Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| cloning and sequencing of the inulinase gene of kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus atcc 12424. | cell wall inulinase (ec 3.2.1.7) was purified from kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus (formerly k. fragilis) and its n-terminal 33-amino acid sequence was established. pcr amplification of cdna with 2 sets of degenerate primers yielded a genomic probe which was then used to screen a genomic library established in the yep351 yeast shuttle vector. one of the selected recombinant plasmids allowed an invertase-negative saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant to grow on inulin. it was shown to contain an ... | 1991 | 1840529 |
| synthesis and antifungal activity of some new benzimidazole derivatives. | synthesis and antifungal evaluation of 5-ethoxycarbonyl-2-(substituted-benzyl or phenoxymethyl)benzimidazoles are reported. structures of the compounds were elucidated with ir-, 1h-nmr-, 13c-nmr-, mass-spectra and elemental analysis. preliminary results show that none of the synthesized benzimidazole derivatives has antifungal activity at the concentration of 100 micrograms/ml against candida parapsilosis, candida stellatoidea, and candida pseudotropicalis. | 1991 | 1888265 |
| effects of growth temperature on toxicity of t-2 toxin and roridin a to yeast. | in yeasts, growth temperature is known to affect the membrane phospholipid content. the effect of temperature on the growth inhibition of kluyveromyces marxianus and saccharomyces cerevisiae by the trichothecene mycotoxins, t-2 toxin and roridin a, was investigated. examination of ec50 values for t-2 toxin and roridin a showed that these toxins were least inhibitory to both yeasts at 30 and 25 degrees c, respectively. increasing or decreasing growth temperature from these temperatures gradually ... | 1991 | 2043279 |
| high ethanol productivity from lactose by immobilized cells of kluyveromyces fragilis and zymomonas mobilis. | ethanol production from 200 g lactose/l by kluyveromyces fragilis immobilized in calcium alginate was 63 g/l whereas with co-immobilized k. fragilis and zymomonas mobilis 72 g ethanol/l was attained. with free cells of k. fragilis, only 52 g ethanol/l was obtained. the beads were relatively stable without significant reduction in activity for about six batches of fermentation. | 1991 | 24425196 |
| production of amylases by yeasts. | yeasts (228) isolated for natural habitats were screened for their ability to produce amylases in semisolid medium of wheat bran. strains of aureobasidium pullulans, candida famata, and candida kefyr showed high enzymatic activity for a-amylase, glucoamylase, and debranching enzyme. key words: aureobasidium, candida, amylolytic yeasts, a-amylase, glucoamylase. | 1990 | 22049934 |
| chemical composition of a mixture of single-cell protein obtained from kluyveromyces fragilis and whey proteins. | a mixture of kluyveromyces fragilis biomass and coagulated whey proteins was obtained by fermentation of whole whey. this product had a chemical composition similar to that of washed products reported in the literature with high-crude protein and low-ash contents. the product had a high content of sulphur-containing amino acids and tryptophan, which are usually limiting in yeast biomass. lysine content was inexplicably lower than the expected value, being the limiting amino acid in this case. th ... | 1990 | 2133184 |
| structure and properties of the extracellular inulinase of kluyveromyces marxianus cbs 6556. | in the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus two forms of inulinase were present, namely, an inulinase secreted into the culture fluid and an inulinase retained in the cell wall. both forms were purified and analyzed by denaturing and nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. with the use of endo-beta-n-acetyl-glucosaminidase h, it was established that the enzyme retained in the cell wall and the enzyme secreted into the culture fluid have similar subunits consisting of a 64-kda polypeptide with ... | 1990 | 2135869 |
| [chemical composition of the cellular biomass of yeasts]. | this work is aimed at analyzing yeast strains, possibly used in animal feeding, obtained by batch cultivation from cheese whey as main carbohydrated substrate. for that purpose 10 yeast strains selected for its biomass production capacity were chemically analyzed. from the results, it can be observed that the chemical composition of the strains is quiet variable, showing in all cases high protein content, good solubility and enzymatic digestibility. in all of them, the rna content is low, being ... | 1990 | 2136518 |
| continuous-culture study of the regulation of glucose and fructose transport in kluyveromyces marxianus cbs 6556. | regulation of transport of d-glucose and d-fructose was studied in kluyveromyces marxianus grown in continuous culture. both substrates could be transported by at least two different transport systems, low-affinity transport and high-affinity proton-sugar symport. the low-affinity transporter, specific for both glucose and fructose, was constitutively present and was apparently not regulated by carbon catabolite repression. regulation of the activity of the glucose- and fructose-specific proton ... | 1990 | 2160928 |
| effect of polymyxin b nonapeptide and polymyxin b sulphate on trichothecene mycotoxin sensitivity of yeasts using a conductimetric instrument. | the addition of polymyxin b sulphate (pbs), or an inactive by-product, polymyxin b nonapeptide (pbn) to a yeast bioassay system, increased its sensitivity to various toxic agents. the nil effect level (nel) of t-2 toxin was reduced from 0.1 to 0.01 microgram/ml for kluyveromyces fragilis gk 1005 in the presence of these agents when using a malthus at 192 conductimetric instrument. other synergistic agents (dmso, ethanol, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and triton x-100) gave poor results in the ... | 1990 | 2168726 |
| human immunodeficiency virus causes mononuclear phagocyte dysfunction. | there is compelling clinical evidence for dysfunction of the mononuclear phagocyte system in patients with aids, which is believed due in part to loss of t-cell cooperativity. the direct consequences of human immunodeficiency virus infection on macrophage function are unknown. to address this question we infected normal human macrophages in vitro with a monocytotropic strain of human immunodeficiency virus and performed assays to quantify their extra- and intracellular killing ability. human imm ... | 1990 | 2187195 |
| extraction, purification and characterization of adh1 from the budding yeast kluyveromyces marxianus. | the enzyme adh1 has been extracted and purified from the budding yeast kluyveromyces marxianus, and its enzymatic activity has been compared, with the adh1 extracted and purified in the same way from the well known yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. k. marxianus adh1 has an optimal temperature higher than the s. cerevisiae enzyme (45-50 degrees vs 35 degrees c), a better stability to ph variations in the oxidative reaction (ph optimum 7.5), a lower michaelis constant for acetaldehyde, and a good ca ... | 1990 | 2193901 |
| localization of inulinase and invertase in kluyveromyces species. | in vivo hydrolysis of inulin and sucrose was examined in selected yeasts of the genus kluyveromyces. cells, grown in sucrose-limited chemostat cultures, were subjected to treatments for the removal of inulinase, the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of both inulin and sucrose. the effects of these treatments were studied by measurement of inulin-dependent and sucrose-dependent oxygen consumption by cell suspensions. in kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus, inulinase was partially secreted ... | 1990 | 2268150 |
| the yeasts of cheese brines. | a total of 365 yeasts were isolated from the brines of soft, semihard and hard cheeses from different manufacturers. identification was based on 131 characteristics, primarily employing a method with microtitration plates. most brines exhibited a characteristic yeast flora. the predominant strains proved to be mainly debaryomyces hansenii and candida versatilis. in a few brines trichosporon beigelii, c. rugosa, c. intermedia, kluyveromyces marxianus, saccharomyces sp. and c. tenuis/polymorpha we ... | 1990 | 2282287 |
| interaction of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide with yeast cells. | the interaction of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (ctab) with two yeast cells, kluyveromyces fragilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been studied. strong binding of ctab to the cell was inferred from 1h and 13c nmr studies, the probable site of binding being the cell-surface. 13c and 31p nmr studies have indicated facilitation of free passage of molecules from outside to inside the cell and vice versa on treatment with ctab. 31p nmr studies showed that intracellular ph (phi) was affected ... | 1990 | 2354849 |
| modes of lactose uptake in the yeast species kluyveromyces marxianus. | twelve lactose-assimilating strains of the yeast species kluyveromyces marxianus and its varieties marxianus, lactis and bulgaricus were studied with respect to transport mechanisms for lactose, glucose and galactose, fermentation of these sugars and the occurrence of extracellular lactose hydrolysis. the strains fell into three groups. group i (two strains): fermentation of lactose, glucose and galactose, extracellular lactose hydrolysis, apparent facilitated diffusion of glucose and galactose; ... | 1990 | 2321931 |
| occurrence of the general control of amino acid biosynthesis in yeasts. | the response of three amino acid biosynthetic enzymes, threonine dehydratase, tyrosine aminotransferase and saccharopine dehydrogenase, to conditions of histidine, tryptophan or lysine limitation was investigated in 15 yeast species. the activities of all these enzymes increased about two- to fourfold as a result of action of the general control of amino acid biosynthesis in brettanomyces anomalus, candida maltosa, hansenula polymorpha, rhodosporidium toruloides, saccharomyces cerevisiae and yar ... | 1990 | 2338623 |
| discriminant analysis of cellular fatty acids of candida species, torulopsis glabrata, and cryptococcus neoformans determined by gas-liquid chromatography. | we used discriminant analysis of cellular fatty acid compositions determined by gas-liquid chromatography to differentiate yeastlike fungi (a total of 190 strains; including 37 candida albicans strains, 21 candida krusei strains, 13 candida guilliermondii strains, 37 candida tropicalis strains, 10 candida pseudotropicalis strains, 24 candida parapsilosis strains, 32 torulopsis glabrata strains, and 16 cryptococcus neoformans strains). previous results with a standard strain of c. albicans indica ... | 1990 | 2199515 |
| cloning, sequencing and analysis of expression of a butyrivibrio fibrisolvens gene encoding a beta-glucosidase. | the cloning, expression and nucleotide sequence of a 3.74 kb dna segment on pls215 containing a beta-glucosidase gene (bgla) from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c was investigated. the b. fibrisolvens bgla open reading frame (orf) of 2490 bp encoded a beta-glucosidase of 830 amino acid residues with a calculated mr of 91,800. in escherichia coli c600(pls215) cells the beta-glucosidase was localized in the cytoplasm and these cells produced an additional protein with an apparent mr of approximately ... | 1990 | 2262790 |
| the long-term effects of ethanol on immobilized cell reactor performance using k. fragilis. | the effects of ethanol on reactor performance were studied in a small, 5-cm packed height, "differential" type immobilized cell reactor. lactose utilizing yeast cells, kluyveromyces fragilis, were absorbed to a porous adsorbant sponge matrix in a gas continuous reactor. step changes in the feed ethanol concentration to the column (10-130 g/l) were used to test the reactor response over extended periods of time (about 30-50 h per dosage level) followed by a return to basal zero inlet ethanol feed ... | 1990 | 18595035 |
| automated hplc monitoring of broth components on bioreactors. | under proper operating conditions, a low dead volume continuous filtration module operated on biological broths (yeast and bacteria suspensions in stirred reactors) still fulfills the flow-rate requirements of an analytical apparatus (for example hplc or fia) without membrane regeneration. the filtrate stream has been successfully connected to a bioreactor in order to perform the automated hplc analysis of broth components. the monitoring of the carbon source (lactose), and minor products (glyce ... | 1989 | 18925256 |
| the use of cellulases from a beta-glucosidase-hyperproducing mutant of trichoderma reesei in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of wheat straw. | conidia of the cellulolytic strain trichoderma reesei f522 were mutagenized with uv irradiation and n-methyl|-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (ntg). a visual agar plate detection system was developed, using esculin and ferric ions, to identify mutants of t. reesei with increased beta-glucosidase activity. selected mutants were tested for production of extracellular cellulases in shake flasks on autohydrolyzed wheat straw as carbon source. the most active mutant v-7 showed about 6-times higher activi ... | 1989 | 18588028 |
| production of exopolysaccharide pullulan from inulin by a mixed culture of aureobasidium pullulans and kluyveromyces fragilis. | 1989 | 18587852 | |
| liquid culture of the entomogenous nematode steinernema feltiae with its bacterial symbiont. | the insect-parasitic nematode, steinernema feltiae filipjev strain 42, was reared in liquid culture along with its bacterial symbiont, xenorhabdus nematophilus thomas &poinar. first-stage juveniles developed into reproducing adults in a maintenance salts medium containing resuspended xenorhabdus cells and the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus (hansen) van der walt or cholesterol. cultures with media depths greater than 4 mm required aeration. nematode populations increased as bacterial density incre ... | 1989 | 19287644 |
| inhibition of yeast growth by octanoic and decanoic acids produced during ethanolic fermentation. | the inhibition of growth by octanoic or decanoic acids, two subproducts of ethanolic fermentation, was evaluated in saccharomyces cerevisiae and kluyveromyces marxianus in association with ethanol, the main product of fermentation. in both strains, octanoic and decanoic acids, at concentrations up to 16 and 8 mg/liter, respectively, decreased the maximum specific growth rate and the biomass yield at 30 degrees c as an exponential function of the fatty acid concentration and increased the duratio ... | 1989 | 16347826 |
| enhanced conversion of lactose to glycerol by kluyveromyces fragilis utilizing whey permeate as a substrate. | kluyveromyces fragilis (cbs 397) is a nonhalophilic yeast which is capable of lactose utilization from whey permeate and high glycerol production under anaerobic growth conditions. however, the optimum yields of glycerol (11.6 mg/ml of whey permeate medium) obtained in this study occurred only in the presence of 1% na(2)so(3) as a steering agent. the use of other concentrations of na(2)so(3), as well as 5% nacl and 1% ascorbic acid, had no or detrimental effects on cell growth, lactose utilizati ... | 1989 | 16347865 |
| lipid composition and lectin-mediated agglutination of candida kefyr cells grown in media enriched with choline or its analogues. | candida kefyr cells and their spheroplasts grown in media enriched with choline, n,n'-dimethylethanolamine (dmea) or ethanolamine (ea) showed decreased concanavalin a (con a) and ph to hemagglutinin (pha) mediated agglutination while supplementation with n-monomethylethanolamine (mmea) increased pha-mediated agglutination. in all cases, the amount of phospholipid was increased and, consequently, a decrease in the free sterol; phospholipid ratio was observed except in the case of mmea where this ... | 1989 | 2486007 |
| nucleotide sequence of the clostridium thermocellum bgib gene encoding thermostable beta-glucosidase b: homology to fungal beta-glucosidases. | the nucleotide sequence of the bglb gene, coding for the thermostable beta-glucosidase b of clostridium thermocellum was determined. the coding region of 2265 bp was identified by comparison with the n-terminal amino acid sequence of beta-glucosidase b purified from escherichia coli. the derived amino acid sequence corresponding to a polypeptide of mr 84,100 was confirmed by sequencing of the c-terminal peptide generated by cleavage with cyanogen bromide. the protein bears no resemblance to othe ... | 1989 | 2505054 |
| [the search for microorganisms sensitive to deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and aflatoxin b1]. | sensitivity to t-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol (dov), zearalenon (zl) and aflatoxin (at) b1 was comparatively studied in yeast strains saccharomyces fragilis 25 d, candida pseudotropicalis 44 nk and saccharomyces lactis bkmy-459, sensitive to t-2 toxin, and strain bacillus megaterium bkmb-44, sensitive to toxic metabolites of aspergillus species of fungi. minimum amounts of t-2 toxin inducing on silufol plates sites of the yeast strain growth suppression, comprised 20-50 ng, maximum sensitivity was re ... | 1989 | 2534250 |
| ammonium assimilation by candida albicans and other yeasts: evidence for activity of glutamate synthase. | activities and properties of the ammonium assimilation enzymes nadp+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), glutamate synthase (gogat) and glutamine synthetase (gs) were determined in batch and continuous cultures of candida albicans. nadp+-dependent gdh activity showed allosteric kinetics, with an s0.5 for 2-oxoglutarate of 7.5 mm and an apparent km for ammonium of 5.0 mm. gogat activity was affected by the buffer used for extraction and assay, but in phosphate buffer, kinetics were hyperboli ... | 1989 | 2575653 |
| polyphosphate synthesis in yeast. | polyphosphate synthesis was studied in phosphate-starved cells of saccharomyces cerevisiae and kluyveromyces marxianus. incubation of these yeasts for a short time with phosphate and either glucose or ethanol resulted in the formation of polyphosphate with a short chain length. with increasing incubation times, polyphosphates with longer chain lengths were formed. polyphosphates were synthesized faster during incubation with glucose than with ethanol. antimycin did not affect the glucose-induced ... | 1989 | 2643440 |
| restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial dna from candida parapsilosis and other candida species. | mitochondrial dna has been studied in a number of eukaryotic organisms. differences in inter- and intraspecies mitochondrial dna restriction patterns have been shown to be due to differences in nucleotide sequences and have been used to study evolutionary relationships and the mode of inheritance of the mitochondrial genome. a relatively rapid and efficient method for the extraction of mitochondrial dna from candida parapsilosis and other candida species was developed. zymolyase was used to indu ... | 1989 | 2665367 |
| induction of murine macrophage fungal killing by interleukin 3. | the effect of recombinant interleukin 3 (il-3) on the function of murine resident peritoneal macrophages was investigated. il-3 enhanced the phagocytosis of candida pseudotropicalis and candida albicans and enhanced killing of the former. the enhanced killing is inhibited by scavengers of oxygen radicals, suggesting that il-3 primes macrophages for enhanced oxidative metabolism in response to candida. | 1989 | 2788580 |
| [in vitro activity of fluconazole, a novel bistriazole antifungal agent]. | fluconazole is a novel triazole antifungal agent with excellent activities against a broad range of medically important fungi. the in vitro antifungal activities of fluconazole especially against candida albicans were examined and the results summarized as follows: 1. fluconazole was proved to exhibit the highest antifungal activity in synthetic amino-acid medium, fungal (saamf), well buffered in a physiologically neutral range. 2. in a exposed time-killing test performed using saamf (ph 7.4), t ... | 1989 | 2540356 |
| molecular probes for the detection of kluyveromyces marxianus chromosomal dna in electrophoretic karyotypes of intergeneric protoplast fusion products. | random genomic dna fragments from kluyveromyces marxianus were cloned in order to identify chromosomal bands in pulsed field electrophoresis patterns of intergneric hybrid strains which were obtained by protoplast fusion. molecular hybridization data indicated that the k. marxianus parental strain might be triploid, and it showed strong chromosome length polymorphism. we analyzed the karyotype of two saccharomyces cerevisiae/k. marxianus hybrid strains (st. 1.st.46) with our dna probes and with ... | 1989 | 2573327 |
| synthesis and biological activity of 6-acyl-3-substituted-2(3h)-benzoxazolones. | the preparation of a series of 6-acyl-3-substituted-2-(3h)-benzoxazolones is described. their structures have been elucidated by uv, ir, nmr, ms and elementary analysis. these compounds have been tested for their antimicrobial activities against to escherichia coli atcc 25922, staphylococcus aureus, atcc 25923, pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 27853, staphylococcus faecalis rskk 10541, candida parapsilosis, candida albicans, candida pseudotropicalis, candida stellatoidea. | 1989 | 2621552 |
| evaluation of cilofungin, a lipopeptide antifungal agent, in vitro against fungi isolated from clinical specimens. | cilofungin (ly121019) is a new lipopeptide antifungal drug. we tested this drug against 141 pathogenic fungal isolates. all fungal species were tested by broth dilution at 35 degrees c. malassezia furfur was tested by agar dilution. the results demonstrate the specificity of cilofungin activity. candida albicans, candida tropicalis, and malassezia pachydermatis were highly susceptible, whereas candida parapsilosis, candida pseudotropicalis, candida krusei, torulopsis glabrata, blastomyces dermat ... | 1989 | 2802565 |
| ester formation from ethanol by candida pseudotropicalis. | the production of ethanol, acetate ion and ethyl acetate from glucose by the yeast candida pseudotropicalis ncyc 143 was investigated under aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions. acetate and ethyl acetate only accumulated under aerobic conditions, whereas production of the alcohol was favoured by anaerobic conditions. ester production during aerobic growth was enhanced substantially by growth in iron-deficient media. possible conditions for optimising ester production from ethanol in dilute pr ... | 1989 | 2802574 |
| synthesis of some new mannich bases derived from 6-acyl-3-(3,5-dimethylpiperidinomethyl)-2(3h)-benzoxazolones+ ++ and their biological activities. | a number of 6-acyl-3-(3,5-dimethylpiperidinomethyl)-2(3h)-benzoxazolones have been synthesized by mannich reaction and their antibacterial and antifungal activities have been tested. their chemical structures have been proved by means of their ir, nmr, mass spectroscopic data and by elementary analysis. investigation of antimicrobial activity of compounds was done by tube dilution and paper disc techniques using bacteria (escherichia coli atcc 25922, staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923, pseudomonas ... | 1989 | 2818673 |
| lectin mediated agglutination of candida kefyr cells and their spheroplasts grown in sterol enriched growth medium and its correlation with lipid composition. | supplementation of the growth medium with erosterol, cholesterol and lanosterol enriched the candida kefyr cells, presumably cell membranes with sterols. sterol enriched c. kefyr cells showed a decrease in percentage of pha and con-a mediated agglutination. sterol supplementation also increased the sterol: phospholipid ratio and in such cells unsaturated fatty acids predominated over saturated ones. the overall effect of these changes resulted in rigidifying the cell membranes as indicated by sh ... | 1988 | 2467528 |
| lysosomal enzyme release from macrophages: a model of food yeast toxicity evaluation. | the role of lysosomal enzyme released by macrophages was examined in relation to the toxic effect caused by food yeast. mouse peritoneal macrophages exposed to yeast in culture showed marked release of n-acetyl glucosaminidase, beta-galactosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase below the median lethal dose (ld50). ld50 was measured from the dose response curves of the cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase enzyme. saccharomyces cerevisiae showed the highest ld50 followed by kluyveromyces fragilis and cand ... | 1988 | 3076734 |
| mitochondrial dna of the yeast kluyveromyces: guanine-cytosine rich sequence clusters. | mitochondrial dna from the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus var. lactis (k.lactis) is a circular molecule of 39 kilobase-pairs. a genetic and physical map was constructed. we found that this genome contained a large number of guanine-cytosine (gc)-rich sequence clusters, many of which are characterized by the presence of sacii restriction sites (ccgcgg). the primary sequence of the gc clusters often showed a palindromic structure. these gc clusters were present in several varieties of k.marxianus, ... | 1988 | 2843818 |
| ofage banding patterns of different yeast genera and of intergeneric hybrids. | electrophoretic karyotypes of yeasts belonging to the species saccharomyces cerevisiae, kluyveromyces marxianus and candida macedoniensis were established by means of ofage. hybrids between s. cerevisiae and k. marxianus as well as between k. marxianus and c. macedoniensis were analyzed by comparing their ofage-banding-pattern with the parental banding-patterns. thus, evidence for exchanges of intact chromosomes and for chromosomal rearrangements could be gained on a molecular level. | 1988 | 3057175 |
| the promoter of the beta-glucosidase gene from kluyveromyces fragilis contains sequences that act as upstream repressing sequences in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the relationship between the promoter length of the kluyveromyces fragilis beta-glucosidase gene and the level of its expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied by gene fusion between deleted promoter fragments of various lengths and the promoterless beta-galactosidase gene of escherichia coli. the removal of a region from position -425 to -232 led to a tenfold increase in the expression of the gene. the same results were obtained for the reconstructed beta-glucosidase gene with the same ... | 1988 | 3146687 |
| in situ assay of intracellular enzymes of yeast (kluyveromyces fragilis) by digitonin permeabilization of cell membrane. | the yeast, kluyveromyces fragilis was permeabilized to a number of low-molecular-weight substrates using digitonin. the activities of intracellular yeast enzymes, viz., alcohol dehydrogenase (adh), beta-galactosidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, aspartase, and hexokinase were found to be much higher in the permeabilized cells than the untreated cells. the optimum conditions for permeabilization with reference to adh were 0.1% digitonin at 37 degrees c for 15 min. the adh activity in perme ... | 1988 | 3149161 |
| regulation of sugar transport systems of kluyveromyces marxianus: the role of carbohydrates and their catabolism. | in kluyveromyces marxianus grown on a glucose-containing synthetic medium four different sugar transporters have been identified. in cells, harvested during the exponential phase, only the constitutive glucose/fructose carrier, probed with 6-deoxy-d-glucose or sorbose, appeared to be active. in cells from the stationary phase three proton symporters can be active, recognizing 6-deoxyglucose (a glucose/galactose carrier), sorbose (a fructose carrier) and galactosides (lactose carrier), respective ... | 1988 | 3355832 |
| impairment of insulin assimilation and beta-fructosidase activity due to a petite mutation in kluyveromyces marxianus. | a respiratory deficient mutant of kluyveromyces fragilis was isolated using ethidium bromide mutagenesis. it was characterized by a loss of cytochromes a + a3 and deficiency in cytochrome b. this petite mutant has brought about modifications in the excretion pattern of beta-fructosidase active on saccharose and inulin. the mutant practically no longer excretes the enzyme, and is incapable of growth and fermentation in the presence of inulin. the study of the activities of different enzyme extrac ... | 1988 | 3395109 |
| influence of calcium ion on ethanol tolerance of saccharomyces bayanus and alcoholic fermentation by yeasts. | the addition of ca (as cacl(2)) in optimal concentrations (0.75 to 2.0 mm) to a fermentation medium with a trace contaminating concentration of ca (0.025 mm) led to the rapid production of higher concentrations of ethanol by saccharomyces cerevisiae, saccharomyces bayanus, and kluyveromyces marxianus. the positive effect of calcium supplementation (0.75 mm) on alcoholic fermentation by s. bayanus was explained by the increase in its ethanol tolerance. the ethanol inhibition of growth and ferment ... | 1988 | 16347754 |
| ethanol-induced leakage in saccharomyces cerevisiae: kinetics and relationship to yeast ethanol tolerance and alcohol fermentation productivity. | ethanol stimulated the leakage of amino acids and 260-nm-light-absorbing compounds from cells of saccharomyces cerevisiae. the efflux followed first-order kinetics over an initial period. in the presence of lethal concentrations of ethanol, the efflux rates at 30 and 36 degrees c were an exponential function of ethanol concentration: k(e) = k(e)e, where k(e) and k(e) are the efflux rate constants, respectively, in the presence of a concentration x of ethanol or the minimal concentration of ethan ... | 1988 | 16347612 |
| production, distribution, and kinetic properties of inulinase in continuous cultures of kluyveromyces marxianus cbs 6556. | from a screening of several kluyveromyces strains, the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus cbs 6556 was selected for a study of the parameters relevant to the commercial production of inulinase (ec 3.2.1.7). this yeast exhibited superior properties with respect to growth at elevated temperatures (40 to 45 degrees c), substrate specificity, and inulinase production. in sucrose-limited chemostat cultures growing on mineral medium, the amount of enzyme decreased from 52 u mg of cell dry weight at d = 0.1 ... | 1988 | 16347626 |
| the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of pretreated wheat straw to ethanol. | autohydrolysis and ethanol-alkali pulping were used as pretreatment methods of wheat straw for its subsequent saccharification by trichoderma reesei cellulase. the basic hydrolysis parameters, i.e., reaction time, ph, temperature, and enzyme and substrate concentration, were optimized to maximize sugar yields from ethanol-alkali modified straw. thus, a 93% conversion of 2.5% straw material to sugar syrup containing 73% glucose was reached in 48 h using 40 filter paper units/g hydrolyzed substrat ... | 1988 | 18587784 |
| improvements in ethanol tolerance of kluyveromyces fragilis in jerusalem artichoke juice. | alcoholic fermentation of jerusalem artichoke juice, a natural complex medium, allowed the production of 13% (v/v) ethanol utilizing an inulin-fermenting strain of kluyveromyces fragilis, strongly sensitive to ethanol. however, the fermentation of a simple medium with a similar concentration of fermentable sugars (235 g/l) as saccharose stopped prematurely when only 7% (v/v) ethanol had been produced. differences in the two fermentation profiles were attributed to the significantly lower ethanol ... | 1988 | 18584667 |
| isolation of a respiratory-deficient kluyveromyces fragilis mutant for the production of ethanol from jerusalem artichoke. | a respiratory-deficient, mutant of kluyveromyces fragilis was isolated using a ethidium bromide mutagenesis. it was characterized by a loss of cytochromes a + a3 and by an improvement of its inulinase activity. under anaerobic conditions this mutant was always better than the wild strain for ethanol production especially from jerusalem artichoke extracts containing large amounts of high polyfructosans ("early" extracts). | 1987 | 18576530 |
| the effect of temperature and ph on ethanol production by free and immobilized cells of kluyveromyces marxianus grown on jerusalem artichoke extract. | the effect of temperature and ph on the kinetics of ethanol production by free and calcium alginate immobilized cells of kluyveromyces marxianus grown on jerusalem artichoke extract was investigated. with the free cells, the ethanol and biomass yields were relatively constant over the temperature range 25-35 degrees c, but dropped sharply beyond 35 degrees c. other kinetic parameters, specific growth rate, specific ethanol production rate, and specific total sugar uptake rate were maximum at 35 ... | 1987 | 18581313 |
| monocyte-macrophage (m-m) functions in asymptomatic hemophiliacs and supertransfused thalassemics. | patients suffering from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) succumb to opportunistic infections due to a generalized failure of their cell-mediated immune defenses. the monocyte-macrophage (m-m) system plays an important role in host defense against viruses, protozoa, mycobacteria, and tumours, all potentially involved in the terminal stages of aids. we studied m-m functions in 55 asymptomatic hemophiliacs, 20 supertransfused thalassemics, and 9 von willebrand's syndrome patients over a p ... | 1987 | 3498605 |
| [antibacterial and antifungal compounds. viii. synthesis and antifungal activity of pyrrol derivatives similar to trichostatin a]. | some p-methylbenzolpyrrole acrylic acids and related compounds were synthesized. the new pyrrole derivatives have structural features in common with trichostatin a, an antifungal antibiotic. the above acids and derivatives were tested against candida albicans and candida sp in comparison with miconazole, pyrrolnitrin and amphotericin b and showed very weak antifungal activities. occasionally some activity was found against a few strains of candida albicans and against candida pseudotropicalis. | 1987 | 3329612 |
| kluyveromyces fragilis ss-437: an associatively-profiled thermotolerant yeast. | the lactose-utilizing kluyveromyces fragilis ss-437 was found to have an associative temperature profile, but a thermotolerant growth yield behaviour. cardinal growth temperatures were: 3 degrees c minimum for growth; 41.5 degrees c optimum; 44.5 degrees c final maximum (growth and death rates equalize); 46.1 degrees c initial maximum (maximum limit for growth). | 1987 | 3662480 |
| characterization of low- and high-affinity glucose transports in the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus. | glucose transport in the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus proceeds by two functionally and presumably structurally distinct transporters depending on the carbon source of the culture medium. in lactose-grown cells, glucose was taken up through a high-affinity h+-sugar symporter (km = 0.09 mm), whereas a low-affinity transporter (km = 3.5 mm) was utilized in glucose-grown cells. the two transporters exhibited different substrate specificities. galactose was demonstrated to be a selective substrate o ... | 1987 | 3663655 |
| [optimizing conditions for the discontinuous production of unicellular protein using whey]. | the cheese whey is one of the most important effluents which is being disposed off in our area. that is why the study for optimizing conditions in the process of recovering whey to produce protein biomass in a batch fermenter was undertaken. a yeast strain (kluyveromyces marxianus var. lactis) was propagated on a medium based on whey from cheese making plants, the following conditions for cell development being optimized: temperature, ph and initial concentration of lactose. a methodology based ... | 1987 | 3685391 |
| comparison of the properties of the purified beta-glucosidase from the transformed strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae tykf2 with that of the donor strain kluyveromyces fragilis y610. | saccharomyces cerevisiae tykf2 was obtained by cloning in s. cerevisiae the gene coding for beta-glucosidase in kluyveromyces fragilis y610 (atcc 12424). the beta-glucosidases of both organisms were purified and their biochemical characteristics were determined. the two beta-glucosidases had the same enzymatic properties as those previously described in the literature. the strain s. cerevisiae tykf2 is able to produce enhanced amounts of enzyme. | 1987 | 3314909 |
| the role of atp in the control of h+-galactoside symport in the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus. | transport of methyl beta-d-thiogalactoside and p-nitrophenyl beta-d-galactoside is shown to proceed through the h+-lactose symporter of kluyveromyces marxianus. uptake of these compounds is strongly reduced under anaerobic conditions or aerobically in the presence of antimycin. it is shown that antimycin treatment affects p-nitrophenyl beta-d-galactoside uptake in a similar way as it affects the cellular amount of atp, suggesting regulation of p-nitrophenyl beta-d-galactoside transport by atp. a ... | 1987 | 3036099 |
| sequence and transcription of the beta-glucosidase gene of kluyveromyces fragilis cloned in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the beta-glucosidase gene of kluyveromyces fragilis has been determined. this sequence contains an open reading frame of 2535 base pairs encoding a protein of 845 amino acids. analysis of the transcription products revealed only one transcript of about 3 kb identical in both kluyveromyces fragilis and in the expression host saccharomyces cerevisiae. the protein molecular weight of 93,811 kd deduced from the sequence is consistent with the 90,000 kd determined ... | 1987 | 2835179 |
| predictive value of surveillance cultures for systemic infection due to candida species. | weekly fungal surveillance cultures (1,542 cultures) of urine (475), stool (520) and oropharyngeal (547) specimens from 111 patients on the bone marrow transplant and hematologic malignancy services were analyzed. forty-three percent of the patients were colonized by candida albicans and 10.8% by candida tropicalis. there were 22 proven systemic fungal infections, ten due to candida albicans, eight to candida tropicalis, one each to candida pseudotropicalis and torulopsis glabrata, and two to as ... | 1987 | 3326742 |
| molecular probe for identification of medically important candida species and torulopsis glabrata. | a cloned dna fragment from candida albicans containing the gene for the protein actin was used to probe the molecular structure of the actin gene of several medically important yeasts (c. albicans, candida stellatoidea, candida tropicalis, candida pseudotropicalis, candida krusei, candida parapsilosis, candida guilliermondii, and torulopsis glabrata). whole-cell dna from each species was digested with restriction endonucleases, electrophoresed on agarose gels, and transferred to nitrocellulose. ... | 1987 | 3033014 |
| early defect of phagocytic cell function in subjects at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | we studied the functions of peripheral blood monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells in 15 apparently healthy homosexual men, eight homosexual or bisexual subjects with unexplained generalized lymphadenopathies (pre-aids), four homosexual men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), and 15 heterosexual men. in comparison with normal controls, the homosexual groups studied presented a decreased monocyte candidacidal activity for candida pseudotropicalis that gradually deteriorates as the cli ... | 1986 | 3018916 |
| mitochondrial introns as mobile genetic elements: the role of intron-encoded proteins. | introns of organelle genes share distinctive rna secondary structures that allow their classification into two known families. these structures are believed to play an essential role in splicing, and members of both structural classes have recently been shown to perform self-splicing reactions in vitro. in lower eukaryotes, many structured introns also contain long internal open reading frames (orfs), which are able to code for hydrophilic proteins. several properties of self-splicing structured ... | 1986 | 3032144 |
| biosynthesis regulation of the beta-glucosidase produced by a yeast strain transformed by genetic engineering. | the biosynthesis of the beta-glucosidase enzyme was studied in a transformed yeast obtained by cloning in saccharomyces cerevisiae the structural gene coding for beta-glucosidase in kluyveromyces fragilis. the enzyme biosynthesis was found to be non-adaptative, and repressed by glucose. these features are similar to those observed in k. fragilis. beta-glucosidase activity in the transformed yeast was much higher than in k. fragilis. we attempted to ferment cellobiose with the transformed yeast: ... | 1986 | 3099720 |
| immunological homologies between ribosomal proteins amongst lower eukaryotes. | polyclonal antibodies were raised against the purified ribosomal proteins l1 and l2, the 5s rrna binding protein l3, all from saccharomyces cerevisiae, and against l1 and l2 from schizosaccharomyces pombe (numbering according to otaka and osawa 1981; otaka et al. 1983, respectively). for clarity prefixes sc and sp have been added to the numbering of proteins derived from s. cerevisiae and s. pombe, respectively. ribosomal proteins from these yeasts and from kluyveromyces marxianus, rhodotorula g ... | 1986 | 3327609 |
| studies on the flocculation characteristics of kluyveromyces marxianus. | 1986 | 18555325 | |
| construction of lactose-assimilating and high-ethanol-producing yeasts by protoplast fusion. | the availability of a yeast strain which is capable of fermenting lactose and at the same time is tolerant to high concentrations of ethanol would be useful for the production of ethanol from lactose. kluyveromyces fragilis is capable of fermenting lactose, but it is not as tolerant as saccharomyces cerevisiae to high concentrations of ethanol. in this study, we have used the protoplast fusion technique to construct hybrids between auxotrophic strains of s. cerevisiae having high ethanol toleran ... | 1986 | 16346992 |
| high-efficiency carbohydrate fermentation to ethanol at temperatures above 40 degrees c by kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus isolated from sugar mills. | a number of yeast strains, isolated from sugar cane mills and identified as strains of kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus, were examined for their ability to ferment glucose and cane syrup to ethanol at high temperatures. several strains were capable of rapid fermentation at temperatures up to 47 degrees c. at 43 degrees c, >6% (wt/vol) ethanol was produced after 12 to 14 h of fermentation, concurrent with retention of high cell viability (>80%). although the type strain (cbs 712) of k. marx ... | 1986 | 16347089 |
| optimizing alcohol production from whey using computer technology. | this study was undertaken with the major goal of optimizing the ethanol production from whey using computer technology. to reach this goal, a mathematical model that would describe the fermentation and that could be used for the optimization was developed. kluyveromyces fragilis was the microorganism used to ferment the lactose in the whey into ethanol. preliminary studies showed that k. fragilis produced about 90% of the theoretical ethanol yield when grown in whey-complemented media. however, ... | 1985 | 18553706 |
| comparison between immobilized kluyveromyces fragilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae coimmobilized with beta-galactosidase, with respect to continuous ethanol production from concentrated whey permeate. | kluyveromyces fragilis immobilized in calcium alginate gel was compared to saccharomyces cerevisiae coimmobilized with beta-galactosidase, for continuous ethanol production from whey permeate in packed-bed-type columns. four different whey concentrations were studied, equivalent to 4.5, 10, 15, and 20% lactose, respectively. in all cases the coimmobilized preparation produced more ethanol than k. fragilis. the study went on for more than 5 weeks. k. fragilis showed a decline in activity after 20 ... | 1985 | 18553758 |
| arrangement of genes trp1 and trp3 of saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. | the tryptophan biosynthetic genes trp1 and trp3 and partly also trp2 and trp4 have been compared by the technique of southern hybridization and enzyme measurements in twelve wild isolates of saccharomyces cerevisiae from natural sources of different continents, in the commonly used laboratory strain s. cerevisiae x2180-1a and in a kluyveromyces marxianus strain. we could classify these strains into four groups, which did not correlate with their geographical distribution. in no case are the trp3 ... | 1985 | 2998296 |
| [various characteristics of growth kinetics and exohydrolase synthesis in aspergillus foetidus and zygofabospora marxiana]. | the kinetics of growth and synthesis of exohydrolases (polygalacturonases and proteinases) were studied in aspergillus foetidus and zygofabospora marxiana. the processes of growth and synthesis of polygalacturonases were found to be shifted in time. endopolymethylgalacturonase of the micromycete and endopolygalacturonase of the yeast are not accumulated in the cells, but are mainly secreted into the growth medium. the maximal value of polygalacturonase bound to the cell coincides with the maxima ... | 1985 | 3892247 |
| simplified bioassay method for measurement of flucytosine or ketoconazole. | a simple agar-well diffusion bioassay suitable for measurement of flucytosine or ketoconazole was developed by using candida pseudotropicalis atcc 46764 as the assay organism. a test medium composed of (per liter) 7 g of trypticase peptone, 7 g of ynb (yeast-nitrogen base), 15 g of glucose, and 15 g of agar was seeded with an inoculum which had been grown to no. 2 mcfarland turbidity after 4 to 6 h in ynb-glucose broth. determinations of flucytosine or ketoconazole were performed without necessi ... | 1985 | 4031030 |
| transfer of dna killer plasmids from kluyveromyces lactis to kluyveromyces fragilis and candida pseudotropicalis. | killer plasmids pgkl1 and pgkl2 of double-stranded linear dnas were transferred from kluyveromyces lactis to strains of kluyveromyces fragilis and candida pseudotropicalis. the resultant killer strains produced 17-fold and 6-fold larger amounts of killer toxin than k. lactis did, respectively. the killer toxin produced by each species appeared to be a glycoprotein. | 1985 | 4066615 |
| [alcoholic fermentation of inulin by various strains of yeasts]. | strains of fourteen species of yeasts able to ferment inulin without previous chemical or physical hydrolysis were studied on semi-synthetic medium by evaluation of co2 production under anaerobic conditions. among them, kluyveromyces cicerisporus, candida macedoniensis and candida utilis showed the best kinetic characteristics of fermentation. experiments were carried out to specify the action of different parameters such as temperature, ph and exogenous ethanol concentration. the results obtain ... | 1985 | 4083830 |
| effect of mycolase and amphotericin b on candida albicans and candida pseudotropicalis in vitro and in vivo. | a mixture of enzymes (mycolase) capable of lysing yeast cell walls was prepared from culture filtrates of physarum polycephalum. the enzymes present in mycolase included chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanases and exo-glycosidases. the ph optima of these enzymes were in the range 3.5-5.0 and they had low activities at ph 7.0. mycolase produced spheroplasts from candida pseudotropicalis and, unlike commercial enzyme preparations such as l1, chitinase, beta, 1,3-glucanase and beta-glucosidase, had some can ... | 1985 | 3895468 |
| normalization of monocyte candidacidal deficiency by cyclooxygenase inhibitors in hodgkin's disease. | in a previous work, the authors found that the peripheral blood monocytes from patients with hodgkin's disease (hd) had depressed lytic capability to kill candida pseudotropicalis and depressed phagocytic function. the aim of this study was to evaluate if cyclooxygenase inhibitors could correct the defective macrophage functions. fifteen untreated patients with hd and 10 normal subjects were studied. the incubation of the cells from the patients with hd with indomethacin (im) at 1, 3, and 10 mic ... | 1985 | 3922613 |
| growth of bacteria on chitin, fungal cell walls and fungal biomass, and the effect of extracellular enzymes produced by these cultures on the antifungal activity of amphotericin b. | vibrio alginolyticus, streptomyces griseus, arthrobacter g12, bacillus sp. and cytophaga sp. were grown on solid and liquid media containing soluble and insoluble carbon sources. arthrobacter g12, bacillus sp. and cytophaga sp. grew well on media which contained fungal cell walls or fungal biomass as the main carbon source. all bacteria produced extracellular proteases and all bacteria except arthrobacter g12 produced extracellular chitinases. growth of cytophaga sp. on colloidal chitin was para ... | 1985 | 3929028 |
| evaluation of the new mycotube test-kit for yeast identification. | the performance of a modified mycotube test for the identification of yeasts was evaluated using standard biochemical tests as reference. one hundred and eighty strains belonging to 12 medically important species (15 strains each) were tested. the overall rate of identification was 72%, and rose to 87.8% when macroscopic and microscopic morphologic features were also considered; a 100% rate was obtained with candida albicans, candida krusei, candida parapsilosis, candida pseudotropicalis, candid ... | 1985 | 3886377 |
| cloning and expression of the structural gene for beta-glucosidase of kluyveromyces fragilis in escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae. | cellobiose, the last product in cellulose degradation, is converted into two molecules of glucose by a beta-glucosidase. s. cerevisiae does posses the structural gene for a beta-glucosidase, but it is very poorly expressed; we thus decided to isolate and characterize that of kluyveromyces fragilis. we constructed in e. coli hb101 strain a genomic library of the kluyveromyces fragilis y610 strain (atcc 12424), a yeast able to grow on cellobiose and which constitutively produces the beta-glucosida ... | 1984 | 6092839 |
| purification and phosphorylation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from kluyveromyces fragilis. | fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from the yeast kluyveromyces fragilis was found to have an apparent mr = 155,000 and to be composed of four mr = 35,000 subunits. the extent and rate of phosphorylation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (fru-1,6-p2) by yeast camp-dependent protein kinase were dependent on fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase inhibitors, 5'-amp and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (fru-2,6-p2). in the absence of inhibitor, the enzyme was slowly phosphorylated with a maximum incorporation of 1 mol of phos ... | 1984 | 6086609 |
| survey of sensitivity of twelve yeast genera toward t-2 toxin. | a survey was made to detect the sensitivity of 12 yeast genera to t-2 toxin. seventy-five yeasts isolated from various sources were tested for their susceptibility to t-2 toxin. the mic of t-2 for these yeasts varied from 1.0 to greater than 8.0 micrograms/ml. of the yeasts studied, kluyveromyces fragilis showed the greatest sensitivity, which ranged between 0.5 and 2.5 micrograms of t-2 toxin per ml of culture medium. the roles of incubation temperature, size of the inoculum, and incubation tim ... | 1984 | 6385850 |
| catabolite repression in yeasts is not associated with low levels of camp. | relationship between levels of camp and catabolite repression in yeasts has been investigated. strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae, schizosaccharomyces pombe and kluyveromyces fragilis were used. the yeasts were grown on different carbon sources to attain various degrees of repression. galactose repressed as much as glucose, while maltose was less effective. full derepression was achieved with ethanol. the enzymes tested were fructose-bisphosphatase, malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase ... | 1984 | 6327308 |
| in vitro effect of mycobacterium leprae suspensions on the polymorphonuclear neutrophils function of hanseniasis patients to candida albicans and candida pseudotropicalis. | the in vitro effect of mycobacterium leprae suspensions on the pmn ability to phagocytizing and killing candida albicans and candida pseudotropicalis was studied in forty-five patients of hansen's disease and in fifteen healthy controls. our results show no significative differences between the different studied groups, both for the phagocytosis and for the lysis of yeasts. there was no significant changes in the mean values of these functions after previous or simultaneously incubation with myc ... | 1984 | 6400664 |
| the cell wall-associated inulinase of kluyveromyces fragilis. | the yeast kluyveromyces fragilis (atcc 12424) was grown on a 2% inulin-1% yeast extract medium for 36 h and subsequently fixed with 0.5% glutaraldehyde. the glutaraldehyde treatment did not affect the beta-fructofuranosidase (inulinase, ec 3.2.1.7) activity of the cells but it did make the cells resistant to chemical and physical treatments that normally release beta-fructofuranosidase from untreated cells. the enzyme in the treated cells exhibited km values for sucrose and raffinose identical t ... | 1984 | 6441514 |
| development of hodgkin's disease in the course of liver cirrhosis and impaired monocyte function. | the monocyte function, as measured by phagocytosis and killing of candida albicans and candida pseudotropicalis by peripheral blood monocytes, was found impaired in a patient with cirrhosis of the liver on two separate determinations before the occurrence of bleeding from oesophageal varices. unexpectedly, hodgkin's disease was diagnosed in enlarged abdominal lymph nodes found on the occasion of an emergency portocaval shunt operation. | 1984 | 6463000 |
| candida pseudotropicalis fungemia and invasive disease in an immunocompromised patient. | a case of candida pseudotropicalis fungemia and invasive disease in an immunocompromised patient is reported. multiple blood cultures taken over a 2-week period were positive, and histopathological slides of postmortem spleen and kidney tissue showed tissue invasion by the organism. the source of the yeast infection was determined to be the urinary tract. this is the first report of c. pseudotropicalis fungemia documented by culture. | 1984 | 6511866 |
| transformation of kluyveromyces fragilis. | for the transformation of the yeast species kluyveromyces fragilis, we have constructed a vector containing a bacterial kanamycin resistance (kmr) gene, the trp1 gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae, and an autonomously replicating sequence of kluyveromyces lactis called kars2 . by utilizing the method based on treatment by alkali cations and with the kmr gene as the selective marker, a wild-type strain of k. fragilis was transformed to resistance against the antibiotic g418 . in the transformed cel ... | 1984 | 6327630 |
| enzymatic hydrolysis of inulin to fructose by glutaraldehyde fixed yeast cells. | inulin, a polyfruction, is found as the reserve carbohydrate in the roots and tubers of various plants (i.e. jerusalem artichoke, chicory, and dahlia tubers). the beta-fructofuranosidase (inulase) from the yeast kluyveromyces fragilis is of interest because of its industrial potential in fructose syrup and alcohol production from inulin containing plants. we have found that the inulase of k. fragilis can be immobilized in the yeast cells by glutaraldehyde treatment. these cells are resistant to ... | 1984 | 18553476 |
| ethanol from whey: continuous fermentation with cell recycle. | the production of ethanol from cheese whey lactose has been demonstrated using a single-stage continuous culture fermentation with 100% cell recycle. in a two-step process, an aerobic fed batch operation was used initially to allow biomass buildup in the absence of inhibitory ethanol concentrations. in the anaerobic ethanol-producing second step, a strain of kluyveromyces fragilis selected on the basis of batch fermentation data had a maximum productivity of 7.1 g ethanol/l/h at a dilution rate ... | 1984 | 18551577 |
| conversion of cheese whey to single-cell protein. | thirteen yeast species belonging to nine genera were screened for the production of single-cell protein (scp) using cheese whey as the substrate. cheese whey supplemented with minerals and yeast extract proved to the best medium for yield, lactose utilization, biomass production, and conversion efficiency. production of beta-galactosidase was studied in brettanomyces anomalus, kluyveromyces fragilis, trichosporon cutaneum, and wingea robertsii; the last proved to be the best strain combining hig ... | 1983 | 18548695 |
| temperature profiles of ethanol tolerance: effects of ethanol on the minimum and the maximum temperatures for growth of the yeasts saccharomyces cerevisiae and kluyveromyces fragilis. | 1983 | 18551450 | |
| the ejector-loop fermenter: description and performance of the apparatus. | a novel fermentation unit, the ejector-loop fermenter (elf), consisting of an outer-loop tower fermenter, a centrifugal pump, a plate-heat exchanger, and a gas-liquid ejector, was designed and constructed. aeration was achieved by continuously recirculating the fermentation medium through two different nozzle devices instead of using the traditional expensive air compressor. by carrying out a whey fermentation with kluyveromyces fragilis as the test organism, either in the elf or in conventional ... | 1983 | 18548625 |
| production of biomass and beta-d-galactosidase by candida pseudotropicalis grown in continuous culture on whey. | the production of biomass and beta-d-galactosidase by the lactose-utilizing yeast candida pseudotropicalis ncyc 744 in whey medium was studied. apparent optimization of growth conditions and medium was done in continuous culture. optimal ph and temperature were 2.6 and 36-38 degrees c, respectively, limitations in cu, zn, and possibly mn were detected in deproteinized whey medium. additions of tryptophan stimulated growth of the yeast. under optimal conditions in medium supplemented with excess ... | 1983 | 18548764 |
| ethanol production from fodder beets. | various yeasts such as two strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae, saccharomyces diastaticus, and kluyveromyces marxianus were investigated for their ability to ferment fodder beet juice to alcohol. juice extracted from fodder beet roots without any additives was used as a fermentation substrate. the fermentation kinetic parameters were determined and compared for each species of yeast tested. the best species for fodder beet juice fermentation was chosen and products obtained by fermentation of on ... | 1983 | 18551478 |
| fuel ethanol and high protein feed from corn and corn-whey mixtures in a farm-scale plant. | distiller's wet grain (dwg) and 95% ethanol were produced from corn in a farm-scale process involving batch cooking-fermentation and continuous distillation-centrifugation. the energy balance was 2.26 and the cost was $1.86/gal (1981 cost). to improve the energy balance and reduce costs, various modifications were made in the plant. the first change, back-end (after liquefaction) serial recycling of stillage supernatant at 20 and 40% strengths, produced beers with 0.2 and 0.4% (v/v) more ethanol ... | 1983 | 18574812 |
| effect of sugar concentration in jerusalem artichoke extract on kluyveromyces marxianus growth and ethanol production. | the effect of inulin sugars concentration on the growth and ethanol production by kluyveromyces marxianus ucd (fst) 55-82 was studied. a maximum ethanol concentration of 102 g/liter was obtained from 250 g of sugars per liter initial concentration. the maximum specific growth rate varied from 0.44 h at 50 g of sugar per liter to 0.13 h at 300 g of sugar per liter, whereas the ethanol yield remained almost constant at 0.45 g of ethanol per g of sugars utilized. | 1983 | 16346222 |