polygyrus eggs. at concentrations of 100 and 50 mum, the inhibition of excretion/secretion of acetylcholinesterase and ...200314574563
polyunsaturated fatty acids and parasitism: effect of a diet supplemented with fish oil on the course of rat trichinellosis.dietary fish oil has a beneficial effect on heart and some bacterial diseases and apart from other effects, some studies have revealed their ability to modulate the course of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. the study here reported was designed to evaluate the possible influence of a fish oil supplement on the course of a trichinella infection. nutritional, parasitological and immunological parameters were analyzed. two groups of 20 wistar rats, one fed a standard diet and the other one a s ...200314597282
molecular cloning and expression of the full-length tropomyosin gene from trichinella spiralis.a clone, designated as tstm, was selected from the cdna library of newborn larvae (nbl) of trichinella spiralis through immunoscreening against infected sera. the clone contained a cdna transcript of 855 bp in length with a single open reading frame, which encoded 285-amino acids (33 kda in the estimated molecular weight). a sequence analysis revealed that the clone tstm encoded the full-length of tropomyosin gene. the phylogenetic analysis of the tropomyosin gene was in good agreement with the ...200312590666
up-regulation of the 31 kda dehydroascorbate reductase in the modified skeletal muscle cell (nurse cell) during trichinella spp. infection.ascorbic acid (aa) is an important factor of defence against oxidative stress. aa is maintained in the reduced functional form by glutathione (gsh)-dependent dehydroascorbate (dha) reducing enzymes, including the cytosolic glutaredoxin, the microsomal protein disulphide isomerase, and a dha reductase of 31 kda, hereafter referred to as dhar, purified from rat liver cytosol and human red cells. as these mechanisms have rarely been studied in parasites, we looked for the possible presence of this ...200313129525
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