Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted descending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
escherichia coli o157:h7 stress and virulence gene expression on romaine lettuce using comparative real-time pcr.foodborne outbreaks attributed to the contamination of fresh produce with escherichia coli o157:h7 are a growing concern. in particular, leafy-green vegetables, including lettuce and spinach, are susceptible to contamination by irrigation water, manure, and food processing and storage practices. the survival of e. coli o157:h7 and natural microflora on romaine lettuce stored at 4 degrees c and 15 degrees c over a 9-day period was evaluated by plate counts. a two-step reverse-transcription compar ...200919248811
multistate outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infection associated with consumption of packaged spinach, august-september 2006: the wisconsin investigation.escherichia coli o157:h7 infection often causes hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome.200919265476
biofunctionalized magnetic nanoparticle integrated mid-infrared pathogen sensor for food matrixes.magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with anti-escherichia coli o157:h7 or anti-salmonella typhimurium antibodies that can specifically bind to their target organisms were used to isolate e. coli o157:h7 and s. typhimurium separately from a cocktail of bacteria and from food matrixes. the pathogens were then detected using label-free ir fingerprinting. the binding and detection protocol was first validated using a benchtop ft-ir spectrometer and then applied to a portable mid-ir spectrometer to ...200919281189
thylakoids promote release of the satiety hormone cholecystokinin while reducing insulin in healthy humans.the effects of a promising new appetite suppressor named "thylakoids" (membrane proteins derived from spinach leaves) were examined in a single meal in man. thylakoids inhibit the lipase/colipase hydrolysis of triacylglycerols in vitro and suppress food intake, decrease body-weight gain and raise the satiety hormone cholecystokinin (cck) in rats, but their effects in man remain unclear. the aim of this study was to investigate whether thylakoids, when added to a test meal, affect appetite regula ...200919308799
[estimation of the daily intake of nitrate based on analysis of total diet samples].the concentrations of nitrates in total diet samples prepared at 11 places were determined according to the market basket method, and the daily intake of nitrates was estimated based on the analysis results. the mean estimated daily intake of nitrates was 200 mg/man/day (4.0 mg/kg/day) and exceeded the adi (3.7 mg/kg/day) set by the jecfa by 8%. the principal sources of the nitrates were colored vegetables (7th food group) and other vegetables, seaweeds and mushrooms (8th food group), and the in ...200919325223
gene expression induced in escherichia coli o157:h7 upon exposure to model apple juice.escherichia coli o157:h7 has caused serious outbreaks of food-borne illness via transmission in a variety of food vehicles, including unpasteurized apple juice, dried salami, and spinach. to understand how this pathogen responds to the multiple stresses of the food environment, we compared global transcription patterns before and after exposure to model apple juice. transcriptomes of mid-exponential- and stationary-phase cells were evaluated after 10 min in model apple juice (ph 3.5) using micro ...200919346340
evaluation of treatments for elimination of foodborne pathogens on the surface of leaves and roots of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.).several outbreaks of salmonella and escherichia coli o157:h7 infections have been associated with consumption of leafy greens. questions remain concerning the ability of these pathogens to become internalized within lettuce and spinach tissues. an effective validated surface disinfection method for lettuce is needed before factors affecting internalization of pathogens can be studied. the objective of this study was to develop a surface disinfection method for lettuce leaves and roots. iceberg l ...200919350966
a microbiological survey of selected alberta-grown fresh produce from farmers' markets in alberta, canada.previously there was no available information on the levels of indicator bacteria and the prevalence of pathogens in fresh produce grown in alberta, canada. baseline information on the occurrence and levels of escherichia coli and the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in selected produce items available to consumers from farmers' and public markets in two large urban centers and surrounding areas in alberta was obtained. a total of 10 large markets with between 1 and 12 produce vendors and 26 sm ...200919350990
conformational changes in a plant ketol-acid reductoisomerase upon mg(2+) and nadph binding as revealed by two crystal structures.ketol-acid reductoisomerase (kari; ec 1.1.1.86) is an enzyme in the branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis pathway where it catalyzes the conversion of 2-acetolactate into (2r)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-isovalerate or the conversion of 2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate into (2r,3r)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylvalerate. kari catalyzes two reactions-alkyl migration and reduction-and requires mg(2+) and nadph for activity. to date, the only reported structures for a plant kari are those of the spinach enzyme-mn(2+)-(phosp ...200919362563
detection of live salmonella sp. cells in produce by a taqman-based quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time pcr targeting inva mrna.salmonella enterica contamination in foods is a significant concern for public health. when dna detection methods are used for analysis of foods, one of the major concerns is false-positive results from the detection of dead cells. to circumvent this crucial issue, a taqman quantitative real-time rt-pcr (qrt-pcr) assay with an rna internal control was developed. inva rna standards were used to determine the detection limit of this assay as well as to determine inva mrna levels in mid-exponential ...200919376910
a statistical analysis to assess the maturity and stability of six composts.despite the long-time application of organic waste derived composts to crops, there is still no universally accepted index to assess compost maturity and stability. the research presented in this article investigated the suitability of seven types of seeds for use in germination bioassays to assess the maturity and phytotoxicity of six composts. the composts used in the study were derived from cow manure, sea weeds, olive pulp, poultry manure and municipal solid waste. the seeds used in the germ ...200919117746
efficacy of chlorine and acidified sodium chlorite on microbial population and quality changes of spinach leaves.efficacy of washing with distilled water, chlorine solution, and acidified sodium chlorite (asc) solution on populations of microorganisms on spinach leaves was evaluated. washing with chlorine (100 mg/l) and asc (sodium chlorite, 15 mg/l; citric acid, 200 mg/l) resulted in significant population reduction (1.1-1.9 log cfu/g) of aerobic microflora, coliform, and escherichia coli o157:h7 (p < 0.05). there was no remarkable difference in decontamination efficacy between chlorine and asc solution. ...200919422304
structure of the c14 rotor ring of the proton translocating chloroplast atp synthase.the structure of the membrane integral rotor ring of the proton translocating f(1)f(0) atp synthase from spinach chloroplasts was determined to 3.8 a resolution by x-ray crystallography. the rotor ring consists of 14 identical protomers that are symmetrically arranged around a central pore. comparisons with the c(11) rotor ring of the sodium translocating atpase from ilyobacter tartaricus show that the conserved carboxylates involved in proton or sodium transport, respectively, are 10.6-10.8 a a ...200919423706
distribution and major sources of flavonoid intakes in the middle-aged japanese women.we estimated the intake of individual flavonoids in a cross sectional study and clarified the major sources contributing to the flavonoid levels in the middle-aged japanese women by a 24-h weighed dietary record study. the subjects included in the study were 516 free-living women. each subject completed a 24-h weighed dietary record and received a health check-up. we used the functional food factor database for estimating the intake of 5 major flavonoid intakes, i.e. flavan-3-ols, isoflavones, f ...200919430611
effects of organic matter on acidic electrolysed water for reduction of foodborne pathogens on lettuce and spinach.to evaluate the efficacy of acidic electrolysed water (ew) in the presence of organic matter (bovine serum) on the inoculated surfaces of lettuce and spinach.200819120630
characterization of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolates associated with two multistate food-borne outbreaks that occurred in 2006.shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolates from two 2006 outbreaks were compared to other o157:h7 isolates for virulence genotype, biofilm formation, and stress responses. spinach- and lettuce-related-outbreak strains had similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, and all carried both stx2 and stx2c variant genes. cooperative biofilm formation involving an e. coli o157:h7 strain and a non-o157:h7 strain was also demonstrated.200818083883
effect of electrolyzed water for reduction of foodborne pathogens on lettuce and spinach.the ability of electrolyzed water (ew) to inactivate foodborne pathogens on the surfaces of lettuce and spinach was investigated. lettuce and spinach leaves were inoculated with a cocktail of 3 strains each of escherichia col o157:h7, salmnonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes and treated with acidic electrolyzed water (ac-ew), alkaline electrolyzed water (ak-ew), alkaline electrolyzed water followed by acidic electrolyzed water (sequential treatment, ak-ew + ac-ew), deionized water fol ...200819241556
coliforms and prevalence of escherichia coli and foodborne pathogens on minimally processed spinach in two packing plants.minimally processed spinach has been recently associated with outbreaks of foodborne illnesses. this study investigated the effect of commercial minimal processing of spinach on the coliform and escherichia coli counts and the prevalence of e. coli o157:h7, salmonella, shigella spp., and listeria monocytogenes on two types of spinach before and after minimal processing. a total of 1,356 spinach samples (baby spinach, n = 574; savoy spinach, n = 782) were collected daily in two processing plants ...200819244890
reduction of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella on baby spinach, using electron beam radiation.the effect of low-dose electron beam (e-beam) radiation on the reduction of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella in spinach was studied. fresh baby spinach (spinacia oleracea) was inoculated with a bacterial cocktail containing multiple strains of rifampin-resistant e. coli o157:h7 and rifampin-resistant salmonella. inoculated samples were exposed to e-beam radiation from a linear accelerator and tested for counts of both e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella. irradiated spinach was also stored for ...200819244893
steam cooking significantly improves in vitro bile acid binding of collard greens, kale, mustard greens, broccoli, green bell pepper, and cabbage.bile acid binding capacity has been related to the cholesterol-lowering potential of foods and food fractions. lowered recirculation of bile acids results in utilization of cholesterol to synthesize bile acid and reduced fat absorption. secondary bile acids have been associated with increased risk of cancer. bile acid binding potential has been related to lowering the risk of heart disease and that of cancer. previously, we have reported bile acid binding by several uncooked vegetables. however, ...200819083431
cellular transport of lutein is greater from uncooked rather than cooked spinach irrespective of whether it is fresh, frozen, or canned.lutein, a carotenoid found in significant levels in spinach, has attracted a great deal of attention owing to its reported function as a shield against the photooxidative effects of blue light. therefore, the rationale of this study was to examine the effects of various processing and cooking methods on lutein bioavailability from spinach (spinacia oleracea) using an in vitro digestion procedure coupled with the use of a human intestinal caco-2 cell model. fresh, frozen, and canned spinach were ...200819083456
dietary sources of aldose reductase inhibitors: prospects for alleviating diabetic complications.activation of polyol pathway due to increased aldose reductase activity is one of the several mechanisms that have been implicated in the development of various secondary complications of diabetes. though numerous synthetic aldose reductase inhibitors have been tested, these have not been very successful clinically. therefore, a number of common plant/ natural products used in indian culinary have been evaluated for their aldose reductase inhibitory potential in the present study. the aqueous ex ...200819114390
[bioavailability of as, cu and zn in two soils as affected by application of chicken manure and pig manure].animal manures contain higher as, cu and zn since organoarsenicals, copper and zinc additives are widely used in modern intensive animal production. a pot experiment in water spinach was conducted to investigate as, cu and zn bioavailability in a paddy soil (ps) and a lateritic red soil (lrs) applied with 2% and 4% (mass fraction) chicken manure (cm) and pig manure (pm), respectively. soils without any fertilizer were included as the checks (ck). the results show that nearly all treatments with ...200819068649
optical mapping and 454 sequencing of escherichia coli o157 : h7 isolates linked to the us 2006 spinach-associated outbreak.optical maps for five representative clinical, food-borne and bovine-derived isolates from the 2006 escherichia coli o157 : h7 outbreak linked to fresh spinach in the united states showed a common set of 14 distinct chromosomal markers that define the outbreak strain. partial 454 dna sequencing was used to characterize the optically mapped chromosomal markers. the markers included insertions, deletions, substitutions and a simple single nucleotide polymorphism creating a bamhi site. the shiga to ...200818957604
irradiation in the production, processing and handling of food. final rule.the food and drug administration (fda) is amending the food additive regulations to provide for the safe use of ionizing radiation for control of food-borne pathogens, and extension of shelf-life, in fresh iceberg lettuce and fresh spinach (hereinafter referred to in this document as "iceberg lettuce and spinach") at a dose up to 4.0 kilo gray (kgy). this action is in partial response to a petition filed by the national food processors association on behalf of the food irradiation coalition.200818958941
[overexpression of spinacia oleracea betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (sobadh) gene confers the salt and cold tolerant in gossypium hirsutum l].the open reading frame of spinacia oleracea betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (sobadh) was retrieved from spinacia oleracea and inserted into the agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector pbin438, which was driven by camv35s promoter, and produced the new binary vector pbsb. a. tumefaciens lba4404 carrying this plasmid was used in genetic transformation of plants. forty-five primary transgenic plants were detected by pcr and verified by the southern blotting from 65 regenerated plants, of which 27 tr ...200818998552
affinity tags can reduce merohedral twinning of membrane protein crystals.this work presents a comparison of the crystal packing of three eukaryotic membrane proteins: human aquaporin 1, human aquaporin 5 and a spinach plasma membrane aquaporin. all were purified from expression constructs both with and without affinity tags. with the exception of tagged aquaporin 1, all constructs yielded crystals. two significant effects of the affinity tags were observed: crystals containing a tag typically diffracted to lower resolution than those from constructs encoding the prot ...200819020358
pi-interaction tuning of the active site properties of metalloproteins.the influence of pi-interactions with a his ligand have been investigated in a family of copper-containing redox metalloproteins. the met16phe and met16trp pseudoazurin, and leu12phe spinach and leu14phe phormidium laminosum plastocyanin variants possess active-site pi-contacts between the introduced residue and his81 and his87/92 respectively. the striking overlap of the side chain of phe16 in the met16phe variant and that of met16 in wild type pseudoazurin identifies that this position provide ...200818939838
characterization of a resistance locus (pfs-1) to the spinach downy mildew pathogen (peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinaciae) and development of a molecular marker linked to pfs-1.downy mildew is a destructive disease of spinach worldwide. there have been 10 races described since 1824, six of which have been identified in the past 10 years. race identification is based on qualitative disease reactions on a set of diverse host differentials which include open-pollinated cultivars, contemporary hybrid cultivars, and older hybrid cultivars that are no longer produced. the development of a set of near-isogenic open-pollinated spinach lines (nils), having different resistance ...200818943207
flow injection preconcentration system using a new functionalized resin for determination of cadmium and nickel in tobacco samples.a solid-phase extraction method combined with flow injection (fi) on-line flame atomic absorption spectrometry (faas) for the determination of cadmium and nickel in tobacco samples is presented. the 2-aminothiophenol functionalized amberlite xad-4 (at-xad) resin was synthesized by covalent coupling of the ligand with the copolymer through a methylene group. a minicolumn packed with at-xad was connected into the automated on-line preconcentration system. elution of metal ions from minicolumn can ...200818155353
altered utilization of n-acetyl-d-galactosamine by escherichia coli o157:h7 from the 2006 spinach outbreak.in silico analyses of previously sequenced strains of escherichia coli o157:h7, edl933 and sakai, localized the gene cluster for the utilization of n-acetyl-d-galactosamine (aga) and d-galactosamine (gam). this gene cluster encodes the aga phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (pts) and other catabolic enzymes responsible for transport and catabolism of aga. as the complete coding sequences for enzyme iia (eiia)(aga/gam), eiib(aga), eiic(aga), and eiid(aga) of the aga pts ar ...200818156259
microbiological quality of bagged cut spinach and lettuce mixes.analysis of 100 bagged lettuce and spinach samples showed mean total bacterial counts of 7.0 log(10) cfu/g and a broad range of < 4 to 8.3 log10 cfu/g. most probable numbers (mpn) of > or = 11,000/g coliforms were found in 55 samples, and generic escherichia coli bacteria were detected in 16 samples, but no e. coli count exceeded 10 mpn/g.200818156327
effect of x-radiation on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant systems in rats treated with saponin-containing compounds.the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three saponin-containing plant species extracts (aesculuc hippocastanum l. seed extract [ahe], medicago sativa l. extract [mse] and spinacia oleracea l. extract [soe]) on lipid peroxidation and on antioxidant systems in rats exposed to x-rays (xr). the rats were divided into three categories. the first category served as controls and received only a standard diet. the second category served as the radiation group and received 5 and 10 gy xr ...200818173726
biochemical characterization of a mitochondrial-like organelle from blastocystis sp. subtype 7.a mitochondrion-like organelle (mlo) was isolated from isotonic homogenates of blastocystis. the organelle sedimented at 5000 g for 10 min, and had an isopycnic density in sucrose of 1.2 g ml(-1). biochemical characterization enabled the demonstration of several key enzymes that allowed the construction of a metabolic pathway consisting of an incomplete krebs cycle linked to the oxygen-sensitive enzymes pyruvate : nadp(+) oxidoreductase (pno), acetate : succinate coa transferase (asct) and succi ...200818757809
flippase activity in proteoliposomes reconstituted with spinacea oleracea endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins: evidence of biogenic membrane flippase in plants.phospholipid translocation (flip-flop) in biogenic (self-synthesizing) membranes such as the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotic cells (rat liver) and bacterial cytoplasmic membranes is a fundamental step in membrane biogenesis. it is known that flip-flop in these membranes occurs without a metabolic energy requirement, bidirectionally with no specificity for phospholipid headgroup. in this study, we demonstrate for the first time atp-independent flippase activity in endoplasmic reticulum membra ...200818767811
isolation and spectral characterization of photosystem ii reaction center from synechocystis sp. pcc 6803.we isolated highly-purified photochemically active photosystem (ps) ii reaction center (rc) complexes from the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc 6803 using a histidine-tag introduced to the 47 kda chlorophyll protein, and characterized their spectroscopic properties. purification was carried out in a one-step procedure after isolation of ps ii core complex. the rc complexes consist of five polypeptides, the same as in spinach. the pigment contents per two molecules of pheophytin a were 5.8 +/ ...200818780157
55mn-endor of the s2-state multiline signal of photosystem ii from thermosynechococcus elongatus.pulse epr and 55mn-endor (electron nuclear double resonance) experiments at 34 ghz (q-band) were performed on the s2 state of the oec (oxygen-evolving complex) in psii (photosystem ii) from thermosynechococcus elongatus. the endor spectra are discussed with respect to earlier data obtained from x- (9 ghz) and q-band experiments on psii preparations from spinach with and without the addition of methanol.200818793178
failure to induce oral tolerance in mice is predictive of dietary allergenic potency among foods with sensitizing capacity.animal models are needed to assess novel proteins produced through biotechnology for potential dietary allergenicity. currently proposed rodent models evaluate sensitizing potential of food extracts or proteins following parenteral administration or oral administration with adjuvant. however, food allergy requires not only the potential to induce immunoglobulin (ig) e but also the capacity to avoid induction of oral tolerance (specific inhibition of ige production). here we describe a mouse mode ...200818806252
spinach-associated escherichia coli o157:h7 outbreak, utah and new mexico, 2006.in 2006, utah and new mexico health departments investigated a multistate cluster of escherichia coli o157:h7. a case-control study of 22 case-patients found that consuming bagged spinach was significantly associated with illness (p<0.01). the outbreak strain was isolated from 3 bags of 1 brand of spinach. nationally, 205 persons were ill with the outbreak strain.200818826833
temperature-sensitive photoreactivation of cyclobutane thymine dimer in soybean.uv radiation induces the formation of two classes of photoproducts in dna, the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (cpd) and the pyrimidine 6-4 pyrimidone photoproduct. cpds in plants are repaired by class ii cpd photolyase via a uv-a/blue light-dependent mechanism. the genes for the class ii cpd photolyase have been cloned from higher plants such as arabidopsis, cucumis sativus (cucumber), oryza sativa (rice) and spinacia oleracea (spinach). flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad) has been identified as a c ...200818270478
summer meeting 2007 - the problems with fresh produce: an overview.in fall 2006, four separate outbreaks of foodborne illness associated with the consumption of fresh produce occurred in the united states. in follow-up investigations, spinach, lettuce, and tomatoes were identified as the vehicles of illness. epidemiologic investigations subsequently focused on finding the specific growing regions using traceback records. while the areas most likely involved in the outbreaks have been identified, the specific mode of contamination remains unconfirmed. suspected ...200818284485
rapid determination of carbamate pesticides in food using dual counter-current chromatography directly interfaced with mass spectrometry.dual counter-current chromatography (dual ccc)-tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms) was successfully performed with a newly designed spiral column for dual ccc. the small column capacity required for directly coupling with electrospray ms/ms was accomplished by forming a rectangular spiral groove on a plastic disk and sealing it with a ptfe sheet. this novel dual ccc-ms/ms technique was successfully applied for the rapid determination of methomyl, fenobucarb and carbaryl pesticides in food. a two-ph ...200818295222
regulation of plant cytosolic glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoforms by thiol modifications.cytosolic nad-dependent glyceraldehyde 3-p dehydrogenase (gapdh; gapc; ec 1.2.1.12) catalyzes the oxidation of triose phosphates during glycolysis in all organisms, but additional functions of the protein has been put forward. because of its reactive cysteine residue in the active site, it is susceptible to protein modification and oxidation. the addition of gssg, and much more efficiently of s-nitrosoglutathione, was shown to inactivate the enzymes from arabidopsis thaliana (isoforms gapc1 and ...200818298409
e-beam irradiation of bagged, ready-to-eat spinach leaves (spinacea oleracea): an engineering approach.we experimentally assessed the efficacy of electron beam irradiation to ensure the safety and quality of ready-to-eat spinach leaves using a 2-mev van de graff accelerator. spinach leaves (approximately 8 g) inside petri dishes were irradiated up to 1 kgy and stored at 4 degrees c for 15 d. nonirradiated samples served as controls. color, texture, vitamin c, total carotenoids, and chlorophyll content were measured using standard methods. sensory analysis was performed by 15 untrained panelists u ...200818298731
interactions between food-borne pathogens and protozoa isolated from lettuce and spinach.the survival of salmonella enterica was recently shown to increase when the bacteria were sequestered in expelled food vacuoles (vesicles) of tetrahymena. because fresh produce is increasingly linked to outbreaks of enteric illness, the present investigation aimed to determine the prevalence of protozoa on spinach and lettuce and to examine their interactions with s. enterica, escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria monocytogenes. glaucoma sp., colpoda steinii, and acanthamoeba palestinensis were ...200818310421
spectroelectrochemistry of p700 in native photosystem i particles and diethyl ether-treated thylakoid membranes from spinach and thermosynechococcus elongatus.the redox potentials (e(composite function')) of p700 in intact and diethyl ether-treated thylakoid membranes as well as native photosystem (ps) i particles from spinach and thermosynechococcus elongatus have been measured by a spectroelectrochemistry with an error range of +/-2-3 mv. stepwise removal of antenna pigments by ether treatment caused distinct shifts of the e( composite function') value with increasing degree of water saturation in ether; negatively from +471 to +428 mv for spinach, ...200818331840
variation in virulence among clades of escherichia coli o157:h7 associated with disease outbreaks.escherichia coli o157:h7, a toxin-producing food and waterborne bacterial pathogen, has been linked to large outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness for more than two decades. e. coli o157 causes a wide range of clinical illness that varies by outbreak, although factors that contribute to variation in disease severity are poorly understood. several recent outbreaks involving o157 contamination of fresh produce (e.g., spinach) were associated with more severe disease, as defined by higher hemolytic ...200818332430
the inhibitory action of sqdg (sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol) from spinach on cdt1-geminin interaction.a human replication initiation protein, cdt1, is a central player in the cell cycle regulation of dna replication, and geminin down-regulates cdt1 function by direct binding. it has been demonstrated that cdt1 hyperfunction resulting from cdt1-geminin imbalance, for example, by geminin silencing with small interfering rna, induces dna re-replication and eventual cell death in some cancer-derived cell lines. we established a high throughput screening system based on a modified enzyme linked immun ...200818343230
flavonoid intake and liver cancer: a case-control study in greece.in the context of a case-control study undertaken in greece, we examined the role of six flavonoid classes in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), by viral status, and of cholangiocarcinoma (cac). data and blood samples were collected between 1995 and 1998. information about dietary intakes and covariates, including chronic infection with hepatitis b (hbv) and c (hcv) virus, were available for 250 hbv and/or hcv positive hcc cases, 83 hbv and hcv negative hcc cases, six cac cases, and ...200818350370
presence and potential for horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance in oxidase-positive bacteria populating raw salad vegetables.to assess whether domestically grown fresh salad vegetables constitute a possible reservoir of antibiotic resistance for canadian consumers, aerobic bacteria capable of forming colonies at 30 degrees c on nutrient-limited media were recovered from a single sampling of romaine lettuce, savoy spinach and alfalfa sprouts, then examined for their susceptibility to ten antibiotics and the carriage of potentially mobile r-plasmids and integrons. of the 140 isolates resistant to one or more antibiotic, ...200818632174
[fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase--marker of damage to proximal renal tubules].pathological processes disturbing function of renal proximal tubules, increase activity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (fbp-1) in urine. fbp-1 is cytosolic enzyme which occured mainly in cells of proximal renal tubules, and to small extent in cells of pars recta. after damage to the cell membrane fbp-1 is more rapidly excreted to the urine, than enzymes residing in other cell organelles. fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase was isolated from rabbit muscle in 1943 by gomori, and from spinach in 1958 by ra ...200818634268
rapid assembly of photosystem i monolayers on gold electrodes.photosystem i (psi) has drawn widespread interest for use in biomimetically inspired energy conversion devices upon extracting it from plants or cyanobacteria and assembling it at surfaces. here, we demonstrate that a critically dense monolayer of spinach-derived psi must be formed on an electrode surface to achieve optimal photocurrents, and we introduce a new method for preparing these dense psi monolayers that reduces the time required for assembly by approximately 80-fold in comparison to th ...200818636757
analysis of eight organophosphorus pesticide residues in fresh vegetables retailed in agricultural product markets of nanjing, china.a method to effectively remove pigments in fresh vegetables using activated carbon followed cleanup through solid phase extraction (spe) cartridge to further reduce matrix interference and contamination, was established to determine eight organophosphorous pesticides (opps) by gas chromatography (gc) with nitrogen-phosphorus detection (npd) in this study, and it has been successfully applied for the determination of eight opps in various fresh vegetables with the recoveries ranging from 61.8% to ...200818651087
modulation of plasma all-trans retinoic acid concentrations by the consumption of carotenoid-rich vegetables.a human intervention trial was conducted to determine the effects of consumption of carotenoid-rich vegetables on levels of retinol (rol) and the active vitamin a metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (atra).200818653315
importance of a single disulfide bond for the psbo protein of photosystem ii: protein structure stability and soluble overexpression in escherichia coli.psbo protein is an important constituent of the water-oxidizing complex, located on the lumenal side of photosystem ii. we report here the efficient expression of the spinach psbo in e. coli where the solubility depends entirely on the formation of the disulfide bond. the psbo protein purified from a pet32 system that includes thioredoxin fusion is properly folded and functionally active. urea unfolding experiments imply that the reduction of the single disulfide bridge decreases stability of th ...200818709441
the oral bioavailability of nitrate from nitrate-rich vegetables in humans.high dietary nitrate intake may pose a risk to human health. since up to 80-85% of dietary nitrate intake comes from vegetables, the aim of this study was to determine the absolute bioavailability of nitrate from three nitrate-rich vegetables. in an open, four-way cross-over, single dose study, 12 human subjects underwent the following treatments: (1) intravenous infusion of 500mg sodium nitrate, (2) oral administration of 300g cooked spinach, (3) oral administration of 300g raw lettuce, and (4) ...200818723086
bacteriophages reduce experimental contamination of hard surfaces, tomato, spinach, broccoli, and ground beef by escherichia coli o157:h7.a bacteriophage cocktail (designated ecp-100) containing three myoviridae phages lytic for escherichia coli o157:h7 was examined for its ability to reduce experimental contamination of hard surfaces (glass coverslips and gypsum boards), tomato, spinach, broccoli, and ground beef by three virulent strains of the bacterium. the hard surfaces and foods contaminated by a mixture of three e. coli o157:h7 strains were treated with ecp-100 (test samples) or sterile phosphate-buffered saline buffer (con ...200818723643
survival and transfer of murine norovirus 1, a surrogate for human noroviruses, during the production process of deep-frozen onions and spinach.the reduction of murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1) on onions and spinach by washing was investigated as was the risk of contamination during the washing procedure. to decontaminate wash water, the industrial sanitizer peracetic acid (paa) was added to the water, and the survival of mnv-1 was determined. in contrast to onions, spinach undergoes a heat treatment before freezing. therefore, the resistance of mnv-1 to blanching of spinach was examined. mnv-1 genomic copies were detected with a real-time re ...200818724752
ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from thermophilic cyanobacterium thermosynechococcus elongatus.ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) can be divided into two branches: the "red-like type" of marine algae and the "green-like type" of cyanobacteria, green algae, and higher plants. we found that the "green-like type" rubisco from the thermophilic cyanobacterium thermosynechococcus elongatus has an almost 2-fold higher specificity factor compared with rubiscos of mesophilic cyanobacteria, reaching the values of higher plants, and simultaneously revealing an improvement in e ...200817922215
microbial contamination of fruit and vegetables and the behaviour of enteropathogens in the phyllosphere: a review.consumption of fruit and vegetable products is commonly viewed as a potential risk factor for infection with enteropathogens such as salmonella and escherichia coli o157, with recent outbreaks linked to lettuce, spinach and tomatoes. routes of contamination are varied and include application of organic wastes to agricultural land as fertilizer, contamination of waters used for irrigation with faecal material, direct contamination by livestock, wild animals and birds and postharvest issues such a ...200817927745
assessing risk of heavy metals from consuming food grown on sewage irrigated soils and food chain transfer.heavy metal pollution of soils resulting from sewage and wastewater irrigation is causing major concern due to the potential risk involved. in the present study musi river and its environs were assessed for heavy metal contamination. the study area was assessed for zn, cr, cu, ni, co and pb in soils, forage grass, milk from cattle, leafy and non-leafy vegetables. partitioning pattern of soil revealed high levels of zn, cr, and cu associated with labile fractions, making them more mobile and plan ...200817555815
element contents and food safety of water spinach (ipomoea aquatica forssk.) cultivated with wastewater in hanoi, vietnam.extensive aquatic or semi-aquatic production of water spinach (ipomoea aquatica forssk.) for human consumption takes place in southeast asia. the aim of this study was to assess the concentrations of 38 elements in soil and water spinach cultivated under different degrees of wastewater exposure in hanoi, vietnam. the results showed no effect of wastewater use on the overall element concentrations in soil and water spinach. mean soil concentrations for selected potentially toxic elements at the s ...200817593534
use of the physiologically-based extraction test to assess the oral bioaccessibility of metals in vegetable plants grown in contaminated soil.the oral bioaccessibility of metals in vegetable plants grown on contaminated soil was assessed. this was done using the physiologically-based extraction test (pbet) to simulate the human digestion of plant material. a range of vegetable plants, i.e. carrot, lettuce, radish and spinach, were grown on metal contaminated soil. after reaching maturity the plants were harvested and analysed for their total metal content (i.e. cr, cd, cu, fe, mn, mo, ni, pb and zn) by inductively coupled plasma-mass ...200817601641
remediation of arsenic contaminated soils by iron-oxide application, evaluated in terms of plant productivity, arsenic and phytotoxic metal uptake.four iron-bearing additives, selected for known or potential ability to adsorb anions, were evaluated for their effectiveness in attenuation of arsenic (as) in three soils with different sources of contamination (canal dredgings, coal fly ash deposits, and low-level alkali waste). amendments used were lime, goethite (alpha-feooh) (crystallised iron oxide) and three iron-bearing additives, iron grit and iron (ii) and (iii) sulphates plus lime, which result in 'de novo' iron oxide formation in soi ...200817964636
genetic engineering of the biosynthesis of glycinebetaine leads to increased tolerance of photosynthesis to salt stress in transgenic tobacco plants.genetically engineered tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) with the ability to synthesis glycinebetaine (gb) in chloroplasts was established by introducing the badh gene for betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from spinach (spinacia oleracea l.). the genetic engineering resulted in enhanced tolerance of growth of young seedlings to salt stress. this increased tolerance was not due to improved water status, since there were no significant differences in accumulation of sodium and chloride, leaf water poten ...200817975734
reduction of bacteria on spinach, lettuce, and surfaces in food service areas using neutral electrolyzed oxidizing water.food safety issues and increases in food borne illnesses have promulgated the development of new sanitation methods to eliminate pathogenic organisms on foods and surfaces in food service areas. electrolyzed oxidizing water (eo water) shows promise as an environmentally friendly broad spectrum microbial decontamination agent. eo water is generated by the passage of a dilute salt solution ( approximately 1% nacl) through an electrochemical cell. this electrolytic process converts chloride ions an ...200817993375
differences in allergenic potential of food extracts following oral exposure in mice reflect differences in digestibility: potential approaches to safety assessment.an animal model for food allergy is needed to assess genetically modified food crops for potential allergenicity. the ideal model must produce allergic antibody (ige) to proteins differentially according to known allergenicity before being used to accurately identify potential allergens among novel proteins. the oral route is the most relevant for exposure to food antigens, and a protein's stability to digestion is a current risk assessment tool based on this natural route. however, normal labor ...200818033772
use of episcopic differential interference contrast microscopy to identify bacterial biofilms on salad leaves and track colonization by salmonella thompson.zoonotic pathogens such as salmonella can cause gastrointestinal illness if they are ingested with food. foods such as salads pose a greater risk because they are consumed raw and have been the source of major outbreaks of disease from fresh produce. the novel light microscopy methods used in this study allow detailed, high resolution imaging of the leaf surface environment (the phyllosphere) and allow pathogen tracking. episcopic differential interference contrast microscopy coupled with epiflu ...200818177375
polynucleotide phosphorylase and the archaeal exosome as poly(a)-polymerases.the addition of poly(a)-tails to rna is a phenomenon common to almost all organisms. not only homopolymeric poly(a)-tails, comprised exclusively of adenosines, but also heteropolymeric poly(a)-rich extensions, which include the other three nucleotides as well, have been observed in bacteria, archaea, chloroplasts, and human cells. polynucleotide phosphorylase (pnpase) and the archaeal exosome, which bear strong similarities to one another, both functionally and structurally, were found to polyme ...200818177749
met-arg-trp derived from rubisco lowers blood pressure via prostaglandin d(2)-dependent vasorelaxation in spontaneously hypertensive rats.met-arg-trp (mrw) has been isolated as an inhibitor for angiotensin i-converting enzyme (ace) from a pepsin-pancreatin digest of spinach ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) (ic(50)=0.6 microm). it has been reported that hypotensive activity of ace-inhibitory peptides derived from food proteins are weakened in spontaneously hypertensive rats older than 25 weeks (old shr). however, mrw reduced blood pressure after oral administration at a dose of 5 mg/kg in old shr as well as in ...200818180074
antioxidant stress is promoted by nano-anatase in spinach chloroplasts under uv-b radiation.a proven photocatalyst, titanium dioxide in the form of nano-anatase, is capable of undergoing electron transfer reactions under light. in previous studies, we had proven that nano-anatase could absorb ultraviolet light (uv-b) and convert light energy to stable chemistry energy finally via electron transport in spinach chloroplasts. the mechanisms by which nano-anatase promotes antioxidant stress in spinach chloroplasts under uv-b radiation are still not clearly understood. in the present paper, ...200818186002
low bioavailability of dietary epoxyxanthophylls in humans.epoxyxanthophylls (epoxide-containing xanthophylls), a group of carotenoids, are ubiquitously distributed in edible plants. among them, neoxanthin in green leafy vegetables and fucoxanthin in brown algae have been reported to exhibit an antiproliferative effect on several human cancer cells in vitro. however, there is little information about the intestinal absorption and metabolic fate of dietary epoxyxanthophylls in humans. to estimate the intestinal absorption of neoxanthin and fucoxanthin in ...200818186952
bacteriophage-amplified bioluminescent sensing of escherichia coli o157:h7.escherichia coli o157:h7 remains a continuous public health threat, appearing in meats, water, fruit juices, milk, cheese, and vegetables, where its ingestion at concentrations of perhaps as low as 10 to 100 organisms can result in potent toxin exposure and severe damage to the lining of the intestine. abdominal pain and diarrhea develop, which in the very young or elderly can progress towards hemolytic uremic syndrome and kidney failure. to assist in the detection of e. coli o157:h7, a recombin ...200818188543
active site and loop 4 movements within human glycolate oxidase: implications for substrate specificity and drug design.human glycolate oxidase (go) catalyzes the fmn-dependent oxidation of glycolate to glyoxylate and glyoxylate to oxalate, a key metabolite in kidney stone formation. we report herein the structures of recombinant go complexed with sulfate, glyoxylate, and an inhibitor, 4-carboxy-5-dodecylsulfanyl-1,2,3-triazole (cdst), determined by x-ray crystallography. in contrast to most alpha-hydroxy acid oxidases including spinach glycolate oxidase, a loop region, known as loop 4, is completely visible when ...200818215067
microbiological quality of fresh, minimally-processed fruit and vegetables, and sprouts from retail establishments.a survey of fresh and minimally-processed fruit and vegetables, and sprouts was conducted in several retail establishments in the lleida area (catalonia, spain) during 2005-2006 to determine whether microbial contamination, and in particular potentially pathogenic bacteria, was present under these commodities. a total of 300 samples--including 21 ready-to-eat fruits, 28 whole fresh vegetables, 15 sprout samples and 237 ready-to-eat salads containing from one to six vegetables--were purchased fro ...200818237811
rubimetide (met-arg-trp) derived from rubisco exhibits anxiolytic-like activity via the dp1 receptor in male ddy mice.in this study, we found that met-arg-trp (rubimetide), which had been isolated as a hypotensive peptide from a pepsin-pancreatin digest of spinach ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), has anxiolytic-like activity in the elevated plus-maze test at a dose of 0.1mg/kg (i.p.) or 1.0mg/kg (p.o.) in mice with p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively. the anxiolytic-like activity of rubimetide (0.1mg/kg, i.p.) was blocked by bw a868c (60microg/kg, i.p.), an antagonist for the dp1 receptor, sug ...200818243414
optimization and validation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of endosulfan residues in food samples.in this study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was optimized and applied to the determination of endosulfan residues in 20 different kinds of food commodities including vegetables, dry fruits, tea and meat. the limit of detection (ic(15)) was 0.8 microg kg(-1) and the sensitivity (ic(50)) was 5.3 microg kg(-1). three simple extraction methods were developed, including shaking on the rotary shaker at 250 r min(-1) overnight, shaking on the rotary shaker for 1 h and thoroughly mixing ...200818246504
effect of acidified sodium chlorite, chlorine, and acidic electrolyzed water on escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, and listeria monocytogenes inoculated onto leafy greens.recent foodborne outbreaks implicating spinach and lettuce have increased consumer concerns regarding the safety of fresh produce. while the most common commercial antimicrobial intervention for fresh produce is wash water containing 50 to 200 ppm chlorine, this study compares the effectiveness of acidified sodium chlorite, chlorine, and acidic electrolyzed water for inactivating escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, and listeria monocytogenes inoculated onto leafy greens. fresh mixed greens wer ...200818389712
genome characterization and genetic diversity of beet curly top iran virus: a geminivirus with a novel nonanucleotide.beet curly top iran virus (bctiv) was previously reported as a distinct curtovirus in iran. complete nucleotide sequences of three bctiv isolates, one each from central, southern, and south eastern iran were determined to be 2844, 2844, and 2845 nt long, respectively. bctiv shared highest nucleotide sequence identity (52.3%) with spinach curly top virus (spctv) and lowest identity (46.6%) with horseradish curly top virus (hrctv). the bctiv genome comprises three virion-sense (v1, v2, and v3) and ...200818401697
new molecular methods for identification of broad bean wilt virus 1.broad bean wilt virus 1 (bbwv-1) causes damages in economically important plant crops such as pepper, bean, spinach, etc. fast, cheap and reliable diagnostic tools are crucial to limit or control the disease. in this work, tissue blot immunoassay (tbia), dot-blot (db) and tissue-print (tp)-hybridization were developed for bbwv-1 diagnosis and evaluated for sensitivity, specificity and reliability in plants of several host species grown in the greenhouse or in the field, in comparison with elisa ...200818417319
the air-borne distribution of zoonotic agents from livestock waste spreading and microbiological risk to fresh produce from contaminated irrigation sources.to assess the risks of zoonotic agents in dissemination of livestock wastes into the environment by airborne distribution. to subsequently assess the survival time of zoonotic agents, introduced in irrigation water, on the phylloplane of produce.200818422957
functional analysis of bipartite begomovirus coat protein promoter sequences.we demonstrate that the al2 gene of cabbage leaf curl virus (calcuv) activates the cp promoter in mesophyll and acts to derepress the promoter in vascular tissue, similar to that observed for tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv). binding studies indicate that sequences mediating repression and activation of the tgmv and calcuv cp promoter specifically bind different nuclear factors common to nicotiana benthamiana, spinach and tomato. however, chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrates that tgmv al2 ...200818430450
cns depressive role of aqueous extract of spinacia oleracea l. leaves in adult male albino rats.treatment with spinacia oleracea extract (so; 400 mg/kg body weight) decreased the locomotor activity, grip strength, increased pentobarbitone induced sleeping time and also markedly altered pentylenetetrazole induced seizure status in holtzman strain adult male albino rats. so increased serotonin level and decreased both norepinephrine and dopamine levels in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, caudate nucleus, midbrain and pons and medulla. result suggests that so exerts its cns depressive effect in p ...200818432058
rubisco, rubisco activase, and global climate change.global warming and the rise in atmospheric co(2) will increase the operating temperature of leaves in coming decades, often well above the thermal optimum for photosynthesis. presently, there is controversy over the limiting processes controlling photosynthesis at elevated temperature. leading models propose that the reduction in photosynthesis at elevated temperature is a function of either declining capacity of electron transport to regenerate rubp, or reductions in the capacity of rubisco act ...200818436544
effect of chemical sanitizer combined with modified atmosphere packaging on inhibiting escherichia coli o157:h7 in commercial spinach.escherichia coli o157:h7 contaminated spinach has recently caused several outbreaks of human illness in the usa and canada. however, to date, there has been no study demonstrating an effective way to eliminate e. coli o157:h7 in spinach. therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of chemical sanitizers alone or in combination with packaging methods such as vacuum and modified atmosphere packaging (map) on inactivating e. coli o157:h7 in spinach during storage time. spinach ino ...200818456113
plant plasma membrane water channels conduct the signalling molecule h2o2.h(2)o(2) is a relatively long-lived reactive oxygen species that signals between cells and organisms. h(2)o(2) signalling in plants is essential for response to stress, defence against pathogens and the regulation of programmed cell death. although h(2)o(2) diffusion across membranes is often considered as a passive property of lipid bilayers, native membranes represent significant barriers for h(2)o(2). in the present study we addressed the question of whether channels might facilitate h(2)o(2) ...200818462192
cadmium and lead contamination in vegetables collected from industrial, traffic and rural areas in bursa province, turkey.cadmium and lead contamination of vegetables produced in rural areas of bursa province, turkey, was found to be less contaminated than vegetables grown close to heavy traffic and industrial activities. the highest levels of cadmium and lead were found in lettuce; the lowest levels in vegetables were found in leeks. the lead levels in spinach grown in traffic areas were at least twofold higher than those found in industrial areas. for other vegetables, the results from industrial and traffic area ...200818473215
if the antibody fails--a mass western approach.summary: sucrose-phosphate synthase (sps) has attracted the interest of plant scientists for decades. it is the key enzyme in sucrose metabolism and is under investigation in various plant species, e.g. spinach, tobacco, poplar, resurrection plants, maize, rice, kiwi and arabidopsis thaliana. in a. thaliana, there are four distinct sps isoforms. their expression is thought to depend on environmental conditions and plant tissue. however, these data were derived from mrna expression levels only. n ...200818485062
novel mechanism of modulating natural antioxidants in functional foods: involvement of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria nrrl b-30488.the significance of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) mediated increase in antioxidant potential in vegetables is yet unknown. the plant growth-promoting bacterium bacillus lentimorbus nrrl b-30488 (b-30488) mediated induction of dietary antioxidant in vegetables ( trigonella foenum-graecum, lactuca sativa, spinacia oleracea, and daucus carota) and fruit ( citrus sinensis) after minimal processing (fresh, boiled, and frozen) was tested by estimating the total phenol content, level of a ...200818491912
role of plants in the vegetative and reproductive growth of saprobic basidiomycetous ground fungi.non-symbiotic microorganisms engineered or expensively selected to degrade xenobiotic hydrocarbons or modify heavy-metal uptake of plants in soil remediations die back after their introduction into the target soils. mycelia of saprobic basidiomycetes were therefore inoculated into soil samples of 1 l in glass vessels to record mycelial growth and reproduction in the immediate rhizosphere of up to 11 herbaceous plant species, or to study their responses to the separate volatiles from whole plant ...200818506502
selective and sensitive determination of lipoyllysine (protein-bound alpha-lipoic acid) in biological specimens by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.the direct determination of lipoyllysine (llys) in proteins was carried out by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence (fl) detection. the proteins containing alpha-lipoic acid (la) were first hydrolyzed with several enzymes such as pronase e and subtilisin a. the disulfide bond (-s-s-) in llys liberated from the enzyme digestion was reduced with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine to the thiol form (-sh). the reduced llys was then labeled with ammonium 4-fluoro-2,1,3-b ...200818513542
crystallization of the c14-rotor of the chloroplast atp synthase reveals that it contains pigments.the atp synthase is one of the most important enzymes on earth as it couples the transmembrane electrochemical potential of protons to the synthesis of atp from adp and inorganic phosphate, providing the main atp source of almost all higher life on earth. during atp synthesis, stepwise protonation of a conserved carboxylate on each protein subunit of an oligomeric ring of 10-15 c-subunits is commonly thought to drive rotation of the rotor moiety (c(10-14)gammaepsilon) relative to stator moiety ( ...200818515064
nonthermal inactivation of escherichia coli k-12 on spinach leaves, using dense phase carbon dioxide.while the use of some chemical sanitizers is approved for inactivation of microbes on the surfaces of fruits and vegetables, these compounds often degrade product quality with limited improvement in product safety. the application of dense phase carbon dioxide (dpcd, or high-pressure co2) is a nonthermal process for inactivation of foodborne pathogens inoculated into various juices and model solutions. in this work, dpcd was evaluated for its potential to inactivate escherichia coli k-12 inocula ...200818522038
secondary metabolites from nonhost plants affect the motility and viability of phytopathogenic aphanomyces cochlioides zoospores.the motile zoospores of the damping-off pathogen aphanomyces cochlioides aggregate on host plants (e.g., sugar beet, spinach) guided by the host-specific plant signal cochliophilin a before infection. to assess the potential role of secondary metabolites in nonhost resistance, acetone extracts of 200 nonhost traditional medicinal plants from chinese and bangladeshi origins were tested for the motility behaviour of a. cochlioides zoospores using a particle bioassay method. nearly one third of the ...200818533468
the use of bacterial alkaline phosphatase assay for rapid monitoring of bacterial counts on spinach.this study was undertaken to evaluate the applicability of bacterial alkaline phosphatase (alp) activity for rapid monitoring of total mesophilic bacteria counts in spinach. a set of fresh and decayed spinach mixtures were tested to rapidly (10 min) monitor spinach bacterial counts. to assay alp activity, lumigen aps-5 was used as a substrate. bovine alp was reduced after heat treatment at 75 degrees c for 1 min; in contrast, bacterial alp activity increased. to differentiate bacterial alp from ...200818577006
dietary flavonoid sources in australian adults.evidence from laboratory-based in vitro studies provides compelling evidence supporting the involvement of dietary flavonoid intake in human cancer risk. associations between intakes of individual flavonoids and disease outcomes at the population level are emerging from recent epidemiological studies. as an important step in the development of methods to assess flavonoid intakes across populations, the major sources of dietary flavonoids in the adult australian population were identified. data f ...200818584477
anti-tumor effect of orally administered spinach glycolipid fraction on implanted cancer cells, colon-26, in mice.we succeeded in purifying a major glycolipid fraction from a green vegetable, spinach. this fraction consists mainly of three glycolipids: monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (mgdg), digalactosyl diacylglycerol (dgdg), and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (sqdg). in a previous study, we found that the glycolipid fraction inhibited dna polymerase activity, cancer cell growth and tumor growth with subcutaneous injection. we aimed to clarify oral administration of the glycolipid fraction, suppressing colon ...200818594894
dimerization and endocytosis of the sucrose transporter stsut1 in mature sieve elements.the sucrose transporter stsut1 from solanum tuberosum was shown to be regulated post-translationally by redox reagents. its activity is increased at least 10-fold in the presence of oxidizing agents if expressed in yeast. oxidation has also an effect on plasma membrane targeting and dimerization of the protein. in response to oxidizing agents, stsut1 is targeted to lipid raft-like microdomains and sut1 protein is detectable in the detergent resistant membrane fraction of plant plasma membranes. ...200819704459
[experimental tolerance to boron of the plant species nicotiana glauca, jacaranda mimosifolia, tecoma stans, medicago sativa y spinacea oleracea in argentina].the activity of boron industries is a punctual and diffuse source of air, soil and water pollution. therefore, it is a priority to study possible ways of reducing this impact. a relatively new technology for reducing soil pollution is phytoremediation, which uses plants and associate microorganisms. the first step in phytoremediation is to detect tolerant plant species, which is the objective of this work. a laboratory experiment to assess the germination, survival and growth of different specie ...200819419027
spinacia oleracea modulates radiation-induced biochemical changes in mice testis.the present study is an attempt to investigate the radioprotective efficacy of spinach against radiation induced oxidative stress, since its leaves are rich in antioxidants like carotenoids (beta-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin) and high content of proteins, minerals, vitamin c. for the experimental study, healthy swiss mice were selected from an inbred colony and divided into four groups. group i (normal) it did not receive any treatment. group ii (drug treated) was orally supplemented with ext ...200820046739
Refresh
firstprev
12345678910...
nextlast
Displaying items 801 - 900 of 3764