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larval habitat associations with human land uses, roads, rivers, and land cover for anopheles albimanus, a. pseudopunctipennis, and a. punctimacula (diptera: culicidae) in coastal and highland ecuador.larval habitat for three highland anopheles species: anopheles albimanus wiedemann, anopheles pseudopunctipennis theobald, and anopheles punctimacula dyar and knab was related to human land uses, rivers, roads, and remotely sensed land cover classifications in the western ecuadorian andes. of the five commonly observed human land uses, cattle pasture (n = 30) provided potentially suitable habitat for a. punctimacula and a. albimanus in less than 14% of sites, and was related in a principal compo ...201222454623
candidates for symbiotic control of sugarcane white leaf disease.the leafhopper matsumuratettix hiroglyphicus (matsumura) is the most important vector of a phytoplasma pathogen causing sugarcane white leaf (scwl) disease. the purpose of this study was to evaluate candidate bacterial symbionts for possible use as vehicles in the control of the disease. 16s rrna bacterial genes were amplified from whole bodies of m. hiroglyphicus leafhoppers and analyzed by cloning and sequencing. two dominant groups were found: one belonged to the betaproteobacteria that did n ...201222798373
epicoccum nigrum p16, a sugarcane endophyte, produces antifungal compounds and induces root growth.sugarcane is one of the most important crops in brazil, mainly because of its use in biofuel production. recent studies have sought to determine the role of sugarcane endophytic microbial diversity in microorganism-plant interactions, and their biotechnological potential. epicoccum nigrum is an important sugarcane endophytic fungus that has been associated with the biological control of phytopathogens, and the production of secondary metabolites. in spite of several studies carried out to define ...201222675473
sugarcane growth promotion by the endophytic bacterium pantoea agglomerans 33.1.the promotion of sugarcane growth by the endophytic pantoea agglomerans strain 33.1 was studied under gnotobiotic and greenhouse conditions. the green fluorescent protein (gfp)-tagged strain p. agglomerans 33.1::pnkgfp was monitored in vitro in sugarcane plants by microscopy, reisolation, and quantitative pcr (qpcr). using qpcr and reisolation 4 and 15 days after inoculation, we observed that gfp-tagged strains reached similar density levels both in the rhizosphere and inside the roots and aeria ...201222865062
utilization of sugarcane habitat by feral pig (sus scrofa) in northern tropical queensland: evidence from the stable isotope composition of hair.feral pigs (sus scrofa) are an invasive species that disrupt ecosystem functioning throughout their introduced range. in tropical environments, feral pigs are associated with predation and displacement of endangered species, modification of habitat, and act as a vector for the spread of exotic vegetation and disease. across many parts of their introduced range, the diet of feral pigs is poorly known. although the remote location and difficult terrain of far north queensland makes observing feral ...201222957029
the determination of assay for laccase of bacillus subtilis wpi with two classes of chemical compounds as substrates.ligninolytic enzyme complexes are involved in lignin degradation. among them laccases are outstanding because they use molecular oxygen as a co-substrate instead of hydrogen peroxide as used by peroxidases. bacterial laccase of bacillus genus was first reported in claus and filip (microbiol res 152:209-216, 1997), since then more bacterial laccases have been found. in this research, laccase-producing bacteria were screened from pulp and paper industry wastewater, bagass and sugarcane rhizosphere ...201224293734
Cell recycling during repeated very high gravity bio-ethanol fermentations using the industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain PE-2.A very high gravity (VHG) repeated-batch fermentation system using an industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE-2 (isolated from sugarcane-to-ethanol distillery in Brazil) and mimicking industrially relevant conditions (high inoculation rates and low O(2) availability) was successfully operated during fifteen consecutive fermentation cycles, attaining ethanol at 17.1 ± 0.2% (v/v) with a batch productivity of 3.5 ± 0.04 g l(-1) h(-1). Moreover, this innovative operational strategy (biomass ...201221898130
Conceptual design of cost-effective and environmentally-friendly configurations for fuel ethanol production from sugarcane by knowledge-based process synthesis.In this work, the hierarchical decomposition methodology was used to conceptually design the production of fuel ethanol from sugarcane. The decomposition of the process into six levels of analysis was carried out. Several options of technological configurations were assessed in each level considering economic and environmental criteria. The most promising alternatives were chosen rejecting the ones with a least favorable performance. Aspen Plus was employed for simulation of each one of the tech ...201222137752
sugarcane genes differentially expressed in response to puccinia melanocephala infection: identification and transcript profiling.brown rust caused by the fungus puccinia melanocephala is a major disease of sugarcane (saccharum spp.). a sugarcane mutant, obtained by chemical mutagenesis of the susceptible variety b4362, showed a post-haustorial hypersensitive response (hr)-mediated resistance to the pathogen and was used to identify genes differentially expressed in response to p. melanocephala via suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh). tester cdna was derived from the brown rust-resistant mutant after inoculation wi ...201222212461
production of xylanase under solid-state fermentation by aspergillus tubingensis jp-1 and its application.the production of extracellular xylanase by a locally isolated strain of aspergillus tubingensis jp-1 was studied under solid-state fermentation. among the various agro residues used wheat straw was found to be the best for high yield of xylanase with poor cellulase production. the influence of various parameters such as initial ph, moisture, moistening agents, nitrogen sources, additives, surfactants and pretreatment of substrates were investigated. the production of the xylanase reached a peak ...201222271252
fiber fermentability effects on energy and macronutrient digestibility, fecal parameters, postprandial metabolite responses, and colon histology of overweight cats.considering the different potential benefits of divergent fiber ingredients, the effect of 3 fiber sources on the energy and macronutrient digestibility, fermentation product formation, postprandial metabolite responses, and colon histology of overweight cats fed kibble diets was compared. twenty-four healthy adult cats were assigned in a complete randomized block design to 2 groups of 12 animals, and 3 animals from each group were fed 1 of 4 of the following kibble diets: control (co; 11.5% die ...201222247109
in vivo interactions of entomopathogenic fungi, beauveria spp. and metarhizium anisopliae with selected opportunistic soil fungi of sugarcane ecosystem.in the present study, the interactions of entomopathogenic fungi viz., beauveria bassiana, beauveria brongniartii and metarhizium anisopliae among themselves and three other opportunistic soil fungi from the sugarcane ecosystem namely, fusarium saachari, aspergillus sp. and penecillium sp. were assayed in vivo against galleria mellonella larvae. the tested fungi were co-applied on iv instar g. mellonella @ 1 x 10(7) ml(-1), in combinations of two, at the interval of 24 hrs either preceding or su ...201223359998
chrysoporthe cubensis: a new source of cellulases and hemicellulases to application in biomass saccharification processes.the plant pathogenic fungus chrysoporthe cubensis was cultivated under solid state employing different substrates and the highest endoglucanase (33.84ug(-1)), fpase (2.52ug(-1)), β-glucosidase (21.55ug(-1)) and xylanase (362.38ug(-1)) activities were obtained using wheat bran as carbon source. cellulases and xylanase produced by c. cubensis showed maximal hydrolysis rate at ph 4.0 and in a temperature range of 50-60°c. all enzymatic activities were highly stable at 40 and 50°c through 48h of pre ...201223313674
solvent extraction of antioxidants from steam exploded sugarcane bagasse and enzymatic convertibility of the solid fraction.solvent extraction of steam exploded lignocellulosic biomass may be a potential way to obtain antioxidative extracts and to enhance the enzymatic convertibility of the solid residue. boiling solvent extraction (bse) showed higher solid and phenolic yields than room temperature extraction. solubilities of phenolics and sugars were higher in anhydrous ethanol (ae) and deionized water (dw) than in ethyl acetate under each individual extraction condition. the antioxidant activities of the ae and dw ...201223280180
rnai-mediated abrogation of trehalase expression does not affect trehalase activity in sugarcane.to engineer trehalose metabolism in sugarcane (saccharum spp. hybrids) two transgenes were introduced to the genome: trehalose-6-phosphate synthase- phosphatase (tpsp), to increase trehalose biosynthesis and an rnai transgene specific for trehalase, to abrogate trehalose catabolism. in rnai-expressing lines trehalase expression was abrogated in many plants however no decrease in trehalase activity was observed. in tpsp lines trehalase activity was significantly higher. no events of co-integratio ...201223539210
[assessment of health-related quality of life of sugarcane cutters in the pre-harvest and harvest periods].to assess health-related quality of life in sugarcane cutters.201223503542
description of a unique, complex feeding socket caused by the putative primitive root-knot nematode, meloidogyne kikuyensis.meloidogyne kikuyensis produces unique galls that form on one side of the root resembling nitrogen-fixing nodules that are produced on legumes in response to infection by rhizobium and related bacteria. the gall caused by this root-knot nematode is made up of a complex feeding socket composed of several giant cells that are ramified with xylem vessels extending perpendicular from the vascular cylinder. the anterior portion of the second-stage juvenile, which develops into an adult, plugs into th ...201223482409
tailor-made fructan synthesis in plants: a review.fructan, a fructose polymer, is produced by many bacteria and plants. fructan is used as carbohydrate reserve, and in bacteria also as protective outside layer. chicory is a commercial fructan producing crop. the disadvantage of this crop is its fructan breakdown before harvest. studies using genetically modification showed that fructan biosynthesis is difficult to steer in chicory. alternatives for production of tailor-made fructan, fructan with a desired polymer length and linkage type, are or ...201223465900
genomic insights into strategies used by xanthomonas albilineans with its reduced artillery to spread within sugarcane xylem vessels.xanthomonas albilineans causes leaf scald, a lethal disease of sugarcane. x. albilineans exhibits distinctive pathogenic mechanisms, ecology and taxonomy compared to other species of xanthomonas. for example, this species produces a potent dna gyrase inhibitor called albicidin that is largely responsible for inducing disease symptoms; its habitat is limited to xylem; and the species exhibits large variability. a first manuscript on the complete genome sequence of the highly pathogenic x. albilin ...201223171051
the type iii secretion system is necessary for the development of a pathogenic and endophytic interaction between herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans and poaceae.herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans was first identified as a bacterial plant pathogen, causing the mottled stripe disease in sugarcane. h. rubrisubalbicans can also associate with various plants of economic interest in a non pathogenic manner.201222672506
ethanol fermentation of sugarcane molasses by zymomonas mobilis mtcc 92 immobilized in luffa cylindrica l. sponge discs and ca-alginate matrices.bio-ethanol production from cane molasses (diluted to 15 % sugar w/v) was studied using the bacterium, zymomonas mobilis mtcc 92 entrapped in luffa (luffa cylindrica l.) sponge discs and ca-alginate gel beads as the immobilizing matrices. at the end of 96 h fermentation, the final ethanol concentrations were 58.7 ± 0.09 and 59.1 ± 0.08 g/l molasses with luffa and ca-alginate entrapped z. mobilis cells, respectively exhibiting 83.25 ± 0.03 and 84.6 ± 0.02 % sugar conversion. there was no statisti ...201224031981
effect of acid hydrolysis and fungal biotreatment on agro-industrial wastes for obtainment of free sugars for bioethanol production.this study was designed to evaluate selected chemical and microbiological treatments for the conversion of certain local agro-industrial wastes (rice straw, corn stalks, sawdust, sugar beet waste and sugarcane bagasse) to ethanol. the chemical composition of these feedstocks was determined. conversion of wastes to free sugars by acid hydrolysis varied from one treatment to another. in single-stage dilute acid hydrolysis, increasing acid concentration from 1 % (v/v) to 5 % (v/v) decreased the con ...201224031984
plant growth-promoting nitrogen-fixing enterobacteria are in association with sugarcane plants growing in guangxi, china.the current nitrogen fertilization for sugarcane production in guangxi, the major sugarcane-producing area in china, is very high. we aim to reduce nitrogen fertilization and improve sugarcane production in guangxi with the help of indigenous sugarcane-associated nitrogen-fixing bacteria. we initially obtained 196 fast-growing bacterial isolates associated with the main sugarcane cultivar roc22 plants in fields using a nitrogen-deficient minimal medium and screened out 43 nitrogen-fixing isolate ...201222510648
production of succinic acid from sucrose and sugarcane molasses by metabolically engineered escherichia coli.sucrose-utilizing genes (csckb and csca) from escherichia coli ko11 were cloned and expressed in a metabolically engineered e. coli kj122 to enhance succinate production from sucrose. kj122 harboring a recombinant plasmid, pkjsuc, was screened for the efficient sucrose utilization by growth-based selection and adaptation. kj122-pkjsuc-24t efficiently utilized sucrose in a low-cost medium to produce high succinate concentration with less accumulation of by-products. succinate concentrations of 51 ...201222023966
Recombinant expression, localization and in vitro inhibition of midgut cysteine peptidase (Sl-CathL) from sugarcane weevil, Sphenophorus levis.A cDNA coding for a digestive cathepsin L, denominated Sl-CathL, was isolated from a cDNA library of Sphenophorus levis larvae, representing the most abundant EST (10.49%) responsible for proteolysis in the midgut. The open reading frame of 972bp encodes a preproenzyme similar to midgut cathepsin L-like enzymes in other coleopterans. Recombinant Sl-CathL was expressed in Pichia pastoris, with molecular mass of about 42kDa. The recombinant protein was catalytically activated at low pH and the mat ...201222100428
Ethanol production by continuous fermentation of d-(+)-cellobiose, d-(+)-xylose and sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate using the thermoanaerobe Caloramator boliviensis.The recently isolated anaerobic bacterium Caloramator boliviensis with an optimum growth temperature of 60°C can efficiently convert hexoses and pentoses into ethanol. When fermentations of pure sugars and a pentose-rich sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate were carried out in a packed bed reactor with immobilized cells of C. boliviensis, more than 98% of substrates were converted. Ethanol yields of 0.40-0.46g/g of sugar were obtained when sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate was fermented. These features rev ...201222055102
on-line identification of further flavone c- and o-glycosides from sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l., gramineae) by hplc-uv-ms.hplc-uv-ms (apci-ms/ms and cid/ms) was utilised for the identification of eight additional flavone glycosides from sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l., gramineae) extracts of bagasse, leaves and juice ('garapa'). relevant information about substitution patterns was obtained through uv detection using post-column addition of shift reagents, while tandem ms provided structural information confirming the proposed structures of the c-glycosides vitexin, orientin, luteolin-8-c-(rhamnosylglucoside), 4 ...201217019935
oviposition behavior of diatraea saccharalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) on different rice cultivars in louisiana.the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.), is a pest of a variety of graminaceous crops in the southern united states, including sugarcane, maize, and rice in louisiana. this study examined several aspects of d. saccharalis oviposition behavior on rice (oryza sativa). the vertical distribution of egg masses on four phenological stages of rice in the field showed that d. saccharalis prefers to oviposit on the uppermost portions of rice plants, regardless of plant stage. in greenhouse choice ...201222732615
the nearctic-caribbean species leptotrachelus dorsalis (fabricius, 1801): larval descriptions with a diagnosis of immature ctenodactylini and natural history notes on the genus and tribe (coleoptera, carabidae).adults and larvae of leptotrachelus dorsalis (fabricius), the sugarcane savior beetle, live in association with grasses, the larvae in the appressed leaf axils. both adult and larval leptotrachelus dorsalis eat larvae of the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (fabricius), and perhaps other insects living in the confines of the leaf sheaths of that and other grass-like species. the geographic range of leptotrachelus dorsalis extends from kansas in the west to the atlantic seaboard, north as fa ...201222679382
sugarwin: a sugarcane insect-induced gene with antipathogenic activity.in sugarcane fields, colonization of the stalk by opportunistic fungi usually occurs after the caterpillar diatraea saccharalis attacks the sugarcane plant. plants respond to insect attack by inducing and accumulating a large set of defense proteins. two homologues of a barley wound-inducible protein (barwin), sugarcane wound-inducible proteins sugarwin1 and sugarwin2, have been identified in sugarcane by an in silico analysis. antifungal properties have been described for a number of barwin hom ...201222250584
microarray analysis of global gene regulation in the cry1ab-resistant and cry1ab-susceptible strains of diatraea saccharalis.extensive adoption of transgenic bt corn in recent years for stalk borer control has increased risk of resistance evolution in the target pest populations. a bt-resistant strain of the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis, was approximately 100-fold more tolerant to cry1ab toxin than the susceptible counterpart. to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of bt resistance, the cry1ab-susceptible (cry1ab-ss) and cry1ab-resistant (cry1ab-rr) strains of d. saccharalis were subjected ...201222228544
integrated ecological risk assessment of pesticides in tropical ecosystems: a case study with carbofuran in brazil.the aim of the present study is to contribute an ecologically relevant assessment of the ecotoxicological effects of pesticide applications in agricultural areas in the tropics, using an integrated approach with information gathered from soil and aquatic compartments. carbofuran, an insecticide/nematicide used widely on sugarcane crops, was selected as a model substance. to evaluate the toxic effects of pesticide spraying for soil biota, as well as the potential indirect effects on aquatic biota ...201222068639
feasibility of using an alternative larval host and host plants to establish cotesia flavipes (hymenoptera: braconidae) in the temperate louisiana sugarcane ecosystem.attempts to establish cotesia flavipes cameron (hymenoptera: braconidae) in louisiana sugarcane fields to control the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.) (lepidoptera: crambidae) have been unsuccessful. experiments were conducted to investigate the feasibility of using an alternative larval host and host plants to overcome barriers preventing establishment. in addition, we evaluated c. flavipes' ability to search for d. saccharalis in sugarcane without above-ground internodes. diatraea ev ...201222506999
elephant grass, sugarcane, and rice bran in diets for confined sheep.we aimed to evaluate the effects of diets, based on elephant grass or sugarcane as roughage and corn meal or rice bran as energy concentrate, on performance and body composition in terms of diet intake and digestibility. a total of 30 santa ines crossbreds (sic), castrated male sheep with 19.8 ± 2.0 kg initial body weight (bw) were used. six animals were slaughtered at the onset of the experiment to estimate the initial body composition for the other animals. the remaining 24 animals were distri ...201222528534
dietary nitrate supplementation reduces methane emission in beef cattle fed sugarcane-based diets.the objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary nitrate on methane emission and rumen fermentation parameters in nellore × guzera (bos indicus) beef cattle fed a sugarcane based diet. the experiment was conducted with 16 steers weighing 283 ± 49 kg (mean ± sd), 6 rumen cannulated and 10 intact steers, in a cross-over design. the animals were blocked according to bw and presence or absence of rumen cannula and randomly allocated to either the nitrate diet (22 g nitrate/kg dm) o ...201222287674
measurement and analysis of the mannitol partition coefficient in sucrose crystallization under simulated industrial conditions.mannitol is a major deterioration product of leuconstoc mesenteroides bacterial metabolism of sucrose and fructose from both sugarcane and sugar beet. the effect of crystallization conditions on the mannitol partition coefficient (k(eff)) between impure sucrose syrup and crystal has been investigated in a batch laboratory crystallizer and a batch pilot plant-scale vacuum pan. laboratory crystallization was operated at 65.5°c (150°f), 60.0°c (140°f), and 51.7°c (125°f) with a 78.0 brix (% refract ...201222632769
vermicomposting of milk processing industry sludge spiked with plant wastes.this work illustrates the vermistabilization of wastewater sludge from a milk processing industry (mpis) unit spiked with cow dung (cd), sugarcane trash (st) and wheat straw (ws) employing earthworms eisenia fetida. a total of nine experimental vermibeds were established and changes in chemical parameters of waste material have been observed for 90 days. vermistabilization caused significant reduction in ph, organic carbon and c:n ratio and substantial increase in total n, available p and exchan ...201222609678
influence of different supplements and sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) cultivars on intake, digestible variables and methane production of dairy heifers under tropical conditions.the sulphur hexafluoride (sf(6)) gas tracer method was used to measure methane (ch(4)) production of crossbred (3/4 holstein x zebu) dairy heifers fed two types of sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.; cultivar iac-862480 (cc1) or cultivar iac-873184 (cc2)) and supplemented with urea or concentrate. the study was performed at embrapa southeast cattle, são carlos, sp, brazil, using a completely randomised design. differences between treatments were significant for digestibility of dry matter, orga ...201222476735
short communication: nutrient utilization of fresh sugarcane-based diets with slow-release nonprotein nitrogen addition for control-fed dairy heifers.an experiment was conducted to determine the effect of replacing soybean protein (sbm) with a slow-release urea (sr-u) in control-fed dairy heifers in the tropics. eight holstein heifers (237.6±5.45 kg of body weight) were allocated to 2 treatments in a crossover design. treatments were control (sbm) and sr-u (optigen ii; alltech inc., nicholasville, ky). the forage-to-concentrate ratio was 50:50 [dry matter (dm) basis], and fresh chopped sugarcane was the sole source of forage. data were analyz ...201222192216
use of plant residues on growth of mycorrhizal seedlings of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.).owing to its multiple uses in veterinary medicine, biofertilizers, pest control, etc., the commercial cultivation of neem (azadirachta indica) has been increasing in various countries. the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) and plant by-products (composted leaves and residues of neem and sugarcane) for the propagation of seedlings can be an efficient alternative to stimulate plant growth, reducing the propagation time and conferring increased tolerance of plants to biotic and abiotic stre ...201225363647
unintended consequences of bioethanol feedstock choice in china.economic, energy, and environmental impacts of 11 types of bioethanol feedstock in china were evaluated using a mixed-unit input-output life cycle assessment model. corn grain and wheat grain had higher negative economic, energy, and environmental impacts. sweet sorghum, cassava, sugar beet, and sugarcane showed better economic performance but increasing negative energy and environmental impacts. cellulose-based feedstocks in general showed positive economic, energy, and environmental performanc ...201223070140
the treatment of jaundice with medicinal plants in indigenous communities of the sub-himalayan region of uttarakhand, india.inspite of tremendous advances made in allopathic medical practices, herbs still play an important role in the management of various liver diseases. a large number of plants and formulations have been claimed to have hepatoprotective activity. jaundice is a symptom, indicative of the malfunctioning of the liver. this paper provides ethnomedicinal information on the plants used to treat jaundice by three important indigenous communities, i.e., nomadic gujjars, tharu and bhoxa of sub-himalayan reg ...201222759701
enzymatic activity and proteomic profile of class iii peroxidases during sugarcane stem development.class iii peroxidases are present as large multigene families in all land plants. this large number of genes together with the diversity of processes catalyzed by peroxidases suggests possible functional specialization of each isoform. however, assigning a precise role for each individual peroxidase gene has continued to be a major bottleneck. here we investigated the enzyme activity and translational profile of class iii peroxidases during stem development of sugarcane as a first step in the es ...201222551762
haplotype structure around bru1 reveals a narrow genetic basis for brown rust resistance in modern sugarcane cultivars.modern sugarcane cultivars (saccharum spp., 2n = 100-130) are high polyploid, aneuploid and of interspecific origin. a major gene (bru1) conferring resistance to brown rust, caused by the fungus puccinia melanocephala, has been identified in cultivar r570. we analyzed 380 modern cultivars and breeding materials covering the worldwide diversity with 22 molecular markers genetically linked to bru1 in r570 within a 8.2 cm segment. our results revealed a strong ld in the bru1 region and strong assoc ...201222572763
evaluation of in vitro and in vivo effects of semipurified proteinase inhibitors from theobroma seeds on midgut protease activity of lepidopteran pest insects.we have characterized in vitro and in vivo effects of trypsin inhibitors from theobroma seeds on the activity of trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like proteins from lepidopteran pest insects. the action of semipurified trypsin inhibitors from theobroma was evaluated by the inhibition of bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin activities determined by the hydrolysis of n-benzoyl-dl-arginine-p-nitroanilide (bapa) and n-succinyl-ala-ala-pho-phe p-nitroanilide (s-(ala)2prophe-pna). proteinase inhibitor activities ...201222806759
moisture source and diet affect development and reproduction of orius thripoborus and orius naivashae, two predatory anthocorids from southern africa.the effect of moisture source and diet on the development and reproduction of the pirate bugs, orius thripoborus (hesse) and orius naivashae (poppius) (hemiptera: anthocoridae) was examined in the laboratory. both species had been collected in and around sugarcane fields in south africa. supplementing eggs of the flour moth ephestia kuehniella (zeller) (lepidoptera: pyralidae) with a green bean pod as a moisture source yielded better nymphal survival and faster development, as compared with free ...201222935002
rna interference of endochitinases in the sugarcane endophyte trichoderma virens 223 reduces its fitness as a biocontrol agent of pineapple disease.the sugarcane root endophyte trichoderma virens 223 holds enormous potential as a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides in the control of sugarcane diseases. its efficacy as a biocontrol agent is thought to be associated with its production of chitinase enzymes, including n-acetyl-ß-d-glucosaminidases, chitobiosidases and endochitinases. we used targeted gene deletion and rna-dependent gene silencing strategies to disrupt n-acetyl-ß-d-glucosaminidase and endochitinase activities of the ...201223110120
occupational exposure to pesticides and parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.to systematically review available cohort studies and estimate quantitatively the association between occupational exposure to pesticides and parkinson's disease (pd).201222698719
use of simple sequence repeat markers for dna fingerprinting and diversity analysis of sugarcane (saccharum spp) cultivars resistant and susceptible to red rot.red rod is an economically important disease of sugarcane caused by the fungus colletotrichum falcatum. we used a simple sequence repeat (ssr)-based marker system to identify and analyze genetic relationships of red rot resistant and susceptible sugarcane cultivars grown in pakistan. twenty-one highly polymorphic ssr markers were used for dna fingerprinting and genetic diversity analysis of 20 sugarcane cultivars. these ssr markers were found to be highly robust; we identified 144 alleles, with ...201222614346
functional characterization of sugarcane mustang domesticated transposases and comparative diversity in sugarcane, rice, maize and sorghum.transposable elements (tes) account for a large portion of plant genomes, particularly in grasses, in which they correspond to 50%-80% of the genomic content. tes have recently been shown to be a source of new genes and new regulatory networks. the most striking contribution of tes is referred as "molecular domestication", by which the element coding sequence loses its movement capacity and acquires cellular function. recently, domesticated transposases known as mustang and derived from the muta ...201223055803
whole-genome sequence of enterobacter sp. strain sst3, an endophyte isolated from jamaican sugarcane (saccharum sp.) stalk tissue.enterobacter sp. strain sst3 is an endophytic bacterium isolated from saccharum spp. here we present its annotated draft genome that may shed light on its role as a bacterial endophyte of sugarcane. to our knowledge, this is the first genome announcement of a sugarcane-associated bacterium from the genus enterobacter.201223045495
a review on soil carbon accumulation due to the management change of major brazilian agricultural activities.agricultural areas deal with enormous co2 intake fluxes offering an opportunity for greenhouse effect mitigation. in this work we studied the potential of soil carbon sequestration due to the management conversion in major agricultural activities in brazil. data from several studies indicate that in soybean/maize, and related rotation systems, a significant soil carbon sequestration was observed over the year of conversion from conventional to no-till practices, with a mean rate of 0.41 mg c ha( ...201223011303
bioconversion of sugarcane biomass into ethanol: an overview about composition, pretreatment methods, detoxification of hydrolysates, enzymatic saccharification, and ethanol fermentation.depleted supplies of fossil fuel, regular price hikes of gasoline, and environmental damage have necessitated the search for economic and eco-benign alternative of gasoline. ethanol is produced from food/feed-based substrates (grains, sugars, and molasses), and its application as an energy source does not seem fit for long term due to the increasing fuel, food, feed, and other needs. these concerns have enforced to explore the alternative means of cost competitive and sustainable supply of biofu ...201223251086
acetobacter okinawensis sp. nov., acetobacter papayae sp. nov., and acetobacter persicus sp. nov.; novel acetic acid bacteria isolated from stems of sugarcane, fruits, and a flower in japan.eleven strains of acetic acid bacteria were isolated from stems of sugarcane, fruits, and a flower in japan. the isolates were separated into three groups, groups i, ii, and iii, in the genus acetobacter according to phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna sequences. the isolates had sequence similarities of 99.8-100% within the group, 99.3-99.6% to those of the type strains of each related acetobacter species, and less than 98.4% to those of the type strains of other acetobacter species. genomi ...201222878741
effects of soil mechanical resistance on nematode community structure under conventional sugarcane and remaining of atlantic forest.nematodes present high potential as a biological indicator of soil quality. in this work, it was evaluated relations between soil physical properties and nematode community under sugarcane cropping and remaining of atlantic forest areas in northeastern pernambuco, brazil. soil samples were collected from september to november 2009 along two 200-m transects in both remaining of atlantic forest and sugarcane field at deeps of 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, and 40-50 cm. for soil characterization, it w ...201221769561
genetically modified sugarcane for bioenergy generation.sugarcane breeding has significantly progressed over the past 30 years, but attempts to further increase crop yield have been limited due to the complexity of the sugarcane genome. an alternative to boost the crop yield is the introduction of genes encoding desirable traits in the elite sugarcane cultivars. genetically modified sugarcane with increased yield and pest and disease resistance has already proven its value not only by the increased sugar content but also for the improvement of the cr ...201222093808
integrated versus stand-alone second generation ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse and trash.ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials is often conceived considering independent, stand-alone production plants; in the brazilian scenario, where part of the potential feedstock (sugarcane bagasse) for second generation ethanol production is already available at conventional first generation production plants, an integrated first and second generation production process seems to be the most obvious option. in this study stand-alone second generation ethanol production from surplus su ...201222019267
sugarcane improvement: how far can we go?in recent years, efforts to improve sugarcane have focused on the development of biotechnology for this crop. it has become clear that sugarcane lacks tools for the biotechnological route of improvement and that the initial efforts in sequencing ests had limited impact for breeding. until recently, the models used by breeders in statistical genetics approaches have been developed for diploid organisms, which are not ideal for a polyploid genome such as that of sugarcane. breeding programs are de ...201221983270
functional characterization and synergic action of fungal xylanase and arabinofuranosidase for production of xylooligosaccharides.plant cell wall degrading enzymes are key technological components in biomass bioconversion platforms for lignocellulosic materials transformation. cost effective production of enzymes and identification of efficient degradation routes are two economic bottlenecks that currently limit the use of renewable feedstocks through an environmental friendly pathway. the present study describes the hypersecretion of an endo-xylanase (gh11) and an arabinofuranosidase (gh54) by a fungal expression system w ...201222750495
recombinant expression and biochemical characterization of sugarcane legumain.plant legumains, also termed vacuolar processing enzymes (vpes), are cysteine peptidases that play key roles in plant development, senescence, programmed cell death and defense against pathogens. despite the increasing number of reports on plant cysteine peptidases, including vpes, the characterization of sugarcane vpes and their inhibition by endogenous cystatins have not yet been described. this is the first report of the biochemical characterization of a sugarcane cysteine peptidase. in this ...201222721948
a novel multienzyme complex from a newly isolated facultative anaerobic bacterium, paenibacillus sp. tw1.a multienzyme complex from newly isolated paenibacillus sp. tw1 was purified from pellet-bound enzyme preparations by elution with 0.25% sucrose and 1.0% triethylamine (tea), ultrafiltration and sephacryl s-400 gel filtration chromatography. the purified multienzyme complex showed a single protein band on non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native-page). the high molecular mass of the purified multienzyme complex was approximately 1,950 kda. the complex consisted of xylanase and c ...201222695526
identification of sense and antisense transcripts regulated by drought in sugarcane.sugarcane is an important sugar and energy crop that can be used efficiently for biofuels production. the development of sugarcane cultivars tolerant to drought could allow for the expansion of plantations to sub-prime regions. knowledge on the mechanisms underlying drought responses and its relationship with carbon partition would greatly help to define routes to increase yield. in this work we studied sugarcane responses to drought using a custom designed oligonucleotide array with 21,901 diff ...201222610347
influence of sugarcane burning on indoor/outdoor pah air pollution in brazil.this work presents the influence of sugarcane burning on pah levels and their profiles at a residence located in araraquara (sp, brazil), a city surrounded by sugarcane plantations. the average concentrations of total pahs (σpahs) associated with atmospheric particulate matter were higher during the burning period (σpahs 22.9 ng m(-3)) than in the non-burning period (σpah 2.35 ng m(-3)). a comparison of our results with previous studies regarding pah levels and their profiles in araraquara outdo ...201222578797
establishment of an in vitro regeneration system for genetic transformation of selected sugarcane genotypes.a good culture system provides considerable quantities of highly regenerable target tissues. embryogenic callus cultures are ideal for micro-projectile-mediated transformation, because regenerable cells are not very stable. effective exploitation of genetic transformation requires good regeneration systems. we selected three sugarcane genotypes for the establishment and optimization of good in vitro regeneration systems, viz., s-2003-us-359, s-2006-sp-30, and s-2003-us-165. three callus inductio ...201222535387
a bac library of the sp80-3280 sugarcane variety (saccharum sp.) and its inferred microsynteny with the sorghum genome.sugarcane breeding has significantly progressed in the last 30 years, but achieving additional yield gains has been difficult because of the constraints imposed by the complex ploidy of this crop. sugarcane cultivars are interspecific hybrids between saccharum officinarum and saccharum spontaneum. s. officinarum is an octoploid with 2n = 80 chromosomes while s. spontaneum has 2n = 40 to 128 chromosomes and ploidy varying from 5 to 16. the hybrid genome is composed of 70-80% s. officinaram and 5- ...201222524198
mass balance of pilot-scale pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse by steam explosion followed by alkaline delignification.five pilot-scale steam explosion pretreatments of sugarcane bagasse followed by alkaline delignification were explored. the solubilised lignin was precipitated with 98% sulphuric acid. most of the pentosan (82.6%), and the acetyl group fractions were solubilised during pretreatment, while 90.2% of cellulose and 87.0% lignin were recovered in the solid fraction. approximately 91% of the lignin and 72.5% of the pentosans contained in the steam-exploded solids were solubilised by delignification, r ...201222391588
production of a his-tagged canecystatin in transgenic sugarcane.transgenic plants have been widely used as expression systems of recombinant proteins in recent years because it can be an efficient alternative for the large-scale production of proteins. this is an area with great potential but is still not much explored. indeed, this system can bring a breakthrough in the expression of any protein. the model used here as a protein factory was sugarcane, a crop of great global importance. this chapter describes the system that has been adopted in the routine p ...201222351027
study of postures in sugarcane cutters in the pontal of paranapanema-sp, brazil.the expansion of sugarcane monoculture in brazil in the last decades has pointed out to the necessity of considering the question of sugarcane cutters occupational health. in this work we present a cross-sectional study aiming to examine the occupational posture of a group of sugarcane cutters, which work in a cane field located in the region of pontal do paranapanema- sp, brazil. the study was made using the ergonomic analysis of work - eaw methodology and the postural analysis method by win-ow ...201222317560
impacts of introducing a new tool for the manual harvesting of sugar cane: the ergonomic analysis contribution.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of introduction a new work tool on health and productivity of manual harvesting sugarcane workers. in this study it was performed aergonomic work analysis (ewa) to analyze the work tool changes.the study included sugarcane workers, drivers, fiscals, and technical's safety at work.during the analysis process, 134 questionnaires were applied,aimed to identify the constraints that such workers are submitted,to evaluate the tool introduced, in ord ...201222317488
protective gloves on manual sugar cane cutting are really effective?problems related to the use of personal protective equipment (ppe), specially the use of protective gloves for the manual sugar cane cutting, motivated this research, made possible by a tripartite negotiation involving the ministry of labor, the union of rural workers and the employer's association of sugarcane agribusiness. the main objective was to evaluate, from an ergonomics perspective, the impact of use of the gloves during the manual cane sugar cutting, raising questions on safety, effect ...201222317487
biocatalytic potential of an alkalophilic and thermophilic dextranase as a remedial measure for dextran removal during sugar manufacture.the present study is focused on dextranase from streptomyces sp. nk458 with potential to remove dextran formed during sugar manufacture. the dextranase had molecular weight of 130 kda and hydrolyzed 15-25 and 410 kda dextran. dextranase production was optimized using statistical designs and the enzyme was purified 1.8-fold with 55.5% recovery. it displayed maximum activity at ph 9.0 and 60°c and was stable over a wide range of ph from 5.0 to 10.0. the k(m) and v(max) values were 3.05 mm and 17.9 ...201222277209
correlation between agar plate screening and solid-state fermentation for the prediction of cellulase production by trichoderma strains.the viability of converting biomass into biofuels and chemicals still requires further development towards the reduction of the enzyme production costs. thus, there is a growing demand for the development of efficient procedures for selection of cellulase-producing microorganisms. this work correlates qualitative screening using agar plate assays with quantitative measurements of cellulase production during cultivation under solid-state fermentation (ssf). the initial screening step consisted of ...201223227312
genome sequence of enterobacter sp. strain sp1, an endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from sugarcane.enterobacter sp. strain sp1 is an endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from a sugarcane stem and can promote plant growth. the draft genome sequence of strain sp1 presented here will promote comparative genomic studies to determine the genetic background of interactions between endophytic enterobacteria and plants.201223209221
diversification of hat transposase paralogues in the sugarcane genome.transposons are abundant components of eukaryotic genomes, and play important role in genome evolution. the knowledge about these elements should contribute to the understanding of their impact on the host genomes. the hat transposon superfamily is one of the best characterized superfamilies in diverse organisms, nevertheless, a detailed study of these elements was never carried in sugarcane. to address this question we analyzed 32 cdnas similar to that of hat superfamily of transposons previous ...201222228195
a mixed model qtl analysis for sugarcane multiple-harvest-location trial data.sugarcane-breeding programs take at least 12 years to develop new commercial cultivars. molecular markers offer a possibility to study the genetic architecture of quantitative traits in sugarcane, and they may be used in marker-assisted selection to speed up artificial selection. although the performance of sugarcane progenies in breeding programs are commonly evaluated across a range of locations and harvest years, many of the qtl detection methods ignore two- and three-way interactions between ...201222159754
nonpoint source of nutrients and herbicides associated with sugarcane production and its impact on louisiana coastal water quality.a watershed analysis of nonpoint-source pollution associated with sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) production was conducted. runoff water samples following major rainfall events from two representative sugarcane fields (sc1 and sc2) were collected and analyzed. the impact of runoff on two receiving water bodies, st. james canal (sjc) and bayou chevreuil (bc) in a drainage basin (baratarian basin), was studied. results show that runoff flow/rainfall ratios at the sc1 were significantly higher ...201218948481
halopriming mediated salt and iso-osmotic peg stress tolerance and, gene expression profiling in sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.).seed priming is a well known pre-germination strategy that improves seed performance. however, biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying priming mediated stress tolerance are little understood. here, we report results of the study on growth, physiological characteristics and expression of stress responsive genes in salt primed sugarcane cv. co 86032 plants in response to salt (nacl, 150 mm) or iso-osmotic (-0.7 mpa) polyethylene glycol-peg 8000 (20 % w/v) stress exposure for 15 days. varia ...201222740137
enrichment of genomic dna for polymorphism detection in a non-model highly polyploid crop plant.large polyploid genomes of non-model species remain challenging targets for dna polymorphism discovery despite the increasing throughput and continued reductions in cost of sequencing with new technologies. for these species especially, there remains a requirement to enrich genomic dna to discover polymorphisms in regions of interest because of large genome size and to provide the sequence depth to enable estimation of copy number. various methods of enriching dna have been utilised, but some re ...201222624722
development of novel chloroplast microsatellite markers for miscanthus species (poaceae).a set of novel chloroplast microsatellite markers (cpssrs) was developed for the bioenergy crop miscanthus, and their utility in cross-species amplification was evaluated.201222615308
[cloning and expression pattern of a zinc finger protein gene shsap1 in saccharum officinarum].in plants, proteins with a20/an1 zinc finger domain are involved in stress responses, named as "stress associated protein" (sap) gene family. based on expressed sequence tag (est) sequences information in badila saccharum officinarum mature related cdna library, we cloned an sap gene from sugarcane full length cdna library, named shsap1 (genbank: accession no. hm991960). to characterize shsap1, we analyzed its genome structure and expression pattern. southern blot analysis showed shsap1 was pres ...201122034815
inference of subgenomic origin of bacs in an interspecific hybrid sugarcane cultivar by overlapping oligonucleotide hybridizations.sugarcane (saccharum spp.) breeders in the early 20th century made remarkable progress in increasing yield and disease resistance by crossing saccharum spontaneum l., a wild relative, to saccharum officinarum l., a traditional cultivar. modern sugarcane cultivars have approximately 71%-83% of their chromosomes originating from s. officinarum, approximately 10%-21% from s. spontaneum, and approximately 2%-13% recombinant or translocated chromosomes. in the present work, c(0)t-based cloning and se ...201121883018
antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory constituents from a desugared sugar cane extract, a byproduct of sugar production.recycling agricultural resources has become an important issue worldwide promoting the economical value of agricultural production processes. desugared sugar cane extract (dse) from saccharum officinarum is a byproduct obtained during sugar production. two new neolignan glucosides, saccharnan a (1) and saccharnan b (2), together with 10 known phenolics (3-12) were isolated from dse, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of nmr spectral analysis. compounds 3, 4, 8, and 9 showed good a ...201121770441
global climate niche estimates for bioenergy crops and invasive species of agronomic origin: potential problems and opportunities.the global push towards a more biomass-based energy sector is ramping up efforts to adopt regionally appropriate high-yielding crops. as potential bioenergy crops are being moved around the world an assessment of the climatic suitability would be a prudent first step in identifying suitable areas of productivity and risk. additionally, this assessment also provides a necessary step in evaluating the invasive potential of bioenergy crops, which present a possible negative externality to the bioec ...201121408056
c4 plants as biofuel feedstocks: optimising biomass production and feedstock quality from a lignocellulosic perspective.the main feedstocks for bioethanol are sugarcane (saccharum officinarum) and maize (zea mays), both of which are c(4) grasses, highly efficient at converting solar energy into chemical energy, and both are food crops. as the systems for lignocellulosic bioethanol production become more efficient and cost effective, plant biomass from any source may be used as a feedstock for bioethanol production. thus, a move away from using food plants to make fuel is possible, and sources of biomass such as w ...201121205189
conservation and divergence of plant lhp1 protein sequences and expression patterns in angiosperms and gymnosperms.floral transition is a critical and strictly regulated developmental process in plants. mutations in arabidopsis like heterochromatin protein 1 (atlhp1)/terminal flower 2 (tfl2) result in early and terminal flowers. little is known about the gene expression, function and evolution of plant lhp1 homologs, except for arabidopsis lhp1. in this study, the conservation and divergence of plant lhp1 protein sequences was analyzed by sequence alignments and phylogeny. lhp1 expression patterns were compa ...201121416255
chemical composition and enzymatic digestibility of sugarcane clones selected for varied lignin content.the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic materials is a major limitation for their conversion into fermentable sugars. lignin depletion in new cultivars or transgenic plants has been identified as a way to diminish this recalcitrance. in this study, we assessed the success of a sugarcane breeding program in selecting sugarcane plants with low lignin content, and report the chemical composition and agronomic characteristics of eleven experimental hybrids and two reference samples. the enzymatic diges ...201122145819
chemical and morphological characterization of sugarcane bagasse submitted to a delignification process for enhanced enzymatic digestibility.in recent years, biorefining of lignocellulosic biomass to produce multi-products such as ethanol and other biomaterials has become a dynamic research area. pretreatment technologies that fractionate sugarcane bagasse are essential for the successful use of this feedstock in ethanol production. in this paper, we investigate modifications in the morphology and chemical composition of sugarcane bagasse submitted to a two-step treatment, using diluted acid followed by a delignification process with ...201122122978
[men of the sugarcane fields and their hospitals: the architecture of health under the estado novo].the article explores the emergence of an architectural heritage in the realm of healthcare assistance for workers in the sugarcane agroindustry in brazil following enactment of the law known as the estatuto da lavoura canavieira (1941), under the auspices of the instituto do açúcar e do álcool and as part of estado novo policies (1937-1945). the institute proposed solutions based on surveys conducted at sugarcane mills in cane-producing states and on the medical and hospital system adopted by th ...201122240948
screening and production of ligninolytic enzyme by a marine-derived fungal pestalotiopsis sp. j63.marine-derived fungi are prone to produce structurally unique secondary metabolites, a considerable number of which display the promising biological properties and/or industrial applications. among those, ligninolytic enzymes have attracted great interest in recent years. in this work, about 20 strains were isolated from sea mud samples collected in the east china sea and then screened for their capacity to produce lignin-degrading enzymes. the results showed that a strain, named j63, had a grea ...201121947763
evaluation of grinding methods for pellets preparation aiming at the analysis of plant materials by laser induced breakdown spectrometry.it has been demonstrated that laser induced breakdown spectrometry (libs) can be used as an alternative method for the determination of macro (p, k, ca, mg) and micronutrients (b, fe, cu, mn, zn) in pellets of plant materials. however, information is required regarding the sample preparation for plant analysis by libs. in this work, methods involving cryogenic grinding and planetary ball milling were evaluated for leaves comminution before pellets preparation. the particle sizes were associated ...201121872013
sugar cane burning pollution and respiratory symptoms in schoolchildren in monte aprazível, southeastern brazil.to estimate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and to analyze associated factors as well as peak expiratory flow measurements in schoolchildren.201121829978
functional markers for gene mapping and genetic diversity studies in sugarcane.the database of sugarcane expressed sequence tags (est) offers a great opportunity for developing molecular markers that are directly associated with important agronomic traits. the development of new est-ssr markers represents an important tool for genetic analysis. in sugarcane breeding programs, functional markers can be used to accelerate the process and select important agronomic traits, especially in the mapping of quantitative traits loci (qtl) and plant resistant pathogens or qualitative ...201121798036
second generation ethanol in brazil: can it compete with electricity production?much of the controversy surrounding second generation ethanol production arises from the assumed competition with first generation ethanol production; however, in brazil, where bioethanol is produced from sugarcane, sugarcane bagasse and trash will be used as feedstock for second generation ethanol production. thus, second generation ethanol production may be primarily in competition with electricity production from the lignocellulosic fraction of sugarcane. a preliminary technical and economic ...201121795041
reuse of sugarcane bagasse ash (scba) to produce ceramic materials.sugarcane bagasse ash (scba) is a residue resulting from the burning of bagasse in boilers in the sugarcane/alcohol industry. scba has a very high silica concentration and contains aluminum, iron, alkalis and alkaline earth oxides in smaller amounts. in this work, the properties of sintered ceramic bodies were evaluated based on the concentration of scba, which replaced non-plastic material. the ash was mixed (up to 60 wt%) with a clayed raw material that is used to produce roof tiles. prismatic ...201121733619
cellulases and hemicellulases from endophytic acremonium species and its application on sugarcane bagasse hydrolysis.the aim of this work was to have cellulase activity and hemicellulase activity screenings of endophyte acremonium species (acremonium zeae ea0802 and acremonium sp. ea0810). both fungi were cultivated in submerged culture (sc) containing l -arabinose, d -xylose, oat spelt xylan, sugarcane bagasse, or corn straw as carbon source. in solid-state fermentation, it was tested as carbon source sugarcane bagasse or corn straw. the highest fpase, endoglucanase, and xylanase activities were produced by a ...201121573756
enzymatic hydrolysis of chemithermomechanically pretreated sugarcane bagasse and samples with reduced initial lignin content.chemithermomechanical (ctm) processing was used to pretreat sugarcane bagasse with the aim of increasing cell wall accessibility to hydrolytic enzymes. yields of the pretreated samples were in the range of 75-94%. disk refining and alkaline-ctm and alkaline/sulfite-ctm pretreatments yielded pretreated materials with 21.7, 17.8, and 15.3% of lignin, respectively. hemicellulose content was also decreased to some extent. fibers of the pretreated materials presented some external fibrillation, fiber ...201121344677
characterization of commercial cellulases and their use in the saccharification of a sugarcane bagasse sample pretreated with dilute sulfuric acid.this study aimed to correlate the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose contained in a sugarcane bagasse sample pretreated with dilute h(2)so(4) with the levels of independent variables such as initial content of solids and loadings of enzymes and surfactant (tween 20), for two cellulolytic commercial preparations. the preparations, designated cellulase i and cellulase ii, were characterized regarding the activities of total cellulases, endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, cellobiase, ...201120953894
evaluating the use of predatory insects as bioindicators of metals contamination due to sugarcane cultivation in neotropical streams.streams located in areas of sugarcane cultivation receive high concentrations of metal ions from soils of the adjacent areas causing accumulation of metals in the aquatic sediment. this impact results in environmental problems and leads to bioaccumulation of metal ions in aquatic organisms. in the present study, metal concentrations in different predatory insects were studied in streams near sugarcane cultivation and compared to reference sites. possible utilisation of predatory insects as bioin ...201120711857
phytotherapy in medieval serbian medicine according to the pharmacological manuscripts of the chilandar medical codex (15-16th centuries).the chilandar medical codex is the most significant and best preserved medieval serbian manuscript and collects together documents on european medical science from the 12th to 15th centuries. it represents the best-known and most complete example of a large collection of medical manuscripts from the salerno-montpellier school, written in the vernacular - something which does not exist among the majority of european nations. this paper presents the section of the codex that deals with phytotherap ...201121708242
in vivo genotoxicity evaluation of atrazine and atrazine-based herbicide on fish carassius auratus using the micronucleus test and the comet assay.atrazine is a selective triazine herbicide used to control broadleaf and grassy weeds mainly in corn, sorghum, sugarcane, pineapple, and other crops, and in conifer reforestation planting fields. it has been showed that atrazine is one of the most frequently detected pesticides in agricultural streams and rivers, over the past two decades. although the toxic properties of atrazine are well known, the data on the genotoxic effects of atrazine on aquatic organisms are rather scarce. thus, in the p ...201121443921
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