Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted descending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
growth of wheat and lettuce and enzyme activities of soils under garlic stalk decomposition for different durations.garlic (allium sativum l.) stalk is a byproduct of garlic production that is normally thought of as waste but is now considered a useful biological resource. it is necessary to utilize this resource efficiently and reasonably to reduce environmental pollution and achieve sustainable agricultural development.201627753097
involvement of fungal pectin methylesterase activity in the interaction between fusarium graminearum and wheat.the genome of fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of fusarium head blight of wheat, contains two putative pectin methylesterase (pme)-encoding genes. however, when grown in liquid culture containing pectin, f. graminearum produces only a single pme, which was purified and identified. its encoding gene, expressed during wheat spike infection, was disrupted by targeted homologous recombination. two δpme mutant strains lacked pme activity but were still able to grow on highly methyl-esterified p ...201626713352
host-preferential fusarium graminearum gene expression during infection of wheat, barley, and maize.fusarium graminearum is a broad host pathogen threatening cereal crops in temperate regions around the world. to better understand how f. graminearum adapts to different hosts, we have performed a comparison of the transcriptome of a single strain of f. graminearum during early infection (up to 4 d post-inoculation) of barley, maize, and wheat using custom oligomer microarrays. our results showed high similarity between f. graminearum transcriptomes in infected wheat and barley spike tissues. qu ...201626693688
the cold-induced defensin tad1 confers resistance against snow mold and fusarium head blight in transgenic wheat.tad1 (triticum aestivum defensin 1) is induced during cold acclimation in winter wheat and encodes a plant defensin with antimicrobial activity. in this study, we demonstrated that recombinant tad1 protein inhibits hyphal growth of the snow mold fungus, typhula ishikariensis in vitro. transgenic wheat plants overexpressing tad1 were created and tested for resistance against t. ishikariensis. leaf inoculation assays revealed that overexpression of tad1 confers resistance against the snow mold. in ...201627080445
from fhb resistance qtls to candidate genes identification in triticum aestivum l.fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum is a worldwide destructive disease affecting cereals such as wheat. fhb resistance is a quantitative trait, and information for fhb resistance qtls in wheat is available. however, little is known about genes underlying the fhb resistance qtl regions. using a computational approach in this study, we have mined eight fhb resistance qtls in wheat and predicted the candidate genes falling within these qtl intervals based on the available sequ ...201627016253
identifying rare fhb-resistant segregants in intransigent backcross and f2 winter wheat populations.fusarium head blight (fhb), caused mainly by fusarium graminearum schwabe [telomorph: gibberella zeae schwein.(petch)] in the us, is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum l. and t. durum l.). infected grain is usually contaminated with deoxynivalenol (don), a serious mycotoxin. the challenge in fhb resistance breeding is combining resistance with superior agronomic and quality characteristics. exotic qtl are widely used to improve fhb resistance. success depends on the ...201627014202
temporal dynamics, population characterization and mycotoxins accumulation of fusarium graminearum in eastern china.trichothecene genotype composition, mycotoxin production, genetic diversity, and population structure were analyzed, using 185 fusarium strains collected from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) throughout the jiangsu province during 1976, 1983, 1998, 2006, and 2014. the results showed that 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3adon) was consistently the predominant type in this region over 40 years, and the nivalenol (niv) type has emerged since 1998. long-term rotation of wheat and rice (oryza sativa l.), rather ...201627853184
fusarium head blight resistance qtl in the spring wheat cross kenyon/86ismn 2137.fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by fusarium graminearum, is a very important disease of wheat globally. damage caused by f. graminearum includes reduced grain yield, reduced grain functional quality, and results in the presence of the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in fusarium-damaged kernels. the development of fhb resistant wheat cultivars is an important component of integrated management. the objective of this study was to identify qtl for fhb resistance in a recombinant inbred li ...201627790188
genome-wide characterization of pectin methyl esterase genes reveals members differentially expressed in tolerant and susceptible wheats in response to fusarium graminearum.pectin methyl esterase (pme) genes code for enzymes that are involved in structural modifications of the plant cell wall during plant growth and development. they are also involved in plant-pathogen interaction. pme genes belong to a multigene family and in this study we report the first comprehensive analysis of the pme gene family in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). like in other species, the members of the tapme family are dispersed throughout the genome and their encoded products retain t ...201627393991
kp4 to control ustilago tritici in wheat: enhanced greenhouse resistance to loose smut and changes in transcript abundance of pathogen related genes in infected kp4 plants.ustilago tritici causes loose smut, which is a seed-borne fungal disease of wheat, and responsible for yield losses up to 40%. loose smut is a threat to seed production in developing countries where small scale farmers use their own harvest as seed material. the killer protein 4 (kp4) is a virally encoded toxin from ustilago maydis and inhibits growth of susceptible races of fungi from the ustilaginales. enhanced resistance in kp4 wheat to stinking smut, which is caused by tilletia caries, had b ...201628352545
the lr34 adult plant rust resistance gene provides seedling resistance in durum wheat without senescence.the hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) adult plant resistance gene, lr34/yr18/sr57/pm38/ltn1, provides broad-spectrum resistance to wheat leaf rust (lr34), stripe rust (yr18), stem rust (sr57) and powdery mildew (pm38) pathogens, and has remained effective in wheat crops for many decades. the partial resistance provided by this gene is only apparent in adult plants and not effective in field-grown seedlings. lr34 also causes leaf tip necrosis (ltn1) in mature adult plant leaves when grown under ...201628005310
microscopic and molecular characterization of the prehaustorial resistance against wheat leaf rust (puccinia triticina) in einkorn (triticum monococcum).puccinia triticina f. sp. tritici (eriks.), the causal agent of leaf rust, causes substantial yield losses in wheat production. in wheat many major leaf rust resistance genes have been overcome by virulent races. in contrast, the prehaustorial resistance (phr) against wheat leaf rust detected in the diploid wheat einkorn (triticum monoccocum var. monococcum) accession pi272560 confers race-independent resistance against isolates virulent on accessions harboring resistance genes located on the a- ...201627881987
the lr34 adult plant rust resistance gene provides seedling resistance in durum wheat without senescence.the hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) adult plant resistance gene, lr34/yr18/sr57/pm38/ltn1, provides broad spectrum resistance to wheat leaf rust (lr34), stripe rust (yr18), stem rust (sr57) and powdery mildew (pm38) pathogens, and has remained effective in wheat crops for many decades. the partial resistance provided by this gene is only apparent in adult plants and not effective in seedlings under standard growth conditions. lr34 also causes leaf tip necrosis (ltn1) in mature adult plant le ...201627685031
fine mapping of the stem rust resistance gene srta10187.srta10187 was fine-mapped to a 1.1 cm interval, candidate genes were identified in the region of interest, and molecular markers were developed for marker-assisted selection and sr gene pyramiding. stem rust (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, pgt) races belonging to the ug99 (ttksk) race group pose a serious threat to global wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production. to improve pgt host resistance, the ug99-effective resistance gene srta10187 previously identified in aegilops tauschii coss. was in ...201627581540
stem rust resistance in a geographically diverse collection of spring wheat lines collected from across africa.following the emergence of the ug99 lineage of puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (pgt) a collective international effort has been undertaken to identify new sources of wheat stem rust resistance effective against these races. analyses were undertaken in a collection of wheat genotypes gathered from across africa to identify stem rust resistance effective against the pgt races found in eastern and southern africa. the african wheat collection consisted of historic genotypes collected in kenya, sou ...201627462322
a new 2ds·2rl robertsonian translocation transfers stem rust resistance gene sr59 into wheat.a new stem rust resistance gene sr59 from secale cereale was introgressed into wheat as a 2ds·2rl robertsonian translocation. emerging new races of the wheat stem rust pathogen (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici), from africa threaten global wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production. to broaden the resistance spectrum of wheat to these widely virulent african races, additional resistance genes must be identified from all possible gene pools. from the screening of a collection of wheat-rye (secale c ...201627025509
genetically divergent types of the wheat leaf fungus puccinia triticina in ethiopia, a center of tetraploid wheat diversity.collections of puccinia triticina, the wheat leaf rust fungus, were obtained from tetraploid and hexaploid wheat in the central highlands of ethiopia, and a smaller number from kenya, from 2011 to 2013, in order to determine the genetic diversity of this wheat pathogen in a center of host diversity. single-uredinial isolates were derived and tested for virulence phenotype to 20 lines of thatcher wheat that differ for single leaf rust resistance genes and for molecular genotypes with 10 simple se ...201626756826
pm55, a developmental-stage and tissue-specific powdery mildew resistance gene introgressed from dasypyrum villosum into common wheat.powdery mildew resistance gene pm55 was physically mapped to chromosome arm 5vs fl 0.60-0.80 of dasypyrum villosum . pm55 is present in t5vs·5al and t5vs·5dl translocations, which should be valuable resources for wheat improvement. powdery mildew caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is a major wheat disease worldwide. exploiting novel genes effective against powdery mildew from wild relatives of wheat is a promising strategy for controlling this disease. to identify novel resistance genes ...201627422445
characterization of a new pm2 allele conferring powdery mildew resistance in the wheat germplasm line fg-1.powdery mildew has a negative impact on wheat production. novel host resistance increases the diversity of resistance genes and helps to control the disease. in this study, wheat line fg-1 imported from france showed a high level of powdery mildew resistance at both the seedling and adult stages. an f2 population and f2:3 families from the cross fg-1 × mingxian 169 both fit mendelian ratios for a single dominant resistance gene when tested against multiple avirulent blumeria tritici f. sp. triti ...201627200022
genetic analysis of a novel broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance gene from the wheat-agropyron cristatum introgression line pubing 74.a novel broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance gene pmpb74 was identified in wheat- agropyron cristatum introgression line pubing 74. development of wheat cultivars with broad-spectrum, durable resistance to powdery mildew has been restricted by lack of superior genetic resources. in this study, a wheat-a. cristatum introgression line pubing 74, originally selected from a wide cross between the common wheat cultivar fukuhokomugi (fukuho) and agropyron cristatum (l.) gaertn (2n = 4x = 28; genom ...201627125388
collinearity analysis and high-density genetic mapping of the wheat powdery mildew resistance gene pm40 in pi 672538.the wheat powdery mildew resistance gene pm40, which is located on chromosomal arm 7bs, is effective against nearly all prevalent races of blumeria graminis f. sp tritici (bgt) in china and is carried by the common wheat germplasm pi 672538. a set of the f1, f2 and f2:3 populations from the cross of the resistant pi 672538 with the susceptible line l1034 were used to conduct genetic analysis of powdery mildew resistance and construct a high-density linkage map of the pm40 gene. we constructed a ...201627755575
molecular mapping and marker development for the triticum dicoccoides-derived stripe rust resistance gene yrsm139-1b in bread wheat cv. shaanmai 139.yrsm139-1b maybe a new gene for effective resistance to stripe rust and useful flanking markers for marker-assisted selection were developed.201626649867
molecular cytogenetic identification of a wheat-rye 1r addition line with multiple spikelets and resistance to powdery mildew.alien addition lines are important for transferring useful genes from alien species into common wheat. rye is an important and valuable gene resource for improving wheat disease resistance, yield, and environment adaptation. a new wheat-rye addition line, n9436b, was developed from the progeny of the cross of common wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) cultivar shaanmai 611 and rye (secale cereal l., 2n = 2x = 14, rr) accession austrian rye. we characterized this new line by cytolo ...201627021228
differentiation among blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolates originating from wild versus domesticated triticum species in israel.israel and its vicinity constitute a center of diversity of domesticated wheat species (triticum aestivum and t. durum) and their sympatrically growing wild relatives, including wild emmer wheat (t. dicoccoides). we investigated differentiation within the forma specialis of their obligate powdery mildew pathogen, blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici. a total of 61 b. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates were collected from the three host species in four geographic regions of israel. genetic relatedness ...201627019062
identification and genetic mapping of pmaf7ds a powdery mildew resistance gene in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).gene pmaf7ds confers resistance to wheat powdery mildew (isolate bgt#211 ); it was mapped to a 14.6-cm interval ( xgwm350 a- xbarc184 ) on chromosome 7ds. the flanking markers could be applied in mas breeding. wheat powdery mildew (pm) is caused by the biotrophic pathogen blumeria graminis tritici (dc.) (bgt). an ongoing threat of breakdown of race-specific resistance to pm requires a continuous effort to discover new alleles in the wheat gene pool. developing new cultivars with improved disease ...201626934890
an lrr/malectin receptor-like kinase mediates resistance to non-adapted and adapted powdery mildew fungi in barley and wheat.pattern recognition receptors (prrs) belonging to the multigene family of receptor-like kinases (rlks) are the sensing devices of plants for microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns released from microbial organisms. here we describe rnr8 (for required for non-host resistance 8) encoding hvlemk1, a lrr-malectin domain-containing transmembrane rlk that mediates non-host resistance of barley to the non-adapted wheat powdery mildew fungus blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici. transgenic barley ...201628018377
the 2ns translocation from aegilops ventricosa confers resistance to the triticum pathotype of magnaporthe oryzae.wheat blast is a serious disease caused by the fungus magnaporthe oryzae (triticum pathotype) (mot). the objective of this study was to determine the effect of the 2ns translocation from aegilops ventricosa (zhuk.) chennav on wheat head and leaf blast resistance. disease phenotyping experiments were conducted in growth chamber, greenhouse, and field environments. among 418 cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), those with 2ns had 50.4 to 72.3% less head blast than those without 2ns when inoc ...201627814405
host specialization of the blast fungus magnaporthe oryzae is associated with dynamic gain and loss of genes linked to transposable elements.magnaporthe oryzae (anamorph pyricularia oryzae) is the causal agent of blast disease of poaceae crops and their wild relatives. to understand the genetic mechanisms that drive host specialization of m. oryzae, we carried out whole genome resequencing of four m. oryzae isolates from rice (oryza sativa), one from foxtail millet (setaria italica), three from wild foxtail millet s. viridis, and one isolate each from finger millet (eleusine coracana), wheat (triticum aestivum) and oat (avena sativa) ...201627194050
wheat transcription factor tawrky70 is positively involved in high-temperature seedling plant resistance to puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici.stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is a devastating disease of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. wheat high-temperature seedling plant (htsp) resistance to pst is non-race-specific and durable. wrky transcription factors have been proven to play important roles in plant defence responses to attacks by several pathogens. however, there is no direct evidence as to whether wrky transcription factors play a role in htsp resistance to pst. we isolated a wrky gene, na ...201627145738
molecular mapping of stripe rust resistance gene yr76 in winter club wheat cultivar tyee.tyee, one of the wheat cultivars used to differentiate races of puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in the united states, was identified to have a single gene for all-stage resistance, tentatively named yrtye. to map the gene, tyee was crossed with 'avocet susceptible' (avs). genetic analysis of the f1, f2, f2:3, and bc1 progenies confirmed a single dominant gene for resistance to race pstv-37 that is avirulent to yrtye. a mapping population of 135 f2 plants was phenotyped with pstv-37 and the d ...201627050567
genome-wide identification and functional prediction of novel and fungi-responsive lincrnas in triticum aestivum.stripe rust (puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici; pst) and powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici; bgt) are important diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. increasingly evidences suggest that long intergenic ncrnas (lincrnas) are developmentally regulated and play important roles in development and stress responses of plants. however, identification of lincrnas in wheat is still limited comparing with functional gene expression.201626980266
taopr2 encodes a 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductases (oprs) are involved in the various processes of growth and development in plants, and classified into the oprⅰ and oprⅱ subgroups. in higher plants, only oprⅱ subgroup genes take part in the biosynthesis of endogenous jasmonic acid. in this study, we isolated a novel oprⅱ subgroup gene named taopr2 (genebank accession: km216389) from the thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (tgms) wheat cultivar bs366. taopr2 was predicted to encode a protein with 390 amino ...201626778003
comparison of cell death and accumulation of reactive oxygen species in wheat lines with or without yr36 responding to puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici under low and high temperatures at seedling and adult-plant stages.yr36 is an important gene conferring resistance to stripe rust of wheat caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst). to determine if the yr36 resistance is correlated to reactive oxygen species (ros) burst and cell death, wheat near-isogenic lines with (uc1041 + yr36) and without (uc1041) the gene were histologically characterized for response to pst infection. yr36 conferred stripe rust resistance at both seedling and adult-plant stages when the gene line was tested with pst race cyr29 ...201626070270
transcription factor gene tugtγ-3 is involved in the stripe rust resistance in triticum urartu.wheat stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis west. f. sp. tritici eriks. ＆henn. (pst), is a serious fungal disease. identification of new genes associate with stripe rust resistance is important for developing disease resistant wheat cultivars and studying the mechanism of disease resistance. trihelix is a plant specific transcription factor family, which is involved in regulation of growth and development, morphogenesis, and response to stresses. so far, no study reports on the relationshi ...201628034841
microtubule polymerization functions in hypersensitive response and accumulation of h2o2 in wheat induced by the stripe rust.the plant cytoskeleton, including microtubules and microfilaments, is one of the important factors in determining the polarity of cell division and growth, as well as the interaction of plants with invading pathogens. in defense responses of wheat against the stripe rust (puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) infection, hypersensitive response is the most crucial event to prevent the spread of pathogens. in order to reveal the effect of microtubules on the hypersensitive cell death and h2o2 accum ...201627610380
inheritance and molecular mapping of an all-stage stripe rust resistance gene derived from the chinese common wheat landrace "yilongtuomai".yellow or stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is a devastating foliar disease that affects common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) around the world. in china, common wheat landraces are potential sources of disease and abiotic stress resistance genes for wheat improvement. yilongtuomai (yl), a wheat landrace from yilong county, sichuan province, shows high levels of resistance against most chinese pst races. in this study, the resistance of yl to stripe rust disease was ...201627208148
cytological identification of an aegilops variabilis chromosome carrying stripe rust resistance in wheat.aegilops variabilis (uus(v)s(v)), an important sources for wheat improvement, originated from chromosome doubling of a natural hybrid between ae. umbellulata (uu) with ae. longissima (s(l)s(l)). the ae. variabilis karyotype was poorly characterized by fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish). the fish probe combination of psc119.2, pta71 and pta-713 identified each of the 14 pairs of ae. variabilis chromosomes. our fish ideogram was further used to detect an ae. variabilis chromosome carrying st ...201627795677
cytogenetic study and stripe rust response of the derivatives from a wheat - thinopyrum intermedium - psathyrostachys huashanica trigeneric hybrid.to transfer multiple desirable alien genes into common wheat, we previously reported a new trigeneric hybrid synthesized by crossing a wheat - thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploid with wheat - psathyrostachys huashanica amphiploid. here, the meiotic behavior, chromosome constitution, and stripe rust resistance of f5 derivatives from the wheat - th. intermedium - p. huashanica trigeneric hybrid were studied. cytological analysis indicated the f5 progenies had chromosome numbers of 42-50 (ave ...201628177834
comparative temporal transcriptome profiling of wheat near isogenic line carrying lr57 under compatible and incompatible interactions.leaf rust caused by puccinia triticina (pt) is one of the most important diseases of bread wheat globally. recent advances in sequencing technologies have provided opportunities to analyse the complete transcriptomes of the host as well as pathogen for studying differential gene expression during infection. pathogen induced differential gene expression was characterized in a near isogenic line carrying leaf rust resistance gene lr57 and susceptible recipient genotype wl711. rna samples were coll ...201628066494
introgression of chromosome segments from multiple alien species in wheat breeding lines with wheat streak mosaic virus resistance.pyramiding of alien-derived wheat streak mosaic virus (wsmv) resistance and resistance enhancing genes in wheat is a cost-effective and environmentally safe strategy for disease control. pcr-based markers and cytogenetic analysis with genomic in situ hybridisation were applied to identify alien chromatin in four genetically diverse populations of wheat (triticum aestivum) lines incorporating chromosome segments from thinopyrum intermedium and secale cereale (rye). out of 20 experimental lines, 1 ...201627245423
a rapid phenotyping method for adult plant resistance to leaf rust in wheat.leaf rust (lr), caused by puccinia triticina and is an important disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the most sustainable method for controlling rust diseases is deployment of cultivars incorporating adult plant resistance (apr). however, phenotyping breeding populations or germplasm collections for resistance in the field is dependent on weather conditions and limited to once a year. in this study, we explored the ability to phenotype apr to lr under accelerated growth conditions (agc; i.e ...201626941830
screening of rhizospheric actinomycetes for various in-vitro and in-vivo plant growth promoting (pgp) traits and for agroactive compounds.in this study 98 rhizospheric actinomycetes were isolated from different wheat and tomato fields, punjab, pakistan. the isolates were characterized morphologically, biochemically, and genetically and were subjected to a comprehensive in vitro screening for various plant growth promoting (pgp) traits. about 30% of the isolates screened were found to be the promising pgp rhizobacteria (pgprs), which exhibited maximum genetic similarity (up to 98-99%) with different species of the genus streptomyce ...201627621724
soil-borne wheat mosaic virus infectious clone and manipulation for gene-carrying capacity.a full-length infectious cdna clone of soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (sbwmv; genus furovirus; family virgaviridae) was developed for agrobacterium delivery. the cloned virus can be agroinfiltrated to nicotiana benthamiana for subsequent infection of wheat (triticum aestivum, l.). the utility of the virus as a vector for gene silencing and expression was assessed through sequence insertions in multiple sites of rna2. virus-induced photobleaching was observed in n. benthamiana but not in wheat, de ...201627236459
development of methodologies for virus detection in soybean and wheat seeds.seeds that contain large amounts of oil, starch, fibers and phenols are the most difficult tissues for rna extraction. currently, there are some reports of virus detection in seeds using commercial kits for rna extraction. however, individual seeds were used, which may not be always suitable for analyses that deal with large amounts of seeds. sangha [1] described a simple, quick and efficient protocol for rna extraction and downstream applications in a group of seeds of jatropha (jatropha curcas ...201627408831
characterization of 4 tagast genes during spike development and seed germination and their response to exogenous phytohormones in common wheat.gibberellic acid (ga) is involved in the regulation of plant growth and development. we defined ga-stimulated transcript (gast) gene family and characterized its four members (tagast1, 2, 3, and 4) in wheat spikes. triticum aestivum whole spikes were collected at ten developmental stages and dehulled spikelets were obtained at various days after flowering. expression of tagast1, 2, 3, and 4 was analyzed using rt-pcr at inflorescence development stages, in different tissues, and after phytohormon ...201627649990
functional and structural insights into novel dreb1a transcription factors in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.): a molecular modeling approach.triticum aestivum l. known as common wheat is one of the most important cereal crops feeding a large and growing population. various environmental stress factors including drought, high salinity and heat etc. adversely affect wheat production in a significant manner. dehydration-responsive element-binding (dreb1a) factors, a class of transcription factors (tf) play an important role in combating drought stress. it is known that dreb1a specifically interacts with the dehydration responsive elemen ...201627471160
molecular characterization of three gibberellin-insensitive dwarf2 homologous genes in common wheat.f-box protein is a core component of the ubiquitin e3 ligase scf complex and is involved in the gibberellin (ga) signaling pathway. to elucidate the molecular mechanism of ga signaling in wheat, three homologous gibberellin-insensitive dwarf2 genes, tagid2s, were isolated from the chinese spring wheat variety. a subcellular localization assay in onion epidermal cells and arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts showed that tagid2s are localized in the nuclei. the expression profiles using quantitative ...201627327160
tamca1, a regulator of cell death, is important for the interaction between wheat and puccinia striiformis.metacaspase orthologs are conserved in fungi, protozoa and plants, however, their roles in plant disease resistance are largely unknown. in this study, we identified a triticum aestivum metacaspase gene, tamca1, with three copies located on chromosomes 1a, 1b and 1d. the tamca1 protein contained typical structural features of type i metacaspases domains, including an n-terminal pro-domain. transient expression analyses indicated that tamca1 was localized in cytosol and mitochondria. tamca1 exhib ...201627230563
identification and function analyses of senescence-associated wrkys in wheat.leaf senescence is a positive, highly regulated, complex process, and transcription factors play important roles in the regulation of this process. we identified and characterized 116 wrkys from the wheat genome database. thirteen tawrkys were confirmed as senescence-associated genes. we focused on tawrky7, which is up-regulated in the natural leaf senescence process. tawrky7 is expressed in different tissues of wheat and is localized in the nucleus. it shows transcriptional activation activity ...201627166153
three tafar genes function in the biosynthesis of primary alcohols and the response to abiotic stresses in triticum aestivum.cuticular waxes play crucial roles in protecting plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. they are complex mixtures of very-long-chain fatty acids and their derivatives, including c20-c32 fatty alcohols. here, we report the identification of 32 far-like genes and the detailed characterization of tafar2, tafar3 and tafar4, wax biosynthetic genes encoding fatty acyl-coenzyme a reductase (far) in wheat leaf cuticle. heterologous expression of the three tafars in wild-type yeast and mutated yeast ...201627112792
biotreatment of chlorpyrifos in a bench scale bioreactor using psychrobacter alimentarius t14.bacteria tolerant to high pesticide concentration could be used for designing an efficient treatment technology. bacterial strains t14 was isolated from pesticide-contaminated soil in mineral salt medium (msm) and identified as psychrobacter alimentarius t14 using 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. bench scale bioreactor was evaluated for biotreatment of high chlorpyrifos (cp) concentration using p. alimentarius t14. effect of various parameters on bioreactor performance was examined and optimum r ...201626144866
mass spectrometric characterization of benzoxazinoid glycosides from rhizopus-elicited wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings.benzoxazinoids function as defense compounds and have been suggested to possess health-promoting effects. in this work, the mass spectrometric behavior of benzoxazinoids from the classes benzoxazin-3-ones (with subclasses lactams, hydroxamic acids, and methyl derivatives) and benzoxazolinones was studied. wheat seeds were germinated with simultaneous elicitation by rhizopus. the seedling extract was screened for the presence of benzoxazinoid (glycosides) using reversed-phase ultra-high-performan ...201627431363
functional study of a salt-inducible tasr gene in triticum aestivum.the gene expression chip of a salt-tolerant wheat mutant under salt stress was used to clone a salt-induced gene with unknown functions. this gene was designated as tasr (triticum aestivum salt-response gene) and submitted to genbank under accession number ef580107. quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis showed that gene expression was induced by salt stress. arabidopsis and rice (oryza sativa) plants expressing tasr presented higher salt tolerance than the controls, whereas atsr ...201625855206
rna-seq transcriptional profiling of herbaspirillum seropedicae colonizing wheat (triticum aestivum) roots.herbaspirillum seropedicae is a diazotrophic and endophytic bacterium that associates with economically important grasses promoting plant growth and increasing productivity. to identify genes related to bacterial ability to colonize plants, wheat seedlings growing hydroponically in hoagland's medium were inoculated with h. seropedicae and incubated for 3 days. total mrna from the bacteria present in the root surface and in the plant medium were purified, depleted from rrna and used for rna-seq p ...201626801330
association analysis of resistance to cereal cyst nematodes (heterodera avenae) and root lesion nematodes (pratylenchus neglectus and p. thornei) in cimmyt advanced spring wheat lines for semi-arid conditions.to identify loci linked to nematode resistance genes, a total of 126 of cimmyt advanced spring wheat lines adapted to semi-arid conditions were screened for resistance to heterodera avenae, pratylenchus neglectus, and p. thornei, of which 107 lines were genotyped with 1,310 dart. association of dart markers with nematode response was analyzed using the general linear model. results showed that 11 markers were associated with resistance to h. avenae (pathotype ha21), 25 markers with resistance to ...201628163585
antifungal and phytotoxic activity of essential oil from root of senecio amplexicaulis kunth. (asteraceae) growing wild in high altitude-himalayan region.this work was aimed to evaluate the essential oil from root of medicinally important plant senecio amplexicaulis for chemical composition, antifungal and phytotoxic activity. the chemical composition analysed by gc/gc-ms showed the presence of monoterpene hydrocarbons in high percentage with marker compounds as α-phellandrene (48.57%), o-cymene (16.80%) and β-ocimene (7.61%). the essential oil exhibited significant antifungal activity against five phytopathogenic fungi, sclerotium rolfsii, macro ...201627498832
mechanistic understanding of reduced agnp phytotoxicity induced by extracellular polymeric substances.a knowledge gap concerning the potential effects of extracellular polymeric substances (eps), a common organic material but highly variable in their composition of microbial origin, on the fate and phytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles (agnp) still remains. a 48-h root elongation toxicity test showed that agnp toxicity to wheat triticum aestivum l. was dramatically alleviated by eps isolated from pseudomonas putida, as revealed by 7-59% increase in relative root elongation (rre), 8-99% increase ...201626808239
microbial diversity of type i sourdoughs prepared and back-slopped with wholemeal and refined soft (triticum aestivum) wheat flours.the fermentation of type i sourdough was studied for 20 d with daily back-slopping under laboratory and artisan bakery conditions using 1 wholemeal and 2 refined soft wheat (triticum aestivum) flours. the sourdough bacterial and yeast diversity and dynamics were investigated by plate counting and a combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent pcr-dgge approach. the ph, total titrable acidity, and concentration of key organic acids (phytic, lactic, and acetic) were measured. three flo ...201627332783
the stripe rust fungal effector pec6 suppresses pattern-triggered immunity in a host species-independent manner and interacts with adenosine kinases.we identified a wheat stripe rust (puccinia striiformis) effector candidate (pec6) with pattern-triggered immunity (pti) suppression function and its corresponding host target. pec6 compromised pti host species-independently. in nicotiana benthamiana, it hampers reactive oxygen species (ros) accumulation and callose deposition induced by pseudomonas fluorescens. in arabidopsis, plants expressing pec6 were more susceptible to pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pto) dc3000 δavrpto/δavrptob. in wheat ...201627252028
evolution of gene duplication in plants.ancient duplication events and a high rate of retention of extant pairs of duplicate genes have contributed to an abundance of duplicate genes in plant genomes. these duplicates have contributed to the evolution of novel functions, such as the production of floral structures, induction of disease resistance, and adaptation to stress. additionally, recent whole-genome duplications that have occurred in the lineages of several domesticated crop species, including wheat (triticum aestivum), cotton ...201627288366
terrestrial 3d laser scanning to track the increase in canopy height of both monocot and dicot crop species under field conditions.plant growth is a good indicator of crop performance and can be measured by different methods and on different spatial and temporal scales. in this study, we measured the canopy height growth of maize (zea mays), soybean (glycine max) and wheat (triticum aestivum) under field conditions by terrestrial laser scanning (tls). we tested the hypotheses whether such measurements are capable to elucidate (1) differences in architecture that exist between genotypes; (2) genotypic differences between can ...201626834822
phytotoxic potential of young leaves from blepharocalyx salicifolius (kunth) o. berg (myrtaceae).the loss of leaves by plant species found in the cerrado (brazilian savanna) is an energetically expensive process due to adverse environmental conditions and predation by herbivory. the mature leaves have adaptations which minimize these events. however, the young individuals lack these structures and produce high leaf concentrations of secondary metabolites as a form of protection. these compounds can be used in bioprospection of natural herbicides. thus, this study aimed to evaluate the phyto ...201626959947
brevundimonas canariensis sp. nov. isolated from roots of triticum aestivum in lanzarote island.a bacterial strain designated gtae24t was isolated from a root of wheat growing in a soil from canary islands in spain. phylogenetic analyses based on 16s rrna gene sequence placed the isolate into the genus brevundimonas being its closest relative brevundimonas abyssalis tar.001t with 99.4 % similarity. dna-dna hybridization studies showed an average of 38% between the strain gtae24t and the type strain of b. abyssalis. the isolate is gram-stain negative and motile by polar flagella. oxidase is ...201627959779
effect of plant growth promoting bacteria associated with halophytic weed (psoralea corylifolia l) on germination and seedling growth of wheat under saline conditions.halotolerant bacteria associated with psoralea corylifolia l., a luxuriantly growing annual weed in salinity-affected semi-arid regions of western maharashtra, india were evaluated for their plant growth-promoting activity in wheat. a total of 79 bacteria associated with different parts viz., root, shoot and nodule endophytes, rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and leaf epiphytes, were isolated and grouped based on their habitat. twelve bacteria isolated for their potential in plant growth promotion were ...201627215915
paenibacillus hispanicus sp. nov. isolated from triticum aestivum roots.a bacterial strain designated amtae16t was isolated from a root of wheat in spain. phylogenetic analyses based on 16s rrna gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus paenibacilluswith its closest relative being paenibacillus daejeonensis ap-20t with 99.0 % 16s rrna gene sequence similarity. dna-dna hybridization studies showed a mean of 30 % dnadna relatedness between strain amtae16t and the type strain of p. daejeonensis. the isolate was a gram-stainvariable, motile and sporulating rod. cat ...201627503428
engineering the 1bs chromosome arm in wheat to remove the rf (multi) locus restoring male fertility in cytoplasms of aegilops kotschyi, ae. uniaristata and ae. mutica.by removing the rf (multi) locus from chromosome 1bs of wheat via chromosome engineering we were able to generate a resource for the production of male sterile wheats in three new cytoplasms. cytoplasmic male sterility is an essential component in the development of many hybrid crops. in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) only the cytoplasm of t. timopheevi cytoplasm has been extensively tested even though many other cytoplasms are also known to produce male sterility. among them are the cytoplasms of ...201627325523
the use of image-spectroscopy technology as a diagnostic method for seed health testing and variety identification.application of rapid and time-efficient health diagnostic and identification technology in the seed industry chain could accelerate required analysis, characteristic description and also ultimately availability of new desired varieties. the aim of the study was to evaluate the potential of multispectral imaging and single kernel near-infrared spectroscopy (sknir) for determination of seed health and variety separation of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and winter triticale (triticosecale wit ...201627010656
effects of two different organic amendments addition to soil on sorption-desorption, leaching, bioavailability of penconazole and the growth of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).this study investigated the effects of sugarcane bagasse compost (sbc) and chicken manure compost (cmc) on the sorption-desorption, leaching and bioavailability of the fungicide penconazole in soil in a laboratory setting. the autoclave-treated sbc or cmc was applied at 2.5% and 5.0% (w/w). results of batch equilibrium experiments exhibited that the sorption capacity of soils for penconazole was significantly promoted by the addition of sbc or cmc, whereas desorption of penconazole was drastical ...201626683765
field evaluation of intensive compost application on cd fractionation and phytoavailability in a mining-contaminated soil.a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of chicken manure compost on the fractionation of cadmium (cd), soil biological properties and cd uptake by wheat in a soil affected by mining activities in hubei province, china. compost was applied at five levels (0, 27, 54, 108, 216 t ha(-1)), and winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was chosen as an indicator plant. results showed that the application of compost increased soil ph and the content of total phosphorus and organic matter. ...201626661745
virulent diuraphis noxia aphids over-express calcium signaling proteins to overcome defenses of aphid-resistant wheat plants.the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia, an invasive phytotoxic pest of wheat, triticum aestivum, and barley, hordeum vulgare, causes huge economic losses in africa, south america, and north america. most acceptable and ecologically beneficial aphid management strategies include selection and breeding of d. noxia-resistant varieties, and numerous d. noxia resistance genes have been identified in t. aestivum and h. vulgare. north american d. noxia biotype 1 is avirulent to t. aestivum varieties ...201626815857
rhizosphere priming effect on soil organic carbon decomposition under plant species differing in soil acidification and root exudation.effects of rhizosphere properties on the rhizosphere priming effect (rpe) are unknown. this study aimed to link species variation in rpe with plant traits and rhizosphere properties. four c3 species (chickpea, cicer arietinum; field pea, pisum sativum; wheat, triticum aestivum; and white lupin, lupinus albus) differing in soil acidification and root exudation, were grown in a c4 soil. the co2 released from soil was trapped using a newly developed naoh-trapping system. white lupin and wheat showe ...201627101777
characterization of a hypoallergenic wheat line lacking ω-5 gliadin.there is no curative treatment for wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (wdeia). ω-5 gliadin is one of the dominant allergens affecting wdeia patients. the use of ω-5 gliadin-free wheat flour in the regular diet is considered one of the prophylactic approaches against the elicitation of allergic symptoms and sensitization to ω-5 gliadin. we sought to find hypoallergenic bread wheat (or common wheat) that lacked the genes encoding ω-5 gliadin and to evaluate its in vitro allergenicity. we ...201627103182
dissecting the u, m, s and c genomes of wild relatives of bread wheat (aegilops spp.) into chromosomes and exploring their synteny with wheat.goat grasses (aegilops spp.) contributed to the evolution of bread wheat and are important sources of genes and alleles for modern wheat improvement. however, their use in alien introgression breeding is hindered by poor knowledge of their genome structure and a lack of molecular tools. the analysis of large and complex genomes may be simplified by dissecting them into single chromosomes via flow cytometric sorting. in some species this is not possible due to similarities in relative dna content ...201627402341
fungal flora and aflatoxin contamination in pakistani wheat kernels (triticum aestivum l.) and their attribution in seed germination.this study aimed to isolate fungal pathogens and to subsequently quantify aflatoxin (af; b1 + b2 + g1 + g2) contamination in wheat crops grown in pakistan. accordingly, a total of 185 wheat samples were collected from different areas of pakistan and numerous potent fungal pathogens were isolated. af contamination attributed to the presence of intoxicating fungal pathogens and resulting metabolic activities were quantified using a high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector coupl ...201628911571
the wheat r2r3-myb transcription factor tarim1 participates in resistance response against the pathogen rhizoctonia cerealis infection through regulating defense genes.the necrotrophic fungus rhizoctonia cerealis is a major pathogen of sharp eyespot that is a devastating disease of wheat (triticum aestivum). little is known about roles of myb genes in wheat defense response to r. cerealis. in this study, tarim1, a r. cerealis-induced wheat myb gene, was identified by transcriptome analysis, then cloned from resistant wheat ci12633, and its function and preliminary mechanism were studied. sequence analysis showed that tarim1 encodes a r2r3-myb transcription fac ...201627364458
phenotyping at hot spots and tagging of qtls conferring spot blotch resistance in bread wheat.spot blotch is a major foliar disease of wheat caused by bipolaris sorokiniana in warm and humid environments of the world including south asian countries. in india, it has a larger impact in indo-gangetic plains of the country. therefore, the present study was undertaken to phenotype a mapping population at different hot spots of india and to detect quantitative trait loci (qtl) for resistance to spot blotch in wheat. for this study, 209 single seed descent (ssd) derived f8, f9, f10 recombinant ...201627562852
elucidation of defense-related signaling responses to spot blotch infection in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).spot blotch disease, caused by bipolaris sorokiniana, is an important threat to wheat, causing an annual loss of ~17%. under epidemic conditions, these losses may be 100%, yet the molecular responses of wheat to spot blotch remain almost uncharacterized. moreover, defense-related phytohormone signaling genes have been poorly characterized in wheat. here, we have identified 18 central components of salicylic acid (sa), jasmonic acid (ja), ethylene (et), and enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (eds1 ...201626932764
[activity of protective proteins in wheat plants treated with chitooligosaccharides with different degrees of acetylation and infection with bipolaris sorokiniana].the influence of chitooligosaccharides (cos) with different degrees of acetylation (da) on the production of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) and changes in the level of gene expression of pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins (oxalate oxidase aj556991.1, peroxidase tc 151917, chitinase av029935l, proteinase inhibitor eu293132.1) in the roots of the wheat triticum aestivum l. inoculated with root rot pathogen bipolaris sorokiniana (sacc.) shoenaker was investigated. differences were detected in plant respo ...201625707110
the relationship of leaf rust resistance gene lr13 and hybrid necrosis gene ne2m on wheat chromosome 2bs.genetic and mutational analyses of wheat leaf rust resistance gene lr13 and hybrid necrosis gene ne2 m indicated that they are the same gene. hybrid necrosis in wheat characterized by chlorosis and eventual necrosis of plant tissues in certain wheat hybrids is controlled by the interaction of complementary dominant genes ne1 and ne2 located on chromosome arms 5bl and 2bs, respectively. multiple alleles at each locus can be identified by differences in necrotic phenotypes when varieties are cross ...201626660463
the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, tau4 regulates wheat defence against the phytopathogen zymoseptoria tritici.mycosphaerella graminicola (zymoseptoria tritici commonly known as septoria), the causal agent of septoria leaf blotch (stb), is considered one of the major threats to european wheat production. previous studies have shown the importance of ubiquitination in plant defence against a multitude of pathogens. however the ubiquitination machinery in wheat is under studied, particularly e2 enzymes that have the ability to control the ubiquitination and thereby the fate of many different target protein ...201627759089
dissecting the molecular interactions between wheat and the fungal pathogen zymoseptoria tritici.the dothideomycete fungus zymoseptoria tritici (previously known as mycosphaerella graminicola and septoria tritici) is the causative agent of septoria tritici leaf blotch (stb) disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). in europe, stb is the most economically damaging disease of wheat, with an estimated ∼€1 billion per year in fungicide expenditure directed toward its control. here, an overview of our current understanding of the molecular events that occur during z. tritici infection of wheat le ...201627148331
foxtail mosaic virus-induced gene silencing in monocot plants.virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) is a powerful technique to study gene function in plants. however, very few vigs vectors are available for monocot plants. here we report that foxtail mosaic virus (fomv) can be engineered as an effective vigs system to induce efficient silencing of endogenous genes in monocot plants including barley (hordeum vulgare l.), wheat (triticum aestivum) and foxtail millet (setaria italica). this is evidenced by fomv-based silencing of phytoene desaturase (pds) and m ...201627225900
super-optimal co2 reduces seed yield but not vegetative growth in wheat.although terrestrial atmospheric co2 levels will not reach 1000 micromoles mol-1 (0.1%) for decades, co2 levels in growth chambers and greenhouses routinely exceed that concentration. co2 levels in life support systems in space can exceed 10000 micromoles mol-1(1%). numerous studies have examined co2 effects up to 1000 micromoles mol-1, but biochemical measurements indicate that the beneficial effects of co2 can continue beyond this concentration. we studied the effects of near-optimal (approxim ...201611543367
online co2 and h2 o oxygen isotope fractionation allows estimation of mesophyll conductance in c4 plants, and reveals that mesophyll conductance decreases as leaves age in both c4 and c3 plants.mesophyll conductance significantly, and variably, limits photosynthesis but we currently have no reliable method of measurement for c4 plants. an online oxygen isotope technique was developed to allow quantification of mesophyll conductance in c4 plants and to provide an alternative estimate in c3 plants. the technique is compared to an established carbon isotope method in three c3 species. mesophyll conductance of c4 species was similar to that in the c3 species measured, and declined in both ...201626778088
differential regulation of genes coding for organelle and cytosolic clpatpases under biotic and abiotic stresses in wheat.a sub-group of class i caseinolytic proteases (clps) function as molecular chaperone and confer thermotolerance to plants. we identified class i clp family consisting of five clpb/hsp100, two clpc, and two clpd genes from bread wheat. phylogenetic analysis showed that these genes were highly conserved across grass genomes. subcellular localization prediction revealed that taclpc and taclpd subgroup proteins and taclpb1 proteins are potentially targeted to chloroplast, while taclpb5 to mitochondr ...201627446158
new insights into the roles of host gene-necrotrophic effector interactions in governing susceptibility of durum wheat to tan spot and septoria nodorum blotch.tan spot and septoria nodorum blotch (snb) are important diseases of wheat caused by the necrotrophic fungi pyrenophora tritici-repentis and parastagonospora nodorum, respectively. the p. tritici-repentis necrotrophic effector (ne) ptr toxb causes tan spot when recognized by the tsc2 gene. the ne toxa is produced by both pathogens and has been associated with the development of both tan spot and snb when recognized by the wheat tsn1 gene. most work to study these interactions has been conducted ...201627777262
differential effector gene expression underpins epistasis in a plant fungal disease.fungal effector-host sensitivity gene interactions play a key role in determining the outcome of septoria nodorum blotch disease (snb) caused by parastagonospora nodorum on wheat. the pathosystem is complex and mediated by interaction of multiple fungal necrotrophic effector-host sensitivity gene systems. three effector sensitivity gene systems are well characterized in this pathosystem; sntoxa-tsn1, sntox1-snn1 and sntox3-snn3. we tested a wheat mapping population that segregated for snn1 and s ...201627133896
predicting pre-planting risk of stagonospora nodorum blotch in winter wheat using machine learning models.pre-planting factors have been associated with the late-season severity of stagonospora nodorum blotch (snb), caused by the fungal pathogen parastagonospora nodorum, in winter wheat (triticum aestivum). the relative importance of these factors in the risk of snb has not been determined and this knowledge can facilitate disease management decisions prior to planting of the wheat crop. in this study, we examined the performance of multiple regression (mr) and three machine learning algorithms name ...201627064542
marker development, saturation mapping, and high-resolution mapping of the septoria nodorum blotch susceptibility gene snn3-b1 in wheat.septoria nodorum blotch (snb), caused by parastagonospora nodorum, is a severe foliar and glume disease on durum and common wheat. pathogen-produced necrotrophic effectors (nes) are the major determinants for snb on leaves. one such ne is sntox3, which evokes programmed cell death and leads to disease when recognized by the wheat snn3-b1 gene. here, we developed saturated genetic linkage maps of the snn3-b1 region using two f2 populations derived from the sntox3-sensitive line sumai 3 crossed wi ...201626187026
[the effect of salicylic and jasmonic acids on the activity and range of protective proteins during the infection of wheat by the septoriosis pathogen].the influence of salicylic (sa) and jasmonic (ja) acids as signaling systems mediators on the generation of h2o2 and expression of genes encoding protective proteins was studied in the leaves of wheat triticum aestivum l. upon infection with the pathogen of septoriosis septoria nodorum berk. it was found that presowing treatment of seeds with sa and ja decreased the development of the fungus on the leaves of wheat and had a stimulating effect on the production of h2o2 in the area of infection. a ...201625872398
[the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on the components of pro- and antioxidant systems of wheat and the development of protective reactions in fungal pathogenesis].the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-mcp), which inhibits the reception of ethylene, on the following has been studied: hydrogen peroxide generation, oxalate oxidase activity, peroxidase activity, catalase activity, and lignin accumulation in infected leaves of soft spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) breeds that differ in their resistance to the causative agent of leaf blotch septoria nodorum berk. a decrease in the development of leaf blotch in wheat leaves under the influence of 1-mcp was, o ...201625707109
effect of pleurotus eryngii mushroom β-glucan on quality characteristics of common wheat pasta.the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of β-glucan-rich fractions (bgrfs) from pleurotus eryngii mushroom powder on the quality, textural properties, and sensory evaluation of common wheat pasta. pasta was prepared from semolina flour and common wheat flour by replacing common wheat flour at 2%, 4%, and 6% with bgrfs. semolina flour showed significantly higher viscosities than common wheat flour samples. however, all viscosities, except the breakdown viscosity, were reduced with ...201626919287
seed coating with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as an ecotechnologicalapproach for sustainable agricultural production of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the exploitation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi has become of great interest in agriculture due to their potential roles in reducing the need for agrochemicals, while improving plant growth and nutrition. nevertheless, the application of am fungi by dispersing inocula in granular form to open agricultural fields is not feasible because nontargeted spreading of inocula over large surface areas results in high cost per plant. seed coating has the potential to significantly reduce the amount ...201627077274
arbuscular mycorrhiza improve growth, nitrogen uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency in wheat grown under elevated co2.effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus rhizophagus irregularis on plant growth, carbon (c) and nitrogen (n) accumulation, and partitioning was investigated in triticum aestivum l. plants grown under elevated co2 in a pot experiment. wheat plants inoculated or not inoculated with the am fungus were grown in two glasshouse cells with different co2 concentrations (400 and 700 ppm) for 10 weeks. a (15)n isotope labeling technique was used to trace plant n uptake. results showed that eleva ...201626148451
a novel qtl associated with dwarf bunt resistance in idaho 444 winter wheat.a novel qtl, q.db.ui-7ds, and the pcr-based markers identified in the current study will accelerate variety development for resistance to dwarf and common bunt of wheat. dwarf bunt [tilletia controversa j.g. kühn [as 'contraversa'], in rabenhorst, hedwigia 13: 188 (1874)] is a destructive disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) that reduces grain yield and quality. a number of distinct genes conferring resistance to dwarf bunt have been used by breeding programs for nearly 100 years. however, fe ...201627681089
responses of wheat and rice to factorial combinations of ambient and elevated co2 and temperature in face experiments.elevated co2 and temperature strongly affect crop production, but understanding of the crop response to combined co2 and temperature increases under field conditions is still limited while data are scarce. we grew wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rice (oryza sativa l.) under two levels of co2 (ambient and enriched up to 500 μmol mol(-1) ) and two levels of canopy temperature (ambient and increased by 1.5-2.0 °c) in free-air co2 enrichment (face) systems and carried out a detailed growth and yiel ...201626279285
evolution of vrn2/ghd7-like genes in vernalization-mediated repression of grass flowering.flowering of many plant species is coordinated with seasonal environmental cues such as temperature and photoperiod. vernalization provides competence to flower after prolonged cold exposure, and a vernalization requirement prevents flowering from occurring prior to winter. in winter wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare), three genes vrn1, vrn2, and ft form a regulatory loop that regulates the initiation of flowering. prior to cold exposure, vrn2 represses ft. during cold, vrn1 ...201626848096
socio-economic characterisation of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) growers and date value chains in pakistan.increasing food production to feed its rapidly growing population is a major policy goal of pakistan. the production of traditional staples such as rice (oryza sativa l.) and bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has been intensified in many regions, but not in remote, drought-ridden areas. in these arid, marginal environments dates and their by-products are an option to complement staples given their high nutritive value and storability. to fill knowledge gaps about the role of date palm in the ho ...201627536506
the metabolite pathway between bundle sheath and mesophyll: quantification of plasmodesmata in leaves of c3 and c4 monocots.c4 photosynthesis is characterized by a co2-concentrating mechanism between mesophyll (m) and bundle sheath (bs) cells of leaves. this generates high metabolic fluxes between these cells, through interconnecting plasmodesmata (pd). quantification of these symplastic fluxes for modeling studies requires accurate quantification of pd, which has proven difficult using transmission electron microscopy. our new quantitative technique combines scanning electron microscopy and 3d immunolocalization in ...201627288224
residual phosphorus and zinc influence wheat productivity under rice-wheat cropping system.continuous cropping of rice (oryza sativa l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) deplete soil fertility and crop productivity. one strategy to increase crop productivity under rice-wheat system is balanced application of crop nutrients. field experiment was conducted to assess the impact of phosphorus (0, 40, 80, 120 kg p ha(-1)) and zinc (0, 5, 10, 15 kg zn ha(-1)) on the productivity of rice genotypes (fine and coarse) and their residual effects on the grain yield (gy) and its components (yc) of ...201627026947
Refresh
firstprev
12345678910...
nextlast
Displaying items 801 - 900 of 7762