Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| localization of proteins in the cell wall of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis k10 by proteomic analysis. | abstract: mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is a pathogen which causes a debilitating chronic enteritis in ruminants. unfortunately, the mechanisms that control m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis persistence during infection are poorly understood and the key steps for developing johne's disease remain elusive. a proteomic analysis approach, based on one dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) followed by lc-ms/ms, was used to identify and characterize the cell wall asso ... | 2010 | 20377898 |
| peripheral blood mononuclear cell population changes associated with age and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in red deer (cervus elaphus). | in this study we aimed to document the maturation of the immune system in red deer and investigate the hypothesis that an immature immune system may predispose young red deer (cervus elaphus) to an increased susceptibility to johne's disease. peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations were analysed using flow cytometry techniques to monitor changes associated with age and severity of infection with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in red deer. the percentage of cells expressing ... | 2010 | 20378187 |
| rapid detection methods for viable mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in milk and cheese. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) may have a role in the development of crohn's disease in humans via the consumption of contaminated milk and milk products. detection of map from milk and dairy products has been reported from countries on the european continent, argentina, the uk and australia. in this study three different methods (quantitative real time pcr, combined phage is900 pcr and conventional cultivation) were used to detect the presence of map in bulk tank milk (btm) a ... | 2010 | 20381185 |
| johne's disease caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in red deer (cervus elaphus): an histopathological grading system, and comparison of paucibacillary and multibacillary disease. | to describe a grading system for evaluating lesions in the small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes of red deer (cervus elaphus) infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), and report the distribution of granulomas and findings seen in paucibacillary and multibacillary forms of the disease. | 2010 | 20383243 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis viability determination using f57 quantitative pcr in combination with propidium monoazide treatment. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is known to be a very slow-growing organism. the fact that cells typically need several weeks to form visible colonies severely compromises the suitability of plate counting for assessment of viable cell counts. this problem might be overcome by the application of fast molecular methods containing a viability component. we have evaluated a promising technology combining sample treatment with propidium monoazide (pma) prior to dna extraction for s ... | 2010 | 20385417 |
| wildlife (boselaphus tragocamelus)-small ruminant (goat and sheep) interface in the transmission of 'bison type' genotype of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in india. | information on mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) genotypes infecting different animal species in india is limited. presence of map was investigated in free ranging antelopes (locally known as nilgai/blue bulls/boselaphus tragocamelus) using direct microscopy, culture, is900 pcr and is1311 pcr-rea. is900 elements of map from nilgai and previously isolated from goats were sequenced and compared to establish inter-species transmission between free ranging nilgai and closed farm ... | 2010 | 18805585 |
| gene encoded antimicrobial peptides, a template for the design of novel anti-mycobacterial drugs. | nisin a is the most widely characterized lantibiotic investigated to date. it represents one of the many antimicrobial peptides which have been the focus of much interest as potential therapeutic agents. this has resulted in the search for novel lantibiotics and more commonly, the engineering of novel variants from existing peptides with a view to increasing their activity, stability and solubility.the aim of this study was to compare the activities of nisin a and novel bioengineered hinge deriv ... | 2010 | 21468208 |
| [study on the effects of htst pasteurization temperatures on mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in an industrial fluid milk-processing system]. | johne disease is ruminant chronic granulomatous enteritis caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). the domestic animals infected with this pathogen present severe weight loss due to chronic diarrhea and a reduction in lactation yield. these result in enormous economic loss since the affected animals are subsequently subject to artificial selections and disinfection of the environment are absolutely necessary. furthermore, map has been suspected to have pathological relationsh ... | 2010 | 21381400 |
| comparative evaluation of pcr in ziehl-neelsen stained smears and pcr in tissues for diagnosis of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | thirty six tissues from sheep, previously diagnosed with paratuberculosis, were tested by pcr in positive ziehl-neelsen staining smears of tissues, and pcr in tissues targeting is900 specific for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. dna amplification was achieved in 33.3% ziehl-neelsen smears, and in 61.1% tissue samples. combination of both techniques found 66.7% samples as positive. combination of techniques would, therefore, increase the sensitivity of diagnosis. | 2010 | 21506505 |
| expression of a gene encoding 34.9?kda ppe antigen of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in e. coli. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) contains ppe family antigens which are proline and glutamic acid rich and may play important role as t cell antigens. hence the identification and generation of antigens are necessary for immunological characterization. in the present study, the epitopic region of a unique ppe gene encoding 34.9?kda protein from map was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. the gene was cloned into escherichia coli vector pqe30 ua. the recombinant plasmid desig ... | 2010 | 22110958 |
| paratuberculosis sero-status and milk production, scc and calving interval in irish dairy herds. | the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of paratuberculosis sero-status on milk yield, fat, protein, somatic cell count and calving interval in irish dairy herds. serum from all animals over 12 months of age (n = 2,602) in 34 dairy herds was tested for antibodies to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis using an elisa. herds were categorised by sero-status into positive, non-negative and negative, where a positive herd contained two or more positive cows, a non-negative h ... | 2009 | 21851733 |
| comparison between two in situ methods for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis detection in tissue samples from infected cattle. | paratuberculosis or johne's disease is a chronic infectious disorder caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). the disease produces diarrhea and weight loss in cattle and other animal species, and it is characterized by granulomatous enteritis and lymphadenitis. histopathology and in situ techniques can be used as a diagnostic test, but the performance of these methods was not previously compared. the aim of this paper was to evaluate the ability of immunohistochemistry and in ... | 2009 | 18838233 |
| genomic analysis of local isolate of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) causes johne's disease (jd or paratuberculosis) in animals and has also been implicated in crohn's disease of humans. it has been shown that map is endemic in animal population of india. understanding of heterogeneity among map strains is important both for diagnosis and design control measures. genotyping and epidemiological investigations revealed that map 'bison type' was the predominant strain infecting domestic ruminant population in ind ... | 2009 | 18838235 |
| a review of prevalences of paratuberculosis in farmed animals in europe. | prevalence estimates are used by decision makers such as policy makers and risk assessors to make choices related to certain diseases and infections. paratuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), is a chronic infection particularly resulting in economic losses among farmed ruminants. therefore, this infection is of concern for many farming industry decision makers. as a result, multiple studies have been carried out to determine the within-herd and between-herd p ... | 2009 | 18817995 |
| risk factors associated with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis seropositivity in canadian dairy cows and herds. | our objective was to determine the risk factors associated with the seroprevalence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) in a large number of randomly selected canadian dairy herds, controlling for important confounding variables and co-infections with bovine leukemia virus (blv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and neospora caninum (nc). serum samples from 30 randomly selected cows, where available, in 315 herds from seven provinces were tested for antibodies against blv, ... | 2009 | 18692926 |
| risk factors for mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in fars province (southern iran) dairy herds. | a cross-sectional study was conducted from march to august 2006 in dairy herds in fars province, southern iran to determine the herd-level risk factors for infection with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map). statistical analysis using multivariable logistic regression showed that contamination of udders of periparturient cows with manure (or = 6.4, p = 0.02) and history of having suspected cases of johne's disease in the herd (or = 6.7, p = 0.04) were significantly associated w ... | 2009 | 18726705 |
| growth pattern and partial proteome of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis during the stress response to hypoxia and nutrient starvation. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is an important pathogen that causes johne's disease in animals and has been implicated in crohn's disease in man yet few data exist on its physiological adaptation in either the host or the environment. in this study, the proteomic responses of the two distinct strains of m. a. paratuberculosis, cattle (c) and sheep (s), to hypoxia and starvation were studied in vitro. nutrient starvation inhibited growth of both strains and was lethal for s strain af ... | 2009 | 18786786 |
| strain-specific sensitivity estimates of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis culture in greek sheep and goats. | the requirements for the isolation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) may be related to the strain-type [sheep (s)- or cattle (c)-type] and not to the host. the objective of this paper was to estimate and compare strain- and biological sample (faeces or pooled-tissue)--specific sensitivities (ses) of two solid culture media, herrold's egg yolk medium (heym) and lowenstein-jensen (lj) medium, for the isolation of map from greek dairy sheep and goats. from 400 faecal samples coll ... | 2009 | 18793275 |
| evaluation of four commercial serum elisas for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in dairy cows. | during the first 3 months of 2006, a study was performed on four dairy cattle herds with a history of clinical paratuberculosis, to evaluate different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas). serum samples obtained from 326 animals were analysed using four elisas to detect antibodies to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). kappa (kappa) concordance coefficients in pairwise comparisons of the elisa outcomes ranged up to 0.22 (linear kappa) and 0.25 (quadratic kappa). when the bo ... | 2009 | 18314355 |
| decrease of johne's disease prevalence and incidence in six minnesota, usa, dairy cattle herds on a long-term management program. | the objective of this prospective longitudinal field study was to describe changes in prevalence of seroconversion and fecal shedding and changes in incidence rate of seroconversion, fecal shedding and culling of milk cows for clinical signs of johne's disease (jd) in six minnesota (usa) herds participating to the jd demonstration herd project (jddhp) from 2000 to december 2005. changes in prevalence and incidence rate were evaluated in light of the owner's compliance to the jddhp using a risk a ... | 2009 | 18848365 |
| association between mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis dna in blood and cellular and humoral immune response in inflammatory bowel disease patients and controls. | similarities between human inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) and ruminant paratuberculosis have fueled a heated discussion on the role of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in the etiology of ibd. | 2009 | 18922720 |
| evaluation of immune responses and protective efficacy in a goat model following immunization with a coctail of recombinant antigens and a polyprotein of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | the protective efficacy of four recombinant antigens (85a, 85b, superoxide dismutase [sod], and a fusion polypeptide [map74f]) of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) along with the adjuvant dimethydioctadecyl ammonium bromide (dda) was assessed in a goat challenge model. animals were immunized with the four antigens with adjuvant dda (group i, eight goat kids) or without the adjuvant (group ii, eight goat kids) or adjuvant only (group iii, nine goat kids). animals were boostered 3 ... | 2009 | 18955101 |
| use of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis specific coding sequences for serodiagnosis of bovine paratuberculosis. | in this study, the finished complete genome of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) was screened for specific coding sequences that could be very valuable in the design of a sensitive and specific map detection serological assay. eighty-seven map-specific sequences were retained. among these, three candidate antigens have been analysed for their serodiagnostic potential. these antigens were selected on the basis of their putative immunogenicity as predicted by in silico analysis. th ... | 2009 | 18977614 |
| association between card15/nod2 gene polymorphisms and paratuberculosis infection in cattle. | paratuberculosis represents a major problem in farmed ruminants and at the present is considered a potential zoonosis. the disease is caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and susceptibility to infection is suspected to have a genetic component. caspase recruitment domain 15 (card15) gene encodes for a cytosolic protein implicated in bacterial recognition during innate immunity. crohn's disease (cd) is an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease in humans comparable in many feature ... | 2009 | 18926647 |
| effect of paratuberculosis on the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in a cattle herd with a mixed infection using interferon-gamma detection assay. | interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) detection assay is being applied as an ancillary test to tuberculin tests in the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis to detect the maximum number of infected animals. among possible factors influencing the performance of tuberculosis-diagnostic tests, paratuberculosis, a widespread disease in spain and other european countries, has been pointed out as a cause of false positive reactions. still, its effect on the sensitivity of these tests in cattle has yet to be fully c ... | 2009 | 18986776 |
| quantitative pcr monitoring of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial pathogens in three european artificial groundwater recharge systems. | aquifer recharge presents advantages for integrated water management in the anthropic cycle, namely, advanced treatment of reclaimed water and additional dilution of pollutants due to mixing with natural groundwater. nevertheless, this practice represents a health and environmental hazard because of the presence of pathogenic microorganisms and chemical contaminants. to assess the quality of water extracted from recharged aquifers, the groundwater recharge systems in torreele, belgium, sabadell, ... | 2009 | 19011075 |
| analysis of the growth pattern, survival and proteome of mycobacteriumavium subsp. paratuberculosis following exposure to heat. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes johne's disease in ruminants and may be involved in crohn's disease in humans. the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro growth pattern and proteome of map after heat stress following prior observations that map may exist in a dormant state in the environment when protected from extreme temperature flux and may survive pasteurization. data were obtained for two genomically distinct strains of map, sheep (s) and cattle (c), from 50 ... | 2009 | 19019575 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis suppresses expression of il-12p40 and inos genes induced by signalling through cd40 in bovine monocyte-derived macrophages. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) is a facultative intracellular organism that resides in host macrophages. map causes a fatal wasting syndrome in ruminants, typified by granulomatous enteritis in the small intestine. map has also been suspected as a causative or exacerbating factor in some cases of human crohn's disease. in map infections, a cytotoxic and proinflammatory th1-like response is essential to control disease. while such a response may initially develop, this typi ... | 2009 | 19022505 |
| association between milk antibody and interferon-gamma responses in cattle from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infected herds. | paratuberculosis is a chronic infection of ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). it is possible to detect infection with paratuberculosis at different stages of disease by means of various diagnostic test strategies. the objective of the present study was to evaluate if early cell-mediated immunity could predict the antibody results of milk samples in cattle with different faecal culture (fc) status. a group of 975 cows from 18 danish map infected dairy herds was ... | 2009 | 19027177 |
| insertion and deletion events that define the pathogen mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium comprises genetically related yet phenotypically distinct subspecies. consistent with their common origin, whole-genome sequence comparisons have revealed extensive synteny among m. avium organisms. however, the sequenced strains also display numerous regions of heterogeneity that likely contribute to the diversity of the individual subspecies. starting from a phylogenetic framework derived by multilocus sequence analysis, we examined the distribution of 25 large sequence pol ... | 2009 | 19028885 |
| real-time pcr, compared to liquid and solid culture media and elisa, for the detection of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis. | a goal of johne's disease control programs is to accurately detect mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) infected cattle as quickly as possible to reduce disease transmission. a newly introduced real-time pcr provides results rapidly, but its accuracy in the field has not been evaluated. fecal and serum samples collected from dairy cows in northern indiana were used to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of a newly licensed real-time pcr test for direct fecal detection of mycobact ... | 2009 | 19091493 |
| development and validation of a triplex real-time pcr for rapid detection and specific identification of m. avium sub sp. paratuberculosis in faecal samples. | a triplex real-time (trt-pcr) assay was developed to ensure a rapid and reliable detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in faecal samples and to allow routine detection of map in farmed livestock and wildlife species. the trt-pcr assay was designed using is900, ismap02 and f57 molecular targets. specificity of trt-pcr was first confirmed on a panel of control mycobacterial map and non-map strains and on faecal samples from map-negative cows (n=35) and from map-positive co ... | 2009 | 19095382 |
| [antibiosis instead of the scalpel: new findings for crohn disease]. | 2009 | 19101890 | |
| higher non-return rate associated with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection at early stage in holstein dairy cows. | the effects of infection by mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map) on dairy cows are poorly documented and quite controversial. this retrospective study aimed at quantifying the variation in non-return to service of holstein dairy cows according to their map-infection status. three different statuses were defined based on both individual and herd tests results: elisa positive cow, all tests negative cow in a negative herd and all tests negative cow in a positive herd. whatever the age at map ... | 2009 | 19117602 |
| oligonucleotide microarray technology and its application to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis research: a review. | microarrays represent a modern powerful technology, which have potential applications in many areas of biological research and provide new insights into the genomics and transcriptomics of living systems. the aim of this review is to describe the application of microarray technology for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) research. the main focus points include a summary of results obtained for map using microarrays, examination of the fields of map research which are currently bei ... | 2009 | 19130317 |
| toll-like receptors tlr1, tlr2 and tlr4 gene mutations and natural resistance to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle. | toll like receptors (tlrs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors belonging to the innate immune system. mutations in the protein coding region of tlrs are associated with altered responsiveness to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps). a search was performed for novel mutations in bovine tlr1, tlr2 and tlr4 genes associated with the mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection. the work was also focused on the assessment of linkage between well known mutations in t ... | 2009 | 19131114 |
| mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis invades human small-intestinal goblet cells and elicits inflammation. | crohn disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology. mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map) was found in the gut of patients with crohn disease, but causality was not established. fully developed, germ-free human small intestine and colon were established by subcutaneous transplantation of fetal gut into scid (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice thereafter infected by direct intraluminal inoculation of map. we have found that map actively invades the human gut epithe ... | 2009 | 19133807 |
| pathogenesis of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in neonatal calves after oral or intraperitoneal experimental infection. | understanding the host response to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is critical to the development of effective vaccines and therapeutics for the control of this disease in the field. the current study compared the effectiveness of oral and intraperitoneal (ip) methods of experimental inoculation and two strains of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (strain k-10 and clinical isolate 509) on the level of infection and lesion development. calves were inoculated with 4x10(11) to 8x10(12)cf ... | 2009 | 19135813 |
| association between mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection among offspring and their dams in nondomestic ruminant species housed in a zoo. | the objective of the present study was to determine whether offspring of dams infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) have an increased risk for map infection. antemortem and postmortem disease surveillance data were used to identify positive and test-negative ruminants born at the zoological society of san diego (zssd) between 1991 and 2007 and to estimate cumulative lifetime incidence. a matched case-control study, nested within the population, was conducted and conditi ... | 2009 | 19139499 |
| comparison of three immunological diagnostic tests for the detection of avian tuberculosis in naturally infected red deer (cervus elaphus). | cases of tuberculosis due to mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in 52 adult red deer (cervus elaphus) from a farm were studied using different diagnostic techniques. immunological probes consisted of the comparative cervical tuberculin (cct) skin test, the interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) assay, and 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) employing either avian purified protein derivatives or protoplasmatic antigen (ppa-3) as antigens. three of the animals were euthanized due to severe weakness, ... | 2009 | 19139508 |
| factors affecting isolation and identification of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from fecal and tissue samples in a liquid culture system. | culture of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the definitive diagnostic test for johne's disease, a chronic granulomatous enteropathy of animals. compared to solid media, the identification of all strains of the organism in liquid media can be more difficult because the appearance of colonies and mycobactin dependence are not observable, and the growth of other organisms needs to be distinguished, commonly by pcr. factors affecting the isolation rate of s strains and the contaminatio ... | 2009 | 19144807 |
| risk haplotype analysis for bovine paratuberculosis. | paratuberculosis (johne's disease), caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, is an important disease for bovines, although its genetic basis is poorly understood. in this study, three candidate genes were typed to study the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and paratuberculosis susceptibility (measured in a 1 or 0 form) at the haplotype level. a significant risk haplotype, constructed by a variant allele (c) at the first snp and a common allele (a) at the ... | 2009 | 19145459 |
| optical mapping of the mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis genome. | infection of cattle with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. ap) causes severe economic losses to the dairy industry in the usa and worldwide. in an effort to better examine diversity among m. ap strains, we used optical mapping to profile genomic variations between strains of m. ap k-10 (sequenced strain) and m. ap atcc 19698 (type strain). | 2009 | 19146697 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and its relationship with crohn's disease. | the hypothesis postulating that mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map) is the cause of crohn's disease (cd) has been circulating for many years. advances in molecular techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction and culture methods, have enabled researchers to demonstrate that there is an association between map and cd. recently, genome-wide association studies have identified novel susceptibility genes for cd, which are critical for generation of an adaptive immune response that is protect ... | 2009 | 19152445 |
| ovine small intestinal adenocarcinomas are not associated with infection by herpesviruses, helicobacter species or mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | sheep in new zealand more frequently develop small intestinal adenocarcinoma (sia) than sheep in other countries. the reasons for this high rate of intestinal neoplasia are not known. in man, differences between countries in the incidence of neoplasia are often due to differences in the rate of infection by carcinogenic viruses or bacteria. therefore, it was hypothesized that new zealand sheep more frequently develop sia as they are more frequently exposed to an infectious agent. this study comp ... | 2009 | 19159897 |
| evaluation of the immunogenicity of recombinant stress-associated proteins during mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection: implications for pathogenesis and diagnosis. | the aim of this study was to assess the immunogenicity of recombinant stress-associated proteins of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in sheep infected with the organism compared to control sheep. five proteins - map2411, clpp, ppa, map0593c and grea - which were identified previously in in vitro stress or dormancy responses of m. paratuberculosis to hypoxia, nutrient starvation and heat, were cloned, expressed and purified as his-tag recombinant proteins from the pet-15b vector in a b ... | 2009 | 19186011 |
| clinical trial on type of calving pen and the risk of disease in holstein calves during the first 90 d of life. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of single cow calving pens that are cleaned between calvings vs. multiple cow calving pens for the prevention of calf diarrhea (scours), respiratory disease (pneumonia) and morbidity attributable to any cause. every other pregnant cow or heifer was moved to either the single cow calving pen (treatment) or the multiple cow calving pen (control) within 48-72 h prior to actual calving. the calves born in the single cow calving pens were assig ... | 2009 | 19193464 |
| coexpression of 16.8 kda antigen of mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis and murine gamma interferon in a bicistronic vector and studies on its potential as dna vaccine. | paratuberculosis or johne's disease is a chronic gastric disease of ruminants. for this disease there is no effective treatment or preventive measure available. 16.8 kda protein is an immunogenic protein of mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis and can be an ideal candidate for developing a dna vaccine construct. in present study a bicistronic dna vaccine construct pir16.8/ifn was developed using eukaryotic vector pires 6.1. two genes mpt (expressing 16.8 kda protein) and murine ifngamma were clo ... | 2009 | 19199070 |
| johne's disease in a free-ranging white-tailed deer from virginia and subsequent surveillance for mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | johne's disease (paratuberculosis) was diagnosed in a 2-yr-old, male, free-ranging white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from fauquier county, virginia, usa, based on histopathology and culture for mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. clinical and pathologic findings included emaciation; loss of body fat; chronic diarrhea; severe, chronic, diffuse granulomatous colitis with intrahistiocytic acid-fast bacilli; moderate, chronic granulomatous lymphadenitis with intrahistiocytic ac ... | 2009 | 19204350 |
| specific immunoassays confirm association of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with type-1 but not type-2 diabetes mellitus. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) is a versatile pathogen with a broad host range. its association with type-1 diabetes mellitus (t1dm) has been recently proposed. rapid identification of infectious agents such as map in diabetic patients at the level of clinics might be helpful in deciphering the role of chronic bacterial infection in the development of autoimmune diseases such as t1dm. | 2009 | 19204799 |
| the transport of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis through saturated aquifer materials. | to investigate the processes controlling the transport of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) through aquifer materials. | 2009 | 19207858 |
| development of a bovine ileal cannulation model to study the immune response and mechanisms of pathogenesis of paratuberculosis. | an ileal cannulation model was developed in conjunction with a flow cytometric assay to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of immunopathogenesis of johne's disease caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. initial studies with calves showed that m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis dna is detectable by pcr in ileal biopsies during the first months following experimental infection. inflammatory lesions were not detected on endoscopic evaluation up to 8 months postexperimental ... | 2009 | 19225077 |
| genotype profiles of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis isolates recovered from animals, commercial milk, and human beings in north india. | to understand the genetic diversity of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) isolates recovered from domestic and wild ruminants, commercial milk, and human beings in north india. | 2009 | 19233699 |
| expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (tgf-beta1) in different types of granulomatous lesions in bovine and ovine paratuberculosis. | paratuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), is manifested by a broad spectrum of clinical and lesional presentations. we have evaluated the expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (tgf-beta1), a cytokine known to have immunosuppressor effects, by immunohistochemistry, in different paratuberculosis lesions in the intestine and lymph nodes from 20 sheep and 25 cattle. peripheral immune responses were assessed by interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) test and the pr ... | 2009 | 18242702 |
| atp release by infected bovine monocytes increases the intracellular survival of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the etiologic agent of johne's disease, a chronic intestinal infection in ruminants. adenosine 5'-triphosphate (atp) has been reported to induce killing of several mycobacterium species in human and murine macrophages. we investigated whether atp secreted from m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected bovine monocytes affects intracellular survival of the bacilli. bovine monocytes constitutively secreted atp during an 8-day incubation period in vitr ... | 2009 | 18243311 |
| use of host population reduction to control wildlife infection: rabbits and paratuberculosis. | reduction in wildlife populations is a common method for the control of livestock infections which have wildlife hosts, but its success is dependent on the characteristics of the infection itself, as well as on the spatial and social structure of the wildlife host. paratuberculosis (mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; map) is a widespread and difficult infection to control in livestock populations and also has possible links to crohn's disease in humans. rabbits have recently been ident ... | 2009 | 18419853 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis diagnosis and geno-typing: genomic insights. | effective control of paratuberculosis and investigations of potential link to crohn's disease have been hampered by the lack of effective assays for easy and accurate diagnosis of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map). map is extremely fastidious and depends on iron chelator (mycobactin). map strains from humans and sheep are very difficult to isolate and may require years to emerge. therefore, small numbers of map isolates have been maintained in available collections. this situ ... | 2009 | 17517501 |
| in utero infection of cattle with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: a critical review and meta-analysis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (mptb) causes johne's disease in ruminants. disease control programmes aim to break the faecal-oral cow-calf transmission cycle through hygienic calf rearing and removal of affected cows from the herd, but these programmes do not take account of the potential for congenital infection. the aims of this study were to critically review research on in utero infection, determine the prevalence of fetal infection in cattle through meta-analysis and estimate ... | 2009 | 17928247 |
| 'one health', from science to policy: examples from the israeli experience. | 'the concept of 'one health' aims to help bring about the integration of animal, human and environmental health for the mutual benefit of all. this multidisciplinary approach is of great importance in a variety of fields, from enhancement of breakthroughs in biomedical research, to epidemiological studies and public health policy decision-making. we demonstrate the strength embedded in this approach by using three case studies from israel. we first describe successful scientific collaboration be ... | 2009 | 20391389 |
| escherichia coli, salmonella, and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in wild european starlings at a kansas cattle feedlot. | the prevalence of escherichia coli, salmonella spp., and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated from the feces of wild european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) humanely trapped at a feedlot in central kansas was assessed. all e. coli and salmonella isolates recovered were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system panels and the e. coli isolates were classified as to their content of genes associated with pathogenic e. coli of bir ... | 2009 | 20095155 |
| seroprevalence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in cattle in korea. | 2009 | 19946127 | |
| the role of infection in inflammatory bowel disease: initiation, exacerbation and protection. | inflammatory bowel disease, a collective term for ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease, is a chronic, immune-mediated disease of the gastrointestinal tract that develops in genetically susceptible individuals. the role of infection in the development of inflammatory bowel disease is underscored by various clinical observations, such as the delayed age of onset, suggesting that childhood exposure to pathogens is essential, and the clinical improvement that follows decreasing bacterial intestina ... | 2009 | 19960852 |
| mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis high shedding in an adult female alpaca, and its implications for the rest of the herd. | 2009 | 19909432 | |
| longitudinal study of the distribution of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the environment of dairy herds in the michigan johne's disease control demonstration herd project. | the objective of this study was to describe the distribution of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in the environment of infected dairy farms over time. johne's disease (jd) prevalence was monitored annually in 7 michigan dairy herds. environmental samples were collected bi-annually and cultured for map. of 731 environmental samples that were cultured, 81 (11%) were positive. the lactating cow floor and manure storage areas were the areas most commonly contaminated, representing 3 ... | 2009 | 20046602 |
| significant reduction in bacterial shedding and improvement in milk production in dairy farms after the use of a new inactivated paratuberculosis vaccine in a field trial. | paratuberculosis vaccination has been in use in some regions for many decades, but results have not been widely spread. a new mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) killed vaccine was studied in relationship with its effects on fecal shedding and milk production in four farms while other two were kept as controls submitted to a test and cull scheme. | 2009 | 19930604 |
| analysis of correlations between the occurrence of anti-map antibodies in blood serum and the presence of dna-map in milk. | paratuberculosis (johne's disease) is a chronic, infectious enteritis of both domestic and wild ruminants. unfortunately, the problem of map infections is not linked only with the health status of animals and potential direct and indirect economic losses in bovine herds (of dairy cattle in particular). map bacilli present in food of animal origin (milk in particular) are likely to lead to the development of the disease in humans. fast and effective diagnosis of the disease in animals, especially ... | 2009 | 19886260 |
| production of and applications for a polyclonal igy diagnostic reagent specific for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | antibodies specific to the cell surface antigens of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) have multiple useful applications, e.g. organism detection, immunoconcentration, and cell visualization. the aim of this study was to produce and compare polyclonal antibodies for such research and diagnostic purposes. three polyclonal antibodies to map were produced using sera from immunized rabbits and chickens plus naturally infected cows. cross-reactive antibodies in each map antibody prepar ... | 2009 | 19851733 |
| the structure and peroxidase activity of a 33-kda catalase-related protein from mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis. | true catalases are tyrosine-liganded, usually tetrameric, hemoproteins with subunit sizes of approximately 55-84 kda. recently characterized hemoproteins with a catalase-related structure, yet lacking in catalatic activity, include the 40-43 kda allene oxide synthases of marine invertebrates and cyanobacteria. herein, we describe the 1.8 a x-ray crystal structure of a 33 kda subunit hemoprotein from mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (annotated as map-2744c), that retains the core element ... | 2009 | 19827095 |
| optimization of a rapid viability assay for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by using alamarblue. | a microtiter alamarblue assay was adapted and optimized for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. using cell concentrations ranging from 10(4) to 10(8) cfu/ml, a minimum incubation time to indicate viability was obtained after 24 h. rifampin (rifampicin) was used to demonstrate that this method has applications for high-throughput screening against m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | 2009 | 19837835 |
| short communication: detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis by polymerase chain reaction in bovine milk in brazil. | mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis, or johne's disease, a chronic granulomatous enteritis that affects all ruminants worldwide. since the isolation of map from intestinal tissue of human patients bearing crohn's disease, there has been a debate on the possibility of this agent playing a role in the etiology of crohn's disease. milk could be the potential vehicle for transmission to humans. mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis has alrea ... | 2009 | 19841202 |
| occurrence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis across host species and european countries with evidence for transmission between wildlife and domestic ruminants. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) causes an infectious chronic enteritis (paratuberculosis or johne's disease) principally of ruminants. the epidemiology of map is poorly understood, particularly with respect to the role of wildlife reservoirs and the controversial issue of zoonotic potential (crohn's disease). genotypic discrimination of map isolates is pivotal to descriptive epidemiology and resolving these issues. this study was undertaken to determine the genetic diversit ... | 2009 | 19811631 |
| modulation of pathogen-induced ccl20 secretion from ht-29 human intestinal epithelial cells by commensal bacteria. | human intestinal epithelial cells (iecs) secrete the chemokine ccl20 in response to infection by various enteropathogenic bacteria or exposure to bacterial flagellin. ccl20 recruits immature dendritic cells and lymphocytes to target sites. here we investigated iec responses to various pathogenic and commensal bacteria as well as the modulatory effects of commensal bacteria on pathogen-induced ccl20 secretion. ht-29 human iecs were incubated with commensal bacteria (bifidobacterium infantis or la ... | 2009 | 19814810 |
| association between cow reproduction and calf growth traits and elisa scores for paratuberculosis in a multibreed herd of beef cattle. | the objective of this research was to assess the association between 4 cow reproductive and weight traits, and 2 preweaning calf traits and elisa scores for paratuberculosis (0 = negative, 1 = suspect, 2 = weak-positive, and 3 = positive) in a multibreed herd of cows ranging from 100% angus (a) to 100% brahman (b). cow data were 624 gestation lengths (gl), 358 records of time open (to), 605 calving intervals (ci), and 1240 weight changes from november to weaning in september (wc) from 502 purebr ... | 2009 | 18998232 |
| presence of ppe proteins in mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates and their immunogenicity in cattle. | johne's disease or paratuberculosis in cattle is caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). although the stages of infection have been well described, very few virulence factors of map have been studied in detail. we aimed to study the localization and immunogenicity of members of the polymorphic ppe protein family which is unique to mycobacteria and has been linked to virulence in mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). the presence of ppe proteins in the cell wall was investigated ... | 2009 | 19004580 |
| gamma-delta t cell subsets are differentially associated with granuloma development and organization in a bovine model of mycobacterial disease. | the characteristic lesion in bovine tuberculosis is well-organized respiratory granulomas. this is typically associated with a strong t-helper 1 biased cell-mediated immune response and eventual containment of the infection. in bovine paratuberculosis, the classic lesion is unorganized granulomatous intestinal inflammation. clinical paratuberculosis is associated with a t-helper 2 biased humoral immune response and eventual death because of inability of the host to contain the infection. recent ... | 2009 | 19758417 |
| effects of interactions of antibacterial drugs with each other and with 6-mercaptopurine on in vitro growth of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) has been targeted for treatment with clarithromycin and rifamycin derivatives in numerous cases of crohn's disease (cd). 6-mercaptopurine and its pro-drug azathioprine are widely used as immunomodulators in the treatment of cd and have recently been shown to have anti-map activity in vitro. the objectives of the study were to evaluate the in vitro effects on map of (i) 6-mercaptopurine when combined with each of eight conventional antibacteri ... | 2009 | 19759042 |
| evaluation of ziehl-neelsen stained faecal smear and elisa as tools for surveillance of clinical paratuberculosis in cattle in the netherlands. | testing cattle suspected of clinical paratuberculosis is an important element of surveillance of paratuberculosis. the aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic-test characteristics of microscopic examination of ziehl-neelsen stained faecal smears for acid-fast mycobacteria (zn-test) and serum-elisa in cattle suspected of clinical paratuberculosis in the netherlands. results of all samples submitted for zn-test and serum-elisa between april 2003 and april 2006 to our laboratory were retri ... | 2009 | 19762098 |
| short communication: progression of johne's disease curtailed by a probiotic. | the naturally occurring inflammatory bowel disease johne's, caused by mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map), has many clinical manifestations in common with the human inflammatory bowel disease crohn's disease. in addition, both lack preventive and curative therapies. because a high percentage of crohn's patients harbor map, it is not surprising that map is at the center of controversy as to its contribution. special concern is being raised as to what role, if any, food animals play in ... | 2009 | 19762800 |
| loss of income from cows shedding mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis prior to calving compared with cows not shedding the organism on two minnesota dairy farms. | quantification of the financial effect of mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection on lactation performance is essential to encourage participation of dairy cattle producers in johne's disease (jd) control programs. the objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in net income per lactation of cows shedding mycobacterium paratuberculosis before calving compared with test-negative cows. two minnesota dairies were enrolled in the study and fecal samples were collected from 1,048 cows d ... | 2009 | 19762809 |
| linking chronic infection and autoimmune diseases: mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, slc11a1 polymorphisms and type-1 diabetes mellitus. | the etiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (t1dm) is still unknown; numerous studies are performed to unravel the environmental factors involved in triggering the disease. slc11a1 is a membrane transporter that is expressed in late endosomes of antigen presenting cells involved in the immunopathogenic events leading to t1dm. mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) has been reported to be a possible trigger in the development of t1dm. | 2009 | 19768110 |
| single-antigen serological testing for bovine tuberculosis. | antibody responses are useful indicators of mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle. tests for such responses often use multiple m. bovis antigens as detection probes. this is recommended because responses to single antigens may be too variable for consistent diagnosis. however, the use of multiple antigens increases costs and the risk of false-positive results. as an alternative, the seralyte-mbv system detects responses to a single m. bovis antigen, mpb83, by using a chemiluminescent testing p ... | 2009 | 19605596 |
| characterization of the apa antigen from m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis: a conserved mycobacterium antigen that elicits a strong humoral response in cattle. | johne's disease or paratuberculosis is widespread in almost all countries and remains difficult to eradicate. nowadays, diagnosis of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (mptb) infection is one of the main concerns. in this work, we evaluated the expression, biochemical properties and antigenicity of the apa antigen, encoded by the gene annotated as map1569, in the mptb genome. we confirmed its expression in mptb and its glycosylation by the cona binding assay. although the mptb-apa is no ... | 2009 | 19616313 |
| reliability of environmental sampling to quantify mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis on california free-stall dairies. | the reliability of environmental sampling to quantify mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) based on collector and time was evaluated. fecal slurry samples were collected using a standardized protocol simultaneously by 2 collectors of different experience levels. samples were collected from 30 cow pens on 4 dairies every other day on 3 occasions while cow movements between pens were minimal. the 4 study herds had moderate map seroprevalence and were housed in free-stall dairies in cent ... | 2009 | 19620644 |
| benefits of obtaining test-negative level 4 classification for beef producers in the voluntary bovine johne's disease control program. | the us voluntary bovine johne's disease control program (vbjdcp) stipulates the national standards for johne's disease (jd) control, and herds classified as test-negative at level 4 of the vbjdcp have the greatest likelihood of being non-infected. a questionnaire survey of owners of vbjdcp test-negative level 4 beef herds was conducted to describe perceived benefits of attaining level 4 status. thirty-nine of the 40 producers returned completed or partially completed surveys. sixty-four percent ... | 2009 | 19625094 |
| effect of levamisole on faecal levels of acid-fast organisms in cows with paratuberculosis. | 2009 | 19633326 | |
| unique genotypes of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains of type iii. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) strains with two new is900 restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) bsteii types intermediate suspected to belong to the map type iii group were isolated from migrating sheep in germany. such strains have only been sporadically identified in a few studies. for a better understanding of the genomic diversity of map with regard to specific host associations, geographic origin, and the discussed classification into type i, type ii and type ii ... | 2009 | 19647378 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in a diamant sparrow. | 2009 | 19666920 | |
| crohn disease and mycobacterial infection in children: an intriguing relationship. | the relation between crohn disease (cd) and mycobacterial infection is complex and intriguing. the 2 conditions share common immunopathogenic features, and the hypothesis that mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis may cause cd is still under debate. moreover, differential diagnosis between cd and intestinal tuberculosis (tb) may be challenging, especially in the growing proportion of children immigrating from countries with a high prevalence of tb. thus, in western countries, paediatri ... | 2009 | 19680150 |
| prevalence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in ileocecal lymph nodes and on hides and carcasses from cull cows and fed cattle at commercial beef processing plants in the united states. | clinical associations between crohn's disease in humans and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) have been suggested but not confirmed. cattle could be sources for map, but little information on map prevalence with beef has been reported. samples of ileocecal lymph nodes and swabs of hides and carcasses from 343 animals at cull cattle slaughtering facilities and 243 animals at fed cattle slaughtering facilities across the united states were analyzed for the presence of map. amplific ... | 2009 | 19681269 |
| internalization-dependent recognition of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis by intestinal epithelial cells. | mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease, a highly prevalent chronic intestinal infection in domestic and wildlife ruminants. the microbial pathogenesis of map infection has attracted additional attention due to an association with the human enteric inflammatory crohn's disease. map is acquired by the faecal-oral route prompting us to study the interaction with differentiated intestinal epithelial cells. map was rapidly internalized and accumulate ... | 2009 | 19681906 |
| identification and functional characterization of the iron-dependent regulator (ider) of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), the causative agent of johne's disease in cattle and sheep, has unique iron requirements in that it is mycobactin-dependent for cultivation in vitro. the iron-dependent regulator (ider) is a well-characterized global regulator responsible for maintaining iron homeostasis in mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). we identified an orthologous segment in the map genome, map2827, with >93 % amino acid identity to mtb ider. electrophoretic mobility sh ... | 2009 | 19684064 |
| immunohistochemical localization of galectin-3 in the granulomatous lesions of paratuberculosis-infected bovine intestine. | the presence of galectin-3 was immunohistochemically quantified in bovine intestines infected with paratuberculosis (johne's disease) to determine whether galectin-3 was involved in the formation of granulation tissue associated with the disease. mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection was histochemically confirmed using ziehl-neelsen staining and molecularly diagnosed through rpob dna sequencing. galectin-3 was detected in the majority of inflammatory cells, possibly macrophages, ... | 2009 | 19687616 |
| low cross-reactivity of t-cell responses against lipids from mycobacterium bovis and m. avium paratuberculosis during natural infection. | although cd1 proteins are known to present mycobacterial lipid antigens to t cells, there is little understanding of the in vivo behavior of t cells restricted by cd1a, cd1b and cd1c, and the relative immunogenicity and immunodominance of individual lipids within the total array of lipids that comprise a bacterium. because bovines express multiple cd1 proteins and are natural hosts of mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map), we used them as a new animal model of cd1 fu ... | 2009 | 19688747 |
| antibiotics and probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: why, when, and how. | to summarize recent evidence on the role of intestinal bacteria in inflammatory bowel diseases, and of antibiotics and probiotics in their treatment. the implications connected with the use of antibiotics are also examined. | 2009 | 19444096 |
| a longitudinal study on the impact of johne's disease status on milk production in individual cows. | longitudinal data from 3 commercial dairy herds in the northeast united states were collected from 2004 to 2007. johne's disease status, as indicated by mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection levels, was determined through quarterly elisa serum testing, biannual fecal culture, and culture of tissues at slaughter. milk production data were collected from the dairy herd improvement association. the effect of johne's disease status on milk production was analyzed using a mixed linear m ... | 2009 | 19447998 |
| [role of mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in the etiopathogenesis of crohn's disease]. | 2009 | 19457586 | |
| comparison of three methods for susceptibility testing of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to 11 antimicrobial drugs. | to evaluate the bactec(tm) mgit(tm) 960/mgit para tb (mgit) system for drug susceptibility testing of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), a pathogen implicated in some forms of crohn's disease. | 2009 | 19457932 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in children with early-onset crohn's disease. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) is the most enduring infectious candidate that may be associated with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). it is possible that the inconsistencies in the prevalence studies of map in adults reflect clinical differences in adult patients studied, including duration of disease and treatment regimens, and also in lack of specificity of some of the assays used. the aim was to determine the presence of map in children with symptoms of crohn's disease ... | 2009 | 19462429 |
| novel mutations in tlr genes cause hyporesponsiveness to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection. | toll like receptors (tlr) play the central role in the recognition of pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps). mutations in the tlr1, tlr2 and tlr4 genes may change the ability to recognize pamps and cause altered responsiveness to the bacterial pathogens. | 2009 | 19470169 |
| sample handling substantially affects johne's elisa. | detection methods for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) are imperfect, yet crucial for diagnosis of johne's disease. our purpose was to test for significant and biologically relevant changes in johne's elisa results associated with how field-collected blood samples were transported to the laboratory, prepared and stored prior to testing, while removing potential confounding by test kit and laboratory variables. blood samples were collected from 21 cows that previously had map eli ... | 2009 | 19477542 |